WO2019001343A1 - 基于电磁感应原理的非线性谐振式磁场能量采集装置 - Google Patents

基于电磁感应原理的非线性谐振式磁场能量采集装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019001343A1
WO2019001343A1 PCT/CN2018/092247 CN2018092247W WO2019001343A1 WO 2019001343 A1 WO2019001343 A1 WO 2019001343A1 CN 2018092247 W CN2018092247 W CN 2018092247W WO 2019001343 A1 WO2019001343 A1 WO 2019001343A1
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Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
magnetic field
bearing
hole
energy harvesting
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PCT/CN2018/092247
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡军
王中旭
何金良
王善祥
赵根
欧阳勇
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清华大学
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Publication of WO2019001343A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019001343A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of energy harvesting technology, in particular to a nonlinear resonant magnetic field energy harvesting device based on the principle of electromagnetic induction.
  • the new smart grid is characterized by strong, self-healing, compatibility, economy, integration and optimization. It proposes technologies such as fault detection and location technology, power grid dynamic assessment technology, wide-area monitoring technology, high-speed real-time communication technology and big data acquisition analysis. New requirements. As the basic unit supporting the above technology, the wireless intelligent sensor node plays a vital role in the safe and stable operation of the power grid, the optimization of system power flow, the analysis of operational data accumulation and other new smart grid applications.
  • wireless intelligent sensor nodes need to have the following characteristics: self-power supply, long service life, high performance and stability, high integration, low cost, and far Distance wireless communication, non-intrusive configuration.
  • a wireless sensor node is usually composed of a sensing module, a wireless communication module, and an energy supply module.
  • the new sensor is powered by collecting energy such as wind, light, heat, electricity, magnetism and vibration in the environment.
  • energy such as wind, light, heat, electricity, magnetism and vibration
  • other forms of energy are unstable, and it is necessary to support energy storage components such as batteries to work stably.
  • the energy harvesting technology of other energy forms that need to be used in conjunction with the battery is difficult to meet the actual needs of smart grid monitoring.
  • Traditional sensor power supply methods include capacitive divider bus take-up and CT bus take-up.
  • the capacitive voltage divider busbar energy-taking mode has the disadvantages of low power density and intrusive energy harvesting; and the CT busbar energy-receiving mode has the disadvantages of inconvenient installation (need to be wrapped around the wire) and easy to damage under transient high current.
  • the resonant energy harvesting method is highly resistant to high-frequency transient currents.
  • Resonant energy harvesting methods include linear resonant and nonlinear resonant energy harvesting.
  • the nonlinear resonant energy harvesting method has higher power density and wider bandwidth (the schematic diagram of the frequency response curve of the typical nonlinear resonant and resonant energy harvesting modes is shown in Figure 1), which can better adapt.
  • the amplitude and frequency fluctuations of the grid current. Therefore, the nonlinear resonant energy harvesting device can well adapt to the power supply requirements of the smart grid wireless sensor node.
  • the present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a nonlinear resonant magnetic field energy harvesting device based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, which can better adapt to the application requirements of magnetic field energy collection around the wire, and can realize reliable energy supply of the sensing device.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a nonlinear resonant magnetic field energy harvesting device based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, comprising: a fixed frame; a rotating unit, the rotating unit is embedded in the fixed frame, The rotating unit includes a rotatable permanent magnet and at least one shaft; at least one set of surrounding coils wound on the fixed frame; at least one fixed permanent magnet, and the rotatable member is statically a DC bias magnetic field constraint generated by the at least one fixed permanent magnet is stabilized at the equilibrium position, and when the rotating unit operates, a magnetic field generated by the current carrying wire acts periodically to swing around the equilibrium position, by adjusting the DC
  • the magnitude of the biasing magnetic field, the rotatable permanent magnet can reach a resonance state under the power frequency condition, the amplitude of the oscillation reaches a maximum value in the resonance state, and the moving magnetic field generated during the oscillation can be induced in the at least one set of surrounding coils Energy sufficient to support the normal operation of the sensing node, and due
  • the nonlinear resonant magnetic field energy harvesting device based on the electromagnetic induction principle of the embodiment of the present invention, during operation, the rotatable permanent magnet is driven by the external magnetic field generated by the current carrying wire to swing around the equilibrium position, and is surrounded by the coil. The electric energy is generated. Due to the use of the rotatable permanent magnet structure and the introduction of the bias magnetic field as the nonlinear magnetic spring, the device can fully utilize the torque mode coupling between the magnetic field generated by the current-carrying wire and the magnetic moment of the permanent magnet for energy harvesting and nonlinearity. Resonant frequency response, the device has the advantages of high power density, wide frequency band, high reliability, non-intrusive and low cost, and can better adapt to the application requirements of magnetic field energy collection around the wire, and can realize reliable power supply of the sensing device.
  • nonlinear resonant magnetic field energy harvesting device based on the electromagnetic induction principle may further have the following additional technical features:
  • the torque acting on the rotatable permanent magnet due to the DC bias magnetic field provided by the fixed permanent magnet in the at least one fixed permanent magnet varies nonlinearly with the rotation angle
  • the typical frequency response of the energy harvesting device is such that it has a non-linear characteristic.
  • the current-carrying wire configuration is constrained by: when the current-carrying wire is disposed, the wire is disposed in a central section of the energy harvesting device along the y-axis.
  • the rotating unit further includes: a plurality of bearing fixtures and a plurality of bearings, the rotatable permanent magnet, the at least one shaft, and an inner ring of the plurality of bearings a rotatable member, the plurality of bearing fixtures and outer rings of the plurality of bearings being fixed members, wherein the at least one shaft is one or two, the plurality of bearing fixtures and the plurality of The bearings are both.
  • the at least one fixed permanent magnet is one or two.
  • the at least one shaft and the plurality of bearing fixing members are non-magnetic materials
  • the fixing frame is made of a material that is neither magnetic nor conductive, so as to suppress Eddy current effect.
  • a method for preparing a rotating unit includes: forming a rotatable permanent magnet by a sintering or bonding process, before the rotatable permanent magnet is plated and magnetized, a center of the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the rotating permanent magnets are punched with the same size; if the center hole of the rotatable permanent magnet passes through, a shaft is formed, and the outer diameter of the middle portion of the shaft is consistent with the inner diameter of the hole to press
  • the connection mode is closely matched with the central hole of the rotatable permanent magnet; if the central hole of the rotatable permanent magnet is not penetrated, two shafts are formed, and the outer diameter of one end of the two shafts is consistent with the inner diameter of the hole a tight fit with the center hole of the rotatable permanent magnet in the crimping manner, the outer diameter of the other end of the two shafts is consistent with the inner ring size of the bearing, in the crimping manner and the bearing
  • the inner ring is
  • the method for preparing the fixing frame comprises: punching a square hole in a center of the square non-conductive non-magnetic material, and the outer side of the fixing frame is in the middle of the through hole of the square hole Partially milling the step and chamfering the outer contour of the fixed frame; if the bearing fixing member is separately manufactured, the rotation obtained by the two bearing fixing members being press-fitted with the bearing The unit is press-fitted into the center of the fixed frame square through hole; if the bearing fixing member is directly formed on the fixed frame, the upper and lower surfaces are perpendicular to the square through hole on the fixed frame The center of the circular through hole, the inner diameter of the circular through hole is consistent with the outer diameter of the outer ring of the bearing, and the rotatable permanent magnet with bearings at both ends is placed in the square through hole of the fixed frame After the center, the two ends of the bearing are pressed into the circular through holes of the upper and lower bottoms by crimping.
  • the winding method of the surrounding coil includes: the plurality of sets of surrounding coils are respectively wound on the fixed frame in a grouping manner of layers or in a y-direction grouping manner, each group Connected in series or in parallel.
  • the number of winding layers surrounding the coil, the number of windings per layer, the diameter of the coil, and the material of the coil are all adjustable.
  • FIG. 1 is a comparative diagram of a typical nonlinear frequency response graph (left) and other linear frequency response graphs (right) in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a nonlinear resonant magnetic field energy harvesting device based on the principle of electromagnetic induction according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1-rotatable permanent magnet 2-axis, 3-surrounding coil, 4-fixed frame, 5-fixed permanent magnet, 6-bearing, 7-bearing fixture, 8-DC bias magnetic field, 9-current-carrying wire generation AC bias magnetic field.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a nonlinear resonant magnetic field energy harvesting device based on the principle of electromagnetic induction according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the nonlinear resonant magnetic field energy harvesting device based on the electromagnetic induction principle comprises: a rotatable permanent magnet 1, at least one axis (as shown by the axis 2), and at least one set of surrounding coils (such as a surrounding coil 3). Shown, fixed frame 4, at least one fixed permanent magnet (as shown by fixed permanent magnet 5).
  • the rotating unit further comprises: a plurality of bearing fixtures and a plurality of bearings.
  • the inner ring of the rotatable permanent magnet, the at least one shaft and the plurality of bearings is a rotatable member, and the outer rings of the plurality of bearing fixing members and the plurality of bearings are fixed members.
  • the acquisition apparatus of embodiments of the present invention further includes a plurality of bearings (as shown by bearing 6) and a plurality of bearing fixtures (as shown by bearing fixtures 7).
  • bearing 6 a plurality of bearings
  • bearing fixtures 7 a plurality of bearing fixtures
  • FIG. 2(a) is a top cross-sectional view of the device
  • FIG. 2(b) is a front cross-sectional view of the device
  • the rotating unit is embedded in the fixed frame 4
  • the rotating unit includes a rotatable permanent magnet 1, at least one axis, and more
  • the bearing fixture and the plurality of bearings wherein the rotatable permanent magnet 1, the inner ring of the at least one shaft and the plurality of bearings are rotatable members, and the outer rings of the plurality of bearing fixing members and the plurality of bearings are fixed members.
  • At least one set of surrounding coils is wound around the fixed frame 4.
  • the DC bias magnetic field 8 generated by the at least one fixed permanent magnet is constrained to stabilize in the equilibrium position, and when the rotatable member is in operation, the magnetic field 9 generated by the current carrying wire acts to periodically swing around the equilibrium position.
  • the rotatable permanent magnet 1 can reach a resonance state under power frequency conditions.
  • the amplitude of the oscillation reaches a maximum value, and the moving magnetic field generated during the swinging can induce sufficient electrical energy in the at least one set of surrounding coils 3 to support the normal operation of the sensing node, and because of the nonlinear frequency response, the energy harvesting device has Extremely wide frequency band.
  • the device of the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of high power density, wide frequency band, high reliability, non-intrusive and low cost, and can better meet the application requirements of magnetic field energy collection around the wire, and can realize reliable power supply of the sensing device.
  • At least one of the shafts may be one or two, and the plurality of bearing fixing members and the plurality of bearings may be two, and at least one of the fixed permanent magnets may be one or two, that is, It can be one, or it can be on both sides as shown in the figure, but in fact, as long as there is a fixed permanent magnet on one side, it can provide a DC bias magnetic field for the rotating permanent magnet.
  • the device may comprise 1 rotatable permanent magnet, 1 or 2 axes, 1 or more sets of surrounding coils, 1 fixed frame, 2 fixed permanent magnets, 2 bearings and 2 bearing fixtures, here No specific restrictions are imposed.
  • the rotatable permanent magnet 1, the shaft 2, the bearing fixture 7 and the bearing 6 together form a rotary unit, and the rotary unit is embedded in the fixed frame 4, and the coil 3 is wound around the fixed frame 4.
  • the fixed permanent magnet 5 provides a biasing magnetic field 8 that constrains the rotatable permanent magnet 1 in an equilibrium position.
  • the rotatable permanent magnet 1 is driven by the alternating bias magnetic field 9 generated by the current carrying wire to oscillate substantially around the equilibrium position, and induces electric energy in the surrounding coil.
  • the rotatable permanent magnet 1, the shaft 2, the bearing 6, and the bearing fixture 7 together constitute a rotating unit.
  • the center of the rotatable permanent magnet 1 has a cylindrical hole, and the shaft 2 passes through the center hole of the rotatable permanent magnet 1 and is tightly press-fitted with the rotatable permanent magnet 1. Both ends of the shaft are tightly press-fitted with the inner rings of the two bearings 6, respectively.
  • the outer rings of the two bearings 6 are tightly press-fitted with the two bearing fixing members 7, respectively.
  • the shape of the fixing frame 4 (xz cross section) is a square shape with a square through hole in the middle, and both ends of the fixing frame 4 (along the y axis) have a square step, and the outer frame edge of the fixing frame 4 has a circular chamfer.
  • the surrounding coil 3 is evenly wound under the outer step of the fixed frame 4.
  • the rotating unit is tightly press-fitted with the inner square through hole of the fixed frame 4. After crimping, in the xy section of the device, the center of the shaft 2 is located at the center of the square through hole inside the fixed frame 4.
  • the fixed permanent magnets 5 are fixed to both sides of the fixed frame 4 along the x-axis.
  • the torque acting on the rotatable permanent magnet 1 due to the DC bias magnetic field 8 provided by the fixed permanent magnet 5 in the at least one fixed permanent magnet varies nonlinearly with the rotation angle, so that the energy The typical frequency response of the acquisition device is non-linear.
  • the inner ring of the rotatable permanent magnet 1 when the device is in operation, the inner ring of the rotatable permanent magnet 1, the shaft 2 and the bearing 6 is a rotatable member, and the other portions of the device are fixed members.
  • the fixed permanent magnet 5 provides a DC bias magnetic field 8 for the rotating unit. Under the action of the DC bias magnetic field 8, the equilibrium position of the rotatable permanent magnet 1 is as shown in FIG.
  • the wire In the case of a current carrying wire arrangement that provides magnetic energy to the energy harvesting device, the wire must be disposed in a central section of the energy harvesting device along the y-axis, i.e., the wire must be disposed in the xz cross-section of Figure 2(b).
  • the direction of the alternating magnetic field 9 generated by the current-carrying wire passes through the center through hole of the fixed frame 4 in the y direction.
  • the rotatable permanent magnet 1 Under the driving of the alternating magnetic field 9, the rotatable permanent magnet 1 is periodically oscillated around the equilibrium position, the oscillation mode thereof is marked in Fig. 2(a), and the rotatable permanent magnet 1 is in the order of 1234 under the action of the alternating magnetic field 9.
  • Do a periodic swing By adjusting the magnitude of the DC bias magnetic field (by adjusting the distance between the fixed permanent magnet and the rotatable permanent magnet or the size of the fixed permanent magnet or the magnetization of the fixed permanent magnet), the rotatable permanent magnet can reach resonance under power frequency conditions. State, at this time the amplitude of the swing reaches a maximum.
  • the typical frequency response of the device exhibits a nonlinear characteristic as shown in Fig. 1(a).
  • the moving magnetic field generated when the rotatable permanent magnet 1 oscillates in a resonant state induces electrical energy in the surrounding coil 3 sufficient to support the normal operation of the sensing node, and due to the nonlinear frequency response, the energy harvesting device has an extremely wide frequency band.
  • the current-carrying wire configuration is constrained to be: when the current-carrying wire is configured, the wire must be disposed in a central section of the energy harvesting device along the y-axis, that is, the wire must be disposed in In the xz cross section of Figure 2(b).
  • At least one of the shafts and the plurality of bearing fixing members are non-magnetically permeable materials, and the fixing frame 4 is made of a material that is neither magnetically conductive nor electrically conductive to suppress the eddy current effect.
  • the shaft 2, the bearing fixture 7 and the fixed frame 4 are both non-magnetic materials, wherein the fixing frame 4 is made of a material that is neither magnetically conductive nor electrically conductive in order to suppress the eddy current effect.
  • the rotatable permanent magnet 1 is made of a conventional material (magnetic material such as neodymium iron boron or samarium cobalt), and the magnetization direction is along the x-axis in FIG. 2; the shaft 2 is customized by a finishing process using a non-magnetic material ( Made of aluminum, copper, etc.; the surrounding coil is a conventional product which can be spirally wound with a high-conductivity wire such as an enameled wire or a silver wire.
  • a conventional material magnet such as neodymium iron boron or samarium cobalt
  • the magnetization direction is along the x-axis in FIG. 2
  • the shaft 2 is customized by a finishing process using a non-magnetic material ( Made of aluminum, copper, etc.
  • the surrounding coil is a conventional product which can be spirally wound with a high-conductivity wire such as an enameled wire or a silver wire.
  • the fixing frame 4 is customized by a finishing process and uses a conventional non-conductive and non-magnetic material (organic Made of glass, polyoxymethylene, etc.; the fixed permanent magnet 5 is a conventional product, and is made of a magnetic material such as neodymium iron boron; the bearing 6 is a conventional product and is made of a material such as steel or ceramic; the bearing fixing member 7 Customized by the finishing process, made of non-magnetic materials (plexiglass, polyoxymethylene, aluminum, copper, etc.).
  • a conventional non-conductive and non-magnetic material organic Made of glass, polyoxymethylene, etc.
  • the fixed permanent magnet 5 is a conventional product, and is made of a magnetic material such as neodymium iron boron
  • the bearing 6 is a conventional product and is made of a material such as steel or ceramic
  • the bearing fixing member 7 Customized by the finishing process, made of non-magnetic materials (plexiglass, polyoxymethylene, aluminum, copper, etc.).
  • the method for preparing the rotating unit comprises: forming the rotatable permanent magnet shown by a sintering or bonding process, before the rotatable permanent magnet is electroplated and magnetized, in the rotatable permanent magnet Holes of the same size are placed at the center of the upper and lower bottom surfaces; if the center hole of the rotatable permanent magnet passes through, a shaft is formed, and the outer diameter of the middle portion of the shaft is consistent with the inner diameter of the hole, and the center hole of the rotatable permanent magnet is tightly crimped.
  • Rotating permanent magnets are fabricated by a conventional sintering or bonding process, and the rotatable permanent magnets can be selected from cubes or other axisymmetric shapes such as cylinders.
  • the holes of the same size are punched at the center of the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the rotatable permanent magnet, and the holes may be selectively penetrated or may not be penetrated (Fig. 2 is a case where the holes are penetrated).
  • the holes on the upper and lower surfaces must be strictly coaxial and located at the center of the upper and lower surfaces of the rotatable permanent magnet.
  • the perforated permanent magnet is plated and magnetized after punching. The magnetization direction is shown in Figure 2;
  • the shaft can be selected by the finishing process, and the outer diameter of the middle section of the shaft is consistent with the inner diameter of the hole, and the crimping mode is closely matched with the center hole of the rotatable permanent magnet. .
  • the outer diameters of the two end sections of the shaft are consistent with the inner ring size of the bearing, and are tightly fitted to the inner rings of the two bearings by crimping. If the center hole of the rotatable permanent magnet is not penetrated, only two shafts can be made by the finishing process, and the outer diameter of one end of the shaft is consistent with the inner diameter of the hole, and the crimping manner is closely matched with the center hole of the rotatable permanent magnet.
  • the outer diameter of the other end of the shaft is consistent with the inner ring size of the bearing, and is tightly matched with the inner ring of the two bearings by crimping;
  • bearing fixing members are manufactured by the finishing process, and the bearing fixing members can be directly fabricated on the fixed frame or separately (Fig. 2 is a case of separate production).
  • the outer dimension of the bearing fixing member is smaller than the inner square through hole width of the fixed frame, and the inner diameter of the bearing fixing member is consistent with the outer diameter of the outer ring of the bearing, and the two bearing fixing members are closely matched with the bearings at both ends by crimping.
  • the method for preparing the fixing frame comprises: punching a square hole in a center of the square non-conductive non-magnetic material, and milling a step in a middle portion of the fixing frame along a middle direction of the square hole through direction And chamfering the outer contour of the fixed frame; if the bearing fixing member is separately manufactured, the rotating unit obtained by crimping the two bearing fixing members and the bearing is crimped into the center of the square through hole of the fixing frame If the bearing fixing member is directly formed on the fixing frame, a circular through hole is formed in the center of the upper and lower bottom surfaces in a direction perpendicular to the square through hole on the fixing frame, and the inner diameter of the circular through hole and the outer diameter of the bearing outer ring are maintained. Consistently, after the rotatable permanent magnets with bearings on both ends are placed in the center of the square through hole of the fixed frame, the two ends of the bearing are pressed into the circular through holes of the upper and lower bottom surfaces by crimp
  • the manufacturing of the fixing frame comprises: punching a square hole in the center of the square non-conductive non-magnetic material, and milling the step shown in FIG. 2 along the middle portion of the fixing frame in the direction of the through hole of the square hole. Chamfer the outer contour of the fixed frame. If the bearing fixing member is made by a separate manufacturing method, the rotating unit obtained by crimping the two bearing fixing members and the bearing is required to be crimped into the center of the square through hole of the fixing frame.
  • a circular through hole is formed in the center of the upper and lower bottom surfaces in a direction perpendicular to the square through hole on the fixing frame, and the inner diameter of the circular through hole needs to be kept with the outer diameter of the outer ring of the bearing. Consistently, after the rotatable permanent magnets with bearings on both ends are placed in the center of the square through hole of the fixed frame, the two ends of the bearing are pressed into the circular through holes of the upper and lower bottom surfaces by crimping.
  • the fixed permanent magnets are respectively fixed on the casings or supports on both sides of the fixed frame in the manner as shown in FIG.
  • the winding method of the surrounding coil includes: a plurality of sets of surrounding coils are respectively wound on the fixed frame in a grouping manner by layers or in a y-direction grouping manner, and each group is connected in series or in parallel. connection.
  • the number of winding layers surrounding the coil, the number of windings per layer, the diameter of the coil, and the material of the coil are all adjustable.
  • winding the surrounding coil comprises: wrapping the surrounding coil on the fixed frame in a manner as shown in FIG. 2, and the surrounding coils can be respectively wound on the fixed frame in groups, and each group can be connected in series or in parallel. When grouping, they can be grouped by layer or grouped along the y direction as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the number of winding layers surrounding the coil, the number of windings per layer, the diameter of the coil, and the material of the coil are all adjustable.
  • the nonlinear resonant magnetic field energy harvesting device based on the electromagnetic induction principle of the embodiment of the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the device configuration of the embodiment of the present invention is flexible, and is different from the traditional current transformer.
  • the embodiment of the invention does not need to be configured around the wire, can be used away from the current-carrying wire, and has the advantages of convenient installation and maintenance;
  • the core components are universal permanent magnets, ordinary bearings and enameled wires, all of which are common materials
  • the fixed frame, the shaft and the bearing fixing member are made by using a common non-conductive non-magnetic material by a finishing process.
  • the shape of the device according to the embodiment of the present invention depends on the size of the fixed frame, and the device has the advantages of small volume and low cost, and is highly resistant to harsh environments and bad weather under the protection of the fixed frame;
  • the device of the embodiment of the present invention has a resonance characteristic, it has a single resonance peak only at 50 Hz, and the output voltage amplitude is extremely small when it is far from the resonance frequency. Therefore, the device of the present invention is extremely resistant to high-frequency transient inrush current, and the frequency of the transient inrush current in the power system is usually kHz, compared with the current transformer and the capacitive voltage divider, the secondary side of the device of the present invention. No complicated protection measures need to be installed.
  • the embodiment of the present invention has a nonlinear frequency response characteristic, as shown in FIG. 1(a), and has a linear frequency response (as shown in FIG. 1(b), in the linear frequency response, the output amplitude near the resonant frequency follows The applied magnetic field frequency deviates rapidly from the resonant frequency.
  • the nonlinear frequency response has an extremely wide frequency band around the resonant frequency.
  • the device of the embodiment of the present invention is robust to grid frequency fluctuations in actual situations.
  • the nonlinear resonant magnetic field energy harvesting device based on the principle of electromagnetic induction according to the embodiment of the present invention, during operation, the rotatable permanent magnet is driven by the external magnetic field generated by the current carrying wire to swing around the equilibrium position, and is surrounded by the coil.
  • the medium senses the generation of electric energy.
  • the device can fully utilize the torque mode coupling between the magnetic field generated by the current-carrying wire and the magnetic moment of the permanent magnet for energy harvesting and has Nonlinear resonant frequency response, so the device has the advantages of high power density, wide frequency band, high reliability, non-intrusive and low cost, and can better adapt to the application requirements of magnetic field energy collection around the wire, and can realize reliable supply of sensing device. can.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.
  • features defining “first” and “second” may include at least one of the features, either explicitly or implicitly.
  • the meaning of "a plurality” is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
  • the terms “installation”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and the like shall be understood broadly, and may be either a fixed connection or a detachable connection, unless explicitly stated and defined otherwise. , or integrated; can be mechanical or electrical connection; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction of two elements, unless otherwise specified Limited.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood on a case-by-case basis.
  • the first feature "on” or “under” the second feature may be a direct contact of the first and second features, or the first and second features may be indirectly through an intermediate medium, unless otherwise explicitly stated and defined. contact.
  • the first feature "above”, “above” and “above” the second feature may be that the first feature is directly above or above the second feature, or merely that the first feature level is higher than the second feature.
  • the first feature “below”, “below” and “below” the second feature may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or merely that the first feature level is less than the second feature.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于电磁感应原理的非线性谐振式磁场能量采集装置，包括：固定框架；旋转单元，包括可旋转永磁体和至少一个轴；至少一组环绕线圈；至少一个固定永磁体，将可旋转永磁体约束在平衡位置，工作时，可旋转永磁体受载流导线产生的磁场作用围绕平衡位置作周期性摆动，其摆动时产生的运动磁场在至少一组环绕线圈中可感应出足以支撑传感节点正常工作的电能，通过调节直流偏置磁场的大小，使得可旋转永磁体在工频条件下达谐振状态，该谐振状态具有非线性特性。该采集装置具有高功率密度、宽频带、高可靠性、非侵入式和低成本等优点，更能适应导线周围磁场能量采集的应用需求，可实现传感装置的可靠供能。

Description

基于电磁感应原理的非线性谐振式磁场能量采集装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求清华大学于2017年06月27日提交的、发明名称为“基于电磁感应原理的非线性谐振式磁场能量采集装置”的、中国专利申请号“201710500775.9”的优先权。
技术领域
本发明涉及能量采集技术领域，特别涉及一种基于电磁感应原理的非线性谐振式磁场能量采集装置。
背景技术
新型智能电网以坚强、自愈、兼容、经济、集成、优化为其主要特征，对故障检测定位技术、电网动态评估技术、广域监测技术、高速实时通信技术和大数据获取分析等技术提出了新的要求。无线智能化传感节点作为支撑上述技术的基本单元对电网安全稳定运行、系统潮流优化调配、运行数据积累分析及其它新型智能电网应用起着至关重要的作用。
目前，考虑到新型智能电网需求及传感节点安装和维护的难度，无线智能化传感节点需具备以下特点：自供能、长使用寿命、高性能及稳定性、高集成度、廉价、可远距离无线通讯、非侵入式配置。无线传感节点通常由传感模块、无线通讯模块及供能模块组成。随着新材料的运用、微加工技术的发展和前沿物理研究的实用化，传感技术和无线通讯技术迅猛发展，新型传感器的性能、可靠性、集成度、性价比、使用寿命等指标被极大地提高。但与之相匹配的长寿命、高可靠性和非侵入式的供能技术却发展迟缓。供能手段的缺乏也成为限制智能化无线传感节点发展的主要瓶颈。
相关技术中，为解决无线传感节点的供能问题，人们将目光投向环境能量采集技术。通过对环境中的风、光、热、电、磁和振动等能量进行收集为新型传感器供电。其中，除工频电场磁场能量外，其它能量形式均不稳定，需配套电池等储能元件方能稳定工作。考虑到电池有限的使用寿命、传感节点数量及维护难度，需要配合电池使用的其它能量形式的能量采集技术难以契合智能电网监测的实际需要。传统传感器供能方式包括电容分压器母线取能和CT母线取能。两种供能方式虽然充分地利用了输电系统周围广泛弥散且非常稳定的工频电场、磁场能量，但它们也有着难以克服的固有缺点。其中，电容分压器母线 取能方式具有低功率密度和侵入式能量采集的缺点；而CT母线取能方式具有安装不便(需环绕导线配置)和暂态大电流下易损坏等缺点。
因此，无线传感节点的供能技术仍然是开放式热点议题。非侵入、小型化、高功率密度、可靠稳定、低成本的先进传感器供能技术亟待研究。
发明内容
本申请是基于发明人对以下问题的认识和发现作出的：
相比于以CT母线取能为代表的非谐振式能量采集方式(输出与输入成正比)，谐振式能量采集方式对高频暂态电流有很强的抵抗力。谐振式能量采集方式包括线性谐振式和非线性谐振式能量采集。其中，非线性谐振式能量采集方式具有更高的功率密度和更宽的带宽(典型的非线性谐振式和谐振式能量采集方式的频响曲线示意图如图1所示)，能够更好的适应电网电流的幅值和频率波动。因此，非线性谐振式能量采集装置能够很好的适应智能电网无线传感节点的供能需求。
本发明旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。
为此，本发明的目的在于提出一种基于电磁感应原理的非线性谐振式磁场能量采集装置，该装置可以更能适应导线周围磁场能量采集的应用需求，可实现传感装置的可靠供能。
为达到上述目的，本发明一方面实施例提出了一种基于电磁感应原理的非线性谐振式磁场能量采集装置，包括：固定框架；旋转单元，所述旋转单元嵌入所述固定框架中，所述旋转单元包括可旋转永磁体和至少一个轴；至少一组环绕线圈，所述至少一组环绕线圈缠绕在所述固定框架上；至少一个固定永磁体，所述可转动部件静态时，受所述至少一个固定永磁体产生的直流偏置磁场约束稳定在所述平衡位置，并且所述旋转单元工作时，受载流导线产生的磁场作用围绕所述平衡位置作周期性摆动，通过调节所述直流偏置磁场的大小，所述可旋转永磁体在工频条件下可达谐振状态，谐振状态下，摆动幅度达最大值，并且摆动时产生的运动磁场在所述至少一组环绕线圈中可感应出足以支撑传感节点正常工作的电能，且由于具有非线性频率响应，能量采集装置具有极宽频带。
本发明实施例的基于电磁感应原理的非线性谐振式磁场能量采集装置，在工作时，可旋转永磁体受载流导线产生的交流外磁场驱动围绕平衡位置做大幅摆动，并在环绕线圈中感生出电能，由于采用可旋转永磁体结构且引入偏置磁场作为非线性磁弹簧，装置可充分利用载流导线产生的磁场与永磁体磁矩之间的力矩模式耦合作用进行能量采集并且具有非线性谐振式频率响应，因而装置具有高功率密度、宽频带、高可靠性、非侵入式和低成本 等优点，更能适应导线周围磁场能量采集的应用需求，可实现传感装置的可靠供能。
另外，根据本发明上述实施例的基于电磁感应原理的非线性谐振式磁场能量采集装置还可以具有以下附加的技术特征：
进一步地，在本发明的一个实施例中，由于所述至少一个固定永磁体中固定永磁体提供的所述直流偏置磁场作用在所述可旋转永磁体上的力矩随转动角度呈非线性变化，使得所述能量采集装置的典型频率响应呈非线性特性。
进一步地，在本发明的一个实施例中，所述载流导线配置的约束条件有：载流导线配置时，导线须配置在所述能量采集装置沿y轴的中心截面中。
进一步地，在本发明的一个实施例中，所述旋转单元还包括：多个轴承固定件和多个轴承，所述可旋转永磁体、所述至少一个轴和所述多个轴承的内环为可转动部件，所述多个轴承固定件和所述多个轴承的外环为固定部件，其中，所述至少一个轴为一个或两个，所述多个轴承固定件和所述多个轴承均为两个。
进一步地，在本发明的一个实施例中，所述至少一个固定永磁体为一个或两个。
进一步地，在本发明的一个实施例中，所述至少一个轴、所述多个轴承固定件均为非导磁材料，所述固定框架采用既不导磁也不导电材料制成，以抑制涡流效应。
进一步地，在本发明的一个实施例中，旋转单元的制备方法包括：采用烧结或粘接工艺制作所示可旋转永磁体，在所述可旋转永磁体电镀并充磁前，在所述可旋转永磁体的上下底面中心位置打尺寸相同的孔；若所述可旋转永磁体中心孔贯通，则制作一个轴，所述轴中间区段的外径与所述孔的内径保持一致，以压接方式和所述可旋转永磁体中心孔紧密配合；若所述可旋转永磁体中心孔未贯通，则制作两个轴，所述两个轴的一端的外径与所述孔的内径保持一致，以所述压接方式和所述可旋转永磁体的中心孔紧密配合，所述两个轴的另一端的外径与轴承内环尺寸保持一致，以所述压接方式和所述轴承的内环紧密配合；制作两个轴承固定件，所述两个轴承固定件的外尺寸宽度小于所述固定框架的内部方形通孔宽度，所述两个轴承固定件的内径与轴承外环的外径保持一致，所述两轴承固定件以压接方式分别和两端轴承进行紧密配合。
进一步地，在本发明的一个实施例中，所述固定框架的制备方法包括：在方形非导电非导磁材料的中心打贯通方孔，在所述固定框架的外侧沿方孔贯通方向的中间部分铣出台阶，并对所述固定框架外轮廓进行倒角；若采用单独制作方式制作所述轴承固定件，则将所述两轴承固定件与所述轴承压接配合后得到的所述旋转单元以压接方式装入所述固定框架方形通孔的中心；若所述轴承固定件直接制作在所述固定框架上，则在所述固定框架上 沿垂直于方形通孔的方向在上下底面的中心打圆形通孔，所述圆形通孔的内径与所述轴承外环的外径保持一致，在两端压有轴承的所述可旋转永磁体放入所述固定框架方形通孔中心后，轴承两端采用压接方式分别压入上下底面的圆形通孔中。
进一步地，在本发明的一个实施例中，所述环绕线圈的缠绕方法包括：所述多组环绕线圈按层的分组方式或沿y方向分组方式分别缠绕在所述固定框架上，每组之间以串联或并联方式连接。
进一步地，在本发明的一个实施例中，环绕线圈的缠绕层数、每层缠绕匝数、线圈直径、线圈材料均可调。
本发明附加的方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。
附图说明
本发明上述的和/或附加的方面和优点从下面结合附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1为根据本发明一个实施例的典型非线性频响曲线图(左)和其它线性频响曲线图(右)的对比示意图；
图2为根据本发明一个实施例的基于电磁感应原理的非线性谐振式磁场能量采集装置的结构示意图。
附图标记：
1-可旋转永磁体、2-轴、3-环绕线圈、4-固定框架、5-固定永磁体、6-轴承、7-轴承固定件、8-直流偏置磁场、9-载流导线产生交流偏置磁场。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
下面参照附图描述根据本发明实施例提出的基于电磁感应原理的非线性谐振式磁场能量采集装置。
图2是本发明一个实施例的基于电磁感应原理的非线性谐振式磁场能量采集装置的结构示意图。
如图2所示，该基于电磁感应原理的非线性谐振式磁场能量采集装置包括：可旋转永磁体1、至少一个轴(如轴2所示)、至少一组环绕线圈(如环绕线圈3所示)、 固定框架4、至少一个固定永磁体(如固定永磁体5所示)。
可选地，在本发明的一个实施例中，旋转单元还包括：多个轴承固定件和多个轴承。其中，可旋转永磁体、至少一个轴和多个轴承的内环为可转动部件，多个轴承固定件和多个轴承的外环为固定部件。
可以理解的是，本发明实施例的采集装置还包括：多个轴承(如轴承6所示)和多个轴承固定件(如轴承固定件7所示)。需要说明的是，虽然以下实施例以具有轴承和轴承固定件为例，但是本领域技术人员应当理解的是，任何能量采集装置也可以没有轴承和轴承固定件，只需通过类似的方式进行配置即可，在此不做详细赘述。
具体地，图2(a)为装置俯视剖面图，图2(b)为装置主视剖面图，其中，旋转单元嵌入固定框架4中，旋转单元包括可旋转永磁体1、至少一个轴、多个轴承固定件和多个轴承，其中，可旋转永磁体1、至少一个轴和多个轴承的内环为可转动部件，多个轴承固定件和多个轴承的外环为固定部件。至少一组环绕线圈缠绕在固定框架4上。可转动部件静态时，受至少一个固定永磁体产生的直流偏置磁场8约束稳定在平衡位置，并且可转动部件工作时，受载流导线产生的磁场9作用围绕所述平衡位置作周期性摆动，通过调节直流偏置磁场8的大小，可旋转永磁体1在工频条件下可达谐振状态。谐振状态下，摆动幅度达最大值，并且摆动时产生的运动磁场在至少一组环绕线圈3中可感应出足以支撑传感节点正常工作的电能，且由于具有非线性频率响应，能量采集装置具有极宽频带。本发明实施例的装置具有高功率密度、宽频带、高可靠性、非侵入式和低成本等优点，更能适应导线周围磁场能量采集的应用需求，可实现传感装置的可靠供能。
进一步地，在本发明的一个实施例中，至少一个轴可以为一个或两个，多个轴承固定件和多个轴承均可以为两个，至少一个固定永磁体可以为一个或两个，即可以是一个，也可以如图中所示在两侧都有，但其实是只要一侧有固定永磁体，就可以为旋转永磁体提供直流偏置磁场。例如，装置可以包括1个可旋转永磁体、1个或2个轴、1组或多组环绕线圈、1个固定框架、2个固定永磁体、2个轴承和2个轴承固定件，在此不作具体限制。
可以理解的是，如图2所示，本发明实施例的基于电磁感应原理的非线性谐振式磁场能量采集装置，包括：可旋转永磁体1、轴2、环绕线圈3、固定框架4、固定永磁体5、轴承6和轴承固定件7。其中，可旋转永磁体1、轴2、轴承固定件7和轴承6共同组成旋转单元，旋转单元嵌入固定框架4中，环绕线圈3缠绕在固定框架4上。 固定永磁体5提供偏置磁场8，将可旋转永磁体1约束在平衡位置。本发明实施例的装置在工作时，可旋转永磁体1受载流导线产生的交流偏置磁场9驱动围绕平衡位置做大幅摆动，并在环绕线圈中感生出电能。
举例而言，如图2所示，可旋转永磁体1、轴2、轴承6和轴承固定件7共同组成旋转单元。可旋转永磁体1的中心有圆柱形孔，轴2穿过可旋转永磁体1的中心孔并与可旋转永磁体1紧密压接配合。轴两端分别与两个轴承6的内环紧密压接配合。两个轴承6的外环分别与两个轴承固定件7紧密压接配合。所述固定框架4外形(xz剖面)尺寸为方形，中间有方形通孔，固定框架4两端(沿y轴)有方形台阶，固定框架4外尺寸边缘圆弧形倒角。环绕线圈3均匀缠绕在固定框架4外部台阶的下方。旋转单元与固定框架4的内部方形通孔紧密压接配合。压接后，装置xy剖面中，轴2的中心位于固定框架4内部方形通孔的正中心。固定永磁体5固定在固定框架4沿x轴的两侧。
进一步地，在本发明的一个实施例中，由于至少一个固定永磁体中固定永磁体5提供的直流偏置磁场8作用在可旋转永磁体1上的力矩随转动角度呈非线性变化，使得能量采集装置的典型频率响应呈非线性特性。
可以理解的是，由于固定永磁体5提供的直流偏置磁场8作用在可旋转永磁体1上的力矩随转动角度呈非线性变化，因此装置典型频率响应呈现如图1(a)所示的非线性特性。可旋转永磁体1在谐振状态下摆动时产生的运动磁场在环绕线圈中感应出足以支撑传感节点正常工作的电能，且由于具有非线性频率响应，能量采集装置具有极宽频带。
具体而言，装置在工作时，可旋转永磁体1、轴2和轴承6的内环为可转动部件，装置其它部分均为固定部件。固定永磁体5为旋转单元提供直流偏置磁场8，在直流偏置磁场8的作用下，可旋转永磁体1的平衡位置如图2所示。为能量采集装置提供磁场能量的载流导线配置时，导线须配置在能量采集装置沿y轴的中心截面中，即，导线须配置在图2(b)的xz横截面中。载流导线产生的交流磁场9的方向沿y方向穿过固定框架4的中心通孔。在交流磁场9的驱动下，可旋转永磁体1围绕平衡位置作周期性摆动，其摆动模式在图2(a)中被标出，可旋转永磁体1在交流磁场9作用下按照①②③④的顺序做周期性摆动。通过调节直流偏置磁场大小(通过调节固定永磁体与可旋转永磁体之间的距离或固定永磁体的大小或固定永磁体的磁化强度实现)，可旋转永磁体在工频条件下可达谐振状态，此时摆动幅度达最大值。由于固定永磁体5提供的直流偏置磁场8作用在可旋转永磁体1上的力矩随转动角度呈非线性变化，因此装置典型频率响应呈现如图1(a)所示的非线性 特性。可旋转永磁体1在谐振状态下摆动时产生的运动磁场在环绕线圈3中感应出足以支撑传感节点正常工作的电能，且由于具有非线性频率响应，能量采集装置具有极宽频带。
进一步地，在本发明的一个实施例中，载流导线配置的约束条件为：载流导线配置时，导线须配置在所述能量采集装置沿y轴的中心截面中，即，导线须配置在图2(b)的xz横截面中。
进一步地，在本发明的一个实施例中，至少一个轴、多个轴承固定件均为非导磁材料，固定框架4采用既不导磁也不导电材料制成，以抑制涡流效应。
即言，轴2、轴承固定件7和固定框架4均为非导磁材料，其中，为抑制涡流效应，固定框架4采用既不导磁也不导电材料制成。
例如，可旋转永磁体1采用常规材料(钕铁硼或钐钴等磁性材料)订制制成，磁化方向沿图2中x轴；轴2通过精加工工艺订制，采用非导磁材料(铝、铜等)制成；环绕线圈为常规产品可用漆包线、银线等高电导率导线螺旋盘绕制成，固定框架4通过精加工工艺订制，采用常规非导电且非导磁的材料(有机玻璃、聚甲醛等)制成；固定永磁体5为常规产品，采用钕铁硼等磁性材料制成；所述轴承6为常规产品，采用钢或陶瓷等材料制成；所述轴承固定件7通过精加工工艺定制，采用非导磁材料(有机玻璃、聚甲醛、铝、铜等)制成。
下面对本发明实施例的装置的制备方法进行详细描述。
进一步地，在本发明的一个实施例中，旋转单元的制备方法包括：采用烧结或粘接工艺制作所示可旋转永磁体，在可旋转永磁体电镀并充磁前，在可旋转永磁体的上下底面中心位置打尺寸相同的孔；若可旋转永磁体中心孔贯通，则制作一个轴，轴中间区段的外径与孔的内径保持一致，以压接方式和可旋转永磁体中心孔紧密配合；若可旋转永磁体中心孔未贯通，则制作两个轴，两个轴的一端的外径与孔的内径保持一致，以压接方式和可旋转永磁体的中心孔紧密配合，两个轴的另一端的外径与轴承内环尺寸保持一致，以压接方式和轴承的内环紧密配合；制作两个轴承固定件，两个轴承固定件的外尺寸宽度小于固定框架的内部方形通孔宽度，两个轴承固定件的内径与轴承外环的外径保持一致，两轴承固定件以压接方式分别和两端轴承进行紧密配合。
可以理解的是，制备磁场能量采集装置的旋转单元包括：
(1)采用常规烧结或粘接工艺制作可旋转永磁体，可旋转永磁体可以选择立方体也可以选择圆柱体等其它轴对称形状。在可旋转永磁体电镀并充磁前，在可旋转永磁体的上下底面中心位置打尺寸相同的孔，孔可以选择贯通，也可选择不贯通(图2为孔贯通的情况)。 上下底面所打孔需保证严格同轴，且位于可旋转永磁体上下底面正中心。打孔后对可旋转永磁体电镀并充磁。充磁方向如图2所示；
(2)若可旋转永磁体中心孔贯通，则可选择采用精加工工艺制作一个轴，轴中间区段的外径与孔的内径保持一致，以压接方式和可旋转永磁体中心孔紧密配合。轴的两端区段的外径与轴承内环尺寸保持一致，以压接方式和两个轴承的内环紧密配合。若可旋转永磁体中心孔未贯通，则只能采用精加工工艺制作两个轴，轴的一端的外径与孔的内径保持一致，以压接方式和可旋转永磁体的中心孔紧密配合，轴的另一端的外径与轴承内环尺寸保持一致，以压接方式和两个轴承的内环紧密配合；
(3)采用精加工工艺制作两个轴承固定件，轴承固定件既可以直接制作在固定框架上，也可以单独制作(图2为单独制作的情况)。轴承固定件的外尺寸宽度需小于固定框架的内部方形通孔宽度，轴承固定件的内径与轴承外环的外径保持一致，两轴承固定件以压接方式分别和两端轴承进行紧密配合。
进一步地，在本发明的一个实施例中，固定框架的制备方法包括：在方形非导电非导磁材料的中心打贯通方孔，在固定框架的外侧沿方孔贯通方向的中间部分铣出台阶，并对固定框架外轮廓进行倒角；若采用单独制作方式制作轴承固定件，则将两轴承固定件与轴承压接配合后得到的旋转单元以压接方式装入固定框架方形通孔的中心；若轴承固定件直接制作在固定框架上，则在固定框架上沿垂直于方形通孔的方向在上下底面的中心打圆形通孔，圆形通孔的内径与轴承外环的外径保持一致，在两端压有轴承的可旋转永磁体放入固定框架方形通孔中心后，轴承两端采用压接方式分别压入上下底面的圆形通孔中。
可以理解的是，制作固定框架包括：在方形非导电非导磁材料的中心打贯通方孔，在固定框架的外侧沿方孔贯通方向的中间部分铣出如图2所示的台阶。对固定框架外轮廓进行倒角。若采用单独制作方式制作轴承固定件，则需将两轴承固定件与轴承压接配合后得到的旋转单元以压接方式装入固定框架方形通孔的中心。若轴承固定件直接制作在固定框架上，则在固定框架上沿垂直于方形通孔的方向在上下底面的中心打圆形通孔，圆形通孔的内径需与轴承外环的外径保持一致，在两端压有轴承的可旋转永磁体放入固定框架方形通孔中心后，轴承两端采用压接方式分别压入上下底面的圆形通孔中。固定永磁体按如图2所示的方式分别固定在固定框架两侧壳体或支撑物上。
进一步地，在本发明的一个实施例中，环绕线圈的缠绕方法包括：多组环绕线圈按层的分组方式或沿y方向分组方式分别缠绕在固定框架上，每组之间以串联或并联方式连接。
其中，在本发明的一个实施例中，环绕线圈的缠绕层数、每层缠绕匝数、线圈直径、 线圈材料均可调。
可以理解的是，缠绕环绕线圈包括：环绕线圈以如图2所示的方式缠绕在固定框架上，环绕线圈可以分组方式分别缠绕在固定框架上，每组之间可以串联或并联方式连接。分组时，既可以按层分组，也可沿如图2所示y方向分组。环绕线圈的缠绕层数、每层缠绕匝数、线圈直径、线圈材料均可调。
综上，本发明实施例的基于电磁感应原理的非线性谐振式磁场能量采集装置，具有以下优点：
1、本发明实施例的装置配置方式灵活，不同于传统电流互感器，本发明实施例无需环绕导线配置，可远离载流导线使用，具有安装维护方便等优点；
2、本发明实施例的装置制作时，核心部件采用通用永磁体、普通轴承和漆包线，均为普通材料，固定框架、轴和轴承固定件采用普通非导电非导磁材料利用精加工工艺制作，制作成本低廉，结构简单；
3、本发明实施例的装置工作时，可在工频条件下达到谐振，永磁体在谐振状态下围绕平衡位置作大角度摆动，此时装置具有极大输入功率，考虑到旋转单元中采用了轴承元件，装置机械效率得到保证。因此装置在谐振状态下具有极大输出功率(输出功率＝输入功率×效率)；
4、本发明实施例的装置的外形取决于固定框架大小，装置具有体积小，成本低的优点，且在固定框架保护下对外界严酷环境和恶劣天气具有很强抵抗力；
5、由于本发明实施例的装置具有谐振特性，仅在50Hz处具有单一谐振峰，远离谐振频率时输出电压幅值极小。因此本发明装置对高频暂态冲击电流具有极强的抵抗力，电力系统中暂态冲击电流的频率通常上kHz，和电流互感器和电容分压器相比，本发明装置的二次侧无需安装复杂的保护措施。同时，由于在本发明装置的输入磁场能和输出电能之间的转化过程中引入机械耦合(永磁体旋转)，由于中间环节的机械耦合的天然限幅作用，即便对于工频冲击电流，二次侧仍不会感应出过电压，装置对工频冲击电流具有极强的天然抵抗力；
6、本发明实施例具有非线性频率响应特性，如图1(a)所示，和线性频率响应不同(如图1(b)所示，线性频率响应中，谐振频率附近输出幅值随着外加磁场频率偏离谐振频率而快速降低)，非线性频率响应在谐振频率附近具有极宽频带，本发明实施例的装置在实际情况中对电网频率波动具有强鲁棒性。
根据本发明实施例提出的基于电磁感应原理的非线性谐振式磁场能量采集装置，在工 作时，可旋转永磁体受载流导线产生的交流外磁场驱动围绕平衡位置做大幅摆动，并在环绕线圈中感生出电能，由于采用可旋转永磁体结构且引入偏置磁场作为非线性磁弹簧，装置可充分利用载流导线产生的磁场与永磁体磁矩之间的力矩模式耦合作用进行能量采集并且具有非线性谐振式频率响应，因而装置具有高功率密度、宽频带、高可靠性、非侵入式和低成本等优点，更能适应导线周围磁场能量采集的应用需求，可实现传感装置的可靠供能。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一 个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于电磁感应原理的非线性谐振式磁场能量采集装置，其特征在于，包括：
    固定框架；
    旋转单元，所述旋转单元嵌入所述固定框架中，所述旋转单元包括可旋转永磁体和至少一个轴；
    至少一组环绕线圈，所述至少一组环绕线圈缠绕在所述固定框架上；
    至少一个固定永磁体，所述可转动部件静态时，受所述至少一个固定永磁体产生的直流偏置磁场约束稳定在所述平衡位置，并且所述旋转单元工作时，受载流导线产生的磁场作用围绕所述平衡位置作周期性摆动，通过调节所述直流偏置磁场的大小，所述可旋转永磁体在工频条件下可达谐振状态，谐振状态下，摆动幅度达最大值，并且摆动时产生的运动磁场在所述至少一组环绕线圈中可感应出足以支撑传感节点正常工作的电能，且由于具有非线性频率响应，能量采集装置具有极宽频带。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于电磁感应原理的非线性谐振式磁场能量采集装置，其特征在于，由于所述至少一个固定永磁体中固定永磁体提供的所述直流偏置磁场作用在所述可旋转永磁体上的力矩随转动角度呈非线性变化，使得所述能量采集装置的典型频率响应呈非线性特性。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的基于电磁感应原理的非线性谐振式磁场能量采集装置，其特征在于，所述载流导线配置的约束条件有：
    载流导线配置时，导线配置在所述能量采集装置沿y轴的中心截面中。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的基于电磁感应原理的非线性谐振式磁场能量采集装置，其特征在于，所述旋转单元还包括：
    多个轴承固定件和多个轴承，所述可旋转永磁体、所述至少一个轴和所述多个轴承的内环为可转动部件，所述多个轴承固定件和所述多个轴承的外环为固定部件，其中，所述至少一个轴为一个或两个，所述多个轴承固定件和所述多个轴承均为两个。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的基于电磁感应原理的非线性谐振式磁场能量采集装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个固定永磁体为一个或两个。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的基于电磁感应原理的非线性谐振式磁场能量采集装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个轴、所述多个轴承固定件均为非导磁材料，所述固定框架采用既不导磁也不导电材料制成，以抑制涡流效应。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的基于电磁感应原理的非线性谐振式磁场能量采集装置，其特征在于，旋转单元的制备方法包括：
    采用烧结或粘接工艺制作所示可旋转永磁体，在所述可旋转永磁体电镀并充磁前，在所述可旋转永磁体的上下底面中心位置打尺寸相同的孔；
    若所述可旋转永磁体中心孔贯通，则制作一个轴，所述轴中间区段的外径与所述孔的内径保持一致，以压接方式和所述可旋转永磁体中心孔紧密配合；若所述可旋转永磁体中心孔未贯通，则制作两个轴，所述两个轴的一端的外径与所述孔的内径保持一致，以所述压接方式和所述可旋转永磁体的中心孔紧密配合，所述两个轴的另一端的外径与轴承内环尺寸保持一致，以所述压接方式和所述轴承的内环紧密配合；
    制作两个轴承固定件，所述两个轴承固定件的外尺寸宽度小于所述固定框架的内部方形通孔宽度，所述两个轴承固定件的内径与轴承外环的外径保持一致，所述两轴承固定件以压接方式分别和两端轴承进行紧密配合。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的基于电磁感应原理的非线性谐振式磁场能量采集装置，其特征在于，所述固定框架的制备方法包括：
    在方形非导电非导磁材料的中心打贯通方孔，在所述固定框架的外侧沿方孔贯通方向的中间部分铣出台阶，并对所述固定框架外轮廓进行倒角；
    若采用单独制作方式制作所述轴承固定件，则将所述两轴承固定件与所述轴承压接配合后得到的所述旋转单元以压接方式装入所述固定框架方形通孔的中心；
    若所述轴承固定件直接制作在所述固定框架上，则在所述固定框架上沿垂直于方形通孔的方向在上下底面的中心打圆形通孔，所述圆形通孔的内径与所述轴承外环的外径保持一致，在两端压有轴承的所述可旋转永磁体放入所述固定框架方形通孔中心后，轴承两端采用压接方式分别压入上下底面的圆形通孔中。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的基于电磁感应原理的非线性谐振式磁场能量采集装置，其特征在于，所述环绕线圈的缠绕方法包括：
    所述多组环绕线圈按层的分组方式或沿y方向分组方式分别缠绕在所述固定框架上，每组之间以串联或并联方式连接。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的基于电磁感应原理的非线性谐振式磁场能量采集装置，其特征在于，环绕线圈的缠绕层数、每层缠绕匝数、线圈直径、线圈材料均可调。
PCT/CN2018/092247 2017-06-27 2018-06-21 基于电磁感应原理的非线性谐振式磁场能量采集装置 WO2019001343A1 (zh)

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