WO2018014718A1 - 一种装载机作业工况难易程度识别方法 - Google Patents

一种装载机作业工况难易程度识别方法 Download PDF

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WO2018014718A1
WO2018014718A1 PCT/CN2017/091433 CN2017091433W WO2018014718A1 WO 2018014718 A1 WO2018014718 A1 WO 2018014718A1 CN 2017091433 W CN2017091433 W CN 2017091433W WO 2018014718 A1 WO2018014718 A1 WO 2018014718A1
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Prior art keywords
boom
excavation
pressure
large cavity
working
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French (fr)
Inventor
侯亮
王少杰
卜祥建
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Xiamen University
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Xiamen University
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Priority claimed from CN201610585057.1A external-priority patent/CN106296474B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201610585014.3A external-priority patent/CN106096593B/zh
Application filed by Xiamen University filed Critical Xiamen University
Priority to US16/067,740 priority Critical patent/US10633823B2/en
Publication of WO2018014718A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018014718A1/zh
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2025Particular purposes of control systems not otherwise provided for
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2025Particular purposes of control systems not otherwise provided for
    • E02F9/2029Controlling the position of implements in function of its load, e.g. modifying the attitude of implements in accordance to vehicle speed
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/28Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
    • E02F3/30Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with a dipper-arm pivoted on a cantilever beam, i.e. boom
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2004Control mechanisms, e.g. control levers
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2253Controlling the travelling speed of vehicles, e.g. adjusting travelling speed according to implement loads, control of hydrostatic transmission
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/26Indicating devices
    • E02F9/267Diagnosing or detecting failure of vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an identification technology for the difficulty degree of working conditions of an engineering vehicle, and more particularly to a method for identifying the difficulty level of a working condition of a loader.
  • Construction vehicles are work-oriented construction machinery, which use hydraulic transmission to obtain high torque and large inertia load requirements. Due to the harsh working environment, the working conditions are complex and varied, as well as the automation of equipment and the constant degree of informationization. Improving, how to ensure the reliable and efficient operation of construction machinery is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Different working conditions have a great impact on the fuel economy of the vehicle, especially for excavating materials with high density such as original soil and iron ore. For different working conditions, it is necessary to select the corresponding shift control strategy and operating power mode. Therefore, how to effectively identify the difficulty of working conditions is of great significance for improving the workability and intelligence of construction machinery.
  • the loader is a large, medium and small multi-purpose high-efficiency construction machine mainly for loading and unloading soil, sand, coal and other comprehensive materials. It is suitable for mines and ports. , infrastructure construction, road construction and other operations, are widely used in factories, stations, terminals, freight yards, warehouses and other working conditions. For dense ore, solid original maps or loose bulk materials such as soil, coke, etc., due to different working conditions, there is also a big difference in loader selection. For those materials with large density such as solid original soil and ore, due to the high requirements on traction, products with lower working speed, larger excavation force and traction force should be selected to ensure normal use.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide a loader that improves the application range of the construction machine, realizes multi-purpose use of one machine, can be used in a plurality of different mediums at the same time, and improves the working performance and the intelligent level. How to identify the difficulty level of the working conditions.
  • a method for identifying the difficulty level of a loader operating condition the steps are as follows:
  • the minimum point before the pressure of the large cavity of the boom contacts the material is defined as the starting time point of the excavation working section; the first maximum point of the pressure of the large cavity of the bucket is defined as the end of the excavation working section time.
  • a fuzzy logic C-means clustering algorithm is used for the booming large cavity pressure of the excavation working section to perform the mining time length, the length of the excavation time, the maximal value of the boom large cavity pressure and the large cavity of the boom. Cluster analysis of the rate of change of pressure maxima.
  • the cluster center value u FCM is calculated according to the change rate u t of the excavation time, and u FCM is used as the evaluation value of the change rate of the mining time.
  • the maximum value of the large cavity pressure p max of the boom and the time t of reaching the maximum value is obtained, and the formula for calculating the maximum value of the pressure of the large cavity of the boom is:
  • u p is the maximum rate of change of the large cavity pressure of the boom
  • p i is the pressure value of the large cavity of the boom
  • p max is the maximum value of the pressure of the large cavity of the boom.
  • the length of the excavation time, the change rate of the excavation time, the maximum value of the large cavity pressure of the boom and the maximum value of the maximum pressure of the boom are mapped to the radar chart of the unit circle, and the values are positively normalized. Processing.
  • the positive normalization value it is represented by a radar chart; by calculating the area included in the radar chart of each working condition, and defining the ratio of each radar chart to the unit circle area as the work difficulty value, the operator is obtained.
  • the difficulty level index is a radar chart; by calculating the area included in the radar chart of each working condition, and defining the ratio of each radar chart to the unit circle area as the work difficulty value, the operator is obtained. The difficulty level index.
  • the method for identifying the difficulty level of the working condition of the loader takes the excavation working segment extracted by the working segment as the main research object, and identifies the working condition, and finally obtains the difficulty level of the working condition.
  • the identification of the difficulty level of the working conditions is beneficial to control the power output mode of the diesel engine and realize the on-demand distribution.
  • the intelligent shifting, power mode control and improvement of the engineering vehicle Performance, etc. are of great significance, and are conducive to the improvement of work performance and energy saving and emission reduction; at the same time, the use of working conditions is difficult, variable power regulation is realized, and the scope of application of engineering machinery is improved.
  • One machine can be used for various working media. Realize a multi-purpose machine, can be used in a variety of different media work at the same time, improve its performance and intelligence level.
  • Figure 1 is a basic framework of the identification method of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an evaluation index of working conditions of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the identification method of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the operation cycle of the identification method of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a radar diagram representation of the ease of operation of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a flow chart showing the operation cycle of the identification method of the present invention.
  • the work cycle mainly refers to the division of each work cycle segment of the loader excavation process, including: excavation work segment, heavy transport transport segment and unloading work segment (as shown in Figure 4).
  • the starting point of the excavation working segment is marked as A1; the starting point of the excavating working segment is marked as A2 for the starting point of the heavy-duty transport working segment; and the end point of the heavy-duty transport working segment is the heavy unloading working segment
  • the starting point is marked A3; the end point of the heavy unloading working section is marked A3.
  • the minimum value point before the large cavity pressure changes drastically is the starting time point of the excavation working section; the end time of the excavation working section is when the bucket is full of material and leaves the working surface, at this time generally accompanied by the fighting action (generally 1-2 times) ), the pressure of the large cavity of the bucket will have a maximum value at each bucket. After the bucket is completed, the pressure of the large chamber will drop smoothly.
  • the first maximum point of the pressure of the large cavity of the bucket is the excavation operation. End of time.
  • the maximum pressure value of the large cavity of the boom is different when a single excavation operation is completed in the bucket.
  • iron ore is much more dense than fine sand. Therefore, the maximum pressure of the large cavity of the boom during the full bucket is certainly larger.
  • the present invention proposes an evaluation index of the working condition, as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the difficulty of working conditions is used to measure the complexity of the working conditions, and the rating is determined by a percentage value of 0-100%.
  • the evaluation of working conditions is mainly composed of time indicators and pressure indicators.
  • the time indicator includes the length of time and the rate of change of time;
  • the pressure indicator includes the pressure extreme value and the pressure change rate.
  • the main consideration of time index and pressure index is the boom pressure signal of the excavation section, which is specifically expressed as the length of the excavation section and the change rate of the excavation time; the maximum value of the boom pressure of the excavation section The rate of change of pressure with the process of reaching the maximum.
  • the method of the present invention first performs a work cycle extraction on a pressure signal. After the work cycle, the work segment is further extracted, and the excavation work segment signal is obtained, and then analyzed and identified, as follows:
  • fuzzy logic C-means clustering algorithm For the boom cavity pressure of the excavation section, fuzzy logic C-means clustering algorithm is used to calculate the length of mining time, the rate of change of mining time, the maximum value of the large cavity pressure of the boom and the maximum rate of change of the large cavity pressure of the boom. Class analysis.
  • the length t FCM the change rate of the excavation time of each segment u t is as follows:
  • the cluster center value u FCM is calculated according to the change rate u t of the excavation time, and u FCM is used as the evaluation value of the change rate of the mining time.
  • the maximum value of the large cavity pressure p max of the boom and the time t of reaching the maximum value is obtained, and the formula for calculating the maximum value of the pressure of the large cavity of the boom is:
  • u p is the maximum rate of change of the large cavity pressure of the boom
  • p i is the pressure value of the large cavity of the boom
  • p max is the maximum value of the pressure of the large cavity of the boom.
  • the length of the excavation time, the change rate of excavation time, the maximum value of the large cavity pressure of the boom and the maximum value of the pressure of the large cavity of the boom it is found that the length of the excavation time, the change rate of the excavation time, and the large boom Three parameters such as the maximum value of the cavity pressure are proportional to the measurement of the difficulty of the operation, and the rate of change of the maximum pressure of the large cavity of the boom is inversely proportional.
  • the length of the excavation, the rate of change of the length of the excavation, the maximum value of the large cavity pressure of the boom and the maximum rate of change of the large cavity pressure of the boom are mapped to the radar chart of the unit circle. In these cases, these values are positively normalized.
  • the maximum length of time is 20s, and the length of time greater than or equal to this value is represented by a normalized value of 1, and the length of time less than this value is divided by the value obtained by using the maximum value as a normalized value;
  • the rate of change has been normalized to the normalized value and is not treated; since the maximum boom pressure is 20 MPa, the maximum pressure value is divided by the maximum pressure value as the normalized value; the pressure change rate is first divided by the maximum pressure.
  • the reciprocal is obtained, and the maximum value of the reciprocal is 3, and the value of greater than 3 is represented by 1 as the normalized value, and the value after the processing 3 of less than 3 is taken as the normalized value.
  • all standard eigenvalues have the same impact on the evaluation of the difficulty of the work.
  • these values are represented by a radar chart.
  • the area included in the radar chart of each working condition is calculated, and the ratio of each radar chart to the area of the unit circle is defined as the difficulty value of the work, and the difficulty index of the working condition is obtained.
  • A represents a time length
  • B represents a time length change rate
  • C represents a pressure maximum value
  • D represents a pressure change rate.
  • the identification method of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • the boom pressure signal is cleaned and calculated to obtain the minimum value point B.
  • the starting point A1 and the end point A4 of the working segment are obtained according to the minimum point B.
  • the specific steps include:
  • the pressure signal of the large cavity of the bucket is cleaned and calculated to obtain the maximum point C, and the nodes A2 and A3 of the working segment are obtained according to the maximum point C:
  • the A1, A2, A3, and A4 point information is obtained, and the effective job information is extracted.
  • the excavation work segment is the excavation work segment.
  • the invention discloses a method for identifying the difficulty level of the working condition of the loader, and takes the excavation working section extracted by the working section as the main research object, and identifies the working condition, and finally obtains the difficulty level of the working condition. Utilize the difficulty of working conditions, realize variable power adjustment, and improve the applicable scope of engineering machinery.
  • One machine can be used for a variety of working media, realizing a multi-purpose machine, and can be used in a variety of different media applications at the same time. Its performance and intelligence level.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Operation Control Of Excavators (AREA)

Abstract

一种装载机作业工况难易程度识别方法,将经作业段提取获得的挖掘作业段作为主要的研究对象,并进行作业工况识别,最终得到作业工况难易程度值。作业工况难易程度的识别,有利于控制柴油发动机的功率输出模式,实现按需分配;同时作为智能化换挡控制策略的判断依据,对于工程车辆的智能换档、功率模式控制以及提高作业性能等具有重要的意义,而且有利于作业性能的提高及节能减排;同时利用作业工况难易程度,实现变功率调节,提高工程机械的适用范围,一台机子可用于多种工作介质,实现真正的一机多用,能同时用于多种不同介质的工作场合,提高其作业性能与智能化水平。

Description

一种装载机作业工况难易程度识别方法 技术领域
本发明涉及工程车辆作业工况难易程度的识别技术,更具体地说,涉及一种装载机作业工况难易程度识别方法。
背景技术
工程车辆是一种以作业为主的工程机械,多采用液力传动,以便获得大扭矩、大惯量载荷需求,由于作业环境恶劣,作业工况复杂多变,以及设备自动化、信息化程度的不断提高,如何确保工程机械可靠、高效的运行,是目前亟待解决的技术难题。不同作业工况对车辆的燃油经济性影响很大,尤其是挖掘原生土、铁矿石等密实度高的物料,对于不同的作业工况需要选择相应的换挡控制策略及作业功率模式。因此如何有效的识别作业工况难易程度,对于提高工程机械的作业性与智能化能具有重要意义。
以工程车辆中典型样机装载机为例,装载机是以装卸土壤、砂石、煤炭等综合性物料为主的一种大、中、小型多用途的高效率工程机械,适用于矿场、港口、基建、道路修建等作业,广泛应用于工厂、车站、码头、货场、仓库等工况。对于密度较大的矿石、坚实原图或密度较小的松散物如土壤、焦炭等,由于其作业工况不同,对装载机选择同样有着较大的差异。对于那些坚实原土、矿石等较大密度的物料,由于对牵引力要求较高,应选择工作速度较低,掘起力及牵引力均较大的产品以保证正常的使用。因为松散物料对装载机的牵引力要求不高,可以选择行驶速度更高的产品以取的较高的工作效率。工作介质不同,作业工况难易程度也不同,由于无法识别作业工况情况,工程机械企业只能推出针对某一特定工作介质的专用型产品。如宇通重工为满足不同工况环境下的用户需要,为适应装煤作业的需要,宇通重工特别推出了煤矿专用型铲斗、焦炭专用型铲斗、岩石 斗、抓木、推雪等不同工作装置、并配合不同型号的装载机,以达到一机多用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种提高工程机械的适用范围,实现一机多用,能同时用于多种不同介质的工作场合,提高其作业性能与智能化水平的装载机作业工况难易程度识别方法。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种装载机作业工况难易程度识别方法,步骤如下:
1)从装载机上获取动臂大腔压力、转斗大腔压力信号,提取动臂大腔压力、转斗大腔压力信号的作业周期;
2)依据得到的作业周期,提取挖掘作业段;
3)获取挖掘作业段的动臂大腔压力的挖掘时间长度、挖掘时间长短变化率、动臂大腔压力极大值与动臂大腔压力极大值变化率,进而根据预设的规则得到作业工况难易程度指数。
作为优选,挖掘作业段中,动臂大腔压力接触物料前的极小值点定义为挖掘作业段起始时间点;转斗大腔压力的第一个极大值点定义为挖掘作业段结束时间。
作为优选,步骤3)中,对挖掘作业段的动臂大腔压力采用模糊逻辑C均值聚类算法进行挖掘时间长度、挖掘时间长短变化率、动臂大腔压力极大值与动臂大腔压力极大值变化率的聚类分析。
作为优选,设挖掘作业段的时间长度序列为T=(t1,t2,...,ti,...,tn-1,tn),依据模糊逻辑C均值聚类算法计算得到挖掘时间长度tFCM,各段的挖掘时间长短变化率ut如下:
Figure PCTCN2017091433-appb-000001
其中,i=1,2,...,n;
根据挖掘时间长短变化率ut计算其聚类中心值uFCM,并将uFCM作为挖掘时间长短变化率的评定值。
作为优选,设一个挖掘时间段只有一次挖掘作业,并对所有挖掘作业段的动臂大腔压力曲线进行二阶抛物线拟合,拟合函数为:p=a+bt+ct2
根据拟合得到的函数,得到动臂大腔压力的动臂大腔压力极大值pmax与达到极大值经历的时间t,则动臂大腔压力极大值变化率计算公式为:
Figure PCTCN2017091433-appb-000002
其中,i=1,2,...,n;
其中,up为动臂大腔压力极大值变化率,pi为某次的动臂大腔压力值,pmax为动臂大腔压力极大值。
作为优选,将挖掘时间长度、挖掘时间长短变化率、动臂大腔压力极大值与动臂大腔压力极大值变化率映射到单位圆的雷达图中,对这些值进行正向归一化处理。
作为优选,得到正向归一化值后,用雷达图表示;通过计算各个作业工况的雷达图包含的面积,并定义各雷达图与单位圆面积的比值作为作业难度值,得出作业工况难易程度指数。
本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明所述的装载机作业工况难易程度识别方法,将经作业段提取获得的挖掘作业段作为主要的研究对象,并进行作业工况识别,最终得到作业工况难易程度值。作业工况难易程度的识别,有利于控制柴油发动机的功率输出模式,实现按需分配;同时作为智能化换挡控制策略的判断依据,对于工程车辆的智能换档、功率模式控制以及提高作业性能等具有重要的意义,而且有利于作业性能的提高及节能减排;同时利用作业工况难易程度,实现变功率调节,提高工程机械的适用范围,一台机子可用于多种工作介质,实现真正的一机多用,能同时用于多种不同介质的工作场合,提高其作业性能与智能化水平。
附图说明
图1是本发明的识别方法的基本框架;
图2是本发明的作业工况评价指标示意图;
图3是本发明的识别方法的流程图;
图4是本发明的识别方法的作业周期示意图;
图5是本发明的作业工况难易程度的雷达图表示。
图6是本发明的识别方法的作业周期提取流程。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图及实施例对本发明进行进一步的详细说明。
本发明所述的方法,如图1所示,主要步骤如下:
1)从装载机上获取动臂大腔压力、转斗大腔压力信号,
2)清洗、计算动臂大腔压力、转斗大腔压力信号提取作业周期;
3)依据得到的作业周期,提取挖掘作业段;
4)获取挖掘作业段的动臂大腔压力的挖掘时间长度、挖掘时间长短变化率、动臂大腔压力极大值与动臂大腔压力极大值变化率,进而根据预设的规则得到作业工况难易程度指数。
作业周期主要是指将装载机挖掘过程的每个作业循环段的划分,包括:挖掘作业段、重载运输作业段和卸料作业段(如附图4所示)。定义各作业段间为连续性,即:挖掘作业段起点标为A1;挖掘作业段终点的为重载运输作业段的起点标为A2;重载运输作业段终点的为重卸料作业段的起点标为A3;重卸料作业段的终点标为A3.。
挖掘作业段的定义:挖掘作业段起始时间为铲斗与物料接触时,动臂大腔压力开始剧烈变大,动臂大腔压力在变化前会有给最小的极值点,这是由于挖掘前铲斗放置与地面造成的,此时动臂大腔压力值比正常行驶时还小,因此定义动臂 大腔压力剧烈变化前的极小值点为挖掘作业段起始时间点;挖掘作业段的结束时间为铲斗装满物料脱离工作面时,此时一般伴随收斗动作(一般1-2次),转斗大腔压力在每次收斗时都会出现一个极大值,完成收斗后转斗大腔压力将平稳下降,定义转斗大腔压力的第一个极大值点为挖掘作业段结束时间。
本发明对挖掘作业段进行分析,得出如下特点:
(1)不同物料,由于其状态、密实度等的不同,导致单次挖掘作业的时间长短不同,各次挖掘作业时间长度的变化率不同。比如细沙与铁矿石对比,但其都属于离散颗粒状态时,由与铁矿石密实度高,形状较大,掘进难度大,因此其单次挖掘作业每次消耗的时间都较多,各次挖掘作业时间长度的变化率较大。
(2)不同物料,由于其密实度的不同,导致单次挖掘作业在铲满斗时,其动臂大腔的最大压力值不同。比如细沙与铁矿石对比,铁矿石明显比细沙的密实度大好多,因此,满斗时动臂大腔的最大压力值肯定也比较大。
(3)不同物料,由于挖掘难度较大后,经常出现无法铲满斗的情况,对于密实度较大的铁矿石、原生土等,能完成满斗的概率很小,特别是铁矿石,半斗就相当与细沙一斗的重量。
(4)不同驾驶员,由于操作习惯、操作经验不同,导致试验过程铲满程度、挖掘速度等也会影响挖掘作业段时间长度及时间长度的变化率等。
基于上述特点,本发明提出一种作业工况的评价指标,如图2所示。用作业难易度来衡量作业工况的复杂程度,并用百分比值0-100%来评定等级。作业工况评价主要由时间指标与压力指标组成。其中时间指标包括时间长度与时间变化率;压力指标包括压力极值与压力变化率。时间指标与压力指标主要考量对象为挖掘作业段的动臂大腔压力信号,具体表示为挖掘作业段时间长度与挖掘作业时间变化率的大小;挖掘作业段动臂大腔压力的极大值大小与达到极大值过程的压力变化率。
如图3所示,本发明所述的方法,首先对压力信号进行作业周期提取,在得 到作业周期后,进一步进行作业段提取,并获取挖掘作业段信号,然后进行分析识别,具体如下:
对挖掘作业段的动臂大腔压力采用模糊逻辑C均值聚类算法进行挖掘时间长度、挖掘时间长短变化率、动臂大腔压力极大值与动臂大腔压力极大值变化率的聚类分析。
设挖掘作业段的时间长度序列为T=(t1,t2,...,ti,...,tn-1,tn),依据模糊逻辑C均值聚类算法计算得到挖掘时间长度tFCM,各段的挖掘时间长短变化率ut如下:
Figure PCTCN2017091433-appb-000003
其中,i=1,2,...,n;
根据挖掘时间长短变化率ut计算其聚类中心值uFCM,并将uFCM作为挖掘时间长短变化率的评定值。
为了便于分析,设一个挖掘时间段只有一次挖掘作业,即一铲即完成,并对所有挖掘作业段的动臂大腔压力曲线进行二阶抛物线拟合,拟合函数为:p=a+bt+ct2
根据拟合得到的函数,得到动臂大腔压力的动臂大腔压力极大值pmax与达到极大值经历的时间t,则动臂大腔压力极大值变化率计算公式为:
Figure PCTCN2017091433-appb-000004
其中,i=1,2,...,n;
其中,up为动臂大腔压力极大值变化率,pi为某次的动臂大腔压力值,pmax为动臂大腔压力极大值。
根据对得到的挖掘时间长度、挖掘时间长短变化率、动臂大腔压力极大值与动臂大腔压力极大值变化率的分析发现,挖掘时间长度、挖掘时间长短变化率、动臂大腔压力极大值等三个参数对于作业难易程度的衡量成正比关系,动臂大腔压力极大值变化率则成反比。为了统一关系,将挖掘时间长度、挖掘时间长短变化率、动臂大腔压力极大值与动臂大腔压力极大值变化率映射到单位圆的雷达图 中,对这些值进行正向归一化处理。
本实施例中,假设时间长度最大值为20s,大于等于此值的时间长度用1表示其归一化值,小于此值的时间长度除以此最大值得到的值作为归一化值;时间变化率已符合归一化值,不做处理;由于最大的动臂大腔压力为20Mpa,因此将压力极大值除以最大压力值作为归一化值;压力变化率则先除以最大压力值后求倒数,并设倒数最大值为3,大于3的用1表示其归一化值,小于3的处理3后的值作为其归一化值。经统一后,所有标准特征值对作业难易度的评价影响趋势一致。
得到正向归一化值后,将这些值用雷达图表示。为了进一步计算作业难度值,通过计算各个作业工况的雷达图包含的面积,并定义各雷达图与单位圆面积的比值作为作业难度值,得出作业工况难易程度指数。
[根据细则26改正11.08.2017] 
如图5所示,本发明所述的雷达图表示法,图中A表示时间长度、B表示时间长度变化率、C表示压力极大值、D表示压力变化率。根据上述方法,获得4个作业工况难易程度的特征值,按照图5所示的单位圆雷达图表示法标记在图上,4个特征值构成一个四边形ABCD,假设四边形ABCD的面积为SF,单位圆的面积为SUC,作业工况难易程度值K可表达为:
Figure PCTCN2017091433-appb-000005
如图6所示,本发明所述的识别方法,其作业周期提取包括以下步骤:
1)采集压力信号:从装载机上分别获取转斗大腔压力信号、动臂大腔压力信号;
2)作业周期提取:
对动臂大腔压力信号进行清洗、计算获得极小值点B,依据极小值点B计算获得作业段的起点A1和终点A4
具体步骤包括:
2.1对动臂大腔压力信号进行两次迭代滤波
2.2求极小值点B
2.3求最邻近B的左右极小值点
2.4得到A1、A4点;
对转斗大腔压力信号进行清洗、计算获得极大值点C,依据极大值点C计算获得作业段的节点A2和A3:
2.5转斗大腔压力信号进行两次迭代滤波,再进行一阶求导
2.6转斗大腔压力信号进行一百次迭代滤波,求极大值点C;
2.7求最邻近C的左右第一阶导数大于0.5的点
2.8得到A2、A3点
3)有效作业提取
根据以上计算获得A1、A2、A3、A4点信息,提取有效作业信息。其中A1、A2之间即为挖掘作业段。
上述实施例仅是用来说明本发明,而并非用作对本发明的限定。只要是依据本发明的技术实质,对上述实施例进行变化、变型等都将落在本发明的权利要求的范围内。
工业实用性
本发明一种装载机作业工况难易程度识别方法,将经作业段提取获得的挖掘作业段作为主要的研究对象,并进行作业工况识别,最终得到作业工况难易程度值。利用作业工况难易程度,实现变功率调节,提高工程机械的适用范围,一台机子可用于多种工作介质,实现真正的一机多用,能同时用于多种不同介质的工作场合,提高其作业性能与智能化水平。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种装载机作业工况难易程度识别方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
    1)从装载机上获取动臂大腔压力、转斗大腔压力信号,清洗、计算动臂大腔压力、转斗大腔压力信号提取作业周期;
    2)依据得到的作业周期,提取挖掘作业段;
    3)获取挖掘作业段的动臂大腔压力的挖掘时间长度、挖掘时间长短变化率、动臂大腔压力极大值与动臂大腔压力极大值变化率,进而根据预设的规则得到作业工况难易程度指数。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的装载机作业工况难易程度识别方法,其特征在于,挖掘作业段中,动臂大腔压力接触物料前的极小值点定义为挖掘作业段起始时间点;转斗大腔压力的第一个极大值点定义为挖掘作业段结束时间点。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的装载机作业工况难易程度识别方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中,对挖掘作业段的动臂大腔压力采用模糊逻辑C均值聚类算法进行挖掘时间长度、挖掘时间长短变化率、动臂大腔压力极大值与动臂大腔压力极大值变化率的聚类分析。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的装载机作业工况难易程度识别方法,其特征在于,设挖掘作业段的时间长度序列为T=(t1,t2,...,ti,...,tn-1,tn),依据模糊逻辑C均值聚类算法计算得到挖掘时间长度tFCM,各段的挖掘时间长短变化率ut如下:
    Figure PCTCN2017091433-appb-100001
    其中,i=1,2,...,n;
    根据挖掘时间长短变化率ut计算其聚类中心值uFCM,并将uFCM作为挖掘时间长短变化率的评定值。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的装载机作业工况难易程度识别方法,其特征在于,设一个挖掘时间段只有一次挖掘作业,并对所有挖掘作业段的动臂大腔压力曲线进行二阶抛物线拟合,拟合函数为:p=a+bt+ct2
    根据拟合得到的函数,得到动臂大腔压力的极大值pmax与达到极大值经历的时间t,则动臂大腔压力极大值变化率计算公式为:
    Figure PCTCN2017091433-appb-100002
    其中,i=1,2,...,n;
    其中,up为动臂大腔压力极大值变化率,pi为某次的动臂大腔压力值,pmax为动臂大腔压力极大值。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的装载机作业工况难易程度识别方法,其特征在于,将挖掘时间长度、挖掘时间长短变化率、动臂大腔压力极大值与动臂大腔压力极大值变化率映射到单位圆的雷达图中,得到正向归一化值。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的装载机作业工况难易程度识别方法,其特征在于,得到正向归一化值后,用雷达图表示;通过计算各个作业工况的雷达图包含的面积,并定义各雷达图与单位圆面积的比值作为作业难度值,得出作业工况难易程度指数。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的装载机作业工况难易程度识别方法, 其特征在于,所述作业周期包括:挖掘作业段、重载运输作业段和卸料作业段。
  9. 根据权利要求1或8所述的装载机作业工况难易程度识别方法,其特征在于,所述作业周期提取包括以下步骤:
    (1)采集压力信号:
    从装载机上分别采集转斗大腔压力信号、动臂大腔压力信号;
    (2)作业周期提取:
    对动臂大腔压力信号进行清洗、计算获得极小值点B,依据极小值点B计算获得作业段的起点A1和终点A4
    对转斗大腔压力信号进行清洗、计算获得极大值点C,依据极大值点C计算获得作业段的节点A2和A3
    (3)有效作业提取:
    根据以上计算获得A1、A2、A3、A4即可获得有效作业信息,其中A1、A2之间即为挖掘作业段。
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