WO2018014360A1 - 拥塞控制方法、基站及终端 - Google Patents

拥塞控制方法、基站及终端 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018014360A1
WO2018014360A1 PCT/CN2016/091093 CN2016091093W WO2018014360A1 WO 2018014360 A1 WO2018014360 A1 WO 2018014360A1 CN 2016091093 W CN2016091093 W CN 2016091093W WO 2018014360 A1 WO2018014360 A1 WO 2018014360A1
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Prior art keywords
period
base station
congestion control
resource pool
delay
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PCT/CN2016/091093
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙继忠
陈亮
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP16909287.1A priority Critical patent/EP3471456B1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2016/091093 priority patent/WO2018014360A1/zh
Priority to CN201680087391.2A priority patent/CN109417720B/zh
Publication of WO2018014360A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018014360A1/zh
Priority to US16/251,936 priority patent/US10785678B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/0289—Congestion control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/10—Scheduling measurement reports ; Arrangements for measurement reports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/0205—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control at the air interface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/06—Optimizing the usage of the radio link, e.g. header compression, information sizing, discarding information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H04W72/23—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/52—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/535—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on resource usage policies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/20—Manipulation of established connections
    • H04W76/27—Transitions between radio resource control [RRC] states

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present invention relate to intelligent transportation technologies, and in particular, to a congestion control method, a base station, and a terminal.
  • D2D Device to device
  • V2X Vehicle-to-Everything
  • V2X Vehicle-to-Everything
  • Communication includes communication between Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V), communication between Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I), and Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P) Communication and so on.
  • V2V Vehicle to Vehicle
  • V2I Vehicle-to-Infrastructure
  • V2P Vehicle-to-Pedestrian
  • the existing vehicle-vehicle communication technology adopts the distributed congestion control mechanism of 802.11P, and the carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) mechanism detects the "busy"/"free" of the channel. "To retreat or allocate resources.”
  • CSMA/CD carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection
  • VUE vehicle user equipment
  • LTE frequency band or the dedicated frequency band connects VUE and VUE, roads, people, etc., to achieve high-security traffic coordination assistance.
  • the capacity of the resource pool is limited, and the transmission time of the service packets between the VUEs is too large.
  • the interference of the VUEs is very large, and the packet receiving rate of the VUE service packets is reduced.
  • Delivery Ratio PDR
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a congestion control method, a base station, and a terminal, which improve the security assistance effect on a vehicle through congestion control.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a congestion control method, which is described from the perspective of a base station.
  • the base station determines a congestion control policy and is within the coverage of the base station.
  • the UE determines the first UE that needs to be adjusted according to the congestion control policy, and then sends the congestion control policy to the first UE, so that the first UE performs adjustment to alleviate Congestion status of PC5 port.
  • the base station performs centralized control on all UEs in the coverage of the base station, and solves the problem of poor security assistance effect caused by the distributed congestion control policy of the 802.11P, that is, the centralized congestion control of the base station improves the security of the vehicle. Auxiliary effect.
  • the base station determines to perform congestion control on the UE in the coverage of the base station, where the base station determines whether the number of transmissions of the UE in the coverage of the base station meets a preset number of transmissions. And if the preset number of transmissions is met, determining whether the UE in the coverage of the base station satisfies the condition of congestion control; if the condition of the congestion control is met, determining to perform congestion control on the UE in the coverage of the base station.
  • the base station determines the number of transmissions and the utilization of the resource pool, and determines whether to trigger the centralized congestion control of the base station according to the determination result, thereby avoiding the blindness of the congestion control.
  • the foregoing congestion control condition includes a first condition and/or a second condition, where, under the first condition, a total resource requirement of a UE in a coverage of the base station is greater than the base station. Available resources for direct communication between UEs in a UE within coverage;
  • the delay of the transmission waiting of the at least one UE is greater than the delay threshold of the congestion control.
  • the congestion control policy specifically indicates that the first UE is adjusted in a statistical period, where the statistics period includes Q resource pool scheduling allocation periods, and the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period is The Q resource pools are scheduled to be any one of the allocation periods, where Q ⁇ 1, 1 ⁇ Qi ⁇ Q, and the Q and the Qi are integers.
  • the base station when the base station performs congestion control on the UEs in the coverage area, it is specific to each statistical period, and then specifically to the resource pool scheduling allocation period of each statistical period, to implement fine centralized congestion control.
  • the congestion control policy specifically indicates that the first UE adjusts a current packet sending period to a first sending period in the statistical period
  • the base station determines a congestion control policy, specifically: Determining, by the base station, the first packet sending period according to the number of UEs that are authorized to be scheduled in the scheduling queue, and the number of UEs that are not authorized to be scheduled, where the first sending period is greater than the current sending period, and the UE in the scheduling queue a UE corresponding to the statistical period;
  • the base station For the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period, the base station according to the number of UEs authorized to be scheduled in the scheduling queue, the number of UEs that are not authorized to be scheduled, and the delay of transmission waiting is greater than the congestion control The number of UEs of the delay threshold is determined, and the number of the first UEs is determined.
  • the base station adjusts the packet sending period of the UE in the statistical period to implement congestion control.
  • the base station determines that the resource utilization rate of the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period is less than a resource utilization threshold of the congestion control; the base station determines a second delivery period, the second The sending period is smaller than the current sending period of the second UE; the base station determines a second UE from the scheduling queue, and the second UE is a high priority UE in the scheduling queue; The second UE sends the indication information to instruct the second UE to adjust the current delivery period to the second delivery period.
  • the resource utilization rate in the resource pool is improved by reducing the delivery period.
  • the congestion control policy specifically indicates that the first UE adjusts a current packet sending period to a first sending period in the statistical period, and the base station determines a congestion control policy, including:
  • the base station determines the first sending period and the number of the first UE, where the first sending period is sent in the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period An integer multiple of the period of the UE with the smallest period.
  • the base station adjusts the packet sending period of the UE in each resource pool scheduling allocation period to implement fine centralized congestion control.
  • the base station determines that the resource utilization rate of the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period is less than a resource utilization threshold of the congestion control
  • the resource utilization rate in the resource pool is improved by reducing the delivery period.
  • the congestion control policy specifically indicates that the base station is according to The number of the first UEs in which the delay of the transmission of the pre-statistical period is greater than the delay threshold of the congestion control, and the number of the first UEs in which the delay of the transmission of the next statistical period is greater than the delay threshold of the congestion control is determined. Determining, by the base station, a congestion control policy, specifically: for the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period of the current statistical period, the base station determines a first quantity, where the first quantity is a Qi resource pool of the current statistical period The number of the first UEs in which the delay of the transmission waiting in the scheduling allocation period is greater than the delay threshold of the congestion control;
  • the base station determines a second quantity according to the first quantity, where the second quantity is the Qi resource pool of the next statistical period During the scheduling allocation period, the delay of the transmission waiting is greater than the final number of the first UE of the delay threshold of the congestion control.
  • the base station determines, according to the number of UEs whose transmission delay is greater than the delay threshold of the congestion control in the previous statistical period, the number of UEs whose transmission waiting delay is greater than the delay threshold of the congestion control in the current statistical period.
  • the packet loss processing is performed in advance in this cycle, and the effect of congestion control is improved.
  • the determining, by the base station, the second quantity according to the first quantity includes:
  • the original number of first UEs of the congestion control delay threshold, the second number the first number + the original number.
  • the base station determines that the resource utilization rate of the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period of the statistical period is less than a resource utilization threshold of the congestion control; and the base station decreases the first quantity. .
  • the utilization of the resource pool is lower than the utilization threshold of the congestion control, the number of UEs that lose packets is reduced, thereby providing the utilization of the resource pool.
  • the base station does indicate that the second number of first UEs are in turn as UEs whose transmission waiting delay is greater than a delay threshold of congestion control.
  • the base station determines, as the first UE, the handover-enabled UE or the newly-accessed UE, and the number of times the handover-enabled UE or the newly-accessed UE is the first UE Is the maximum value or the number of times the first UE is used in the second number of UEs Mean.
  • the number of lost UEs or the newly accessed UEs is prevented from being excessively large.
  • the congestion control policy is specifically to indicate that the first UE sends a service packet through a Uu interface, where the Uu interface is an air interface for wireless communication between the base station and the first UE. .
  • the UE is instructed to send a service packet on the Uu interface, thereby alleviating the congestion state of the PC5 port.
  • the congestion control policy specifically indicates that the first UE adjusts transmit power, adaptive modulation and coding AMC, or multi-carrier load balancing.
  • the base station implements congestion control by instructing the UE to adjust the transmit power, performing AMC adaptation, load balancing, and the like.
  • the sending, by the base station, the indication information to the first UE includes: sending, by the base station, the indication information to the first UE by using downlink control information DCI or radio resource control RRC.
  • the congestion control policy specifically indicates that the first UE adjusts a current packet sending period to a first sending period in the statistical period
  • the base station determines a congestion control policy, including: Determining, by the base station, that a current packet sending period of all UEs in the coverage of the base station is adjusted to the first sending period;
  • the base station sends indication information to the first UE by using a system information block SIB, where the first UE is any UE within the coverage of the base station.
  • SIB system information block
  • the base station sends the congestion control policy to the UE through the SIB, so that the UE in the coverage of the base station adjusts the packet sending period to a unified first delivery period.
  • the base station receives the PC5 port congestion status information reported by the UE included in the scheduling queue;
  • Determining, by the base station, the first UE from the UEs included in the scheduling queue including:
  • the base station determines the first UE from the UEs included in the scheduling queue according to the PC5 port congestion state information.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a congestion control method, which is a corner of a terminal.
  • the first terminal UE adjusts according to the congestion control policy to alleviate the congestion state of the PC5 port, where the congestion control policy is that the base station determines that the pair needs to be The UE within the coverage of the base station determines the congestion control.
  • the congestion control policy is adjusted to alleviate the congestion state of the PC5 port.
  • the base station controls all the UEs in the coverage of the base station to solve the problem of poor security assistance caused by the distributed congestion control strategy of the 802.11P, that is, the centralized congestion control of the base station improves the vehicle. Safety aids.
  • the first UE sends a scheduling request
  • the first UE determines that the scheduling request is not responded by the base station after the timer expires, or determines that the PC5 port of the first UE is congested, and then assists in congestion control.
  • the UE performs auxiliary congestion control based on the centralized congestion control of the base station, and implements congestion control in which the base station centralized congestion control is mainly used and the UE assisted congestion control is supplemented.
  • the first UE assisting in performing congestion control includes at least one of the following behaviors:
  • the first UE adjusting a delivery period, and/or scheduling a transmission period of the allocation request;
  • the second behavior whether the first UE detects whether the timer expires, and if it times out, requests the resource by using a resource competition manner;
  • the third behavior the first UE sends PC5 port congestion status information to the base station;
  • the fourth behavior is that the first UE is a UE that has a delay of transmission waiting that is greater than a delay threshold of the congestion control, and the first UE discards the service packet.
  • the congestion control policy specifically indicates that the first UE is adjusted in a statistical period, where the statistics period includes Q resource pool scheduling allocation periods, and the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period is The Q resource pools are scheduled to be any one of the allocation periods, where Q ⁇ 1, 1 ⁇ Qi ⁇ Q, and the Q and the Qi are integers.
  • the congestion control policy specifically indicates that the first UE adjusts a current packet sending period to a first sending period in a statistical period, and the first UE adjusts according to the congestion control policy to mitigate The state of PC5 port congestion, including:
  • the first UE will send the current packet week The period is adjusted to the first sending period, and the first sending period is greater than the current sending period.
  • the first UE adjusts the first sending period to a second sending period, and the second sending period is smaller than the first sending period.
  • the first UE receives DCI information sent by the base station, and the DCI information indicates that the first UE is a UE whose transmission waiting delay is greater than a delay threshold of congestion control.
  • the first UE determines whether the resource usage of the statistics period exceeds a utilization threshold of the congestion control, and if yes, sends congestion state information to the base station.
  • the first UE determines whether the resource usage of the statistics period exceeds a utilization threshold of the congestion control, including:
  • the first UE determines whether the resource usage of the statistics period exceeds a utilization threshold of the congestion control, including:
  • the receiving, by the first UE, the indication information sent by the base station includes:
  • the first UE receives indication information that is sent by the base station by using downlink control information DCI, radio resource control RRC, or system information block SIB.
  • DCI downlink control information
  • RRC radio resource control
  • SIB system information block
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a base station, including:
  • a processing module configured to determine congestion control of the terminal UE in the coverage of the base station, determine a congestion control policy, and determine a first UE from the UEs in the coverage of the base station, where the first UE is required to be
  • the congestion control strategy is used to alleviate the congestion of the UE;
  • a transceiver module configured to send indication information to the first UE, where the indication information carries the Congestion control policy, such that the first UE adjusts according to the congestion control policy.
  • the processing module is specifically configured to determine whether the number of transmissions of the UE in the coverage of the base station meets a preset number of transmissions, and if the preset number of transmissions is met, determine the base station. Whether the UE in the coverage meets the condition of congestion control, and if the condition of the congestion control is met, it is determined to perform congestion control on the UE in the coverage of the base station.
  • the congestion control condition includes a first condition and/or a second condition, where
  • the sum of the resource requirements of the UEs in the coverage of the base station is greater than the available resources for direct communication between the UEs in the UE in the coverage of the base station;
  • the delay of the transmission waiting of the at least one UE is greater than the delay threshold of the congestion control.
  • the congestion control policy specifically indicates that the first UE is adjusted in a statistical period, where the statistics period includes Q resource pool scheduling allocation periods, and the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period is The Q resource pools are scheduled to be any one of the allocation periods, where Q ⁇ 1, 1 ⁇ Qi ⁇ Q, and the Q and the Qi are integers.
  • the processing module is specifically configured to: when the congestion control policy specifically indicates that the first UE adjusts a current packet sending period to a first sending period in the statistical period, according to the scheduling Determining the number of UEs that are authorized to be scheduled in the queue, and the number of UEs that are not authorized to be scheduled, determining the first packet sending period, where the first sending period is greater than the current sending period, and the UE in the scheduling queue is a UE corresponding to the statistical period; for the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period, the base station according to the number of UEs authorized to be scheduled in the scheduling queue, the number of UEs not authorized to be scheduled, and the delay of transmission waiting is greater than congestion
  • the number of UEs of the controlled delay threshold determines the number of the first UE.
  • the processing module is further configured to: determine that a resource utilization threshold of the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period is less than a resource utilization threshold of the congestion control; and determine a second delivery period, where The second packet sending period is smaller than the current packet sending period of the second UE; the second UE is determined from the scheduling queue, and the second UE is a high priority UE in the scheduling queue;
  • the transceiver module is further configured to send indication information to the second UE, to indicate that the second UE adjusts a current packet sending period to the second packet sending period.
  • the processing module is specifically configured to use the congestion control policy
  • the base station determines the first sending period and the first period for the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period.
  • the number of UEs, where the first packet sending period is an integer multiple of a packet sending period of a UE with a minimum packet sending period in the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period.
  • the processing module is further configured to determine that a resource utilization threshold of the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period is less than a resource utilization threshold of the congestion control, and determine a second delivery period, where The second packet sending period is smaller than the current packet sending period of the second UE; the second UE is determined from the scheduling queue, and the second UE is a high priority UE in the scheduling queue;
  • the transceiver module is further configured to send indication information to the second UE, to indicate that the second UE adjusts a packet sending period to the second packet sending period.
  • the processing module is specifically configured to: in the congestion control policy, specifically indicate that the base station according to the current statistical period is delayed by a delay of the first UE that is greater than a delay threshold of the congestion control.
  • the number of the first UEs that determine the delay of the next statistical period transmission waiting time is greater than the delay threshold of the congestion control, the base station determines the first for the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period of the current statistical period
  • the quantity, the first quantity is the number of the first UEs in which the delay of the transmission waiting in the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period of the current statistical period is greater than the delay threshold of the congestion control; for the next statistical period a second resource pool scheduling allocation period, the base station determining, according to the first quantity, a second quantity, where the second quantity is within a scheduling allocation period of the Qi resource pool of the next statistical period, and the transmission waits
  • the processing module is specifically configured to determine an original quantity of a Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period of the next statistical period, where the original quantity is the number of the next statistical period The number of transmissions in the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period is greater than the original number of the first UE of the congestion control delay threshold, and the second number is the first quantity + the original quantity.
  • the processing module is further configured to determine that a resource utilization rate of the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period of the statistical period is less than a resource utilization threshold of the congestion control; A quantity.
  • the processing module is further configured to indicate that the second number of first UEs are in turn as UEs whose transmission waiting delay is greater than a delay threshold of congestion control.
  • the processing module is further configured to determine, as the first UE, the handover-enabled UE or the newly-accessed UE, the handover-enabled UE or the newly-accessed UE as the The number of times of the first UE is a maximum value or an average value of the number of times of the first UE in the second number of UEs.
  • the processing module is further configured to: instruct the first UE to send a service packet by using a Uu interface, where the Uu port is an air communication between the base station and the first UE. interface.
  • the congestion control policy specifically indicates that the first UE adjusts transmit power, adaptive modulation and coding AMC, or multi-carrier load balancing.
  • the transceiver module is specifically configured to send the indication information to the first UE by using downlink control information DCI or radio resource control RRC.
  • the processing module is specifically configured to: when the congestion control policy specifically indicates that the first UE adjusts a current packet sending period to a first sending period in the statistical period, The current packet sending period of all UEs in the coverage of the base station is adjusted to the first sending period;
  • the transceiver module is specifically configured to send indication information to the first UE by using a system information block SIB, where the first UE is any UE in the coverage of the base station.
  • SIB system information block
  • the transceiver module is further configured to receive PC5 port congestion status information reported by the UE included in the scheduling queue.
  • the processing module is specifically configured to determine, according to the congestion status information of the PC5 port, the first UE from the UEs included in the scheduling queue.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a terminal, where the terminal is a first terminal, and the first terminal includes:
  • the transceiver module is configured to receive the indication information sent by the base station, where the indication information carries a congestion control policy, where the congestion control policy is determined by the base station after determining that congestion control is required on the UE in the coverage of the base station. ;
  • a processing module configured to perform adjustment according to the congestion control policy.
  • the transceiver module is further configured to send a scheduling request
  • the processing module is further configured to: determine that the scheduling request is not responded by the base station after the timer expires, or determine that the PC5 port of the first UE is congested, and then assist in performing congestion control.
  • the processing module is specifically configured to perform at least one of the following auxiliary congestion control behaviors:
  • the first behavior adjusting the delivery period, and/or scheduling the transmission period of the allocation request
  • the second behavior detecting whether the timer expires, and if it times out, requesting resources through resource competition;
  • the third behavior is: sending, to the base station, PC5 port congestion status information;
  • the fourth behavior the UE that is the delay of the transmission waiting is greater than the delay threshold of the congestion control, the first UE discards the service packet.
  • the congestion control policy specifically indicates that the first UE is adjusted in a statistical period, where the statistics period includes Q resource pool scheduling allocation periods, and the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period is The Q resource pools are scheduled to be any one of the allocation periods, where Q ⁇ 1, 1 ⁇ Qi ⁇ Q, and the Q and the Qi are integers.
  • the processing module is specifically configured to: when the congestion control policy specifically indicates that the first UE adjusts a current packet sending period to a first sending period in a statistical period, for the Qi The first UE sends the current packet sending period to the first sending period, and the first sending period is greater than the current sending period.
  • the processing module is further configured to adjust the first sending period to a second sending period, where the second sending period is smaller than the first sending period.
  • the transceiver module is specifically configured to receive DCI information sent by the base station, where the DCI information indicates that the delay of the first UE as the transmission waiting is greater than the delay threshold of the congestion control. UE.
  • the processing module is further configured to determine whether a resource usage of the statistics period exceeds a utilization threshold of a congestion control
  • the transceiver module is further configured to: when the processing module determines that the resource usage of the statistics period exceeds a utilization threshold of the congestion control, send the congestion state information to the base station.
  • the processing module is specifically configured to determine whether energy on each physical resource block PRB on each transmission time interval TTI in the statistical period exceeds an energy detection threshold, if the statistics If the ratio of the total number of PRBs exceeding the congestion control energy detection threshold to the total number of PRBs in the statistical period exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined that the resource pool utilization exceeds the congestion control utilization threshold.
  • the processing module is specifically configured to determine whether an average energy of each physical resource block PRB of the sub-band PRB group in the statistical period exceeds an energy detection threshold, and if the statistical period exceeds congestion If the ratio of the total number of PRBs that control the energy detection threshold to the total number of PRBs in the statistical period exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined that the utilization of the resource pool exceeds the utilization threshold of the congestion control.
  • the transceiver module is specifically configured to receive indication information that is sent by the base station by using downlink control information DCI, radio resource control RRC, or system information block SIB.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a base station, including: a processor, a memory, a communication interface, and a system bus, where the memory and the communication interface are connected to the processor through the system bus and complete each other. Communication, the memory for storing computer execution instructions, the communication interface for communicating with other devices, the processor for operating the computer to execute instructions for causing the base station to perform various steps of a method as applied to a base station as above .
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a terminal, where the terminal UE is a first UE, where the first UE includes: a processor, a memory, a communication interface, and a system bus, where the memory and the communication interface pass through The system bus is coupled to the processor and is in communication with each other, the memory is for storing computer execution instructions, the communication interface is for communicating with other devices, and the processor is configured to execute the computer to execute instructions,
  • the base station is caused to perform the various steps of the method as applied to the terminal as above.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer storage medium for storing computer software instructions for use by the base station, including a program designed to perform the above aspects.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer storage medium for storing computer software instructions for use in the terminal, including a program designed to perform the above aspects.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a base station having a function of implementing behavior of a first base station in the design of the foregoing method.
  • the functions may be implemented by hardware or by corresponding software implemented by hardware.
  • the hardware or software includes one or more units corresponding to the functions described above.
  • the structure of the base station includes a processor and a transmitter, and the processor is configured to support the first base station to perform a corresponding function in the foregoing method.
  • the transmitter is configured to support communication between the base station and the terminal, and send information or instructions involved in the foregoing method to the terminal.
  • the base station can also include a memory for coupling with the processor that stores the necessary program instructions and data for the base station.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a terminal, where the terminal has a function of implementing terminal behavior in the design of the foregoing method.
  • the functions may be implemented by hardware or by corresponding software implemented by hardware.
  • the hardware or software includes one or more units corresponding to the functions described above.
  • the module can be software and/or hardware
  • the structure of the terminal includes a receiver and a processor configured to support the terminal to perform corresponding functions in the above methods.
  • the transmitter is configured to support communication between the terminal and the base station, and receive information or instructions involved in the foregoing method sent by the base station.
  • the terminal can also include a memory for coupling with the processor that stores the necessary program instructions and data for the base station.
  • the congestion control method, the base station, and the terminal provided by the embodiment of the present invention after determining that congestion control is required, the base station determines a congestion control policy, and determines, from the UE in the coverage of the base station, that the adjustment needs to be performed according to the congestion control policy.
  • the UE then sends the congestion control policy to the first UE, so that the first UE performs adjustment to alleviate the congestion state of the PC5 port.
  • the base station controls all the UEs in the coverage of the base station to solve the problem of poor security assistance caused by the distributed congestion control strategy of the 802.11P, that is, the centralized congestion control of the base station improves the vehicle. Safety aids.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a congestion control method according to the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 of a congestion control method according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a signaling diagram of centralized control of a base station and distributed congestion control of a UE in a congestion control method according to the present invention
  • 4A is a schematic diagram of an example of adjusting a packet sending period from 100 ms to 200 ms in a congestion control method according to the present invention
  • 4B is a schematic diagram showing an example of adjusting a packet sending period from 100 ms to 300 ms in the congestion control method of the present invention
  • FIG. 5A is a schematic diagram showing another example of adjusting a packet sending period from 100 ms to 200 ms in the congestion control method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5B is a schematic diagram showing another example of adjusting a packet sending period from 100 ms to 300 ms in the congestion control method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a packet loss scheme in a congestion control method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a packet accumulation process in a congestion control method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a rotating packet loss process in a congestion control method according to the present invention.
  • Embodiment 9 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of a base station according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of a terminal according to the present invention.
  • Embodiment 11 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of a base station according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of a terminal according to the present invention.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • Code Division Multiple Access Code Division Multiple Access
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access Wireless
  • FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Addressing
  • OFDMA orthogonal frequency Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access
  • SC-FDMA single carrier FDMA
  • GPRS General Packet Radio Service
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • E-UTRA 5G mobile communication systems, and other such communication systems.
  • the terminal (User Equipment, UE) involved in the present application may be, for example, a mobile terminal, such as a mobile phone (or "cellular" phone) and a computer having a mobile terminal, which may be portable, pocket-sized, handheld, or built-in.
  • Vehicle User Equipment (VUE) which exchanges language and/or data with the radio access network.
  • PCS Personal Communication Service
  • SIP Session Initiation Protocol
  • WLL Wireless Local Loop
  • PDAs Personal Digital Assistants
  • the wireless terminal may also be referred to as a system, a subscriber unit, a subscriber station, a mobile station, a mobile station, a remote station, a remote terminal, and a remote terminal. Access Terminal, User Terminal, User Agent, User Device, or User Equipment.
  • a base station as referred to in this application may refer to a device in an access network that communicates with a wireless terminal over one or more sectors on an air interface.
  • the base station can be used to convert the received air frame to the IP packet as a router between the wireless terminal and the rest of the access network, wherein the remainder of the access network can include an Internet Protocol (IP) network.
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • the base station can also coordinate attribute management of the air interface.
  • the base station may be a Base Transceiver Station (BTS) in GSM or CDMA, or may be a base station (NodeB) in WCDMA, or may be an evolved base station in LTE (NodeB or eNB or e-NodeB, evolutional Node B), or a 5G base station, the application is not limited.
  • the congestion control is classified into congestion control in an In Coverage (IC) scenario and congestion control in an Out Of Coverage (OOC) scenario according to a scenario.
  • IC In Coverage
  • OOC Out Of Coverage
  • CCC centralized congestion control
  • DCC distributed decentralized control
  • the architecture of the present invention is described by taking a base station as an LTE base station as an example. For details, refer to FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an architecture applicable to a congestion control method according to the present invention.
  • V2V communication is performed between the UE and the UE.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • ITS Intelligent Transport System
  • a connection is made through the fiber between the Intelligent Transport System (ITS) platform, as indicated by the dotted line arrow in the figure.
  • the air interface of the wireless communication is established between the base station and the UE, that is, the Uu interface, and the PC5 port is established between the UEs.
  • the PC5 port is established between each UE.
  • the congestion control in the IC scenario of the present invention will be described in detail based on FIG.
  • FIG. 2 is a signaling diagram of Embodiment 1 of a congestion control method according to the present disclosure.
  • This embodiment includes:
  • the base station determines to perform congestion control on the terminal UE in the coverage of the base station.
  • the base station performs congestion control, and may perform congestion control on the UE covered by the entire base station in units of the base station; or may be a unit in the base station, and at this time, the base station has at least one cell, and the base station uses the cell. For the unit, congestion control is performed on the UE. Unless otherwise specified, the base station performs congestion control on the UEs in the coverage area of the base station, and the base station performs congestion control on the UEs in a specific cell under the base station.
  • the base station according to the coverage of the base station Whether the number of transmissions of the service packets of the surrounding UE, the utilization of the resources in the resource pool, and the like are determined, whether to start the congestion control, if it is started, execute 102, otherwise, the congestion control is terminated.
  • the method for determining, by the base station, whether to start the congestion control is: for a cell under the base station, the base station determines whether the number of transmissions of the UE in the cell meets the preset number of transmissions; if the base station determines that the number of transmissions is satisfied The preset number of transmissions determines whether the UE in the cell satisfies the condition of congestion control; if the condition of the congestion control is met, it determines to perform congestion control on the UE in the cell.
  • the congestion control condition includes a first condition and/or a second condition, where, under the first condition, a total resource requirement of a UE in the cell is greater than an available resource of direct communication between UEs in the UE in the cell, where
  • the resource includes the multiplexed resource, that is, in the V2X communication, if the distance between the UEs is relatively long and the same time-frequency resource is multiplexed with each other, the time-frequency resource is a multiplexed resource; In the UE, the delay of the at least one UE transmission waiting is greater than the delay threshold of the congestion control.
  • the base station first performs adaptive transmission times, and then determines the congestion control state.
  • the number of transmissions of the service packets of the UE is jointly determined, and the cell is improved.
  • the number of UEs is scheduled, the interference between UEs is reduced, and the PDR of the network is improved.
  • the number of transmissions as 2 times/4 times as an example, when the resource utilization rate of the network and/or the distribution density of the UE is less than the preset threshold, 4 transmissions are performed; when the network resource utilization rate and/or the UE's distribution density is high When the threshold is preset, 2 transmissions are performed.
  • the transmission number adaptation can be divided into cell level adaptation and cluster level adaptation. In time, the number of transmissions can be adaptive in real time or in a time period.
  • the congestion control state is judged, that is, whether the first condition and/or the second condition are satisfied.
  • the first condition is met, the UE's demand for resources > resources available for Vehicle Direct Communication (VDC); when the second condition is met, the UE transmits the waiting delay > the delay threshold of the congestion control.
  • the waiting delay of the UE is timed out, and the service packet is not scheduled.
  • the base station determines a congestion control policy.
  • the base station determines a specific congestion control policy.
  • the congestion control strategy may include various strategies as follows:
  • Strategy 1 indicating that the delay of the first UE as the transmission waiting is greater than the delay threshold of the congestion control The UE indicates that the first UE discards the service packet, which is referred to as a packet loss;
  • the second UE indicates that the first UE adjusts the packet sending period, for example, the current packet sending period is adjusted to be large, small, or unchanged.
  • the first UE is determined from the UEs in the cell.
  • the base station needs to adjust the packet sending period of all the UEs in the scheduling queue, determine a unified packet sending period, and send the late packet to all UEs in the cell through the SIB, so that each UE in the cell will be current.
  • the delivery period is adjusted to a uniform delivery period, so that all UEs in the cell use the same delivery period;
  • Strategy four instructing the first UE to perform multi-carrier load balancing or multi-carrier coordination
  • the fifth method indicates that the first UE transmits the service packet through the Uu interface.
  • the base station determines, by the UE in the coverage of the base station, a first UE.
  • the base station determines, from the UEs within the coverage of the base station, that the UE needs to be relieved according to the congestion control policy, that is, the first UE.
  • the base station may determine, according to the priority of the different UEs, the priority of the service type, and the priority level of the logical channel group, which UEs can be used as the first UE to perform the packet transmission period adjustment; and determine which ones are based on the congestion control status identifiers reported by the UE.
  • the UE may perform the packet transmission period adjustment as the first UE; the base station itself confirms which UE needs to change the packet sending period; the base station itself determines which UE needs to send the service packet through the Uu interface.
  • the base station sends indication information to the first UE, where the indication information carries the congestion control policy.
  • the base station sends a congestion control policy to the first UE by using a radio resource control (RRC) signaling, a system information block (SIB), or a downlink control information (DCI).
  • RRC radio resource control
  • SIB system information block
  • DCI downlink control information
  • the first UE performs adjustment according to the congestion control policy.
  • a PC5 port is established between the UEs.
  • the first UE adjusts according to the congestion control policy to alleviate the state of congestion of the PC5 port.
  • the congestion control policy is specifically policy 1
  • the first UE performs packet loss processing on the service packet, that is, the UE whose transmission delay is greater than the delay threshold of the congestion control; if the congestion control policy is specifically a policy Second, the first UE adjusts the delivery period of the service packet, for example, increasing If the congestion control policy is specifically the third, the transmit power of the first UE is adjusted; if the congestion control policy is specifically the fourth, the AMC is adaptive; If the congestion control policy is specifically the policy five, the service packet is sent through the Uu interface.
  • the congestion control method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, after determining that the congestion control needs to be performed, the base station determines a congestion control policy, and determines, from the UE in the coverage of the base station, the first UE that needs to be adjusted according to the congestion control policy, and then The congestion control policy is sent to the first UE, so that the first UE performs adjustment to alleviate the congestion state of the PC5 port.
  • the base station controls all the UEs in the coverage of the base station to solve the problem of poor security assistance caused by the distributed congestion control strategy of the 802.11P, that is, the centralized congestion control of the base station improves the vehicle. Safety aids.
  • the first embodiment above can be understood as a process of centralized congestion control of a base station. Then, after the first UE sends the scheduling request, if the first UE does not receive the scheduling of the base station after the timer waits for the timeout, and the first UE finds congestion, it automatically performs some actions to alleviate the congestion, and the UE performs the autonomous process.
  • the behavior is the process of UE assisted congestion control. Next, the process of the UE assisted congestion control of the present invention will be described in detail.
  • the listening mechanism is started, and after the PC5 port is congested, the UE behavior is automatically selected to reduce the congestion state.
  • Autonomous behaviors include:
  • the first behavior the first UE adjustment period.
  • the first UE adjusts the sending period of the application layer, or the sending period of the SR, or adjusts the sending period of the UE by setting a timer.
  • the second behavior when the first UE sets the packet sending interval to exceed the preset threshold by using the timer, performs resource allocation in a contention manner; otherwise, performs packet loss processing;
  • the third behavior the first UE determines whether the load of the resource port of the PC5 port or the resource pool (Resource Block, RB) exceeds the preset threshold. If the value exceeds, the PC5 port congestion status indication is reported to the base station.
  • resource Block Resource Block
  • the fourth behavior instructs the UE to discard the data packet.
  • the UE is distributed by the UE based on the centralized congestion control based on the base station. Plug control further enhances the safety aid.
  • FIG. 3 is a signaling diagram of centralized control of a base station and distributed congestion control of a UE in a congestion control method according to the present invention, including:
  • the base station sends an SIB to the UE1.
  • the base station sends a system information block to the UE1, broadcasts the resource configuration of the current cell, and multiplexes the ProSeComnPoolist in the current SIB18.
  • the base station establishes an RRC connection with the UE1.
  • the base station completes RRC reconfiguration with UE1.
  • the base station receives the SR/BSR request sent by the UE1.
  • the base station performs centralized congestion control.
  • the base station receives the congestion status information of the PC5 port reported by the UE1.
  • the base station receives the congestion status information of the PC5 port reported by the UE2.
  • the base station receives the PC5 port congestion status information reported by the UE through a Media Access Control Element (MAC CE), RRC signaling, and a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH).
  • MAC CE Media Access Control Element
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel
  • the base station sends indication information to the UE1, where the information carries a congestion control policy.
  • the base station sends indication information to the UE2, where the information carries a congestion control policy.
  • the base station after determining the congestion control policy, the base station sends the UE to the UE through RRC signaling, DCI, or SIB.
  • the control strategy is, for example, the first to the fifth in the embodiment 102 of FIG. 2 described above.
  • the UE1 adjusts according to the congestion control policy to alleviate the congestion state of the PC5 port.
  • the UE2 adjusts according to the congestion control policy to alleviate the congestion state of the PC5 port.
  • the UE performs adjustment according to the congestion control policy to implement centralized congestion control of the base station.
  • the base station sends the indication information to the UE1, instructing the UE1 to alleviate the congestion state of the PC5 port through the Uu interface.
  • the base station sends the indication information to the UE2, and instructs the UE2 to alleviate the congestion state of the PC5 port through the Uu interface.
  • the base station ensures that the UE1 with a high priority preferentially accesses the network.
  • the base station ensures that the UE2 with high priority preferentially accesses the network.
  • the base station when a new UE, such as UE1 and UE2, accesses the network, the base station preferentially guarantees high-priority UE access and rejects low-priority UE access.
  • the UE1 performs VDC communication with the UE2 to implement distributed congestion control.
  • the UE1 performs resource allocation by using a resource competition manner.
  • the UE2 performs resource allocation by using a resource competition manner.
  • the congestion control strategy includes a congestion control startup phase and a congestion control adjustment phase.
  • the congestion control startup phase is started. Due to the real-time motion of the vehicle, the UE switches between cells or the new UE enters the cell, and the process of congestion control is a step-by-step adjustment process. After the congestion control is started, the congestion control phase is adjusted according to the strategy of setting different congestion control by the base station.
  • the statistical period includes Q resource pool scheduling allocation periods, Q ⁇ 1, and is an integer.
  • the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period is any one of Q resource pool scheduling allocation periods, Q ⁇ 1, 1 ⁇ Qi ⁇ Q And Q and Qi are integers;
  • a scheduling allocation can be understood as a set of time-frequency resources, which has a fixed period, which is a resource pool scheduling allocation period, which is recorded as SA period;
  • the packet sending period indicates the period during which the first VUE sends the service packet in the application layer in one statistical period.
  • the second step is to instruct the first VUE to adjust the period of sending packets.
  • the adjustment of the delivery period mainly includes the following possible implementation methods:
  • some VUEs within the coverage of the base station are scheduled in one statistical period, and the VUEs form a scheduling queue.
  • the number of VUEs authorized to be scheduled (represented by M) and the number of VUEs that are not authorized to be scheduled (represented by N) determine the first delivery period (the length is represented by T), and the first delivery period is greater than the current delivery period;
  • the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period is based on the number of VUEs authorized to be scheduled in the scheduling queue (the size is represented by Mi), the number of VUEs that are not authorized to be scheduled (the size is represented by Ni), and the delay of transmission waiting is greater than the congestion control.
  • the number of VUEs of the delay threshold (represented by Di) determines the number of first VUEs (the size is denoted by S).
  • the filtering parameters can be used. Representation) to further determine S,
  • the base station can autonomously determine which VUEs in the scheduling queue can be used as the first VUE. For example, the base station may set a timer for each VUE, and use the VUE with the longest waiting time in the timer as the first VUE.
  • FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram showing an example of adjusting a packet sending period from 100 ms to 200 ms in the congestion control method of the present invention
  • FIG. 4B is another method for charging a packet in the congestion control method according to the present invention.
  • the delivery period is the delivery period before adjustment.
  • the above process is a process of increasing the delivery period. Then, since the vehicle is moving in real time, the scheduling queue no longer satisfies the first condition and the second condition. At this time, the base station determines the second sending period, and the second sending period is smaller than the current sending period of the second VUE; The second VUE is determined, and the second VUE is a high priority VUE in the scheduling queue. The base station sends the indication information to the second VUE to instruct the second VUE to adjust the current delivery period to the second delivery period.
  • the default is 0.7, which can be flexibly configured, and select a certain number of VUEs in the Qi scheduling queue.
  • the sending period of the VUEs is reduced to the second sending period, then:
  • Number of second VUEs total number of RBs in the resource pool ⁇ (1 - congestion control RB utilization threshold) / The average number of RBs scheduled by each user during the statistical period;
  • the average number of RBs scheduled by each user in the statistical period the average number of RBs of all VUEs requesting VDC resources in the statistical period.
  • the second VUE selected from the scheduling users is the VUE with the largest packet sending period, and the sending period is changed to the second sending period.
  • the second sending period is configured by default for 100 ms, which can be flexibly configured.
  • all the high-priority VUE users are selected from the Qi scheduling queues to be preferentially adjusted for 100 ms, that is, the second delivery period is 100 ms, and the low-priority users are adjusted.
  • the scheduling resource allocation scheduling period is taken as the starting point, and the scheduling of the first N resource pools in the scheduling period of the resource pool is scheduled.
  • the high-priority user in the scheduling queue adjusts the size of the delivery period of the high-priority user in the scheduling queue in the first N resource pool scheduling allocation periods to the second delivery period.
  • the RB utilization rate of the Qi resource pool is greater than the congestion control RB utilization threshold, or the packet delivery period of all users in the first N resource pool scheduling allocation periods is adjusted to the second delivery period.
  • the VUE is not required to adjust the delivery period.
  • the congestion control policy specifically indicates that, for the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period, the base station determines the first sending period and the number of the first UE, where the first The sending period is an integer multiple of the sending period of the UE with the smallest packet sending period in the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period.
  • the base station determines the number of VUEs that exceed the delay threshold according to the scheduling period of each resource pool in the statistical period.
  • the delay threshold is 60 ms by default and can be flexibly configured.
  • the number of VUEs in which the delay of the transmission waiting in the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period is greater than the delay threshold of the congestion control may be used as the transmission waiting for the corresponding Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period in the next statistical period.
  • the reference amount of the number of VUEs whose delay is greater than the delay threshold of the congestion control is scheduled to be adjusted in advance to adjust the VUE service packet period, thereby saving the VUE service packet delay.
  • the VUE in which the delay of the transmission waiting is greater than the delay threshold of the congestion control may also be referred to as a VUE of the lost packet.
  • the ninth resource pool scheduling allocation period delay waiting for transmission delay is greater than the congestion control threshold of the delay threshold, respectively, as the next statistical period 0th to ninth resource pool scheduling allocation period transmission waiting
  • the reference quantity of the number of VUEs whose delay is greater than the delay threshold of the congestion control reduces the waiting delay of the queue to be scheduled, and avoids that the queue of the VUE to be scheduled exceeds the delay threshold.
  • the priority queue of the user to be scheduled needs to be considered to ensure that the high-priority VUE users do not lose packets and the low-priority VUE users lose packet balance.
  • the delay of the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period storage delay is greater than the VUE of the congestion control delay threshold, at this time, if the number of UEs that are authorized to be scheduled is ⁇ 2 ⁇ transmission waiting If the number of VUEs whose delay is greater than the delay threshold of the congestion control, the number of VUEs whose delays are greater than the delay threshold of the congestion control threshold is selected from the number of UEs that are authorized to be scheduled, and the VUEs of the VUEs are sent out.
  • the period of the VUE is adjusted to be an integer multiple of the minimum packet sending period, and the adjusted packet sending period is the first sending period.
  • the first packet transmission period (the delay of the transmission waiting is greater than the delay threshold of the congestion control) The number / number of UEs scheduled to be authorized), rounded up.
  • FIG. 5A is a schematic diagram showing another example of adjusting the packet sending period from 100 ms to 200 ms in the congestion control method of the present invention
  • FIG. 5B is another method for charging the packet in the congestion control method according to the present invention.
  • the first packet period is 200 ms, that is, adjusted to twice the minimum packet period; in FIG. 5B, the first packet period is 200 ms, that is, adjusted to 3 times the minimum packet period.
  • the above process is a process of increasing the delivery period. Then, since the vehicle is moving in real time, the scheduling queue no longer satisfies the first condition and the second condition. At this time, the base station determines the second sending period, and the second sending period is smaller than the current sending period of the second VUE; The second VUE is determined, and the second VUE is a high priority VUE in the scheduling queue. The base station sends the indication information to the second VUE to instruct the second VUE to adjust the current delivery period to the second delivery period.
  • the default when the resource pool RB utilization of the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period is less than the congestion control RB utilization threshold, the default is 0.7, which can be flexibly configured, and a certain number of scheduling queues are selected for the current resource pool scheduling allocation period.
  • VUE the default is one, which can be flexibly configured, and the selected VUE has the largest packet sending period.
  • the packet sending period is adjusted to the second sending period.
  • the default configuration is 100ms, which can be flexibly configured.
  • the scheduling of the first N resource pool scheduling allocation periods in the scheduling period of the current resource pool is started.
  • the high-priority user in the queue adjusts the size of the delivery period of the high-priority user in the scheduling queue in the first N resource pool scheduling allocation periods to 100 ms.
  • the RB utilization rate of the Qi resource pool is greater than the congestion control RB utilization threshold, or the packet delivery period of all users in the first N resource pool scheduling allocation periods is adjusted to 100 ms.
  • the second packet sending period is 100 ms. In practice, the second packet sending period may also be configured as other values.
  • the VUE is not required to adjust the delivery period.
  • the allocation period of the 10 resource pools in the statistic period (for example, 100 ms) is scheduled, and if the delay of the transmission waiting in the resource pool scheduling allocation period of the Qi (0 to 10) is greater than the delay of the congestion control
  • the number of VUEs of the threshold is >0.
  • the number of VUEs whose transmission waiting delay is greater than the delay threshold of the congestion control is compared with the number M of the VUEs authorized to be scheduled in the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period.
  • the VUE of the authorized scheduling is composed of two parts, a high-priority authorized scheduling VUE, and a low-priority authorized scheduling VUE.
  • the sending period of the VUE of the low priority authorized scheduling is preferentially increased to the first sending period, and when all the low priority authorized scheduling of the VUEs are issued. After being increased to the first sending period, if the congestion is still not alleviated, the sending period of the VUE of the high priority authorized scheduling is increased to the first sending period.
  • the sending period of the high-priority authorized scheduling VUE is effectively reduced to the second sending period, and all the high-priority authorized scheduling VUEs are reduced.
  • the utilization rate of RBs in the resource pool does not reach The threshold of the congestion control reduces the delivery period of the VUE of the low priority authorized scheduling to the second delivery period.
  • the VUE is not required to adjust the delivery period.
  • the first VUE is used to indicate that the first VUE is a VUE that is longer than the delay threshold of the congestion control, that is, the first VUE is instructed to drop the service packet, which is referred to as packet loss.
  • the service packet is discarded by the first VUE, and the following possible implementation manners are as follows:
  • the base station determines the first quantity, where the first quantity is the waiting time of the transmission in the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period of the current statistical period.
  • the base station determines the original number of the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period in the next statistical period, and the original number is the delay of the transmission waiting delay in the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period of the next statistical period, which is greater than the delay threshold of the congestion control.
  • the original number of a VUE, the second number the first number + the original number.
  • the base station ensures that the number of lost packets of the new user is the maximum or intermediate value of the number of lost packets among all users in the cell, so as to avoid continuous packet loss of the new user.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a packet loss scheme in a congestion control method according to the present invention.
  • the statistics period includes 10 resource pool scheduling allocation periods, that is, SA0 to SA9.
  • the resource pool RB utilization of the resource pool scheduling allocation period is greater than the resource utilization threshold of the congestion control, and the scheduling allocation period in each statistical period is that the delay of the transmission waiting is greater than the delay of the congestion control.
  • the number of VUEs of the threshold is greater than or equal to 0. At this time, the newly added number of lost packets in each scheduling allocation period is accumulated on the original basis.
  • the number of VUEs in which the delay of transmission waiting at time a is greater than the delay threshold of congestion control is a, and the number of VUEs in which the delay of transmission waiting at 100+a is greater than the delay threshold of congestion control is b, so, at 200
  • the number of lost packets at +a is a+b.
  • FIG. 7, is a schematic diagram of a packet loss accumulation process in the congestion control method of the present invention.
  • the filtering method is used to determine the fluctuation of the simulation adjustment amount. Assume filtering parameters To indicate that the delay of transmission wait is greater than the delay threshold of congestion control. among them, The default is 0.5.
  • step 1 the resource pool RB utilization of the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period is smaller than the congestion control RB utilization threshold, and the default value is 0.7, which can be flexibly configured, and the packet loss in the current resource pool scheduling allocation period is reduced.
  • the number of VUEs until the resource pool scheduling allocation period is 0 is 0. For example, if the number of VUEs of packet loss in the current resource pool scheduling allocation period is greater than 0, the number of VUEs in the current resource pool scheduling allocation period is greater than the number of VUEs in the congestion control delay threshold, until a certain value is obtained.
  • the number of VUEs in the current resource pool scheduling allocation period that are greater than the delay threshold of the congestion control delay threshold is zero.
  • Step 2 If the sum of the number of RBs of all the users to be scheduled in the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period is greater than the product of the total number of RBs and the multiplexing factor in the data resource pool of the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period (reuse is not When the switch is enabled, the reuse factor is set to 1; when the multiplexing is enabled, the reuse factor is 1+X, X is the average RB utilization rate of the multiplexed users in the statistical period), and the current resource pool scheduling allocation period is The number of VUEs whose transmission waiting delay is greater than the delay threshold of congestion control is greater than zero. among them, According to the principle of rotating packet loss, the number of VUEs that reduce the delay of transmission waiting is greater than the delay threshold of congestion control, and the amount of reduction is H.
  • Update the number of VUEs that are lost in the resource pool scheduling allocation period, and the number of VUEs whose transmission waiting delay is greater than the delay threshold of the congestion control the number of VUEs whose transmission waiting delay is greater than the delay threshold of the congestion control-H;
  • H the total number of RBs in the resource pool ⁇ (1 - congestion control RB utilization threshold) / the average number of RBs scheduled by each VUE in the queue to be scheduled.
  • the average number of RBs scheduled for each VUE in the queue to be scheduled the average number of RBs of all VUEs requesting VDC resources in the statistical period.
  • step 5 If the condition is met, go to step 5; otherwise, go to step 3.
  • Step 3 If the sum of the number of RBs of all the users to be scheduled in the scheduling allocation period of the Qi resource pool is smaller than the total number of RBs of the data resource pool in the scheduling allocation period of the Qi resource pool, the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period The number of lost packets is 0. That is, the number of VUEs that are lost in the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period is 0.
  • the sum of the number of RBs of all the users to be scheduled in the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period is smaller than the product of the total number of RBs of the data resource pool and the multiplexing factor in the scheduling allocation period of the Qi resource pools (when the multiplexing is not enabled, The value is 1; when the multiplexing is enabled, the value is 1+X, and X is the average RB utilization rate of the multiplexed users in the statistical period), and the delay of the transmission waiting at this time is greater than the VUE of the delay threshold of the congestion control.
  • the quantity is 0.
  • the queue to be scheduled in the resource pool scheduling allocation period is no longer processed.
  • Step 4 When the resource pool utilization rate is less than the congestion control RB utilization threshold, the scheduling queue is allocated in the first N resource pool scheduling allocation periods of the current resource pool scheduling period. The number of VUEs in which the transmission delay is greater than the congestion control threshold in the first N resource pool scheduling allocation periods is reduced until the RB utilization rate of the resource pool scheduling allocation period is greater than the RB utilization threshold of the congestion control or Until the number of lost VUEs in the first N resource pool scheduling allocation periods is zero. If there is no VUE whose transmission delay is greater than the delay threshold of the congestion control in the scheduling queue of the first N resource pool scheduling allocation periods, the decrement processing of the allocation scheduling period of the resource pool scheduling allocation scheduling is ended.
  • N (congestion control delay threshold / resource pool scheduling allocation period).
  • Step 5 End the process.
  • the base station determines a sequence in which the second number of first VUEs are the first VUEs whose transmission waiting delay is greater than the delay threshold of the congestion control, so that the second number of first VUEs are transmitted in order.
  • the waiting delay is greater than the first VUE of the congestion control delay threshold.
  • the number of times the handover VUE or the newly accessed VUE is the first VUE, and the maximum number of times of the second VUE as the first VUE Or average.
  • the user queues to be scheduled are respectively sorted according to the delay, and the SR/BSR newly applied resource allocation in the SA resource pool scheduling allocation period in the queue to be scheduled in the user queue to be scheduled. The number of users in turn is lost in turn.
  • the base station When the VUE is switched or a new user is accessed, the base station ensures that the number of lost packets of the new user is the maximum or intermediate value of the number of lost packets of all users in the cell.
  • the rotation Packet loss is performed on low-priority users to ensure that high-priority user service packets are not lost.
  • the low priority The user sends the service packet according to the maximum packet sending period of the V2X service model, and the high priority user uses the polling to supplement the packet loss processing.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a rotating packet loss process in a congestion control method according to the present invention.
  • the current number of packet loss of VUE1, VUE2, VUE5, and VUE6 is 2, as shown by the slash filled portion in the figure.
  • the current number of dropped packets of VUE3, VUE4, VUE7, and VUE8 is 3.
  • the corresponding time of the next statistical period that is, 100+c, when a new VUE9 is added to the scheduling queue, the initial number of packet loss is given to the VUE9, for example, three times, to prevent the number of packet loss of the VUE9 from increasing from 0 to 3, and the packet is lost. frequently.
  • the variable is first initialized, and each VUE_i accessed in the cell maintains a variable, and the initial value of the variable is -1. Whether the variable is greater than 0 in each 100ms period, if it is greater than 0, it is incremented by 1; the congestion control process is started.
  • the VUE priority queue to be scheduled is traversed, and the VUE whose delay exceeds the threshold is used for packet loss processing. Traversing the queue to be scheduled, preferentially scheduling VUEs with a variable greater than 5, and placing them in front of the queue to form a VUE priority queue to be scheduled. When the VUE This variable is updated to 0 when the schedule allocates resources successfully. Otherwise, do nothing.
  • the first VUE sends the service packet by:
  • Method 1 The first VUE adjusts the application layer sending period.
  • the base station sends the adjusted packet sending period to the first VUE, and the first VUE transmits the period to the application layer, so that the application layer sends the service packet according to the adjusted sending period.
  • Manner 2 The first VUE adjusts the formation SR transmission period.
  • the base station transmits the adjustment period configuration parameter to the VUE, and the VUE sets the SR timer according to the configuration period parameter (sr-ProhibitTimer-r9, where the value is 0 to 7, 0 means no timer), according to the SR timer x SR
  • the service packet is sent periodically.
  • the SR timer parameter is in the MAC-MainConfig Information element.
  • Mode 3 The VUE sets a timer to control the sending period.
  • the listening mechanism is started. After congestion is found, the VUE behavior is automatically selected to reduce the congestion state. For details, refer to the foregoing description about VUE assisting congestion control, and details are not described herein again.
  • the first VUE further determines whether the resource usage of the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period exceeds the congestion control usage threshold. If yes, the congestion status information is sent to the base station.
  • the resource utilization rate of the physical resource block (PRB) of the PC5 port is the basis for determining congestion. In the embodiment of the present invention, whether the PC5 port is congested is determined by the following two methods.
  • the first VUE determines whether each physical resource block PRB or the energy in a specific frequency domain on each transmission time interval TTI exceeds an energy detection threshold, if the statistical period exceeds If the ratio of the total number of PRBs of the congestion control energy detection threshold to the total number of PRBs in the statistical period exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined that the utilization of the resource pool exceeds the utilization threshold of the congestion control.
  • the size of the listening window is 1000 ms, and the maximum transmission delay of the V2V service packet is 100 ms. Therefore, the statistics of the PRB resource utilization of the PC5 port are counted in the statistics period.
  • the resource pool division There are two statistical methods according to the resource pool division:
  • the scheduling allocation resource pool and the data resource pool are frequency division and discontinuous transmission (same subframe or different subframes), and energy detection is performed only for the data resource pool;
  • S th represents a demodulation threshold of energy
  • N PRB represents the total number of PRB on each energy detection requires the TTI
  • the first VUE determines whether the average energy of each physical resource block PRB of the sub-band PRB group exceeds the energy detection threshold in the statistical period, and if the total number of PRBs exceeding the congestion control energy detection threshold in the statistical period and the total period in the statistical period If the ratio of the number of PRBs exceeds the preset threshold, it is determined that the utilization of the resource pool exceeds the utilization threshold of the congestion control.
  • the scheduling resource pool in the data resource pool is demodulated incorrectly and satisfies the energy detection threshold; whether the measured energy meets the threshold can be measured for each PRB on each TTI.
  • the scheduling allocation resource pool demodulates the number of PRBs in the frequency domain of the corresponding data resource pool and satisfies the energy detection threshold; whether the measured energy meets the threshold can be per TTI The energy measured on each PRB or the energy measured by the PRB averaged per subband.
  • the above is a description of the centralized congestion control of the base station in the IC scenario and the secondary congestion control of the VUE.
  • the VUE distributed congestion control in the OOC scenario is described in detail below.
  • the PC5 port is in a congested state
  • the low threshold (Thr DownLimit ) and the high threshold (Thr UpLimit ) are respectively 60% and 90%, which can be set according to the background parameters.
  • Step 1 (a) When the PRB resource utilization of the PC5 interface is greater than the congestion control high threshold (Thr UpLimit ), the following is performed: determining whether the VUE receives the correct allocation ratio in all resource pool scheduling allocation periods in the statistical period. The threshold is met, the default setting is 0, and it can be adjusted.
  • the congestion control high threshold Thr UpLimit
  • the VUE adaptively adjusts the N value according to the packet sending period of its own application layer:
  • N 2;
  • the transmission period of the VUE is increased, for example, by 100 ms.
  • the new delivery period is the minimum value in the increased delivery period and maximum delivery period, and the maximum delivery period is 500ms by default.
  • Step 2 When the PRB resource utilization of the PC5 port is less than the congestion control low threshold (Thr DownLimit ), the following is performed:
  • the VUE adaptively adjusts the M value according to the packet sending period of its own application layer:
  • the VUE's delivery period is reduced: for example, by 100 ms.
  • the new delivery period is the reduced delivery period and the minimum value of 100ms.
  • Variable initialization range random number 0;
  • 100ms indicates the lowest delivery period of VUE.
  • Step 3 When the PRB resource utilization of the PC5 port is between the congestion control threshold [Thr DownLimit , TThr UpLimit ], the congestion control reaches an equilibrium state, and the period of the VUE is not adjusted.
  • Step 4 End the congestion control process in the statistical period.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of a base station according to the present invention.
  • the base station provided in this embodiment can implement various steps of the method applied to the base station provided by any embodiment of the present invention.
  • the base station provided in this embodiment includes:
  • the processing module 11 is configured to determine congestion control of the terminal UE in the coverage of the base station, determine a congestion control policy, and determine a first UE from the UEs in the coverage of the base station, where the first UE is required to be The congestion control policy mitigates a congested UE;
  • the transceiver module 12 is configured to send indication information to the first UE, where the indication information carries the congestion control policy, so that the first UE performs adjustment according to the congestion control policy.
  • the base station determines a congestion control policy after determining that congestion control is required, and determines, from a UE in the coverage of the base station, a first UE that needs to be adjusted according to a congestion control policy, and then adopts a congestion control policy. Sending to the first UE, the first UE is adjusted to alleviate the congestion state of the PC5 port.
  • the base station controls all the UEs in the coverage of the base station to solve the problem of poor security assistance caused by the distributed congestion control strategy of the 802.11P, that is, the centralized congestion control of the base station improves the vehicle. Safety aids.
  • the processing module 11 is specifically configured to determine whether the number of transmissions of the UE in the coverage of the base station meets a preset number of transmissions, if the preset transmission is met. If the number of transmissions is determined, it is determined whether the UE in the coverage of the base station satisfies the condition of congestion control, and if the condition of the congestion control is met, it is determined to perform congestion control on the UE in the coverage of the base station.
  • the congestion control condition includes a first condition and/or a second condition, where
  • the sum of the resource requirements of the UEs in the coverage of the base station is greater than the available resources for direct communication between the UEs in the UE in the coverage of the base station;
  • the delay of the transmission waiting of the at least one UE is greater than the delay threshold of the congestion control.
  • the congestion control policy specifically indicates that the first UE is adjusted in a statistical period, where the statistics period includes Q resource pool scheduling allocation periods, and the Qi resource pool scheduling
  • the allocation period is any one of the Q resource pool scheduling allocation periods, where Q ⁇ 1, 1 ⁇ Qi ⁇ Q, and the Q and the Qi are integers.
  • the processing module 11 is specifically configured to: in the congestion control policy, specifically, that the first UE adjusts a current packet sending period to a first sending period in the statistical period. Determining, according to the number of UEs that are authorized to be scheduled in the scheduling queue, and the number of UEs that are not authorized to be scheduled, the first sending period is greater than the current sending period, and the UE in the scheduling queue a UE corresponding to the statistical period; for the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period, the base station according to the number of UEs authorized to be scheduled in the scheduling queue, the number of UEs not authorized to be scheduled, and the transmission waiting The number of UEs whose delay is greater than the delay threshold of the congestion control determines the number of the first UE.
  • the processing module 11 is further configured to: determine that the resource utilization rate of the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period is less than a resource utilization threshold of the congestion control; and determine the second sending packet.
  • a second packet period is smaller than a current packet sending period of the second UE;
  • a second UE is determined from the scheduling queue, and the second UE is a high priority UE in the scheduling queue;
  • the transceiver module 12 is further configured to send indication information to the second UE, to indicate that the second UE adjusts a current packet sending period to the second packet sending period.
  • the processing module 11 is specifically configured to: when the congestion control policy specifically indicates that the first UE adjusts the current sending period to the first sending period in the statistical period, The base station determines the first round for the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period And a packet period and an amount of the first UE, where the first packet sending period is an integer multiple of a packet sending period of a UE with a minimum packet sending period in the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period.
  • the processing module 11 is further configured to determine that a resource utilization threshold of the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period is less than a resource utilization threshold of the congestion control, and determine a second sending packet.
  • a second packet period is smaller than a current packet sending period of the second UE;
  • a second UE is determined from the scheduling queue, and the second UE is a high priority UE in the scheduling queue;
  • the transceiver module 12 is further configured to send indication information to the second UE, to indicate that the second UE adjusts a packet sending period to the second packet sending period.
  • the processing module 11 is specifically configured to: when the congestion control policy specifically indicates that the base station delays the transmission according to the current statistical period, the delay is greater than the delay threshold of the congestion control.
  • the number of the first UEs, when the number of the first UEs in the next statistical period is greater than the number of the first UEs in the current statistical period, Determining, by the base station, the first number, where the first number is the number of the first UEs in which the delay of the transmission waiting in the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period of the current statistical period is greater than the delay threshold of the congestion control; a Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period of a statistical period, the base station determining a second quantity according to the first quantity, where the second quantity is within a scheduling allocation period of the Qi resource pool of the next statistical period The delay of the transmission waiting is greater than the final number of the first UE of the congestion control delay threshold.
  • the processing module 11 is specifically configured to determine an original quantity of the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period of the next statistical period, where the original quantity is the next one.
  • the processing module 11 is further configured to determine that a resource utilization rate of the Qi resource pool scheduling allocation period of the statistical period is less than a resource utilization threshold of the congestion control; The first number is small.
  • the processing module 11 is further configured to indicate that the second number of first UEs are in turn as UEs whose transmission waiting delay is greater than a delay threshold of congestion control.
  • the processing module 11 is further configured to determine that a handover occurs.
  • the UE or the newly accessed UE as the first UE, the number of times the handover UE or the newly accessed UE is the first UE, and the first number of UEs as the first UE The maximum or average value of the number of UEs.
  • the processing module 11 is further configured to: instruct the first UE to send a service packet by using a Uu interface, where the Uu interface is between the base station and the first UE Air interface for wireless communications.
  • the congestion control policy specifically indicates that the first UE adjusts transmit power, adaptive modulation and coding AMC, or multi-carrier load balancing.
  • the transceiver module 12 is specifically configured to send the indication information to the first UE by using downlink control information DCI or radio resource control RRC.
  • the processing module 11 is specifically configured to: in the congestion control policy, specifically, that the first UE adjusts a current packet sending period to a first sending period in the statistical period. And determining to adjust a current packet sending period of all UEs in the coverage of the base station to the first sending period;
  • the transceiver module 12 is specifically configured to send indication information to the first UE by using a system information block SIB, where the first UE is any UE in the coverage of the base station.
  • SIB system information block
  • the transceiver module 12 is further configured to receive PC5 port congestion status information reported by the UE included in the scheduling queue;
  • the processing module 11 is specifically configured to determine, according to the PC5 port congestion state information, the first UE from the UEs included in the scheduling queue.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of a terminal according to the present invention.
  • the terminal provided in this embodiment can implement various steps of the method applied to the terminal provided by any embodiment of the present invention.
  • the terminal provided in this embodiment includes:
  • the transceiver module 21 is configured to receive indication information sent by the base station, where the indication information carries a congestion control policy, where the congestion control policy is determined by the base station after determining that congestion control is required for the UE in the coverage of the base station. of;
  • the processing module 22 is configured to perform adjustment according to the congestion control policy.
  • the terminal provided by the embodiment of the present invention receives the indication information of the congestion control policy sent by the base station, and adjusts according to the congestion control policy to alleviate the congestion state of the PC5 port.
  • all the UEs in the coverage of the base station are centrally controlled by the base station to solve the distribution of 802.11P.
  • the problem of poor safety assistance caused by the congestion control strategy is that the centralized safety congestion control of the base station improves the safety assistance effect on the vehicle.
  • the transceiver module 21 is further configured to send a scheduling request.
  • the processing module 22 is further configured to: determine that the scheduling request is not responded by the base station after the timer expires, or determine that the PC5 port of the first UE is congested, and then assist in congestion control.
  • the processing module 22 is specifically configured to perform at least one of the following auxiliary congestion control behaviors:
  • the first behavior adjusting the delivery period, and/or scheduling the transmission period of the allocation request
  • the second behavior detecting whether the timer expires, and if it times out, requesting resources through resource competition;
  • the third behavior is: sending, to the base station, PC5 port congestion status information;
  • the fourth behavior the UE that is the delay of the transmission waiting is greater than the delay threshold of the congestion control, the first UE discards the service packet.
  • the congestion control policy specifically indicates that the first UE is adjusted in a statistical period, where the statistics period includes Q resource pool scheduling allocation periods, and the Qi resource pool scheduling
  • the allocation period is any one of the Q resource pool scheduling allocation periods, where Q ⁇ 1, 1 ⁇ Qi ⁇ Q, and the Q and the Qi are integers.
  • the processing module 22 is specifically configured to: when the congestion control policy specifically indicates that the first UE adjusts a current packet sending period to a first sending period in a statistical period, The first UE sends the current packet sending period to the first sending period, and the first sending period is greater than the current sending period.
  • the processing module 22 is further configured to adjust the first sending period to a second sending period, where the second sending period is smaller than the first sending period.
  • the transceiver module 21 is specifically configured to receive DCI information sent by the base station, where the DCI information indicates that the delay of the first UE as a transmission waiting is greater than congestion control. UE with latency threshold.
  • the processing module 22 is further configured to determine whether a resource usage of the statistics period exceeds a utilization threshold of a congestion control
  • the transceiver module 21 is further configured to determine, in the processing module 22, the statistics period When the utilization of the source exceeds the utilization threshold of the congestion control, the congestion status information is sent to the base station.
  • the processing module 22 is specifically configured to determine whether the energy on each physical resource block PRB in each transmission time interval TTI in the statistical period exceeds an energy detection threshold. If the ratio of the total number of PRBs exceeding the congestion control energy detection threshold to the total number of PRBs in the statistical period exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined that the utilization of the resource pool exceeds the utilization threshold of the congestion control.
  • the processing module 22 is specifically configured to determine whether an average energy of each physical resource block PRB of the sub-band PRB group in the statistical period exceeds an energy detection threshold, if the statistics are If the ratio of the total number of PRBs exceeding the congestion control energy detection threshold to the total number of PRBs in the statistical period exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined that the resource pool utilization exceeds the congestion control utilization threshold.
  • the transceiver module 21 is specifically configured to receive indication information that is sent by the base station by using downlink control information DCI, radio resource control RRC, or system information block SIB.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of a base station according to the present invention.
  • the base station provided in this example includes a processor 31, a memory 32, a communication interface 33, and a system bus 34.
  • the memory 32 and the communication interface 33 are connected to the processor 31 through the system bus 34 and complete each other.
  • Communication the memory 32 is for storing computer execution instructions
  • the communication interface 33 is for communicating with other devices
  • the processor 31 is configured to run the computer to execute instructions to cause the base station to perform the above application to the base station. The various steps of the method.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of a terminal according to the present invention.
  • the terminal provided in this example includes a processor 41, a memory 42, a communication interface 43, and a system bus 44, and the memory 42 and the communication interface 43 are connected to the processor 41 through the system bus 44 and complete each other.
  • Communication the memory 42 is for storing computer execution instructions
  • the communication interface 43 is for communicating with other devices
  • the processor 41 is configured to run the computer to execute instructions to enable the terminal to perform the above application to the terminal. The various steps of the method.
  • the system bus mentioned in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 above may be a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus or an extended industry standard architecture (EISA) bus.
  • PCI peripheral component interconnect
  • EISA extended industry standard architecture
  • the system bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like.
  • the communication interface is used to implement communication between the database access device and other devices such as clients, read-write libraries, and read-only libraries.
  • the memory may include random access memory (RAM), and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage.
  • the above processor may be a general-purpose processor, including a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), etc.; or may be a digital signal processing (DSP), dedicated integration.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • NP network processor
  • DSP digital signal processing
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • FPGA Field-Programmable Gate Array
  • the foregoing program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and the program is executed when executed.
  • the foregoing steps include the steps of the foregoing method embodiments; and the foregoing storage medium includes: a medium that can store program codes, such as a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

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Abstract

本发明实施例提供一种拥塞控制方法、基站及终端，基站在确定出需要进行拥塞控制后，确定出拥塞控制策略，并从基站覆盖范围内的UE确定出需要根据拥塞控制策略进行调整的第一UE，然后将拥塞控制策略发送给第一UE，使得第一UE进行调整以缓解PC5口的拥塞状态。该过程中，通过基站对本基站覆盖范围内的所有UE进行集中控制，解决802.11P的分布式拥塞控制策略带来的安全辅助效果差的问题，即通过基站集中式拥塞控制，提高了对车辆的安全辅助效果。

Description

拥塞控制方法、基站及终端 技术领域
本发明实施例涉及智能交通技术，尤其涉及一种拥塞控制方法、基站及终端。
背景技术
随着通信技术的发展，各种设备到设备(Device to Device，D2D)的通信被广泛应用，例如，被用于车与万物(Vehicle-to-Everything，V2X)之间的通信，V2X之间的通信包括车辆与车辆(Vehicle to Vehicle，V2V)之间的通信、车辆与基础设施(Vehicle-to-Infrastructure，V2I)之间的通信、车辆与人(Vehicle-to-Pedestrian，V2P)之间的通信等等。
现有车车通信技术，采用802.11P的分布式拥塞控制机制，VUE之间通过载波监听多路访问(Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection，CSMA/CD)机制侦听信道的“忙”/“闲”来退避或分配资源。
V2X通信中，在LTE频段或专用频段上进行车辆终端(Vehicle User Equipment，VUE)与外界的通信，连接VUE与VUE、路、人等，实现高安全的交通协调辅助。在城区场景或者VUE分布比较密集的场景下，因资源池容量受限，造成VUE之间业务包传输时间过大，各个VUE发送业务包的干扰很大，降低VUE业务包的包接收率(Packet Delivery Ratio，PDR)，最终导致对车辆进行的安全辅助效果有限。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种拥塞控制方法、基站及终端，通过拥塞控制提高对车辆的安全辅助效果的目的。
第一方面，本发明实施例提供一种拥塞控制方法，该方法是从基站的角度描述，该方法中，基站在确定出需要进行拥塞控制后，确定出拥塞控制策略，并从基站覆盖范围内的UE确定出需要根据拥塞控制策略进行调整的第一UE，然后将拥塞控制策略发送给第一UE，使得第一UE进行调整以缓解 PC5口的拥塞状态。
通过该方法，基站对本基站覆盖范围内的所有UE进行集中控制，解决802.11P的分布式拥塞控制策略带来的安全辅助效果差的问题，即通过基站集中式拥塞控制，提高了对车辆的安全辅助效果。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述基站确定对所述基站覆盖范围内的UE进行拥塞控制，具体为：所述基站确定所述基站覆盖范围内的UE的传输次数是否满足预设传输次数；若满足所述预设传输次数，则确定所述基站覆盖范围内的UE是否满足拥塞控制的条件；若满足拥塞控制的条件，则确定对所述基站覆盖范围内的UE进行拥塞控制。
上述方法中，基站通过对传输次数以及资源池的利用率进行判断，根据判断结果确定是否触发基站集中拥塞控制，避免拥塞控制的盲目性。
在一种可行的实现方式中，上述的拥塞控制条件包括第一条件和/或第二条件，其中，所述第一条件下，所述基站覆盖范围内的UE的资源需求总和大于所述基站覆盖范围内的UE中各UE间直接通信的可利用资源；
所述第二条件下，所述基站覆盖范围内的UE中，至少一个UE传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述第一UE在统计周期内进行调整，所述统计周期包括Q个资源池调度分配周期，第Qi个资源池调度分配周期为所述Q个资源池调度分配周期内的任意一个，所述Q≥1，1≤Qi≤Q，且所述Q、所述Qi为整数。
上述方法中，基站对覆盖范围内的UE进行拥塞控制时，具体到每个统计周期，进而具体到每个统计周期的资源池调度分配周期，实现精细的集中式拥塞控制。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述第一UE在所述统计周期内将当前发包周期调整为第一发包周期，所述基站确定拥塞控制策略，具体为：所述基站根据调度队列中被授权调度的UE数，以及未被授权调度的UE数，确定所述第一发包周期，所述第一发包周期大于所述当前发包周期，所述调度队列中的UE为与所述统计周期对应的UE；
对于所述第Qi个资源池调度分配周期，所述基站根据所述调度队列中被授权调度的UE数、未被授权调度的UE数，以及传输等待的时延大于拥塞控 制的时延门限的UE数，确定所述第一UE的数量。
上述方法中，基站通过对统计周期中UE的发包周期进行调整以实现拥塞控制。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述基站确定所述第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内资源的利用率小于拥塞控制的资源利用率门限；所述基站确定第二发包周期，所述第二发包周期小于第二UE的当前发包周期；所述基站从所述调度队列中确定出第二UE，所述第二UE为所述调度队列中的高优先级UE；所述基站向所述第二UE发送指示信息，以指示所述第二UE将当前发包周期调整为所述第二发包周期。
上述方法中，当资源池的利用率低于拥塞控制的利用率门限时，通过将发包周期减小，从而提高资源池中资源的利用率。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述拥塞控制策略具体指示第一UE在所述统计周期内将当前发包周期调整为第一发包周期，所述基站确定拥塞控制策略，包括：
对于所述第Qi个资源池调度分配周期，所述基站确定所述第一发包周期以及所述第一UE的数量，所述第一发包周期为所述第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内发包周期最小的UE的发包周期的整数倍。
上述方法中，基站对每个资源池调度分配周期内UE的发包周期进行调整，实现精细的集中式拥塞控制。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述基站确定所述第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内资源的利用率小于拥塞控制的资源利用率门限；
所述基站确定第二发包周期，所述第二发包周期小于第二UE的当前发包周期；
所述基站从所述调度队列中确定出第二UE，所述第二UE为所述调度队列中的高优先级UE；
所述基站向所述第二UE发送指示信息，以指示所述第二UE将发包周期调整为所述第二发包周期。
上述方法中，当资源池的利用率低于拥塞控制的利用率门限时，通过将发包周期减小，从而提高资源池中资源的利用率。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述基站根据当 前统计周期的传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的第一UE的数量，确定出下一个统计周期传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的第一UE的数量，所述基站确定拥塞控制策略，具体为：对于所述当前统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期，所述基站确定第一数量，所述第一数量为所述当前统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的第一UE的数量；
对于所述下一个统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期，所述基站根据所述第一数量，确定第二数量，所述第二数量为所述下一个统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内，传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的第一UE的最终数量。
上述方法中，基站根据上一个统计周期中传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的UE的数量，确定出本统计周期中传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的UE的数量，进而对本周期提前进行轮流丢包处理，提高了拥塞控制的效果。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述基站根据所述第一数量，确定第二数量，包括：
所述基站确定所述下一个统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期的原始数量，所述原始数量为所述下一个统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的第一UE的原始数量，所述第二数量＝所述第一数量+所述原始数量。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述基站确定所述统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内资源的利用率小于拥塞控制的资源利用率门限；所述基站减小所述第一数量。
上述方法中，当资源池的利用率低于拥塞控制的利用率门限时，减少丢包的UE的数量，从而提供资源池的利用率。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述基站确指示所述第二数量的第一UE轮流作为传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的UE。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述基站确定发生切换的UE或者新接入的UE作为所述第一UE，所述发生切换的UE或者新接入的UE作为所述第一UE的次数，为所述第二数量的UE中作为所述第一UE的次数的最大值或平 均值。
上述方法中，通过对发生切换的UE或者新接入的UE的丢包次数赋值，避免发生切换的UE或者新接入的UE丢包数量过大。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述拥塞控制策略具体为指示所述第一UE通过Uu口发送业务包，所述Uu口为所述基站与所述第一UE之间无线通信的空中接口。
上述方法中，通过指示UE在Uu口发送业务包，从而缓解PC5口的拥塞状态。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述第一UE调整发射功率、自适应调制编码AMC或多载波负载均衡。
上述方法中，基站通过指示UE对发射功率进行调整、进行AMC自适应、负载均衡等，实现拥塞控制。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述基站向所述第一UE发送指示信息，包括：所述基站通过下行控制信息DCI或无线资源控制RRC向所述第一UE发送所述指示信息。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述第一UE在所述统计周期内将当前发包周期调整为第一发包周期，所述基站确定拥塞控制策略，包括：所述基站确定将所述基站覆盖范围内的所有UE的当前发包周期调整为所述第一发包周期；
所述基站向所述第一UE发送指示信息，包括：
所述基站通过系统信息块SIB向所述第一UE发送指示信息，所述第一UE为所述基站覆盖范围内的任意UE。
上述方法中，基站通过SIB将拥塞控制策略发送给UE，使得基站覆盖范围内的UE将发包周期调整为统一的第一发包周期。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述基站接收所述调度队列包含的UE上报的PC5口拥塞状态信息；
所述基站从所述调度队列包含的UE中确定出第一UE，包括：
所述基站根据所述PC5口拥塞状态信息，从所述调度队列包含的UE中确定出第一UE。
第二方面，本发明实施例提供一种拥塞控制方法，该方法是从终端的角 度描述，该方法中，第一终端UE在接收基站发送的指示信息后，根据拥塞控制策略进行调整以缓解PC5口的拥塞状态，其中，所述拥塞控制策略为所述基站在确定出需要对所述基站覆盖范围内的UE进行拥塞控制后确定出的。
上述方法中，通过接收基站发送的携带拥塞控制策略的指示信息，根据拥塞控制策略进行调整以缓解PC5口的拥塞状态。该过程中，通过基站对本基站覆盖范围内的所有UE进行集中控制，解决802.11P的分布式拥塞控制策略带来的安全辅助效果差的问题，即通过基站集中式拥塞控制，提高了对车辆的安全辅助效果。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述第一UE发送调度请求；
所述第一UE确定所述调度请求在定时器超时后未被所述基站响应，或确定出所述第一UE的PC5口发生拥塞，则辅助进行拥塞控制。
上述方法中，UE在基站集中式拥塞控制的基础上，进行辅助拥塞控制，实现基站集中式拥塞控制为主、UE辅助拥塞控制为辅的拥塞控制。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述第一UE辅助进行拥塞控制包括下述行为中的至少一个：
第一行为、所述第一UE调整发包周期，和/或，调度分配请求的发送周期；
第二行为、所述第一UE检测定时器是否超时，若超时，则通过资源竞争方式请求资源；
第三行为、所述第一UE向所述基站发送PC5口拥塞状态信息；
第四行为、所述第一UE作为传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的UE，所述第一UE丢弃业务包。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述第一UE在统计周期内进行调整，所述统计周期包括Q个资源池调度分配周期，第Qi个资源池调度分配周期为所述Q个资源池调度分配周期内的任意一个，所述Q≥1，1≤Qi≤Q，且所述Q、所述Qi为整数。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述第一UE在统计周期将当前发包周期调整为第一发包周期，所述第一UE根据所述拥塞控制策略进行调整以缓解PC5口拥塞的状态，包括：
对于所述第Qi个资源池调度分配周期，所述第一UE将所述当前发包周 期调整为所述第一发包周期，所述第一发包周期大于所述当前发包周期。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述第一UE将所述第一发包周期调整为第二发包周期，所述第二发包周期小于所述第一发包周期。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述第一UE接收所述基站发送的DCI信息，所述DCI信息指示所述第一UE作为传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的UE。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述第一UE确定所述统计周期的资源的利用率是否超过拥塞控制的利用率门限，若超过，则向所述基站发送拥塞状态信息。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述第一UE确定所述统计周期的资源的利用率是否超过拥塞控制的利用率门限，包括：
所述第一UE确定所述统计周期内每个传输时间间隔TTI上的每个物理资源块PRB上的能量是否超过能量检测门限，若所述统计周期内超过拥塞控制能量检测门限的PRB的总数与所述统计周期内总的PRB数的比值超过预设门限值，则确定资源池的利用率超过拥塞控制的利用率门限。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述第一UE确定所述统计周期的资源的利用率是否超过拥塞控制的利用率门限，包括：
所述第一UE确定所述统计周期内子带PRB组的每个物理资源块PRB的平均能量是否超过能量检测门限，若所述统计周期内超过拥塞控制能量检测门限的PRB的总数与所述统计周期内总的PRB数的比值超过预设门限值，则确定资源池的利用率超过拥塞控制的利用率门限。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述第一UE接收基站发送的指示信息，包括：
所述第一UE接收所述基站通过下行控制信息DCI、无线资源控制RRC或系统信息块SIB发送的指示信息。
第三方面，本发明实施例提供一种基站，包括：
处理模块，用于确定对所述基站覆盖范围内的终端UE进行拥塞控制，确定拥塞控制策略，从所述基站覆盖范围内的UE中确定出第一UE，所述第一UE为需要根据所述拥塞控制策略缓解拥塞的UE；
收发模块，用于向所述第一UE发送指示信息，所述指示信息携带所述 拥塞控制策略，以使得所述第一UE根据所述拥塞控制策略进行调整。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述处理模块，具体用于确定所述基站覆盖范围内的UE的传输次数是否满足预设传输次数，若满足所述预设传输次数，则确定所述基站覆盖范围内的UE是否满足拥塞控制的条件，若满足拥塞控制的条件，则确定对所述基站覆盖范围内的UE进行拥塞控制。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述拥塞控制条件包括第一条件和/或第二条件，其中，
所述第一条件下，所述基站覆盖范围内的UE的资源需求总和大于所述基站覆盖范围内的UE中各UE间直接通信的可利用资源；
所述第二条件下，所述基站覆盖范围内的UE中，至少一个UE传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述第一UE在统计周期内进行调整，所述统计周期包括Q个资源池调度分配周期，第Qi个资源池调度分配周期为所述Q个资源池调度分配周期内的任意一个，所述Q≥1，1≤Qi≤Q，且所述Q、所述Qi为整数。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述处理模块，具体用于在所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述第一UE在所述统计周期内将当前发包周期调整为第一发包周期时，根据调度队列中被授权调度的UE数，以及未被授权调度的UE数，确定所述第一发包周期，所述第一发包周期大于所述当前发包周期，所述调度队列中的UE为与所述统计周期对应的UE；对于所述第Qi个资源池调度分配周期，所述基站根据所述调度队列中被授权调度的UE数、未被授权调度的UE数，以及传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的UE数，确定所述第一UE的数量。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述处理模块，还用于确定所述第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内资源的利用率小于拥塞控制的资源利用率门限；确定第二发包周期，所述第二发包周期小于第二UE的当前发包周期；从所述调度队列中确定出第二UE，所述第二UE为所述调度队列中的高优先级UE；
所述收发模块，还用于向所述第二UE发送指示信息，以指示所述第二UE将当前发包周期调整为所述第二发包周期。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述处理模块，具体用于在所述拥塞控制策 略具体指示第一UE在所述统计周期内将当前发包周期调整为第一发包周期时，对于所述第Qi个资源池调度分配周期，所述基站确定所述第一发包周期以及所述第一UE的数量，所述第一发包周期为所述第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内发包周期最小的UE的发包周期的整数倍。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述处理模块，还用于确定所述第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内资源的利用率小于拥塞控制的资源利用率门限，确定第二发包周期，所述第二发包周期小于第二UE的当前发包周期；从所述调度队列中确定出第二UE，所述第二UE为所述调度队列中的高优先级UE；
所述收发模块，还用于向所述第二UE发送指示信息，以指示所述第二UE将发包周期调整为所述第二发包周期。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述处理模块，具体用于在所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述基站根据当前统计周期的传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的第一UE的数量，确定出下一个统计周期传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的第一UE的数量时，对于所述当前统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期，所述基站确定第一数量，所述第一数量为所述当前统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的第一UE的数量；对于所述下一个统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期，所述基站根据所述第一数量，确定第二数量，所述第二数量为所述下一个统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内，传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的第一UE的最终数量。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述处理模块，具体用于确定所述下一个统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期的原始数量，所述原始数量为所述下一个统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的第一UE的原始数量，所述第二数量＝所述第一数量+所述原始数量。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述处理模块，还用于确定所述统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内资源的利用率小于拥塞控制的资源利用率门限；减小所述第一数量。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述处理模块，还用于指示所述第二数量的第一UE轮流作为传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的UE。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述处理模块，还用于确定发生切换的UE或者新接入的UE作为所述第一UE，所述发生切换的UE或者新接入的UE作为所述第一UE的次数，为所述第二数量的UE中作为所述第一UE的次数的最大值或平均值。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述处理模块，还用于指示所述第一UE通过Uu口发送业务包，所述Uu口为所述基站与所述第一UE之间无线通信的空中接口。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述第一UE调整发射功率、自适应调制编码AMC或多载波负载均衡。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述收发模块，具体用于通过下行控制信息DCI或无线资源控制RRC向所述第一UE发送所述指示信息。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述处理模块，具体用于在所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述第一UE在所述统计周期内将当前发包周期调整为第一发包周期时，确定将所述基站覆盖范围内的所有UE的当前发包周期调整为所述第一发包周期；
所述收发模块，具体用于通过系统信息块SIB向所述第一UE发送指示信息，所述第一UE为所述基站覆盖范围内的任意UE。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述收发模块，还用于接收所述调度队列包含的UE上报的PC5口拥塞状态信息；
所述处理模块，具体用于根据所述PC5口拥塞状态信息，从所述调度队列包含的UE中确定出第一UE。
第四方面，本发明实施例提供一种终端，所述终端为第一终端，所述第一终端包括：
收发模块，用于接收基站发送的指示信息，所述指示信息携带拥塞控制策略，所述拥塞控制策略为所述基站在确定出需要对所述基站覆盖范围内的UE进行拥塞控制后确定出的；
处理模块，用于根据所述拥塞控制策略进行调整。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述收发模块，还用于发送调度请求；
所述处理模块，还用于确定所述调度请求在定时器超时后未被所述基站响应，或确定出所述第一UE的PC5口发生拥塞，则辅助进行拥塞控制。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述处理模块，具体用于进行下述辅助拥塞控制行为中的至少一个：
第一行为、调整发包周期，和/或，调度分配请求的发送周期；
第二行为、检测定时器是否超时，若超时，则通过资源竞争方式请求资源；
第三行为、向所述基站发送PC5口拥塞状态信息；
第四行为、作为传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的UE，所述第一UE丢弃业务包。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述第一UE在统计周期内进行调整，所述统计周期包括Q个资源池调度分配周期，第Qi个资源池调度分配周期为所述Q个资源池调度分配周期内的任意一个，所述Q≥1，1≤Qi≤Q，且所述Q、所述Qi为整数。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述处理模块，具体用于在所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述第一UE在统计周期将当前发包周期调整为第一发包周期时，对于所述第Qi个资源池调度分配周期，所述第一UE将所述当前发包周期调整为所述第一发包周期，所述第一发包周期大于所述当前发包周期。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述处理模块，还用于将所述第一发包周期调整为第二发包周期，所述第二发包周期小于所述第一发包周期。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述收发模块，具体用于接收所述基站发送的DCI信息，所述DCI信息指示所述第一UE作为传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的UE。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述处理模块，还用于确定所述统计周期的资源的利用率是否超过拥塞控制的利用率门限；
所述收发模块，还用于在所述处理模块确定出所述统计周期的资源的利用率超过拥塞控制的利用率门限时，向所述基站发送拥塞状态信息。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述处理模块，具体用于确定所述统计周期内每个传输时间间隔TTI上的每个物理资源块PRB上的能量是否超过能量检测门限，若所述统计周期内超过拥塞控制能量检测门限的PRB的总数与所述统计周期内总的PRB数的比值超过预设门限值，则确定资源池的利用率超过拥塞控制的利用率门限。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述处理模块，具体用于确定所述统计周期内子带PRB组的每个物理资源块PRB的平均能量是否超过能量检测门限，若所述统计周期内超过拥塞控制能量检测门限的PRB的总数与所述统计周期内总的PRB数的比值超过预设门限值，则确定资源池的利用率超过拥塞控制的利用率门限。
在一种可行的实现方式中，所述收发模块，具体用于接收所述基站通过下行控制信息DCI、无线资源控制RRC或系统信息块SIB发送的指示信息。
第五方面，本发明实施例提供一种基站，包括：处理器、存储器、通信接口和系统总线，所述存储器和所述通信接口通过所述系统总线与所述处理器连接并完成相互间的通信，所述存储器用于存储计算机执行指令，所述通信接口用于和其他设备进行通信，所述处理器用于运行所述计算机执行指令，使所述基站执行如上应用于基站的方法的各个步骤。
第六方面，本发明实施例提供一种终端，所述终端UE为第一UE，所述第一UE包括：处理器、存储器、通信接口和系统总线，所述存储器和所述通信接口通过所述系统总线与所述处理器连接并完成相互间的通信，所述存储器用于存储计算机执行指令，所述通信接口用于和其他设备进行通信，所述处理器用于运行所述计算机执行指令，使所述基站执行如上应用于终端的方法的各个步骤。
第七方面，本发明实施例提供一种计算机存储介质，用于储存为上述基站所用的计算机软件指令，其包含用于执行上述方面所设计的程序。
第八方面，本发明实施例提供一种计算机存储介质，用于储存为上述终端所用的计算机软件指令，其包含用于执行上述方面所设计的程序。
第九方面，本发明实例提供一种基站，该基站具有实现上述方法设计中第一基站行为的功能。所述功能可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。所述硬件或软件包括一个或多个与上述功能相对应的单元。
在一种可行的实现方式中，基站的结构中包括处理器和发射器，所述处理器被配置为支持第一基站执行上述方法中相应的功能。所述发射器用于支持基站与终端之间的通信，向终端发送上述方法中所涉及的信息或者指令。所述基站还可以包括存储器，所述存储器用于与处理器耦合，其保存基站必要的程序指令和数据。
第十方面，本发明实施例提供了一种终端，该终端具有实现上述方法设计中终端行为的功能。所述功能可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。所述硬件或软件包括一个或多个与上述功能相对应的单元。所述模块可以是软件和/或硬件
在一种可能的设计中，终端的结构中包括接收器和处理器，所述处理器被配置为支持终端执行上述方法中相应的功能。所述发射器用于支持终端与基站之间的通信，接收基站发送的上述方法中所涉及的信息或者指令。所述终端还可以包括存储器，所述存储器用于与处理器耦合，其保存基站必要的程序指令和数据。
本发明实施例提供的拥塞控制方法、基站及终端，基站在确定出需要进行拥塞控制后，确定出拥塞控制策略，并从基站覆盖范围内的UE确定出需要根据拥塞控制策略进行调整的第一UE，然后将拥塞控制策略发送给第一UE，使得第一UE进行调整以缓解PC5口的拥塞状态。该过程中，通过基站对本基站覆盖范围内的所有UE进行集中控制，解决802.11P的分布式拥塞控制策略带来的安全辅助效果差的问题，即通过基站集中式拥塞控制，提高了对车辆的安全辅助效果。
附图说明
图1为本发明拥塞控制方法所适用的架构示意图；
图2为本发明拥塞控制方法实施例一的信令图；
图3为本发明拥塞控制方法中基站集中式控制与UE分布式拥塞控制的信令图；
图4A为本发明拥塞控制方法中一种将发包周期从100ms调整到200ms的举例示意图；
图4B为本发明拥塞控制方法中一种将发包周期从100ms调整到300ms的举例示意图；
图5A为本发明拥塞控制方法中另一种将发包周期从100ms调整到200ms的举例示意图；
图5B为本发明拥塞控制方法中另一种将发包周期从100ms调整到300ms的举例示意图；
图6为本发明拥塞控制方法中丢包方案流程示意图；
图7为本发明拥塞控制方法中的丢包累加过程示意图；
图8为本发明拥塞控制方法中的轮流丢包程示意图；
图9为本发明基站实施例一的结构示意图；
图10为本发明终端实施例一的结构示意图；
图11为本发明基站实施例二的结构示意图；
图12为本发明终端实施例二的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本文中描述的技术可用于各种通信系统，例如，当前2G、3G通信系统和下一代通信系统、全球移动通信系统(Global System for Mobile communications，GSM)、码分多址(Code Division Multiple Access，CDMA)系统、时分多址(Time Division Multiple Access，TDMA)系统、宽带码分多址(Wideband Code Division Multiple Access Wireless，WCDMA)、频分多址(Frequency Division Multiple Addressing，FDMA)系统、正交频分多址(Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access，OFDMA)系统，单载波FDMA(SC-FDMA)系统，通用分组无线业务(General Packet Radio Service，GPRS)系统、长期演进(Long Term Evolution，LTE)系统、E-UTRA系统、5G移动通信系统，以及其他此类通信系统。
本申请中涉及的终端(User Equipment，UE)，例如可以是移动终端，如移动电话(或称为“蜂窝”电话)和具有移动终端的计算机，可以是便携式、袖珍式、手持式、计算机内置的或者车辆终端(Vehicle User Equipment，VUE)，它们与无线接入网交换语言和/或数据。例如，个人通信业务(Personal Communication Service，PCS)电话、无绳电话、会话发起协议(SIP)话机、无线本地环路(Wireless Local Loop，WLL)站、个人数字助理(Personal Digital Assistant，PDA)等设备。无线终端也可以称为系统、订户单元(Subscriber Unit)、订户站(Subscriber Station)，移动站(Mobile Station)、移动台(Mobile)、远程站(Remote Station)、远程终端(Remote Terminal)、接入终端(Access Terminal)、用户终端(User Terminal)、用户代理(User Agent)、用户设备(User Device)、或用户装备(User Equipment)。
本申请中涉及的基站，可以是指接入网中在空中接口上通过一个或多个扇区与无线终端通信的设备。基站可用于将收到的空中帧与IP分组进行相互转换，作为无线终端与接入网的其余部分之间的路由器，其中接入网的其余部分可包括网际协议(IP)网络。基站还可协调对空中接口的属性管理。例如，基站可以是GSM或CDMA中的基站(Base Transceiver Station，BTS)，也可以是WCDMA中的基站(NodeB)，还可以是LTE中的演进型基站(NodeB或eNB或e-NodeB，evolutional Node B)，或者是5G基站，本申请并不限定。
本发明实施例中，拥塞控制按照场景分为覆盖范围内(In Coverage，IC)场景下的拥塞控制和覆盖范围外(Out Of Coverage，OOC)场景下的拥塞控制。针对IC场景，采用集中式拥塞控制(Centralized Congestion Control，CCC)方式为主、分布式拥塞控制(Decentralized Congestion Control，DCC)为辅的方式进行拥塞控制；针对OOC场景，采用DCC方式进行拥塞控制。下面，以基站具体为LTE基站为例，说明本发明所适用的架构，具体的，可参见图1。
图1为本发明拥塞控制方法所适用的架构示意图。如图1所示，UE与UE之间进行V2V通信，如图中虚线箭头所示，UE与基站之间进行长期演进(Long Term Evolution，LTE)通信，如图中实线箭头所示，基站与智能运输系统(Intelligent Transport System，ITS)平台之间通过光纤建立连接，如图中点划线箭头所示。IC场景下，基站与UE之间建立无线通信的空中接口，即Uu口，UE之间建立PC5口。OOC场景下，不存在基站，各UE之间建立PC5口。下面，在图1的基础上，对本发明IC场景下的拥塞控制进行详细说明。
具体的，请参照图2，图2为本发明拥塞控制方法实施例一的信令图，本实施例包括：
101、基站确定对所述基站覆盖范围内的终端UE进行拥塞控制。
本发明实施例中，基站进行拥塞控制，可以以基站为单位，对整个基站覆盖下的UE进行拥塞控制；也可以基站下的小区为单位，此时，基站下至少有一个小区，基站以小区为单位，对UE进行拥塞控制。以下若未做特殊说明，基站对本基站覆盖范围内的UE进行拥塞控制，是指基站对本基站下的一个具体小区内的UE进行拥塞控制。本步骤中，基站根据本基站覆盖范 围中的UE的业务包的传输次数、资源池中资源的利用率等，确定是否启动拥塞控制，若启动，则执行102，否则，终止拥塞控制。
在一种可行的实现方式中，基站确定是否启动拥塞控制的方式为：对于基站下的一个小区，基站确定该小区内的UE的传输次数是否满足预设传输次数；若基站确定出传输次数满足预设传输次数，则确定该小区内的UE是否满足拥塞控制的条件；若满足拥塞控制的条件，则确定对该小区内的UE进行拥塞控制。其中，拥塞控制条件包括第一条件和/或第二条件，其中，第一条件下，该小区内的UE的资源需求总和大于该小区内的UE中各UE间直接通信的可利用资源，可利用资源包括复用资源，即V2X通信中，若UE之间距离比较远，相互之间复用相同的时频资源，则该时频资源为复用资源；第二条件下，该小区内的UE中，至少一个UE传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限。
具体的，基站先进行传输次数自适应，再对拥塞控制状态进行判断。
传输次数自适应过程中，根据网络负荷，即调度分配(Scheduling Allocation，SA)资源池的资源块(Resource Block，RB)利用率和UE的分布，共同决定UE的业务包的传输次数，提升小区调度UE的数量，减少UE间的干扰，提升网络的PDR。以传输次数为2次/4次为例，当网络的资源利用率和/或UE的分布密度小于预设门限时，进行4次传输；当网络的资源利用率和/或UE的分布密度高于预设门限时，进行2次传输。该传输次数自适应可以分为小区级的自适应和簇级自适应。在时间上，传输次数自适应可以是实时的或分时段进行。
在传输次数较小，例如为2次时，进行拥塞控制状态的判断，即判断是否满足第一条件和/或第二条件。当满足第一条件时，∑UE对资源的需求＞车辆直接通信(Vehicle Direct Communication，VDC)可利用的资源；当满足第二条件时，UE传输等待的时延＞拥塞控制的时延门限。满足第一条件、第二条件时，势必导致UE的等待时延超时，业务包得不到调度。
102、基站确定拥塞控制策略。
本步骤中，基站确定具体的拥塞控制策略。其中，拥塞控制策略可以包括下述的各种策略:
策略一、指示第一UE作为传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的 UE，即指示该第一UE丢弃业务包，简称丢包；
策略二、指示第一UE对发包周期进行调整，例如将当前发包周期调大、调小或保持不变，其中，第一UE是从小区内的UE中确定出的。当基站需要将调度队列中的所有UE的发包周期都进行调整时，确定出统一的发包周期，并将该发包后期通过SIB发送给小区内的所有UE，使得小区内的每个UE都将当前的发包周期调整为统一的发包周期，从而使小区内的所有UE使用同一个发包周期；
策略二、指示第一UE对发射功率进行调整；
策略三、指示第一UE自适应调制编码(Adaptive Modulation and Coding，AMC)，动态调整RB数大小；
策略四、指示第一UE进行多载波负载均衡或者多载波协调；
策略五、指示第一UE通过Uu口传输业务包。
103、所述基站从所述基站覆盖范围内的UE中确定出第一UE。
本步骤中，基站从本基站覆盖范围内的UE中确定出为需要根据所述拥塞控制策略缓解拥塞的UE，即第一UE。确定过程中，基站可根据不同UE的优先级，如业务类型优先级、逻辑信道组的优先级级确定哪些UE可以作为第一UE进行发包周期调整；根据UE上报的拥塞控制状态标识来确定哪些UE可以作为第一UE进行发包周期调整；基站自身确认哪些UE需要改变发包周期；基站自身确定哪些UE需要通过Uu口发送业务包。
104、基站向所述第一UE发送指示信息，所述指示信息携带所述拥塞控制策略。
本步骤中，基站通过无线资源控制(Radio Resource Control，RRC)信令、系统信息块(System Information Block，SIB)或下行控制信息(Downlink Control Information，DCI)将拥塞控制策略发送给第一UE。
105、第一UE根据所述拥塞控制策略进行调整。
本步骤中，UE之间建立PC5口。本步骤中，第一UE根据拥塞控制策略进行调整以缓解PC5口拥塞的状态。
具体的，结合步骤102，若拥塞控制策略具体为策略一，则第一UE对业务包进行丢包处理，即作为传输时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的UE；若拥塞控制策略具体为策略二，则第一UE对业务包的发包周期进行调整，例如增 大发包周期、减小发包周期或保持发包周期不变；若拥塞控制策略具体为策略三，则对第一UE的发射功率进行调整；若拥塞控制策略具体为策略四，则进行AMC自适应；若拥塞控制策略具体为策略五，则将业务包通过Uu口发送。
本发明实施例提供的拥塞控制方法，基站在确定出需要进行拥塞控制后，确定出拥塞控制策略，并从基站覆盖范围内的UE确定出需要根据拥塞控制策略进行调整的第一UE，然后将拥塞控制策略发送给第一UE，使得第一UE进行调整以缓解PC5口的拥塞状态。该过程中，通过基站对本基站覆盖范围内的所有UE进行集中控制，解决802.11P的分布式拥塞控制策略带来的安全辅助效果差的问题，即通过基站集中式拥塞控制，提高了对车辆的安全辅助效果。
上述实施例一可以理解为基站集中式拥塞控制的过程。然后，当第一UE发送调度请求后，若第一UE在定时器等待超时后，还未接收到基站的调度，并且，第一UE发现拥塞时，自动进行一些行为以缓解拥塞，UE自主进行的行为即为UE辅助拥塞控制的过程。下面，对本发明UE辅助拥塞控制的过程进行详细说明。
具体的，当第一UE发送的调度请求(Scheduling Request，SR)请求始终得不到响应后，启动侦听机制，发现PC5口拥塞后，自动选择UE行为来减轻拥塞状态。自主行为包括：
第一行为、第一UE调整周期。
具体的，第一UE调整应用层的发包周期、或者SR的发送周期、或者通过设置定时器来调整UE的发包周期等。
第二行为、第一UE通过自身定时器设置发包间隔超过预设门限时，通过竞争方式进行资源分配；否则，进行丢包处理；
第三行为、第一UE确定PC5口资源池的负载或资源池中(Resource Block，RB)的利用率是否超过预设门限，若超过，则将PC5口拥塞状态指示上报给基站。
第四行为、第一UE作为传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的UE，指示UE丢弃该数据包。
本实施例在上述基站为主的集中式拥塞控制基础上，通过UE分布式拥 塞控制，进一步提高了安全辅助的效果。
图3为本发明拥塞控制方法中基站集中式控制与UE分布式拥塞控制的信令图，包括：
201、基站向UE1发送SIB。
本步骤中，基站向UE1发送系统信息块，广播本小区的资源配置，复用目前SIB18中的ProSeComnPoolist。
202、基站与UE1建立RRC连接。
203、基站与UE1完成RRC重配。
204、基站接收UE1发送的SR/BSR请求。
需要说明的是，上述步骤201～204中，虽然仅描述了UE1与基站之间的信令交互，然而实际上，基站覆盖下的其他UE，如UE2也与基站之间进行信令交互。
205、基站进行集中式拥塞控制。
206、基站接收UE1上报的PC5口拥塞状态信息。
207、基站接收UE2上报的PC5口拥塞状态信息。
206与207中，基站接收UE通过媒体访问控制单元(Media Access Control Element，MAC CE)、RRC信令、物理上行链路控制信道(Physical Uplink Control Channel，PUCCH)等上报的PC5口拥塞状态信息。
208、基站向UE1发送指示信息，指示信息携带拥塞控制策略。
209、基站向UE2发送指示信息，指示信息携带拥塞控制策略。
208与209中，基站确定好拥塞控制策略后，通过RRC信令、DCI或SIB等发送给UE。控制策略例如为上述图2实施例102中的策略一～策略五等。
210、UE1根据拥塞控制策略进行调整以缓解PC5口的拥塞状态。
211、UE2根据拥塞控制策略进行调整以缓解PC5口的拥塞状态。
210～211中，UE根据拥塞控制策略，进行调整，实现基站集中式拥塞控制。
212、基站向UE1发送指示信息，指示UE1通过Uu口缓解PC5口拥塞状态。
213、基站向UE2发送指示信息，指示UE2通过Uu口缓解PC5口拥塞状态。
214、基站保证优先级高的UE1优先接入网络。
215、基站保证优先级高的UE2优先接入网络。
214与215中，当新的UE，如UE1与UE2接入网络时，基站优先保证高优先级的UE接入，拒绝低优先级UE接入。
216、UE1与UE2进行VDC通信，以实现分布式拥塞控制。
217、UE1利用资源竞争方式进行VDC资源分配。
218、UE2利用资源竞争方式进行VDC资源分配。
217与218中，假设UE1与UE2定时器超时后未接收到基站的调度，或者发送SR/BSR请求等待超时，则进行VDC通信，以实现分布式拥塞控制。
下面，以UE具体为VUE对本发明进行详细说明。
首先，对拥塞控制策略的过程进行说明。
具体的，拥塞控制策略包括拥塞控制启动阶段与拥塞控制调整阶段。当满足拥塞控制的条件时，开始拥塞控制启动阶段。由于车辆实时运动，UE在小区间发生切换或者新的UE进入小区，拥塞控制的过程是逐步调整过程。拥塞控制启动后根据基站设置不同拥塞控制的策略，进行拥塞控制的调整阶段。
其次，对本实施例涉及的概念：统计周期、资源池调度分配周期以及发包周期进行解释：
统计周期，包括Q个资源池调度分配周期，Q≥1，且为整数，第Qi个资源池调度分配周期为Q个资源池调度分配周期内的任意一个，Q≥1，1≤Qi≤Q，且Q、Qi为整数；
资源池调度分配周期：本发明实施例中，调度分配(Scheduling Assignment，SA)可以理解为是一组时频资源的集合，其具有固定的周期，该周期即为资源池调度分配周期，记为SA周期；
发包周期，表示第一VUE在一个统计周期内应用层发送业务包的周期。
接下来，主要对上述实施例一步骤102中的策略二进行详细说明。策略二、指示第一VUE对发包周期进行调整。
具体的，对发包周期进行调整，主要包括如下几种可能的实现方式：
在一种可能的实现方式中，一个统计周期内对基站覆盖范围内的部分VUE进行调度，该些VUE形成调度队列。在统计周期内，根据调度队列中 被授权调度的VUE数(大小用M表示)，以及未被授权调度的VUE数(大小用N表示)，确定第一发包周期(长度用T表示)，第一发包周期大于当前发包周期；对于第Qi个资源池调度分配周期，根据调度队列中被授权调度的VUE数(大小用Mi表示)、未被授权调度的VUE数(大小用Ni表示)，以及传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的VUE数(大小用Di表示)，确定第一VUE的数量(大小用S表示)。
Figure PCTCN2016091093-appb-000001
由于存在V2V业务模型发包大小可变，因此，可以利用滤波参数(用
Figure PCTCN2016091093-appb-000002
表示)来进一步的确定S，
Figure PCTCN2016091093-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2016091093-appb-000004
在确定出第一VUE的数量后，基站可以自主确定调度队列中的哪些VUE可以作为第一VUE。例如，基站可以为每个VUE设置定时器，将定时器中等待时间最长的VUE作为第一VUE。
举例如图4A与图4B所示，图4A为本发明拥塞控制方法中一种将发包周期从100ms调整到200ms的举例示意图，图4B为本发明拥塞控制方法中另一种将发包周期从100ms调整到300ms的举例示意图。图4A中，第一发包周期＝200ms，即第一发包周期＝第一VUE的数量×100ms，第一VUE的数量为2；图4B中，第一发包周期＝300ms，即第一发包周期＝第一VUE的数量×发包周期，第一VUE的数量为3。发包周期为调整前的发包周期。
上述过程是将发包周期增大的过程。然后，由于车辆是实时移动的，使得调度队列不再满足第一条件与第二条件，此时，基站确定第二发包周期，第二发包周期小于第二VUE的当前发包周期；基站从调度队列中确定出第二VUE，第二VUE为调度队列中的高优先级VUE；基站向第二VUE发送指示信息，以指示第二VUE将当前发包周期调整为第二发包周期。
具体的，统计周期中当第Qi个资源池调度分配周期中资源池的RB利用率小于拥塞控制RB利用率门限，默认为0.7，可灵活配置，在第Qi个调度队列中选择一定数量个VUE作为第二VUE，将该些VUE的发包周期减少至第二发包周期，则：
第二VUE的数量＝资源池总的RB数×(1-拥塞控制RB利用率门限)/ 统计周期内每个用户调度的平均RB数；
统计周期内每个用户调度的平均RB数＝统计周期内所有申请VDC资源的VUE的RB数平均值。
对于第Qi个调度队列，从调度用户中选择出的第二VUE为发包周期最大的VUE，发包周期改变成第二发包周期，第二发包周期默认配置100ms，可灵活配置。
选择过程中，首先从第Qi个调度队列中选择所有高优先级VUE用户均优先调整100ms，即第二发包周期＝100ms，再调整低优先级用户。
如果第Qi个调度队列中的VUE的数量不够，无法选择出期望数值的第二VUE，则以第Qi个资源池调度分配周期为起点，循环本资源池调度周期的前N个资源池调度分配周期中调度队列内的高优先级用户，将前N个资源池调度分配周期中调度队列内的高优先级用户的发包周期的大小调整为第二发包周期。直到第Qi个资源池RB利用率大于拥塞控制RB利用率门限，或者直到前N个资源池调度分配周期内所有用户的发包周期大小均调整为第二发包周期。
另外，若第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内，资源池中RB的利用率与拥塞控制门限达到平衡，则不需要VUE调整发包周期。
在另一种可能的实现方式中、拥塞控制策略具体指示对于所述第Qi个资源池调度分配周期，所述基站确定所述第一发包周期以及所述第一UE的数量，所述第一发包周期为所述第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内发包周期最小的UE的发包周期的整数倍。
具体的，基站根据统计周期内每个资源池调度分配周期，确定超过时延门限的VUE个数，其中，时延门限，默认为60ms，可灵活配置。而第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的VUE的数量，该数量可以作为下一个统计周期内对应的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期的传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的VUE的数量的参考量。在下一个统计周期调度时提前对待调度VUE队列进行调整VUE业务包周期，节省VUE业务发包时延。其中，传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的VUE也可以称之为丢包的VUE。
以一个统计周期包括10个资源池调度分配周期为例，当前统计周期内第 0个～第9个资源池调度分配周期的传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的VUE的数量，分别作为下一个统计周期第0个～第9个资源池调度分配周期传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的VUE的数量的参考量，减少待调度队列等待时延，避免了待调度VUE队列超过时延门限。该过程中，需要考虑待调度用户优先级队列，保证高优先级VUE用户不丢包和低优先VUE用户丢包均衡性。下面，从考虑优先级与不考虑优先级两种情况进行详细说明。
不考虑优先级的情况。
具体的，遍历统计周期中，如果第Qi个资源池调度分配周期存传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的VUE，此时，若满足被授权调度的UE数≥2×传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的VUE的数量，则从被授权调度的UE数中选择2×传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的VUE的数量个VUE，该些VUE的发包周期最小，将该些VUE的发包周期调整为最小发包周期的整数倍，调整后的发包周期为第一发包周期。
如果满足被授权调度的VUE数＜2×传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的VUE的数量，则第一发包周期＝(传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的VUE的数量/被调度授权的UE数)，向上取整。
由于最大发包周期是有限的，因此，还需要进一步的确定根据上述公式确定出的第一发包周期与最大发包周期的大小关系，从该两个值中取最小值作为第一发包周期。
举例如图5A与5B所示，图5A为本发明拥塞控制方法中另一种将发包周期从100ms调整到200ms的举例示意图，图5B为本发明拥塞控制方法中另一种将发包周期从100ms调整到300ms的举例示意图。图5A中，第一发包周期＝200ms，即调整为最小发包周期的2倍；图5B中，第一发包周期＝200ms，即调整为最小发包周期的3倍。
上述过程是将发包周期增大的过程。然后，由于车辆是实时移动的，使得调度队列不再满足第一条件与第二条件，此时，基站确定第二发包周期，第二发包周期小于第二VUE的当前发包周期；基站从调度队列中确定出第二VUE，第二VUE为调度队列中的高优先级VUE；基站向第二VUE发送指示信息，以指示第二VUE将当前发包周期调整为第二发包周期。
具体的，当第Qi个资源池调度分配周期的资源池RB利用率小于拥塞控制RB利用率门限，默认为0.7，可灵活配置，对当前资源池调度分配周期的调度队列中，选择一定数量的VUE，默认为一个为1，可灵活配置，且选择出的VUE的发包周期最大，将发包周期调整成第二发包周期，默认配置100ms，可灵活配置。
若当第Qi个调度队列中所有VUE的发包周期的长度均调整为100ms，则以第Qi个资源池调度分配周期为起点，循环本资源池调度周期的前N个资源池调度分配周期中调度队列内的高优先级用户，将前N个资源池调度分配周期中调度队列内的高优先级用户的发包周期的大小调整调整为100ms。直到第Qi个资源池RB利用率大于拥塞控制RB利用率门限，或者直到前N个资源池调度分配周期内所有用户的发包周期大小均调整为100ms。该过程中，以第二发包周期为100ms为例，实际中，第二发包周期也可以被配置为其他值。
另外，若第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内，资源池中RB的利用率与拥塞控制门限达到平衡，则不需要VUE调整发包周期。
考虑优先级的情况。
具体的，遍历统计周期(例如为100ms)中的10个资源池调度分配周期，如果其中第Qi(取值为0～10)资源池调度分配周期内传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的VUE的数量>0。此时，将传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的VUE的数量与第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内，授权调度的VUE的数量M作比较。其中，第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内，授权调度的VUE由两部分组成，高优先级的授权调度的VUE，和低优先级的授权调度的VUE。
当需要将发包周期增大为第一发包周期时，优先将低优先级的授权调度的VUE的发包周期增大到第一发包周期，当所有的低优先级的授权调度的VUE的发包周期均增大为第一发包周期后，若还是未能缓解拥塞，则将高优先级的授权调度的VUE的发包周期增大为第一发包周期。
当需要将发包周期减少为第二发包周期时，有效将高优先级的授权调度的VUE的发包周期减小到第二发包周期，当所有的高优先级的授权调度的VUE的发包周期均减小为第二发包周期后，若资源池中RB的利用率未达到 拥塞控制的门限，则将低优先级的授权调度的VUE的发包周期减少为第二发包周期。
另外，若第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内，资源池中RB的利用率与拥塞控制门限达到平衡，则不需要VUE调整发包周期。
接下来，对上述实施例中步骤102的策略一进行详细说明。策略一、指示第一VUE作为传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的VUE，即指示该第一VUE丢弃业务包，简称丢包。
本实施例中，对第一VUE丢弃业务包，主要包括如下几种可能的实现方式：
在一种可能的实现方式中、对于当前统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期，基站确定第一数量，第一数量为当前统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的第一VUE的数量；对于下一个统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期，基站根据第一数量，确定第二数量，第二数量为下一个统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内，传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的第一VUE的最终数量。基站确定下一个统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期的原始数量，原始数量为下一个统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的第一VUE的原始数量，第二数量＝第一数量+原始数量。
具体的，根据当前统计周期内第Qi个资源池调度分配周期是否存在传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限，来确定下一个统计周期内第Qi个资源池调度分配周期等待时延超过拥塞控制的时延门限的VUE的数量。当资源池的RB利用率低于一定的门限时，通过不丢包或者减少丢包数来提高调度的用户和资源池RB的利用率。VUE发生切换或者新接入用户时，基站保证新用户的丢包数为小区中所有用户中丢包数的最大值或者中间值，来避免新用户的连续丢包。
具体的，需要把统计周期内每个资源池调度分配周期的传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的VUE的数量，映射到下一次待调度资源池调度分配周期的位置，作为下一个周期对应资源池调度分配周期的传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的VUE的数量的参考量。同时，需要考虑待调度用户优先级队列，保证高优先级VUE用户不丢包和低优先VUE用户丢包均衡 性。具体的，可参见图6，图6为本发明拥塞控制方法中丢包方案流程示意图。图6中，统计周期包括10个资源池调度分配周期，即SA0～SA9。
当处于拥塞控制调整阶段时，资源池调度分配周期的资源池RB利用率大于拥塞控制的资源利用率门限，且每个统计周期内的调度分配周期是传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的VUE的数量大于等于0，此时把每个调度分配周期内新增加的丢包数在原来基础上做累加处理。
在时刻a传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的VUE的数量为a，在100+a时刻传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的VUE的数量为b，所以，在200+a时刻的丢包调数量为a+b。具体的，可参见图7，图7为本发明拥塞控制方法中的丢包累加过程示意图。
由于存在V2V业务模型发包大小可变，利用滤波方式确定，仿真调整量的波动。假设过滤参数用
Figure PCTCN2016091093-appb-000005
来表示，传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的
Figure PCTCN2016091093-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2016091093-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2016091093-appb-000008
其中，
Figure PCTCN2016091093-appb-000009
默认为0.5。
上述对将丢包数累加调大的过程。然而，由于车辆是实时移动的，因此，当不满足拥塞控制的第一条件与第二条件时，需要将第二数量减小。
具体的，步骤1：第Qi个资源池调度分配周期的资源池RB利用率小于拥塞控制RB利用率门限，默认值为0.7，可灵活配置，此时减少当前资源池调度分配周期内丢包的VUE数直到该资源池调度分配周期丢包的VUE数为0。例如，当前资源池调度分配周期内丢包的VUE数大于0，则对当前资源池调度分配周期内的传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的VUE的数量减去一定的值，直到当前资源池调度分配周期内的传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的VUE的数量为零。执行步骤2。
步骤2：如果第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内所有待调度用户的RB数之和大于第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内数据资源池中总的RB数与复用因子的乘积(复用不开启时，复用因子取值为1；复用开启时，复用因子取值为1+X，X为统计周期内复用用户的平均的RB利用率)，且当前资源池调度分配周期内传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的VUE的数量大于0。其中， 根据轮流丢包原则，减少传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的VUE的数量，减少的量为H。
更新资源池调度分配周期内丢包的VUE数，传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的VUE的数量＝传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的VUE的数量-H；
其中，H＝资源池总的RB数×(1-拥塞控制RB利用率门限)/待调度队列中每个VUE调度的平均RB数。
待调度队列中每个VUE调度的平均RB数＝在统计周期内所有申请VDC资源的VUE的RB数平均值。
满足条件，执行步骤5；否则，执行步骤3。
步骤3：如果第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内所有待调度用户的RB数之和小于第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内数据资源池总的RB数时，第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内丢包数为0。即更新第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内丢包的VUE数＝0。
如果第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内所有待调度用户的RB数之和小于第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内数据资源池总的RB数与复用因子的乘积(复用不开启时，取值为1；复用开启时，取值为1+X，X为统计周期内复用用户的平均的RB利用率)，此时的传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的VUE的数量为0，此时不再对该资源池调度分配周期内待调度队列进行处理。
执行步骤4。
步骤4：当此时资源池的利用率小于拥塞控制RB利用率门限，则以第Qi个资源池调度分配周期为起点，循环本资源池调度周期的前N个资源池调度分配周期中调度队列内的高优先级用户，将前N个资源池调度分配周期中传输时延大于拥塞控制门限的VUE的数量减少，直到该资源池调度分配周期的RB利用率大于拥塞控制的RB利用率门限或者直到前N个资源池调度分配周期的丢包VUE数为0为止。如果前N个资源池调度分配周期的调度队列中不存在传输时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的VUE，则结束本资源池调度分配调度分配周期的递减处理。
其中，N＝(拥塞控制时延门限/资源池调度分配周期)。执行步骤5。
步骤5：结束流程。
另外，上述丢包过程中，基站确定第二数量的第一VUE作为传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的第一VUE的顺序，以使得第二数量的第一VUE按顺序作为传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的第一VUE。
当第一VUE为发生切换的VUE或者新接入的VUE时，发生切换的VUE或者新接入的VUE作为第一VUE的次数，为第二数量的VUE中作为第一VUE的次数的最大值或平均值。
具体的，在每个统计周期内的SA资源池调度分配周期，分别对待调度的用户队列按照时延进行排序，对待调度用户队列中本SA资源池调度分配周期中SR/BSR新申请资源分配的用户数中依次轮流丢失包。
VUE发生切换或者新接入用户时，基站保证新用户的丢包数为小区中所有用户丢包数的最大值或者中间值。
如果该第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内SR/BSR新申请资源分配的用户数中低优先级的用户>＝传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的VUE的数量，此时，轮流对低优先的用户进行丢包，保证高优先级用户业务包不丢包。
如果该第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内SR/BSR新申请资源分配的用户数中低优先级用户<传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的VUE的数量，此时，低优先级用户按照V2X业务模型最大的发包周期进行发送业务包，高优先级用户利用轮询进行补充丢包处理。
具体的，可参见图8，图8为本发明拥塞控制方法中的轮流丢包程示意图。如图8所述，当前统计周期(100ms)的c时刻，调度队列中存在VUE1～8，其中，VUE1、VUE2、VUE5、VUE6的当前丢包次数为2，如图中斜线填充部分所示，VUE3、VUE4、VUE7与VUE8的当前丢包次数为3。下一个统计周期的对应时刻，即100+c时刻，调度队列中新增VUE9，则对VUE9赋予一个初始的丢包次数，如3次，避免VUE9的丢包次数从0增加到3，丢包频繁。
在另一种可行的实现方式中，首先对变量初始化，小区内接入的每个VUE_i维护一个变量，令该变量的初始值为-1。每个100ms周期判断变量是否大于0，如果大于0的话，就累加1；启动拥塞控制流程。遍历待调度VUE优先级队列，把时延超过门限的VUE作丢包处理。遍历待调度队列，优先调度变量大于5的VUE，放在队列前面组成待调度VUE优先级队列。当该VUE 调度分配资源成功时，该变量更新为0。否则，不做任何处理。
接下来，主要对VUE的行为进行详细说明。
具体的，当第一VUE接收到基站发送的指示信息后，第一VUE通过如下方式进行业务包发送：
方式一、第一VUE调整应用层发包周期。
具体的，基站把调整后的发包周期发送给第一VUE，第一VUE把该周期传递给应用层，使得应用层根据调整后的发包周期发送业务包。
方式二、第一VUE调整地层SR发送周期。
具体的，基站把调整周期配置参数传递给VUE，VUE根据配置周期参数设置SR定时器(sr-ProhibitTimer-r9，取值为0～7，0表示没有定时器)，根据SR定时器×SR的周期进行业务包发送。其中，SR定时器参数是在MAC主配置信息元素(MAC-MainConfig Information element)中。
方式三、VUE设置定时器控制发包周期。
当VUE发送的SR始终得不到响应后，启动侦听机制，发现拥塞后，自动选择VUE行为来减轻拥塞状态。具体的可参见上述关于VUE辅助进行拥塞控制的描述，此处不再赘述。
当LTE系统的网络拥塞时，达到最大系统在线时，保证新接入用户或者新切换用户能否接入并正常进行业务。
(a)此时可能释放本小区中接入的业务优先级比较的VUE占用的资源。
(b)网络在线的VUE的用户优先级均比较高时，且此时VUE的发送周期已经调整业务发包周期最大值时。车辆终端新加入或者切换用户，自动把发包周期调整最大，利用资源竞争方式进行业务包发送。需要定义V2X的Qos机制，来保障用户接入和拒绝。
上述各实施例中，第一VUE还确定第Qi个资源池调度分配周期的资源的利用率是否超过拥塞控制的利用率门限，若超过，则向基站发送拥塞状态信息。具体的，PC5口的物理资源块(physicalresourceblock，PRB)资源利用率是判断拥塞的依据。本发明实施例中，通过如下两种方式统计确定PC5口是否发生拥塞。
第一种方式、所述第一VUE确定每个传输时间间隔TTI上的每个物理资源块PRB或者特定频域上的能量是否超过能量检测门限，若统计周期内超过 拥塞控制能量检测门限的PRB的总数与统计周期内总的PRB数的比值超过预设门限值，则确定资源池的利用率超过拥塞控制的利用率门限。
具体的，根据标准Sensing机制，侦听窗的大小为1000ms，V2V业务包最大传输时延为100ms。因此，在统计周期为内统计PC5口的PRB资源利用率，根据资源池划分具有两种统计方式：
(a)调度分配资源池和数据资源池是频分且不连续传输(同子帧或者不同子帧)，只针对数据资源池进行能量检测；
(b)调度分配资源池和数据资源池是频域上连续且同子帧时，针对调度分配资源池和数据资源池所有频域上都进行能量检测；
Figure PCTCN2016091093-appb-000010
其中，Sth表示能量的解调门限值；
Figure PCTCN2016091093-appb-000011
表示在统计周期Tm内需要能量检测的频带上总的PRB数，NPRB表示每个TTI上需要能量检测的总的PRB数；
Figure PCTCN2016091093-appb-000012
表示在统计周期Tm内频带上能量检测大于能量门限Sth总的PRB数，Savg-prb表示每个PRB上测量的能量或者每个子带上平均的PRB测量的能量。
第二种方式、第一VUE确定统计周期内子带PRB组的每个物理资源块PRB的平均能量是否超过能量检测门限，若统计周期内超过拥塞控制能量检测门限的PRB的总数与统计周期内总的PRB数的比值超过预设门限值，则确定资源池的利用率超过拥塞控制的利用率门限。
具体的，为了更加准确计算PC5口的PRB利用率，在能量检测的基础上，根据正确解调调度分配资源池的基础上，计算是否存在数据资源池的复用，把数据资源池复用的频带资源包括在PRB的利用率中。
Figure PCTCN2016091093-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2016091093-appb-000014
表示在统计周期Tm内需要能量检测的频带上总的PRB数中，数据资源池中调度分配资源池解调错误且满足能量检测门限；测量能量是否满足门限可以按照每个TTI上每个PRB测量的能量或 者每个子带平均的PRB测量的能量。
Figure PCTCN2016091093-appb-000015
表示在统计周期Tm内需要能量检测的频带上总的PRB数中，调度分配资源池解调正确对应数据资源池频域的PRB数且满足能量检测门限；测量能量是否满足门限可以按照每个TTI上每个PRB测量的能量或者每个子带平均的PRB测量的能量。
以上内容均是IC场景下的基站集中式拥塞控制为主、VUE辅助拥塞控制为辅的描述，下面，对OOC场景下的VUE分布式拥塞控制进行详细说明。
具体的，当PC5口的PRB资源利用率大于门限(ThrUpLimit)，表示PC5口处于拥塞的状态；
当PC5口的PRB资源利用率小于门限(ThrDownLimit)时，表示PC5口处于不拥塞的状态。
其中，低门限(ThrDownLimit)和高门限(ThrUpLimit)分别取值为60％和90％，可根据后台参数进行设置。
步骤1：(a)当PC5口的PRB资源利用率大于拥塞控制高门限(ThrUpLimit)时，执行如下：判断该VUE在统计周期内接收所有资源池调度分配周期中，解调正确的比例是否满足门限值，默认设置0，可调整。
如果满足：解调正确的比例≥门限值时，VUE利用随机函数(RAND)产生[0,N]范围随机数；每100ms执行：范围随机数＝范围随机数-1；
VUE根据自身应用层的发包周期自适应调整N值大小：
当VUE的发包周期为100～200ms时，N＝2；
当VUE的发包周期为200～300ms时，N＝4；
当VUE的发包周期为400～500ms时，N＝6；
当随机数＝0，增大VUE的发包周期，例如，增大100ms。
新的发包周期为增大后的发包周期与最大发包周期中的最小值，最大发包周期，默认设置500ms。
否则，执行步骤2；
步骤2：当PC5口的PRB资源利用率小于拥塞控制低门限(ThrDownLimit)时，执行如下：
VUE利用随机函数RAND产生[0,M]范围随机数；每100ms执行：范围 随机数＝范围随机数-1；
VUE根据自身应用层的发包周期自适应调整M值大小：
当VUE的发包周期为400～500ms时，M＝2；
当VUE的发包周期为200～300ms时，M＝4；
当VUE的发包周期为100～200ms时，M＝6；
当范围随机数＝0，减少VUE的发包周期：例如，减少100ms。
新的发包周期为减小后的发包周期与100ms中的最小值。
变量初始化范围随机数＝0；
其中，100ms表示VUE最低的发包周期。
否则，执行步骤3；
步骤3：当PC5口的PRB资源利用率在拥塞控制门限[ThrDownLimit，TThrUpLimit]之间时，拥塞控制达到平衡状态，该VUE的周期不进行调整。
执行步骤4；
步骤4：结束统计周期内的拥塞控制流程。
图9为本发明基站实施例一的结构示意图。本实施例提供的基站，其可实现本发明任意实施例提供的应用于基站的方法的各个步骤。具体的，本实施例提供的基站包括：
处理模块11，用于确定对所述基站覆盖范围内的终端UE进行拥塞控制，确定拥塞控制策略，从所述基站覆盖范围内的UE中确定出第一UE，所述第一UE为需要根据所述拥塞控制策略缓解拥塞的UE；
收发模块12，用于向所述第一UE发送指示信息，所述指示信息携带所述拥塞控制策略，以使得所述第一UE根据所述拥塞控制策略进行调整。
本发明实施例提供的基站，在确定出需要进行拥塞控制后，确定出拥塞控制策略，并从基站覆盖范围内的UE确定出需要根据拥塞控制策略进行调整的第一UE，然后将拥塞控制策略发送给第一UE，使得第一UE进行调整以缓解PC5口的拥塞状态。该过程中，通过基站对本基站覆盖范围内的所有UE进行集中控制，解决802.11P的分布式拥塞控制策略带来的安全辅助效果差的问题，即通过基站集中式拥塞控制，提高了对车辆的安全辅助效果。
可选的，在本发明一实施例中，所述处理模块11，具体用于确定所述基站覆盖范围内的UE的传输次数是否满足预设传输次数，若满足所述预设传 输次数，则确定所述基站覆盖范围内的UE是否满足拥塞控制的条件，若满足拥塞控制的条件，则确定对所述基站覆盖范围内的UE进行拥塞控制。
可选的，在本发明一实施例中，所述拥塞控制条件包括第一条件和/或第二条件，其中，
所述第一条件下，所述基站覆盖范围内的UE的资源需求总和大于所述基站覆盖范围内的UE中各UE间直接通信的可利用资源；
所述第二条件下，所述基站覆盖范围内的UE中，至少一个UE传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限。
可选的，在本发明一实施例中，所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述第一UE在统计周期内进行调整，所述统计周期包括Q个资源池调度分配周期，第Qi个资源池调度分配周期为所述Q个资源池调度分配周期内的任意一个，所述Q≥1，1≤Qi≤Q，且所述Q、所述Qi为整数。
可选的，在本发明一实施例中，所述处理模块11，具体用于在所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述第一UE在所述统计周期内将当前发包周期调整为第一发包周期时，根据调度队列中被授权调度的UE数，以及未被授权调度的UE数，确定所述第一发包周期，所述第一发包周期大于所述当前发包周期，所述调度队列中的UE为与所述统计周期对应的UE；对于所述第Qi个资源池调度分配周期，所述基站根据所述调度队列中被授权调度的UE数、未被授权调度的UE数，以及传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的UE数，确定所述第一UE的数量。
可选的，在本发明一实施例中，所述处理模块11，还用于确定所述第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内资源的利用率小于拥塞控制的资源利用率门限；确定第二发包周期，所述第二发包周期小于第二UE的当前发包周期；从所述调度队列中确定出第二UE，所述第二UE为所述调度队列中的高优先级UE；
所述收发模块12，还用于向所述第二UE发送指示信息，以指示所述第二UE将当前发包周期调整为所述第二发包周期。
可选的，在本发明一实施例中，所述处理模块11，具体用于在所述拥塞控制策略具体指示第一UE在所述统计周期内将当前发包周期调整为第一发包周期时，对于所述第Qi个资源池调度分配周期，所述基站确定所述第一发 包周期以及所述第一UE的数量，所述第一发包周期为所述第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内发包周期最小的UE的发包周期的整数倍。
可选的，在本发明一实施例中，所述处理模块11，还用于确定所述第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内资源的利用率小于拥塞控制的资源利用率门限，确定第二发包周期，所述第二发包周期小于第二UE的当前发包周期；从所述调度队列中确定出第二UE，所述第二UE为所述调度队列中的高优先级UE；
所述收发模块12，还用于向所述第二UE发送指示信息，以指示所述第二UE将发包周期调整为所述第二发包周期。
可选的，在本发明一实施例中，所述处理模块11，具体用于在所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述基站根据当前统计周期的传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的第一UE的数量，确定出下一个统计周期传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的第一UE的数量时，对于所述当前统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期，所述基站确定第一数量，所述第一数量为所述当前统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的第一UE的数量；对于所述下一个统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期，所述基站根据所述第一数量，确定第二数量，所述第二数量为所述下一个统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内，传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的第一UE的最终数量。
可选的，在本发明一实施例中，所述处理模块11，具体用于确定所述下一个统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期的原始数量，所述原始数量为所述下一个统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的第一UE的原始数量，所述第二数量＝所述第一数量+所述原始数量。
可选的，在本发明一实施例中，所述处理模块11，还用于确定所述统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内资源的利用率小于拥塞控制的资源利用率门限；减小所述第一数量。
可选的，在本发明一实施例中，所述处理模块11，还用于指示所述第二数量的第一UE轮流作为传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的UE。
可选的，在本发明一实施例中，所述处理模块11，还用于确定发生切换 的UE或者新接入的UE作为所述第一UE，所述发生切换的UE或者新接入的UE作为所述第一UE的次数，为所述第二数量的UE中作为所述第一UE的次数的最大值或平均值。
可选的，在本发明一实施例中，所述处理模块11，还用于指示所述第一UE通过Uu口发送业务包，所述Uu口为所述基站与所述第一UE之间无线通信的空中接口。
可选的，在本发明一实施例中，所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述第一UE调整发射功率、自适应调制编码AMC或多载波负载均衡。
可选的，在本发明一实施例中，所述收发模块12，具体用于通过下行控制信息DCI或无线资源控制RRC向所述第一UE发送所述指示信息。
可选的，在本发明一实施例中，所述处理模块11，具体用于在所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述第一UE在所述统计周期内将当前发包周期调整为第一发包周期时，确定将所述基站覆盖范围内的所有UE的当前发包周期调整为所述第一发包周期；
所述收发模块12，具体用于通过系统信息块SIB向所述第一UE发送指示信息，所述第一UE为所述基站覆盖范围内的任意UE。
可选的，在本发明一实施例中，所述收发模块12，还用于接收所述调度队列包含的UE上报的PC5口拥塞状态信息；
所述处理模块11，具体用于根据所述PC5口拥塞状态信息，从所述调度队列包含的UE中确定出第一UE。
图10为本发明终端实施例一的结构示意图。本实施例提供的终端，其可实现本发明任意实施例提供的应用于终端的方法的各个步骤。具体的，本实施例提供的终端包括：
收发模块21，用于接收基站发送的指示信息，所述指示信息携带拥塞控制策略，所述拥塞控制策略为所述基站在确定出需要对所述基站覆盖范围内的UE进行拥塞控制后确定出的；
处理模块22，用于根据所述拥塞控制策略进行调整。
本发明实施例提供的终端，通过接收基站发送的携带拥塞控制策略的指示信息，根据拥塞控制策略进行调整以缓解PC5口的拥塞状态。该过程中，通过基站对本基站覆盖范围内的所有UE进行集中控制，解决802.11P的分布 式拥塞控制策略带来的安全辅助效果差的问题，即通过基站集中式拥塞控制，提高了对车辆的安全辅助效果。
可选的，在本发明一实施例中，所述收发模块21，还用于发送调度请求；
所述处理模块22，还用于确定所述调度请求在定时器超时后未被所述基站响应，或确定出所述第一UE的PC5口发生拥塞，则辅助进行拥塞控制。
可选的，在本发明一实施例中，所述处理模块22，具体用于进行下述辅助拥塞控制行为中的至少一个：
第一行为、调整发包周期，和/或，调度分配请求的发送周期；
第二行为、检测定时器是否超时，若超时，则通过资源竞争方式请求资源；
第三行为、向所述基站发送PC5口拥塞状态信息；
第四行为、作为传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的UE，所述第一UE丢弃业务包。
可选的，在本发明一实施例中，所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述第一UE在统计周期内进行调整，所述统计周期包括Q个资源池调度分配周期，第Qi个资源池调度分配周期为所述Q个资源池调度分配周期内的任意一个，所述Q≥1，1≤Qi≤Q，且所述Q、所述Qi为整数。
可选的，在本发明一实施例中，所述处理模块22，具体用于在所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述第一UE在统计周期将当前发包周期调整为第一发包周期时，对于所述第Qi个资源池调度分配周期，所述第一UE将所述当前发包周期调整为所述第一发包周期，所述第一发包周期大于所述当前发包周期。
可选的，在本发明一实施例中，所述处理模块22，还用于将所述第一发包周期调整为第二发包周期，所述第二发包周期小于所述第一发包周期。
可选的，在本发明一实施例中，所述收发模块21，具体用于接收所述基站发送的DCI信息，所述DCI信息指示所述第一UE作为传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的UE。
可选的，在本发明一实施例中，所述处理模块22，还用于确定所述统计周期的资源的利用率是否超过拥塞控制的利用率门限；
所述收发模块21，还用于在所述处理模块22确定出所述统计周期的资 源的利用率超过拥塞控制的利用率门限时，向所述基站发送拥塞状态信息。
可选的，在本发明一实施例中，所述处理模块22，具体用于确定所述统计周期内每个传输时间间隔TTI上的每个物理资源块PRB上的能量是否超过能量检测门限，若所述统计周期内超过拥塞控制能量检测门限的PRB的总数与所述统计周期内总的PRB数的比值超过预设门限值，则确定资源池的利用率超过拥塞控制的利用率门限。
可选的，在本发明一实施例中，所述处理模块22，具体用于确定所述统计周期内子带PRB组的每个物理资源块PRB的平均能量是否超过能量检测门限，若所述统计周期内超过拥塞控制能量检测门限的PRB的总数与所述统计周期内总的PRB数的比值超过预设门限值，则确定资源池的利用率超过拥塞控制的利用率门限。
可选的，在本发明一实施例中，所述收发模块21，具体用于接收所述基站通过下行控制信息DCI、无线资源控制RRC或系统信息块SIB发送的指示信息。
图11为本发明基站实施例二的结构示意图。本实例提供的基站包括：处理器31、存储器32、通信接口33和系统总线34，所述存储器32和所述通信接口33通过所述系统总线34与所述处理器31连接并完成相互间的通信，所述存储器32用于存储计算机执行指令，所述通信接口33用于和其他设备进行通信，所述处理器31用于运行所述计算机执行指令，使所述基站执行如上应用于基站的方法的各个步骤。
图12为本发明终端实施例二的结构示意图。本实例提供的终端包括：处理器41、存储器42、通信接口43和系统总线44，所述存储器42和所述通信接口43通过所述系统总线44与所述处理器41连接并完成相互间的通信，所述存储器42用于存储计算机执行指令，所述通信接口43用于和其他设备进行通信，所述处理器41用于运行所述计算机执行指令，使所述终端执行如上应用于终端的方法的各个步骤。
上述图11、图12中提到的系统总线可以是外设部件互连标准(peripheral component interconnect，PCI)总线或扩展工业标准结构(extended industry standard architecture，EISA)总线等。所述系统总线可以分为地址总线、数据总线、控制总线等。为便于表示，图中仅用一条粗线表示，但并不表示仅有 一根总线或一种类型的总线。通信接口用于实现数据库访问装置与其他设备(例如客户端、读写库和只读库)之间的通信。存储器可能包含随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)，也可能还包括非易失性存储器(non-volatile memory)，例如至少一个磁盘存储器。
上述的处理器可以是通用处理器，包括中央处理器(Central Processing Unit，CPU)、网络处理器(Network Processor，NP)等；还可以是数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processing，DSP)、专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(Field－Programmable Gate Array，FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解：实现上述方法实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过程序指令相关的硬件来完成，前述的程序可以存储于一计算机可读取存储介质中，该程序在执行时，执行包括上述方法实施例的步骤；而前述的存储介质包括：ROM、RAM、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (60)

  1. 一种拥塞控制方法，其特征在于，包括：
    基站确定对所述基站覆盖范围内的终端UE进行拥塞控制；
    所述基站确定拥塞控制策略；
    所述基站从所述基站覆盖范围内的UE中确定出第一UE，所述第一UE为需要根据所述拥塞控制策略缓解拥塞的UE；
    所述基站向所述第一UE发送指示信息，所述指示信息携带所述拥塞控制策略，以使得所述第一UE根据所述拥塞控制策略进行调整。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基站确定对所述基站覆盖范围内的UE进行拥塞控制，包括：
    所述基站确定所述基站覆盖范围内的UE的传输次数是否满足预设传输次数；
    若满足所述预设传输次数，则确定所述基站覆盖范围内的UE是否满足拥塞控制的条件；
    若满足拥塞控制的条件，则确定对所述基站覆盖范围内的UE进行拥塞控制。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述拥塞控制条件包括第一条件和/或第二条件，其中，
    所述第一条件下，所述基站覆盖范围内的UE的资源需求总和大于所述基站覆盖范围内的UE中各UE间直接通信的可利用资源；
    所述第二条件下，所述基站覆盖范围内的UE中，至少一个UE传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限。
  4. 根据权利要求1～3任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述第一UE在统计周期内进行调整，所述统计周期包括Q个资源池调度分配周期，第Qi个资源池调度分配周期为所述Q个资源池调度分配周期内的任意一个，所述Q≥1，1≤Qi≤Q，且所述Q、所述Qi为整数。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述第一UE在所述统计周期内将当前发包周期调整为第一发包周期，所述基站确定拥塞控制策略，包括：
    所述基站根据调度队列中被授权调度的UE数，以及未被授权调度的UE 数，确定所述第一发包周期，所述第一发包周期大于所述当前发包周期，所述调度队列中的UE为与所述统计周期对应的UE；
    对于所述第Qi个资源池调度分配周期，所述基站根据所述调度队列中被授权调度的UE数、未被授权调度的UE数，以及传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的UE数，确定所述第一UE的数量。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    所述基站确定所述第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内资源的利用率小于拥塞控制的资源利用率门限；
    所述基站确定第二发包周期，所述第二发包周期小于第二UE的当前发包周期；
    所述基站从所述调度队列中确定出第二UE，所述第二UE为所述调度队列中的高优先级UE；
    所述基站向所述第二UE发送指示信息，以指示所述第二UE将当前发包周期调整为所述第二发包周期。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述拥塞控制策略具体指示第一UE在所述统计周期内将当前发包周期调整为第一发包周期，所述基站确定拥塞控制策略，包括：
    对于所述第Qi个资源池调度分配周期，所述基站确定所述第一发包周期以及所述第一UE的数量，所述第一发包周期为所述第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内发包周期最小的UE的发包周期的整数倍。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    所述基站确定所述第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内资源的利用率小于拥塞控制的资源利用率门限；
    所述基站确定第二发包周期，所述第二发包周期小于第二UE的当前发包周期；
    所述基站从所述调度队列中确定出第二UE，所述第二UE为所述调度队列中的高优先级UE；
    所述基站向所述第二UE发送指示信息，以指示所述第二UE将发包周期调整为所述第二发包周期。
  9. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述拥塞控制策略具体指 示所述基站根据当前统计周期的传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的第一UE的数量，确定出下一个统计周期传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的第一UE的数量，所述基站确定拥塞控制策略，包括：
    对于所述当前统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期，所述基站确定第一数量，所述第一数量为所述当前统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的第一UE的数量；
    对于所述下一个统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期，所述基站根据所述第一数量，确定第二数量，所述第二数量为所述下一个统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内，传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的第一UE的最终数量。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基站根据所述第一数量，确定第二数量，包括：
    所述基站确定所述下一个统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期的原始数量，所述原始数量为所述下一个统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的第一UE的原始数量，所述第二数量＝所述第一数量+所述原始数量。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    所述基站确定所述统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内资源的利用率小于拥塞控制的资源利用率门限；
    所述基站减小所述第一数量。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    所述基站确指示所述第二数量的第一UE轮流作为传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的UE。
  13. 根据权要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    所述基站确定发生切换的UE或者新接入的UE作为所述第一UE；
    所述发生切换的UE或者新接入的UE作为所述第一UE的次数，为所述第二数量的UE中作为所述第一UE的次数的最大值或平均值。
  14. 根据权利要求1～3任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述拥塞控制策略具体为指示所述第一UE通过Uu口发送业务包，所述Uu口为所述基站与所述第一UE之间无线通信的空中接口。
  15. 根据权利要求1～3任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述第一UE调整发射功率、自适应调制编码AMC或多载波负载均衡。
  16. 根据权利要求1～15任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基站向所述第一UE发送指示信息，包括：
    所述基站通过下行控制信息DCI或无线资源控制RRC向所述第一UE发送所述指示信息。
  17. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述第一UE在所述统计周期内将当前发包周期调整为第一发包周期，所述基站确定拥塞控制策略，包括：
    所述基站确定将所述基站覆盖范围内的所有UE的当前发包周期调整为所述第一发包周期；
    所述基站向所述第一UE发送指示信息，包括：
    所述基站通过系统信息块SIB向所述第一UE发送指示信息，所述第一UE为所述基站覆盖范围内的任意UE。
  18. 根据权利要求1～17任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    所述基站接收所述调度队列包含的UE上报的PC5口拥塞状态信息；
    所述基站从所述调度队列包含的UE中确定出第一UE，包括：
    所述基站根据所述PC5口拥塞状态信息，从所述调度队列包含的UE中确定出第一UE。
  19. 一种拥塞控制方法，其特征在于，包括：
    第一终端UE接收基站发送的指示信息，所述指示信息携带拥塞控制策略，所述拥塞控制策略为所述基站在确定出需要对所述基站覆盖范围内的UE进行拥塞控制后确定出的；
    所述第一UE根据所述拥塞控制策略进行调整。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    所述第一UE发送调度请求；
    所述第一UE确定所述调度请求在定时器超时后未被所述基站响应，或确定出所述第一UE的PC5口发生拥塞，则辅助进行拥塞控制。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一UE辅助进行 拥塞控制包括下述行为中的至少一个：
    第一行为、所述第一UE调整发包周期，和/或，调度分配请求的发送周期；
    第二行为、所述第一UE检测定时器是否超时，若超时，则通过资源竞争方式请求资源；
    第三行为、所述第一UE向所述基站发送PC5口拥塞状态信息；
    第四行为、所述第一UE作为传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的UE，所述第一UE丢弃业务包。
  22. 根据权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述第一UE在统计周期内进行调整，所述统计周期包括Q个资源池调度分配周期，第Qi个资源池调度分配周期为所述Q个资源池调度分配周期内的任意一个，所述Q≥1，1≤Qi≤Q，且所述Q、所述Qi为整数。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述第一UE在统计周期将当前发包周期调整为第一发包周期，所述第一UE根据所述拥塞控制策略进行调整以缓解PC5口拥塞的状态，包括：
    对于所述第Qi个资源池调度分配周期，所述第一UE将所述当前发包周期调整为所述第一发包周期，所述第一发包周期大于所述当前发包周期。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    所述第一UE将所述第一发包周期调整为第二发包周期，所述第二发包周期小于所述第一发包周期。
  25. 根据权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    所述第一UE接收所述基站发送的DCI信息，所述DCI信息指示所述第一UE作为传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的UE。
  26. 根据权利要求22～25任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    所述第一UE确定所述统计周期的资源的利用率是否超过拥塞控制的利用率门限，若超过，则向所述基站发送拥塞状态信息。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一UE确定所述统计周期的资源的利用率是否超过拥塞控制的利用率门限，包括：
    所述第一UE确定所述统计周期内每个传输时间间隔TTI上的每个物理 资源块PRB上的能量是否超过能量检测门限，若所述统计周期内超过拥塞控制能量检测门限的PRB的总数与所述统计周期内总的PRB数的比值超过预设门限值，则确定资源池的利用率超过拥塞控制的利用率门限。
  28. 根据权利要求26所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一UE确定所述统计周期的资源的利用率是否超过拥塞控制的利用率门限，包括：
    所述第一UE确定所述统计周期内子带PRB组的每个物理资源块PRB的平均能量是否超过能量检测门限，若所述统计周期内超过拥塞控制能量检测门限的PRB的总数与所述统计周期内总的PRB数的比值超过预设门限值，则确定资源池的利用率超过拥塞控制的利用率门限。
  29. 根据权利要求19～28任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述第一UE接收基站发送的指示信息，包括：
    所述第一UE接收所述基站通过下行控制信息DCI、无线资源控制RRC或系统信息块SIB发送的指示信息。
  30. 一种基站，其特征在于，包括：
    处理模块，用于确定对所述基站覆盖范围内的终端UE进行拥塞控制，确定拥塞控制策略，从所述基站覆盖范围内的UE中确定出第一UE，所述第一UE为需要根据所述拥塞控制策略缓解拥塞的UE；
    收发模块，用于向所述第一UE发送指示信息，所述指示信息携带所述拥塞控制策略，以使得所述第一UE根据所述拥塞控制策略进行调整。
  31. 根据权利要求30所述的基站，其特征在于，
    所述处理模块，具体用于确定所述基站覆盖范围内的UE的传输次数是否满足预设传输次数，若满足所述预设传输次数，则确定所述基站覆盖范围内的UE是否满足拥塞控制的条件，若满足拥塞控制的条件，则确定对所述基站覆盖范围内的UE进行拥塞控制。
  32. 根据权利要求31所述的基站，其特征在于，
    所述拥塞控制条件包括第一条件和/或第二条件，其中，
    所述第一条件下，所述基站覆盖范围内的UE的资源需求总和大于所述基站覆盖范围内的UE中各UE间直接通信的可利用资源；
    所述第二条件下，所述基站覆盖范围内的UE中，至少一个UE传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限。
  33. 根据权利要求30～32任一项所述的基站，其特征在于，所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述第一UE在统计周期内进行调整，所述统计周期包括Q个资源池调度分配周期，第Qi个资源池调度分配周期为所述Q个资源池调度分配周期内的任意一个，所述Q≥1，1≤Qi≤Q，且所述Q、所述Qi为整数。
  34. 根据权利要求33所述的基站，其特征在于，
    所述处理模块，具体用于在所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述第一UE在所述统计周期内将当前发包周期调整为第一发包周期时，根据调度队列中被授权调度的UE数，以及未被授权调度的UE数，确定所述第一发包周期，所述第一发包周期大于所述当前发包周期，所述调度队列中的UE为与所述统计周期对应的UE；对于所述第Qi个资源池调度分配周期，所述基站根据所述调度队列中被授权调度的UE数、未被授权调度的UE数，以及传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的UE数，确定所述第一UE的数量。
  35. 根据权利要求34所述的基站，其特征在于，
    所述处理模块，还用于确定所述第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内资源的利用率小于拥塞控制的资源利用率门限；确定第二发包周期，所述第二发包周期小于第二UE的当前发包周期；从所述调度队列中确定出第二UE，所述第二UE为所述调度队列中的高优先级UE；
    所述收发模块，还用于向所述第二UE发送指示信息，以指示所述第二UE将当前发包周期调整为所述第二发包周期。
  36. 根据权利要求33所述的基站，其特征在于，
    所述处理模块，具体用于在所述拥塞控制策略具体指示第一UE在所述统计周期内将当前发包周期调整为第一发包周期时，对于所述第Qi个资源池调度分配周期，所述基站确定所述第一发包周期以及所述第一UE的数量，所述第一发包周期为所述第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内发包周期最小的UE的发包周期的整数倍。
  37. 根据权利要求36所述的基站，其特征在于，
    所述处理模块，还用于确定所述第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内资源的利用率小于拥塞控制的资源利用率门限，确定第二发包周期，所述第二发包周期小于第二UE的当前发包周期；从所述调度队列中确定出第二UE，所述第 二UE为所述调度队列中的高优先级UE；
    所述收发模块，还用于向所述第二UE发送指示信息，以指示所述第二UE将发包周期调整为所述第二发包周期。
  38. 根据权利要求33所述的基站，其特征在于，
    所述处理模块，具体用于在所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述基站根据当前统计周期的传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的第一UE的数量，确定出下一个统计周期传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的第一UE的数量时，对于所述当前统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期，所述基站确定第一数量，所述第一数量为所述当前统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的第一UE的数量；对于所述下一个统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期，所述基站根据所述第一数量，确定第二数量，所述第二数量为所述下一个统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内，传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的第一UE的最终数量。
  39. 根据权利要求38所述的基站，其特征在于，
    所述处理模块，具体用于确定所述下一个统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期的原始数量，所述原始数量为所述下一个统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的第一UE的原始数量，所述第二数量＝所述第一数量+所述原始数量。
  40. 根据权利要求39所述的基站，其特征在于，
    所述处理模块，还用于确定所述统计周期的第Qi个资源池调度分配周期内资源的利用率小于拥塞控制的资源利用率门限；减小所述第一数量。
  41. 根据权利要求38所述的基站，其特征在于，
    所述处理模块，还用于指示所述第二数量的第一UE轮流作为传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的UE。
  42. 根据权利要求38所述的基站，其特征在于，
    所述处理模块，还用于确定发生切换的UE或者新接入的UE作为所述第一UE，所述发生切换的UE或者新接入的UE作为所述第一UE的次数，为所述第二数量的UE中作为所述第一UE的次数的最大值或平均值。
  43. 根据权利要求30～32任一项所述的基站，其特征在于，
    所述处理模块，还用于指示所述第一UE通过Uu口发送业务包，所述Uu口为所述基站与所述第一UE之间无线通信的空中接口。
  44. 根据权利要求30～32任一项所述的基站，其特征在于，
    所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述第一UE调整发射功率、自适应调制编码AMC或多载波负载均衡。
  45. 根据权利要求30～44任一项所述的基站，其特征在于，
    所述收发模块，具体用于通过下行控制信息DCI或无线资源控制RRC向所述第一UE发送所述指示信息。
  46. 根据权利要求33所述的基站，其特征在于，
    所述处理模块，具体用于在所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述第一UE在所述统计周期内将当前发包周期调整为第一发包周期时，确定将所述基站覆盖范围内的所有UE的当前发包周期调整为所述第一发包周期；
    所述收发模块，具体用于通过系统信息块SIB向所述第一UE发送指示信息，所述第一UE为所述基站覆盖范围内的任意UE。
  47. 根据权利要求30～46任一项所述的基站，其特征在于，
    所述收发模块，还用于接收所述调度队列包含的UE上报的PC5口拥塞状态信息；
    所述处理模块，具体用于根据所述PC5口拥塞状态信息，从所述调度队列包含的UE中确定出第一UE。
  48. 一种终端UE，其特征在于，所述终端为第一终端，所述第一终端包括：
    收发模块，用于接收基站发送的指示信息，所述指示信息携带拥塞控制策略，所述拥塞控制策略为所述基站在确定出需要对所述基站覆盖范围内的UE进行拥塞控制后确定出的；
    处理模块，用于根据所述拥塞控制策略进行调整。
  49. 根据权利要求48所述的UE，其特征在于，
    所述收发模块，还用于发送调度请求；
    所述处理模块，还用于确定所述调度请求在定时器超时后未被所述基站响应，或确定出所述第一UE的PC5口发生拥塞，则辅助进行拥塞控制。
  50. 根据权利要求49所述的UE，其特征在于，
    所述处理模块，具体用于进行下述辅助拥塞控制行为中的至少一个：
    第一行为、调整发包周期，和/或，调度分配请求的发送周期；
    第二行为、检测定时器是否超时，若超时，则通过资源竞争方式请求资源；
    第三行为、向所述基站发送PC5口拥塞状态信息；
    第四行为、作为传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的UE，所述第一UE丢弃业务包。
  51. 根据权利要求48所述的UE，其特征在于，所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述第一UE在统计周期内进行调整，所述统计周期包括Q个资源池调度分配周期，第Qi个资源池调度分配周期为所述Q个资源池调度分配周期内的任意一个，所述Q≥1，1≤Qi≤Q，且所述Q、所述Qi为整数。
  52. 根据权利要求51所述的UE，其特征在于，
    所述处理模块，具体用于在所述拥塞控制策略具体指示所述第一UE在统计周期将当前发包周期调整为第一发包周期时，对于所述第Qi个资源池调度分配周期，所述第一UE将所述当前发包周期调整为所述第一发包周期，所述第一发包周期大于所述当前发包周期。
  53. 根据权利要求52所述的UE，其特征在于，
    所述处理模块，还用于将所述第一发包周期调整为第二发包周期，所述第二发包周期小于所述第一发包周期。
  54. 根据权利要求48所述的UE，其特征在于，
    所述收发模块，具体用于接收所述基站发送的DCI信息，所述DCI信息指示所述第一UE作为传输等待的时延大于拥塞控制的时延门限的UE。
  55. 根据权要求48～54任一项所述的UE，其特征在于，
    所述处理模块，还用于确定所述统计周期的资源的利用率是否超过拥塞控制的利用率门限；
    所述收发模块，还用于在所述处理模块确定出所述统计周期的资源的利用率超过拥塞控制的利用率门限时，向所述基站发送拥塞状态信息。
  56. 根据权利要求55所述的UE，其特征在于，
    所述处理模块，具体用于确定所述统计周期内每个传输时间间隔TTI上的每个物理资源块PRB上的能量是否超过能量检测门限，若所述统计周期 内超过拥塞控制能量检测门限的PRB的总数与所述统计周期内总的PRB数的比值超过预设门限值，则确定资源池的利用率超过拥塞控制的利用率门限。
  57. 根据权利要求55所述的UE，其特征在于，
    所述处理模块，具体用于确定所述统计周期内子带PRB组的每个物理资源块PRB的平均能量是否超过能量检测门限，若所述统计周期内超过拥塞控制能量检测门限的PRB的总数与所述统计周期内总的PRB数的比值超过预设门限值，则确定资源池的利用率超过拥塞控制的利用率门限。
  58. 根据权利要求48～57任一项所述的UE，其特征在于，
    所述收发模块，具体用于接收所述基站通过下行控制信息DCI、无线资源控制RRC或系统信息块SIB发送的指示信息。
  59. 一种基站，其特征在于，包括：处理器、存储器、通信接口和系统总线，所述存储器和所述通信接口通过所述系统总线与所述处理器连接并完成相互间的通信，所述存储器用于存储计算机执行指令，所述通信接口用于和其他设备进行通信，所述处理器用于运行所述计算机执行指令，使所述基站执行如权利要求1-18任一项所述的方法。
  60. 一种终端，其特征在于，所述终端UE为第一UE，所述第一UE包括：处理器、存储器、通信接口和系统总线，所述存储器和所述通信接口通过所述系统总线与所述处理器连接并完成相互间的通信，所述存储器用于存储计算机执行指令，所述通信接口用于和其他设备进行通信，所述处理器用于运行所述计算机执行指令，使所述第一UE执行如权利要求19-29任一项所述的方法。
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