WO2018018515A1 - 通信方法、电缆调制解调器终端系统和电缆调制解调器 - Google Patents

通信方法、电缆调制解调器终端系统和电缆调制解调器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018018515A1
WO2018018515A1 PCT/CN2016/092116 CN2016092116W WO2018018515A1 WO 2018018515 A1 WO2018018515 A1 WO 2018018515A1 CN 2016092116 W CN2016092116 W CN 2016092116W WO 2018018515 A1 WO2018018515 A1 WO 2018018515A1
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Prior art keywords
cmts
signal
reference signal
time period
frequency spectrum
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PCT/CN2016/092116
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
欧阳涛
张小龙
王凡
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to EP16910096.3A priority Critical patent/EP3454482B1/en
Priority to CN201680082081.1A priority patent/CN108713298B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2016/092116 priority patent/WO2018018515A1/zh
Publication of WO2018018515A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018018515A1/zh
Priority to US16/229,769 priority patent/US10938509B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0023—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the signalling
    • H04L1/0027—Scheduling of signalling, e.g. occurrence thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/02—Details
    • H04B3/32—Reducing cross-talk, e.g. by compensating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
    • H04B10/075—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
    • H04B10/079—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
    • H04B17/345—Interference values
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/02—Details
    • H04B3/20—Reducing echo effects or singing; Opening or closing transmitting path; Conditioning for transmission in one direction or the other
    • H04B3/23—Reducing echo effects or singing; Opening or closing transmitting path; Conditioning for transmission in one direction or the other using a replica of transmitted signal in the time domain, e.g. echo cancellers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/02—Details
    • H04B3/46—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B3/487—Testing crosstalk effects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/20—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received using signal quality detector
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
    • H04L25/0238—Channel estimation using blind estimation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0005—Time-frequency
    • H04L5/0007—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/14—Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex
    • H04L5/1438—Negotiation of transmission parameters prior to communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/14—Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex
    • H04L5/1461—Suppression of signals in the return path, i.e. bidirectional control circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B1/40—Circuits
    • H04B1/54—Circuits using the same frequency for two directions of communication
    • H04B1/56—Circuits using the same frequency for two directions of communication with provision for simultaneous communication in two directions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to a communication method, a Cable Modem Terminal System (CMTS), and a Cable Modem (CM).
  • CMTS Cable Modem Terminal System
  • CM Cable Modem
  • the communications field mainly includes Time Division Duplex (TDD), Frequency Division Duplex (FDD), and Co-time Co-frequency Full Duplex (CCFD).
  • TDD Time Division Duplex
  • FDD Frequency Division Duplex
  • CCFD Co-time Co-frequency Full Duplex
  • CCFD is implemented only on the CMTS side, and the CM side still maintains uplink and downlink FDD.
  • the CMTS side needs to perform self-interference cancellation to eliminate the self-interference of the downlink transmission signal to the uplink received signal.
  • the basic principle of self-interference cancellation is to use the transmitted signal as the input signal, and reconstruct the interference channel to generate an output signal; then the output signal is subtracted from the received signal to achieve the purpose of cancellation.
  • one possible implementation method is that the CMTS adopts the channel blind estimation method for self-interference cancellation; another possible implementation manner is that the CMTS uses random data to train the interference channel to reconstruct the interference signal, thereby achieving Offset purpose.
  • methods using channel blind estimation and self-interference cancellation using random data are more complicated.
  • the invention provides a communication method, a CMTS and a CM, which can reduce the complexity of the self-interference cancellation when the CMTS is in CCFD.
  • the present invention provides a communication method, including: a CMTS transmitting a reference signal through an effective carrier in a first frequency spectrum during a first time period, where the first time period is all CMs connected to the CMTS in the first a period in which no signal is transmitted in a spectrum; the CMTS performs channel interference estimation on a channel occupying the first spectrum used when the CMTS receives a signal according to an interference signal received by the CMTS in the first period,
  • the interference signal is a signal obtained by the reference signal sent by the CMTS through the channel; and the CMTS cancels the first signal received by the CMTS to the CMTS according to the result of the channel interference estimation.
  • Two signals Interference the first signal is a signal sent by the CMTS through a carrier in the first spectrum, and the second signal is sent by a first CM in all CMs by using a carrier in the first spectrum signal of.
  • the CMTS when the CMTS transmits the reference signal in the first frequency spectrum, the other CM does not transmit the signal in the first frequency spectrum, so the CMTS receives only the reference signal that is sent by itself and passes through the self-interference path. And because the reference signal is a known reference sequence, the CMTS can more easily perform channel interference estimation on the channel corresponding to the first spectrum according to the received reference signal, and train the channel response parameter of the interference path. Then, the CMTS uses the result of the channel interference estimation to cancel the interference of the downlink signal sent by the CMTS to the uplink signal sent by the CM, thereby reducing the complexity of performing self-interference cancellation.
  • the communication method further includes: the CMTS performing time domain interleaving with a depth of M for N consecutive unused carrier block symbols, and each of the N consecutive unused carrier block symbols
  • the unused carrier block symbols include NCP and FEC code words, M and N are integers greater than 0, N>M-1; the CMTS generates the reference signal, and the reference sequence corresponding to the reference signal is carried in the interlace After N+1-M symbols.
  • the CMTS generates a reference signal including NCP and FEC codeword structure symbols by time domain interleaving, so that the communication method of the embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the conventional DOCSIS 3.1.
  • the communication method further includes: the CMTS sending a ranging message to the first CM, instructing the first CM to perform time advance TA adjustment, so that the first CM is in the And transmitting the second signal after performing the TA adjustment.
  • the CMTS may instruct the CM to perform TA adjustment, so that the signal sent by the CM and the signal sent by the CMTS can be symbol-aligned, so that the symbol of the received signal and the interference signal of the CMTS can be synchronized.
  • the communication method further includes: the CMTS transmitting a reference signal by using a valid carrier in the second frequency spectrum in a second time period, where the second time period is that all the CMs are in the second a period in which no signal is transmitted in the spectrum; the CMTS transmits a reference signal through the effective carrier in the second spectrum in a third period, where the third period is a second CM in all the CMs through the second a period in which the effective carrier transmits a reference signal in the spectrum, and the other CM does not transmit a signal in the second spectrum, so that the third CM in the other CM is in the second period according to the third CM. Determining the reference signal received in the third period to determine the second CM to the location The information of the third CM occupying the channel of the second spectrum.
  • the communication method of the embodiment of the present invention enables the CM to measure information of channels corresponding to a certain spectrum between other CMs and the CM, thereby performing operations such as CM grouping or fault diagnosis according to the channel information.
  • the communications method further includes: the CMTS receiving information of the channel sent by the third CM.
  • the communication method further includes: the CMTS transmitting indication information indicating that the CMTS is to transmit a reference signal, quantity information of a carrier block symbol included in the reference signal to be sent, and The position information of the carrier block symbol included in the reference signal to be transmitted.
  • the CMTS may send the information of the next transmitted reference information to the CM, so that the CM can obtain the reference information in time and accurately according to the information of the reference information.
  • the communication method of the embodiment of the present invention enables the CM to measure information of channels corresponding to a certain spectrum between other CMs and the CM, thereby performing operations such as CM grouping or fault diagnosis according to the channel information.
  • the communications method further includes: the first CM sending information of the channel to the CMTS.
  • the CM sends information of the channel to the CMTS to facilitate operations such as grouping or fault diagnosis of the CM by the CMTS.
  • the present invention provides a communication method, including: a first CM generates a first reference signal; and the first CM sends the first reference signal by using an effective carrier in a first frequency spectrum in a first time period, where The first time period is that the CMTS connected to the first CM transmits a reference signal through the effective carrier in the first frequency spectrum, and all CMs other than the first CM in all CMs connected to the CMTS are in the A period in which no signal is transmitted in the first spectrum.
  • the communication method of the embodiment of the present invention enables the CM to measure information of channels corresponding to a certain spectrum between other CMs and the CM, thereby performing operations such as CM grouping or fault diagnosis according to the channel information.
  • the first CM generates a first reference signal, where: the first CM performs time domain interleaving with a depth of M for N consecutive unused carrier block symbols, the N consecutive Each unused carrier block symbol in the unused carrier block symbols includes an NCP and FEC codeword, M and N are integers greater than 0, N>M-1; the first CM generates the first reference signal, The reference sequence corresponding to the first reference signal is carried in the interleaved N+1-M symbols.
  • the CMTS generates a reference signal including NCP and FEC codeword structure symbols by time domain interleaving, so that the communication method of the embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the traditional DOCSIS 3.1.
  • the present invention provides a CMTS comprising means for performing the communication method of the first aspect.
  • the present invention provides a CM including a module for performing the communication method of the second aspect.
  • the present invention provides a CM including a module for performing the communication method of the third aspect.
  • the present invention provides a CMTS comprising a receiver, a transmitter, a processor and a memory, the memory for storing code, the processor for executing code in the memory, the receiver and The transmitter is used to communicate with other devices.
  • the processor invokes the receiver and transmitter to implement the method of the first aspect.
  • the present invention provides a CM including a receiver, a transmitter, a processor, and a memory, the memory for storing code, the processor for executing code in the memory, the receiver and The transmitter is used to communicate with other devices.
  • the processor invokes the receiver and transmitter to implement the method of the second aspect.
  • the present invention provides a CM including a receiver, a transmitter, a processor, and a memory, the memory for storing code, the processor for executing code in the memory, the receiver and The transmitter is used to communicate with other devices.
  • the processor invokes the receiver and transmitter to implement the method of the third aspect.
  • the invention provides a computer readable medium storing program code for execution by a CMTS, the program code comprising instructions for performing the method of the first aspect.
  • the present invention provides a computer readable medium storing program code for execution by a CM, the program code comprising instructions for performing the method of the second aspect.
  • the present invention provides a computer readable medium storing program code for execution by a CM, the program code comprising instructions for performing the method of the third aspect.
  • the present invention provides a cable communication system comprising the CMTS in the fourth aspect and the CM in the fifth aspect.
  • the present invention provides a cable communication system comprising the CMTS in the seventh aspect and the CM in the eighth aspect.
  • the present invention provides a cable communication system comprising the computer readable medium of the tenth aspect and the computer readable medium of the eleventh aspect.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a frame in a communication method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of time domain interleaving in a communication method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a CMTS according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a CM according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a CM according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a CMTS according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a CM according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of a CM according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a cable communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 For ease of understanding, an exemplary diagram of a system architecture of a cable network capable of implementing the communication method of the embodiment of the present invention is first described. It should be understood that the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the system architecture shown in FIG. 1.
  • the device in FIG. 1 may be hardware, or may be functionally divided software or a structure of the above two.
  • the system shown in FIG. 1 includes CMTS 110, CM 120, CM 130, CM 140, and CM 150. It should be noted that the number of CMTSs and CMs in Figure 1 should not be construed as limiting the invention.
  • the CMTS 110, CM 120, CM 130, CM 140, and CM 150 may conform to the Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifications (DOCSIS) 3.1.
  • DOCSIS Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifications
  • the CMTS is a device that manages and controls the CM. Its configuration can be completed through a console interface or an Ethernet interface.
  • the configuration contents include: downlink frequency, downlink modulation mode, and downlink level.
  • the downlink frequency can be arbitrarily set within the specified frequency range, but in order not to interfere with the signals of other channels, it should be selected at the specified frequency point by referring to the channel division table of the cable television.
  • the choice of modulation method should take into account the transmission quality of the channel.
  • DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol
  • the working mode of the CMTS 110 is CCFD.
  • the CMTS 110 can respectively transmit downlink signals using channels occupying D1 spectrum, D2 spectrum, and D3 spectrum, and can also receive channel transmissions occupying U1 spectrum, U2 spectrum, and U3 spectrum.
  • the D2 spectrum overlaps with the U2 spectrum
  • the D3 spectrum overlaps with the U3 spectrum. Therefore, the receiver of the CMTS 110 needs to perform self-interference cancellation to eliminate the self-interference of the downlink transmission signal to the uplink reception signal.
  • the CM 120, CM 130, CM 140, and CM 150 still maintain the uplink and downlink frequency division, that is, FDD.
  • the CM 120, the CM 130, the CM 140, and the CM 150 need to be grouped according to the mutual isolation. If the CM 120 and the CM 130 are the same group, the CM 120 and the CM 130 can use the channel occupying the U1 spectrum and the U3 spectrum to send uplink signals.
  • a downlink signal transmitted on a channel occupying the D1 spectrum and the D2 spectrum can be received.
  • the U1 spectrum, the U3 spectrum, the D1 spectrum, and the D2 spectrum do not overlap each other.
  • the self-interference time domain signal is random.
  • the channel blind estimation and adaptive filtering method are used to train the interference channel by using random data to reconstruct the interference signal and cancel the self-interference.
  • This self-interference cancellation method is complicated, especially for large bandwidth. Signals (such as the 192 MHz bandwidth per channel in DOCSIS 3.1) are difficult to achieve good cancellation.
  • the present invention proposes a communication method, which can reduce the complexity of the self-interference cancellation of the CMTS, and can have a better offset effect on the bandwidth signal.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that FIG. 2 illustrates steps or operations of the communication method, but these steps or operations are merely examples, and embodiments of the present invention may perform other operations or variations of the various operations in FIG. 2. Moreover, the various steps in FIG. 2 may be performed in a different order than that presented in FIG. 2, and it is possible that not all of FIG. 2 is to be performed. operating.
  • the CMTS sends the reference signal by using the effective carrier in the first frequency spectrum in the first time period, where the first time period is a period in which all CMs connected to the CMTS do not send signals in the first frequency spectrum.
  • the CMTS performs channel interference estimation on a channel occupying the first spectrum used by the CMTS receiving signal according to the interference signal received by the CMTS, and the interference signal is a signal obtained by the reference signal sent by the CMTS through the channel.
  • the CMTS when the CMTS transmits the reference signal, the other CMs do not send the signal, so the CMTS receives only the reference signal that is sent by itself and passes through the self-interference path. And because the reference signal is a known reference sequence, the CMTS can more easily perform channel interference estimation according to the received reference signal, and train the channel response parameter of the interference path. Then, the CMTS uses the result of the channel interference estimation to cancel the interference of the downlink signal sent by the CMTS to the uplink signal sent by the CM, thereby reducing the complexity of performing self-interference cancellation.
  • all CMs connected to the CMTS do not transmit signals in the first frequency spectrum during the first time period.
  • the reference signal may also be referred to as a Probe signal, and the first time period may also be referred to as a silent time slot or an empty Probe time period. Since the DOCSIS uplink already has a silent time slot or an empty Probe symbol, the time period during which the CMTS can control the Probe signal transmitted by the CMTS is located in the uplink quiet time slot or the empty Probe time period.
  • the effective carrier refers to a carrier that can be used to carry a signal (whether a data signal or a reference signal) in one channel, and the effective carrier is a relatively invalid carrier.
  • the invalid carrier is also called an excluded carrier (Excluded Subcarriers), and refers to a carrier that cannot carry any signal.
  • the carrier can be directly set to 0.
  • the “all” effective carrier may be utilized, that is, The Probe signal is transmitted on all carriers in the first spectrum, or the Probe signal can occupy the full spectrum of the channel. Since the interference channel is trained in the time domain, it is necessary to obtain a known time domain Probe signal, and the time domain signal is that all carriers pass the fast Fourier transform. (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform, IFFT) was obtained. If a carrier is random, the corresponding time domain signal is also indeterminate.
  • IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
  • the CMTS performs channel interference estimation on the channel occupying the first spectrum used by the CMTS received signal in the frequency domain according to the interference signal received by the CMTS in the first time period. Since the interference channel is trained in the frequency domain, training is performed on a per carrier basis. Certainly, because the channels corresponding to the adjacent carriers have similarities, the partially effective subcarriers may be used to carry the reference signals, and the remaining carriers that do not carry the reference signals may be obtained by interpolation using the channel estimation results of the bearer reference signal carriers.
  • the probe signal in the embodiment of the present invention may occupy the full spectrum of the channel, and the bearer signals of different carriers in the OFDM symbol of the Probe signal may all be known sequences.
  • the Probe signal in the embodiment of the present invention may be a signal that is improved by the current DOCSIS 3.1 downlink frame structure.
  • the Physical Layer Link Channel (PLC) occupies several consecutive subcarriers, and the PLC includes a PLC preamble and a PLC data.
  • Continuous pilots occupy a fixed continuous carrier, Scatter pilots occupy interlaced carriers, and the remaining carriers carry service data (Data). Both PLC Data and Service Data are randomly changed with the bearer information.
  • the improved DOCSIS 3.1 downlink frame may include an invalid carrier, a carrier for carrying PLC data, a carrier for carrying a PLC preamble, a carrier for carrying service data, a carrier for carrying a discrete pilot, and A carrier carrying a continuous pilot and a carrier for carrying a reference signal.
  • DOCSIS 3.1 itself has some known reference signals (such as continuous pilot signals, discrete pilot signals, and PLC preamble signals, there may be overlap with the new Probe signal part carrier, in order not to affect the DOCSIS 3.1 service function,
  • the overlapping part of the carrier can retain the original information.
  • the Data part carries the service information, its content is unknown, and the Probe needs to occupy part of the Data symbol.
  • the OFDM symbol occupied by the Probe needs to occupy the PLC Preamble.
  • the OFDM symbol positions overlap, thereby ensuring that the Probe signals are all known reference sequences.
  • the downlink of DOCSIS 3.1 has time domain interleaving. Therefore, before the CMTS or CM sends the Probe signal, it needs to form a Probe signal through time domain interleaving.
  • Each OFDM symbol before interleaving is composed of NCP and FEC code words.
  • NCP Next Codeword Pointer
  • FEC Forward Error Correction
  • a special NCP+FEC codeword can be constructed according to DOCSIS3.1 to ensure that it is formed after interleaving.
  • the Probe signal does not affect the CMTS or CM demodulation service signals in the legacy DOCSIS 3.1.
  • a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) corresponding to the NCP may also be generated, that is, the symbol before the interleaving may further include a CRC corresponding to the NCP.
  • CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
  • the entire OFDM symbol can be used as an unused subcarriers block before the interleaving, and does not carry service information, so that the CMTS or CM can normally demodulate after receiving the Probe signal.
  • the unused carrier block carries the pseudo-random BPSK sequence according to a certain rule, it belongs to a known sequence. By using a plurality of unused carrier block symbols, it is guaranteed that a complete Probe signal can still be formed after interleaving, and the Probe signal does not contain service information, so the Probe signal can be used as a reference signal for signal interference estimation.
  • N+M-1 unused carrier block symbols are required before interleaving. That is to say, N+M-1 unused carrier block symbols perform time domain interleaving with depth M, and a Probe signal including N symbols can be formed. Specifically, after N+M-1 unused carrier block symbols perform time domain interleaving with a depth of M, N+M-1 symbols are obtained, wherein the N symbols carry a reference sequence of the Probe signal.
  • one column represents one symbol
  • one row represents one carrier, that is, there are 10 symbols in (a) of FIG. 4, and there are 11 carriers.
  • the second symbol to the sixth symbol are the Probe symbols before the interleaving, and the carriers of the second symbol to the sixth symbol are unused carriers, so the second symbol to the sixth symbol are unused carriers. Block symbol.
  • the time domain interleaving depth is 4, so that the symbols in (a) of FIG. 4 are subjected to time domain interleaving to form symbols as shown in (b) of FIG.
  • the 5th and 6th symbols in (b) of Fig. 4 constitute the Probe signal.
  • the CMTS may transmit related information of the Probe signal to the CM, such as each Whether the Probe signal will appear in the PLC cycle (128 symbols), the number of symbols in the Probe signal and the position of the symbol in the Probe signal when the Probe signal appears.
  • the 1 bit reserved in the NCP may be used to indicate that the symbol is used to assemble a Probe signal, where the carrier corresponding to the symbol may carry a pseudo random sequence through the scrambling code.
  • the frequency domain self-interference cancellation algorithm when implementing CCFD (such as based on DOCSIS 3.1), if the spectrum of the uplink and downlink signals is wider, the frequency domain self-interference cancellation algorithm is simpler and has better performance than the time domain self-interference cancellation algorithm.
  • the frequency domain self-interference cancellation needs to ensure that the uplink signal and the interference signal symbol received by the CMTS are synchronized, that is, the uplink and downlink signals have the same symbol period, and in the CMTS, the symbol boundaries need to be aligned. Therefore, it is necessary to detect the symbol boundary of the interference signal by using the downlink Probe signal in the time domain, and measure the difference between the symbol in the interference signal and the symbol boundary in the uplink signal.
  • the CMTS may send a Ranging Response to the CM to instruct the CM to perform TA (Time Advance) adjustment. In this way, the CMTS can receive the uplink signal sent by the CM for TA adjustment.
  • a communication method is further provided to detect channel information between CMs, so that the CMTS can perform channel information according to CM (such as isolation between CM, micro-reflection, group delay, etc.). Grouping of CM or troubleshooting of the entire network.
  • the CMTS transmits the reference signal through the effective carrier in the second frequency spectrum in the second time period, and in the second time period, only the CMTS transmits the reference signal in the second frequency spectrum. All CMs connected to the CMTS do not transmit signals in the second spectrum; then the CMTS retransmits the reference signals through the effective carriers in the second spectrum during the third period, and all the CMTSs are connected except for the CMTS transmission signals in the third period.
  • CM Only one CM (referred to as the second CM for convenience of description) transmits the reference signal through the active carrier in the second spectrum, while the other CM does not transmit the signal in the second spectrum.
  • the reference signal may be generated as the CMTS generates the Probe signal, and then sent.
  • one CM in the CM receives only the reference signal transmitted by the CMTS through the active carrier in the second spectrum during the first time period; then the third CM is in the first The second period receives the reference signal that the CMTS retransmits through the effective carrier in the second spectrum and the reference signal that is sent by the second CM through the effective carrier in the second spectrum; finally, the third CM may according to itself in the second period and the third period All signals received determine the characteristic information of the second CM to its own channel.
  • the above steps only acquire the feature information of the channel occupying the second spectrum between one CM and another CM. Repeating the above steps may enable each CM of all CMs to acquire the feature information of other CMs to its own channel.
  • the CM may send the characteristic information of the channel to the CMTS, and then the CMTS may reasonably group the CMs according to the channel information.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates steps or operations of the communication method, but these steps or operations are merely examples, and embodiments of the present invention may perform other operations or variations of the various operations in FIG. 5. Moreover, the various steps in FIG. 5 may be performed in a different order than that presented in FIG. 5, and it is possible that not all operations in FIG. 5 are to be performed.
  • the CMTS sends the reference signal by using an effective carrier in the second spectrum.
  • all CMs do not send any signals in the second spectrum.
  • the CM1 receives the CMTS to transmit the reference signal through the active carrier in the second spectrum.
  • other CMs may also receive the reference signal.
  • CMTS sends the reference signal again through the effective carrier in the second spectrum
  • CM2 also sends the reference signal through the effective carrier in the second spectrum.
  • CM1 receives signals in the second frequency spectrum during the second time period.
  • other CMs can also receive these reference signals.
  • the CM1 can not only receive the CMTS to transmit the reference signal through the effective carrier in the second spectrum, but also receive the CM2 to transmit the reference signal through the effective carrier in the second spectrum.
  • the CM1 sends the acquired feature information of the channel of the CM2 to the CM1 occupying the second spectrum to the CMTS. Accordingly, the CMTS receives the feature information of the channel of the CM2 to CM1 occupying the second spectrum.
  • the CMTS can acquire characteristic information of a channel occupying a certain spectrum of each of the plurality of CMs connected thereto to another CM.
  • the CMTS can group these CMs according to the characteristic information of the channels between the CMs, or perform operations such as network fault diagnosis.
  • CMTS and CM in the communication method of the embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to Figs.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a CMTS 600 according to an embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the CMTS shown in FIG. 6 is only an example, and the CMTS of the embodiment of the present invention may further include other modules or units, or include modules similar to those of the respective modules in FIG. 6, or not including the FIG. All modules.
  • the sending module 610 is configured to send, by using a valid carrier in the first frequency spectrum, a reference signal in a first time period, where the first time period is that all cable modems CM connected to the CMTS do not send signals in the first frequency spectrum. Time period.
  • the estimation module 620 is configured to perform channel interference estimation on a channel occupying the first spectrum used when the CMTS receives a signal according to the interference signal received by the CMTS in the first time period, where the interference signal is sent by the CMTS The signal obtained by the reference signal passing through the channel.
  • the interference cancellation module 630 is configured to cancel interference of the first signal received by the CMTS on the second signal received by the CMTS according to the result of the channel interference estimation, where the first signal is that the CMTS passes the a signal transmitted by a carrier within a frequency spectrum, the second signal being a signal transmitted by a first CM of the all CMs through a carrier within the first frequency spectrum.
  • the CMTS when the CMTS transmits the reference signal in the first frequency spectrum, the other CM does not transmit the signal in the first frequency spectrum, so the CMTS receives only the reference signal that is sent by itself and passes through the self-interference path. And because the reference signal is a known reference sequence, the CMTS can more easily perform the channel corresponding to the first spectrum according to the received reference signal. Channel interference estimation, training channel response parameters of the interference path. Then, the CMTS uses the result of the channel interference estimation to cancel the interference of the downlink signal sent by the CMTS to the uplink signal sent by the CM, thereby reducing the complexity of performing self-interference cancellation.
  • the CMTS further includes an interleaving module and a generating module.
  • the interleaving module is configured to perform time domain interleaving with a depth of M for N consecutive unused carrier block symbols, and each unused carrier block symbol of the N consecutive unused carrier block symbols includes an NCP and an FEC codeword, M and N are integers greater than 0, N>M-1.
  • the generating module is configured to generate the reference signal, where a reference sequence corresponding to the reference signal is carried in the interleaved N+1-M symbols.
  • the sending module is further configured to send a ranging message to the first CM, instructing the first CM to perform time advance TA adjustment, so that the first CM is performing the The second signal is transmitted after the TA is adjusted.
  • the sending module is further configured to: send, by using a valid carrier in the second frequency spectrum, a reference signal in a second time period, where the second time period is that all the CMs are in the second frequency spectrum. a period in which no signal is transmitted; in a third period, the reference signal is transmitted through the effective carrier in the second spectrum, where the third period is that the second CM in all the CMs is sent through the effective carrier in the second spectrum a period in which the signal is not transmitted by the other CMs in the second spectrum, so that the third CM in the other CM receives the second period and the third period according to the third CM.
  • the reference signal determines information of the second CM to the third CM occupying a channel of the second spectrum.
  • the CMTS further includes a receiving module, configured to receive information about the channel sent by the third CM.
  • the sending module is further configured to: send indication information indicating that the CMTS is to send a reference signal, quantity information of a carrier block symbol included in the reference signal to be sent, and the The position information of the carrier block symbol to be included in the transmitted reference signal.
  • the CMTS 600 can perform the steps performed by the CMTS in the communication method shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. 5, and will not be described herein for brevity.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a CM 700 according to an embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the CM shown in FIG. 7 is only an example, and the CM of the embodiment of the present invention may further include other modules or units, or include modules similar to those of the respective modules in FIG. 7, or not including FIG. All modules.
  • the receiving module 710 is configured to receive the cable modem terminal system CMTS in the first time period. a reference signal transmitted by an effective carrier in the first frequency spectrum, wherein the first time period is a period in which all CMs connected to the CMTS do not transmit signals in the first frequency spectrum, and all the CMs include the CM.
  • the receiving module 710 is further configured to receive, in the second time period, a reference signal sent by the second CM through the effective carrier in the first spectrum and a reference signal sent by the CMTS through the effective carrier in the first spectrum, the second CM
  • the second time period is a period in which all other CMs except the second CM do not transmit signals in the first frequency spectrum.
  • the CM of the embodiment of the present invention can measure information of channels corresponding to a certain spectrum between other CMs and the CM, so that operations such as CM grouping or fault diagnosis according to the channel information can be implemented.
  • the CM further includes a sending module, configured to send information about the channel to the CMTS.
  • the CM 700 can perform the steps performed by the CM1 in the communication method shown in FIG. 2 by the third CM or the communication method shown in FIG. 5, and is not described herein again for the sake of brevity.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a CM 800 according to an embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the CM shown in FIG. 8 is only an example, and the CM of the embodiment of the present invention may further include other modules or units, or include modules similar to those of the respective modules in FIG. 8, or not including the FIG. All modules.
  • the generating module 810 is configured to generate a first reference signal.
  • the sending module 820 is configured to send, by using a valid carrier in the first frequency spectrum, the first reference signal in a first time period, where the first time period is a cable modem terminal system CMTS connected to the first CM, by using the first A period during which the effective carrier in the spectrum transmits the reference signal and the other CMs connected to the CMTS do not transmit signals in the first spectrum except for the first CM.
  • the CM of the embodiment of the present invention can measure information of channels corresponding to a certain spectrum between other CMs and the CM, so that operations such as CM grouping or fault diagnosis according to the channel information can be implemented.
  • the generating module is specifically configured to perform time domain interleaving with a depth of M for N consecutive unused carrier block symbols, where each of the N consecutive unused carrier block symbols is not
  • the carrier block symbols are used to include NCP and FEC code words, and M and N are integers greater than 0, N>M-1;
  • the first reference signal is generated, and the reference sequence corresponding to the first reference signal is carried in the interleaved N+1-M symbols.
  • the CM 800 can perform the steps performed by the CM2 in the communication method shown in FIG. 2 by the second CM or the communication method shown in FIG. 2, which will not be further described herein for brevity.
  • the CM 700 shown in FIG. 7 may also include various modules included in the CM 800 shown in FIG. 8, and the CM 800 shown in FIG. 8 may also include various modules included in the CM 700 shown in FIG. For the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a CMTS 900 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the CMTS 900 includes a memory 910, a processor 920, a receiver 930, and a transmitter 940.
  • the memory 910 is configured to store a program.
  • the processor 920 is configured to execute a program stored by the memory 910.
  • the transmitter 940 is configured to send a reference signal by using a valid carrier in the first frequency spectrum during a first time period, where the first time period is connected to the CMTS. The time period during which all cable modems CM do not transmit signals within the first frequency spectrum.
  • the processor 920 is further configured to perform channel interference estimation on a channel occupying the first frequency spectrum used by the CMTS receiving signal according to an interference signal received by the CMTS in the first time period, where the interference signal is the A signal obtained by the reference signal transmitted by the CMTS through the channel.
  • the processor 920 is further configured to: according to the result of the channel interference estimation, cancel interference of a first signal received by the CMTS to a second signal received by the CMTS, where the first signal is that the CMTS passes the a signal transmitted by a carrier within the first frequency spectrum, the second signal being a signal transmitted by a first CM of the all CMs through a carrier within the first frequency spectrum.
  • the CMTS when the CMTS transmits the reference signal in the first frequency spectrum, the other CM does not transmit the signal in the first frequency spectrum, so the CMTS receives only the reference signal that is sent by itself and passes through the self-interference path. And because the reference signal is a known reference sequence, the CMTS can more easily perform channel interference estimation on the channel corresponding to the first spectrum according to the received reference signal, and train the channel response parameter of the interference path. Then, the CMTS uses the result of the channel interference estimation to cancel the interference of the downlink signal sent by the CMTS to the uplink signal sent by the CM, thereby reducing the complexity of performing self-interference cancellation.
  • the processor 920 is further configured to perform time domain interleaving with a depth of M for N consecutive unused carrier block symbols, where the N consecutive unused carrier block symbols are used.
  • Each of the unused carrier block symbols includes an NCP and an FEC codeword, and M and N are integers greater than 0, N>M-1; generating the reference signal, and the reference sequence corresponding to the reference signal is carried after the interleaving N+1-M symbols.
  • the transmitter 940 is further configured to send a ranging message to the first CM, instructing the first CM to perform time advance TA adjustment, so that the first CM is in progress.
  • the second signal is transmitted after the TA adjustment.
  • the transmitter 940 is further configured to: send, by using a valid carrier in the second frequency spectrum, a reference signal in a second time period, where the second time period is that all the CMs are in the second frequency spectrum. a period in which no signal is transmitted; in the third period, the reference signal is transmitted through the effective carrier in the second frequency spectrum, where the third period is the effective carrier in the second spectrum of the second CM in all the CMs a period in which the reference signal is transmitted and the other CM does not transmit the signal in the second spectrum, so that the third CM in the other CM is in the second period and the third period according to the third CM
  • the received reference signal determines information of the second CM to the third CM occupying a channel of the second spectrum.
  • the receiver 930 is configured to receive information about the channel sent by the third CM.
  • the transmitter 940 is further configured to: send indication information indicating that the CMTS is to send a reference signal, quantity information of a carrier block symbol included in the reference signal to be sent, and The position information of the carrier block symbol included in the reference signal to be transmitted.
  • the CMTS 900 can perform the steps performed by the CMTS in the communication method shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. 5, and is not described herein again for brevity.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a CM 1000 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the CM 1000 includes a memory 1010, a processor 1020, a receiver 1030, and a transmitter 1040.
  • the memory 1010 is configured to store a program.
  • the processor 1020 is configured to execute a program stored by the memory 1010.
  • the receiver 1030 is configured to receive a reference signal sent by the CMTS through the active carrier in the first spectrum during the first time period, where the first time period is the same as the CMTS A period in which all connected CMs do not transmit signals within the first spectrum, the all CMs including the CM.
  • the processor 1020 is configured to determine, according to the first time period and the reference signal received in the second time period, the information of the second CM to the channel of the first CM occupying the first frequency spectrum.
  • the transmitter 1040 is configured to send information about the channel to the CMTS.
  • the CM 1000 can perform various steps performed by the CM1 in the communication method shown in FIG. 2 by the third CM or the communication method shown in FIG. 5, and details are not described herein again for brevity.
  • the memory 1110 is configured to store a program.
  • the processor 1120 is configured to execute a program stored by the memory 1110.
  • the processor 1120 executes the program stored in the memory 1110, it is specifically used to generate a first reference signal.
  • the transmitter 1140 is configured to send, by using a valid carrier in the first frequency spectrum, the first reference signal in a first time period, where the first time period is that the cable modem terminal system CMTS connected to the first CM passes the first frequency spectrum The period during which the inner effective carrier transmits the reference signal and the other CMs connected to the CMTS do not transmit signals in the first spectrum except for the first CM.
  • the CM of the embodiment of the present invention can measure information of channels corresponding to a certain spectrum between other CMs and the CM, so that operations such as CM grouping or fault diagnosis according to the channel information can be implemented.
  • the CM 1100 can perform the communication shown by the second CM or FIG. 5 in the communication method shown in FIG. 2.
  • the steps performed by CM2 in the method are not described here for brevity.
  • the memory, processor, receiver and transmitter in the CM 1100 shown in FIG. 11 can also be used to implement the functions of the memory, processor, receiver and transmitter in the CM 1000 shown in FIG. 10;
  • the memory, processor, receiver, and transmitter in the illustrated CM 1000 can also be used to implement the various functions of the memory, processor, receiver, and transmitter in the CM 1100 shown in FIG. No longer.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a cable communication system 1200 according to an embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the Cable communication system shown in FIG. 12 is only an example, and the Cable communication system of the embodiment of the present invention may further include other devices or devices, or include devices similar in function to the respective devices in FIG. 12, or are not to be included. All the devices in Figure 12.
  • the cable communication system 1200 includes the CMTS 600 shown in FIG. 6 and the CM 700 shown in FIG. For the sake of brevity, the CMTS 600 and CM 700 will not be described in detail herein.
  • the processor in the embodiment of the present invention may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capability.
  • each step of the foregoing method embodiment may be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in a processor or an instruction in a form of software.
  • the processor may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or the like. Programming logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components.
  • the methods, steps, and logical block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented or carried out.
  • the general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor or any conventional processor or the like.
  • the steps of the method disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention may be directly implemented by the hardware decoding processor, or may be performed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor.
  • the software module can be located in a conventional storage medium such as random access memory, flash memory, read only memory, programmable read only memory or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, and the like.
  • the storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and combines the hardware to complete the steps of the above method.
  • the memory in the embodiments of the present invention may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory.
  • the non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read only memory (Erasable PROM, EPROM), or an electric Erase programmable read only memory (EEPROM) or flash memory.
  • Volatility The memory can be a Random Access Memory (RAM) that acts as an external cache.
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (Synchronous DRAM).
  • SDRAM Double Data Rate SDRAM
  • DDR SDRAM Double Data Rate SDRAM
  • ESDRAM Enhanced Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
  • SLDRAM Synchronous Connection Dynamic Random Access Memory
  • DR RAM direct memory bus random access memory
  • system and “network” are used interchangeably herein.
  • the term “and/or” in this context is merely an association describing the associated object, indicating that there may be three relationships, for example, A and / or B, which may indicate that A exists separately, and both A and B exist, respectively. B these three situations.
  • the character "/" in this article generally indicates that the contextual object is an "or" relationship.
  • B corresponding to A means that B is associated with A, and B can be determined according to A.
  • determining B from A does not mean that B is only determined based on A, and that B can also be determined based on A and/or other information.
  • the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may be implemented in other manners.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the unit is only a logical function division.
  • there may be another division manner for example, multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
  • Another point that is shown or discussed between each other The coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the functions may be stored in a computer readable storage medium if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a standalone product.
  • the technical solution of the present invention which is essential or contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium, including
  • the instructions are used to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and the like, which can store program codes. .

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Abstract

本发明提供一种通信方法、CMTS和CM。该通信方法包括：CMTS在第一时段、通过第一频谱内有效载波发送参考信号，第一时段为与CMTS相连的所有CM在第一频谱内均不发送信号的时段；CMTS根据CMTS在第一时段接收的干扰信号号对CMTS接收信号时使用的占用第一频谱的信道进行信道干扰估计，干扰信号为所述参考信号经过所述信道得到的信号；CMTS根据信道干扰估计的结果，消除CMTS接收的第一信号对CMTS接收的第二信号的干扰，第一信号为CMTS通过第一频谱内的载波发送的信号，第二信号为所有CM中的第一CM通过第一频谱内的载波发送的信号。本发明提供的技术方案能够降低CMTS在CCFD时降低自干扰抵消的复杂度。

Description

通信方法、电缆调制解调器终端系统和电缆调制解调器 技术领域
本发明涉及通信领域，尤其涉及一种通信方法、电缆调制解调器终端系统(Cable Modem Terminal System，CMTS)和电缆调制解调器(Cable Modem，CM)。
背景技术
通信领域主要包括时分双工(Time Division Duplex，TDD)、频分双工(Frequency Division Duplex，FDD)以及同时同频全双工(Co-time Co-frequency Full Duplex，CCFD)。
当前一种CCFD方案中，仅在CMTS侧实现CCFD，CM侧仍然保持上下行FDD。CMTS侧需要做自干扰抵消，消除下行发送信号对上行接收信号的自干扰。
自干扰抵消基本原理是以发送信号为输入信号，通过对干扰信道进行重建，产生输出信号；然后将输出信号与接收信号相减，从而达到抵消的目的。
Cable领域的CCFD方案中，一种可能的实现方式是CMTS采用信道盲估计方式进行自干扰抵消；另一种可能的实现方式是CMTS利用随机数据对干扰信道进行训练，从而重建干扰信号，进而达到抵消目的。但是，采用信道盲估计和利用随机数据进行自干扰抵消的方法都比较复杂。
发明内容
本发明提供一种通信方法、CMTS和CM，能够降低CMTS在CCFD时降低自干扰抵消的复杂度。
第一方面，本发明提供了一种通信方法，包括：CMTS在第一时段、通过第一频谱内有效载波发送参考信号，所述第一时段为与所述CMTS相连的所有CM在所述第一频谱内均不发送信号的时段；所述CMTS根据所述CMTS在所述第一时段接收的干扰信号，对所述CMTS接收信号时使用的占用所述第一频谱的信道进行信道干扰估计，所述干扰信号为所述CMTS发送的所述参考信号经过所述信道得到的信号；所述CMTS根据所述信道干扰估计的结果，消除所述CMTS接收的第一信号对所述CMTS接收的第二信号 的干扰，所述第一信号为所述CMTS通过所述第一频谱内的载波发送的信号，所述第二信号为所述所有CM中的第一CM通过所述第一频谱内的载波发送的信号。
本发明实施例中，由于CMTS在第一频谱内发送参考信号时，其他的CM在第一频谱内均不发送信号，因此CMTS接收到的只有其自己发送的、经过自干扰路径的参考信号。且因为该参考信号为已知的参考序列，因此CMTS可以较容易地根据接收到的该参考信号对第一频谱对应的信道进行信道干扰估计，训练出干扰路径的信道响应参数。然后CMTS使用信道干扰估计的结果对CMTS后续发送的下行信号对CM发送的上行信号的干扰进行抵消，从而降低进行自干扰抵消的复杂度。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述通信方法还包括：所述CMTS对N个连续未使用载波块符号进行深度为M的时域交织，所述N个连续未使用载波块符号中的每个未使用载波块符号包括NCP和FEC码字，M和N为大于0的整数，N>M-1；所述CMTS生成所述参考信号，所述参考信号对应的参考序列承载于所述交织后的N+1-M个符号中。
本发明实施例中，CMTS通过时域交织生成包括NCP和FEC码字结构符号的参考信号，从而使得本发明实施例的通信方法可以适用于传统DOCSIS3.1。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述通信方法还包括：所述CMTS向所述第一CM发送测距消息，指示所述第一CM进行时间推进TA调整，以便于所述第一CM在进行所述TA调整后发送所述第二信号。
本发明实施例中，CMTS可以指示CM进行TA调整，以使得CM发送的信号和CMTS发送的信号可以符号对齐，从而可以保证CMTS的接收信号和干扰信号的符号同步。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述通信方法还包括：所述CMTS在第二时段、通过第二频谱内有效载波发送参考信号，所述第二时段为所述所有CM在所述第二频谱内均不发送信号的时段；所述CMTS在第三时段、通过所述第二频谱内有效载波发送参考信号，所述第三时段为所述所有CM中的第二CM通过所述第二频谱内有效载波发送参考信号、而其他CM在所述第二频谱内均不发送信号的时段，以便于所述其他CM中的第三CM根据所述第三CM在所述第二时段和所述第三时段接收的参考信号确定所述第二CM到所 述第三CM的占用所述第二频谱的信道的信息。
本发明实施例的通信方法，使得CM可以测量其他CM至该CM间的某一个频谱对应的信道的信息，从而可以实现根据这些信道信息进行CM分组或故障诊断等操作。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述通信方法还包括：所述CMTS接收所述第三CM发送的所述信道的信息。
本发明实施例中，CMTS接收CM发送的信道的信息后，可以由CMTS对CM进行分组或故障诊断等操作。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述通信方法还包括：所述CMTS发送用于指示所述CMTS将发送参考信号的指示信息、所述将发送的参考信号包括的载波块符号的数量信息和所述将发送的参考信号包括的载波块符号的位置信息。
本发明实施例中，CMTS可以向CM发送下一次发送的参考信息的信息，使得CM可以根据参考信息的信息来及时和准确获取该参考信息。
第二方面，本发明提供了一种通信方法，包括：第一CM在第一时段，接收CMTS通过第一频谱内有效载波发送的参考信号，所述第一时段为与所述CMTS相连的所有CM在所述第一频谱内均不发送信号的时段，所述第一CM是所述所有CM中的CM；所述第一CM在第二时段接收第二CM通过所述第一频谱内有效载波发送的参考信号和所述CMTS通过所述第一频谱内有效载波发送的参考信号，所述第二CM为所述所有CM中的CM，所述第二时段为所述所有CM中除所述第二CM外的其他CM在所述第一频谱内均不发送信号的时段；所述第一CM根据所述第一时段和所述第二时段内接收的参考信号，确定所述第二CM到所述第一CM的占用所述第一频谱的信道的信息。
本发明实施例的通信方法，使得CM可以测量其他CM至该CM间的某一个频谱对应的信道的信息，从而可以实现根据这些信道信息进行CM分组或故障诊断等操作。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述通信方法还包括：所述第一CM向所述CMTS发送所述信道的信息。
本发明实施例中，CM向CMTS发送信道的信息，以便于由CMTS对CM进行分组或故障诊断等操作。
第三方面，本发明提供了一种通信方法，包括：第一CM生成第一参考信号；所述第一CM在第一时段、通过第一频谱内有效载波发送所述第一参考信号，所述第一时段为与所述第一CM相连的CMTS通过所述第一频谱内有效载波发送参考信号、且与所述CMTS相连的所有CM中除所述第一CM外的其他CM在所述第一频谱内均不发送信号的时段。
本发明实施例的通信方法，使得CM可以测量其他CM至该CM间的某一个频谱对应的信道的信息，从而可以实现根据这些信道信息进行CM分组或故障诊断等操作。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一CM生成第一参考信号，包括：所述第一CM对N个连续未使用载波块符号进行深度为M的时域交织，所述N个连续未使用载波块符号中的每个未使用载波块符号包括NCP和FEC码字，M和N为大于0的整数，N>M-1；所述第一CM生成所述第一参考信号，所述第一参考信号对应的参考序列承载于所述交织后的N+1-M个符号中。
本发明实施例中，CMTS通过时域交织生成包括NCP和FEC码字结构符号的参考信号，从而使得本发明实施例的通信方法可以适用于传统DOCSIS3.1
第四方面，本发明提供了一种CMTS，所述CMTS包括用于执行第一方面的通信方法的模块。
第五方面，本发明提供了一种CM，所述CM包括用于执行第二方面的通信方法的模块。
第六方面，本发明提供了一种CM，所述CM包括用于执行第三方面的通信方法的模块。
第七方面，本发明提供了一种CMTS，包括接收器、发送器、处理器和存储器，所述存储器用于存储代码，所述处理器用于执行所述存储器中的代码，所述接收器和发送器用于与其他设备通信。当所述代码被执行时，所述处理器调用所述接收器和发送器实现第一方面的方法。
第八方面，本发明提供了一种CM，包括接收器、发送器、处理器和存储器，所述存储器用于存储代码，所述处理器用于执行所述存储器中的代码，所述接收器和发送器用于与其他设备通信。当所述代码被执行时，所述处理器调用所述接收器和发送器实现第二方面的方法。
第九方面，本发明提供了一种CM，包括接收器、发送器、处理器和存储器，所述存储器用于存储代码，所述处理器用于执行所述存储器中的代码，所述接收器和发送器用于与其他设备通信。当所述代码被执行时，所述处理器调用所述接收器和发送器实现第三方面的方法。
第十方面，本发明提供了一种计算机可读介质，所述计算机可读介质存储用于CMTS执行的程序代码，所述程序代码包括用于执行第一方面中的方法的指令。
第十一方面，本发明提供了一种计算机可读介质，所述计算机可读介质存储用于CM执行的程序代码，所述程序代码包括用于执行第二方面中的方法的指令。
第十二方面，本发明提供了一种计算机可读介质，所述计算机可读介质存储用于CM执行的程序代码，所述程序代码包括用于执行第三方面中的方法的指令。
第十三方面，本发明提供了一种Cable通信系统，包括第四方面中的CMTS和第五方面中的CM。
第十四方面，本发明提供了一种Cable通信系统，包括第七方面中的CMTS和第八方面中的CM。
第十五方面，本发明提供了一种Cable通信系统，包括第十方面中的计算机可读介质和第十一方面中的计算机可读介质。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对本发明实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明实施例的通信方法的应用场景示例图。
图2是本发明实施例的通信方法的示意性流程图。
图3是本发明实施例的通信方法中的帧的示意性结构图。
图4是本发明实施例的通信方法中的时域交织的示意图。
图5是本发明实施例的通信方法的示意性流程图。
图6是本发明实施例的CMTS的示意性结构图。
图7是本发明实施例的CM的示意性结构图。
图8是本发明实施例的CM的示意性结构图。
图9是本发明实施例的CMTS的示意性结构图。
图10是本发明实施例的CM的示意性结构图。
图11是本发明实施例的CM的示意性结构图。
图12是本发明实施例的Cable通信系统的示意性结构图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
为了便于理解，先从整体上描述能够实施本发明实施例的通信方法的电缆(cable)网络的系统架构的示例图。应理解，本发明实施例并不限于图1所示的系统架构中，此外，图1中的装置可以是硬件，也可以是从功能上划分的软件或者以上二者的结构。
图1所示的系统包括CMTS 110、CM 120、CM 130、CM 140和CM 150。应注意，图1中的CMTS和CM的数量不应对可以本发明构成限制。CMTS110、CM 120、CM 130、CM 140和CM 150可以符合传统有线电缆数据服务接口规范(Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifications，DOCSIS)3.1。
CMTS是管理控制CM的设备，其配置可通过控制台(Console)接口或以太网接口完成，其配置内容主要有：下行频率、下行调制方式、下行电平等。下行频率在指定的频率范围内可以任意设定，但为了不干扰其它频道的信号，应参照有线电视的频道划分表选定在规定的频点上。调制方式的选择应考虑信道的传输质量。此外，还必须设置动态主机配置协议(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol，DHCP)、简单文件传输协议(Trivial File Transfer Protocol，TFTP)服务器的互联网协议(Internet Protocol，IP)地址、CMTS的IP地址等。上述设置完成后，如果中间线路无故障，信号电平的衰减符合要求，则启动DHCP、TFTP服务器，就可在前端和CM间建立正常的通信通道。
CM是在有线电视网络(即电缆网络)上用来上互联网的设备，它是串接在用户家的有线电视电缆插座和上网设备之间的，而通过有线电视网络与之相连的另一端是在有线电视台，该另一端可以称为前端或头端(Head-End)。
CMTS 110的工作模式是CCFD，如图1中所示，CMTS 110可以分别使用占用D1频谱、D2频谱和D3频谱的信道发送下行信号，也可以接收占用U1频谱、U2频谱和U3频谱的信道发送上行信号。其中，D2频谱与U2频谱重叠，D3频谱与U3频谱重叠。因此，CMTS 110的接收机需要做自干扰抵消，消除下行发送信号对上行接收信号的自干扰。
CM 120、CM 130、CM 140和CM 150仍然保持上下行频分，即FDD。CM 120、CM 130、CM 140和CM 150则需要根据相互隔离度大小进行分组，如CM 120和CM 130为同一组，CM 120和CM 130可以使用占用U1频谱和U3频谱的信道发送上行信号，可以接收占用D1频谱和D2频谱的信道发送的下行信号。其中，U1频谱、U3频谱、D1频谱和D2频谱互不重叠。
CM 140和CM 150为同一组，CM 140和CM 150可以使用占用U1频谱和U2频谱的信道发送上行信号，可以接收占用D1频谱和D3频谱的信道发送的下行信号。其中，U1频谱、U2频谱、D1频谱和D3频谱互不重叠。
由此可知，相同组内的CM上下行信道的频谱是分开的，不同组间的CM上下行信道的频谱则可以重叠。
当前的DOCSIS3.1中，由于下行的每个正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing，OFDM)符号都有数据信号，因此自干扰时域信号时随机的。当CMTS进行自干扰抵消时，采用信道盲估计以及自适应滤波方法，利用随机数据对干扰信道进行训练，从而重建干扰信号，进行抵消自干扰，这种自干扰抵消方法较复杂，尤其针对大带宽信号(如DOCSIS3.1中下行每通道192兆赫兹的带宽)很难达到好的抵消效果。
因此本发明提出一种通信方法，能够降低CMTS进行自干扰抵消的复杂度，同时对带宽信号可以有较好的抵消效果。
图2为本发明实施例的通信方法的示意性流程图。应理解，图2示出了通信方法的步骤或操作，但这些步骤或操作仅是示例，本发明实施例还可以执行其他操作或者图2中的各个操作的变形。此外，图2中的各个步骤可以按照与图2呈现的不同的顺序来执行，并且有可能并非要执行图2中的全部 操作。
S210，CMTS在第一时段、通过第一频谱内有效载波发送参考信号，第一时段为与CMTS相连的所有CM在第一频谱内均不发送信号的时段。
S220，CMTS根据其在第一时段接收的干扰信号对CMTS接收信号使用的占用第一频谱的信道进行信道干扰估计，干扰信号为CMTS发送的参考信号经过所述信道得到的信号。
S230，CMTS根据信道干扰估计的结果，消除CMTS接收的第一信号对CMTS接收的第二信号的干扰，第一信号为CMTS通过第一频谱内的载波发送的信号，第二信号为所有CM中的第一CM通过第一频谱内的载波发送的信号。
本发明实施例中，由于CMTS发送参考信号时，其他的CM均不发送信号，因此CMTS接收到的只有其自己发送的、经过自干扰路径的参考信号。且因为该参考信号为已知的参考序列，因此CMTS可以较容易地根据接收到的该参考信号进行信道干扰估计，训练出干扰路径的信道响应参数。然后CMTS使用信道干扰估计的结果对CMTS后续发送的下行信号对CM发送的上行信号的干扰进行抵消，从而降低进行自干扰抵消的复杂度。
对应地，本发明实施例中，与CMTS相连的所有CM在第一时段内，在第一频谱内均不发送信号。
该参考信号也可以称为Probe信号，第一时段也可以称为静默时隙或空Probe时间段。由于DOCSIS上行已存在静默时隙或空Probe符号，因此CMTS可以通过调度控制其发送的Probe信号出现的时间段位于上行静默时隙或空Probe时间段。
本发明实施例中，有效载波是指一个通道中可用于承载信号(无论数据信号还是参考信号)的载波，有效载波是相对无效载波来说的。无效载波又称为排除载波(Excluded Subcarriers)，指不能承载任何信号的载波，具体实现时，可以直接将该载波置0。
本发明实施例中，若CMTS根据其在第一时段接收的干扰信号，在时域内对CMTS接收信号使用的占用第一频谱的信道进行信道干扰估计，则可以利用“所有”有效载波，即在第一频谱内的所有载波上发送Probe信号，或者说Probe信号可以占通道全频谱。因为在时域对干扰信道进行训练，需要得到已知的时域Probe信号，时域信号是所有载波通过快速傅里叶变换 (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform，IFFT)获得。如果一个载波随机，对应的时域信号也是不确定的。
若CMTS根据其在第一时段接收的干扰信号，在频域内对CMTS接收信号使用的占用第一频谱的信道进行信道干扰估计，则可以只利用“部分”有效子载波。因为在频域对干扰信道进行训练，是基于每个载波进行训练。当然，由于相邻载波对应的信道具有相似性，可以采用部分有效子载波承载参考信号，其余未承载参考信号的载波可利用承载参考信号载波的信道估计结果插值获取。
本发明实施例中的Probe信号可以占通道全频谱、且Probe信号的OFDM符号中的不同载波的承载信号可以均为已知序列。
本发明实施例中的Probe信号可以是对当前DOCSIS3.1下行帧结构进行改进，从而引入的信号。如图3所示，DOCSIS3.1下行帧结构中，除了无效载波(Exclusion band)，每个有效载波承载的内容不同。物理层链路信道(Physical Layer Link Channel，PLC)占数个连续子载波，PLC包括PLC前导(Preamble)和PLC数据(Data)。连续导频(Continuous pilots)占固定的连续载波，离散导频(Scatter pilots)占交错的载波，其余载波承载业务数据(Data)。PLC Data和业务Data都是随承载信息随机变化的。而导频，preamble都是承载固定的调制序列。即改进后的DOCSIS3.1下行帧中，可以包括无效载波、用于承载PLC数据的载波、用于承载PLC前导的载波、用于承载业务数据的载波、用于承载离散导频的载波、用于承载连续导频的载波和用于承载参考信号的载波。
Probe信号占据一个或多个OFDM符号，Probe信号占据的OFDM符号中，不同载波的承载信号为已知序列，如可以为伪随机分布的二进制相移键控(Binary Phase Shift Keying，BPSK)序列。
由于DOCSIS3.1本身存在一些已知参考信号(如连续导频信号、离散导频信号和PLC前导信号等，与新增的Probe信号部分载波可能会存在重叠，为了不影响DOCSIS3.1业务功能，重叠部分的载波可保留原有信息。由于Data部分承载业务信息，其内容是未知，Probe需占用部分Data符号。为了不影响PLC Data的连续性，Probe所占据的OFDM符号需与PLC Preamble占据的OFDM符号位置重叠，从而可以保证Probe信号均为已知的参考序列。
DOCSIS3.1下行接收机是连续解调下行信号，直接在原有帧结构中插入 Probe信号，可能会影响传统DOCSIS3.1下行解调。若本发明实施中CCFD需要考虑兼容传统DOCSIS3.1，使得本发明实施例中的CM与传统DOCSIS3.1中的CM共存，需要根据DOCSIS3.1下行信号处理特点，生成和发送Probe信号。
DOCSIS3.1的下行存在时域交织，因此CMTS或CM发送Probe信号前，需要经过时域交织形成Probe信号。交织前的每个OFDM符号由NCP和FEC码字构成。利用下一个码字的指针(Next Codeword Pointer，NCP)和前向纠错(Forward Error Correction，FEC)码字特点，按照DOCSIS3.1构建特殊的NCP+FEC码字，可以保证经过交织后形成的Probe信号不影响传统DOCSIS3.1中的CMTS或CM解调业务信号。按照DOCSIS3.1，还可以产生NCP对应的循环冗余码校验(Cyclic Redundancy Check，CRC)，即交织前的符号中还可以包括NCP对应的CRC。
可以在交织前使整个OFDM符号为未用载波块(Unused subcarriers block)，不承载业务信息，这样CMTS或CM接收到Probe信号后可以正常解调。由于未用载波块是按一定规律承载伪随机BPSK序列，属于已知序列。利用连续多个未用载波块符号，可保证经过交织后依然可以形成完整的Probe信号，且Probe信号中不包含业务信息，因此Probe信号可用作于参考信号，以进行信号干扰估计。
假设形成的Probe信号需要N个符号，时域交织深度为M，则交织前需将N+M-1个未用载波块符号。也就是说N+M-1个未用载波块符号进行深度为M的时域交织，可以形成包括N个符号的Probe信号。具体而言，N+M-1个未用载波块符号进行深度为M的时域交织后，得到N+M-1个符号，其中的N个符号承载Probe信号的参考序列。
如图4的(a)中所示的时频资源网格中，一列表示一个符号，一行表示一个载波，即图4的(a)中有10个符号，有11个载波。其中的第2个符号至第6个符号为交织前的Probe符号，且第2个符号至第6个符号的载波均为未使用载波，因此第2个符号至第6个符号为未用载波块符号。
时域交织深度为4，所以如图4的(a)中的符号经过时域交织就可以形成如图4的(b)中所示的符号。图4的(b)中第5和第6个符号即组成Probe信号。
本发明实施例中，CMTS可以向CM传递Probe信号的相关信息，如每 个PLC周期(128个符号)中是否会出现Probe信号，当会出现Probe信号时，Probe信号中的符号的个数以及Probe信号中的符号的位置。
Probe信号的相关信息可以通过DOCSIS3.1PLC传递。由于PLC消息的解析需要时间，因此可以在每个PLC周期内发送下一个PLC周期内的Probe信号的相关信息。例如，可以用1比特(bit)表示是否出现Probe信号，3bit表示Probe信号中的符号个数(1～8)，3bit表示Probe信号中的符号的起始位置(多个符号连续出现时)；也可以每个符号对应一个3bit的位置信息，此时，符号可以非连续出现。
本发明实施例中，可以利用NCP中预留的1bit来指示该符号用于组装Probe信号，其中，符号对应的载波可以通过扰码承载伪随机序列。
本发明实施例中，实现CCFD(如基于DOCSIS3.1)时，若上下行信号的频谱较宽，频域自干扰抵消算法比时域自干扰抵消算法更简单且具备较优的性能。但频域自干扰抵消需要保证CMTS接收到的上行信号和干扰信号符号同步，即上下行信号具有相同的符号周期，且在CMTS，符号边界需对齐。因此，需要在时域利用下行Probe信号检测干扰信号的符号边界，并测量出干扰信号中的符号与上行信号中的符号边界的差距。
为了使得干扰信号与上行信号符号对齐，若直接调整CMTS发送下行信号的延时，将会影响下行业务(因为下行是连续不断的)，因此需调整上行信号的符号边界。所以，本发明实施例中，可选地，CMTS可以向CM发送测距消息(Ranging Response)，指示CM进行TA(Time Advance)调整。这样，CMTS就可以接收到CM进行TA调整后发送的上行信号了。
本发明实施例中，若不同组的CM的相互隔离度足够大，则一个组的上行信号对另一组的下行接收信号产生的干扰将会足够小，而不影响相邻组的CM的业务。因此本发明实施例中还提供一种通信方法，以检测CM间的信道信息，从而使得CMTS可以根据CM间的信道信息(如CM之间的隔离度、微反射、群延时等信息)进行CM的分组或整网故障诊断等。
检测CM间的信道信息的通信方法中，对于CMTS而言，CMTS在第二时段、通过第二频谱内有效载波发送参考信号，第二时段内，只有CMTS在第二频谱内发送该参考信号，而与CMTS相连的所有CM在第二频谱内均不发送信号；然后CMTS在第三时段、通过第二频谱内有效载波再次发送参考信号，第三时段内，除了CMTS发送信号，所有与CMTS相连的CM中， 只有一个CM(为了描述方便，将其称为第二CM)通过第二频谱内有效载波发送参考信号，而其他CM在第二频谱内均不发送信号。
在CM侧，在第一时段内，所有CM均不发送任何信号；在第二时段内，只有第二CM通过第二频谱内有效载波发送参考信号。第二CM在发送参考信号前，可以如上述CMTS生成Probe信号一样生成参考信号，然后再发送，为了简洁，此处不再赘述。
相对应地，在CM侧，CM中的一个CM(为了简便，将其称为第三CM)在第一时段仅接收CMTS通过第二频谱内有效载波发送的参考信号；然后第三CM在第二时段接收CMTS通过第二频谱内有效载波再次发送的参考信号和第二CM通过第二频谱内有效载波发送的参考信号；最后，第三CM可以根据自己在第二时段和所述第三时段接收的所有信号确定第二CM到自己的信道的特征信息。
上述步骤只是获取到一个CM至另一个CM间占用第二频谱的信道的特征信息，重复上述步骤，可以使得所有CM中的每个CM获取其他CM至自己的信道的特征信息。
当CM确定了其他CM至自己的信道的特征信息后，CM可以将信道的特征信息发送给CMTS，然后CMTS可以根据这些信道信息将CM合理分组。
下面结合图5详细介绍本发明实施例的CM检测相互之间信道的信息的通信方法。应理解，图5示出了通信方法的步骤或操作，但这些步骤或操作仅是示例，本发明实施例还可以执行其他操作或者图5中的各个操作的变形。此外，图5中的各个步骤可以按照与图5呈现的不同的顺序来执行，并且有可能并非要执行图5中的全部操作。
S502，在第一时段，CMTS通过第二频谱内有效载波发送参考信号。在第一时段，所有CM在第二频谱内均不发送任何信号。相应地，在第一时段，CM1接收CMTS通过第二频谱内有效载波发送参考信号。当然，还可以有其他CM接收到该参考信号。
S504，在第二时段，CMTS再次通过第二频谱内有效载波发送参考信号，且CM2也通过第二频谱内有效载波发送参考信号。相应地，CM1在第二时段接收第二频谱内的信号。当然，还可以有其他CM接收到这些参考信号。
在第二时段，CM1不仅可以接收到CMTS通过第二频谱内有效载波发送参考信号，还可以接收到CM2通过第二频谱内有效载波发送参考信号。
S506，CM1将第二时段内接收到的信号减去第一时段内接收的信号，即得到CM2在第二时段通过第二频谱内有效载波发送参考信号。然后CM1可以根据得到的CM2在第二时段通过第二频谱内有效载波发送参考信号获取CM2到CM1的占用第二频谱的信道的特征信息(可以简称为信道的信息)。
S508，CM1将获取的CM2到CM1的占用第二频谱的信道的特征信息发送给CMTS。相应地，CMTS接收CM2到CM1的占用第二频谱的信道的特征信息。
重复以上步骤，CMTS可以获取到与其相连的多个CM中的每个CM至另外一个CM的占用某一频谱的信道的特征信息。这样，CMTS就可以根据这些CM之间的信道的特征信息对这些CM进行分组，或者进行整网故障诊断等操作了。
下面结合图6至11介绍本发明实施例的通信方法中的CMTS和CM。
图6为本发明实施例的CMTS 600的示意性结构图。应理解，图6示出的CMTS仅是示例，本发明实施例的CMTS还可包括其他模块或单元，或者包括与图6中的各个模块的功能相似的模块，或者并非要包括图6中的所有模块。
发送模块610，用于在第一时段、通过第一频谱内有效载波发送参考信号，所述第一时段为与所述CMTS相连的所有电缆调制解调器CM在所述第一频谱内均不发送信号的时段。
估计模块620，用于根据所述CMTS在所述第一时段接收的干扰信号对CMTS接收信号时使用的占用所述第一频谱的信道进行信道干扰估计，所述干扰信号为所述CMTS发送的所述参考信号经过所述信道得到的信号。
干扰消除模块630，用于根据所述信道干扰估计的结果，消除所述CMTS接收的第一信号对所述CMTS接收的第二信号的干扰，所述第一信号为所述CMTS通过所述第一频谱内的载波发送的信号，所述第二信号为所述所有CM中的第一CM通过所述第一频谱内的载波发送的信号。
本发明实施例中，由于CMTS在第一频谱内发送参考信号时，其他的CM在第一频谱内均不发送信号，因此CMTS接收到的只有其自己发送的、经过自干扰路径的参考信号。且因为该参考信号为已知的参考序列，因此CMTS可以较容易地根据接收到的该参考信号对第一频谱对应的信道进行 信道干扰估计，训练出干扰路径的信道响应参数。然后CMTS使用信道干扰估计的结果对CMTS后续发送的下行信号对CM发送的上行信号的干扰进行抵消，从而降低进行自干扰抵消的复杂度。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述CMTS还包括交织模块和生成模块。所述交织模块用于对N个连续未使用载波块符号进行深度为M的时域交织，所述N个连续未使用载波块符号中的每个未使用载波块符号包括NCP和FEC码字，M和N为大于0的整数，N>M-1。所述生成模块用于生成所述参考信号，所述参考信号对应的参考序列承载于所述交织后的N+1-M个符号中。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述发送模块还用于向所述第一CM发送测距消息，指示所述第一CM进行时间推进TA调整，以便于所述第一CM在进行所述TA调整后发送所述第二信号。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述发送模块还用于：在第二时段、通过第二频谱内有效载波发送参考信号，所述第二时段为所述所有CM在所述第二频谱内均不发送信号的时段；在第三时段、通过所述第二频谱内有效载波发送参考信号，所述第三时段为所述所有CM中的第二CM通过所述第二频谱内有效载波发送参考信号、而其他CM在所述第二频谱内均不发送信号的时段，以便于所述其他CM中的第三CM根据所述第三CM在所述第二时段和所述第三时段接收的参考信号确定所述第二CM到所述第三CM的占用所述第二频谱的信道的信息。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述CMTS还包括接收模块，用于接收所述第三CM发送的所述信道的信息。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述发送模块还用于：发送用于指示所述CMTS将发送参考信号的指示信息、所述将发送的参考信号包括的载波块符号的数量信息和所述将发送的参考信号包括的载波块符号的位置信息。
CMTS 600可以执行图2或图5所示的通信方法中由CMTS执行的各个步骤，为了简便，此处不再赘述。
图7为本发明实施例的CM 700的示意性结构图。应理解，图7示出的CM仅是示例，本发明实施例的CM还可包括其他模块或单元，或者包括与图7中的各个模块的功能相似的模块，或者并非要包括图7中的所有模块。
接收模块710，用于在第一时段，接收电缆调制解调器终端系统CMTS 通过第一频谱内有效载波发送的参考信号，所述第一时段为与所述CMTS相连的所有CM在所述第一频谱内均不发送信号的时段，所述所有CM包括所述CM。
接收模块710还用于在第二时段接收第二CM通过所述第一频谱内有效载波发送的参考信号和所述CMTS通过所述第一频谱内有效载波发送的参考信号，所述第二CM为所述所有CM中的CM，所述第二时段为所述所有CM中除所述第二CM外的其他CM在所述第一频谱内均不发送信号的时段。
确定模块720，用于根据所述第一时段和所述第二时段内接收的参考信号，确定所述第二CM到所述第一CM的占用所述第一频谱的信道的信息。
本发明实施例的CM，可以测量其他CM至该CM间的某一个频谱对应的信道的信息，从而可以实现根据这些信道信息进行CM分组或故障诊断等操作。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述CM还包括发送模块，用于向所述CMTS发送所述信道的信息。
CM 700可以执行图2所示的通信方法中由第三CM或图5所示的通信方法中由CM1执行的步骤，为了简便，此处不再赘述。
图8为本发明实施例的CM 800的示意性结构图。应理解，图8示出的CM仅是示例，本发明实施例的CM还可包括其他模块或单元，或者包括与图8中的各个模块的功能相似的模块，或者并非要包括图8中的所有模块。
生成模块810，用于生成第一参考信号。
发送模块820，用于在第一时段、通过第一频谱内有效载波发送所述第一参考信号，所述第一时段为与所述第一CM相连的电缆调制解调器终端系统CMTS通过所述第一频谱内有效载波发送参考信号、且与所述CMTS相连的所有CM中除所述第一CM外的其他CM在所述第一频谱内均不发送信号的时段。
本发明实施例的CM，可以测量其他CM至该CM间的某一个频谱对应的信道的信息，从而可以实现根据这些信道信息进行CM分组或故障诊断等操作。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述生成模块具体用于：对N个连续未使用载波块符号进行深度为M的时域交织，所述N个连续未使用载波块符号中的每个未使用载波块符号包括NCP和FEC码字，M和N为大于0的整数， N>M-1；生成所述第一参考信号，所述第一参考信号对应的参考序列承载于所述交织后的N+1-M个符号中。
CM 800可以执行图2所示的通信方法中由第二CM或图5所示的通信方法中由CM2执行的步骤，为了简洁，此处不再赘述。
图7所示的CM 700也可以还包括图8中所示的CM 800所包括的各个模块，图8所示的CM 800也可以还包括图7中所示的CM 700所包括的各个模块，为了简洁，此处不再赘述。
图9为本发明实施例的CMTS 900的示意性结构图。CMTS 900包括存储器910、处理器920、接收器930和发送器940。
存储器910，用于存储程序。
处理器920，用于执行所述存储器910存储的程序。
当所述处理器920执行所述存储器910存储的程序时，所述发送器940用于在第一时段、通过第一频谱内有效载波发送参考信号，所述第一时段为与所述CMTS相连的所有电缆调制解调器CM在所述第一频谱内均不发送信号的时段。
所述处理器920还用于根据所述CMTS在所述第一时段接收的干扰信号对所述CMTS接收信号使用的占用所述第一频谱的信道进行信道干扰估计，所述干扰信号为所述CMTS发送的所述参考信号经过所述信道得到的信号。
所述处理器920还用于根据所述信道干扰估计的结果，消除所述CMTS接收的第一信号对所述CMTS接收的第二信号的干扰，所述第一信号为所述CMTS通过所述第一频谱内的载波发送的信号，所述第二信号为所述所有CM中的第一CM通过所述第一频谱内的载波发送的信号。
本发明实施例中，由于CMTS在第一频谱内发送参考信号时，其他的CM在第一频谱内均不发送信号，因此CMTS接收到的只有其自己发送的、经过自干扰路径的参考信号。且因为该参考信号为已知的参考序列，因此CMTS可以较容易地根据接收到的该参考信号对第一频谱对应的信道进行信道干扰估计，训练出干扰路径的信道响应参数。然后CMTS使用信道干扰估计的结果对CMTS后续发送的下行信号对CM发送的上行信号的干扰进行抵消，从而降低进行自干扰抵消的复杂度。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述处理器920还用于：对N个连续未使用载波块符号进行深度为M的时域交织，所述N个连续未使用载波块符号中 的每个未使用载波块符号包括NCP和FEC码字，M和N为大于0的整数，N>M-1；生成所述参考信号，所述参考信号对应的参考序列承载于所述交织后的N+1-M个符号中。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述发送器940还用于向所述第一CM发送测距消息，指示所述第一CM进行时间推进TA调整，以便于所述第一CM在进行所述TA调整后发送所述第二信号。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述发送器940还用于：在第二时段、通过第二频谱内有效载波发送参考信号，所述第二时段为所述所有CM在所述第二频谱内均不发送信号的时段；在第三时段、通过所述第二频谱内有效载波发送参考信号，所述第三时段为所述所有CM中的第二CM通过所述第二频谱内有效载波发送参考信号、而其他CM在所述第二频谱内均不发送信号的时段，以便于所述其他CM中的第三CM根据所述第三CM在所述第二时段和所述第三时段接收的参考信号确定所述第二CM到所述第三CM的占用所述第二频谱的信道的信息。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述接收器930用于接收所述第三CM发送的所述信道的信息。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述发送器940还用于：发送用于指示所述CMTS将发送参考信号的指示信息、所述将发送的参考信号包括的载波块符号的数量信息和所述将发送的参考信号包括的载波块符号的位置信息。
CMTS 900可以执行图2或图5所示的通信方法中由CMTS执行的各个步骤，为了简洁，此处不再赘述。
图10为本发明实施例的CM 1000的示意性结构图。CM 1000包括存储器1010、处理器1020、接收器1030和发送器1040。
存储器1010，用于存储程序。
处理器1020，用于执行所述存储器1010存储的程序。
当所述处理器1020执行所述存储器1010存储的程序时，接收器1030用于在第一时段，接收CMTS通过第一频谱内有效载波发送的参考信号，所述第一时段为与所述CMTS相连的所有CM在所述第一频谱内均不发送信号的时段，所述所有CM包括所述CM。
接收器1030还用于在第二时段接收第二CM通过所述第一频谱内有效载波发送的参考信号和所述CMTS通过所述第一频谱内有效载波发送的参 考信号，所述第二CM为所述所有CM中的CM，所述第二时段为所述所有CM中除所述第二CM外的其他CM在所述第一频谱内均不发送信号的时段。
处理器1020，用于根据所述第一时段和所述第二时段内接收的参考信号，确定所述第二CM到所述第一CM的占用所述第一频谱的信道的信息。
本发明实施例的CM，可以测量其他CM至该CM间的某一个频谱对应的信道的信息，从而可以实现根据这些信道信息进行CM分组或故障诊断等操作。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述发送器1040用于向所述CMTS发送所述信道的信息。
CM 1000可以执行图2所示的通信方法中由第三CM或图5所示的通信方法中由CM1执行的各个步骤，为了简洁，此处不再赘述。
图11为本发明实施例的CM 1100的示意性结构图。CM 1100包括存储器1110、处理器1120、接收器1130和发送器1140。
存储器1110，用于存储程序。
处理器1120，用于执行所述存储器1110存储的程序。
当所述处理器1120执行所述存储器1110存储的程序时，具体用于生成第一参考信号。
发送器1140用于在第一时段、通过第一频谱内有效载波发送所述第一参考信号，所述第一时段为与所述第一CM相连的电缆调制解调器终端系统CMTS通过所述第一频谱内有效载波发送参考信号、且与所述CMTS相连的所有CM中除所述第一CM外的其他CM在所述第一频谱内均不发送信号的时段。
本发明实施例的CM，可以测量其他CM至该CM间的某一个频谱对应的信道的信息，从而可以实现根据这些信道信息进行CM分组或故障诊断等操作。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述处理器1120具体用于：对N个连续未使用载波块符号进行深度为M的时域交织，所述N个连续未使用载波块符号中的每个未使用载波块符号包括NCP和FEC码字，M和N为大于0的整数，N>M-1；生成所述第一参考信号，所述第一参考信号对应的参考序列承载于所述交织后的N+1-M个符号中。
CM 1100可以执行图2所示的通信方法中由第二CM或图5所示的通信 方法中由CM2执行的各个步骤，为了简洁，此处不再赘述。
图11所示的CM 1100中的存储器、处理器、接收器和发送器还可以用于实现图10所示的CM 1000中的存储器、处理器、接收器和发送器的各个功能；图10所示的CM 1000中的存储器、处理器、接收器和发送器也还可以用于实现图11所示的CM 1100中的存储器、处理器、接收器和发送器的各个功能，为了简洁，此处不再赘述。
图12为本发明实施例的Cable通信系统1200的示意性结构图。应理解，图12示出的Cable通信系统仅是示例，本发明实施例的Cable通信系统还可包括其他设备或装置，或者包括与图12中的各个设备的功能相似的设备，或者并非要包括图12中的所有设备。
Cable通信系统1200包括图6中所示CMTS 600和图7中所示的CM700。为了简洁，此处不再详述CMTS 600和CM 700。
可以理解，本发明实施例中的处理器可以是一种集成电路芯片，具有信号的处理能力。在实现过程中，上述方法实施例的各步骤可以通过处理器中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。上述的处理器可以是通用处理器、数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor，DSP)、专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array，FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件。可以实现或者执行本发明实施例中的公开的各方法、步骤及逻辑框图。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。结合本发明实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件译码处理器执行完成，或者用译码处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器，闪存、只读存储器，可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器，处理器读取存储器中的信息，结合其硬件完成上述方法的步骤。
可以理解，本发明实施例中的存储器可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器，或可包括易失性和非易失性存储器两者。其中，非易失性存储器可以是只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)、可编程只读存储器(Programmable ROM，PROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(Erasable PROM，EPROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(Electrically EPROM，EEPROM)或闪存。易失 性存储器可以是随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)，其用作外部高速缓存。通过示例性但不是限制性说明，许多形式的RAM可用，例如静态随机存取存储器(Static RAM，SRAM)、动态随机存取存储器(Dynamic RAM，DRAM)、同步动态随机存取存储器(Synchronous DRAM，SDRAM)、双倍数据速率同步动态随机存取存储器(Double Data Rate SDRAM，DDR SDRAM)、增强型同步动态随机存取存储器(Enhanced SDRAM，ESDRAM)、同步连接动态随机存取存储器(Synchlink DRAM，SLDRAM)和直接内存总线随机存取存储器(Direct Rambus RAM，DR RAM)。应注意，本文描述的系统和方法的存储器旨在包括但不限于这些和任意其它适合类型的存储器。
另外，本文中术语“系统”和“网络”在本文中常被可互换使用。本文中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
应理解，在本发明实施例中，“与A相应的B”表示B与A相关联，根据A可以确定B。但还应理解，根据A确定B并不意味着仅仅根据A确定B，还可以根据A和/或其它信息确定B。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本发明的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间 的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本发明各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。
所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本发明的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)、随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    电缆调制解调器终端系统CMTS在第一时段、通过第一频谱内有效载波发送参考信号，所述第一时段为与所述CMTS相连的所有电缆调制解调器CM在所述第一频谱内均不发送信号的时段；
    所述CMTS根据所述CMTS在所述第一时段接收的干扰信号，对所述CMTS接收信号时使用的占用所述第一频谱的信道进行信道干扰估计，所述干扰信号为所述CMTS发送的所述参考信号经过所述信道得到的信号；
    所述CMTS根据所述信道干扰估计的结果，消除所述CMTS接收的第一信号对所述CMTS接收的第二信号的干扰，所述第一信号为所述CMTS通过所述第一频谱内的载波发送的信号，所述第二信号为所述所有CM中的第一CM通过所述第一频谱内的载波发送的信号。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的通信方法，其特征在在于，所述通信方法还包括：
    所述CMTS对N个连续未使用载波块符号进行深度为M的时域交织，所述N个连续未使用载波块符号中的每个未使用载波块符号包括NCP和FEC码字，M和N为大于0的整数，N>M-1；
    所述CMTS生成所述参考信号，所述参考信号对应的参考序列承载于所述交织后的N+1-M个符号中。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的通信方法，其特征在于，所述通信方法还包括：
    所述CMTS向所述第一CM发送测距消息，指示所述第一CM进行时间推进TA调整,以便于所述第一CM在进行所述TA调整后发送所述第二信号。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的通信方法，其特征在于，所述通信方法还包括：
    所述CMTS在第二时段、通过第二频谱内有效载波发送参考信号，所述第二时段为所述所有CM在所述第二频谱内均不发送信号的时段；
    所述CMTS在第三时段、通过所述第二频谱内有效载波发送参考信号，所述第三时段为所述所有CM中的第二CM通过所述第二频谱内有效载波发送参考信号、而其他CM在所述第二频谱内均不发送信号的时段，以便于所 述其他CM中的第三CM根据所述第三CM在所述第二时段和所述第三时段接收的参考信号确定所述第二CM到所述第三CM的占用所述第二频谱的信道的信息。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的通信方法，其特征在于，所述通信方法还包括：
    所述CMTS接收所述第三CM发送的所述信道的信息。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的通信方法，其特征在于，所述通信方法还包括：
    所述CMTS发送用于指示所述CMTS将发送参考信号的指示信息、所述将发送的参考信号包括的载波块符号的数量信息和所述将发送的参考信号包括的载波块符号的位置信息。
  7. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    第一电缆调制解调器CM在第一时段，接收电缆调制解调器终端系统CMTS通过第一频谱内有效载波发送的参考信号，所述第一时段为与所述CMTS相连的所有CM在所述第一频谱内均不发送信号的时段，所述第一CM是所述所有CM中的CM；
    所述第一CM在第二时段接收第二CM通过所述第一频谱内有效载波发送的参考信号和所述CMTS通过所述第一频谱内有效载波发送的参考信号，所述第二CM为所述所有CM中的CM，所述第二时段为所述所有CM中除所述第二CM外的其他CM在所述第一频谱内均不发送信号的时段；
    所述第一CM根据所述第一时段和所述第二时段内接收的参考信号，确定所述第二CM到所述第一CM的占用所述第一频谱的信道的信息。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的通信方法，其特征在于，所述通信方法还包括：
    所述第一CM向所述CMTS发送所述信道的信息。
  9. 一种电缆调制解调器终端系统CMTS，其特征在于，包括：
    发送模块，用于在第一时段、通过第一频谱内有效载波发送参考信号，所述第一时段为与所述CMTS相连的所有电缆调制解调器CM在所述第一频谱内均不发送信号的时段；
    估计模块，用于根据所述CMTS在所述第一时段接收的干扰信号，对所述CMTS接收信号时使用的占用所述第一频谱的信道进行信道干扰估计，所 述干扰信号为所述CMTS发送的所述参考信号经过所述信道得到的信号；
    干扰消除模块，用于根据所述信道干扰估计的结果，消除所述CMTS接收的第一信号对所述CMTS接收的第二信号的干扰，所述第一信号为所述CMTS通过所述第一频谱内的载波发送的信号，所述第二信号为所述所有CM中的第一CM通过所述第一频谱内的载波发送的信号。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的CMTS，其特征在在于，所述CMTS还包括交织模块和生成模块：
    所述交织模块用于对N个连续未使用载波块符号进行深度为M的时域交织，所述N个连续未使用载波块符号中的每个未使用载波块符号包括NCP和FEC码字，M和N为大于0的整数，N>M-1；
    所述生成模块用于生成所述参考信号，所述参考信号对应的参考序列承载于所述交织模块交织后的N+1-M个符号中。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的CMTS，其特征在于，所述发送模块还用于向所述第一CM发送测距消息，指示所述第一CM进行时间推进TA调整，以便于所述第一CM在进行所述TA调整后发送所述第二信号。
  12. 根据权利要求9至11中任一项所述的CMTS，其特征在于，所述发送模块还用于：
    在第二时段、通过第二频谱内有效载波发送参考信号，所述第二时段为所述所有CM在所述第二频谱内均不发送信号的时段；
    在第三时段、通过所述第二频谱内有效载波发送参考信号，所述第三时段为所述所有CM中的第二CM通过所述第二频谱内有效载波发送参考信号、而其他CM在所述第二频谱内均不发送信号的时段，以便于所述其他CM中的第三CM根据所述第三CM在所述第二时段和所述第三时段接收的参考信号确定所述第二CM到所述第三CM的占用所述第二频谱的信道的信息。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的CMTS，其特征在于，所述CMTS还包括接收模块，用于接收所述第三CM发送的所述信道的信息。
  14. 根据权利要求9至13中任一项所述的CMTS，其特征在于，所述发送模块还用于：发送用于指示所述CMTS将发送参考信号的指示信息、所述将发送的参考信号包括的载波块符号的数量信息和所述将发送的参考信号包括的载波块符号的位置信息。
  15. 一种电缆调制解调器CM，其特征在于，包括：
    接收模块，用于在第一时段，接收电缆调制解调器终端系统CMTS通过第一频谱内有效载波发送的参考信号，所述第一时段为与所述CMTS相连的所有CM在所述第一频谱内均不发送信号的时段，所述所有CM包括所述CM；
    所述接收模块还用于在第二时段接收第二CM通过所述第一频谱内有效载波发送的参考信号和所述CMTS通过所述第一频谱内有效载波发送的参考信号，所述第二CM为所述所有CM中的CM，所述第二时段为所述所有CM中除所述第二CM外的其他CM在所述第一频谱内均不发送信号的时段；
    确定模块，用于根据所述第一时段和所述第二时段内接收的参考信号，确定所述第二CM到所述第一CM的占用所述第一频谱的信道的信息。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的CM，其特征在于，所述CM还包括发送模块，用于向所述CMTS发送所述信道的信息。
  17. 一种电缆Cable通信系统，其特征在于，包括如权利要求9至14中任一项所述的电缆调制解调器终端系统CMTS和如权利要求15至16中任一项所述的电缆调制解调器CM。
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