WO2018014499A1 - 波浪能发电装置 - Google Patents

波浪能发电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018014499A1
WO2018014499A1 PCT/CN2016/111033 CN2016111033W WO2018014499A1 WO 2018014499 A1 WO2018014499 A1 WO 2018014499A1 CN 2016111033 W CN2016111033 W CN 2016111033W WO 2018014499 A1 WO2018014499 A1 WO 2018014499A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wave
floating
wave energy
generating device
tank
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/111033
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
高先乐
边淑静
高金燕
Original Assignee
高先乐
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201610589399.0A external-priority patent/CN106014844B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201610589397.1A external-priority patent/CN106014843B/zh
Application filed by 高先乐 filed Critical 高先乐
Priority to ES16909426T priority Critical patent/ES2818573T3/es
Priority to EP16909426.5A priority patent/EP3351788B1/en
Priority to AU2016415519A priority patent/AU2016415519B2/en
Priority to DK16909426.5T priority patent/DK3351788T3/da
Priority to US15/765,850 priority patent/US10508641B2/en
Priority to JP2019524495A priority patent/JP6761904B2/ja
Publication of WO2018014499A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018014499A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1805—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem
    • F03B13/181—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for limited rotation
    • F03B13/1815—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for limited rotation with an up-and-down movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F03B11/02—Casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/22—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the flow of water resulting from wave movements to drive a motor or turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/24—Rotors for turbines
    • F05B2240/244—Rotors for turbines of the cross-flow, e.g. Banki, Ossberger type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/40—Use of a multiplicity of similar components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/95—Mounting on supporting structures or systems offshore
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/10—Geometry two-dimensional
    • F05B2250/14—Geometry two-dimensional elliptical
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wave energy generating device.
  • Wave power generation began in the 1970s and is represented by Japan, the United States, Britain, Norway, etc. There are various types of wave power generation devices in different technologies in the prior art, including nodding ducks, oscillating floating bodies, and shocking water columns. Sea snake, sea bream, soft bag, etc. are the most representative, among them,
  • Nodding duck-type wave power generation equipment mainly utilizing the liquid level difference of the wave, the convex part of the duck head follows the wave to do the up and down nodding movement, and collects the potential energy of the wave high and low liquid level difference;
  • the oscillating water column type wave power generation device uses the high and low level difference of the wave to squeeze the air to realize the collection of the wave potential energy
  • the sea snake-type wave power generation equipment generates hydraulic energy by reciprocating movement of the front and rear floating bodies with the wave height and the hydraulic cylinder that drives the hinged connection point, and generates power by using the liquid level difference between the wave front and the wave front and back, and collects the wave high and low liquid. Potential energy of the difference;
  • the sea otter type wave power generating device reciprocates and swings with the surge of the body to push the hydraulic cylinder at the lower end to generate energy, and collect the kinetic energy of the wave;
  • the soft bag type wave power generating device pushes the air in the soft bag with the surge of wave kinetic energy, and the flowing air pushes the yaw energy generated by the rear end impeller, and collects the kinetic energy of the wave forward.
  • the above-mentioned nod duck type, oscillating floating body type and oscillating water column type technology mainly collect or transform the potential energy of the wave high and low water level difference
  • the sea otter type and the soft bag type mainly collect the kinetic energy of the wave surge.
  • these wave power generation devices have low efficiency in collecting wave energy, which is not conducive to centralized large-scale construction of large-scale offshore wave power generation.
  • the invention provides a wave energy generating device, comprising a plurality of wave energy collecting units, wherein the single wave energy collecting unit comprises: an energy collecting component for collecting wave energy, comprising a potential energy collecting component for collecting wave potential energy and A kinetic energy collection assembly for collecting wave kinetic energy, wherein the potential energy collection assembly includes a floating chamber; and a positioning assembly for positioning the floating cabin, including a vertical limit assembly that limits the floating chamber.
  • the wave energy generating device is provided with a potential energy collecting component and a kinetic energy collecting component, so that the wave potential energy is collected while collecting the kinetic energy of the wave, which is advantageous compared with the separate collection of wave potential energy or kinetic energy in the prior art. Improve the collection efficiency of wave energy.
  • the floating cabin is an oblong or fusiform casing that is disposed transversely in a longitudinal section.
  • the longitudinal section of the floating cabin has a long elliptical shape or a fusiform shape disposed laterally, the resistance of the seawater flowing through the surface of the floating cabin can be reduced, thereby accelerating the passage speed of the wave, which contributes to Improve the collection of potential energy.
  • a guide rudder is hinged or rotatably connected to the front end of the floating cabin, and is provided in the floating cabin for driving the deflector to be offset relative to the floating body according to the received control command.
  • the guide rudder drive unit is provided in the floating cabin for driving the deflector to be offset relative to the floating body according to the received control command.
  • the guiding rudder can improve the speed of floating of the floating cabin on the one hand, thereby improving the collection efficiency of the wave potential energy; on the other hand, guiding and forcing the wave to flow along the lower surface of the floating cabin, Further, it is beneficial to push the impeller of the kinetic energy collecting component to rotate, which is beneficial to improving the collection efficiency and effect of the wave energy.
  • the deflector driving unit can drive the deflector to shift relative to the floating body according to the received control command and control the offset amplitude of the latter, thereby adjusting the floating cabin relative to sea level rise and The speed of sinking, thus effectively protecting the floating cabin.
  • the method further includes a wave device, the guide rudder driving unit is communicatively connected with the wave device, and the guiding rudder driving unit is controlled according to a control instruction issued by the wave device The extent of rotation of the deflector relative to the float.
  • control command issued by the wave instrument can change the rotation range of the guide rudder relative to the floating cabin in time, thereby improving the control precision of the rotation amplitude of the guide rudder.
  • a tip end portion or a wedge portion is formed at an end of the flow guiding rudder remote from the floating chamber.
  • a pressurized water tank connected to the floating tank for adjusting the degree of up and down floating of the floating tank relative to the sea level by changing the amount of water injection is further included.
  • the weight of the floating tank can be adjusted according to the real-time sea condition by adjusting the water injection amount in the pressurized water tank, thereby adjusting the floating degree of the floating cabin relative to the sea level, so that the wave energy generating device can be adjusted. It can carry out limited power operation when the wave is overloaded, and it can protect the function when it is under water in extreme sea conditions. After the sea condition recovers smoothly, the water in the pressurized water tank is discharged, and the floating cabin automatically floats to the sea surface. Returning to normal work is beneficial to improve the stability of the wave energy power generation device under various working conditions, thereby improving the survivability of the wave energy power generation device under various working conditions.
  • the pressurized water tank is disposed in the floating tank.
  • the volume of the pressurized water tank is set at a specific ratio to the volume of the floating tank, and the specific ratio satisfies that the total weight of the floating tank is greater than or equal to the floating tank after the pressurized water tank is filled with water.
  • the pressurized water tank is disposed near a center of gravity or a middle rear portion of the floating cabin.
  • the kinetic energy collecting assembly comprises a vertical axis impeller, and the vertical axis impeller is mounted at a rear end of the floating cabin in such a manner that its rotating shaft is perpendicular to the surge direction of the waves.
  • the wave kinetic energy can be collected more effectively, which is beneficial to improve the collection efficiency and effect of wave kinetic energy.
  • a concave portion that is recessed upward is provided on a lower surface of the floating chamber, and the vertical shaft impeller is mounted at the concave portion.
  • the recess can change the flow path of the wave flowing through the lower surface of the floating cabin, and at the same time increase the flow speed of the wave to a certain extent, thereby facilitating the increase of the wave acting on the vertical axis impeller.
  • the force can better promote the rotation of the vertical axis impeller, thereby facilitating the collection efficiency and effect of wave kinetic energy.
  • a kinetic energy conversion assembly for driving the oscillating energy of the wave into hydraulic energy is provided in the floating cabin.
  • the potential energy collecting assembly further comprises at least one vertically disposed hydraulic cylinder, the two ends of which are respectively hinged with the sea bottom and the floating tank, and the hydraulic cylinder can also vertically face the floating tank
  • the limit function constitutes the vertical limit component.
  • a hydraulic system is provided in the floating cabin for supporting the hydraulic cylinder to control the extension of the hydraulic cylinder to lift the floating cabin away from the water surface.
  • the floating tank drives the hydraulic cylinder to perform a telescopic movement with the fluctuation of the wave, and the telescopic movement of the hydraulic cylinder generates hydraulic energy.
  • the hydraulic cylinder is controlled to extend by the hydraulic system to lift the floating cabin away from the water surface to facilitate inspection of the floating cabin.
  • the positioning assembly further comprises a horizontal positioning assembly for horizontally positioning the floating cabin.
  • the horizontal positioning component is mainly used for horizontal positioning
  • the vertical limiting component is used for realizing limited positioning, so that the floating cabin can only float up and down at the positioning point, and does not drift with the front and rear of the wave, and the left and right wide range.
  • the plurality of wave energy collecting units of the wave power generating device can be separately fixed on the sea floor and fixed at a fixed point, so as to avoid the wave energy collecting unit colliding with the wave drift, and the multiple sets of wave energy collecting end edges do not interfere with each other independently, and the collected
  • the concentration of energy on the power generation platform is conducive to the intensive construction of wave acquisition units in a limited sea area, and the centralized construction of large wave power stations.
  • the wave energy collecting unit can maintain the structural stability under extreme sea conditions, thereby achieving the purpose of shutdown protection.
  • the horizontal positioning assembly comprises at least one pile vertically fixed to the sea floor, the floating tank being connected to the at least one pile by a connecting piece.
  • the floating cabin is fixed to the sea floor through the connecting piece and vertically There is one less pile connection.
  • multiple sets of wave energy collecting units can be separately fixed on the sea floor and fixed-point fixed, which can avoid the wave energy collecting unit colliding with the wave drift, and multiple sets of wave energy collecting end edges do not interfere with each other independently. Conducive to the centralized construction of large wave power stations.
  • At least one connecting rod is disposed between a single said pile and said floating tank, and two ends of said connecting rod are respectively rotatably connected or hinged with said pile and floating tank, said at least one connecting rod
  • the connector is constructed.
  • the at least one connecting rod is two, and the front ends of the two connecting rods are spaced apart on the floating cabin, and their rear ends are gathered together on the pile.
  • a triangular-shaped connecting structure is formed between the floating cabin and the single pile, and the stability of the structure is good, which is advantageous for improving the stability of horizontal positioning of the horizontal positioning component to the floating cabin.
  • a balance link connecting the two is provided between two adjacent piles.
  • a triangular structure is formed in two adjacent piles, the balance link and the connecting member, and the stability of the structure is good, which is beneficial to improving the stability of the horizontal positioning component to the horizontal positioning of the floating cabin. Sex.
  • the connecting member and/or the balance link are formed by elastic links.
  • the elastic connecting rod is a connecting rod which can change the length within a certain range when subjected to a large external force, and the peak of the connecting rod can be unloaded by the elastic connecting rod when the wave energy generating device is subjected to a large impact. Torque to avoid breakage of the connecting rod.
  • a first auxiliary fixing rod connecting the two is provided between the vertical limiting component of the same set of the wave energy collecting unit and the at least one pile.
  • the positioning of the pile can be reinforced, which is beneficial to improve the stability of the pile.
  • a second auxiliary fixing rod connecting the two is disposed between the vertical limiting component of one of the wave energy collecting units and the at least one pile of the adjacent wave energy collecting unit.
  • the positioning of the pile can be reinforced by the second auxiliary fixing rod, which is advantageous for improving the stability of the pile.
  • an ocean current collecting unit is installed on a portion of the at least one pile below the sea level, and at least one of the wind energy collecting unit and the solar energy collecting unit is installed on a portion of the at least one pile above the sea level.
  • At least one of an accumulator, a radiator and a high-pressure gas storage tank is further disposed in the floating cabin.
  • Figure 1 is a top perspective view of a wave energy generating device, which is a first embodiment
  • Figure 2 is a front elevational view of the wave energy generating device of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the single set of wave energy collecting unit of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of the wave energy generating device shown in Figure 1 in a normal power generating state
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the wave energy generating device shown in Figure 1 in an emergency protection state
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of the wave energy generating device shown in Figure 1 in a shutdown protection state
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of the wave energy generating device shown in Figure 1 in an overhaul state
  • Fig. 8 is a top perspective view of the wave power generating device, which is a second embodiment.
  • the direction of the wave surge is from left to right in FIGS. 1 to 8
  • the front end refers to the left side in FIGS. 1 to 8
  • the rear end refers to the one in FIGS. 1 to 8 .
  • the longitudinal direction refers to a direction that is perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the sea level
  • the lateral direction refers to a direction that is parallel or approximately parallel to the sea level.
  • the wave energy generating device of the present invention is a large wave power generating array fixed on the sea floor, comprising a plurality of sets of wave energy collecting units arranged in a matrix, disposed between the plurality of wave energy collecting units 1 and collecting electricity.
  • a plurality of sets of wave energy collecting units convert the wave energy into hydraulic energy, and this part of the hydraulic energy is concentrated on the power generating platform 2, and the power generating platform 2 converts the hydraulic energy into electrical energy.
  • the single set of wave energy collecting unit 1 includes a laterally disposed floating cabin 3.
  • the floating chamber 3 is a long oval or fusiform cylindrical housing having a longitudinal section.
  • a kinetic energy collecting component and/or a potential energy collecting component is usually provided on the floating cabin 3.
  • At least one hydraulic cylinder 5 is disposed on the lower surface of the bottom of the floating cabin 3 near the center of gravity of the floating cabin 3 or the horizontal axis of gravity.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 5 is a telescopic hydraulic cylinder, and the top end of the hydraulic cylinder 5 is hinged to the floating chamber 3, and the hydraulic cylinder 5 is The bottom end is hinged to the sea floor directly or indirectly via a connecting rod, and the vertical hydraulic cylinder 5 constitutes the vertical limiting assembly, which is mainly used for collecting the potential energy of the wave and the vertical positioning of the floating tank 3.
  • a hydraulic system 51 provided in cooperation with the hydraulic cylinder 5, the hydraulic system 51 mainly increasing the force of the hydraulic cylinder 5 on the floating tank 3 by changing the pressure for controlling the elongation of the hydraulic cylinder 5
  • the floating cabin 3 is lifted to leave the water surface to facilitate the inspection of the floating cabin 3.
  • the hydraulic system 51 can be implemented by the prior art structure, and thus will not be described herein.
  • the wave energy generating device further includes a plurality of piles 6 disposed behind the floating tank 3 and arranged side by side along the length direction of the floating tank 3, the plurality of piles 6 being disposed in a vertical direction, and the bottom ends of which are usually fixed by a connecting member
  • a balance link 62 connecting the two is provided between two adjacent piles 6.
  • the two ends of the balance link 62 are fixedly connected or hinged to the adjacent two piles 6.
  • Two connecting rods 61 are provided between the single pile 6 and the floating tank 3.
  • the front ends of the two connecting rods 61 are respectively rotatably connected or hinged to the rear end of the floating tank 3, and their front ends are spaced apart on the floating tank 3
  • the rear ends of the two connecting rods 61 are gathered together on the corresponding pile 6, and the foregoing two are respectively rotatably connected or hinged to the corresponding pile 6.
  • the horizontal positioning assembly is formed by the plurality of piles 6, the plurality of links 61, and the balance link 62, and is mainly used for positioning the floating cabin 3 in the horizontal direction.
  • the connecting rod 61 and the balance link 62 may be composed of a common connecting rod or an elastic connecting rod, and are preferably composed of an elastic connecting rod, which is a connecting rod which can change the length within a certain range when subjected to a great external force.
  • the elastic link can unload the peak torque received by the connecting rod to prevent the connecting rod from breaking.
  • at least one of the wind energy collecting unit and the solar energy collecting unit is further mounted on a portion of the at least one pile 6 above the sea level, and the at least one pile 6 is located
  • the ocean current collecting unit is installed on a portion below the sea level.
  • the wind energy collecting unit, the solar energy collecting unit, and the ocean current collecting unit are all prior art, and thus will not be described herein.
  • a laterally disposed guide rudder 4 is hinged or rotatably connected to the front end of the floating cabin 3, and a guide rudder control unit guide rudder driving unit 41 is disposed in the floating cabin 3, and the diversion is provided.
  • the rudder driving unit 41 is configured to drive the deflector 4 to offset relative to the floating cabin body according to the received control command and control the offset amplitude of the latter, where the offset amplitude mainly guides the rudder 4 relative to the floating cabin
  • the main body is in particular the angle of rotation of the front end of the float.
  • the guide rudder 4 is a columnar casing whose longitudinal section is approximately in the shape of an isosceles triangle, and the rear end of the guide rudder 4 (corresponding to the bottom portion of the isosceles triangle shape) is integrally formed to be recessed toward the front.
  • a first concave surface portion that cooperates with a front end portion of the floating chamber 3, and a front side portion of the flow guiding rudder 4 (a structure formed corresponding to the two waists of the isosceles triangle shape) constitutes the tip end of the present invention unit.
  • the longitudinal section of the deflector 4 can also be wedge shaped to form the wedge.
  • a rotating shaft (constituting a deflection actuator) is mounted on the front end of the floating cabin 3, and the guiding rudder 4 is rotationally coupled with the floating cabin 3 via the rotating shaft, thereby realizing the deflection angle of the guiding rudder 4 relative to the floating cabin 3.
  • the guide rudder 4 when the guide rudder 4 is driven up by the guide rudder driving unit 41, the floating cabin 3 is subjected to an upward force, which can increase the floating speed of the floating cabin 3; the guiding rudder 4 is diverted When the rudder drive unit 41 is driven to deflect downward, the floating cabin 3 is subjected to a downward pressure which can suppress the floating speed of the floating cabin 3 or accelerate the sinking speed of the floating cabin. At the same time, the upward rise of the guide rudder 4 during normal power generation can also guide the sea waves to quickly pass through the lower surface of the floating cabin 3.
  • a second concave surface portion 31 (constituting the concave portion) recessed upward is formed on the lower surface of the rear end of the floating chamber 3, and the second concave surface portion 31 is mounted at the second concave surface portion 31.
  • a kinetic energy conversion assembly for driving the kinetic energy of the wave into hydraulic energy is further disposed in the floating cabin 3, and in this embodiment, the kinetic energy conversion assembly is composed of a hydraulic pump. The pump is connected to the vertical shaft impeller 7 through a transmission mechanism such as a gear transmission assembly to convert the kinetic energy of the wave into hydraulic energy.
  • a pressurized water tank 8 is arranged in the floating cabin 3 near the rear portion thereof, and the pressurized water tank 8 is used for receiving a predetermined amount of seawater whose volume is set in a specific ratio with the volume of the floating tank 3, the specific ratio satisfying that the total weight of the floating tank 3 after the pressurized water tank 8 is filled with water is greater than or equal to the buoyancy of the entire floating tank 3, After the pressurized water tank 8 is drained, the total weight of the floating tank 3 is made smaller than the buoyancy of the entire floating tank 3.
  • the injection and drainage unit is disposed at the bottom of the pressurized water tank 8.
  • the water injection and drainage unit is a prior art combination, for example, including: an electronically controlled valve that connects the other end of the pressurized water tank 8 to the lower surface of the floating tank 3, and compressed air.
  • Device and high pressure gas storage tank During normal operation, the pressurized water tank 8 is not filled with water, the electric control valve is closed, the floating tank 3 floats on the water surface, and the compressed air device pressurizes the air to store compressed air for the high pressure gas storage tank; when the floating tank 3 sinks, the electronically controlled valve opens.
  • the pressurized water tank 8 is filled with water; when the floating tank 3 needs to be floated, the high-pressure gas storage tank injects compressed air into the floating tank 3, and the electric control valve opens to discharge the seawater in the pressurized water tank 8.
  • the control unit of the wave energy generating device is connected with the signal of the injection and drainage unit of the pressurized water tank 8, and the control unit can be based on the marine environment (for example, wave crest, trough, liquid level difference, wave height, etc.) where the wave energy generating device is located.
  • the working state of the water injection unit is controlled, thereby controlling the amount of water injection in the pressurized water tank 8, thereby adjusting the degree of floating of the floating tank 3 relative to the sea level.
  • an accumulator 9 and a radiator 10 are also housed in the floating cabin 3, wherein the accumulator 9 has an energy storage function when the single set of wave energy collecting unit 1 is operated, in the entire wave energy power generation system.
  • the function is to stabilize the heat sink 10 for dissipating heat from a plurality of components housed in the floating cabin 3, thereby ensuring the working state of the plurality of components.
  • the wave energy generating device further includes a wave device for detecting parameters such as the wavelength of the wave, the wave height, and the like.
  • the entire wave power generating device has a control unit composed of an integrated circuit board, and the control unit and the wave device respectively.
  • the rudder driving unit 41, the pressurized water tank 8, the potential energy conversion component (for example, the hydraulic cylinder 5), the kinetic energy conversion component (for example, the hydraulic pump), the accumulator 9, the radiator 10, and the like are respectively connected or electrically connected to realize information. Interact, and thus control the working state of each of the aforementioned components.
  • the rotation angle of the guide rudder 4 relative to the floating cabin 3, the water injection amount of the pressurized water tank 8 and the corresponding relationship of the wave power generating device in different working states are preset in the control unit or the rudder driving unit 41. Therefore, the range of the angle of rotation of the deflector 4 relative to the float 3 and the amount of water injected into the pressurized tank 8 under different operating conditions are defined, that is, a correspondence relationship between the three is required, thereby guiding the guide 4
  • the range of rotation angle and the amount of water injected into the pressurized water tank 8 are customized to such as normal power generation mode, emergency protection Mode, shutdown protection mode, etc.
  • the control unit can send a control command to the rudder driving unit 41 and the pressurized water tank 8 according to the wave parameters fed back by the wave meter, thereby controlling the rotation angle of the guiding rudder 4 relative to the floating cabin 3 and the injection of the pressurized water tank 8.
  • the amount of water It is not difficult to understand that the wave instrument can directly interact directly with the deflector drive unit 41 and the pressurized water tank 8.
  • the guide rudder drive unit 41 can drive the guide rudder 4 relative to the float according to the control command issued by the wave gauge.
  • the cabin 3 performs the offset rotation and controls the rotation angle thereof, and the water injection and drainage unit of the pressurized water tank 8 controls the injection amount of the seawater in the pressurized water tank 8 according to the control command issued by the wave gauge, thereby controlling the weight of the floating cabin 3 itself. , thereby adjusting the degree of floating of the floating cabin 3 relative to the sea level.
  • the wave device transmits the detected wave information to the control unit of the wave energy power generation device, and the control unit or the wave device guides the rudder driving unit 41 to send a control command, and the flow guide
  • the rudder driving unit 41 drives the deflector 4 to deflect relative to the floating cabin 3 according to the control command and control the rotation angle thereof in the normal power generation mode; in this state, the guide rudder 4 is raised and fixed, and the pressure tank 3 is arranged.
  • the weight of the floating tank 3 is at a minimum state, in an optimal power generation state, and the levitation speed of the floating cabin 3 is raised by the kinetic energy of the wave surge, during which the floating cabin 3 is floated to the peak by the waves.
  • the vertical movement of the floating cabin 3 in the longitudinal direction causes the piston rod to reciprocate relative to the hydraulic cylinder 5, and the hydraulic cylinder 5 converts the potential energy of the wave into hydraulic energy; meanwhile, the guide rudder 4 Guiding, forcing the wave to flow along the lower surface of the floating cabin 3, the wave pushing the vertical axis impeller 7 at the rear end of the floating tank 3 to rotate, the vertical shaft impeller 7 driving the hydraulic pump connected to the transmission thereof, and the wave is driven by the hydraulic pump
  • the kinetic energy of the wave is transformed into hydraulic energy, so that the wave kinetic energy and potential energy are collected, and the energy of the wave is converted into hydraulic energy. This part of the hydraulic energy is collected and regulated, and then sent to the power generation platform 2 to be finally converted into electric energy.
  • the wave energy generating device is in the state of limited power operation protection
  • the wave device transmits the detected wave information to the control unit of the wave energy generating device, and the control unit or the wave device guides the rudder driving unit 41 to send a control command, the diversion The rudder driving unit 41 will guide the flow according to the control command
  • the angle of rotation of the rudder 4 relative to the floating cabin 3 is controlled in an emergency protection mode; in this state, the deflector 4 is rotated at an angle relative to the main body of the float cabin and positioned, and the pontoon 3 is pressed by the kinetic energy of the wave.
  • the guide rudder 4 does not surge up and down with the waves, and the floating tank 3 and the vertical axis impeller 7 can continue to operate (as described in the normal power generation state described above) to collect wave energy, and the wave energy is It is converted into hydraulic energy. This part of the hydraulic energy is collected and regulated, and then sent to the power generation platform 2 to be finally converted into electric energy.
  • the wave device transmits the detected wave information to the control unit of the wave energy generating device, and the control unit or the wave device guides the rudder driving unit 41 to send a control command, the guiding rudder.
  • the driving unit 41 controls the rotation angle of the guiding rudder 4 relative to the floating cabin 3 in the shutdown protection mode according to the control command; in this state, the guiding rudder 4 is rotated downward to the lowest angle and positioned relative to the floating cabin body.
  • the total gravity of the floating tank 3 is greater than the maximum buoyancy of the floating tank 3, so that the floating tank 3 sinks below the sea surface, and the wave energy is no longer collected at this time, and the wave energy generating device is at The shutdown state protects the wave energy generator.
  • the hydraulic system 51 controls the hydraulic cylinder 5 to elongate, and the extended hydraulic cylinder 5 lifts the floating cabin 3 out of the water surface. Since the floating tank 3 leaves the water surface at this time, the floating cabin does not swing with the surge of the waves, facilitating maintenance and overhaul of the wave energy generating equipment.
  • the energy collecting component of the wave power generating device (for example, the floating cabin 3) mainly uses a horizontal positioning component to achieve horizontal positioning, and a vertical limiting component to achieve vertical limiting, so that multiple sets of wave energy of the wave power generating device can be collected.
  • the unit can be fixed on the sea floor separately and fixed at a fixed point, avoiding the wave energy collecting unit colliding with the wave drift, and the multiple sets of wave energy collecting end edges do not interfere with each other independently, and the collected energy is concentrated on the power generation platform, which is conducive to centralized scale. Construction of large wave power stations.
  • at least one pile of the horizontal positioning component The wind energy collection unit and the solar energy collection unit are also installed on the part above the sea level.
  • the ocean current collection unit is installed on the part below the sea level, which can realize a multi-purpose and is suitable for building a large-scale integrated offshore power generation platform.
  • the two piles 6 are connected by a balance link 62, and two connecting rods 61 are disposed between the single pile 6 and the floating tank 3. Their front ends are spaced apart on the floating tank 3, and their rear ends are piled. 6 is gathered together, whereby a triangular-shaped connecting structure is formed between the floating tank 3 and the single pile 6, and a triangular-shaped connecting structure is formed between the adjacent pile and the floating cabin, and the stability of the structure is good. It is beneficial to improve the stability of the horizontal positioning component to horizontally position the floating cabin 3. At the same time, the positioning of the pile 6 can be strengthened by the first auxiliary fixing rod 63 and the second auxiliary fixing rod 64, which is beneficial to improving the stability of the pile 6.
  • the guide rudder 4 which is disposed at the front end of the floating cabin 3 and has an adjustable angle can improve the floating speed of the floating cabin 3 on the one hand, thereby improving the collection efficiency of the wave potential energy, thereby improving the power generation efficiency;
  • the wave is forced to flow along the lower surface of the floating cabin 3, thereby facilitating the rotation of the vertical axis impeller at the rear end of the floating tank 3, which is beneficial to improve the collection efficiency and effect of the wave energy, thereby improving the power generation efficiency.
  • the deflector 4 can change its rotation angle with respect to the floating cabin 3 under the driving of the deflector driving unit 41 according to the size of the wave, and adjust the weight of the floating cabin 3 in combination with the pressurized water tank 8, thereby adjusting the relative position of the floating cabin 3.
  • the speed and extent of the sinking at sea level so as to effectively protect the floating cabin 3, for example, when the sea level is small, the lifting rudder 4 is lifted up and the weight of the floating tank 3 is the minimum, and the kinetic energy of the wave is utilized. Maximize the speed of the cabin.
  • the guide rudder 4 is lowered and the pressurized water tank 8 is filled with water.
  • the floating tank 3 is in the maximum weight state. At this time, the gravity of the floating cabin is greater than the buoyancy of the floating cabin, and the kinetic energy of the wave is used to press the floating cabin. 3.
  • the floating cabin 3 is quickly sunk below the sea surface to protect the floating cabin 3.
  • a vertical axis impeller 7 is provided at the bottom surface of the rear end bottom of the floating tank 3, and the vertical axis impeller 7 is mounted at the rear end of the floating tank 3 in such a manner that its rotating shaft is perpendicular to the surge direction of the wave, so that More efficient collection of wave kinetic energy, which in turn helps to improve the collection efficiency and effect of wave kinetic energy.
  • the deflector 4 and the vertical axis impeller 7 are separated from each other in the long axis direction of the floating tank 3, combined with the concave end drainage design of the floating tank 3, the flow velocity of the wave along the lower surface of the floating tank 3 can be increased. Thereby facilitating the vertical axis impeller 7 to better receive The kinetic energy of the wave is beneficial to improve the collection efficiency and effect of the wave energy.
  • the weight of the floating tank 3 can be adjusted according to the real-time sea condition by adjusting the water injection amount in the pressurized water tank 8, thereby adjusting the floating degree of the floating tank 3 relative to the sea level, so that the wave energy can be generated.
  • the device can perform limited power operation when the wave is overloaded, and under the extreme sea conditions, the floating cabin 3 is controlled to sink underwater, avoiding the huge waves on the sea surface, and functions as a shutdown protection function, which is beneficial to improve the wave energy power generation device under various working conditions.
  • the stability of the wave energy generator is improved under various working conditions. After the sea condition returns to a stable state, the water discharge unit discharges the water in the pressure water tank 8, and the floating tank 3 floats to the surface again to maintain normal operation.
  • the longitudinal section of the floating cabin 3 is a long elliptical or fusiform shape disposed laterally. Since the oblong or fusiform surface has a smooth curved shape, the resistance of the seawater flowing through the surface of the floating cabin can be reduced. In turn, the speed of the wave is accelerated, which helps to improve the collection of potential energy.
  • the wave energy generating device is provided with a potential energy collecting component and a kinetic energy collecting component, so that the wave potential energy is collected while collecting the kinetic energy of the wave, which is beneficial to the wave energy compared with the separate collection of the wave potential energy or the kinetic energy in the prior art. Collection efficiency.
  • the supporting oil pump 51 works to control the extension of the hydraulic cylinder 5, and the lifting float 3 is raised above the water surface to facilitate the maintenance of the floating tank 3.
  • each connecting rod (for example, the connecting rod 61 and the balance connecting rod 62) adopts an elastic connecting rod design, which avoids the fracture condition caused by the instantaneous wave impact of the wave energy generating device, and improves the adaptability and stability of the overall structure. .
  • the guide rudder 4 and the pressurized water tank 8 are controlled by the control command issued by the control unit or the wave device according to the information fed back by the wave meter, but it is not limited thereto, and the guide rudder 4 and The control mode of the pressurized water tank 8 can also be: artificial active control and passive hydraulic system overload protection control.
  • the deflection actuator is a rotating shaft, and the deflector 4 forms a rotational connection with the floating cabin 3 via the rotating shaft; however, it is not limited thereto, and the deflection actuator may also be an arc disposed at the front end of the floating tank 3. a slide rail, correspondingly, disposed on the guide rudder 4
  • the connecting fulcrum (for example, the protrusion) of the curved sliding rail, the guiding rudder 4 is matched with the curved guiding rail to form a sliding connection with the floating cabin 3, so that the guiding rudder runs along the curved sliding rail, thereby
  • the deflection angle of the deflector 4 relative to the main body of the float is adjusted.
  • the pressurized water tank 8 is disposed in the floating tank 3, but is not limited thereto, and the pressurized water tank 8 may be disposed outside the floating tank 3 as long as the pressurized water tank 8 and the floating tank 3 are secured. Just connect.
  • the pressurized water tank 8 is disposed near the middle rear portion of the floating tank 3, but is not limited thereto, and the pressurized water tank 8 may be disposed close to the center of gravity of the floating tank 3.
  • the kinetic energy conversion component for example, the hydraulic pump
  • the vertical axis impeller 7 is directly or indirectly connected to the vertical axis impeller 7. If the vertical axis impeller 7 is a small power unit, the shaft of the vertical axis impeller 7 is directly connected to the hydraulic pressure. On the pump shaft, conversely, a transmission shifting assembly is required.
  • the transmission shifting assembly can be a gearbox drive assembly, chain or other transmission assembly, and the like is also included within the scope of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 also proposes an overall structure of another wave power generating device.
  • a first auxiliary fixing rod 63 connecting the two between the hydraulic cylinder 5 of the same wave energy collecting unit 1 and a pile 6 is provided, and one end of the first auxiliary fixing rod 63 is connected with the pile 6 (for example, the connecting rod 61, balance)
  • the connection between the connecting rod 62 and the pile 6 is fixedly connected or hinged, and the other end thereof is fixedly connected or hinged with the fixing portion of the hydraulic cylinder 5 at the sea bottom (ie, the bottom end of the hydraulic cylinder 5);
  • a hydraulic auxiliary cylinder 5 and a pile 6 of the adjacent wave energy collecting unit 1 are provided with a second auxiliary fixing rod 64 connecting the two ends of the hydraulic cylinder 5 of the wave energy collecting unit of the seabed.
  • the fixed portion ie, the bottom end of the hydraulic cylinder 5
  • the second auxiliary fixing rod 64 is connected or hinged.
  • the first auxiliary fixing rod 63 and the second auxiliary fixing rod 64 may each be composed of a common connecting rod or an elastic connecting rod, and are preferably composed of an elastic connecting rod.
  • the first auxiliary fixing rod 63 and the second auxiliary fixing rod 64 are functions for adding rigidity to the pile 6, but are not limited thereto, and other manners of fixing the pile 6 are included in the protection scope of the present invention. .
  • the drawings merely illustrate the structural relationship, and are not limited to the proportional relationship.
  • the specific configuration of the pile 6 is not limited, the specific configuration of the pile 6 is to satisfy the single pile 6 or the pile 6 and the first auxiliary connection.
  • the rod 63 and the second auxiliary link 64 can be sufficient to support the horizontal stable structure of the entire system; although the strength of the connecting rod 61 and the balance link 62 is not specifically limited, the strength of the connecting rod 61 and the balance connecting rod 62 is The structural stability of each component can be satisfied, and the dimensions of the components in the above description are not limited to the scale relationship of the drawings.
  • the compressed air device in the water injection unit is configured to supply compressed air to the high pressure gas storage tank.
  • the high pressure gas storage tank can be manually inflated during maintenance. Therefore, the compressed air device does not have to be equipped.

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Abstract

一种波浪能发电装置，包括多套波浪能收集单元（1），单套波浪能收集单元包括：用以收集波浪势能的势能收集组件和用以收集波浪动能的动能收集组件、对浮舱（3）进行竖直限位和水平定位的定位组件。该装置有利于提高波浪能量的收集效率，同时可满足长期安全稳定运行，适合规模化建造，提高单位海域内的发电效率的目的。

Description

波浪能发电装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种波浪能发电装置。
背景技术
波浪发电始于20世纪70年代，以日、美、英、挪威等国为代表，现有技术中存在各式规模不同的波浪发电装置，其中以点头鸭式、震荡浮体式、震荡水柱式、海蛇式、海蚌式、软袋式等最为代表，其中，
1)点头鸭式波浪发电设备，主要利用了波浪的液位差，鸭头凸起部分跟随波浪做上下点头运动，收集波浪高低液位差的势能；
2)震荡浮体式波浪发电设备，利用浮体随波浪液位的高低运动来采集波浪的高低液位差的势能；
3)震荡水柱式波浪发电设备，利用波浪的高低液位差挤压空气实现对波浪势能的采集；
4)海蛇式波浪发电设备，通过前后浮体随波浪的高低运动、带动铰接连接点的液压缸往复运动、从而产生液压能，利用前后波浪的波峰和波谷的液位差进行发电，采集波浪高低液位差的势能；
5)海蚌式波浪发电设备通过蚌体随波浪的涌动往复摆动推动下端的液压缸产生能量，采集波浪的动能；
6)软袋式波浪发电装置，随着波浪动能的涌动推动软袋内空气流动，流动的空气推动后端的叶轮产生动能，采集的是波浪向前涌动的动能。
上述点头鸭式、震荡浮体式、震荡水柱式技术为主要采集或转化波浪高低水位差的势能，海蚌式、软袋式主要采集波浪涌动的动能。然而这些波浪发电装置对波浪能的收集效率较低、均不利于集中规模化建造大型海上波浪发电。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的主要目的在于，提供一种有利于提高对波浪能的收集效率的波浪能发电装置。
本发明提供了一种波浪能发电装置，包括多套波浪能收集单元，单套波浪能收集单元包括：能量收集组件，用以收集波浪能，包括用以收集波浪势能的势能收集组件和用以收集波浪动能的动能收集组件，其中，所述势能收集组件包括一浮舱；定位组件，用以对所述浮舱进行定位，包括对所述浮舱进行限位的竖直限位组件。
采用这种技术方案，波浪能发电装置同时设有势能收集组件和动能收集组件，这样，采集波浪势能的同时也采集波浪的动能，与现有技术中单独收集波浪势能或动能相比，有利于提高波浪能量的收集效率。
优选的，所述浮舱是纵截面呈横向设置的长椭圆形或梭形的壳体。
采用这种技术方案，由于所述浮舱的纵截面呈横向设置的长椭圆形或梭形，能够减小海水流经浮舱表面时所受的阻力，进而加快波浪的通过速度，有助于提高势能的收集效果。
优选的，在所述浮舱的前端铰接或转动连接有导流舵，在所述浮舱内设有用以根据所接收的控制指令来驱动该导流舵相对于所述浮舱主体进行偏移的导流舵驱动单元。
采用这种技术方案，所述导流舵一方面可提高所述浮舱上浮的速度，进而提高对波浪势能的收集效率；另一方面可引导、迫使波浪顺着所述浮舱下表面流动，进而有利于推动动能收集组件的叶轮转动，有利于提高波浪能的收集效率和效果。另外，通过所述导流舵驱动单元可根据所接收的控制指令来驱动导流舵相对于所述浮舱主体进行偏移并控制后者的偏移幅度，进而调整浮舱相对于海平面上升和下沉的速度，从而对浮舱进行有效保护。
优选的，还包括一波浪仪，所述导流舵驱动单元与该波浪仪通信连接，所述导流舵驱动单元根据所述波浪仪所发出的控制指令来控制 所述导流舵相对于所述浮舱的转动幅度。
采用这种技术方案，通过所述波浪仪所发出的控制指令能够及时改变所述导流舵相对于所述浮舱的转动幅度，进而提高对所述导流舵转动幅度的控制精确性。
优选的，在所述导流舵的远离所述浮舱的一端形成有尖端部或楔形部。
采用这种技术方案，有利于保证和提高所述导流舵对波浪的引导作用。
优选的，还包括与所述浮舱相连接、用以通过改变注水量来调节所述浮舱相对于海平面的上下浮动程度的压水舱。
采用这种技术方案，由于设有压水舱，可根据实时海况通过调节压水舱内的注水量，来调节浮舱的重量，进而调节浮舱相对于海平面的浮动程度，使波浪能发电装置可以在浪大超负荷时进行限功率运行，在极端海况时沉在水下停机起到保护功能，海况回复平稳后排出所述压水舱舱内的水，所述浮舱自动上浮到海面，回复正常工作，有利于提高波浪能发电装置在各种工况下的稳定性，进而提高波浪能发电装置在各种工况下的生存能力。
优选的，所述压水舱设置在所述浮舱内。
优选的，所述压水舱的容积与所述浮舱的容积按照特定比例设置，该特定比例满足所述压水舱注满水后使所述浮舱的总重量大于或等于所述浮舱整体所受的浮力、所述压水舱排空水后使所述浮舱的总重量小于所述浮舱整体所受的浮力。
优选的，所述压水舱靠近所述浮舱的重心位置或中后部设置。
优选的，所述动能收集组件包括一垂直轴叶轮，并该垂直轴叶轮以其转轴与波浪的涌动方向相垂直的方式安装在所述浮舱后端。
采用这种技术方案，能够更有效地收集波浪动能，进而有利于提高对波浪动能的收集效率和效果。
优选的，在所述浮舱的下表面设有朝上凹进的凹部，所述垂直轴叶轮安装在该凹部处。
采用这种技术方案，所述凹部能改变波浪流经所述浮舱下表面的流动路径，同时能够在一定程度上增加波浪的流动速度，进而有利于增加波浪作用在所述垂直轴叶轮上的作用力，从而能够更好地推动所述垂直轴叶轮转动，进而有利于提高对波浪动能的收集效率和效果。
优选的，在所述浮舱内收装有与所述垂直轴叶轮传动连接、用以将波浪的动能转化成液压能的动能转化组件。
优选的，所述势能收集组件还包括至少一个竖直设置的液压缸，该液压缸的两端分别与海底和所述浮舱铰接，所述液压缸还能对所述浮舱起到竖直限位功能，构成所述竖直限位组件。
优选的，在所述浮舱内设有与所述液压缸配套设置、用于控制所述液压缸伸长以托举所述浮舱使其离开水面的液压系统。
采用这种技术方案，发电时，所述浮舱随波浪的起伏带动所述液压缸做伸缩运动，该液压缸的伸缩运动产生液压能。检修时，通过液压系统控制液压缸伸长以托举所述浮舱使其离开水面以方便对所述浮舱进行检修。
优选的，所述定位组件还包括对所述浮舱进行水平定位的水平定位组件。
采用这种技术方案，主要利用水平定位组件实现水平定位、利用竖直限位组件实现限量定位，使所述浮舱在定位点只能上下浮动、不会随海浪前后、左右大范围内漂移，如此，使波浪发电装置的多套波浪能收集单元能够单独固定在海底上并实现定点固定，避免波浪能收集单元随波浪漂移碰撞，多套波浪能收集端缘互不干扰独立工作，采集到的能量集中到发电平台上，有利于在有限海域内密集的建造波浪采集单元，进而集中规模化建造大型波浪发电站。同时，由于采用上述结构，使波浪能收集单元在极端海况下还可保持结构稳定，进而起到停机保护的目的。
优选的，所述水平定位组件包括竖直固定在海底的至少一个桩，所述浮舱通过连接件与这至少一个桩连接。
采用这种技术方案，所述浮舱通过连接件与竖直固定在海底的至 少一个桩连接，如此，可实现多套波浪能收集单元能够单独固定在海底上并实现定点固定，能够避免波浪能收集单元随波浪漂移碰撞，多套波浪能收集端缘互不干扰独立工作，有利于集中规模化建造大型波浪发电站。
优选的，在单个所述桩与所述浮舱之间设有至少一个连杆，并且所述连杆的两端分别与所述桩和浮舱转动连接或铰接，由所述至少一个连杆构成所述连接件。
采用这种技术方案，能够实现对所述浮舱进行水平方向上的定位。
优选的，所述至少一个连杆为两个，这两个连杆的前端在所述浮舱上间隔设置，它们的后端在所述桩上聚集在一起。
采用这种技术方案，在所述浮舱与单个桩之间形成三角形分布的连接结构，这种结构的稳定性较好，有利于提高水平定位组件对浮舱进行水平定位的稳定性。
优选的，在相邻两个所述桩之间设有连接两者的平衡连杆。
采用这种技术方案，在相邻两个所述桩、所述平衡连杆、连接件形成三角形结构，这种结构的稳定性较好，有利于提高水平定位组件对浮舱进行水平定位的稳定性。
优选的，所述连接件和/或平衡连杆由弹性连杆构成。
采用这种技术方案，弹性连杆是一种受到巨大外力时在一定范围内可以改变长度的连杆，波浪能发电装置受到巨大冲击时通过该弹性连杆可卸荷掉连杆所受的峰值力矩，避免连杆断裂。
优选的，在同一套所述波浪能收集单元的所述竖直限位组件与所述至少一个桩之间设有连接两者的第一辅助固定杆。
采用这种技术方案，能够对所述桩的定位进行加固，有利于提高所述桩的稳定性。
优选的，在其中一套所述波浪能收集单元的所述竖直限位组件与相邻所述波浪能收集单元的所述至少一个桩之间设有连接两者的第二辅助固定杆。
采用这种技术方案，通过所述第二辅助固定杆能够对所述桩的定位进行加固，有利于提高所述桩的稳定性。
优选的，在所述至少一个桩的位于海平面以下的部分上安装有洋流采集单元，在所述至少一个桩的位于海平面以上的部分上安装有风能采集单元和太阳能采集单元中至少一种。
采用这种技术方案，实现一桩多用，适合建造大规模综合化海上发电平台。
优选的，在所述浮舱内还设有蓄能器、散热器、高压储气罐中至少一种。
附图说明
图1为波浪能发电装置的俯视斜视图，为第一实施例；
图2为图1所示波浪能发电装置的前视图；
图3为图1中单套波浪能收集单元的部分剖视图；
图4为图1所示波浪能发电装置处于正常发电状态下的示意图；
图5为图1所示波浪能发电装置处于应急保护状态下的示意图；
图6为图1所示波浪能发电装置处于停机保护状态下的示意图；
图7为图1所示波浪能发电装置处于检修状态下的示意图；
图8为波浪能发电装置的俯视斜视图，为第二实施例。
具体实施方式
下面参照图1～8对本发明所述波浪能发电装置的具体实施方式进行详细的说明。在下述描述中，波浪的涌动方向为图1～图8中由左向右，所述前端是指图1～图8中的左侧，所述后端是指图1～图8中的右侧。所述纵向是指垂直或近似垂直于海平面的方向，所述横向是指平行或近似平行于海平面的方向。
本发明所述波浪能发电装置是一种固定在海底上的大型波浪发电阵列，包括呈矩阵形排列的多套波浪能收集单元1、设置在这多套波浪能收集单元1之间并集发电站、升压站及集中控制平台于一体的 发电平台2。多套波浪能收集单元将波浪能化成液压能，这部分液压能再集中到发电平台2上，由发电平台2将液压能转化成电能。
如图1～图3所示，单套波浪能收集单元1包括一横向设置的浮舱3，本实施例中，浮舱3是纵截面呈横向设置的长椭圆形或梭形的柱状壳体，在浮舱3上通常设有动能收集组件和/或势能收集组件。在浮舱3的底部下表面接近浮舱3重心或重心水平轴线上设有至少一个液压缸5，该液压缸5为伸缩液压缸，液压缸5的顶端与浮舱3铰接，液压缸5的底端直接或通过连杆间接地铰接在海底上，由前述液压缸5构成所述竖直限位组件，它主要用以收集波浪的势能和对浮舱3进行竖直方向上的限位。在浮舱3内还设有与液压缸5配套设置的液压系统51，该液压系统51主要通过改变压强来增大液压缸5对浮舱3的作用力，用于控制液压缸5伸长以托举浮舱3使其离开水面以方便对浮舱3进行检修，液压系统51可采用现有技术中的结构来实现，故在此不做赘述。
波浪能发电装置还包括置于浮舱3的后方并沿浮舱3的长度方向并排设置的多个桩6，这多个桩6均沿竖直方向设置，它们的底端通常通过连接件固定在海底上，相邻两个桩6之间设有连接两者的平衡连杆62，该平衡连杆62的两端与相邻两个桩6固定连接或铰接。在单个桩6与浮舱3之间设有两个连杆61，这两个连杆61的前端分别与浮舱3的后端转动连接或铰接，并且它们的前端在浮舱3上间隔设置，前述两个连杆61的后端在对应桩6上聚集在一起，并且前述两者分别与对应桩6转动连接或铰接。由前述多个桩6、多个连杆61、平衡连杆62共同构成所述水平定位组件，它们主要用以对浮舱3进行水平方向上的定位。前述连杆61、平衡连杆62均可由普通连杆或弹性连杆构成，优选由弹性连杆构成，该弹性连杆是一种受到极大外力时在一定范围内可以改变长度的连杆，波浪能发电装置受到瞬间冲击时通过该弹性连杆可卸荷掉连杆所受的峰值力矩，避免连杆断裂。另外，在前述至少一个桩6的位于海平面以上的部分上还安装有风能采集单元和太阳能采集单元中至少一种，在前述至少一个桩6的位于 海平面以下的部分上安装有洋流采集单元，其中，风能采集单元、太阳能采集单元、洋流采集单元均为现有技术，故在此不做赘述。
如图1～图3所示，在浮舱3的前端铰接或转动连接有横向设置的导流舵4，在浮舱3内设有导流舵控制单元导流舵驱动单元41，该导流舵驱动单元41用以根据所接收的控制指令来驱动导流舵4相对于浮舱主体进行偏移并控制后者的偏移幅度，这里所述偏移幅度主要指导流舵4相对于浮舱主体特别是浮舱前端的转动角度。本实施例中，导流舵4是纵截面近似呈等腰三角形状的柱状壳体，在导流舵4的后端(对应于等腰三角形状的底边部分)一体形成朝前凹进的第一凹面部，该第一凹面部与浮舱3的前端部相配合，由导流舵4的前侧部分(对应于等腰三角形状的两腰所形成的结构)构成本发明所述尖端部。不难理解，导流舵4的纵截面还可为楔形以构成所述楔形部。本实施例中，在浮舱3的前端安装一转轴(构成偏转执行机构)，导流舵4经由该转轴与浮舱3形成转动连接，以此实现导流舵4相对浮舱3的偏转角度，以此来控制海浪对浮舱3的作用力。不难理解，导流舵4在导流舵驱动单元41驱动下上扬时，浮舱3受到向上的作用力，该向上的作用力能够增加浮舱3的上浮速度；导流舵4在导流舵驱动单元41驱动下向下偏转时，浮舱3受到下压力，该下压力能够抑制浮舱3的上浮速度或加快浮舱的下沉速度。同时，正常发电时导流舵4上扬还可引导海浪快速通过浮舱3的下表面。
如图1～图3所示，在浮舱3的后端底部于其下表面上形成朝上凹进的第二凹面部31(构成所述凹部)，在该第二凹面部31处安装有垂直轴叶轮7，该垂直轴叶轮7以其转轴与波浪的涌动方向相垂直的方式安装在浮舱3后端，同时该垂直轴叶轮7的轴向与浮舱3的长度方向相平行设置。另外，在浮舱3内还收装有与垂直轴叶轮7传动连接、用以将波浪的动能转化成液压能的动能转化组件，本实施例中，动能转化组件由液压泵来构成，该液压泵通过齿轮传动组件等传动机构与垂直轴叶轮7传动连接，用以将波浪的动能转化成液压能。
在浮舱3内靠近其中后部设有一压水舱8，该压水舱8用以收装 预定量的海水，它的容积与浮舱3的容积按照特定比例设置，该特定比例满足压水舱8注满水后使浮舱3的总重量大于或等于浮舱3整体所受的浮力、压水舱8排空水后使浮舱3的总重量小于浮舱3整体所受的浮力。在压水舱8底部设置有注、排水单元，其中，注排水单元为现有技术组合，例如，包括：一端连接压水舱8另一端通往浮舱3下表面的电控阀、压缩空气装置和高压储气罐。正常工作时，压水舱8不注水，电控阀关闭，浮舱3上浮在水面，压缩空气装置加压空气为高压储气罐存储压缩空气；浮舱3下沉时，电控阀打开，压水舱8内注水；浮舱3需要上浮时，高压储气罐往浮舱3内注入压缩空气，电控阀打开，排出压水舱8内的海水。波浪能发电装置的控制单元与该压水舱8的注、排水单元信号连接，该控制单元可根据波浪能发电装置所处的海上环境(例如，波峰、波谷、液位差、浪高等)来控制注排水单元的工作状态，进而控制压水舱8内的注水量，从而调节浮舱3相对于海平面的上下浮动程度。
另外，在浮舱3内还收装有蓄能器9和散热器10，其中，蓄能器9在单套波浪能收集单元1工作时有储能的作用，在整个波浪能发电系统中的作用是稳压，散热器10用以对收装在浮舱3内的多个部件进行散热，进而保证这多个部件的工作状态。
此外，波浪能发电装置还包括用以检测波浪的波长、浪高等参数的波浪仪，整个波浪能发电装置具有一由集成电路板构成的控制单元，该控制单元分别与该波浪仪、前述导流舵驱动单元41、压水舱8、势能转化组件(例如，液压缸5)、动能转化组件(例如，液压泵)、蓄能器9、散热器10等分别进行信号连接或电连接来实现信息交互，进而控制前述各个部件的工作状态。本发明中，需在控制单元或导流舵驱动单元41中预先设定导流舵4相对于浮舱3的转动角度、压水舱8的注水量与波浪发电装置处于不同工作状态的对应关系，由此定义在不同工作状态下导流舵4相对于浮舱3的转动角度范围和压水舱8的注水量，即需在三者之间建立对应关系，由此将导流舵4的转动角度范围和压水舱8的注水量自定义为诸如正常发电模式、应急保护 模式、停机保护模式等。控制单元可根据波浪仪所反馈的波浪参数来向导流舵驱动单元41和压水舱8发送控制指令，由此来控制导流舵4相对于浮舱3的转动角度和压水舱8的注水量。不难理解，波浪仪也可直接与导流舵驱动单元41和压水舱8直接进行信息交互，导流舵驱动单元41可根据波浪仪所发出的控制指令来驱动导流舵4相对于浮舱3进行偏移转动并控制其转动角度，压水舱8的注排水单元根据波浪仪所发出的控制指令来控制压水舱8内海水的注入量，由此来控制浮舱3自身的重量，从而调节浮舱3相对于海平面的上下浮动程度。
下面参照图1～图7结合上述结构描述来对波浪能发电装置的工作原理进行简单地描述。
1)波浪能发电装置处于正常发电状态
如图4所示，海平面上的波浪处于正常状态时，波浪仪将检测的波浪信息发送至波浪能发电装置的控制单元，控制单元或波浪仪向导流舵驱动单元41发送控制指令，导流舵驱动单元41根据控制指令驱动导流舵4相对于浮舱3进行偏转并将其转动角度控制在正常发电模式下；在这种状态下，导流舵4上扬并固定，压水舱3排空(即不注入水)，浮舱3的重量为最小状态，处于最佳发电状态，通过波浪涌动的动能抬高浮舱3的上浮速度，在此过程中浮舱3被海浪浮至波峰、之后因重力下落至波谷，浮舱3在纵向上的上下浮动带动活塞杆相对于前述液压缸5进行往复运动，由该液压缸5将波浪的势能转化为液压能；同时，导流舵4引导、迫使波浪顺着浮舱3下表面流动，波浪推动位于浮舱3后端的垂直轴叶轮7转动，垂直轴叶轮7带动与其传动连接的液压泵运行，通过该液压泵将波浪的动能转化成液压能，如此完成对波浪动能和势能的采集，波浪的能量被转化成液压能，这部分液压能汇集在一起经稳压后输往发电平台2最终转化成电能。
2)波浪能发电装置处于限功率运行保护状态
如图5所示，海平面上的波浪较大时，波浪仪将检测的波浪信息发送至波浪能发电装置的控制单元，控制单元或波浪仪向导流舵驱动单元41发送控制指令，该导流舵驱动单元41根据该控制指令将导流 舵4相对于浮舱3的转动角度控制在应急保护模式下；在这种状态下，导流舵4相对于浮舱主体朝下转动一定角度并定位，利用波浪的动能下压浮舱3，在压水舱8内注入部分海水，则增大浮舱3的重量，由此来抑制浮舱3的上浮速度和高度，起到保护浮舱3的目的。在这种应急保护状态下，导流舵4不随着海浪上下涌动，浮舱3和垂直轴叶轮7还可继续运转(具体如前述正常发电状态所述)以收集波浪能，波浪的能量被转化成液压能，这部分液压能汇集在一起经稳压后输往发电平台2最终转化成电能。
3)波浪能发电装置处于停机保护状态
如图6所示，海平面处于极端巨型大浪时，波浪仪将检测的波浪信息发送至波浪能发电装置的控制单元，控制单元或波浪仪向导流舵驱动单元41发送控制指令，该导流舵驱动单元41根据该控制指令将导流舵4相对于浮舱3的转动角度控制在停机保护模式下；在这种状态下，导流舵4相对于浮舱主体朝下转动至最低角度并定位，在压水舱8内注满水，则浮舱3的总重力大于浮舱3的最大浮力，使浮舱3下沉于海面以下，此时不再继续收集波浪能，波浪能发电装置处于停机状态，进而对波浪能发电装置进行保护。
4)波浪能发电装置处于检修状态
如图7所示，当波浪能发电装置需要维护和检修时，液压系统51控制液压缸5伸长，通过伸长后的液压缸5托举浮舱3离开水面。由于此时浮舱3离开水面，浮舱不随波浪的涌动而摆动，便于对波浪能发电设备进行维护保养和检修。
本发明所述波浪能发电装置具有如下技术效果：
第一、波浪发电装置的能量收集组件(例如，浮舱3)主要利用水平定位组件实现水平定位、利用竖直限位组件实现竖直限位，如此，使波浪发电装置的多套波浪能收集单元能够单独固定在海底上并实现定点固定，避免波浪能收集单元随波浪漂移碰撞，多套波浪能收集端缘互不干扰独立工作，采集到的能量集中到发电平台上，有利于集中规模化建造大型波浪发电站。同时，在水平定位组件的至少一个桩 的位于海平面以上的部分上还安装有风能采集单元、太阳能采集单元，在其位于海平面以下的部分上安装有洋流采集单元，可实现一桩多用，适合建造大规模综合化海上发电平台。
另外，两个桩6之间通过平衡连杆62连接，设置在单个桩6与浮舱3之间的两个连杆61，它们的前端在浮舱3上间隔设置，它们的后端在桩6上聚集在一起，由此，在浮舱3与单个桩6之间形成三角形分布的连接结构、相邻桩和浮舱之间形成三角形分布的连接结构，这种结构的稳定性较好，有利于提高水平定位组件对浮舱3进行水平定位的稳定性。同时，通过第一辅助固定杆63、第二辅助固定杆64能够对桩6的定位进行加固，有利于提高桩6的稳定性。
第二、设置在浮舱3前端并可调角度的导流舵4，一方面可提高浮舱3上浮的速度，进而提高对波浪势能的收集效率，进而提高发电效率；另一方面可引导、迫使波浪顺着浮舱3下表面流动，进而有利于推动浮舱3后端的垂直轴叶轮的旋转，有利于提高波浪能的收集效率和效果，进而提高发电效率。另外，导流舵4可根据波浪的大小在导流舵驱动单元41的驱动下改变其相对于浮舱3的转动角度，结合压水舱8调节浮舱3的重量，进而调整浮舱3相对于海平面的下沉速度和程度，从而对浮舱3进行有效保护，例如，海平面浪小时，导流舵4上扬压水舱8排空、浮舱3的重量为最小值，利用波浪的动能最大限度的提升舱体的上浮速度。遇到极端大风天气出现巨浪时导流舵4下调同时压水舱8注满水、浮舱3处于重量最大状态此时浮舱的重力大于浮舱的浮力，配合波浪的动能下压浮舱3，使浮舱3快速沉在海面以下，从而对浮舱3进行保护。
第三、在浮舱3的后端底部下表面处设有垂直轴叶轮7，并且该垂直轴叶轮7以其转轴与波浪的涌动方向相垂直的方式安装在浮舱3后端，这样能够更有效地收集波浪动能，进而有利于提高对波浪动能的收集效率和效果。另外，由于导流舵4和垂直轴叶轮7分居于浮舱3的长轴方向上的两端，结合浮舱3后端凹面引流设计，这样，能够增加波浪沿浮舱3下表面的流速，从而有利于垂直轴叶轮7更好地收 集波浪的动能，有利于提高对波浪能的收集效率和效果。
第四、由于设有压水舱8，可根据实时海况通过调节压水舱8内的注水量，来调节浮舱3的重量，进而调节浮舱3相对于海平面的浮动程度，使波浪能发电装置可以在浪大超负荷时进行限功率运行，在极端海况下控制浮舱3沉在水下，躲避海面巨浪，起到停机保护功能，有利于提高波浪能发电装置在各种工况下的稳定性，提高波浪能发电装置在各种工况下的生存能力。海况回复平稳后，注、排水单元排出压水舱8内的水，浮舱3再次浮上水面、保持正常工作。
第五、浮舱3的纵截面呈横向设置的长椭圆形或梭形，由于长椭圆形或梭形的表面呈光滑的弧形，能够减小海水流经浮舱表面时所受的阻力，进而加快波浪的通过速度，有助于提高势能的收集效果。
第六，波浪能发电装置同时设有势能收集组件和动能收集组件，这样，采集波浪势能的同时也采集波浪的动能，与现有技术中单独收集波浪势能或动能相比，有利于提高波浪能量的收集效率。
第七，当能量收集单元检修时，托举油泵51工作，控制液压缸5伸长，托举浮舱3升高到水面以上，便于对浮舱3的维护保养。
第八，各连杆(例如，连杆61、平衡连杆62)采用弹性连杆设计，避免了波浪能发电装置受到瞬间大浪冲击时导致的断裂情况，提高了整体结构的适应性和稳定性。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
例如，在上述实施例中，根据波浪仪反馈的信息通过控制单元或波浪仪所发出的控制指令来对导流舵4和压水舱8进行控制，然而并非局限于此，导流舵4和压水舱8的控制方式还可为：人为主动控制和被动液压系统过载保护控制。
又例如，在上述实施例中，偏转执行机构为转轴，导流舵4经由该转轴与浮舱3形成转动连接；然而并非局限于此，偏转执行机构还可为设置在浮舱3前端的弧形滑轨，相应地，在导流舵4上设置与该 弧形滑轨相配套的连接支点(例如，凸起)，导流舵4通过该连接支点与弧形导轨相配合与浮舱3形成滑动连接，使导流舵沿弧形滑轨运行，从而调整导流舵4相对于浮舱主体的偏转角度。
又例如，在上述实施例中，压水舱8设置在浮舱3内，然而并非局限于此，压水舱8还可设置在浮舱3的外部，只要保证压水舱8与浮舱3连接即可。
又例如，在上述实施例中，压水舱8靠近浮舱3的中后部设置，然而并非局限于此，该压水舱8还可靠近浮舱3的重心位置设置。
又例如，在上述实施例中，动能转化组件(例如，液压泵)与垂直轴叶轮7直接或间接连接，若垂直轴叶轮7为小功率机组，则将垂直轴叶轮7的轴直接连接在液压泵轴上，反之，还需一套传动变速组件，该传动变速组件可以是齿轮箱传动组件、链条或其他传动组件，以此类推现有传动形式均包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
又例如，波浪能发电装置的整体结构并非局限于图1～图7所示，图8还提出了另一种波浪能发电装置的整体结构，为第二实施例，如图8所示，在同一套波浪能收集单元1的液压缸5与一个桩6之间设有连接两者的第一辅助固定杆63，该第一辅助固定杆63的一端与桩6(例如，连杆61、平衡连杆62与桩6的连接处)固定连接或铰接，其另一端与液压缸5的在海底的固定处(即液压缸5的底端)固定连接或铰接；在其中一套波浪能收集单元的液压缸5与相邻波浪能收集单元1的一个桩6之间设有连接两者的第二辅助固定杆64，该的一端与其中一套波浪能收集单元的液压缸5的在海底的固定处(即液压缸5的底端)固定连接或铰接，其另一端与相邻波浪能收集单元1的一个桩6(例如，连杆61、平衡连杆62与桩6的连接处)固定第二辅助固定杆64连接或铰接。其中，第一辅助固定杆63和第二辅助固定杆64均可由普通连杆或弹性连杆构成，优选由弹性连杆构成。特别地，第一辅助固定杆63、第二辅助固定杆64是对桩6增加固定性的功能，但并非局限于此，其它设置对桩6的加固方式均包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
又例如，附图只是阐述结构关系，并非限定比例关系，在上述说明中，虽然对桩6的具体构成未做限定，但桩6的具体构成以满足单独桩6或桩6配合第一辅助连杆63、第二辅助连杆64能足以支撑整套系统的水平稳定结构为准；虽然对连杆61、平衡连杆62的强度未做具体限定，但连杆61、平衡连杆62的强度以能满足各部件工作时的结构稳定性为准，并且，上述描述中各部件的尺寸不受限于附图的比例关系。
又例如，注排水单元中的压缩空气装置，其作用是为高压储气罐提供压缩空气，依据实际海况、如高压储气罐的使用频率不高可选择在检修时人工给高压储气罐充气，因此压缩空气装置非必配装置。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种波浪能发电装置，包括多套波浪能收集单元(1)，其特征在于，单套波浪能收集单元(1)包括：
    能量收集组件，用以收集波浪能，包括用以收集波浪势能的势能收集组件和用以收集波浪动能的动能收集组件，其中，所述势能收集组件包括一浮舱(3)；
    定位组件，用以对所述浮舱(3)进行定位，包括对所述浮舱(3)进行限位的竖直限位组件。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，所述浮舱(3)是纵截面呈横向设置的长椭圆形或梭形的壳体。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，在所述浮舱(3)的前端铰接或转动连接有导流舵(4)，在所述浮舱(3)内设有用以根据所接收的控制指令来驱动该导流舵(4)相对于所述浮舱主体进行偏移的导流舵驱动单元(41)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，还包括一波浪仪，所述导流舵驱动单元(41)与该波浪仪通信连接，所述导流舵驱动单元(41)根据所述波浪仪所发出的控制指令来控制所述导流舵(4)相对于所述浮舱(3)的转动幅度。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，在所述导流舵(4)的远离所述浮舱(3)的一端形成有尖端部或楔形部。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，还包括与所述浮舱(3)相连接、用以通过改变注水量来调节所述浮舱(3)相对于海平面的上下浮动程度的压水舱(8)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，所述压水舱(8)设置在所述浮舱(3)内。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，所述压水舱(8)的容积与所述浮舱(3)的容积按照特定比例设置，该特定比例满足所述压水舱(8)注满水后使所述浮舱(3)的总重量大于或 等于所述浮舱(3)整体所受的浮力、所述压水舱(8)排空水后使所述浮舱(3)的总重量小于所述浮舱(3)整体所受的浮力。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，所述压水舱(8)靠近所述浮舱(3)的重心位置或中后部设置。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，所述动能收集组件包括一垂直轴叶轮(7)，并该垂直轴叶轮(7)以其转轴与波浪的涌动方向相垂直的方式安装在所述浮舱(3)后端。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，在所述浮舱(3)的下表面设有朝上凹进的凹部(31)，所述垂直轴叶轮(7)安装在该凹部(31)处。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，在所述浮舱(3)内收装有与所述垂直轴叶轮(7)传动连接、用以将波浪的动能转化成液压能的动能转化组件。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，所述势能收集组件还包括至少一个竖直设置的液压缸(5)，该液压缸(5)的两端分别与海底和所述浮舱(3)铰接，
    所述液压缸(5)还能对所述浮舱(3)起到竖直限位功能，构成所述竖直限位组件。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，在所述浮舱(3)内设有与所述液压缸(5)配套设置、用于控制所述液压缸伸长以托举所述浮舱使其离开水面的液压系统(51)。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，所述定位组件还包括对所述浮舱(3)进行水平定位的水平定位组件。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，所述水平定位组件包括竖直固定在海底的至少一个桩(6)，所述浮舱(3)通过连接件与这至少一个桩(6)连接。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，在单个所述桩(6)与所述浮舱(3)之间设有至少一个连杆(61)，并且所述连杆(61)的两端分别与所述桩(6)和浮舱(3)转动连接或铰 接，由所述至少一个连杆(61)构成所述连接件。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个连杆(61)为两个，这两个连杆(61)的前端在所述浮舱(3)上间隔设置，它们的后端在所述桩(6)上聚集在一起。
  19. 根据权利要求16所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，在相邻两个所述桩(6)之间设有连接两者的平衡连杆(62)。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，所述连接件和/或平衡连杆(62)由弹性连杆构成。
  21. 根据权利要求16所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，在同一套所述波浪能收集单元(1)的所述竖直限位组件与所述至少一个桩(6)之间设有连接两者的第一辅助固定杆(63)。
  22. 根据权利要求16所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，在其中一套所述波浪能收集单元(1)的所述竖直限位组件与相邻所述波浪能收集单元(1)的所述至少一个桩(6)之间设有连接两者的第二辅助固定杆(64)。
  23. 根据权利要求16所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，在所述至少一个桩(6)的位于海平面以下的部分安装有洋流采集单元，在所述至少一个桩(6)的位于海平面以上的部分上安装有风能采集单元和太阳能采集单元中至少一种。
  24. 根据权利要求1所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，在所述浮舱(3)内还设有蓄能器(9)、散热器(10)、高压储气罐中至少一种。
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EP3351788A4 (en) 2019-03-20

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