WO2018016629A1

WO2018016629A1 - State detection device using standing wave radar

Info

Publication number: WO2018016629A1
Application number: PCT/JP2017/026483
Authority: WO
Inventors: 光正齋藤; 真輝齋藤
Original assignee: 株式会社Ｃｑ－Ｓネット
Priority date: 2016-07-21
Filing date: 2017-07-21
Publication date: 2018-01-25
Also published as: JP6083057B1; JP2018013431A

Abstract

In the present invention, a distance spectrum computation unit removes the direct current component from the intensity distribution of the frequency of the combined wave detected by a standing wave detection unit and subjects the intensity distribution to a Fourier transform to obtain a distance spectrum. A differential detection unit subtracts a base period distance spectrum from the aforementioned distance spectrum to calculate the difference between the distance spectra, and this differential distance spectrum is obtained over time. A detection unit detects the state just before freezing by means of the decrease of the proportion of the water content in a food material serving as the measurement target, on the basis that the peak intensity of the differential distance spectrum changes on the basis of a change in the permittivity of the measurement target. When the state just before freezing is detected by the detection unit, a control unit controls the state of the food material to maintain a non-frozen state. As a result, it is possible to measure changes over time to the water content, and the like, of the measurement target, thus enabling, for example, maintenance of food freshness, discovery of abnormal sites in the human body, and detection of the activity status of a plant and the sweating state of a person.

Description

Status detector using standing wave radar

The present invention relates to a state detection device using a standing wave radar capable of measuring a distance to a measurement object and detecting a state of moisture or the like of the measurement object.

Conventionally, there has been no means for detecting at the time that a cared person sleeping on a bed has urinated in a diaper in a nursing facility or the like. Therefore, the caregiver has only a method of periodically checking or replacing the diaper of the cared person in order to eliminate the careless person's discomfort and keep it clean. Conventionally, the only way to measure the degree of drying of the laundry is to touch the clothes that are being dried after washing and detect them by touch. Therefore, it was impossible to continuously measure the change in moisture and detect the change in the state of moisture of the object over time at a remote place.

In Patent Document 1, a radio wave is transmitted from a radio wave sensor toward a paved road surface, a reflected wave from a reflection surface is received by the radio wave sensor, and the time from when the radio wave is transmitted until reception is used. Calculate the distance from the sensor to the reflection surface, calculate the reflection intensity of the reflected wave, determine the height of the reflection surface from the distance to the reflection surface, and from the reflection intensity, the state of the paved road surface is wet, completed, A system for determining whether it is frozen is disclosed.

Also, Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for detecting the danger of a human body using a standing wave radar. In this patent document 2, a standing wave that is a combined wave of a transmission wave and a reception wave is detected, a distance component is extracted from the frequency distribution to obtain a distance to a measurement target, and a measurement target is calculated from a phase component. Determine the person's breathing rate and pulse rate.

Japanese Patent No. 4099659 Japanese Patent No. 5377789

However, since the technique of Patent Document 1 uses a microwave pulse signal, the distance to the reflecting surface is obtained based on the time from transmission to reception of radio waves. As described above, in consideration of the speed of the microwave, if a radio wave sensor is not installed at a high position (for example, 10 m) above the road, a reflected wave cannot be received. There is a problem in that a spatial margin is required to install the radio wave sensor at a high position. In addition, when a large number of laundry items are hung on the rooftop or a veranda, it is difficult to individually detect moisture in the laundry items.

Further, although the technique of Patent Document 2 can detect the respiratory rate and pulse of the human body, it cannot detect the moisture change of the measurement object.

The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and can measure the distance of a measurement object even in a narrow space such as indoors, and can measure a change over time of moisture or the like of the measurement object. Furthermore, even when there are multiple objects to be measured, the distance and moisture are measured to maintain the freshness of food, detect abnormal parts of the human body, detect the activity of plants, and detect the state of human sweat. An object of the present invention is to provide a state detection device using a standing wave radar that can be applied.

The state detection device by the standing wave radar according to the first invention of the present application,
A standing wave that is transmitted from the transmitted wave and the received wave after the frequency-swept radio wave is transmitted to the outside and the reflected wave reflected by the external measurement target is detected at two points separated by a certain distance based on the transmission wavelength. A standing wave detector for detecting
From the intensity distribution of the frequency of the synthesized wave detected by the standing wave detection unit, the DC component is removed, Fourier transform, a distance spectrum calculation unit for obtaining a distance spectrum,
Subtracting the distance spectrum at the reference time from the distance spectrum, calculating the difference of the distance spectrum, and obtaining a difference distance spectrum over time,
A distance calculation unit for obtaining a distance to a measurement object by a distance component of the difference distance spectrum;
Monitor how the amplitude of the differential distance spectrum changes based on a change in the dielectric constant of the measurement object, and based on the change in the amplitude, immediately before freezing due to a decrease in the moisture content of the food material as the measurement object A detection unit for detecting the state of
When the detection unit detects a state immediately before freezing, the control unit for controlling the food material to a non-freezing state,
It is characterized by having.

The state detection device by the standing wave radar according to the second invention of the present application,
A standing wave that is transmitted from the transmitted wave and the received wave after the frequency-swept radio wave is transmitted to the outside and the reflected wave reflected by the external measurement target is detected at two points separated by a certain distance based on the transmission wavelength. A standing wave detector for detecting
From the intensity distribution of the frequency of the synthesized wave detected by the standing wave detection unit, the DC component is removed, and Fourier transform is performed, and a distance spectrum calculation unit that obtains a distance spectrum at a certain sampling time;
Subtracting the distance spectrum at the time of previous or predetermined sampling from the distance spectrum, calculating the difference of the distance spectrum, a difference detection unit for obtaining this difference distance spectrum over time,
A distance calculation unit for obtaining a distance to a measurement object by a distance component of the difference distance spectrum;
Monitor how the amplitude of the differential distance spectrum changes based on a change in the dielectric constant of the measurement object, and based on the change in the amplitude, immediately before freezing due to a decrease in the moisture content of the food material as the measurement object A detection unit for detecting the state of
When the detection unit detects a state immediately before freezing, the control unit for controlling the food material to a non-freezing state,
It is characterized by having.

In the first invention and the second invention,
The control unit can be configured to control the food material in an unfrozen state by irradiating the food material with a radio wave transmitted by the standing wave detection unit and dielectrically heating the food material. .

The state detection device by the standing wave radar according to the third invention of the present application,
A standing wave that is transmitted from the transmitted wave and the received wave after the frequency-swept radio wave is transmitted to the outside and the reflected wave reflected by the external measurement target is detected at two points separated by a certain distance based on the transmission wavelength. A standing wave detector for detecting
From the intensity distribution of the frequency of the synthesized wave detected by the standing wave detection unit, the DC component is removed, Fourier transform, a distance spectrum calculation unit for obtaining a distance spectrum,
Subtracting the distance spectrum at the reference time from the distance spectrum, calculating the difference of the distance spectrum, and obtaining a difference distance spectrum over time,
A distance calculation unit for obtaining a distance to a measurement object by a distance component of the difference distance spectrum;
Monitor how the amplitude of the differential distance spectrum changes based on a change in the dielectric constant of the measurement target, and based on the change in the amplitude, the presence of a foreign substance or an abnormal part in an organ in the human body as the measurement target And a determination unit that determines a change in dielectric constant,
It is characterized by having.

The state detection device by the standing wave radar according to the fourth invention of the present application is:
A standing wave that is transmitted from the transmitted wave and the received wave after the frequency-swept radio wave is transmitted to the outside and the reflected wave reflected by the external measurement target is detected at two points separated by a certain distance based on the transmission wavelength. A standing wave detector for detecting
From the intensity distribution of the frequency of the synthesized wave detected by the standing wave detection unit, the DC component is removed, and Fourier transform is performed, and a distance spectrum calculation unit that obtains a distance spectrum at a certain sampling time;
Subtracting the distance spectrum at the time of previous or predetermined sampling from the distance spectrum, calculating the difference of the distance spectrum, a difference detection unit for obtaining this difference distance spectrum over time,
A distance calculation unit for obtaining a distance to a measurement object by a distance component of the difference distance spectrum;
Monitor how the amplitude of the differential distance spectrum changes based on a change in the dielectric constant of the measurement target, and based on the change in the amplitude, the presence of a foreign substance or an abnormal part in an organ in the human body as the measurement target And a determination unit that determines a change in dielectric constant,
It is characterized by having.

The state detection device by the standing wave radar according to the fifth invention of the present application,
A standing wave that is transmitted from the transmitted wave and the received wave after the frequency-swept radio wave is transmitted to the outside and the reflected wave reflected by the external measurement target is detected at two points separated by a certain distance based on the transmission wavelength. A standing wave detector for detecting
From the intensity distribution of the frequency of the synthesized wave detected by the standing wave detection unit, the DC component is removed, Fourier transform, a distance spectrum calculation unit for obtaining a distance spectrum,
Subtracting the distance spectrum at the reference time from the distance spectrum, calculating the difference of the distance spectrum, and obtaining a difference distance spectrum over time,
A distance calculation unit for obtaining a distance to a measurement object by a distance component of the difference distance spectrum;
Monitor the process of changing the amplitude of the difference distance spectrum based on the change of the dielectric constant of the measurement object, and based on the change of the amplitude, detect the change of moisture flowing through the trunk of the plant as the measurement object, A determination unit for determining the activity status of the plant;
It is characterized by having.

The state detection device by the standing wave radar according to the sixth invention of the present application,
A standing wave that is transmitted from the transmitted wave and the received wave after the frequency-swept radio wave is transmitted to the outside and the reflected wave reflected by the external measurement target is detected at two points separated by a certain distance based on the transmission wavelength. A standing wave detector for detecting
From the intensity distribution of the frequency of the synthesized wave detected by the standing wave detection unit, the DC component is removed, and Fourier transform is performed, and a distance spectrum calculation unit that obtains a distance spectrum at a certain sampling time;
Subtracting the distance spectrum at the time of previous or predetermined sampling from the distance spectrum, calculating the difference of the distance spectrum, a difference detection unit for obtaining this difference distance spectrum over time,
A distance calculation unit for obtaining a distance to a measurement object by a distance component of the difference distance spectrum;
Monitor the process of changing the amplitude of the difference distance spectrum based on the change of the dielectric constant of the measurement object, and based on the change of the amplitude, detect the change of moisture flowing through the trunk of the plant as the measurement object, A determination unit for determining the activity status of the plant;
It is characterized by having.

The state detection device by the standing wave radar according to the seventh invention of the present application,
A standing wave that is transmitted from the transmitted wave and the received wave after the frequency-swept radio wave is transmitted to the outside and the reflected wave reflected by the external measurement target is detected at two points separated by a certain distance based on the transmission wavelength. A standing wave detector for detecting
From the intensity distribution of the frequency of the synthesized wave detected by the standing wave detection unit, the DC component is removed, Fourier transform, a distance spectrum calculation unit for obtaining a distance spectrum,
Subtracting the distance spectrum at the reference time from the distance spectrum, calculating the difference of the distance spectrum, and obtaining a difference distance spectrum over time,
A distance calculation unit for obtaining a distance to a measurement object by a distance component of the difference distance spectrum;
A detector that monitors the change in the amplitude of the differential distance spectrum based on a change in the dielectric constant of the measurement target, and detects a change in human sweat as the measurement target based on the change in the amplitude;
Based on the change in sweat detected by the detection unit, a control unit for controlling the air conditioning state around the person,
It is characterized by having.

The state detection device by the standing wave radar according to the eighth invention of the present application is:
A standing wave that is transmitted from the transmitted wave and the received wave after the frequency-swept radio wave is transmitted to the outside and the reflected wave reflected by the external measurement target is detected at two points separated by a certain distance based on the transmission wavelength. A standing wave detector for detecting
From the intensity distribution of the frequency of the synthesized wave detected by the standing wave detection unit, the DC component is removed, and Fourier transform is performed, and a distance spectrum calculation unit that obtains a distance spectrum at a certain sampling time;
Subtracting the distance spectrum at the time of previous or predetermined sampling from the distance spectrum, calculating the difference of the distance spectrum, a difference detection unit for obtaining this difference distance spectrum over time,
A distance calculation unit for obtaining a distance to a measurement object by a distance component of the difference distance spectrum;
A detector that monitors the change in the amplitude of the differential distance spectrum based on a change in the dielectric constant of the measurement target, and detects a change in human sweat as the measurement target based on the change in the amplitude;
Based on the change in sweat detected by the detection unit, a control unit for controlling the air conditioning state around the person,
It is characterized by having.

In the state detection device by these standing wave radars,
The distance calculation unit can be further configured to obtain a minute displacement of the measurement object from a change in the phase of the distance spectrum. In addition, a band pass filter may be provided that extracts a plurality of signals having center frequencies corresponding to the plurality of peak positions from the difference distance spectrum of the difference detection unit and outputs the signals to the distance calculation unit as a difference distance spectrum. it can.

According to the present invention, it is possible to detect the moisture content of the measurement object together with the distance to the measurement object. For this reason, the freshness of the food material can be maintained by detecting the state immediately before the freezing of the moisture of the food material from the state detection of the moisture change or the like and maintaining this state. In addition, it is possible to detect a foreign substance or an abnormal part in a human body, for example, to detect the presence of cancer separately from a blood clot or the like. Furthermore, since the amount of water flowing through the trunk of the plant can be detected, the activity status of the plant can be remotely detected. Furthermore, since the state of human sweat can also be detected, the air blowing direction of the air conditioner can be directed to a person who is sweating, and the strength of the air conditioning can be controlled by the amount of sweat.

It is a figure which shows the state detection apparatus by the standing wave radar of 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the state detection apparatus by the standing wave radar of 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the basic composition of a standing wave radar. It is a figure which shows the wavelength of a transmission wave. It is a figure which shows the power of a synthetic wave. It is a figure after Fourier transform. It is a figure which shows the power of a synthetic wave. It is a figure which shows the basic composition of the standing wave radar with respect to a some target. It is a spectrum figure which shows the target component pa (fd, 0). It is a wave form diagram which shows the structure of a difference detection part. It is a figure which shows the distance spectrum in case there are two targets. It is a figure which shows the real part and imaginary part of the spectrum of a synthetic wave. It is the longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the external view and structure of the LED lighting fixture which concern on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the freezing of a foodstuff material, and a dielectric constant. It is a figure which shows embodiment which utilized this invention for the breast cancer screening. It is a figure which shows embodiment which detects the quantity of the water which flows through the trunk of a plant. It is a figure which shows embodiment which detects the state of a person's sweat.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a moisture detection apparatus using a standing wave radar according to the present embodiment. The standing wave detection unit 2 is configured as a standing wave radar module, and a 24 GHz high frequency transmission / reception unit 4 is provided in the standing wave radar module. The 24 GHz high frequency transmission / reception unit 4 is a module in which a 24 GHz band VCO (voltage controlled oscillator) and the planar antenna 3 are integrated. The transmitter / receiver 4 transmits the radio wave 1 from the planar antenna 3 by the VCO, and the reflected wave from the reflected object as the measurement target is detected by the antenna 3. The transmitter / receiver 4 includes two

detectors

5a and 5b, and the

detectors

5a and 5b detect transmission waves and reception waves.

When the radio wave 1 is transmitted from the antenna 3, if there is a reflecting object, the reflected wave returns to the antenna 3, and waves having the same frequency but different traveling directions overlap to generate a standing wave that is a composite wave. A transmission signal (traveling wave) and a reception signal (reflected wave) are mixed on the line connecting the VCO and the antenna 3 and on the antenna feeding unit, and a standing wave is generated by combining them. In this case, since the sweep voltage supplied to the VCO must be kept constant at least until the transmitted radio wave is reflected by the reflected body and returned, the sweep voltage needs to be changed in steps. There is. And the signal level of the mixed wave with respect to several frequencies is detected by

detector

5a, 5b by controlling VCO and switching a frequency sequentially. The

detectors

5a and 5b detect the power of the transmission wave, the power of the reflected wave, and the component generated by the standing wave. The obtained detection signal is amplified in a necessary band of 400 kHz or less by the

operational amplifiers

6 a and 6 b and input to the signal processing unit 8.

The signal processing unit 8 configured as a radar control module substrate generates a frequency control voltage that is FM-modulated by the modulation signal generation unit 10. This frequency control voltage is converted into an analog signal by the DA converter 9, and further, this frequency control signal is amplified via the operational amplifier 7 and then input to the control input of the VCO of the 24 GHz high frequency module 4. With this frequency control signal, the VCO sweeps the frequency of the transmitted radio wave.

In the signal processing unit 8, the detection signals amplified by the

operational amplifiers

6 a and 6 b are input to the AD conversion unit 11 and then input to the distance spectrum calculation unit 12. The distance spectrum calculation unit 12 removes the DC component from the intensity distribution of the frequency of the synthesized wave detected by the standing wave detection unit 2 and performs Fourier transform to obtain a distance spectrum. This distance spectrum is input to the difference detection unit 13. The difference detection unit 13 subtracts the distance spectrum at the reference time from the distance spectrum, calculates the difference of the distance spectrum, and obtains the difference distance spectrum over time. The difference distance spectrum is input to the distance calculation unit 14. And the distance calculating part 14 calculates | requires the distance to a measuring object with the distance component of the said difference distance spectrum. And the determination part 15 monitors the process in which the amplitude of a difference distance spectrum changes based on the change of the dielectric constant of a measuring object, and determines the change of the water | moisture content in a measuring object based on the change of the amplitude.

In the signal processing unit 8, the detection signal is converted into a digital signal by the AD conversion unit 11 and then input to the distance spectrum calculation unit 12. In the distance spectrum calculation unit 12, the input signal is a periodic function, and the period is inversely proportional to the distance from the reflected body. Therefore, the frequency which is the reciprocal of the period is obtained by Fourier-transforming the signal. Thus, the distance from this frequency to the object to be reflected can be obtained. Further, it is possible to detect minute displacement information of the reflected object based on the obtained waveform phase. For example, in the case of 24 GHz, the minute displacement is a value obtained by dividing the speed of light by 4πf, and a displacement in the range of about ± 3.125 mm can be detected. Thus, by processing the signals detected from the

detectors

5a and 5b, the distance from the reflected object, the velocity and displacement of the reflected object are calculated, and the change with time is measured, thereby reflecting the reflected light. The state of the body can be detected.

The determination unit 15 detects a change in moisture to be measured, and the determination result is output to an external alarm device by wired or wireless, and an alarm signal is generated or output to an external display device, and this display is performed. Display on the device.

Next, the configuration of the signal processing unit 8 will be described in more detail. As shown in FIG. 3, the standing wave is generated by interference between the transmission wave VT generated from the VCO as a signal source and the reflected waves VR1, VR2, VR3,. The standing wave radar detects the amount of moisture to be measured by using the standing wave, and measures the distances d1, d2, d3... Dn to each measurement object.

The transmission wave (traveling wave) is expressed by the following mathematical formula 1, where the amplitude of the signal source is A, the frequency is f (t), and the speed of light is c (3 × 10 ⁸ m / s). However, the frequency f (t) is represented by f0 and fd as shown in FIG.

If the distance of the kth target is dk, the ratio of the magnitude of the reflected wave to the transmitted wave at an arbitrary point on the x axis is γk (the magnitude of the reflection coefficient), and the phase difference is φk (the phase of the reflection coefficient). The reflected wave from the target can be expressed by Equation 2 below.

Since the detection output detected from the antenna is a composite wave, the amplitude Vc is expressed by the following formula 3, and the power is the square of the amplitude, so the power of the composite wave is expressed by the following formula 4.

Since the magnitude of the transmitted wave is orders of magnitude larger than the magnitude of the reflected wave, γk is extremely smaller than 1. Therefore, substituting Equation 1 and Equation 2 into Equation 4 to obtain approximate values yields Equation 5 below.

In the formula 5, the first term in {} indicates the power of the transmission wave, the second term indicates the power of the reflected wave, and the third term indicates the change in power due to the standing wave. The conventional radar receives the reflected wave of the second term and performs signal processing. In the present invention, the signal of the third term is processed. Therefore, in order to delete the first item and the second item, the synthesized wave power p (fd, xs) is differentiated by fd, and the first item and the second item are removed.

Here, assuming that the number of targets (reflectors) is 1, n = 1 is substituted into Equation 5, and the following Equation 6 is obtained. The formula 6 is graphed as shown in FIG. That is, the power of the composite wave is the sum of the fixed value 1 + γ ² and the periodic function. In FIG. 5, the frequency of the periodic function (reciprocal of the period) is c / 2d, and a component of distance d is entered. For this reason, if the frequency is obtained from the period, the distance d is obtained. When the direct current component 1 + γ ² is removed from Equation 6 and Fourier transform is performed, a distance spectrum P (x) is obtained as shown in FIG.

First, if the variables are replaced with respect to the Fourier transform formula shown in the following formula 7, and further the Fourier transform is performed with the observation position as the origin, a distance spectrum shown in the following formula 8 is obtained. However, Sa (z) = sin (z) / z. In Equation 8, the direct current component is not cut. When a function having a period is Fourier-expanded, it is decomposed into a direct current component and a vibration component (sin, cos) included in the function. The distance spectrum is expressed by the following formula 8 as its formula.

Incidentally, A ² f _w Equation _{^{8 (1 + Σγ k 2)}} Sa (2πf w / c) x) is the DC component, the DC component, in the actual circuit, is removed by the capacitor.

The distance spectrum P (x) represented by the last equation of Equation 8 is shown in a graph as shown in FIG. Then, the direct current component of the first item in {} of Equation 8 is removed, the third item is removed by converting the cos component into a complex sine wave (analysis signal), and the second item of the standing wave component is removed. Ingredients can be extracted. However, as indicated by a broken line in FIG. 7, the imaginary signal leaks into the component of the second item in {} of Equation 8. That is, the imaginary signal leaks into this portion of the standing wave component.

In order to solve such a problem, for example, as shown in FIG. 8, when detecting a signal obtained by synthesizing a transmission wave and its reflection wave, the wavelength of the transmission wave is λ, and is separated by λ / 8. The signal level can be detected at the two points. In other words, when the traveling direction of the radar is taken on the x-axis, the antenna receives reflected waves from n targets (n is a natural number, only two in the figure) that are reflected bodies, and this is transmitted along with the transmitted waves. , Detected by two power detectors separated by λ / 8 in the x-axis direction, and this is signal-processed. At this time, assuming that the power levels detected by the two detectors are p (f _d , x ₁ ) and p (f _d , x ₂ ), the output of the detector placed at the position of x ₁ = 0 is detected. Substituting x ₁ = x _s = 0 into Equation 5 indicating the power, it is obtained as p (f _d , 0) shown in Equation 9 below, and the output of the detector placed at the position of x ₁ = −λ / 8 Is obtained by substituting x ₂ = x _s = −λ / 8 into Equation 5 indicating the detection power, and p (f _d , −λ / 8) shown in Equation 9 below. As shown in Equation 9, by detecting the standing wave at two points separated by λ / 8, the standing wave component of the detector output placed at each position (0, −λ / 8) A quadrature component of cos and sin is obtained, whereby the virtual image signal can be erased, and the influence of the signal leaking from the virtual image side can be eliminated. That is, this is an analysis signal obtained by a vector synthesized from orthogonal components of cos and sin (X-axis component and Y-axis component). Normally, the imaginary axis side signal cannot be measured, but the imaginary axis side signal can be measured at the position of -λ / 8, and a vector composite signal can be formed. Since the rotational speed of this vector becomes a frequency, in this embodiment, this frequency and phase are analyzed. In addition,

In Equation 9, if the standing wave component of the output of the detector at the position of x _s = 0 is a and the standing wave component of the output of the detector at the position of x _s = −λ / 8 is b, then a , B is expressed by the following formula 10. Then, when the last expression consisting of the three terms of Expression 8 is replaced based on Expression 11 below, Expression 12 and Expression 13 below are obtained. That is, it is possible to replace the X axis and Y axis (real signal, imaginary axis signal) obtained by Equation 10 with a form converted to a real signal. Equation 13 exactly represents the signal in the time direction and the signal at the rotation axis, but it turns out that the analysis signal that rotates can be calculated by this equation 13 in the end.

P _{DC on} the right side of Equation 12 is a direct current component, and m (f _d ) cos (θ (f _d ) −4π (f ₀ + f _d ) / c · x _s ) is a periodically changing standing wave component. is there. As described above, this standing wave component is a composite component a + jb of the component a at the position of x _s = 0 and the component b at the position of x _s = −λ / 8, which is an orthogonal component of sin and cos, By synthesizing the analysis signal from a and b, the influence of the unnecessary signal (the signal leaked from the imaginary number side shown in FIG. 7) is removed. Accordingly, by analyzing this value (signal in Equation 13), the component _p a _(f d, 0) of the object shown in FIG. 9 is obtained.

Therefore, in the analytic signal of Equation 13, the detected signal intensity varies depending on the magnitude of the reflection coefficient γk. In other words, if the time transition of the signal intensity of the analytic signal is measured, it can be mentioned that the change in the reflection coefficient γk is one of the causes when the intensity changes. That is, a change in signal intensity caused by a change in γk (a magnitude of the reflection coefficient) of each frequency in the frequency distribution indicates a change in the state of the measurement target.

The reflection coefficient γ at the boundary surface between two substances having different dielectric constants is expressed by the following formula 14 where the dielectric constants are ε1 and ε2.

As described above, the reflection intensity at the boundary surface is determined by the difference in specific dielectric constant of each medium forming the boundary surface, and the polarity of the reflected waveform is also determined by the relative relationship of the relative dielectric constant. Therefore, the reflection intensity of the radio wave varies depending on the magnitude of the reflection coefficient γ, and the reflection coefficient γ varies depending on the dielectric constant. Therefore, the reflection intensity varies due to a change in the material of the reflection surface. For example, since water has a high dielectric constant and high radio wave reflection intensity, it can be distinguished from reflection from the skin, and the water film formation status can be determined by the change in reflection intensity, so it is thinly wet. And a thick water film can be distinguished.

The dielectric constant (relative dielectric constant) is, for example, 4.2 for water, 1.3-2 for silk, 1.00 for air, 3.0-15.0 for salt, 80 for water, 3-7 for cotton. .5, snow is 3.3, and glass is 3.7 to 10.0. Since water has a high dielectric constant and high radio wave reflection strength, it is possible to distinguish water-containing asphalt or concrete from dry asphalt or concrete, and the formation of a water film due to changes in reflection intensity Therefore, it is possible to distinguish between a thinly wet state and a thick water film. Therefore, in the case of rain observation on the road, it is possible to determine whether the road surface condition is "dry", "wet", or "flooding" by monitoring the change in reflection intensity. It is. It is possible to reset the measurement location when it begins to get wet (before flooding, when it starts to rain), and then monitor and record, and zero adjustment (offset adjustment) is automatically performed when the measurement location starts to get wet. Doing so eliminates the need for regular adjustments.

In addition, since the radio wave sensor uses weak radio waves, it is not necessary to apply for a radio station. In the case of standing wave radar, since it is reflected directly by the human body wrapped in clothes through the clothes and the futon, the surface of the human body is wet even if the futon is applied. Can be detected.

As described above, a change in the wet condition of the measurement target can be detected based on a change in the amplitude intensity of the distance spectrum obtained by the distance spectrum calculation unit 12. The distance spectrum of the standing wave due to the reflected wave is included. Therefore, the difference detection unit 13 deletes the reference distance spectrum from the measured distance spectrum and calculates the difference distance spectrum. FIG. 10A shows the distance spectrum P (x) obtained by the distance spectrum calculation unit 12. In this measurement result, there is no object to be measured that contains moisture, and what is attributed to the reflected wave from the environment is required. Therefore, the distance spectrum obtained at the specific reference time is set as P ₀ (x), and the distance spectrum P ₀ (x) at the reference time is subtracted from the distance spectrum P (x) obtained at each subsequent sampling time. That is, −P ₀ (x) shown in FIG. 10B is added to the distance spectrum P (x) obtained at each sampling time. For this reason, from the difference detection part 13, when there is no measuring object containing a water | moisture content, as shown in FIG.10 (c), 0 signal is obtained. Therefore, when water is contained in the measurement target at a certain sampling time, the amplitude of the distance spectrum of the water appears as shown in FIG. When the reference spectrum −P ₀ (x) in FIG. 10B is also added to the distance spectrum at the time of sampling, as shown in FIG. 10E, P (x) −P ₀ (x) A distance spectrum is obtained, in which only the amplitude of the peak intensity due to moisture appears. In this way, the difference detection unit 13 obtains the amplitude of the distance spectrum due to the change of moisture by reducing the influence of the reflection from the measurement target environment by taking the difference of the distance spectrum. Can do.

The distance spectrum when measured is two, as shown in FIG. _11, the power p of _{_{x s = 0 (f d,}} 0) and _x s = _-λ / 8 power p _(f d of - A frequency corresponding to the distance is obtained by removing a direct current component from the combined wave with λ / 8) and performing Fourier transform, and the distances d ₁ and d ₂ are obtained.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a true spectrum and an imaginary spectrum of a composite wave. The speed c of the radio wave is about 300,000 km / second. When the frequency of the transmitted wave is swept with a 75 MHz width (fw), the wavelength of 75 MHz is c / fw = 4 m. However, since the sweep for sampling the waveform is 4 m in the round trip, the distance is 2 m, which is half of that. This 2m is called one period. Therefore, when 20 m is measured with a sweep width of 75 MHz, 10 cycles are measured. Assuming that the sweep time is 256 μs, the frequency of the observed waveform is 10/256 μs = 39 kHz. Similarly, when 200 m is measured, since 100 cycles, 100/256 μs = 390 kHz. The frequency level of the detected spectrum shown in FIG. 12 indicates the intensity of reflection, and the frequency is replaced with distance. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 11, when a peak appears at 39 kHz after Fourier transform, it is understood that this is a reflected wave from a position of distance d ₁ = 10 m, and when a peak appears at 390 kHz, It can be seen that this is a reflected wave from a position at a distance d ₂ = 100 m. In this way, when the detected power pa (fd) of the combined wave of the detector is differentiated to remove the direct current component and Fourier transform is performed, the distance to the measurement object can be obtained.

When the sweep width is 200 MHz, one cycle is 0.75 m, and therefore, measurement of 10 m observes 10 / 0.75 = 13.3 cycles, and when the sweep time is 256 μs, 13.3 /256=51.9 kHz. That is, when the sweep width is 200 MHz, when the peak appears at 51.9 kHz, the distance to the object to be reflected is observed as 10 m. Therefore, by adjusting the sweep width and adjusting the sweep time, the frequency of the detection output can be adjusted, and the bandwidth is limited by the Radio Law, so the sweep time is generally variable. Thus, the distance to the object to be reflected is measured.

Next, minute displacement measurement will be described. Focusing on the phase in Equation 8, the phase Ψk for the k-th target is obtained as the angle of sin in the first equation of Equation 15 below, and φ _k is the initial phase and therefore disappears in the change amount, so the distance d _k If the amount of change is Δd _k and the amount of change in phase is ΔΨ _k , the second equation of Equation 14 is obtained, and this is transformed to obtain Equation 16 below.

From this equation 16, a small displacement of the distance d is obtained. When the frequency is 24 GHz, a displacement of ± 3.125 mm can be detected.

As described above, the distance and minute displacement of the reflected body can be measured by analyzing the standing wave obtained by combining the reflected wave from the reflected body with the transmission wave. If this measurement result is grasped over time, the distance, speed, and displacement of the reflector can be measured, and eventually the movement of the reflector can be measured. With conventional radars, it was difficult to measure distances of 1 to 2 m or less, but according to the present invention, distances can be measured from a close distance close to 0 m to a long distance of 200 m. Further, in the case of the present invention, a minute displacement can be detected, and the relative displacement resolution reaches 0.01 mm. In addition, in the case of standing wave radar, moisture of the measurement target can be detected through clothes, curtains, and the like, and minute fluctuations in the distance to the measurement target can be detected.

As described above, according to the present invention, when the peak intensity of the distance spectrum expressed by Equation 13 changes depending on the magnitude of the reflection coefficient γk, and moisture increases in the measurement target, the dielectric constant ε of moisture increases. Therefore, the measurement principle is to detect moisture by increasing the reflection coefficient γk expressed by Equation 14 and increasing the peak intensity of the distance spectrum. As described above, since the peak intensity is observed, it is easy to detect moisture even when there are a plurality of measurement objects. However, if there are many measurement objects and the distance between the measurement objects is short, for example, a plurality of (two in the illustrated example) distance spectra shown in FIG. May become impossible to separate. In this case, it becomes impossible to obtain the phase difference necessary for measuring the above-described minute displacement for each measurement object. In such a case, the two distance spectra can be separated by applying a band pass filter.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an embodiment in this case. The difference distance spectrum output from the difference detector 13 is input to the band pass filter 16. The band pass filter 16 is a notch type band pass filter that outputs a signal having a minimum gain at a frequency intermediate between the center frequencies corresponding to the plurality of peak positions from the difference distance spectrum of the difference detector 13. The difference distance spectrum output from the band pass filter 16 becomes a plurality of difference distance spectra separated between peak positions. Each of these difference distance spectra is input to the distance calculation unit 14, and a minute displacement can be obtained from the phase difference.

The sensor configured as described above can be incorporated in the LED lighting apparatus. FIG. 13 is an external view and an internal exploded view of a standing-wave radar built-in LED lighting fixture. The case of the LED lighting fixture is formed of a base 21 that can be attached to an existing socket, a resin material such as ABS, or an aluminum material, a case main body 22 having a heat dissipation function, and transparent or translucent ABS or polycarbonate. It is comprised from the translucent cover 23 which consists of translucent resin material or glass. The translucent cover 23 has a lens shape that diffuses light or narrows the light beam. There are many LED lighting fixtures, but the present invention can be applied to any LED lighting fixture. The LED lighting apparatus includes a surface-mounted LED 26, a standing wave radar module 28 (standing wave detecting unit 2), and LED control inside a case constituted by a base 21, a case body 22, and a cover 23. The unit 30 is stored. The lower half of the base 21 is a part that is screwed into the socket, and is formed of a conductive material. The upper half of the base 21 is an insulating support. The upper end portion of the insulating support of the base 21 is provided with a screw portion 21a extending along the circumferential direction at the inner peripheral edge portion thereof, and the lower end portion of the case body 22 is also provided around the outer peripheral edge portion thereof. A screw portion 22a extending in the direction is provided, and the base 21 and the case main body 22 are connected by screwing the screw portion 21a to the screw portion 22a. Further, a screw portion 22b is formed at the upper end portion of the case main body 22, and a screw portion 23a is formed at the lower end portion of the cover 23. By screwing the screw portion 23a into the screw portion 22b, the cover 23 and the case main body are formed. 22 are connected to each other.

An insulating substrate fixing guide frame 32 is installed in the case body 22, and the substrate 31 of the LED control unit 30 is fixed to the guide frame 32. The substrate 31 is fixed to the guide frame 32 with its surface in the vertical direction, that is, with its surface parallel to the central axis of the lighting fixture. The LED control unit 30 is mounted on the substrate 31 and is disposed in a space surrounded by the case body 22 and the base 21. The substrate 31 is supplied with 100 V AC power supplied from outside in the base 21, and this power is AC-DC converted by a converter mounted on the substrate 21, and then the LED control unit 30. To be supplied.

An aluminum substrate 25 with excellent heat dissipation is disposed on the upper end of the case body 22 with its surface horizontal. The aluminum substrate 25 is supported on the edge of the upper end portion of the case body 22, but the substrate 31 extends through the aluminum substrate 25 into the cover 23. A radar control module board 27 is supported on the upper end of the board 31 with its surface horizontal, and a standing wave radar module 28 is mounted on the radar control module board 27. On the aluminum substrate 25, a plurality of (seven in the illustrated example) LEDs 26 are arranged at evenly spaced positions around the central axis of the lighting fixture, that is, at equally spaced positions on the circumference. The wiring of the substrate 31 is connected to the power supply line of the aluminum substrate 25, and power is supplied from the LED control unit 30 to the LED 26 mounted on the aluminum substrate 25 via the wiring on the substrate 31, and the LED 26 emits light. It is like that. The standing wave radar module 28 mounted on the radar control module board 27 is supplied with power via wiring on the board 31, and the standing wave radar module 28 transmits and receives radio waves such as microwaves, thereby The control module board 27 transmits the detection signal to an external relay device wirelessly. An antenna 3 is installed on the upper surface of the standing wave radar module 28, and radio waves are transmitted and received through the antenna 8a. The standing wave radar module 28 can be tilted with respect to the radar control module substrate 27. By tilting the standing wave radar module 28, the directivity direction of the antenna 3 can be adjusted. ing.

Next, the operation of the state detection apparatus using the standing wave radar according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described together with a usage example. First, a sensor incorporating a state detection device using a standing wave radar according to the present invention is installed toward a measurement object. Then, the standing wave detection unit 2 detects a standing wave that is a combined wave of the transmission wave and the reception wave. The standing wave detection signal is input to the distance spectrum calculation unit 12 via the AD conversion unit 11, and the distance spectrum is calculated. Then, a difference distance spectrum is obtained from the distance spectrum by the difference detection unit 13. The distance calculation unit 14 calculates the distance between the sensor and the measurement object from the difference distance spectrum as described above. As a result, it can be seen that the peak position of this differential distance spectrum is the distance (for example, 2.5 m) between the sensor and the measurement object, as shown in FIG. And the determination part 15 monitors the time-dependent change of the peak intensity about the difference distance spectrum which has a peak position in this 2.5-m position. Then, when the peak intensity increases, the determination unit 15 can detect that the dielectric constant is changed due to the change in the moisture content of the measurement target, and the reflection intensity is increased. The time when the peak intensity increases can be determined as the time when the amount of water increases. In addition, since moisture is detected by the standing wave of the reflected wave and the transmission wave by the radar, since the radar penetrates the clothes, it is possible to detect moisture on the body and foreign objects in the body wrapped in the clothes. .

When the measurement objects are at the distance d1 and the distance d2, radar waves are emitted from the sensors to the measurement objects, and the reflected waves from the measurement objects (d1, d2) are detected by the sensors. And the difference detection part 13 makes the distance spectrum of a specific time the distance spectrum of a reference time with respect to the distance spectrum of the distance d1, and obtained the distance spectrum for every fixed sampling time (Fig.10 (a)). From this, the distance spectrum at the reference time (FIG. 10B) is subtracted to calculate the difference distance spectrum (FIG. 10C). As a result, if there is no change from the distance spectrum P0 (x) at the reference time, the difference distance spectrum obtained at each sampling time becomes 0 as shown in FIG. Then, as shown in FIG. 10D, when moisture is present in the measurement target, a distance spectrum P (x) including a spectrum due to the moisture is obtained. As a result, as shown in FIG. 10 (e), only the distance spectrum due to moisture appears in the difference distance spectrum P (x) -P0 (x). Therefore, the determination unit 15 can monitor the difference distance spectrum and determine the time point when the difference distance spectrum becomes 0 as the drying completion time point. In this way, the state of moisture to be measured can be individually detected.

Dielectric constant is 2.3 for polyethylene that constitutes the fiber of clothing, 3.0 for cotton, 80 for water, clothing has a large difference in dielectric constant from water, and the peak intensity of the distance spectrum shows the wet state of each clothing Therefore, the moisture state of the measurement target can be detected. And in this embodiment, since distance measurement is possible by a standing wave, it is possible to measure individually the water | moisture-content state of several measurement object from which distance differs.

Next, an example in which moisture is detected by applying the present invention will be described. First, the example which used the state detection apparatus by the standing wave radar of this invention in order to maintain the freshness of a foodstuff material is demonstrated. In this embodiment, the control part which controls the frozen state (temperature is included) of the foodstuff material as a measuring object is provided in the sensor. And the determination part of this embodiment detects the state just before freezing based on the reduction | decrease of the ratio of the water | moisture content of the said foodstuff material. FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing the change over time in the dielectric constant and temperature of the food material when the food material is cooled in the present embodiment. When the food material is cooled, the water in the food material is gradually frozen and eventually all the water is frozen. As described above, there is a correlation between the amount of water and the dielectric constant. The dielectric constant of water is about 80, and the dielectric constant of ice is about 4.2. As shown by the one-dot chain line in FIG. 14, the dielectric constant decreases during the freezing period, the dielectric constant stabilizes at a high value before freezing, and the dielectric constant stabilizes at a low value after freezing. To do. Therefore, in the present invention, as shown by the solid line in FIG. 14, when the state detection device using the standing wave radar of the present invention detects that the decrease in the dielectric constant has started (time t ₀ ), For example, the temperature of the food material is controlled so that the temperature of the food material becomes constant without further freezing of moisture. Thereby, the fall of the dielectric constant of a food material is prevented, and the moisture content in a food material is maintained at a high value.

Thus, the freshness of the food material can be kept high by preventing the water in the food material from freezing and storing the food material so that the water content is sufficiently retained. In this case, the water content in the food material can be further ensured by maintaining the food material in a supercooled state or by rapidly freezing after the supercooling.

Factors that change the quality of food include (a) spoilage and fermentation by microorganisms, (b) degradation by enzymes in food, (c) chemical action such as oxidation, (d) physical action such as drying, (e ) It has physiological activity of food itself such as respiration and transpiration for fruits and vegetables. And as energy and moisture are consumed over time, the nutritional value decreases and the appearance also grows. In general, microorganisms are difficult to grow as the temperature decreases, and even bacteria that are relatively resistant to low temperatures hardly grow at temperatures below -10 ° C. Even when the water in the food is frozen to become ice, the water that can be used by the microorganism is reduced, so that the activity of the microorganism is further reduced. On the other hand, the enzymes are resistant to low temperatures, and some enzymes work even at −30 ° C. Therefore, it is necessary to set the temperature to −35 to −40 ° C. to completely stop the action of the enzymes. The higher the temperature, the faster the chemical action due to oxidation, etc., which causes the food quality to deteriorate, and the physical action such as drying, the slower the lower the temperature, and the slower the physiological activity of the food itself, such as breathing or transpiration, the lower If the cells freeze, the activity stops. Therefore, conventionally, food materials are kept at a low temperature of about −20 ° C. where all life activities stop, and are stored for a long time.

However, when the food material is stored in a frozen state, ice produced by freezing has an adverse effect on the food material. For meat and seafood, 70 to 80% of the water is used, and for fruits and vegetables, 80 to 90% of the water. When the food material is cooled, the moisture changes to solid ice, and when the water transforms into ice, the volume expands. When large ice crystals are formed in food cells, the cells are destroyed and frozen in that state. When the frozen food material is thawed, the moisture from the broken cells flows out, and the taste components and nutrients are lost from the food material together with the moisture, and the texture of the food itself becomes worse.

However, if the ice crystals are small, the quality deterioration of the food material due to this cell destruction will be small. As a method for cooling without breaking the cells, there is a method using supercooling. The temperature at which water turns into ice crystals is called the freezing point. If the freezing point is 0 ° C if it is pure water, the higher the concentration of this solute, the higher the concentration of this solute, Freezing point is lowered. Amino acids, minerals, and the like are dissolved in the moisture in the food material, and the freezing point is low. The freezing point of the food material varies depending on the food, but is about -1 to -5 ° C. Each food material begins to freeze at its own freezing point, but in the unfrozen temperature range (ice temperature range) from 0 ° C to the freezing point, the living body produces antifreeze substances so that it does not freeze itself, For example, umami components such as sugars, glutamic acid and amino acids are produced. These umami components have the advantage that the umami of the food can be increased and the freshness retention time can be increased by exposing the food material to an ice temperature region for a certain period of time. On the other hand, the temperature range from the freezing point to 80% of the water becomes ice is called the “maximum ice crystal formation zone”, and the ice crystal grows as it passes through this maximum ice crystal formation zone over a long time (temperature drop). Will grow. And the quality as a frozen food is better in “rapid freezing” in which the maximum ice crystal formation zone is passed in a short time and the generated ice crystals are kept smaller than such “slow freezing”. .

On the other hand, supercooling refers to a state in which a substance remains liquid even at a temperature below the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid (freezing point). When this supercooled water is shocked or a piece of ice is added, it turns into small ice in an instant, and the cell membrane is not destroyed. For this reason, it is possible to freeze the food material without destroying the cell membrane of the food material by keeping the food material in a supercooled state, bringing the whole food material to a uniform temperature state, and then rapidly freezing it. The food material can be thawed in a state where the food material is held in the food material. In other words, in order to freeze the food material deliciously, it is important to freeze the whole food material uniformly and to freeze it in a short time so that ice crystals do not grow.

In the present embodiment, the state detection device detects a change in the dielectric constant of the measurement object, and detects a change in the moisture of the measurement object, thereby obtaining the starting point t ₀ of the decrease in the amount of water as an icing point. The water of the food material is kept in a supercooled state by irradiating the food material with electromagnetic waves and vibrating the water molecules in the cells of the food material. Thereafter, the food material is instantly frozen (rapid freezing), thereby preventing the cell membrane from being destroyed and freezing the umami component in the food material. In the present invention, this electromagnetic wave has a function of transmitting a radio wave by the standing wave detection unit. Therefore, the electromagnetic wave can be applied to the food material using the radio wave transmission unit. Thereby, a supercooled state can be created easily. The frozen state of the food material is controlled by irradiating the food material with the radio wave transmitted by this standing wave detector to inductively heat the food material. At this time, the temperature of the food material is within the supercooling temperature range. It is in. Electromagnetic heating is effective in controlling the delicate state of food materials, but does not give KW-order power and shake water molecules vigorously like a microwave oven, but water molecules aggregate with mW-order power. It is preferable to gently shake the water molecules to such an extent that it does not occur. At an ice temperature of about −3 ° C. and a freezing temperature of about −20 ° C., the bacterial activity is almost stopped.

As described above, the freezing point of the food material differs depending on the food material, and also varies depending on the solute (containing substance) concentration in the contained water. However, in the present invention, the actual detection point of the measurement object can be detected for each measurement object from the change in the dielectric constant by the state detection device. Then, by passing through the maximum ice crystal formation zone (about -1 ° C to about -5 ° C) as fast as possible, micro ice crystals are generated uniformly, preventing ice crystal enlargement and cell membrane destruction. Can be prevented. In this embodiment, the electromagnetic wave transmitting means of the standing wave detection unit is used to create a supercooled state by vibrating water molecules, but not limited to this, after detecting an icing point, The food material can be heated and maintained at a temperature just above the freezing point.

In the conventional method for preserving food materials by refrigeration and freezing, the main goal was to suppress the decomposition and decay by microorganisms. In general, at the stage where meat, which is a food material, rots, the protein of the meat is broken down with time into amino acids. This amino acid contains a large amount of glutamic acid or the like, which is called an umami component. However, in the process of spoilage, various germs or bacteria are usually generated, and it is in a state where it cannot be eaten at all. In the temperature range just before freezing, the activity of bacteria or fungi decreases significantly, but the activity of the enzyme continues. Therefore, as in this embodiment, the dielectric constant is measured by the radar, and almost no water is frozen. By controlling to this state, the meat is matured, has softness and smoothness, has a melting texture, spreads juiciness, and becomes a high-quality aged meat that can be tasted with good quality.

Next, an embodiment in which the state detection device based on a dielectric constant according to the present invention is used for detecting some fat components of meat will be described. For tissues with high moisture content such as skin, muscle, liver, etc., the relative dielectric constant is 40 to 2000, and the conductivity is 0.5 to 10 (S / m). For fat and bone marrow with relatively low moisture content, The dielectric constant is 5 to 20, and the conductivity is 10 to 500 (mS / m). Although the dielectric constant is distributed over a wide range for each tissue, it can be roughly classified into a tissue having a high water content and a tissue having a low water content. Since water has a large dielectric constant for both the real part and the imaginary part, tissues such as muscles that contain a lot of this have a large dielectric constant. On the other hand, bones and fats with low moisture have a low dielectric constant. Although these organs are arranged in a complex manner in the human body, it is possible to identify whether the meat has a lot of muscle or the meat has a lot of fat by measuring the irradiation with radio waves and the intensity of the reflection level. In this manner, food can be measured in a non-contact manner by detecting the difference in dielectric constant with radio waves.

Next, an embodiment in which the state detection device according to the present invention for detecting a difference in dielectric constant is used in the medical field will be described. FIG. 15 shows an embodiment in which the present invention is used for breast cancer screening. A radar wave is transmitted from the sensor 101 toward the breast 107, a reflected wave is detected, and a standing wave is detected. Then, the amplitude intensity is obtained from this standing wave. As described above, the cancer 105 can be determined independently of the tissue of the breast 107 and the bone 106 from the difference in dielectric constant. In general, in ultrasonic diagnosis and X-ray diagnosis, the shape of an organ or the like is known, but there is a problem that it is not known what the material of the mass (foreign matter) or the nature of the abnormal part is. Whether this mass is a blood mass, a meat mass, a tumor, or a cancer is not known unless a sample is taken after laparotomy. Measurement devices using radio waves are being developed using the pulse method, but because the distance is very close, the distance of that part cannot be measured. The breast is composed of the mammary gland and adipose tissue, and is an organ that protrudes from the chest wall covered with skin tissue on the outside. When microwaves are applied to the breast, many are reflected by the skin, but some microwaves penetrate the skin. The mammary gland has a higher dielectric constant and conductivity than adipose tissue, so reflection occurs. However, since the mammary gland has an irregular shape, complicated reflection / scattering occurs. Since the mass (cancer 105) in the breast has a higher dielectric constant and conductivity than the mammary gland and fat, the reflected wave reflected by the transmitted wave irradiated on the breast 107 is received by the sensor 101 as a detectable received wave. . For example, the dielectric constant is 6.9 for the fat layer, 49 for the mammary gland tissue, 56 for the cancer, 37 for the skin, 58 for the muscle, and infers the internal state of the breast by detecting the difference in the reflection coefficient be able to. In addition, since there is no muscle in the breast 107, the cancer 105 can be identified although the dielectric constant is close to that of the muscle. Further, for example, by extracting the dielectric constant 56 of cancer using a filter, it is possible to identify whether or not there is a cancer lesion in the radio wave irradiation portion. In addition, when some mass is recognized in the body by other means such as ultrasonic diagnosis, according to the state detection device of the present invention, whether it is a cancer lesion, a blood mass, or a bone It can be determined by the difference in reflection coefficient.

Conventionally, even if microwaves are applied to the breast from an antenna in the air, most of the energy is reflected by the skin because the skin contains moisture. This is because the electrical impedance of air and breast tissue are greatly different and the reflection coefficient at the interface is high. For this reason, the antenna and the breast were taken in a tank filled with a matching solution (oil and fat such as diacetin) having a dielectric constant and conductivity similar to that of the breast tissue, and the measurement was performed with a small reflection.

However, focusing on the fact that most of the structure of the skin is moisture, when this part is cooled to a supercooled state just before freezing, the dielectric constant is 80 for water and 3 for ice. Due to the drastic decrease in the dielectric constant of ice, radio waves can be transmitted. In this state, reflection data can be obtained by sweeping a radio wave having a beam narrowed in a pencil shape in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. Thereby, the physical property (whether it is cancer) of the target object in a body and the distance to the target object are detectable.

The state detection device of the present invention can also be used to detect the activity status of plants. That is, since the biological activity can know the growth state and the internal activity status by measuring moisture, the change of moisture flowing through the trunk of the plant is detected by the state detection device of the present invention. Activity status can be detected. Conventionally, wood has been estimated by estimating the moisture content by the impact sound, measuring the electrical resistance value or capacitance, and replacing it with moisture, or examining the degree of light absorption to estimate the moisture content of the plant. However, only the sensual inspection can be performed with the impact sound, and the electrical resistance type measuring instrument is a moisture meter that sends electricity to the measured object and replaces the resistance value with the moisture value. Need to hurt the plant. In addition, the light method can measure only the surface portion of the plant.

On the other hand, when the state detection device of the present invention is used, the growth state of the plant and the internal activity state can always be detected without contact. FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an embodiment in which the state detection device of the present invention is applied to the detection of the activity status inside the tree 100. As shown in FIG. 16A, the sensor 101 is directed toward the tree 100, and the amount of water 103 flowing upward in the tree 100 is detected. A radar transmission wave is transmitted from the sensor 101 toward the tree 100, a reflected wave is detected to detect a standing wave, and an amplitude intensity P (x) is obtained. As described above, water has a dielectric constant of 80, which is different from the dielectric constant of wood, so that a reflected wave from water can be detected, and the amount of water can be obtained from the amplitude intensity as shown in FIG. That is, the amount of moisture can be detected by the magnitude of the amplitude intensity P (x). In this case, the water 103 flowing through the trunk of the tree is also supplied to the leaves 102 of the tree 100, and when the water is depleted, the leaves 102 fall from the tree 100. In some cases, the activity status was recognized. However, if the state detection device of the present invention is used, the amount of water flowing through the inside of the tree trunk can always be detected at a remote location. Normally, as shown in FIG. 16B, the moisture content of the maple stem varies between day and night, and the amount of moisture is larger in the daytime. When looking at this throughout the year, as shown in FIG. 16 (c), the average value of the amount of water per day is large in spring and summer, decreases from summer to autumn, and is small in autumn and winter. Become. At this time, the sugar maple produces a sap having a high sugar content as a raw material for maple syrup, with the sugar content increasing when the water content decreases. Therefore, if the moisture content of the tree is remotely monitored and a decrease in the moisture content is detected, the sap having a high sugar content can be calculated efficiently if sampling of the sap is started.

Next, an embodiment in which the air conditioning around a person is controlled by detecting the amount of moisture using the device of the present invention will be described. In the present embodiment, the detection unit monitors the amplitude of the difference distance spectrum, so that based on the fact that the intensity of the reflected wave of the measurement object changes depending on the amount of sweat, the change in human sweat as the measurement object is detected. Detect. In the present embodiment, a control unit that controls the air conditioning state around a person based on a change in the person's sweat as a measurement target is provided in the sensor 101, and the sensor 101 is installed in the air conditioner. ing. As shown in FIG. 17, the sensor 101 transmits a radar wave targeting a person, detects a reflected wave from the person's sweat 110, obtains a standing wave, and calculates its amplitude intensity P (x). . At this time, as shown in FIG. 17A, when the amount of sweat 110 is small, the intensity of the reflected wave is low, and the amplitude intensity P (x) of the obtained standing wave is also low. As shown in FIGS. 17B and 17C, the amplitude intensity P (x) of the standing wave increases as the amount of the sweat 110 increases. For this reason, it is possible to detect the change in the amount of sweat and the presence or absence of sweat from the change in the amplitude intensity P (x) of the standing wave.

Therefore, for example, assuming that the temperature of the room is adjusted by a fan or an air conditioner (air conditioner), the sensor 101 including the control unit is installed in the air conditioner (including the fan and the air conditioner). The amount of sweat is detected by the sensor 101. When the air conditioner is turned on, the control unit first swings (scans) the air blowing direction and the radar irradiation direction of the air conditioner over the entire room. Thereby, the sensor 101 detects the position of a person existing in the room and the moisture amount (sweat amount) of the person. When the amount of sweat is large, the control unit increases the air flow rate, lowers the air temperature (in the case of an air conditioner), or concentrates the air blowing direction toward this person, Stop scanning. The control unit controls the person who is sweating strongly by using one or a plurality of methods so that the person sweats quickly. On the other hand, when the sweat of the person decreases, the scanning in the blowing direction is resumed, the blowing temperature is raised, the blowing amount is lowered, and the degree of cooling for the person is reduced. If the person's sweat is almost eliminated, or if the person who is sweating does not exist in the room even if the air conditioner is turned on, the control unit scans the blowing direction with a weaker blowing amount, Only circulate indoor air.

In this case, since the state detection device of the present invention detects the position of a person, when the person moves indoors, the air blowing direction is moved according to the moved person. In other words, the direction of the air is determined following the person. For this reason, even when the room is large and the number of people present in the room is small, this person can be efficiently cooled. Conventionally, an air conditioner that detects a person with a human sensor and moves the blowing direction according to the position of the person has been developed, but in this case, the blowing amount and the blowing temperature are constant, Even though the person is not sweating, it cools in the same way as the person who is sweating. However, in the present invention, the amount of sweat of the target person is detected, and the air volume and air temperature are adjusted according to the amount of sweat, so even if the air flow direction is moved according to the movement of the person, this Don't overcool people. Note that the detection of the presence and amount of sweat is not limited to sweat on the exposed part of a person, such as a face or an arm. In the present invention, since the amount of sweat is detected from the intensity of the reflected wave (standing wave) by the standing wave radar, according to the moisture detection by this radar, the radar passes through the clothes, so The amount of moisture (amount of sweat) can be detected by reflected waves from the moisture of the skin or moisture on the skin. For this reason, the detection of sweat is not limited to the face and arms, and the presence and amount of sweat can be detected from the entire body.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the indoor air conditioner control, and can be applied to the air conditioning control in the vehicle, for example. The term “indoor” is not limited to a room in a home, but the present invention can be applied to control of various air conditioners such as a hallway or hall of a facility, and the inside of a transportation facility such as a train / bus.

According to the present invention, a standing wave radar detects moisture of a measurement target, thereby controlling a state immediately before freezing of a food material as a measurement target to maintain food freshness, or a foreign body in a human organ. Alternatively, it can detect an abnormal part, determine the activity state of a plant, and control a person's air-conditioning state, thus making a great contribution to improvement or improvement of a person's living state or advancement of medical technology.

7: standing wave radar module substrate 8: standing wave radar module 10: LED control unit 11: substrate 12: frame 31: arithmetic unit 35: 24 GHz high frequency module 42: signal processing unit 101: sensor

Claims

A standing wave that is transmitted from the transmitted wave and the received wave after the frequency-swept radio wave is transmitted to the outside and the reflected wave reflected by the external measurement target is detected at two points separated by a certain distance based on the transmission wavelength. A standing wave detector for detecting
From the intensity distribution of the frequency of the synthesized wave detected by the standing wave detection unit, the DC component is removed, Fourier transform, a distance spectrum calculation unit for obtaining a distance spectrum,
Subtracting the distance spectrum at the reference time from the distance spectrum, calculating the difference of the distance spectrum, and obtaining a difference distance spectrum over time,
A distance calculation unit for obtaining a distance to a measurement object by a distance component of the difference distance spectrum;
Monitor how the amplitude of the differential distance spectrum changes based on a change in the dielectric constant of the measurement object, and based on the change in the amplitude, immediately before freezing due to a decrease in the moisture content of the food material as the measurement object A detection unit for detecting the state of
When the detection unit detects a state immediately before freezing, the control unit for controlling the food material to a non-freezing state,
A state detection apparatus using a standing wave radar.
A standing wave that is transmitted from the transmitted wave and the received wave after the frequency-swept radio wave is transmitted to the outside and the reflected wave reflected by the external measurement target is detected at two points separated by a certain distance based on the transmission wavelength. A standing wave detector for detecting
From the intensity distribution of the frequency of the synthesized wave detected by the standing wave detection unit, the DC component is removed, and Fourier transform is performed, and a distance spectrum calculation unit that obtains a distance spectrum at a certain sampling time;
Subtracting the distance spectrum at the time of previous or predetermined sampling from the distance spectrum, calculating the difference of the distance spectrum, a difference detection unit for obtaining this difference distance spectrum over time,
A distance calculation unit for obtaining a distance to a measurement object by a distance component of the difference distance spectrum;
Monitor how the amplitude of the differential distance spectrum changes based on a change in the dielectric constant of the measurement object, and based on the change in the amplitude, immediately before freezing due to a decrease in the moisture content of the food material as the measurement object A detection unit for detecting the state of
When the detection unit detects a state immediately before freezing, the control unit for controlling the food material to a non-freezing state,
A state detection apparatus using a standing wave radar.
The said control part controls the said food material to a non-freezing state by irradiating the said food material with the electromagnetic wave which the said standing wave detection part transmits, and dielectrically heating the said food material. The state detection apparatus by standing wave radar of 1 or 2.
A standing wave that is transmitted from the transmitted wave and the received wave after the frequency-swept radio wave is transmitted to the outside and the reflected wave reflected by the external measurement target is detected at two points separated by a certain distance based on the transmission wavelength. A standing wave detector for detecting
From the intensity distribution of the frequency of the synthesized wave detected by the standing wave detection unit, the DC component is removed, Fourier transform, a distance spectrum calculation unit for obtaining a distance spectrum,
Subtracting the distance spectrum at the reference time from the distance spectrum, calculating the difference of the distance spectrum, and obtaining a difference distance spectrum over time,
A distance calculation unit for obtaining a distance to a measurement object by a distance component of the difference distance spectrum;
Monitor how the amplitude of the differential distance spectrum changes based on a change in the dielectric constant of the measurement target, and based on the change in the amplitude, the presence of a foreign substance or an abnormal part in an organ in the human body as the measurement target And a determination unit that determines a change in dielectric constant,
A state detection apparatus using a standing wave radar.
A standing wave that is transmitted from the transmitted wave and the received wave after the frequency-swept radio wave is transmitted to the outside and the reflected wave reflected by the external measurement target is detected at two points separated by a certain distance based on the transmission wavelength. A standing wave detector for detecting
From the intensity distribution of the frequency of the synthesized wave detected by the standing wave detection unit, the DC component is removed, and Fourier transform is performed, and a distance spectrum calculation unit that obtains a distance spectrum at a certain sampling time;
Subtracting the distance spectrum at the time of previous or predetermined sampling from the distance spectrum, calculating the difference of the distance spectrum, a difference detection unit for obtaining this difference distance spectrum over time,
A distance calculation unit for obtaining a distance to a measurement object by a distance component of the difference distance spectrum;
Monitor how the amplitude of the differential distance spectrum changes based on a change in the dielectric constant of the measurement target, and based on the change in the amplitude, the presence of a foreign substance or an abnormal part in an organ in the human body as the measurement target And a determination unit that determines a change in dielectric constant,
A state detection apparatus using a standing wave radar.
A standing wave that is transmitted from the transmitted wave and the received wave after the frequency-swept radio wave is transmitted to the outside and the reflected wave reflected by the external measurement target is detected at two points separated by a certain distance based on the transmission wavelength. A standing wave detector for detecting
From the intensity distribution of the frequency of the synthesized wave detected by the standing wave detection unit, the DC component is removed, Fourier transform, a distance spectrum calculation unit for obtaining a distance spectrum,
Subtracting the distance spectrum at the reference time from the distance spectrum, calculating the difference of the distance spectrum, and obtaining a difference distance spectrum over time,
A distance calculation unit for obtaining a distance to a measurement object by a distance component of the difference distance spectrum;
The process of monitoring the change in the amplitude of the difference distance spectrum based on the change in the dielectric constant of the measurement object, and detecting the change in the amount of water flowing through the trunk of the plant as the measurement object based on the change in the amplitude. A determination unit for determining the activity status of the plant;
A state detection apparatus using a standing wave radar.
A standing wave that is transmitted from the transmitted wave and the received wave after the frequency-swept radio wave is transmitted to the outside and the reflected wave reflected by the external measurement target is detected at two points separated by a certain distance based on the transmission wavelength. A standing wave detector for detecting
From the intensity distribution of the frequency of the synthesized wave detected by the standing wave detection unit, the DC component is removed, and Fourier transform is performed, and a distance spectrum calculation unit that obtains a distance spectrum at a certain sampling time;
Subtracting the distance spectrum at the time of previous or predetermined sampling from the distance spectrum, calculating the difference of the distance spectrum, a difference detection unit for obtaining this difference distance spectrum over time,
A distance calculation unit for obtaining a distance to a measurement object by a distance component of the difference distance spectrum;
The process of monitoring the change in the amplitude of the difference distance spectrum based on the change in the dielectric constant of the measurement object, and detecting the change in the amount of water flowing through the trunk of the plant as the measurement object based on the change in the amplitude. A determination unit for determining the activity status of the plant;
A state detection apparatus using a standing wave radar.
A standing wave that is transmitted from the transmitted wave and the received wave after the frequency-swept radio wave is transmitted to the outside and the reflected wave reflected by the external measurement target is detected at two points separated by a certain distance based on the transmission wavelength. A standing wave detector for detecting
From the intensity distribution of the frequency of the synthesized wave detected by the standing wave detection unit, the DC component is removed, Fourier transform, a distance spectrum calculation unit for obtaining a distance spectrum,
Subtracting the distance spectrum at the reference time from the distance spectrum, calculating the difference of the distance spectrum, and obtaining a difference distance spectrum over time,
A distance calculation unit for obtaining a distance to a measurement object by a distance component of the difference distance spectrum;
A detector that monitors the change in the amplitude of the differential distance spectrum based on a change in the dielectric constant of the measurement target, and detects a change in human sweat as the measurement target based on the change in the amplitude;
Based on the change in sweat detected by the detection unit, a control unit for controlling the air conditioning state around the person,
A state detection apparatus using a standing wave radar.
A standing wave that is transmitted from the transmitted wave and the received wave after the frequency-swept radio wave is transmitted to the outside and the reflected wave reflected by the external measurement target is detected at two points separated by a certain distance based on the transmission wavelength. A standing wave detector for detecting
From the intensity distribution of the frequency of the synthesized wave detected by the standing wave detection unit, the DC component is removed, and Fourier transform is performed, and a distance spectrum calculation unit that obtains a distance spectrum at a certain sampling time;
Subtracting the distance spectrum at the time of previous or predetermined sampling from the distance spectrum, calculating the difference of the distance spectrum, a difference detection unit for obtaining this difference distance spectrum over time,
A distance calculation unit for obtaining a distance to a measurement object by a distance component of the difference distance spectrum;
A detector that monitors the change in the amplitude of the differential distance spectrum based on a change in the dielectric constant of the measurement target, and detects a change in human sweat as the measurement target based on the change in the amplitude;
Based on the change in sweat detected by the detection unit, a control unit for controlling the air conditioning state around the person,
A state detection apparatus using a standing wave radar.
10. The state detection device using a standing wave radar according to claim 1, wherein the distance calculation unit further obtains a minute displacement of a measurement target from a change in phase of the distance spectrum.
A band pass filter that extracts a plurality of signals having center frequencies corresponding to the plurality of peak positions from the difference distance spectrum of the difference detection unit and outputs the signals to the distance calculation unit as a difference distance spectrum; The state detection device by standing wave radar according to any one of claims 1 to 10.