CA2592896A1

CA2592896A1 - Wave motion energy conversion apparatus and method of manufacturing same

Info

Publication number: CA2592896A1
Application number: CA002592896A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Mogens S. Jessen
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2007-06-19
Filing date: 2007-06-19
Publication date: 2008-12-19

Abstract

An apparatus for converting energy in the motion of a wave for a body of water to pressurize fluid useable to drive a generator includes a support having a longitudinal axis; a wave capturing member defining a wave capturing surface, the wave capturing member being connectable to the support at a first connection point of the support and operable to be actuated by the motion of the wave; and a fluid pump operable to be driven by actuation of the wave capturing member. A method of converting energy in the motion of a wave for a body of water to pressurize fluid useable to drive a generator involves actuating a wave capturing member by the motion of the wave; and driving, by the wave capturing member, a fluid pump operable to pressurize the fluid.

Description

WAVE MOTION ENERGY CONVERSION APPARATUS AND METHOD OF
MANUFACTURING SAME

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to the field of energy conversion and, in particular, to an apparatus and method for converting energy in the motion of a wave for a body of water to pressurize fluid useable to drive a generator.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The energy in the wave motion of water waves in seas, oceans and other bodies of water has been used to generate electricity.
Some schemes for doing so have involved the use of a generally spherically shaped float that moves up and down on the surface of the body of water in response to its wave motion. The float is attached to a generator that generates electricity from the buoyant vertical movement of the float.
However, such float systems cannot capture the force of the wave motion apart from such buoyant vertical movement.
Accordingly, a need exists for capturing the force of wave motion for a body of water. Other objects of the invention will be apparent from the description that follows and accompanying drawings.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The above shortcomings may be addressed by providing, in accordance with one aspect of the invention, an apparatus for converting energy in the motion of a wave for a body of water to pressurize fluid useable to drive a generator. The apparatus includes a support having a longitudinal axis; a wave capturing member defining a wave capturing surface, the wave capturing member being connectable to the support at a first connection point of the support and operable to be actuated by the motion of the wave; and a fluid pump operable to be driven by actuation of the wave capturing member.
The first connection point may be adjustable along the longitudinal axis of the support. The wave capturing member may be operable to move substantially arcuately relative to the longitudinal axis of the support. The wave capturing member may be operable to rotate about the longitudinal axis of the support.
The wave capturing member may include first and second substantially planar sections disposed at an obtuse angle relative to each other and forming an inward side defining the wave capturing surface of the wave capturing member.
The wave capturing member may include a pair of side walls attached at opposing sides of the wave capturing member, thereby defining a wave capturing volume of the wave capturing member. The wave capturing member may include a transport support projecting from the wave capturing member, the transport support being dimensioned to facilitate transport and installation of the wave capturing member. The fluid pump may include a first fluid pump end and a second fluid pump end opposite the first fluid pump end, the fluid pump being connected at the first fluid pump end to the wave capturing member and being connected at the second fluid pump end to the support. The apparatus may include a plurality of frame members having respective opposing ends connected to the wave capturing member. The fluid pump may include a piston slidably coupled within a cylinder having a first cylinder end and a second cylinder end opposite the first cylinder end. The fluid pump further may include an air passage for permitting air flow into and out of the cylinder at the first cylinder end, a fluid inlet valve and a fluid outlet valve, the fluid inlet valve and the fluid outlet valve being disposed at the second cylinder end, the piston being operable to cause a fluid to flow into the cylinder through the fluid inlet valve and out of the cylinder through the fluid outlet valve. Each of the fluid inlet valve and the fluid outlet valve may include a one-way valve, and the fluid may include water of the body of water. The cylinder may be hingedly connected at the first cylinder end to the wave capturing member and wherein a wave capturing surface angle of the wave capturing member is adjustable relative to the support. The apparatus may include a plurality of piston rings disposed about the piston, the piston having one or more piston ring grooves for receiving the plurality of piston rings, the piston being dimensioned to receive a lubricant between at least one pair of adjacent the piston rings. The fluid pump may include a piston rod attached to the piston, the piston rod extending from the piston through the second cylinder end. The piston rod may be moveably connected to the support, thereby permitting the wave capturing member to move substantially arcuately relative to the support. The support may be substantially elongated along a direction of elongation defining the longitudinal axis. The support may be fixed to a floor beneath the body of water and extends longitudinally therefrom. The support may include a first connection bracket rotatably connected about the support, the first connection bracket comprising a first pair of substantially parallel, spaced apart connection plates projecting substantially transversely from the support, the first pair of connection plates having substantially aligned apertures for receiving a first connection pin. The first connection bracket may be slidably attached to the support at the first connection point such that the first connection bracket is adjustable along the longitudinal axis. The apparatus may include one or more spars having opposing first and second spar ends, respectively, the spars being attached at the first spar ends to the wave capturing member and having at one or more of the second spar ends one or more spar apertures forming a venturi-shaped channel therethrough for receiving the first connection pin to form a first connection between the spars and the first pair of connection plates, the apparatus further comprising a first seal for sealing the first connection.
The support may include a second connection bracket rotatably connected about the support between upper and lower bracket collars, the second connection bracket comprising a second pair of substantially parallel, spaced apart connection plates projecting substantially transversely from the support, the second pair of connection plates having substantially aligned apertures for receiving a second connection pin. The fluid pump may have a venturi-shaped aperture therethrough for receiving the second connection pin to form a second connection between the fluid pump and the second pair of connection plates, the apparatus further including a second seal for sealing the second connection.
The support may include a fluid storage tank disposed within the support and a fluid inlet for receiving pressurized fluid from the fluid pump, the fluid storage tank including a fluid outlet for supplying the pressurized fluid. The apparatus may include one or more fluid conduits providing fluid communication between the fluid pump and the fluid inlet, and an overpressure release valve in fluid communication with the fluid storage tank. The apparatus may include a reel attached to the wave capturing member and a cable attached at a first cable end to the reel, the cable passing through the wave capturing member and being attached at a second cable end opposite the first cable end to the support, the reel being operatively coupled to the fluid pump, the fluid pump being a hydraulic pump operable to pressurize the fluid.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided an apparatus for converting energy in the motion of a wave for a body of water to pressurize fluid useable to drive a generator. The apparatus includes: wave capturing means for capturing the motion of the wave; support means for supporting the wave capturing means such that the wave capturing means is operable to be actuated by the motion of the wave; and pump means for pressurizing the fluid, the pump means being operable to be driven by actuation of the wave capturing means.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of converting energy in the motion of a wave for a body of water to pressurize fluid useable to drive a generator. The method involves: actuating a wave capturing member by the motion of the wave; and driving, by the wave capturing member, a fluid pump operable to pressurize the fluid.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of securing a cylinder sleeve to a cylinder having one or more apertures.
The method involves: inserting the cylinder sleeve within the cylinder such that a gap is formed between the cylinder sleeve and the cylinder; injecting into the gap through one of the one or more apertures a resin operable to adhere the cylinder sleeve to the cylinder when disposed in the gap; and plugging the one aperture.

The method may involve injecting the resin into the gap through successive apertures of the one or more apertures and successively plugging the successive apertures.
Other aspects of the invention will be appreciated by reference to the detailed description of the embodiments, and to the claims that follow thereafter, in conjunction with the accompanying figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the invention will be described by reference to the drawings thereof in which:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an apparatus for converting energy in the motion of a wave for a body of water to pressurize fluid useable to drive a generator in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the underneath of a wave capturing float of the apparatus shown in Figure 1, showing a bracket joint;
Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the bracket joint shown in Figure 2, showing a venturi shaped channel;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view of a bracket of the apparatus shown in Figure 1, showing a venturi shaped channel;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view of a variation of the bracket shown in Figure 4, showing a limiter;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view of a bracket of the apparatus shown in Figure 1, showing a rotational limiter;

Fig. 7 is a sectional view of a variation of the bracket shown in Figure 6, showing a lubricant boot;

Fig. 8 is a sectional view of a bracket shown in Figure 1, showing a sleeve gap between a plate sleeve and a collar sleeve;

Fig. 9 is a sectional view of a one-way valve of the apparatus shown in Figure 1, showing the one-way valve in the open position;
Fig. 10 is a sectional view of connecting rod and manifold of the apparatus shown in Figure 1, showing a bearing;

Fig. 11 is a sectional view of a cylinder and a cylinder lining of the apparatus shown in Figure 1, showing a plurality of cylinder apertures and a plug;

Fig. 12 is a flow diagram of a method of a method of securing the cylinder lining to the cylinder shown in Figure 11;
Fig. 13 is a perspective view of an apparatus for converting energy in the motion of a wave for a body of water to pressurize fluid useable to drive a generator in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 14 is a perspective view of the apparatus shown in Figure 13, showing a plurality of support poles and wave capturing floats;

Fig. 15 is a perspective view of an apparatus for converting energy in the motion of a wave for a body of water to pressurize fluid useable to drive a generator in accordance with a third embodiment of the invention; and Fig. 16 is a front view of a roller module of the apparatus shown in Figure 15.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

An apparatus for converting energy in the motion of a wave for a body of water to pressurize fluid useable to drive a generator includes: wave capturing means for capturing the motion of the wave; support means for supporting said wave capturing means such that said wave capturing means is operable to be actuated by the motion of the wave; and pump means for pressurizing the fluid, said pump means being operable to be driven by actuation of said wave capturing means.
Referring to Figure 1, the apparatus in accordance with a first and preferred embodiment of the invention is shown generally at 10. The apparatus 10 functions to convert energy in the motion of a wave of a body of water to pressurize fluid useable to drive a generator (not shown in Figure 1), operate desalination equipment or useable for other purposes.
In the first embodiment shown in Figure 1, the fluid being pressurized is water of the body of water. In some embodiments, however, the fluid is a hydraulic fluid such as air, water, oil, oil-based fluid, biodegradable hydraulic fluid, other suitable fluids or combinations thereof.
The apparatus 10 includes a support such as the support pole 12 shown in Figure 1. The support pole 12 is elongated along a vertically longitudinal axis and is anchored or otherwise fixed to the floor of the body of water by a plafform 14. The support pole 12 may have a substantially hollow interior. In some embodiments, the platform 14, a lower portion of the support pole 12, or both the platform 14 and the lower portion of the support pole 12 is inserted into the floor of the body of water and stabilizing rods or other projections (not shown) extend transversely from the apparatus 10 beneath the floor of the body of water.
Preferably, the top of the support pole 12 is located above the surface of the body of water. Figure 1 shows a support tower 15 attached to the top of the support pole 12 by a tripod arrangement of legs, although other arrangements are possible. The support tower 15 advantageously permits the use of a safety light, such as an electric powered light for assisting navigation and to alert boat and ship operators of the presence of the apparatus 10. The support tower 15 also advantageously facilitates installation, maintenance and repair of the apparatus 10. A wind powered generator (not shown) may also be installed on the support tower 15 for generating additional electricity. Further features of the support tower 15 are described herein below.
The apparatus 10 includes a wave capturing float 16, which is attached to the support pole 12 in a manner that permits the wave capturing float 16 to move relative to the support pole 12. In the preferred embodiment, the wave capturing float 16 is shaped for capturing the force of a wave, such as the exemplary wave 18 whose outline is shown in Figure 1, along a wave capturing surface of the wave capturing member.
The wave capturing float 16 includes in the first embodiment a top sheet 20 and an end sheet 22, which are angled relative to each other at an obtuse angle, thereby giving the wave capturing float 16 a concave shape for capturing the force of the wave 18. A concave shape advantageously permits the wave capturing float 16 to move in response to the force of the wave 18 motion in addition to or instead of merely in response to changes in water height.
Side walls 24 are attached to the top sheet 20 and the end sheet 22. In the first embodiment, at least a portion of each side wall 24 defines a substantially triangular shape along a lower edge thereof and the edges of the top sheet 20 and the end sheet 22 attached to the side walls 24. In some embodiments, the side walls extend above the top sheet 20 (not shown).
However, as shown in Figure 1, the side walls 24 can extend below the triangular shaped portion in an downwardly outward direction to form a scoop, thereby defining or increasing a wave capturing volume of the wave capturing float 16 and enhancing its wave capturing effect.
In some embodiments, the end sheet 22 extends past the portions of opposing edges of the end sheet 22 attached to the side walls 24. This extending portion of the end sheet 22 may be implemented by a separate sheet of the wave capturing float 16 and may be removably attachable to the end sheet 24, for example. Figure 1 shows the extending portion integrally formed with the remainder of the end sheet 22. The extending shape of the wave capturing float 16 advantageously increases the wave capturing volume of the of the wave capturing float 16, thereby enhancing its wave capturing effect. The extending shape also advantageously facilitates the descent of the wave capturing float in response to returning wave motion after the wave 18 has passed.
While in the first embodiment of the invention the wave capturing float 16 includes substantially planar sections or sheets, some embodiments of the invention includes substantially curved or arcuate sections, for example.
Other shapes and arrangements of shaped components which provide a wave capturing surface are within the scope of the present invention. For example, an alternative wave capturing float 16 may be made by using a pipe or cylindrically shaped object (not shown) having a rounded cross-section, a pipe or cylindrically shaped object (not shown) having an oval cross-section, or a pipe or cylindrically shaped object (not shown) having a rounded cross-section which is pressed into an oval cross-section. The ends of the object, if open, are enclosed to form a closed flotation structure (not shown). The apparatus 10 advantageously permits arcuate movement of the structure within the apparatus 10.
The wave capturing float 16 preferably includes a transport support 26 for facilitating lifting, maneuvering, or other manipulations of the apparatus 10 and the wave capturing float 16. The transport support 26 may be suitably used to facilitate in situ installation of the wave capturing float 16 and the apparatus 10, replacement of the wave capturing float 16, maintenance of the apparatus 10, repair of the apparatus 10 and combinations thereof, for example.

Cable supports 27 are shown in Figure 1 at two corners of the top sheet 20.
The wave capturing float 16 is attached by spars, such as angled beams 28 and beam 30, to the support pole 12 at a first connection point such as the upper connection 32 shown in Figure 1. The wave capturing float 16 is also attached in the first embodiment to the support pole 12 at a lower connection thereof.
The apparatus 10 may also include a reinforcement beam 34 extending, between lower and upper ends thereof, substantially perpendicularly to the beam 30. Reinforcement cables 35 are attached between the lower and upper ends of the reinforcement beam 34 and the wave capturing float 16, including being attached to the wave capturing float 16 at top and bottom points distal from the upper connection 32. Additionally or altematively, reinforcement cables 35 are attached between the lower and upper ends of the reinforcement beam 34 and points of the apparatus 10 near the upper connection 32, including possibly being attached to top and bottom sides of the beam 30.
The upper connection 32 and the lower connection 33 each include a bracket 36.
The upper bracket 36 at the upper connection 32 is disposed around a slider 37, which in turn is disposed around the support pole 12. The apparatus 10 may also include bearings, bushings or similar components (not shown) to facilitate movement of the upper bracket 36 relative to the support pole 12.
The slider 37 may be removably attachable to advantageously facilitate maintenance and repair of the apparatus 10. The slider 37 may be made of any corrosion resistant material such as nylon or teflon, for example, and preferably provides a low friction sliding surface. In some embodiments, the slider 37 comprises elongated strips of material (not shown) oriented along the vertical axis of the support pole 12.
The lower bracket 36 at the lower connection 33 is disposed around the support pole 12 between an upper collar 38 and a lower collar 39. In some embodiments, the upper collar 38 is not used and the lower bracket 36 rests on the lower collar 39 only. In some embodiments, a lower slider (not shown) is disposed around the support pole 12 at the lower connection 33, and may be made of the same, similar or different material from that of the slider 37.
Other components, such as bearings, bushings, elongated strips of material or similar components (not shown) may be included in some embodiments to facilitate movement of the lower bracket 36 relative to the collars 38 and 39. Such other components may be removably attachable to advantageously facilitate maintenance and repair of the apparatus 10.
Each bracket 36 can rotate about the vertical axis of the support pole 12, which permits the wave capturing float 16 to transversely rotate about the support pole 12. The ability of the brackets 36 to freely rotate about the vertical axis advantageously permits waves 18 to push the wave capturing float 16 to an optimal angle at which the waves 18 strike the wave capturing member head-on.
The degree to which the wave capturing float 16 is permitted to transversely rotate may be limited, including being limited by cables, rope or similar materials (not shown in Figure 1) connected between the wave capturing float 16, such as at the cable supports 27, and the support pole 12 or other components of the apparatus or the floor of the body of water, for example. In some embodiments, for ease of manufacturing or assembly, each bracket 36, upper collar 38 and/or lower collar 39 is formed from two separable halves attachable to each other around the support pole 12. However, it is within the scope of the invention to include in an embodiment thereof a unitary bracket 36, a unitary upper collar and/or a unitary lower collar 39.
In the first embodiment, the apparatus 10 is operable to adjust the vertical height of the upper bracket 36 along the support pole 12, thereby adjusting the height of the wave capturing float 16. In this manner, the height of the wave capturing float 16 relative to the surface of the body of water can advantageously be adjusted to optimize the wave capturing properties of the wave capturing float 16, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the apparatus 10. Additionally or alternatively, the height of the wave capturing float 16 can be adjusted to reduce the effect of energy in the wave motion, such as during a storm or other period of large wave activity, thereby maintaining fluid pressure of the apparatus 10 within a safety limit. Adjusting the height of the wave capturing float 16 may also advantageously adjust the angle and/or force at which the wave capturing member is struck by the wave 18.
For the purpose of height adjustment, the apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment includes one or more height adjustment cables 41 attached between the upper bracket 36 and a winch 41. The winch 41 is operable to upwardly retract the height adjustment cables 41, thereby raising the upper bracket 36 relative to the slider 37 and the support pole 12. The winch 41 is also operable to release a length of the attachment cables 41, thereby permitting the upper bracket 36 to slide downwards along the slider 37. The height adjustment cables 41 are preferably attached to the upper bracket 36 at more than one attachment point, as shown in Figure 1, thereby advantageously minimizing sliding friction and the possibility of jamming during height adjustment. The apparatus 10 may also include one or more pulleys (not shown) operatively connected between the winch 41 and the upper bracket 36. The winch 41 may be electrically actuated, mechanically actuated, hydraulically actuated, actuated by other suitable actuation techniques and combinations thereof, for example.
Preferably, the winch 41 is operable to rotate about the longitudinal axis of the support pole 12, thereby advantageously permitting the winch 41 to remain in substantial alignment with the upper bracket 36. For example, the winch 41 may be rotatably attached to the hub 42. In some embodiments, the winch 41 is attached to a boom (not shown) rotatably attached to the hub 42.
The height adjustment cables 41 may be controlled for optimal performance of the apparatus 10 in varying environmental conditions. For example, a control system may be suitably operated to raise the height of the upper bracket 36, thereby raising the wave capturing float 16, to optimally capture large or steep waves 18 and suitably operated to lower the height of the upper bracket 36, thereby arcuately lowering the wave capturing float 16, to increase the contact area of the wave capturing surface when only small waves are present. Such control system may include an automated or computerized controller as may be known in the art, for example. The control system may include a flow meter for measuring the flow rate of pressurized fluid produced by the apparatus 10, such that the flow rate can be optimized, for example.
Still referring to Figure 1, a fluid pump is attached at one end to the wave capturing float 16 and at its other end to the support pole 12, such as at the lower connection 33. In the first embodiment, the fluid pump is implemented by a cylinder 44 housing a piston 46, which is slidably coupled within the cylinder 44.
The cylinder 44 preferably includes a cylinder lining 45 for facilitating sliding of the piston 46 within the cylinder 44. The cylinder lining 45 may be manufactured and installed within the cylinder 44 by any suitable methods, including the methods described herein further below. The cylinder lining 45 may be made of any non-corrosive material, including plastic such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic. In some embodiments, the cylinder lining 45 is made of metal and is coated, such as being chrome plated, to minimize the possibility of corrosion.
In some embodiments, the cylinder 44 is coated with a coating such as chrome, teflon, carbon fiber or other non-corrosive coating materials.
The piston 46 preferably includes one or more piston grooves containing piston rings 48 for minimizing sliding friction between the piston 46 and the cylinder 44 at the cylinder lining 45. The piston 46 is preferably dimensioned for receiving lubricant between pairs of substantially parallel piston rings 48 in a gap between the piston 46 and the cylinder lining 45. Such lubricant may be grease, for example. The piston 46 may also include in some embodiments one or more circumferential piston recesses (not shown) between pairs of piston rings 48 for receiving an additional volume of lubricant. The piston rings 48 can be installed in the piston grooves in an offset configuration such that the location of any expansion gaps in the piston rings 48 are not aligned, thereby advantageously enhancing the effectiveness of the piston rings 48 to prevent any lubricant from passing the piston rings 48.
The piston 46 shown in Figure 1 includes a piston skirt 50, which may have skirt apertures (visible in Figure 1) for facilitating the movement of lubricant along and near the cylinder 44 wall.

In the first embodiment, a piston rod such as the connecting rod 52 is threadedly attached to the piston 46 by a threaded nut (not shown).
Additionally or alternatively, a seal (not visible in Figure 1) is in some embodiments disposed at one or more attachment points of the piston 46 and connecting rod 52. The connecting rod 52 extends from the piston 46 and passes through a sealed end 54 of the cylinder 44. The connecting rod 52 extends to the lower connection where is it hingedly attached to the lower bracket 36. The hinged connection of the connecting rod 52 to the support pole 12 advantageously permits arcuate movement of the wave capturing float 16 relative to the support pole 12.
In some embodiments, the apparatus 10 includes a plurality (not shown) of substantially parallel, spaced apart fluid pumps operating in parallel with a single support pole 12. In such embodiments, the plurality of fluid pumps may be implemented as substantially parallel, spaced apart cylinders 44 and associated connecting rods 52 attached between the wave capturing float 16 and the lower connection 33. The plurality of fluid pumps are preferably offset to each other such that each connecting rod 52 is substantially aligned along its own axis extending between the longitudinal axis of the support pole 12 and an attachment point on the wave capturing float 16. The plurality of fluid pumps can be offset, relative to each other, longitudinally and circumferentially with respect to the support pole 12, for example.
The cylinder 44 includes a manifold 55 having one or more fluid inlet passageways 56 which provide fluid communication between a fluid inlet 58 and the interior of the cylinder 44 between the piston 46 and the sealed end 54.
In the first embodiment, the fluid inlet 58 is operable to accept, as fluid, water from the body of water and directs such water into the cylinder 44 via the fluid inlet passageways 56. The fluid inlet 58 can include a screen (not visible in Figure 1) to advantageously permit the entry of fluid absent debris or fish that may be present in the body of water.
The manifold 55 also includes one or more fluid outlet passageways 60 which provide fluid communication between a fluid outlet 62 and the interior of the cylinder 44 between the piston 46 and the sealed end 54. In the first embodiment, the fluid outlet 62 directs fluid exiting from the cylinder 44 to a fluid communication pathway such as the conduit 64 shown in Figure 1.
In the first embodiment, the fluid inlet 58 and the fluid outlet 62 are removably attachable to the apparatus 10 to advantageously facilitate installation and replacement of the fluid inlet 58 and the fluid outlet 62 and components thereof. However, in some embodiments, either or both of the fluid inlet 58 and the fluid outlet 62 are integrally attached to the cylinder 44 at the sealed end 54, for example. Other locations and attachments techniques are within the scope of the present invention.
The various portions of the conduit 64 can be made from rigid materials such as rigid tubing, flexible materials such as flexible tubing or hose materials, or combinations thereof, for example.
In some embodiments, one or more overpressure valves 66 are located along the conduit 64 to permit a release of fluid should pressure in the conduit 64 become excessive. Excessive fluid pressure may occur during a storm or other large wave activity, for example.
Figure 1 shows the conduit 64 extending from the fluid outlet 62 alongside the cylinder 44 to one overpressure valve 66. A preferably flexible section of the conduit 64 extends from the cylinder 44 past the overpressure valve 66 to the beam 30. A preferably rigid section of the conduit 64, shown in Figure 1 as tube 67, extends along the beam 30 towards the support pole 12. The conduit 64 preferably includes two flexible sections thereof extending from the beam 30 to opposing ends of a pair of rigid sections forming conduit 64 crossbars. The conduit 64 crossbar sections place are in fluid communication with a tank inlet 68. The tank inlet 68 directs fluid from the conduit 64 into a tank 70 located within the support pole 12, thereby providing fluid communication between the fluid pump and at least one component of the support pole 12.
The fluid in the tank 70 exits the tank via the tank outlet 72 and is directed towards a generator 73 for the generation of electricity, for example. A
control valve (not shown in Figure 1) may be suitably used to control fluid flow from the tank outlet 72 to the generator 73. Such control valve may be manually operated, or operated via automated control, for example. A tank overpressure outlet 74 includes an overpressure valve which permits the release of fluid from the tank 70 should pressure in the tank 70 become excessive.
In some embodiments, the tank 70 is operable to receive pressurized air via an air inlet (not shown). Injecting pressurized air into the tank 70 advantageously permits fluid to flow through the tank outlet 72 in response to a desired pressure.
In the first embodiment shown in Figure 1, the cylinder 44 includes an air passageway 76 to permit air to freely flow in and out of the interior of the cylinder 44 between the piston 46 and the end of the end of the cylinder 44 opposite the sealed end 54. The air passageway 76 is preferably routed from the cylinder 44 to an air outlet 78 located above the top sheet 20 of the wave capturing float 16.
Additionally or alternatively, the air passageway 76 can be routed to any point above the surface of the body of water, for example. The air passageway 76 may advantageously be used to remove contaminants such as fluid, including water, oil, lubricant, or other substances which may accumulate in the interior of the cylinder 44 above the piston 46. Such contaminants may be removed by vacuum suction, such by vacuum suction through tubing which may be nylon tubing, for example. The air passageway 76 may include screens or other filtering devices to prevent the entry of contaminants into the cylinder 44.
As shown in Figure 1, slack lengths of the conduit 64 and the air passageway 76 are preferably provided to permit movement of the wave capturing float 16 without reaching a length limitation or over-stretching of the conduit 64 or the air passageway 76.
In some embodiments, such as embodiments in which the fluid is not water from the body of water, a return conduit (not shown in Figure 1) is operable to transfer fluid from the generator 73 back to the fluid inlet 58. In such embodiments, the fluid inlet 58 is not in fluid communication with the body of water, but rather with an output (not visible in Figure 1) of the generator 73.
Preferably, a substantial portion of the route of the return conduit is alongside the conduit 64. Also, the overpressure valves 66 and the tank overpressure outlet do not release fluid into the body of water, but rather act as bypass valves and conduits bypassing the generator 73 to return fluid to the fluid inlet 58.
Still referring to Figure 1, the first embodiment includes a cylinder support such as the spring 80 attached between the cylinder 44 and the support pole 12.
Preferably, the cylinder support provides resilient support for the cylinder 44 such that the cylinder 44 is permitted to move, including swinging arcuately, relative to the support pole 12 within a limited range. The spring 80 advantageously reduces wear on other moving components of the apparatus 10 such as end bearings. In some embodiments, the spring 80 is slidably attached to the support pole 12, including possibly being attached to the upper connection 32, such that the height of the cylinder support is adjustable.
In the first embodiment, one or more support legs 82 attached to the support pole 12 provide additional support to maintain the support pole 12 in its vertical position. The support legs 82 typically extend from the support pole 12 at a downward slope toward the floor of the body of water where the support legs 82 may be anchored. Although the support legs 82 are shown in Figure 1 as being attached at a particular point along the support pole 12, in general the support legs 82 may be attached at any point along the support pole 12, for example. Typically, the support legs 82 are not attached to the support pole at a location that would interfere with height adjustment of the upper bracket 36.
The lower ends of the one or more support legs 82 may be attached to the platform 14 at separated locations thereof (not shown) on a side of the support pole 12 opposite the wave capturing float 16, for example. Each support leg 82 may be made of a rigid material, such as a post, a flexible material such as a cable material, or combinations thereof.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the wave capturing float 16 is shaped to provide a wave capturing surface oriented for contact with the wave 18. The wave capturing surface or portions thereof may be curved or planar, for example.
In the first embodiment, the wave capturing surface is defined by the bottom sheet 84, only a portion of which is shown in Figure 2, and the bottom surface of the scoop (not shown in Figure 2) formed by the side walls 24. Thus, the wave capturing surface is concave and defines a wave capturing volume for capturing the force of the wave 18. Preferably, the bottom sheet 84 is substantially rectangular and extends between the four corners of the main portion of the wave capturing float 16 shown in Figure 2. The bottom sheet 84 itself may have a concave shape (not shown) to increase the wave capturing volume. In some embodiments, the bottom sheet 84 is not extensive or is not included and the wave capturing surface is predominantly defined by the bottom surfaces of the top sheet 20 and the end sheet 22 and the inward surface of the side walls 24.
In such embodiments, the wave capturing surface also has a concave shape for capturing the force of the wave 18.
Referring to Figure 2, the top sheet 20, end sheet 22 and side walls 24 of the wave capturing float 16 are supported by frame members such as the frame beams 86 and the upper frame beam 87, which advantageously enhance the ability of the wave capturing float 16 to withstand the force of the wave 18.
The frame beams 86 and the upper frame beam 87 preferably form the frame of the wave capturing float 16.
The bottom sheet 84 is preferably attached between the frame beams 86 and the beam 30, and preferably attached between the frame beams 86 and the angled beams 28. In some embodiments, however, the beam 30 and/or the angled beams 28 can be disposed between the top and bottom of the wave capturing float 16, such as being centrally disposed therebetween for example.
In various embodiments, the frame beams 86, upper frame beam 87, angled beams 28, beam 30 and similar components can be I-beams, J-beams, straight beams, similar structural components or combinations thereof, for example. The frame beams 86, upper frame beam 87, angled beams 28, beam and similar components can be attached by any suitable technique, including by welding, bolting, screwing, adhering or combinations thereof, for example.
Figure 2 shows the wave capturing float 16 hingedly connected to the upper end of the cylinder 44 via a joint such as the bracket joint 88. In some 30 embodiments, the bracket joint 88 may be a universal joint (not shown). In the first embodiment, however, the bracket joint 88 is a joint substantially similar in design to the bracket 36 shown in Figure 1. As shown in Figure 2, the bracket joint 88 is attached between the bottom sheet 84 and a cylinder flange 90 of the cylinder 44. The bracket joint 88 includes a bracket flange 91 attached to the cylinder flange 90. The hinged connection of the wave capturing float 16 to the cylinder 44 advantageously permits the wave capturing float 16 to move about in response to wave motion while retaining the ability to transfer energy in the wave motion to linear movement of the cylinder 44 relative to the piston 46 (Figure 1).
Still referring to Figure 2, the wave capturing float 16 includes in some embodiments a ballast 92 for adjusting buoyancy of the wave capturing float 16.
The ballast 92 may include a substance having a density greater than that of water to assist in weighing down the wave capturing float 16. Additionally or alternatively, the ballast 92 may include a substance having a density less than that of water to assist in increasing or maintaining buoyancy of the wave capturing float 16. The ballast may include materials such as concrete, metal, rock, sand, water, plastic, foam, enclosed air, other materials of a known density, and combinations thereof, for example. The ballast 92 may be implemented as a single block as shown in Figure 2. Additionally or alternatively, the ballast may be distributed within the wave capturing volume and may be attached along the wave capturing surface. One or more ballasts 92 may be be attached to the wave capturing float 16 at its center of buoyancy and/or along the extreme forward edge thereof distal from the support pole 12, for example. Adjusting the amount of ballast, in conjunction with height adjustments of the upper bracket 36, advantageously adjusts the angle at which the wave capturing surface is struck by the wave 18 and the surface area of the wave capturing surface making contact with the wave 18.
Referring to Figure 3, the bracket joint 88 includes connection plates such as the plates 94 (visible in Figures 1, 2 and 3). The plates 94 are located substantially parallel to each other and project from the bottom sheet 84. A
gap 96 between the plates 94 is traversed by a connection pin such as the bracket rod 98 shown in cross-section in Figure 3. In the first embodiment, the bracket rod 98 is attached at opposing ends thereof to corresponding plates 94 by bracket screws 100, although other attachment techniques may suitably be employed. The bracket screws 100 also fasten at each end of the bracket rod 98 a seal such as the o-ring seal 102 shown in Figure 3. The o-ring seal 102 may be made of non-corrosive materials, such as neoprene, plastic or rubber for example. In some embodiments, a key (not shown) is included to assist in preventing the bracket rod 98 from rotating relative to the plates 94 during operation of the apparatus 10.
The bracket rod 98 is received within an aperture 104 of the bracket flange 91 such that the wave capturing float 16 and the cylinder 44 can rotate relative to each other about a longitudinal axis defined by the length of the bracket rod 98.
In the first embodiment, the size of the aperture 104 is defined by a bushing 106 having a convex inner surface, thereby forming a venturi-shaped channel within the beam aperture 104. Such venturi-shaped aperture 104 advantageously permits the bracket flange 91 to move transversely relative to the bracket rod 98 and to rotate about an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bracket rod 98. Linings 108 of the bracket 88 provide a surface for limiting the angle of transverse rotation of the bracket flange 91. In some embodiments, the bushing 106 and the linings 108 may be removably attachable to permit replacement after wear, thereby advantageously providing ease of maintenance of the apparatus 10. The bushings 106 and the linings 108 can be made of a hard rubber, hard plastic, teflon or similar material, for example.
The bracket 88 includes a nipple 110 disposed at one end of the bracket rod 98. The nipple 110 is operable to receive a lubricant, such as grease, that can travel along the lubricant passage 112 disposed within the bracket rod 98 to the aperture 104. The aperture 104 and surrounding area thus can be filled with the lubricant to facilitate movement of the bracket flange 91 relative to the plates 94. The lubricant may advantageously increase the useable lifetime of the bracket flange 91, plates 94, bushings 106 and/or the linings 108. Lubricant is contained within the bracket 88 by a lubricant boot 114. The lubricant boot surrounds the portion of the bracket rod 98 disposed between the plates 94.
The lubricant boot 114 is preferably flexible in shape to accommodate movement of the bracket flange 91 relative to the plates 94, and may be resiliently shaped, including possibly being shaped as a spring or including a spring. By way of example as shown in Figure 3, the lubricant boot 114 may have a corrugated cross-section. The lubricant boot 114 can be made of non-corrosive flexible material such as plastic or rubber, for example.
Referring to Figure 4, the upper bracket 36 (also shown in Figure 1) in some embodiments includes plates 94, gap 96, bracket rod 98, bracket screws 100, o-ring seals 102, apertures 104, bushings 106, linings 108, nipples 110, lubricant passages 112 and lubricant boots 114 in a manner similar or analogous to that described above in respect of the bracket 88. The plates 94 project from the portion of the bracket 36 surrounding the support pole 12, thereby projecting from the support pole 12 substantially perpendicularly to the vertical axis of the support pole 12. The aperture 104 is formed within the beam 30 such that the beam 30, and hence the wave capturing float 16, can rotate about the longitudinal axis of the bracket rod 98, move transversely relative to the bracket rod 98 and rotate about an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bracket rod 98. Additionally or alternatively, the upper bracket 36 can include a key (not shown) to assist in preventing the bracket rod 98 from rotating relative to the plates 94 during operation of the apparatus 10.
The lower bracket 36 is formed in an analogous manner as the upper bracket 36. Thus, Figure 4 can be seen as illustrating a cross-section of the lower bracket 36 by replacing the beam 30 with the connecting rod 52 such that the connecting rod 52, and hence the cylinder 44, can rotate about the longitudinal axis of the bracket rod 98, move transversely relative to the bracket rod 98 and rotate about an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bracket rod 98.
Referring to Figure 5, a maximum angle of transverse rotation of the beam can also be achieved by attaching limiters 116 to either or both sides of the 30 beam 30 and along the beam 30 on either or on both opposing sides of the beam aperture 104. Figure 5 shows four limiters 116 located on both sides of the beam 30 and along the beam 30 on opposing sides of the beam aperture 104. The limiters 116 can be removably attached to the beam 30 or integrally formed with the beam 30, for example, and can be made of the same, similar or different material as the bushings 106, linings 108 or the beam 30. The limiters 116 can b solid blocks of material or have generally hollow interiors. Figure 5 can be seen as illustrating a cross-section of the lower bracket 36 by replacing the beam with the connecting rod 52.
In Figure 6, the beam 30 is shown in cross-section formed as an I-beam.
A rotational limiter 118 is attached to the beam 30 by fasteners (not shown) for limiting the rotation of the beam 30 about the axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bracket rod 98. The rotational limiter 118 includes a slot 120 shown in dotted lines in Figure 6. The rotational limiter 118 and its slot are dimensioned to permit the bracket rod 98 and the lubricant boot 114 to pass through the slot 120. As seen in Figure 6, the upper and lower edges of the slot 120 limit the perpendicular rotation of the beam 30. Preferably, two rotational limiters 118 are attached to opposing sides of the beam 30, as shown in Figure 6.
Figure 7 illustrates embodiments in which separate rotational limiters 118 are provided along the beam 30 on opposing sides of the beam aperture 104 (see Figure 5 for example) such that the rotational limiters 118 are not visible in cross-section at the bracket rod 98 due to the lubricant boot 114; embodiments in which a pair of rotational limiters is provided only provided on one side of the bracket rod 98 not visible in Figure 7; embodiments in which no rotational limiters 118 are included; and similar embodiments in which no rotational limiter 118 is visible in cross-section as shown in Figure 7.
In some embodiments, two opposing bushings 106 define the aperture 104 as shown in Figures 3 to 6. Altematively, only one bushing 106 on one side of the bracket rod 98 is included in some embodiments as shown in Figure 7.
Where only one bushing 106 is provided, that bushing 106 is preferably provided on the upper side of the bracket rod 98 where the action of gravity upon the apparatus 10 will force contact between the bushing 106 and the bracket rod 98.

Referring to Figure 8, each plate 94 of the lower bracket 36 is shown connected between the upper and lower collars 38 and 39, which in tum are attached to the support pole 12. The support pole 12 is attached to and extends below the platform 14. The plate 94 shown in Figure 8 is attached to, or alternatively can be integrally formed with, a plate sleeve 120 that surrounds the support pole 12. The plate sleeve 120 is rotatably coupled to a collar sleeve that connects the upper and lower collars 38 and 39. The collar sleeve 122 surrounds the support pole 12 and is disposed within the plate sleeve 120. The plate sleeve 120 and the collar sleeve 122 are separated by a sleeve gap 124.
A
sleeve nipple 126 is operable to receive a lubricant, such as grease, that can fill the sleeve gap 122. The lubricant is contained within the sleeve gap 124 by a seal such as the pair of o-rings 128. The o-rings 128 are held in place by an end cap 130 attached to the bracket 36 on opposing sides of the sleeve gap 124.
The lubricant advantageously facilitates rotation of the plate sleeve 120 relative to the collar sleeve 122. The lubricant may advantageously increase the useable lifetime of the lower bracket 36.
Referring to Figure 9, each of the fluid inlet 58 (Figure 1) and the fluid outlet 62 (Figure 1) preferably includes a one-way valve 132 for permitting fluid to flow in one direction only and inhibits fluid from flowing in the opposing direction.
In th first embodiment, the one-way valve 132 includes a housing 134 shown in cross-section in Figures 4 to 6. The housing 134 defines an entry 136 through which fluid may enter the one-way valve 132, an exit 138 through which fluid may exit, and one or more exit apertures 140 through which fluid may flow. A check ball 142 is moveable within the housing 134 between the entry 136 and the exit 138. In particular, the check ball 142 is operable to move between the entry and exit apertures 140 in response to fluid pressure. The check ball 142 may have any suitable shape, including spherical, quadrilateral or polygonal, for example.
The one-way valve 132 is in the open position when the check ball 142 is in a position away from the entry 136 and towards the exit 138. The check ball 142 may be maintained in the open position by fluid pressure causing fluid flow from the entry 136 to the exit 138 via the exit apertures 140, as shown in Figure 9. When the check ball 142 is away from the entry 136, fluid is permitted to flow from the exterior of the one-way valve 132 through the entry 136, past the check ball 142, through the exit apertures 140 and out through the exit 138. The one-way valve 132 is in the closed position (not shown) when the check ball 142 is in a position away from the exit 138 and towards the entry 136 such that fluid flow is not permitted to pass the check ball 142. The closed position prevents fluid from exiting the one-way valve 132 through the entry 136. The check ball 142 is typically maintained in the closed position by fluid pressure originating from the exit 138.
Referring back to Figure 1, the fluid inlet 58 and the fluid outlet 62 are preferably oriented such that gravity urges their respective one-way valves towards closed positions. Such orientation prevents fluid from entering the cylinder 44 through the fluid inlet valve 58 or exiting the cylinder 44 through the fluid outlet 62 absent sufficient pressure, typically caused by movement of the piston 46 relative to the cylinder 44, to open the one-way valve 132.
In some embodiments, one or both of the fluid inlet 58 and the fluid outlet 62 includes a valve positioner (not shown) to permit fluid to flow through the one-way valve 132 in both directions when the valve positioner is actuated. The valve positioner may include a plunger operable to contact the check ball 142 so as to maintain the check ball 142 in its open position, for example. The valve positioner may be actuated by hydraulic pressure supplied by a hydraulic line, electrically actuated, mechanically actuated, actuated by other suitable actuation techniques, or any combination thereof, for example. The valve positioner may be remotely operated and may be computer controlled, for example. The valve positioner may be suitably employed to permit fluid to flow out from the cylinder 44 via the fluid inlet 58 (Figure 1), thereby reducing the effectiveness of the apparatus 10 fluid pump. A reduced effectiveness may be desirable in circumstances such as storm conditions where fluid pressure at the fluid outlet 62 (Figure 1) may become excessive.

Referring to Figure 10, the connecting rod 52 is slidably coupled to the manifold 55 by a bearing 144. The bearing 144 surrounds the connecting rod 52 and is disposed within the manifold 55 adjacent an inner wall 146 of the manifold 55. The bearing 144 has at least one elongated recessed portion thereof forming a manifold gap 148 between the connecting rod 52 and the bearing 144. A
manifold nipple 150 is operable to receive a lubricant, such as grease, that can fill the manifold gap 148. The lubricant is contained within the manifold gap 148 by a seal such as the upper o-ring 152 and the lower o-ring 154. The upper and lower o-rings 152 and 154 can be held in place by any suitable technique or method which may be known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. In the first embodiment, the lower o-ring 154 provides the seal of the sealed end 54 of the cylinder 44. The lubricant advantageously facilitates sliding movement of the connecting rod 52 relative to the manifold 55. The lubricant may advantageously increase the useable lifetime of the manifold 55 and the connecting rod 52.
In some embodiments, the manifold 55 includes a second lubricant passage (not shown) in addition to the manifold nipple 150 lubricant passage shown in Figure 10 between the manifold nipple 150 and the manifold gap 148.
Such second lubricant passage may be disposed at an opposite end of the manifold gap 148 from the manifold nipple 150 lubricant passage shown in Figure 10. Such pair of lubricant passages advantageously permit a flow of lubricant, such as oil, through the manifold gap 148, entering at one end of the manifold gap 148 and exiting at its opposite end. Such flow of lubricant can be a continuous flow, such as in a continuous flow lubrication system, for example.
Other lubrication points of the apparatus 10 can be similarly modified for continuous flow lubrication.
Various components of the apparatus 10 which may come into contact with water of the body of water or in contact with a lubricant are preferably made of non-corrosive materials, including materials known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. Non-corrosive materials of the apparatus 10 may include materials such as plastics, including polymers such as PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and nylon;
non-corrosive metals such as brass, titanium and other non-corrosive metals;

coated materials, including painted metals or chrome plated metals; ceramics;
rubber; fiberglass; or combinations thereof, for example.
Thus, there is provided an apparatus for converting energy in the motion of a wave for a body of water to pressurize fluid useable to drive a generator, the apparatus comprising: a support having a longitudinal axis; a wave capturing member defining a wave capturing surface, said wave capturing member being connectable to said support at a first connection point of said support and operable to be actuated by the motion of the wave; and a fluid pump operable to be driven by actuation of said wave capturing member.
Operation Referring back to Figures 1 and 2, the wave capturing float 16 typically contains appropriate and sufficient amounts of ballast 92 such that the wave capturing float 16 rests on the surface of the water when no wave 18 is present.
The height of the wave capturing float 16 is typically adjusted such that when no wave 18 is present, the piston is in a retracted position relative to the cylinder 44 where the cylinder 44 volume above the piston 46 (i.e. proximate to the wave capturing float 16) is near a minimum volume and the cylinder 44 volume below the piston 46 is near a maximum. Typically, the cylinder 44 volume above the piston 46 is filled with air and the cylinder 44 volume below the piston 46 is filled with fluid such as water of the body of water.
When the wave 18 strikes or othenniise impacts the wave capturing surface of the wave capturing float 16, energy in the wave motion causes the wave capturing float 16 to rotate in an upwardly arcuate direction relative to the upper connection 32, thereby pulling the cylinder 44 upwards relative to the piston 46 and extending the connecting rod 52 relative to the cylinder 44. The extension of the connecting rod 52 causes fluid within the cylinder 44 volume below the piston 46 to be expelled under pressure from the cylinder 44 via the fluid outlet 62. Air is permitted to enter the cylinder 44 volume above the piston 46 via the air passageway 76. The expelled fluid enters the tank 70, which in turn expels, under pressure, fluid from the tank 70, thereby making pressurized fluid available for driving a generator.
After the wave 18 has passed the apparatus 10, the wave capturing float 16 descends with the descending surface of the water, thereby retracting the connecting rod 52 relative to the cylinder 44. The retraction of the connecting rod 52 and consequent travelling of the piston 46 within the cylinder 44 causes a suction effect that draws fluid, such as water of the body of water, into the cylinder 44 via the fluid inlet 58. Any air pressure building up within the cylinder 44 on the opposing, upward side of the piston 46 is expelled through the air passageway 76.
The pumping process described herein above repeats with each new wave 18 impacting the wave capturing surface, thereby continually pressurizing fluid useable to drive a generator. The tank 70 may be suitably used to dampen variations in the flow of pressurized fluid to the generator.
Thus, there is provided a method of converting energy in the motion of a wave for a body of water to pressurize fluid useable to drive a generator, the method comprising: actuating a wave capturing member by the motion of the wave; and driving, by said wave capturing member, a fluid pump operable to pressurize the fluid.
Method of manufacturina Referring to Figure 11, manufacturing the apparatus 10 (Figure 1) includes securing a cylinder sleeve such as the cylinder lining 45 to the cylinder 44.
To facilitate securing the cylinder lining 45 to the cylinder 44, cylinder apertures 156 are made in the cylinder 44. In some embodiments, the cylinder 44 is manufactured with the cylinder apertures 156. Additionally or alternatively, one or more cylinder apertures 156 may be drilled in the wall of the cylinder 44 after it has been manufactured. Preferably, each cylinder aperture 156 is threaded and dimensioned to receive a plug 158. The cylinder lining 45 and the cylinder 44 are preferably dimensioned such that a cylinder gap 160 exists between the cylinder lining 45 and the cylinder 44 when the cylinder lining 45 is inserted within the cylinder 44.
Figure 11 shows the cylinder 44 being attachable to the manifold 55 by mating a cylinder 44 flange and a manifold 55 flange. Such cylinder 44 flange is disposed at the opposite end of the cylinder flange 90 (Figure 2). In some embodiments, a cable or rod (not shown) can be disposed between the cylinder 44 flange shown in Figure 11 and the cylinder flange 90 (Figure 2), thereby providing additional tensile strength for the cylinder 44.
Referring to Figure 12, steps of a method of securing the cylinder lining 45 to the cylinder 44 is shown generally at 162.
The first step 164 involves inserting the cylinder lining 45 within the cylinder 44 such that the cylinder gap 160 is formed between the cylinder lining 45 and the cylinder 44. One of the cylinder apertures 156 is selected as the injection aperture, or currently active aperture, at step 166. Preferably, the cylinder 45 is oriented vertically and the first injection aperture to be selected is the lowest cylinder aperture 156.
At step 168, resin is injected into the injection aperture until the level of of resin reaches an adjacent aperture immediately adjacent the injection aperture.
Typically, a resin is selected that is operable to adhere the cylinder lining 45 to the cylinder 44 when injected into and disposed within the cylinder gap 160. A
selected resin type might be epoxy cement or similar, for example. When the cylinder 44 is oriented vertically and resin is being injected into the lowest aperture, resin will fill the cylinder gap 160 until it reaches the next lowest cylinder aperture 156 at which point injecting any more resin will cause resin to spill out of the next lowest cylinder aperture 156. Such spilling of resin when the resin level has reached an unplugged cylinder aperture 156 is minimized or prevented by ceasing to inject further resin.
At step 170, the injection aperture is plugged by a plug 158.
At step 172, it is determined whether the adjacent aperture is the only cylinder aperture 156 that has not yet been plugged. If not, the process proceeds to step 174.

At step 174, the adjacent aperture is selected as the injection aperture for receiving further resin. In cases where the cylinder 44 is vertically oriented and only the lowest aperture has been plugged, the next lowest aperture is selected as the injection aperture and resin is injected into the next lowest aperture (at step 168) until the resin level reaches the successively adjacent cylinder aperture 156. In this manner, steps 168 to 174 are iterated until the (currently) adjacent aperture is the only unplugged aperture that remains.
When it is determined at step 172 that the (current) adjacent aperture is the only remaining unplugged cylinder aperture 156, then the process proceeds to step 176.
At step 176, the last remaining aperture (i.e. the adjacent aperture) is plugged and the process ends.
Thus, there is provided a method of securing a cylinder sleeve to a cylinder having one or more apertures, the method comprising: inserting the cylinder sleeve within the cylinder such that a gap is formed between said cylinder sleeve and said cylinder; injecting into said gap through one of said one or more apertures a resin operable to adhere said cylinder sleeve to said cylinder when disposed in said gap; and plugging said one aperture.
Additionally or altematively, the cylinder lining 45 may be secured to the cylinder 44 by bending a substantially rectangular lining sheet having a plurality of apertures into a cylindrical shape; inserting the cylindrically shaped lining into the cylinder 44; fastening, such as by welding, the lining at the apertures;
and processing the inner surface of the lining to produce the cylinder 44 with a smooth cylinder lining 45.
Second Embodiment In accordance with a second embodiment of the invention, the apparatus 10 is modified to permit the use of a plurality of the support poles 12 and accompanying components of the apparatus 10, each support pole 12 and accompanying components being spaced apart and each operable to pressurize fluid useable to drive one or more generators 73. In this manner, a plurality of wave capturing floats 16 are operable to drive a plurality of fluid pumps for producing an advantageously greater amount of pressurized fluid.
Referring to Figures 13 and 14, a plurality of tanks 70 are in fluid communication with each other via inter-pole conduits 178 connected between adjacent support poles 12. For example, a plurality of tanks 70 may be in fluid communication with a primary tank 70 or other system outlet (not shown) for driving one or more generators 73, or driving a desalination station. In the second embodiment, one or more generators 73 are disposed along the inter-pole conduits 178 at desired locations. However, in some embodiments, the inter-pole conduits 178 are in fluid communication with a conduit extending to an on-shore location where pressurized fluid can be suitably used. A control system (not shown) may be included for controlling the generators 73, including turning generators 73 on and off and/or controlling valves located along a fluid conduit of the apparatus 10.
The various portions of the conduits 64 and 178 can be made from rigid materials such as rigid tubing, flexible materials such as flexible tubing or hose materials, or combinations thereof, for example. Preferably, at least a portion of the conduit or conduits 178 extending proximate to the tank 70 within the support pole 12 is made from a flexible material.
In the second embodiment, suspension cables 180 extend between the support towers 15, thereby advantageously permitting vertical support cables, straps or similar to be connected between the suspension cables 180 and the inter-pole conduits 178. As shown in Figure 14, vertical support cables 182 support the inter-pole conduits 178, including at locations near the placement of a generator 73.
Although Figure 14 shows one platform 14 for each support pole 12, multiple support poles 12 may be secured to the same platform 14 in some embodiments.

Third Embodiment Referring to Figure 15, the apparatus 10 in accordance with a third embodiment of the invention includes a cable 184 attached to the lower end of the support pole 12 proximate the platform 14. The cable 184 extends upwardly from the support pole 12 towards the wave capturing float 16. In the third embodiment, the wave capturing float 16 has a channel 186, shown in dotted and solid lines in Figure 15, through which the cable 184 passes. A roller 188 is located at the lower end of the channel 186 to eliminate or reduce sliding friction between the cable 184 and the wave capturing float 16. Additionally, a plurality of rollers 188, as described herein below, and/or skid plates (not shown) may be included at various points of potential contact with the cable 184.
Additionally or alternatively, the cable 184 may be slidably disposed within a sheath (not shown) extending within the channel 186, for example.
The cable 184 passes through the channel 186 to a reel 190 around which one end of the cable 184 is wound.
The fluid pump of the apparatus 10 is implemented by a hydraulic pump 192, which is preferably mechanically connected to the reel 190 and is actuated by the rotation of the reel. Pressurized fluid, such as pressurized hydraulic fluid, is generated by the hydraulic pump 192 and produced at the hydraulic pump outlet 194 for the generation of electricity. Additionally, a plurality of hydraulic pumps 194 may be included in the apparatus 10 and operated in parallel.
In the third embodiment, hydraulic pump outlet 194 is typically in fluid communication with the support pole 12 at the tank inlet 68. One or more tanks (not shown) contained within the support pole 12 may provide storage for the pressurized fluid. Pressurized fluid stored in the one or more tanks may be removed from the support pole 12 at the tank outlet 72 and used to drive a generator (not shown) or desalination equipment (not shown), for example. The fluid is returned, such as being returned from the generator, via the return conduit 196 to the hydraulic pump 192. Additionally, the apparatus 10 according to the third embodiment may include an overpressure bypass valve 198 which is operable to return the fluid to the hydraulic pump 192 directly from the hydraulic pump outlet 194, thereby bypassing the tank 70 and the tank outlet 72.
In operation according to the third embodiment, when the wave 18 impacts the wave capturing surface causing the wave capturing float 16 to raise, the cable 184 is drawn from the reel 190, thereby causing the reel 190 to rotate.
The rotation of the reel 190 actuates, such as by mechanically driving, the hydraulic pump 192. The hydraulic pump is driven to pressurize fluid useable to drive a generator. After the wave 18 has passed the wave capturing float 16, the wave capturing float 16 is permitted to descend to an adjustable lower height in preparation for the next wave 18. The reel 190 is operable to wind up any slack in the cable 184 by techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art, including by spring return. The reel 190 may be a ratcheting reel with a return spring (not shown), for example. The third embodiment advantageously does not limit the extent of travel of the wave capturing float 16 by the limited distance a piston can travel within a cylinder.
Referring to Figure 16, the apparatus 10 may include a roller module 200 that is removably attachable to the bottom sheet 84 (Figure 2) of the wave capturing float 16. The roller module 200 includes a module frame 202 dimensioned to be removably fastened to the bottom sheet 84, such as by having frame apertures 204 for receiving fasteners (not shown). Roller axles 206 connect the rollers 188 to the module frame 202. In some embodiments, two end rollers 208 of the rollers 188 have concave shapes. The roller module 200 is operable to receive one or more cables 184 within the space defined between the rollers 188. The modular design of the roller module 200 advantageously facilitates installation, maintenance and repair of the apparatus 10.
It will thus be seen that a new and novel wave motion conversion apparatus has been illustrated and described and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention. While specific embodiments of the invention have been described and illustrated, such embodiments should be considered illustrative of the invention only. The invention may include variants not described or illustrated herein in detail. For example, the apparatus may include combinations of various embodiments of the present invention and components thereof. Thus, the embodiments described and illustrated herein should not be considered to limit the invention as construed in accordance with the accompanying claims.

Claims

1. An apparatus for converting energy in the motion of a wave for a body of water to pressurize fluid useable to drive a generator, the apparatus comprising:

(a) a support having a longitudinal axis;

(b) a wave capturing member defining a wave capturing surface, said wave capturing member being connectable to said support at a first connection point of said support and operable to be actuated by the motion of the wave; and (c) a fluid pump operable to be driven by actuation of said wave capturing member.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said first connection point is adjustable along the longitudinal axis of said support.

3. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 2 wherein said wave capturing member is operable to move substantially arcuately relative to the longitudinal axis of said support.

4. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein said wave capturing member is operable to rotate about the longitudinal axis of said support.

5. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein said wave capturing member comprises first and second substantially planar sections disposed at an obtuse angle relative to each other and forming an inward side defining the wave capturing surface of said wave capturing member.

6. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein said wave capturing member comprises a pair of side walls attached at opposing sides of said wave capturing member, thereby defining a wave capturing volume of said wave capturing member.

7. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein said wave capturing member comprises a transport support projecting from said wave capturing member, said transport support being dimensioned to facilitate transport and installation of said wave capturing member.

8. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said fluid pump comprises a first fluid pump end and a second fluid pump end opposite said first fluid pump end, said fluid pump being connected at said first fluid pump end to said wave capturing member and being connected at said second fluid pump end to said support.

9. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 9 further comprising a plurality of frame members having respective opposing ends connected to said wave capturing member.

10. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 10 wherein said fluid pump comprises a piston slidably coupled within a cylinder having a first cylinder end and a second cylinder end opposite said first cylinder end.

11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said fluid pump further comprises an air passage for permitting air flow into and out of said cylinder at said first cylinder end, a fluid inlet valve and a fluid outlet valve, said fluid inlet valve and said fluid outlet valve being disposed at said second cylinder end, said piston being operable to cause a fluid to flow into said cylinder through said fluid inlet valve and out of said cylinder through said fluid outlet valve.

12. The apparatus of any one of claims 10 to 11 wherein each of said fluid inlet valve and said fluid outlet valve comprise a one-way valve, and said fluid comprises water of the body of water.

13. The apparatus of any one of claims 10 to 12 wherein said cylinder is hingedly connected at said first cylinder end to said wave capturing member and wherein a wave capturing surface angle of said wave capturing member is adjustable relative to said support.

14. The apparatus of any one of claims 10 to 13 further comprising a plurality of piston rings disposed about said piston, said piston having one or more piston ring grooves for receiving said plurality of piston rings, said piston being dimensioned to receive a lubricant between at least one pair of adjacent said piston rings.

15. The apparatus of any one of claims 10 to 14 wherein said fluid pump further comprises a piston rod attached to said piston, said piston rod extending from said piston through said second cylinder end.

16. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein said piston rod is moveably connected to said support, thereby permitting said wave capturing member to move substantially arcuately relative to said support.

17. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 16 wherein said support is substantially elongated along a direction of elongation defining the longitudinal axis.

18. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 17 wherein said support is fixed to a floor beneath the body of water and extends longitudinally therefrom.

19. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 18 wherein said support comprises a first connection bracket rotatably connected about said support, said first connection bracket comprising a first pair of substantially parallel, spaced apart connection plates projecting substantially transversely from said support, said first pair of connection plates having substantially aligned apertures for receiving a first connection pin.

20. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein said first connection bracket is slidably attached to said support at said first connection point such that said first connection bracket is adjustable along said longitudinal axis.

21. The apparatus of claim 19 comprising one or more spars having opposing first and second spar ends, respectively, said spars being attached at said first spar ends to said wave capturing member and having at one or more of said second spar ends one or more spar apertures forming a venturi-shaped channel therethrough for receiving said first connection pin to form a first connection between said spars and said first pair of connection plates, the apparatus further comprising a first seal for sealing said first connection.

22. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 21 wherein said support comprises a second connection bracket rotatably connected about said support between upper and lower bracket collars, said second connection bracket comprising a second pair of substantially parallel, spaced apart connection plates projecting substantially transversely from said support, said second pair of connection plates having substantially aligned apertures for receiving a second connection pin.

23. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein said fluid pump has a venturi-shaped aperture therethrough for receiving said second connection pin to form a second connection between said fluid pump and said second pair of connection plates, the apparatus further comprising a second seal for sealing said second connection.

24. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 23 wherein said support comprises a fluid storage tank disposed within said support and a fluid inlet for receiving pressurized fluid from said fluid pump, said fluid storage tank comprising a fluid outlet for supplying said pressurized fluid.

25. The apparatus of claim 24 further comprising one or more fluid conduits providing fluid communication between said fluid pump and said fluid inlet, and an overpressure release valve in fluid communication with said fluid storage tank.

26. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 7 further comprising a reel attached to said wave capturing member and a cable attached at a first cable end to said reel, said cable passing through said wave capturing member and being attached at a second cable end opposite said first cable end to said support, said reel being operatively coupled to said fluid pump, said fluid pump being a hydraulic pump operable to pressurize the fluid.

27. An apparatus for converting energy in the motion of a wave for a body of water to pressurize fluid useable to drive a generator, the apparatus comprising:

(a) wave capturing means for capturing the motion of the wave;

(b) support means for supporting said wave capturing means such that said wave capturing means is operable to be actuated by the motion of the wave; and (c) pump means for pressurizing the fluid, said pump means being operable to be driven by actuation of said wave capturing means.

28. A method of converting energy in the motion of a wave for a body of water to pressurize fluid useable to drive a generator, the method comprising:
(a) actuating a wave capturing member by the motion of the wave; and (b) driving, by said wave capturing member, a fluid pump operable to pressurize the fluid.

29. A method of securing a cylinder sleeve to a cylinder having one or more apertures, the method comprising:

(a) inserting the cylinder sleeve within the cylinder such that a gap is formed between said cylinder sleeve and said cylinder;

(b) injecting into said gap through one of said one or more apertures a resin operable to adhere said cylinder sleeve to said cylinder when disposed in said gap; and (c) plugging said one aperture.

30. The method of claim 29 further comprising injecting said resin into said gap through successive apertures of said one or more apertures and successively plugging said successive apertures.