WO2018014147A1 - 电刷电流控制系统、电刷电流智能控制系统与控制方法 - Google Patents

电刷电流控制系统、电刷电流智能控制系统与控制方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2018014147A1
WO2018014147A1 PCT/CN2016/000405 CN2016000405W WO2018014147A1 WO 2018014147 A1 WO2018014147 A1 WO 2018014147A1 CN 2016000405 W CN2016000405 W CN 2016000405W WO 2018014147 A1 WO2018014147 A1 WO 2018014147A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
brush
current
brushes
pressure
intelligent control
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/000405
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄继林
张树民
田园
Original Assignee
黄继林
张树民
田园
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 黄继林, 张树民, 田园 filed Critical 黄继林
Priority to PCT/CN2016/000405 priority Critical patent/WO2018014147A1/zh
Priority to CN201680087136.8A priority patent/CN109417260B/zh
Publication of WO2018014147A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018014147A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/18—Contacts for co-operation with commutator or slip-ring, e.g. contact brush
    • H01R39/26—Solid sliding contacts, e.g. carbon brush
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/44—Devices for shifting brushes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a monitoring device and a monitoring method for a brush current of a motor in an electromechanical industry, in particular to a monitoring device and a monitoring method for a brush current of a large generator slip ring of a power system, which has reference significance for monitoring the brush current of a small motor. .
  • Manual adjustment of brush current The function of the brush is to transmit the excitation current. The current is the life of the brush. When the brush can't complete the task of normal, safe, and stable current transfer, all the indicators of the brush have no meaning. At present, the main generator of the power industry has a excitation current of 5,000 to 10,000 amps, and the number of large brushes is one or two hundred, arranged in 4 to 10 rows (or even more). When the brush current cannot be reasonably distributed, it is now on duty. Manual adjustment of personnel.
  • the normal current-carrying range of graphite brushes is ⁇ 25% of the rated current, 1.5 times the rated current allows the running time of 15 minutes; 2 times the rated current allows the running time of 60 seconds; 2.5 times the rated current allows the running time of 5 seconds bell.
  • the brush of most units is rated according to the manufacturer's product current density: 10 ⁇ 12A / cm 2 , short-term allowable current density: 13 ⁇ 17A / cm 2 , when the current density exceeds 25A / cm 2 , multiple brushes Performance is getting worse.
  • the brush can't normally carry current and cause the brush to malfunction. People simply understand that the brush is damaged and replace it. Yes, in our daily life, the electric appliances such as electric drills, vacuum cleaners, etc. are replaced when they are broken. However, on the large generator.
  • the brush can not be so simple to understand, the brush failure on the appliance does not cause serious damage to the adjacent equipment, and the brush failure on the large generator often develops damage to the related and adjacent equipment. We can see in a large number of generator brush accident reports that the brush failure not only refers to the brush itself and the compression spring, brush holder, slip ring damage, but also to the upstream and downstream equipment.
  • the upstream equipment is self-excited and excited, causing over-current protection action, and tripping and shutdown accidents.
  • Downstream equipment burnout failures such as: burning slip ring, insulation cylinder carbonization, grounding brush burnout, large shaft burnout pits, bush singeing, oil system deterioration, etc., also caused hydrogen explosion, large shaft bending, bearing capacity Large accidents such as shaft screw breaking and shaft seat displacement.
  • the brush current is too large to develop into a current rushing phenomenon. Although some conductive points can be forcibly disconnected during the operation of the spiral ring chute, the sliding surface is in a "red hot" state and the oxide film is lubricated due to excessive brush current. Sexuality and electrical resistance are destroyed, and the entire sliding surface of the brush becomes a good conductor of current. The current is not reduced by the sliding point of the slip ring spiral chute to cut off some conductive points until the brush is blown. At this time, the brush The body and brush grip temperature are already high, and they all form a good conductor of current. After the brush is blown, the current does not necessarily end. The brush holder will continue to conduct electricity, and the current may continue to increase, and then the brush holder will be melted.
  • the ring and the surrounding area cause the scraping and pulverizing action of the brush body, and the red hot electric carbon graphite material which is grounded in a large amount, and the ring fire, so that the surrounding of the slip ring is in the state of electric heating, ionization and heat release, and the electricity and the fire are accompanied by electricity.
  • Burning of the brush, forming Discharge the arc forms, or begins to conduct electricity in the form of an arc (this is the first path of the arc).
  • the first path of the arc has only one arc and the space is closest. However, this path has rotating and rotating wind, grooved wind, and ventilating wind, and the arc is not stable. At this stage, it should still be in the initial stage of burning. From this kind of accident notification, this stage will take a long time to develop (more than 10 minutes). In this stage, what kind of rotor grounding protection can't be reflected because there is no grounding.
  • the excitation output voltage recorded by the fault recorder has repeated fluctuations and increases, but the amplitude is not too large.
  • Arc discharge development stage Under the action of rotating wind and fan exhaust, the arc develops to the fan and the outer casing; after that, the surrounding of the slip ring and the fan are in the electric fire and the arc, the electric free, the hot free makes the slip ring, the near slip
  • the large shaft of the ring, the fan, the outer casing and its surroundings are in an ion-conducting state, which provides favorable conditions for the opening of the arc discharge path.
  • Arc second path Burn out the fan, large shaft, slip ring, insulation tube, etc.
  • the large shaft is very dangerous to discharge the conductive screw and the rotor lead. It not only burns and blows the long lead of the rotor, the conductive screw and its pressure cap, and the sealing ring; the hollow hydrogen of the rotor causes "hydrogen explosion", and the other end of the long lead of the rotor also Sealing did not cause too many serious hydrogen explosion accidents, but the accident of hydrogen explosion caused by brush fire has occurred in China.
  • the large shaft discharges the conductive screw and the long lead of the rotor, and burns the long lead wire to “demagnetization protection action”.
  • Arc fourth path The grounding brush is easily blown off.
  • the second, third, and fourth paths of the arc generally have two arcs.
  • the fifth path of the arc has three arcs of discharge, one of which is the discharge of the bearing bush to the large shaft.
  • the arc reaches the grounding body such as the outer casing, and after the grounding brush is burned, the arc seeks a discharge path between the bearing bushes (except for the bearing seat with the insulating partition); after the failure of such a unit occurs, the inspection of each bearing housing and the bearing bush is found. Often, more than one bearing pad is burned by the arc and the turbine oil is also degraded.
  • the second path of the arc begins, and the arc discharge has a large axis involved.
  • the large shaft is severely burned by the arc to a depth of 8 mm.
  • the fan is burned by the arc, causing the unit shaft to vibrate greatly, and the "vibration protection action" is tripped.
  • the accident causing serious damage is vibration, burning of the bearing bush, breakage of the bearing seat bolt, and displacement of the shaft seat.
  • Arc discharge is arbitrary and ruthless, regardless of metal conductors, insulating materials, cement, ceramics, glass, resin, etc., in the face of large energy arcs, the same arc is burned, smelted or even gasified, the arc will involve the current and lower level equipment, Destroy together, if not stopped by its superiors in a timely manner, will be destroyed together with its superiors and even leapfrogs. In the brush accident, if the excitation changes, the "overcurrent protection action" trips.
  • Brush burnout accident protection action tripping situation "unit vibration protection action” tripping machine, excitation changed “overcurrent protection action” tripping machine, burned excitation current loop (such as “rotor long lead” burned) caused “magnetism loss
  • the protection action "jumps the machine” while the main protection "ground protection” often fails to operate correctly, and the consequences of these protections are more serious.
  • all types of rotor grounding protection have unsatisfactory aspects, even misjudgments and dead zones.
  • Arc discharge is Unstable, the recorder data in the fault case also illustrates the discontinuity of the "ground signal", which has become a factor affecting the accurate operation of the grounding protection.
  • the generator graphite brush is used in combination with the steel slip ring.
  • the design has a stable current density of 6 ⁇ 8A/cm 2 and has sufficient margin. Below 3 ⁇ 5A/cm 2, it is difficult to form an oxide film or even cause dryness. friction.
  • the items used in life generally understand that the smaller the rating is, the safer it is. For example, if the car has 10 tons of nuclear load and only 1 ton, it is safe. But the brush can't understand it. For example, the brush with rated current of 100A, the actual 10A.
  • the following operations are not only the safest and most stable, but are very unfavorable for the safety and stability of the brush; basic theory and operating experience have shown that the light brush can not form a good oxide film or even destroy the oxide film.
  • some units require that when the generator is lightly loaded, part of the brush operation is exited. Many years ago, there were survey statistics in foreign countries.
  • the brush sliding operation at 60 ⁇ 120 °C is safe and stable. Too high and too low are unfavorable for the brush operation. It should be noted that this temperature It refers to the temperature of the sliding surface of the brush. This temperature cannot be measured during the operation of the brush slip ring. The surface temperature of the slip ring and the temperature of the brush body and the brush grip can be measured much lower than this value.
  • the current of the brush is less than 60 ° C, but it has a destructive effect on the safe and stable operation of the brush. .
  • the electrical equipment that we contact and know has more than one set of protection. There are no or no protective electrical equipment and components. It is forbidden to put into operation. The household electrical appliances we use every day and the industrial electrical equipment we are exposed to are equipped. Or with multi-level protection such as main protection and backup protection. When equipment or components fail anywhere, the protection action will withdraw it from the electrical circuit or disconnect the power supply, so that the equipment can be protected from serious damage. Some important equipment such as generators and transformers are protected by dozens of kinds. Even if one of the main protections needs to be withdrawn due to any reason, it must be reported to the provincial bureau and related superior technical supervisors or dispatchers, and the main protection exit must be strictly controlled. At the time of operation, some of the main protections are out of operation, and the system is also subject to stable accounting and preventive measures and accident plans.
  • the brush the core component that directly serves the "heart" of the generator, is not protected or controlled.
  • the on-duty person measures the brush current as the current measured by the card meter.
  • the existing automatic current monitoring device also measures the current from the brush.
  • the manual or automatic device measures the brush current.
  • the sum of the brush currents and the total excitation current have a certain deviation. In severe cases, the difference is even as high as 40% or more, indicating that there is a brush-grip diversion phenomenon, when the brush adheres to the brush holder.
  • the electric resistance of the riveting part of the brush is large, the shunting of the brush grip will be very large, and even directly lead to the burning accident of the brush.
  • the brush shunt problem in the brush running has always been an inability to monitor the blind spot. The brush shunt even caused the brush to run safely and quickly collapsed. There was no sign beforehand: the pressure and current were normal, but the accident was the first to destroy the evidence and the analysis could not be started. People (only) thought it was a brush problem.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a brush current control system, a brush current intelligent control system and a control method for intelligent monitoring, adjustment, control and protection of the brush current.
  • a brush current intelligent control system is characterized in that: a force sensor is arranged on a pulling end of each brush, each force sensor is connected to a controllable power device, and the controllable power device is The brush transmits a thrust, and the force sensor is connected to the controllable power device through a controller, and the brush current circuit is connected with a shunt or a Hall current sensor for measuring the current passing through the brush.
  • the shunt or Hall current sensor is connected to the controller, and the magnitude of the brush current is mainly adjusted and controlled by the brush pressure.
  • a vibration sensor is disposed on an overhanging end of the mover of the controllable power device for measuring a vibration amplitude and a frequency of the brush, and the vibration sensor measures the brush The amplitude and/or frequency exceeds a predetermined value and the controller will return the mover through the controllable power unit (the number of brushes returned needs to be controlled).
  • the present invention also provides a brush current control system, characterized in that a mover of a power device transmits a fixed thrust to the brush, and the brush current circuit is connected with a shunt or a Hall.
  • the present invention also provides an intelligent control method for brush current, wherein each brush of the generator is connected with the above-mentioned brush current intelligent control system, and is characterized in that:
  • the current of a brush is too large, that is, the current value is greater than or equal to 2 times the rated current of the brush: the brush is directly brushed off;
  • the current of a brush is too large, that is, the current value of the brush is greater than or equal to 1.5 times and less than 2 times the brush rated current: gradually reduce the brush pressure to the pressure low limit setting value, after three times of brushing and casting After the operation, the current still cannot be restored to the normal range, and the brush is raised to the state to be judged;
  • the current value of the brush is greater than or equal to 1.15 times and less than 1.5 times the rated current of the brush: gradually reduce the brush pressure to the lower limit of the pressure limit, and the brush is adjusted by pressure adjustment.
  • the current returns to the normal range;
  • the current of a brush is too small, that is, the current value of the brush is less than or equal to 0.5 times and greater than 0.25 times of the rated current of the brush: gradually increase the brush pressure to the high pressure limit setting, and the brush is adjusted by pressure adjustment.
  • the current returns to the normal range;
  • the current of a brush is too small, that is, the current value of the brush is less than or equal to 0.25 times of the rated current of the brush: gradually increase the brush pressure to the high pressure limit setting value, after three times of brushing and after the operation, the current is still Can not restore the normal range, brush up to the state to be judged.
  • the present invention also provides an intelligent control method for brush current, each brush of the generator is connected with the above-mentioned brush current intelligent control system, and a polishing brush and arc suppression are added on the running track of the brush.
  • Brush characterized by:
  • the polishing brush and the arc extinguishing brush act, and the oxide film is processed, and then the brushes of the larger current in the row of brushes are processed step by step. That is, the brush pressure is reduced until the pressure reaches a low limit until the average current of the row of brushes is within a prescribed range with respect to the average current deviation of the other rows of brushes;
  • the polishing brush and the arc extinguishing brush act, and the oxide film is processed, and then the brushes of the smaller current in the row of brushes are processed step by step. That is, the brush pressure is increased until the pressure reaches a high limit until the average current of the row of brushes is within a prescribed range with respect to the average current deviation of the other rows of brushes.
  • the present invention also provides an intelligent control method for brush current, wherein each brush of the generator is connected with the above-mentioned brush current intelligent control system, and is characterized in that:
  • the temperature sensor Providing a temperature sensor at a position where the brush holder of each brush is close to the slip ring, the temperature sensor transmitting a temperature signal to the controller;
  • the temperature measured by the temperature sensor reaches 135-140 ° C or higher, the corresponding brush is brushed off and a notification signal is sent;
  • the corresponding brush reduces the pressure and sends a high brush temperature signal.
  • the present invention also provides an intelligent control method for brush current, wherein each brush of the generator is connected with the above-mentioned brush current intelligent control system, and is characterized in that:
  • the sum of the brush currents is compared with the total excitation current. If the deviation exceeds the set allowable range, the brushing process is started, that is, the brush is lifted one by one, and the sum of the brush currents is calculated every time a brush is lifted. versus The difference between the total excitation current and the difference when the brush is lifted is significantly reduced, then the computer informs the duty officer to handle or remove the brush.
  • the present invention also provides an intelligent control method for brush current, each brush of the generator is connected with the above-mentioned brush current intelligent control system, and a polishing brush and arc suppression are added on the running track of the brush.
  • Brush characterized by:
  • a vibration sensor is arranged on the overhanging end of the mover to measure the vibration of the brush
  • the polishing brush and the arc-extinguishing brush of the row act to process the oxide film
  • the present invention also provides an intelligent control method for brush current, wherein each brush of the generator is connected with the above-mentioned brush current intelligent control system, and is characterized in that:
  • the brush When the generator excitation current is 60% or less of the rated current, the brush is gradually reduced by 1/5 to 1/3, and the number of brushes put into operation is positively correlated with the magnitude of the excitation current.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • Protection measures The brush current reaches the protection action setting value, and immediately (without time limit protection measures) the brush is taken out of operation and a signal is sent, thereby cutting off the accident chain and eliminating the hidden danger of the accident.
  • Adjustment measures The brush current deviates from the set normal operation current value, and the automatic control takes adjustment measures.
  • the brush current deviates from the set normal operation current value range is too large, the automatic control takes measures (such as adjusting the pressure) to reach the set limit, after the preliminary inspection process (such as brushing and commissioning three times), the brush is to be judged ( To be further judged), thereby controlling the trend of the brush to develop in an abnormal direction, eliminating the signs of brush failure, and eliminating the brush accident in the bud.
  • the automatic control takes measures (such as adjusting the pressure) to reach the set limit, after the preliminary inspection process (such as brushing and commissioning three times), the brush is to be judged ( To be further judged), thereby controlling the trend of the brush to develop in an abnormal direction, eliminating the signs of brush failure, and eliminating the brush accident in the bud.
  • Brush crisis protection The brush with large current is brushed off, the emergency backup brush has been put into operation all the time, and the brush with large current needs to be brushed back. At this time, the brush unsafe alarm signal is issued and the generator is reduced. Excitation current signal; if set, the number of limits that can be re-rolled (for example, always running brushes) After one-third to one-tenth of the number, after that, no matter what happens, it will not be swept away. If the brush with excessive current needs to be brushed back, it means that the safe operation of the brush is extremely dangerous. The "going to the successor" deteriorated the state of development.
  • the current technology mainly relies on the regular inspection and judgment of the on-duty personnel. Even if there is a parameter monitoring device such as current, the alarm signal is notified to the on-duty personnel to exceed the set range, but the treatment measures are different according to the human judgment and technical level. There is no effective programmatic treatment plan, and the alarm reminder actually causes the mental state of the staff to be "tight", “difficult” and "squatting".
  • the invention realizes the automatic adjustment, control and protection of the brush current from too small to too large.
  • the brush is easy to use, durable judgment, saving brushes, scientific management:
  • the brush is easy to use and durable:
  • Brush manufacturing is only to make static parameters, rather than to manufacture specific applicability products.
  • the brushes used on generators today are all general-purpose products, and only “product customization” can be applied, and the application is easy to use.
  • An important direction of the product manufacturing development concept is to simplify the use of learning to the greatest extent possible.
  • the dynamic parameters of the brush are not brand-name nor experts have the final say. They are controlled, recorded and counted by the computer, which makes the use simple and popular.
  • the computer automatically prints out the replacement work ticket and operation ticket: the unit increases the total number of installed brushes, and realizes some of the brushes to be used for standby.
  • the backup brush is self-operated, when a small amount of electricity
  • the computer records and can check in real time.
  • the backup brush is mostly put into operation or the running brush reaches the set number, the computer automatically prints out the replacement brush work.
  • the main generators in the power generation industry use up to one hundred and two large brushes, and the single poles are installed in 4 to 10 rows (or even more).
  • the initial brush runs smoothly.
  • a small number, a row or several The row gradually develops into a large vibration, while the other rows are in normal operation; this is the brush sliding friction self-vibration A typical form of expression.
  • the brush has a free moving gap in the brush holder.
  • the brush sliding operation actually includes a process of pause, acceleration, intermittent, deceleration, etc., and the process itself contains the instability of the sliding operation; the instability of the sliding, the unevenness,
  • the sliding friction coefficient is also volatility. Sliding friction fluctuations exist at any time, but it is not always called to brush vibration. When the fluctuation value is small (such as ⁇ / ⁇ 5% or less), the external vibration is not exhibited; When the fluctuation value is large (for example, ⁇ / ⁇ 10 to 15%), the external vibration is started; at this time, if the interference is not applied from the sliding friction coefficient, the vibration will progress toward the deterioration direction. The oxide film is damaged and is bad, and the friction coefficient ⁇ is increased.
  • the friction coefficient ⁇ is small, the friction fluctuation ⁇ / ⁇ is not large, and the brush sliding friction does not deteriorate from the vibration.
  • the oxide film is further destroyed first, which causes a series of adverse consequences: the current increases, the temperature rises, and the vibration increases. This is the current when we actually measure the vibration of the brush, and the current also increases.
  • Brush vibration failure brush manufacturers and brush research units, that is, academic experts in the laboratory are "simulated", the initial occurrence of brush vibration failure of the generator, often does not cause the attention of the duty personnel, until the vibration is serious It is difficult to handle and recover.
  • On-site personnel know the vibration and hammering phenomenon, and they need experience and experience to obtain a higher level of cognition, but even after many vibrations, it is difficult to sum up the law from the field research, rise to the theoretical height, and the vibration and hammer on site.
  • the phenomenon of hitting often has the limitation of "concrete”, that is, the "concrete” environment of the place where the generator is located at the same time and at that time is different, and the disturbance is not the same. How many types of generators are involved, how many times the brush vibration fault is involved.
  • slip ring wear mechanical wear + current wear + spark damage.
  • Mechanical wear 1 mechanical wear during normal operation; 2 mechanical damage after sliding the lubricating film is uneven or without film; 3 mechanical wear after spark generation.
  • spark damage After the spark destroys the oxide film, the energy of some conductive points is concentrated, and the powdering and evaporation effects are greatly increased, which becomes spark damage.
  • the collision of the brush with the slip ring is not the main factor causing damage to the slip ring.
  • the brush vibration, flea and hammering occur the brush collision firstly and quickly destroys the oxide film layer on the sliding surface.
  • the lubricating component which is beneficial to the brush sliding operation is destroyed, and the sliding friction coefficient will increase. Large, then the brush sliding operation will be more unstable, the vibration will further increase and cannot self-recover; in addition, the oxide film is destroyed, and the properties of conduction, breakdown, discharge, etc. in the brush conduction theory will also mutate.
  • the oxide film has the property of resistance.
  • Various forms of spark ring damage caused by currents such as spark discharge, cauterization, gasification, evaporation and pulverization are classified as electrocautery and electric erosion. This is the brush vibration. We don’t think the slip ring is gone. Lightness (smoothness), the microscopic appearance of pitting, micro-pits, pits, and depressions on the surface of the slip ring, which is obviously not caused by the brush collision factor, and further, the "strip marks" on the slip ring.
  • slip rings high-speed unit slip ring diameters of 450 mm or more
  • large-scale units 600 MW and above
  • the slip ring can be used for a smaller amount of grinding, and the slip ring must be replaced after a few times.
  • Many power generation units today do not have or have the technology and equipment for slip ring grinding. It is a great project for the grinding and replacement of slip rings. If the slip ring grinding can inevitably bring long-term safe operation. Then, the car grinding is of course possible, but it is not the case. It is a last resort and a remedy for the slippery ring.
  • Car grinding does not necessarily bring safety or safety.
  • the car grinding is passive and forced. Remedial measures, not active and positive preventive measures, not to mention that most units do not have the technology and equipment for grinding, even if the grinding is the technical strength of the unit, the smoothness of the slip ring after the grinding is generally about 6 or so, about The thickness of 10,000 layers of carbon graphite; even if the smoothness of the slip ring is required to be 10, the thickness of about 600 layers of carbon graphite; the unevenness is far beyond the thickness of the normal oxide film.
  • Car grinding is a technical means of remediation and recovery. Its value will be compromised. Even its value is negative. Too many cars are forced to replace slip rings. It is not a work that can be done by ordinary units. Most units have to resort to manufacturing. factory.
  • the brush slip ring runs real-time information into the regional network, the industry network, the Internet, the parameters of the brush slip ring, its own information, related information, coordinated actions, data storage and recording, communication and discussion, easy to run analysis, computerized, network Integration, intelligence, protection, control, measurement and data communication integration, from manual control to intelligent automatic control.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a brush current intelligent control system provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of a brush current intelligent control system provided by the present invention.
  • Noun reduce brush, brush, back brush, spare brush, brush that is about to set the life, to be judged Brush, emergency backup brush.
  • Reduce the brush Reduce the number of brushes in the running, that is, brush a part of the running brush.
  • Swipe The brush is directly taken out of operation, and is no longer put into operation under any circumstances (for example, a brush with an excessive current and an extremely high temperature).
  • the brush to be judged for example, if the current is too large or too small, the pressure adjustment gradually reaches the adjustable pressure setting limit, and the current still cannot recover the set range, and the brush is raised, and this is the state to be judged. Because the brush current is not only related to the pressure, but also related to the oxide film, and even related to other brush working conditions, the new oxide film is in a stable state for a period of time after the oxide film is to be processed, or the brush operation is judged by human inspection. In the case, the intelligent analysis control system further determines the brush that is brushed in the state to be judged.
  • Emergency backup brush In case of emergency or urgent need for brush operation, the brush that can be put into operation is put into operation according to the setting; the emergency backup brush includes: backup brush, brush for reducing brush operation The brush that is about to set the life, the brush to be judged, the brush to be judged that the current is still too small.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a brush current intelligent control system provided by the present invention.
  • the mechanism 11 is called a pulling end, and a force sensor 3 is disposed on the pulling end, and a mover 5 of a force motor 4 (a linear motor whose output thrust is a target task) is connected to the force sensor 3, through which the force is passed.
  • the sensor 3 transmits a thrust to the brush 1, and the force sensor 3 is connected to the force motor 4 via a controller (not shown); the brush 1 is connected to the current divider 8 for measuring electricity The magnitude of the current passing through the brush 1 is connected to the controller.
  • the controller When the current on the brush 1 measured by the shunt 8 exceeds the upper limit value, the controller issues an instruction. The thrust of the output of the force motor 4 is reduced until the current on the brush 1 is lower than the upper limit; conversely, when the current on the brush 1 measured by the flow divider 8 is less than the lower limit, the controller issues an instruction to The thrust of the output of the force motor 4 is increased until the current on the brush 1 is higher than the lower limit value.
  • a linear position sensor 6 for recording the telescopic distance of the mover 5 for calculating the remaining length of the brush 1 is also connected to the mover 5, and the linear position sensor 6 is connected to the controller. If the sensor element carried by the force motor 4 itself is capable of realizing the position sensor function, the force motor 4 constitutes the linear position sensor 6. If the force motor 4 does not have a position sensor function, the linear position sensor 6 can be separately provided as shown in FIG. As the brush 1 wears out, when the brush 1 is used to the set length, the controller receives the feedback signal of the linear position sensor 6, and returns the mover 5 of the force motor 4 to return the brush 1 to run. .
  • the backup brush (also having the brush current intelligent control system) is automatically put into operation, and the structure of the standby brush is the same as that of the working brush 1. I will not repeat them here.
  • the controller will cut off the power of the force motor 4 to save electric energy, and at the same time, if the force motor 4 has the power-off self-locking function, the mover 5 will be self-locking by the force motor 4, and cannot be freely stretched. If the force motor 4 does not have the power-off self-locking function, as shown in FIG. 1, a self-locking mechanism is provided on the mover 5, and the self-locking mechanism is provided by the positioning concave 51 and the mover 5 on the mover 5.
  • the spring pin 52 of one side is composed. When the mover 5 is retracted to the predetermined position, the spring pin 52 is snapped into the positioning recess 51 by the elastic force to realize the self-locking position.
  • a brush lifting mechanism 11 is provided at the pulling end of the brush 1, the brushing mechanism 11 is made of an elastic material, and the middle portion is connected to the mover 5, and the two ends are connected with a brush.
  • the recessed holes on the pulling end of 1 are movably connected, and under the action of an external force (such as pinching both ends), the brushing mechanism 11 can be disengaged from the pulling end of the brush 1 to facilitate the replacement of the brush 1.
  • a hydrogen gas sensor (not shown) may be disposed above the brush 1, and the hydrogen sensor is connected to the controller. Once the hydrogen sensor detects that the hydrogen concentration reaches the set value, an alarm signal is issued and the brush lifting action is blocked, the polishing brush and the arc extinguishing brush are blocked, and ventilation is enhanced to prevent hydrogen explosion.
  • the force motor 4 in the foregoing embodiment can also be replaced by a push-pull electromagnet, and the function of the shunt 8 can also be replaced by the Hall current sensor 9, as shown in FIG. 2, which is the brush current intelligent control system provided by the present invention.
  • the push-pull electromagnet 7 preferably uses a slow long-stroke (for example, a solenoid type) electromagnet to output the thrust to the mover 5. At this time, it is generally required to connect the spring to the mover 5. 71.
  • the spring 71 pulls the mover 5 back or forward in a normal state to provide a push-pull force in conjunction with the push-pull electromagnet 7.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 has the same structure and working principle as the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and details are not described herein.
  • the force motor 4 such as an electric push rod, an electro-hydraulic push rod, a hydraulic cylinder, the electric push rod or the electro-hydraulic push rod outputting thrust
  • the power motor of the electric push rod can be equipped with a hollow cup motor to achieve the fast action and the output flexible force; at this time, in order to absorb the influence of vibration, an elastic material (such as an elastic gasket) can be installed at the pulling end of the brush.
  • the buffer is formed, and the rest of the structure and working principle are similar, and will not be described here.
  • any controllable power unit can be applied to the present invention.
  • the brush current arrangement control system is introduced by taking the brush 1 arranged in the horizontal direction as an example.
  • the pressure between the brush 1 and the slip ring 2 does not follow the brush. 1
  • the change of self-weight changes, and the pressure control is relatively simple.
  • the brush 1 above the slip ring 2 is composed of the thrust of the force motor 4 (or the push-pull electromagnet 7 plus the spring 71) plus the weight of the brush 1; the brush 1 below the slip ring 2,
  • the pressure is composed of the thrust of the force motor 4 (or the push-pull electromagnet 7 plus the spring 71) minus the self-weight of the brush 1; the pressure calculation method of the brush 1 on the side of the slip ring 2 varies with the inclination angle; If the pressure values of the respective brushes 1 are required to be as equal as possible, it is also necessary to consider the arrangement position of the brushes 1 and the wear of the brushes 1.
  • the angle of inclination of each brush 1 during use is constant. Therefore, the influence of the weight of the components other than the brush 1 on the pressure of the working surface is constant, and can be regarded as a constant and can be passed in advance.
  • the measurement adds the influencing factors to the control information of the controller to eliminate the influence of the constant; while the weight of the brush 1 is a variable, and the weight varies with the wear and tear, but the weight of the brush 1 varies with the length of the brush 1
  • the change of the law changes regularly, so the controller can also change the thrust of the force motor 4 (or the push-pull electromagnet 7 plus the spring 71) by the information fed back by the linear position sensor 6 to eliminate the influence of the variable to achieve more precise pressure. control.
  • the above is the integrated scheme of the brush current intelligent control scheme of the present invention.
  • the invention can also adopt a simplified scheme for brush current control, and only includes: a controller, a force motor, a brushing mechanism and a current sensor.
  • the pressure applied by the force motor to the brush is an unadjustable constant value (just as the constant pressure applied by the constant pressure spring of the prior art to the brush), and the current sensor only sets a feedback message, that is, the brush "current is too large”.
  • the information is fed back to the controller, and the controller commands the force motor to “reverse brush” (the controller sets the total number of brushes to be brushed back).
  • the present invention can be considered to realize a single function, a partial function, and an integrated function according to the needs in actual production specific applications.
  • the invention also provides an intelligent control method of brush current to realize automatic adjustment, control and protection of brush current:
  • the protection action is directly “back brushed”; it is a time-limited protection measure, but it must pass the “strong excitation action blocking” permission – strong excitation
  • the action, the brush with too large current and large current may reach the setting value of the current “back brush” action of the current oversized brush, which may cause the simultaneous action of the strong excitation action and the current oversized brush to directly “reverse brush” action. Therefore, the current "over-brush" action of the current oversized brush is subject to a strong excitation action.
  • the current of a brush is too small (the current value is less than or equal to 0.5 times and greater than 0.25 times the rated current of the brush): gradually increase the brush pressure to the high pressure limit setting, and the brush current is adjusted by the pressure adjustment. Return to normal range (adjustment measures).
  • the above current is too large, the current is too large, the current is too small, the current is too small to adjust, the control measures, the setting value is divided by the current, and there is a whole time limit (such as between 0.1 seconds and 60 seconds) to prevent the control device from frequently moving.
  • the above three brushing the first brushing 2 ⁇ 10s, the second brushing time is 5 ⁇ 30s after the interval is set, and the brushing is 20 ⁇ 120s for the third time after the interval setting time.
  • the prior art relies on artificial adjustment and control of the "rushing current phenomenon” to continue to deteriorate and develop.
  • the limitations of human regulation and control (1) The phenomenon of "rushing current phenomenon” cannot be found in time; (2) It is difficult to target and timely. Realization, and each person's technology is very different; (3) There is personal danger in dealing with the deterioration of the brush; (4) It is difficult to effectively stop and cut off the accident chain.
  • Omni-directional, full-range, full-process Monitor each brush in real time (multiple parameters: current, temperature).
  • the current is too small, too small, too large, too large, and oversized to control (concurrent signal and display the specific number of the brush).
  • the invention is directed to different operating modes of the generator, and the control method of the brush current is also different.
  • the starting pressure is the brush pressure low limit
  • the pressure increase value range is the brush pressure high limit minus the brush pressure low limit and multiplied by 80%.
  • the invention adjusts, controls and protects the brush current into a normal mode.
  • the brush current intelligent control method provided by the invention has the order of operation in the case of an emergency of the brush: when a certain brush current is oversized, the brush current is oversized, and then a certain brush current is oversized, and the brushing occurs.
  • the order of the emergency backup brushes is: the backup brush, the brush with light load, the brush that is about to set the life, the brush to be judged, It is to be judged that the brush has judged that the current is still too small.
  • a set of devices is additionally provided on the brush running track to control the buffing brush, and another set of devices controls the arc extinguishing brush, and is automatically put into operation as needed.
  • the polishing brush is also called a descaling brush and an abrasive brush, and the material and structure thereof are prior art, and are used for removing a bad film layer on the sliding working surface of the slip ring brush, and the material and structure of the arc extinguishing brush are also
  • a typical structure is the "arcing brush" disclosed in Chinese Patent Application No. 200710003579.7.
  • the brush current intelligent control method provided by the invention can also be implemented by combining the average current comparison of the rows of brushes (adding a polishing brush and an arc extinguishing brush on the running track of the brush):
  • the average current of a whole row of brushes is larger than the average current of the other rows of brushes (for example, more than 150% of the average current of the other rows of brushes), then the brush, the arc extinguishing brush, and the oxide film are processed (set Time limit), and then gradually process the brush of the larger current in the row of brushes, that is, reduce the brush pressure. Until the average current of the row of brushes is within a specified range with respect to the average current deviation of the other rows of brushes.
  • the average current of a whole row of brushes is smaller than the average current of the other rows of brushes (for example, less than 50% of the average current of the other rows of brushes), then the polishing brush, arc extinguishing brush action, processing oxide film (set Time limit), and then gradually process the brush of the smaller current in the row of brushes, that is, increase the brush pressure. Until the average current of the row of brushes is within a specified range with respect to the average current deviation of the other rows of brushes.
  • the brush current intelligent control method provided by the invention also considers the brush running temperature control:
  • each brush holder 21 near the slip ring end, within a range of 1 to 5 mm from the bottom end of the brush holder 21, a small hole is drilled, and a point type temperature sensing element (temperature sensor 22) is installed. ), to measure the temperature of the brush body approaching the sliding working surface, the temperature signal is transmitted to the controller via the temperature sensor 22.
  • the temperature sensing element is set to “reverse brushing” from 135 to 140 °C; the temperature sensing element is set to 115 to 135 °C to reduce the pressure. If the temperature continues to rise, the “brushing” is to be checked.
  • the brush current intelligent control method provided by the invention also considers the light load reduction operation of the generator:
  • the rated load current of the generator is 60% or less
  • the setting is reduced by 1/5 ⁇ 1/3, and the brush determines the number of brushes to be driven according to the excitation current, and the brush is thrown at any time.
  • the generator load increases, it is gradually put into operation (ie, the number of brushes put into operation is positively correlated with the magnitude of the excitation current).
  • the brushing operation setting conditions can be selected as follows: (1) reduce the number by brush; (2) reduce the brush from the high current brush; (3) reduce the brush from the small current brush; (4) the electricity from the high temperature The brush starts to reduce the brush.
  • the brush current intelligent control method provided by the invention has the following steps for judging and controlling the brush shunt:
  • the logic analysis part of the controller compares the sum of the brush currents with the total excitation current according to the set time. If the deviation is larger than the set allowable range, the brushing process is started, the brush is lifted for three seconds and each one is lifted. When brushing, the difference between the sum of the brush currents and the total excitation current is calculated. When the brush is lifted, the difference is significantly reduced (for example, when the brush is lifted, the sum of the brush currents changes by more than 5% or even More than 10%), indicating that the brush grip is severely shunted, the computer informs the duty officer to handle or remove the brush.
  • the brush current intelligent control method provided by the invention also considers the brush vibration (for this purpose, a vibration sensor 55 is arranged on the overhanging end of the mover 5 to measure the vibration of the brush 1 and is added on the brush running track.
  • a vibration sensor 55 is arranged on the overhanging end of the mover 5 to measure the vibration of the brush 1 and is added on the brush running track.
  • the fluctuation of the friction coefficient and the unevenness and fluctuation of the current cause the vibration of the sliding operation of the brush.
  • the oxide film is defective (no film, no film) Uniform, bad film), polishing brush, arc-extinguishing brush action, eliminating vibration in the germination stage.
  • Pressure and current have upper and lower limit set values
  • temperature has upper limit set value: pressure upper limit, lower limit, current upper limit, lower limit, upper temperature limit, - five set values are controlled separately, when controlling a single parameter, If any parameter reaches the limit value, the brush "brushes" to be checked.
  • the brush that has been out of operation can be taken out of operation and replaced with a new brush until all the brushes are restored. status.
  • the polishing brush and the arc-extinguishing brush are used to process the oxide film at the set time limit.
  • the small motor current has a small number of small brushes, and one of the brushes may carry all the currents.
  • the intelligent control needs to consider the order of handling the abnormal conditions of the brushes.
  • the brush with low current and low temperature should be processed first, when the current is small, After the brush with a low temperature is normally loaded, the brush with a large current and a high temperature is processed.

Abstract

一种电刷电流控制系统、电刷电流智能控制系统与控制方法，在电刷（1）的提拉端上设置有力传感器（3），一个可控动力装置的动子（5）与所述力传感器（3）连接，通过所述力传感器（3）向所述电刷（1）传递推力，所述力传感器（3）再通过控制器与可控动力装置相连，所述电刷电流回路连接有分流器（8）或者霍尔电流传感器（9），用于测量电刷（1）上通过的电流大小，所述分流器（8）或者霍尔电流传感器（9）与所述控制器相连。使用的时候，当分流器（8）测量到的电刷（1）上的电流超过了上限值，则控制器发出指令，使力电机（4）输出的推力增大，直至电刷（1）上的电流低于上限值；反之，当分流器（8）测量到的电刷（1）上的电流小于下限值，则控制器发出指令，使力电机（4）输出的推力减小，直至电刷（1）上的电流高于下限值。

Description

电刷电流控制系统、电刷电流智能控制系统与控制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及机电行业电机用电刷电流的监控装置以及监控方法，特别是涉及电力系统大型发电机滑环用电刷电流的监控装置以及监控方法，对于小型电机用电刷电流的监控有参考意义。
背景技术
1、电刷电流人工调整：电刷的职能就是传递励磁电流，电流是电刷的生命，当电刷不能完成正常合理、安全、稳定传递电流的任务，电刷所有指标都没有意义。现在电力行业主力发电机组励磁电流高达五千至上万安培，使用大型电刷数量达一两百个，按4～10排(甚至更多)排列，当电刷电流不能合理分配，现在都是值班人员人工调整。
2、电刷电流不能合理分配与造成的故障：
电刷电流过大：
任何物品都有一个使用极限的问题，到达、越过这个极限就很难向好的方向转变而是往恶性方向发展。
有资料介绍：石墨类电刷正常载流范围是额定电流的±25％，1.5倍额定电流允许运行时间15分钟；2倍额定电流允许运行时间60秒钟；2.5倍额定电流允许运行时间5秒钟。(绝大多数机组应用的电刷按厂家的产品额定电流密度：10～12A/cm2，短时允许电流密度：13～17A/cm2，电流密度超过25A/cm2时，电刷多项性能变坏。)
当电流密度过大，难以无火花运行，就是说电流密度过大是产生火花的本质因素之一；火花破坏电刷滑环运行中的氧化膜，电刷电流不能合理分配从而导致电刷故障。
电刷不能正常载流导致电刷故障，人们朴素理解电刷损坏就把它换掉，是的，我们日常生活中家电如电钻、吸尘器等的电刷，坏了就更换，然而，大型发电机上的电刷却不能这么简单理解，家电上的电刷故障并不造成相邻设备的严重损坏，大型发电机上的电刷故障往往发展成为对相关和相邻设备的损坏。 我们在大量的发电机电刷事故报告中可以看到，电刷故障不仅是指电刷本身以及压簧、刷握、滑环损坏，而且波及到上下游设备。
上游设备是自并励、励磁变，造成过流保护动作，并且发变联锁跳闸、停机事故。
下游设备烧毁故障如：烧损滑环、绝缘筒碳化、接地电刷烧坏、大轴烧出坑洞、轴瓦烧毛、油系统劣化等，还曾引起过氢爆、大轴弯曲、承力轴座螺钉振断、轴座位移等大事故。
电刷电流由分配不合理到发展成严重事故的过程：
电刷电流过大发展成抢电流现象，虽然因滑环螺旋斜槽运转过程中能够强制断开部分导电点，但由于电刷电流过大，滑动面处于“红热”状态，氧化膜的润滑性、电阻性被破坏，电刷整个滑动面都成了电流的良导体，电流并不会因滑环螺旋斜槽运转断开部分导电点而减小，直至烧断刷辫，此时，刷体、刷握温度都已很高，都成电流的良导体，刷辫烧断后电流不一定结束，还将通过刷握接着继续导电，电流还可能继续增大，继而烧熔刷握。烧断刷辫、烧熔刷握、滑动面红热状态，氧化膜被破坏殆尽，火花已经很大，和着刷握的熔融物，形成环火状态；刷握的熔融物溅射到滑环及周围，造成对电刷体的刮削、粉碎作用，大量磨落下的红热电碳石墨材料，和着环火，使滑环的周围处于电热、电离、热游离状态，电与火伴随着电刷的烧灼，形成
Figure PCTCN2016000405-appb-000001
放电，电弧形成了，或者说是以电弧的形式开始了导电(这是电弧的第一条路径)。
电弧第一路径，只有一段电弧，空间距离最近，但这条路径，有旋转及旋转风、沟槽风、通风孔风，电弧并不能够稳定。这个阶段，应当还是处于烧毁的起步阶段，从该类事故通报看这个阶段发展时间较长(达10分钟以上)，在这个阶段中，什么形式的转子接地保护，都反应不出来，因为没有接地；故障录波器记录的励磁输出电压有反复波动、有增大，但幅度都不是太大。
电弧放电发展阶段：电弧在旋转风及风扇抽风作用下，电弧发展到风扇和外壳罩；这之后，滑环周围、风扇周围处于电火及电弧中，电游离、热游离使滑环、近滑环的大轴、风扇、外壳罩及其周围都处于离子导电状态，为电弧放电路径的开辟提供了有利的条件。
电弧第二路径：
Figure PCTCN2016000405-appb-000002
烧坏风扇、大轴、滑环、绝缘筒等。
电弧第三路径：
Figure PCTCN2016000405-appb-000003
大轴对导电螺钉、转子引线放电是很危险的，不仅烧毁、烧断转子长引线、导电螺钉及其压帽、密封圈；转子中空氢气会引起“氢爆”，转子长引线的另一端也密封，才没有造成太多的严重氢爆事故，但因电刷冒火造成氢爆的事故在我国曾经发生过。
大轴对导电螺钉、转子长引线放电，烧断长引线“失磁保护动作”跳机。
电弧第四路径：
Figure PCTCN2016000405-appb-000004
接地电刷很容易被烧断。
电弧第二、三、四路径一般有两段电弧。
电弧第五路径：
Figure PCTCN2016000405-appb-000005
从电刷烧毁事故通报看，并不是每次电刷烧毁事故电弧都发展成为五条路径全部过程，到某个过程停机或跳机，电弧当然便不可能再发展了。
电弧第五路径有三段电弧放电，其中一段是轴瓦对大轴放电。电弧到了外壳罩等接地体，接地电刷烧毁后，电弧在各轴瓦间寻求放电路径(有绝缘隔层的轴承座除外)；这类故障的机组发生后，在打开各轴承座、轴瓦检查发现，往往不止一处轴瓦被电弧烧灼，并且还劣化了透平油。
电弧第二路径开始，电弧放电都有大轴参与了，大轴被电弧烧灼严重者深达8mm坑洞；再加上风扇被电弧烧灼，造成机组轴系振动大，“振动保护动作”跳机；造成损坏严重的事故有振坏、烧灼轴瓦，轴承座螺栓断裂，轴座位移。
电弧为什么不稳定地走最近的路径、还舍近求远绕圈子走其它路径呢？我们看事故后学术专家和电机厂专家参与时的分析结论是：其它路径可能放电部位相对静止而维持稳定的电弧。从事故后果看，如大轴被电弧烧灼是在大轴的某个或几个固定部位烧成深洞或一小片烧多个洞，而不是沿着大轴圆周烧灼。
电弧放电任性而且无情，不论金属导体、绝缘材料、水泥、陶瓷、玻璃、树脂等，在大能量电弧面前，一样的被电弧烧毁、冶炼甚至气化，电弧将涉及到的本级、下级设备，一同毁灭，若不被其上级及时制止，还将连带着其上级甚至越级一同毁灭。电刷事故中如造成励磁变“过流保护动作”跳机。
那么电弧放电能量占励磁电源所供能量的多少呢？某省级电科院在2007年发表的研究文章，在100MW机组事故例中依据故障录波器数据，经计算电弧能量占比约60％，电弧功率超过180KW。由此估算巨型机组电刷电弧放电 功率达到800KW也是有可能的，这么巨大的电弧能量将滑环、风扇、大轴等烧毁，近年来发生的这类事故，大多造成大轴返回电机厂修理。
电刷烧毁事故保护动作跳机情况有：“机组振动保护动作”跳机，励磁变“过流保护动作”跳机，烧坏励磁电流回路(如“转子长引线”烧断)致“失磁保护动作”跳机；而主保护“接地保护”却常未能正确动作跳机，这些保护越级动作的情况造成的后果都很严重。转子接地保护各机型实际应用不少于五种类型，但各类型转子接地保护都有不尽如人意的方面，甚至有误判和死区，况且又必须是带时限保护，电弧放电又是不稳定的，故障实例中录波器数据也说明了“接地信号”时断时续性，这都成为影响接地保护准确动作的因素。
电刷电流过小：
发电机石墨类电刷与钢质滑环的配合使用，设计时按稳定电流密度6～8A/cm2，并有充足的裕量，低于3～5A/cm2难以形成氧化膜甚至造成干摩擦。
生活中使用的物品一般理解，额定值以下越小越安全，比如汽车核载10吨只装1吨，当然是安全的；但电刷却不能这么理解，如额定电流100A的电刷，实际10A以下运行不仅不是最安全稳定的，反而对电刷安全稳定是很不利的；基础理论和运行经验都表明：电刷轻载不能形成良好的氧化膜甚至破坏氧化膜。为预防电刷电流过小造成故障，有的单位要求，发电机轻载运行时，退出部分电刷运行。多年前国外就有调查统计资料介绍，电刷的某些故障，85％以上源于电刷轻载。上世纪70年代及以前，对电刷理论认识与研究还很不成熟，曾经朴素地认为，安装电刷越多越好，100MW～160MW的机组单极达40～60个电刷，那时认为即便一半不正常了、另一半正常载流也能够满足机组运行要求，随着对电刷理论认识的深入以及实际运行中电刷故障情况得出结论，并不是电刷越多越好，新时期机组容量增大很多而电刷数量却没有增加多少，如700MW以上巨型机组容量增大了数倍，设计仅用了36个电刷(按载流可比面积约相当于过去的50个左右)，电刷数量没有增加，而恶劣的电刷烧毁事故却减少了；从理论和实践中得出相同的结论证明：电刷电流大于50％额定电流运行，才是安全稳定可靠的，电流过小是有害的。
以电刷运行过程中比较容易理解的温度为例看看电流过小的影响，60～120℃电刷滑动运行是安全平稳的，过高过低都对电刷运行不利，需注意，这个温度是指电刷滑动工作面的温度，电刷滑环运行中这个温度无法测量，日 常能够测量的滑环表面温度和电刷体及刷握温度，都比此数值低很多，电刷较小的电流，达不到60℃以上的温度，反而对电刷安全稳定运行有破坏作用。
3、电刷运行中无保护、无控制：
我们所接触、所知道的电气设备都有甚至不止一套保护，没有、不装设保护的电气设备、元件，禁止投入运行，我们日常使用的家电产品和接触到的工业电气设备，都设有或自带有主保护、后备保护等多级保护，当设备、元件任何地方出现故障，保护动作将其退出电气回路或说是断开电源，使设备得到保护而避免更严重地损坏。一些重要设备如发电机、变压器的保护多达几十种，哪怕其中的一种主保护因故需要退出运行，都得汇报省局及有关上级技术主管或调度，同时还要严格控制主保护退出运行的时间，有的主保护退出运行还要进行系统稳定的核算并做好预防性的措施和事故预案。
电刷，这个直接为发电机“心脏”提供服务的核心部件，不仅没有保护，也没有控制手段。
如果，作为电气设备、元件、部件，若自身价值低，当其故障损坏若不造成恶劣的影响，不涉及上下级与相邻设备，那么没有保护也是可以理解；而电刷一旦不正常运行，其造成的故障后果将涉及上下级设备。
从电刷事故报告中可以看出，故障的初级阶段发展的时间较长，有的事故报告中这个阶段用了“缓慢的”来形容，尽管这个阶段发展的时间较长，但毕竟是有电弧形成放电了，而且电弧的能量是越来越大，此时再人为处理有能量的电弧放电，给人身安全构成极大的危险性。
4、刷握分流现象：
电刷运行时，由于刷握大都是电的良导体，值班人员测量电刷电流是卡表测量电刷辫测得电流，现有的自动电流监测装置也是自电刷辫处测得电流，不论人工还是自动装置测量电刷电流，各电刷电流之和与励磁总电流都有一定的偏差，严重时差距甚至高达40％以上，说明存在刷握分流现象，当电刷与刷握发生粘附、特别是电刷辫铆接部位电阻大时，刷握分流会很大，甚至直接导致电刷烧毁事故，电刷运行中刷握分流问题一直是个无法监测盲区。刷握分流甚至导致电刷安全运行迅速崩溃，事前无征兆：压力、电流正常，事故发生却是首先毁灭证据导致分析无从下手，人们(只能)以为是电刷问题。
曾有电刷故障分析报告中说：电刷冒火，实测冒火电刷电流很小甚至为零， 其得出的结论是“电刷冒火与电流无关”——这结论是错误的，电刷无电流是滑动机械性摩擦，是不能连续严重冒火的，电刷冒火实际应当是刷握分流所致。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种电刷电流控制系统、电刷电流智能控制系统与控制方法，以实现对电刷电流的智能监测、调节、控制与保护。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种电刷电流智能控制系统，其特征在于：在每个电刷的提拉端上设置有力传感器，每个力传感器连接一个可控动力装置，所述可控动力装置通过所述力传感器向所述电刷传递推力，所述力传感器再通过控制器与可控动力装置相连，所述电刷电流回路连接有分流器或者霍尔电流传感器，用于测量电刷上通过的电流大小，所述分流器或者霍尔电流传感器与所述控制器相连，电刷电流的大小主要通过电刷压力调节与控制。
所述的电刷电流智能控制系统，其中：在所述可控动力装置的动子的外伸端上设有振动传感器，用于测量电刷的振动幅度和频率，当振动传感器测量到电刷的振幅和/或频率超出预定值，所述控制器将通过可控动力装置将动子退回(需要控制退回电刷的数量)。
为实现上述目的，本发明还提供一种电刷电流控制系统，其特征在于：一个动力装置的动子向所述电刷传递固定的推力，所述电刷电流回路连接有分流器或者霍尔电流传感器，用于测量电刷上通过的电流大小，所述分流器或者霍尔电流传感器与控制器相连，所述控制器再连接所述动力装置。
为实现上述目的，本发明还提供一种电刷电流智能控制方法，发电机的每个电刷都连接有上述电刷电流智能控制系统，其特征在于：
若某个电刷的电流超大，即其电流值大于或等于2倍电刷额定电流：该电刷直接退刷；
若某个电刷的电流过大，即其电流值大于或等于1.5倍并小于2倍的电刷额定电流：逐步减小电刷压力到压力低限设定值为止，经三次提刷与投运后电流仍不能恢复正常范围，提刷到待判断状态；
若某个电刷的电流偏大，即其电流值大于或等于1.15倍并小于1.5倍的电刷额定电流：逐步减小电刷压力到压力低限设定值为止，通过压力调节使电刷 电流恢复正常范围；
若某个电刷的电流偏小，即其电流值小于或等于0.5倍并大于0.25倍的电刷额定电流：逐步增大电刷压力到压力高限设定值为止，通过压力调节使电刷电流恢复正常范围；
若某个电刷的电流过小，即其电流值小于或等于0.25倍的电刷额定电流：逐步增大电刷压力到压力高限设定值为止，经三次提刷与投运后电流仍不能恢复正常范围，提刷到待判断状态。
为实现上述目的，本发明还提供一种电刷电流智能控制方法，发电机的每个电刷都连接有上述电刷电流智能控制系统，在电刷运行轨道上增设有磨光刷与消弧刷；其特征在于：
若某整排电刷平均电流相对于其它各排电刷平均电流偏大，则磨光刷、消弧刷动作，处理氧化膜，再分别逐步处理该排电刷中较大电流的电刷，即减小该电刷压力，至压力到低限值，直至该排电刷平均电流相对于其它各排电刷平均电流偏差在规定范围内；
若某整排电刷平均电流相对于其它各排电刷平均电流偏小，则磨光刷、消弧刷动作，处理氧化膜，再分别逐步处理该排电刷中较小电流的电刷，即增大该电刷压力，至压力到高限值，直至该排电刷平均电流相对于其它各排电刷平均电流偏差在规定范围内。
为实现上述目的，本发明还提供一种电刷电流智能控制方法，发电机的每个电刷都连接有上述电刷电流智能控制系统，其特征在于：
在各电刷的刷握接近滑环的位置装有温度传感器，所述温度传感器将温度信号传递到所述控制器；
若所述温度传感器测量到的温度达到135～140℃甚至更高，则对应的电刷退刷，并发出告知信号；
若所述温度传感器测量到的温度达到115～135℃，则对应的电刷减少压力，并发出电刷温度高信号。
为实现上述目的，本发明还提供一种电刷电流智能控制方法，发电机的每个电刷都连接有上述电刷电流智能控制系统，其特征在于：
将各电刷电流之和与励磁总电流比较，若偏差超出了设定的允许范围，则启动提刷程序，即逐一提刷，并在每提起一个电刷时，核算各电刷电流之和与 励磁总电流比较差值，当某个电刷提起时差值明显缩小，则电脑通知值班人员处理或将这个电刷退刷。
为实现上述目的，本发明还提供一种电刷电流智能控制方法，发电机的每个电刷都连接有上述电刷电流智能控制系统，在电刷运行轨道上增设有磨光刷与消弧刷；其特征在于：
在动子的外伸端上设有振动传感器，以测量电刷的振动；
若测量得知某一排电刷的振动都达到设定值，则该排的磨光刷、消弧刷动作，处理氧化膜；
如果某一排电刷中的单个电刷振动，而该排其它电刷不振动，则将该单个电刷退刷并发出告知信号，值班人员检查处理。
为实现上述目的，本发明还提供一种电刷电流智能控制方法，发电机的每个电刷都连接有上述电刷电流智能控制系统，其特征在于：
当发电机励磁电流在额定电流60％及以下时，陆续减刷1/5～1/3运行，电刷投入运行的数量与励磁电流的大小正相关。
与现有技术相比较，本发明具有的有益效果是：
1、实现发电机电刷保护、控制与调节：
电力系统中的设备元件不允许无保护投入运行，电刷，作为发电机励磁系统重要的组成部分，却处于无保护、无控制、甚至多数情况下是无监视的状态，即每个电刷承载电流的大小是无限制措施的自由工作状态；虽然现代大型机组使用多达一两百个电刷，但其中的一个不正常工作，就可能导致电刷故障。
保护措施：电刷电流达到保护动作整定值，立即(无时限保护措施)将该电刷退出运行并发出信号，从而切断事故链，消除事故隐患。
调节措施：电刷电流偏离设定正常运行电流值，自动控制采取调节措施。
控制措施：电刷电流偏离设定正常运行电流值范围过大，自动控制采取措施(如调节压力)到达设定极限，经过初步检验过程(如提刷与投运三次)，提刷待判断(待进一步判断)，从而控制了电刷向异常方向发展的趋势，消除电刷故障的苗头，将电刷事故消灭在萌芽状态。
电刷危机保护：电流超大的电刷退刷，紧急备用电刷已经陆续全部投运，还有电流超大的电刷需要退刷，这时则发出电刷不安全警报信号并发出降低发电机励磁电流信号；若还设定有可以再退刷的极限个数(例如总在运行电刷个 数的三十分之一到十分之一)，这之后，不论什么情况发生，也不再退刷，若还继续有电流超大的电刷需要退刷，说明电刷安全运行已经处于极其危险的“前赴后继”的恶化发展状态，这时，发出“降低发电机负荷”指令，通过降低发电机负荷大幅度降低发电机励磁电流以实现保护主设备的目的。——这样，本来是单个电刷的保护，实现了保护主设备的功能，成了发电机保护的一个组成部分，就是说为发电机的安全运行增加了一套保护装置，对于发电机的保护而言，这套保护可以叫做“电刷危机保护”。该保护动作之前，还“具有预知性”——每个电刷“电流超大”而退刷都有告知信号发出，退刷数量、时间间隔事先都知道，而且，还曾发出了降低发电机励磁电流警告信号，说明电刷安全已经处在极其危险的发展状态，值班人员应当采取针对性措施，在这套保护动作之前做工作，将电刷不正常运行消除在危险发展的初始阶段。
消除了值班人员紧张情绪与心理压力：
电刷运行正常与否，现技术主要是靠值班人员定期检查判断，即便有电流等参数监测装置，超出设定范围以报警信号通知值班人员处理，但处理措施因人的感觉判断和技术层面不同，也没有有效的程序化处理方案，报警提醒实际上造成值班人员“紧张”、“为难”、“尴尬”的心理状态。
没有自动调节控制措施时，人工调整电刷运行参数成为电刷安全运行的一个组成部分。当发生电刷异常情况时，“危险时刻冲在前”成了电刷工作人员的职业技术敏感性理念，这是传统中几乎成各行业提倡而形成的陈旧的、不科学的安全理念，无数灾难性的后果得出教训：危险时刻冲在前往往造成更大的危险、甚至灾难，原生灾害处理不当，所诱发出的次生灾害可能造成比原生灾害更危险的后果，导致一系列的灾害链。大量电刷事故分析报告中用了“雪崩、崩溃、断崖...链锁反应、恶性循环、多米诺骨牌...”，这样的发展速率，人为处理的同时性、及时性、顺序性是难以保障的，一旦人为处理不理想而恶化，损失极为惨重甚至造成人身危险。
本发明实现了电刷电流从过小到超大各过程的自动调节、控制与保护。
2、电刷好用、耐用判断，节约电刷，科学管理：
电刷好用、耐用判断：
电刷的好用、耐用不是谁说了算的，让数据说话。
电刷运行中通过对压力、电流、温度、振动等指标的自动控制，电脑记录 各电刷使用时间(时间与长度关系曲线)以及这些指标曲线和调整控制次数，与电刷使用性能良好的要求核对、比较、排序，以判断电刷好用、耐用，好用就是满足电刷使用性能各参数良好的要求，耐用就是使用平稳且寿命长。
电刷制造都只是制造静态参数，而不是制造具体的适用性产品，现在的发电机上使用的电刷都是通用产品，只有“产品个性化定制”才能够适用，适用才是好用。产品制造发展理念的一个重要方向是最大可能地简化使用的学问，电刷使用时的动态参数不是名牌也不是专家说了算，都由电脑掌控、记录、统计，实现使用简单化、大众化。
节约电刷：现在发电机组不论装多少电刷都是始终在滑环上运行，从开机、轻载、满载直到强励动作，任何情况下都是全部电刷在运行。尤其夜间低谷轻载时电刷电流密度过小对于电刷运行的多项指标是不利的，同时浪费电刷，磨损滑环。发电机轻载减刷运行以减少滑环磨损，节约电刷同时电刷电流密度不致过小以利于形成良好氧化膜。减刷运行减少摩擦热量可降低通风能耗。
科学管理：电脑自动打印出更换电刷工作票、操作票：机组增加安装电刷的总数量，实现部分电刷明备用，当有电刷退出运行时备用电刷自投运，当少量电刷达到使用寿命或不能正常运行而退出运行时，电脑记录并实时可查，当备用电刷大多已投运或退出运行的电刷达到设定的数量时，电脑自动打印出更换电刷工作票、操作票并通知值班人员，将电刷工作的名称、位置、编号对应，操作人员实现三核对，甚至包括电刷的型号、本单位每个电刷的具体编号，以及各个电刷更换的原因，如超大电流、超高温度、过大电流等也包括在操作票中，不能多换也不能少换更不能该换的不换不该换的随个人判断认识不同而更换；电脑自动生成一台机的电刷维护更换工作票，避免了因工作量大工作质量下降的问题以及人员疲劳造成严重后果的隐患。同时也避免了人为指派工作的随意性感情因素，避免了值班人员推诿、扯皮工作的因素。实现科技为科学管理做出贡献。
3、减少车磨滑环：
(1)“电刷滑动摩擦自振动”：
现在发电行业主力发电机组励使用大型电刷数量达一两百个，单极按4～10排(甚至更多)安装，最初电刷运行平稳，运行过程中，其中的少量、一排或几排，逐渐地发展为振动大，而其余各排均正常运行；这是电刷滑动摩擦自振 动典型的表现形式。
电刷在刷握中有自由运动间隙，电刷滑动运行实际是含有停顿、加速、间歇、减速等过程，其过程本身就含有滑动运行的不稳定性；滑动的不稳定性、不均匀性，滑动摩擦系数也是波动性的，滑动摩擦波动任何时候都存在，但并不是任何时候都致电刷振动，当波动值较小时(如Δμ/μ≈5％以下时)，对外并不表现出振动；当波动值较大时(如Δμ/μ≈10～15％时)，则开始对外表现出振动；这时若不从滑动摩擦系数上施加干预，振动会向恶化方向发展。氧化膜遭到破坏而不良，摩擦系数μ增大，若摩擦系数μ很小，那么摩擦波动Δμ/μ就不会很大，电刷滑动摩擦自振动也不会恶化发展起来。摩擦波动大，向振动发展表现时，首先进一步破坏氧化膜，便造成了一系列的不良后果：电流增大、温度升高、振动增大。这就是我们实际测量电刷振动时是有电流的，往往电流还增大。
电刷滑环滑动配对面有粘着、密合因素；电刷参数(摩擦力、摩擦系数、速度)有阶跃表现；滑动、导电有微脉冲；这都是造成电刷滑动摩擦自振动的因素。
随着电刷振动的继续增大，表现为电刷跳窜，便发展成了“电刷锤击现象”，(振坏电刷、刷辫、刷握、压簧及其它附件)，造成对滑环的伤害，被迫对滑环进行车磨。
(2)认识研究电刷振动、锤击的困难：
电刷振动故障，电刷厂家及电刷研究单位即学院派专家在实验室中是“模拟”不出来的，发电机出现电刷振动故障的最初，往往不引起值班人员注意，待到振动严重了，又难以处理、挽回。现场人员认识振动与锤击现象，需要经历、经验才能够获得更高层次的认知，但即便经历多次振动，也很难从现场研究总结出规律、上升到理论高度，现场的振动与锤击现象，往往又有“具体”的局限性，即此地与彼地、此时与彼时的发电机所处“具体”环境不一样，所受干扰不一样，再者现场值班人员，又能经历、涉及到多少类型的发电机，涉及到多少次电刷振动故障。
(3)电刷滑环的磨损与伤害：滑环磨损＝机械磨损+电流磨损+火花伤害。
机械磨损：①正常运行时的机械磨损；②火花破坏氧化膜后，滑动润滑膜不均或无膜时的机械磨损；③有火花生成物参与后的机械磨损。
电流磨损：电刷滑环正常运行时，导电点均匀分散，导电点的能量很小，粉化与蒸发作用也很小。
火花伤害：产生火花破坏氧化膜后，部分导电点的能量聚集，粉化与蒸发作用大幅度地增加，成为火花伤害。
(4)“电刷锤击现象”：
电刷振动若得不到及时正确地干预与抑制，随着电刷振动的继续增大，表现为电刷跳窜，便发展成了“电刷锤击现象”，造成对滑环的伤害，被迫对滑环进行车磨。
近年来曾有故障分析介绍，新装机组运行约两个月便不得不停机对滑环车磨，还有文章介绍说一台机一年车磨达七次之多。
电刷振动、跳窜、锤击是怎样对滑环造成伤害的？
电刷振动、跳窜、锤击，人们首先想到的是电刷对滑环冲撞，【为便于理解，我们看滴水穿石的故事，其科学认识有两方面：一是水滴对石头的冲撞，其冲撞的破坏作用是很小的；二是石头的成分中含有CaCO3，空气中含有CO2，它们会发生化学反应：CaCO3+CO2+H2O＝Ca(HCO3)2即生成溶于水的Ca(HCO3)2；从而有了滴水穿石的说法】。由于电刷与滑环在硬度、韧性、动量上差距很大，电刷对滑环冲撞并不是造成对滑环伤害的主要因素。——在电刷振动、跳窜、锤击现象发生时，电刷冲撞首先而且很快破坏了滑动面的氧化膜层，对电刷滑动运行有利的润滑成分被破坏了，滑动摩擦系数将增大，那么电刷滑动运行将更加不稳定，振动进一步增大并且不能自恢复；再者，氧化膜被破坏，电刷导电理论中的传导、击穿、放电等性质也将发生变异，同时，氧化膜有电阻的性质，原来正常时的电刷导电要经过电阻性的氧化膜再到滑环，氧化膜破坏后，便成了电刷与滑环不经过中间的电阻环节直接导电，这便是发生电刷振动现象时，我们测量振动电刷的电流，不仅有电流，而且，多数时候还比不振动时的电刷电流有增大的现象，就是振动破坏了氧化膜的电阻成分电刷导通电流更容易了。
波及与伤害：
波及：先是只有少量的或一排电刷振动，破坏氧化膜，导致摩擦系数μ增大，摩擦波动也将增大，逐渐演变为波及到原来没有振动的电刷也开始振动，例如相邻波及，就是某个或某排电刷振动，振坏了电刷、刷辫、压簧及其它附 件，这些碎烂物对相邻电刷造成伤害并诱发振动，导致电刷故障。
伤害：电刷跳动，接触滑环时电流很大，跳起时电流为零，电流接通、断开直接造成电刷火花，电流很大并产生火花，就是在有能量的火花作用下，伴随着火花放电、烧灼、气化、蒸发与粉化等电流造成的各种形式对滑环的伤害，统归为电灼、电蚀，——这就是电刷振动，我们看上去滑环没有了光亮度(光洁度)，在微观上滑环表面出现了麻点、微坑、凹坑、凹陷的后果，这显然不是电刷冲撞因素造成的，再者，滑环上的“条痕”、“梯度”也不是电刷冲撞因素造成的；所以，对滑环造成伤害的主要因素不是冲撞，而是电流对滑环的电灼、电蚀造成伤害的。从而得出结论：电刷振动，不能简单地视为机械振动的问题，而主要是电流造成伤害的问题。
若不从电流的有效控制上采取技术措施而仅忙于电刷振动的表象，有的单位，电刷只要发生振动，首先就通知汽机专业去测量机组系统振动，发生了电刷振动的故障，就与汽机专业扯皮、推诿，这是专业技术的不对等和认识的偏见，不能抓住矛盾的根源劳而无功。
过去即便在较小机组上也用较大尺寸的滑环(高速机组滑环直径450mm以上)，随着认识的科学与深入，现在大型机组(600MW及以上)，滑环尺寸却较小(直径400mm以下)，滑环可车磨的余地更小了，车磨不了几次便得更换滑环。现在的许多发电单位没有、也不具备对滑环车磨的技术和设备，对滑环车磨和更换是一项很大的工程，如果对滑环车磨能够必然地带来长周期的安全运行，那么车磨当然是可以的，但事实并不如此，对滑环车磨是被迫的、是不得已的事后补救措施。
(5)我们的理念与对待：
反对车磨：电刷振动、锤击，火花造成滑环损伤，以及条痕、沟槽、梯度、台阶、不圆等被迫对滑环进行车磨的事故例很多，有的车磨达15mm以上，不得不更换滑环——我们反对过多车磨和过多依赖车磨，尤其是电力行业大型机组的滑环，设计为耐磨钢环，设计理念就是为了达到长期安全运行之目的。我们主张通过对电刷滑环持续科学的维护，即通过控制电刷电流与运行中的氧化膜，把电刷滑环故障消除在萌芽之初和消除其产生的条件，使电刷滑环长期保持良好稳定的运行状态，不构成对滑环的伤害以达到长期不车磨之目的。
车磨并不必然地带来安全也不是安全的必经之路，车磨是被动的、被迫的 补救性措施而不是主动的、积极的预防性措施，别说大多数单位不具备车磨的技术和设备，即便车磨是单位的技术强项，车磨后滑环光洁度一般6级左右，大约上万层电碳石墨的厚度；即便达到滑环光洁度最高要求10级，大约600层电碳石墨的厚度；其不平度也远远超过正常氧化膜的厚度。车磨是补救、挽回的技术手段，其价值性将是被打折扣的，甚至其价值性是负数，车磨过多被迫更换滑环，不是一般单位能够完成的工作，大多单位得求助于制造厂家。
在实验室中，国内外都曾在通电条件下对电刷滑环磨损问题有过研究，滑环在没有明显伤害条件下，根据试验有关数据简单计算，理想情况下滑环磨损1mm约需连续运行长达10～30年，可以说，对于滑环科学的维护及有效的控制手段，滑环长周期安全运行是可实现的目标。
不论多圆满的车磨都不如不车磨的理念。我们在大型发电机电刷滑环运行工作几十年的经历中，以控制电刷电流与电刷滑动摩擦系数(氧化膜)的理念，对待避免滑环伤害问题，从没有主张过对滑环车磨，反而却阻止过车磨，在曾经阻止过车磨的机组中，其中的机组直到寿命终止而拆除也没有车磨过。
4、网络：
电刷滑环运行实时信息进入区域网、行业网、互联网，电刷滑环的有关参数自身信息、关联信息，协调动作，数据储存与记录、交流与研讨，便于运行分析，实现计算机化，网络化，智能化，保护、控制、测量和数据通信一体化，由人工控制向智能自动控制方向迈进。
附图说明
图1是本发明提供的电刷电流智能控制系统的一个实施例的结构示意图；
图2是本发明提供的电刷电流智能控制系统的另一实施例的结构示意图。
附图标记说明：电刷1；提刷机构11；刷握21；温度传感器22；滑环2；力传感器3；力电机4；动子5；定位凹51；弹簧销52；振动传感器55；直线位置传感器6；推拉电磁铁7；弹簧71；分流器8；霍尔电流传感器9。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明，在此对本领域的一些技术术语予以解释。
名词：减刷、提刷、退刷、备用电刷、即将到设定寿命的电刷、待判断电 刷、紧急备用电刷。
(1)减刷：减少在运行电刷的数量，就是将在运行的电刷提刷一部分。
(2)提刷：将在运行的电刷提起，使之暂时退出运行。
(3)退刷：直接将该电刷退出运行，并且任何情况下都不再投入运行，(例如电流超大的、温度超高的电刷)。
(4)备用电刷：在原电刷数量基础上，再安装一部分电刷作为备用电刷。
(5)即将到设定寿命的电刷：电刷到寿命终止之前退出运行，预留1～3mm作为紧急时备用。
(6)待判断电刷：例如电流过大、过小的电刷，压力调节逐步达到可调节压力设定极限，电流仍不能恢复设定的范围，将其提刷，此时为待判断状态，由于电刷电流不仅与压力有关，还与氧化膜有关，甚至还与其它电刷工作情况有关，待处理氧化膜后一段时间，新的氧化膜处于稳定状态，或经人为检查判断电刷运行情况，智能分析控制系统再进一步判断上述被提刷处于待判断状态的电刷。
先逐个判断电流过小被提起的电刷、后逐个判断电流过大被提刷的电刷，判断过程：单个投运、调节压力，若电刷电流能够在设定范围内，则将其维持在运行状态继续使用(因被提刷自投的原来的备用电刷退出运行恢复备用状态)，说明第一次提刷不是或不全是电刷自身问题。若经此次投运判断电刷电流不能够在设定范围内，说明电刷自身有问题，将其退刷等待更换(人工检测)。
(7)紧急备用电刷：电刷运行发生紧急情况或紧急需要，将能够投运的电刷按设定投运；紧急备用电刷包括：备用电刷、减刷运行的电刷、即将到设定寿命的电刷、待判断电刷、待判断电刷已判断电流仍过小的电刷。
如图1所示，是本发明提供的电刷电流智能控制系统的一个实施例的结构示意图，在此称电刷1与滑环2接触的一端为接触端，电刷1另一端具有提刷机构11而称为提拉端，在提拉端上设置有力传感器3，一个力电机4(以输出推力为目标任务的直线电机)的动子5与所述力传感器3连接，通过所述力传感器3向所述电刷1传递推力，所述力传感器3再通过控制器(未予图示)与所述力电机4相连；所述电刷1电流回路连接分流器8，用于测量电刷1上通过的电流大小，所述分流器8与所述控制器相连。
当分流器8测量到的电刷1上的电流超过了上限值，则控制器发出指令， 使力电机4输出的推力减小，直至电刷1上的电流低于上限值；反之，当分流器8测量到的电刷1上的电流小于下限值，则控制器发出指令，使力电机4输出的推力增大，直至电刷1上的电流高于下限值。
在动子5上还连接有直线位置传感器6，用于记录动子5的伸缩距离，从而计算电刷1的剩余长度，所述直线位置传感器6与所述控制器相连。若力电机4自身带有的传感元件能够实现位置传感器功能，则所述力电机4即构成所述直线位置传感器6。若力电机4不带位置传感器功能，则可以如图1所示，单独设置直线位置传感器6。随着电刷1使用磨损，当电刷1使用到设定长度时，所述控制器接收到直线位置传感器6的反馈信号，将指令力电机4的动子5退回，使电刷1退出运行。
磨损到设定长度的电刷1(工作电刷)退出运行以后，备用电刷(同样具有电刷电流智能控制系统)自动投入运行，备用电刷的结构与工作电刷1的结构相同，在此不予赘述。
当直线位置传感器6获知动子5退回到预定位置后，所述控制器将断开力电机4的电源以节约电能，同时，若所述力电机4具有断电自锁功能，所述动子5将被所述力电机4自锁限制，不能自由伸缩。若所述力电机4不具有断电自锁功能，则如图1所示，在动子5上设有自锁机构，所述自锁机构由动子5上的定位凹51和动子5一侧的弹簧销52组成，当动子5退回到预定位置时，弹簧销52在弹力作用下卡入定位凹51中，实现自锁定位。
由上述内容可知，若在发电机的每个电刷1上都连接所述电刷电流智能控制系统，可使发电机中的所有的电刷1的电流值得到实时控制，从而防止由于电刷1上的电流严重不均匀导致电刷故障的发生。
如图1所示，在所述电刷1的提拉端设有提刷机构11，所述提刷机构11是由弹性材料制成，其中部连接在动子5上，两端与电刷1的提拉端上的凹孔活动连接，在外力作用下(如捏紧两端)，提刷机构11能够与电刷1的提拉端处脱离，以方便更换电刷1。
需要额外提及的是，为了防止发生氢爆事故，在电刷1的上方可以设置氢气传感器(未予图示)，所述氢气传感器与所述控制器相连。一旦所述氢气传感器探测出氢气浓度达到设定值，则发出报警信号并闭锁提刷动作，闭锁磨光刷、消弧刷动作，并加强通风，以防氢爆。
前述实施例中的力电机4还可以用推拉电磁铁来替代，分流器8的功能也可以用霍尔电流传感器9来替代，如图2所示，是本发明提供的电刷电流智能控制系统的另一实施例的结构示意图，所述推拉电磁铁7优选采用慢速长行程(例如：螺管式)电磁铁来给动子5输出推力，此时，一般需要在动子5上连接弹簧71，所述弹簧71在常态下将动子5往回拉或往前推，以配合推拉电磁铁7提供推拉合力。图2所示的实施例，与图1所示的实施例相比，其余结构以及工作原理均相同，在此不予赘述。
此外，所述力电机4的替代方式还有很多，例如电推杆、电液推杆、液压缸，所述电推杆或电液推杆输出推力，考虑电刷工作在振动的环境中，电推杆的动力电机可选用空心杯电机，以实现动作的快速性及输出柔性力；此时，为了吸收振动的影响，可以在电刷的提拉端装设弹性材料(如弹性垫片)形成缓冲，其余结构以及工作原理均类同，在此不予赘述。总之，只要是可控动力装置，都能够应用到本发明中来。
在上述两个实施例中，是以水平方向布置的电刷1为例来介绍电刷电流智能控制系统，此种情况下，电刷1与滑环2之间的压力不会随着电刷1自重的改变而改变，其压力控制较为简单。而在滑环2上方的电刷1，其压力由力电机4(或者推拉电磁铁7加弹簧71)的推力加上电刷1的自重而组成；在滑环2下方的电刷1，其压力由力电机4(或者推拉电磁铁7加弹簧71)的推力减去电刷1的自重而组成；滑环2侧面的电刷1，其压力计算方法随着倾斜角度的不同而不同；若要求各个电刷1的压力值尽量相等，则还需要考虑电刷1的布置位置以及电刷1的磨损。
而每个电刷1在使用过程中的倾斜角度是不变的，因此，除了电刷1之外的元件，其重量对工作面压力的影响是不变的，可以视作为常量，能够通过事先测量将影响因素加入到控制器的控制信息中，来消除常量的影响；而电刷1重量是变量，其重量是随着使用磨损而变化，但电刷1的重量会随着电刷1长度的改变而有规律变化，因此控制器也可以通过直线位置传感器6反馈的信息来改变力电机4(或者推拉电磁铁7加弹簧71)的推力，来消除变量的影响，以实现更精确的压力控制。
由于电刷1是不可避免地工作在振动的环境中，各传感器、控制器和动作机构将频繁地感受、反馈、指令、动作，为了电刷1工作在较稳定的状态，同 时避免各装置频繁动作，应当将力电机4(或者推拉电磁铁7加弹簧71)的推力幅度作阶梯调节。
上述是本发明电刷电流智能控制方案即综合方案。本发明对电刷电流控制还可以采取简化方案，仅包括：控制器、力电机、提刷机构及电流传感器。
力电机对电刷施加的压力是不可调节的恒定值(就如现技术的恒压簧对电刷施加的恒压力一样)，电流传感器也只设定一个反馈信息，就是电刷“电流超大”信息，反馈到控制器，控制器指令力电机“退刷”(控制器设定退刷总数量)，本简化方案能够将电流超大的电刷退出运行，从而避免电刷烧毁事故的发生，实现保护功能。
本发明根据在实际生产具体应用中的需要，可以考虑实现单一功能、部分功能、综合功能。
本发明还提供一种电刷电流智能控制方法，以实现电刷电流的自动调节、控制与保护：
若某个电刷的电流超大(电流值大于或等于2倍电刷额定电流)：保护动作直接“退刷”；是无时限保护措施，但要经过“强励动作闭锁”许可——强励动作，原来电流过大、电流偏大的电刷都可能达到电流超大电刷直接“退刷”动作整定值，造成强励动作与电流超大电刷直接“退刷”动作有同时动作的可能，因此，电流超大电刷直接“退刷”动作要经过强励动作许可。
若某个电刷的电流过大(电流值大于或等于1.5倍并小于2倍的电刷额定电流)：逐步减小电刷压力到压力低限设定值为止，经三次(有设定时限)提刷与投运后电流仍不能恢复正常范围，提刷到待判断状态(控制措施)。
若某个电刷的电流偏大(电流值大于或等于1.15倍并小于1.5倍的电刷额定电流)：逐步减小电刷压力到压力低限设定值为止，通过压力调节使电刷电流恢复正常范围(调节措施)。
若某个电刷的电流偏小(电流值小于或等于0.5倍并大于0.25倍的电刷额定电流)：逐步增大电刷压力到压力高限设定值为止，通过压力调节使电刷电流恢复正常范围(调节措施)。
若某个电刷的电流过小(电流值小于或等于0.25倍的电刷额定电流)：逐步增大电刷压力到压力高限设定值为止，经三次(有设定时限)提刷与投运后电流仍不能恢复正常范围，提刷到待判断状态(控制措施)。
上述电流过大、电流偏大、电流偏小、电流过小调节、控制措施，整定值除电流外，还有整定时限(如0.1秒～60秒之间选择)，以防控制装置频繁动作。
上述三次提刷：第一次提刷2～10s，间隔设定时长后第二次提刷5～30s，间隔设定时长后第三次提刷20～120s。
电刷烧毁事故都是由大电流、电弧烧毁的，在烧毁发展的过程中，开始是由全部电刷电流大致均分向个别、少量电刷上集中电流——这个“集中”的现象是形式，其实质是发生了“抢电流现象”，电刷抢电流导致自身烧毁。
现有技术是靠人为调节、控制“抢电流现象”继续恶化发展的，人为调节、控制的局限性：(1)不能及时发现“抢电流现象”的苗头；(2)针对性、及时性难以实现，并且各人技术区别很大；(3)人为处理恶化发展的电刷存在人身危险性；(4)难以实现有效制止、切断事故链。
智能调节、控制、保护：
全方位、全范围、全过程：实时不间断监控每个电刷(多个参数：如电流、温度)。
例如电流，从过小、偏小、偏大、过大、超大全程控制(并发信号和显示出该电刷的具体编号)。
本发明针对发电机的不同运行模式，对电刷电流的控制方式也不一样。
(1)发电机开、停机模式：
是指发电机开、停机过程中，发电机励磁电流在额定电流35％及以下时，虽然运行中的电刷已经按发电机轻载减刷运行方式陆续减刷1/5～1/3，但在运行的电刷仍然大都处于电流偏小的状态，这时设定在运行的电刷压力为低限值，不作调节、控制，即发电机开、停机模式为励磁电流闭锁电刷压力调节、控制。
(2)发电机轻载模式：
是指发电机轻载运行，即发电机励磁电流在额定电流35％～60％时，考虑在运行的电刷不发生电流偏差过大现象，允许对电刷压力进行一定幅度调节，调节幅度范围是，起调压力为电刷压力低限值，压力增加值幅度范围是电刷压力高限值减去电刷压力低限值再乘以80％。
(3)发电机正常运行模式：
是指发电机正常负载运行，即发电机励磁电流在额定电流60％及以上时， 本发明对电刷电流的调节、控制、保护进入正常方式。
本发明提供的电刷电流智能控制方法，在电刷发生紧急情况时的投运顺序为：当某个电刷电流超大被退刷，接着又有某个电刷电流超大被退刷，即发生了前赴后继电刷电流超大的情况时，紧急备用电刷的投运的先后顺序是：备用电刷、轻载减刷的电刷、即将到设定寿命的电刷、待判断电刷、待判断电刷已判断电流仍过小的电刷。
在下述实施例中，需要的话，在电刷运行轨道上，还分别增设一套装置控制着磨光刷、另一套装置控制着消弧刷，按需要自动投入运行。所述磨光刷也称除垢刷、研磨刷，其材质与结构为现有技术，用于磨除滑环电刷滑动工作面上不良的膜层，所述消弧刷的材质与结构也为现有技术，典型的结构有中国专利申请号200710003579.7所揭示的“消弧刷”。
本发明提供的电刷电流智能控制方法，还可以结合各排电刷平均电流比较来实施(在电刷运行轨道上增设有磨光刷与消弧刷)：
某整排电刷平均电流相对于其它各排电刷平均电流偏大(例如超过其它各排电刷平均电流的150％)，则磨光刷、消弧刷动作，处理氧化膜(经设定时限)，再分别逐步处理该排电刷中较大电流的电刷，即减小该电刷压力。直至该排电刷平均电流相对于其它各排电刷平均电流偏差在规定范围内。
某整排电刷平均电流相对于其它各排电刷平均电流偏小(例如不足其它各排电刷平均电流的50％)，则磨光刷、消弧刷动作，处理氧化膜(经设定时限)，再分别逐步处理该排电刷中较小电流的电刷，即增大该电刷压力。直至该排电刷平均电流相对于其它各排电刷平均电流偏差在规定范围内。
其中，在核对各排电刷平均电流之和时，要考虑各排实际在运行的电刷个数。
本发明提供的电刷电流智能控制方法，还考虑了电刷运行温度控制：
(1)在各刷握21的底端(接近滑环端)合适安装的一面，距刷握21底端1～5mm范围内，钻一小孔，装设点式感温元件(温度传感器22)，以测量电刷体接近滑动工作面的温度，经过温度传感器22将温度信号传递到控制器。
(2)电刷滑动面温度高的原因有：干摩擦、刷握分流、电刷电流过大。石墨类电刷滑动运行工作面达到140～155℃，高温将破坏氧化膜，滑动运行特性恶化。
(3)感温元件设定135～140℃“退刷”；感温元件设定115～135℃减少压力，若温度继续升高，“提刷”待检查。
(4)某排电刷普遍温度过高或过低：磨光刷与消弧刷同时或先后投入运行，以形成良好氧化膜层。
本发明提供的电刷电流智能控制方法，还考虑发电机轻载减刷运行情况：
现在发电机组不论装多少电刷都是始终在滑环上运行，从开机、轻载、满载直到强励动作，任何情况下都是全部电刷在运行。尤其夜间低谷轻载时电刷电流密度过小对于电刷运行的多项指标是不利的，同时浪费电刷，磨损滑环。
发电机轻载励磁电流在额定电流60％及以下时，设定陆续减刷1/5～1/3运行，电刷依据励磁电流决定投运电刷数量，并且随时投退电刷，随着发电机负荷增加，被减刷陆续投入运行(即电刷投入运行的数量与励磁电流的大小正相关)。
减刷运行动作整定条件可选择如下顺序：(1)按编号减刷；(2)从大电流电刷开始减刷；(3)从小电流电刷开始减刷；(4)从温度高的电刷开始减刷。
本发明提供的电刷电流智能控制方法，对于刷握分流判断与控制是：
控制器中逻辑分析部分按设定时间将各电刷电流之和与励磁总电流比较，偏差较大超出了设定的允许范围，则启动提刷程序，提刷三秒并在每提起一个电刷时，核算各电刷电流之和与励磁总电流比较差值，当某个电刷提起时差值明显缩小(例如：该电刷提起时，各电刷电流之和的变化超过5％甚至超过10％)，说明这个刷握分流严重，电脑通知值班人员处理或将这个电刷退刷。
因刷握分流而提刷有三种执行方案供参考选择：(1)按安装使用编号顺序提刷；(2)按温度高低顺序提刷；(3)按电流大小顺序提刷。
本发明提供的电刷电流智能控制方法，还考虑电刷振动(为此，在动子5的外伸端上设有振动传感器55，以测量电刷1的振动，在电刷运行轨道上增设有磨光刷与消弧刷)：
摩擦系数的波动与电流的不均以及波动，造成电刷滑动运行的振动，在振动的初期，如果其中的某一排电刷的振动都达到设定值，说明氧化膜不良(无膜、不均、恶劣膜)，磨光刷、消弧刷动作，将振动消除在萌芽阶段。
如果某单个电刷振动，而本排其它电刷不振动，是这个电刷有问题，退刷。
在上述电刷电流智能控制方法中，压力、电流、温度的控制关系为：
压力、电流都有上、下限设定值，温度有上限设定值：压力上限、下限，电流上限、下限，温度上限，——五个设定值分别控制，当控制某单个参数时，又有任意一个参数达到限定值，这个电刷“提刷”待检查。
上述“强励动作”的意思是：
(1)“强励动作”是主设备非正常运行状态的需要，“强励动作”时励磁电流达额定电流的1.5～2.5倍，动作时限一般为10秒，在此过程中，可能造成许多电刷电流大幅度增加。
(2)“强励动作”时，投入全部的紧急备用电刷。
(3)“强励动作”闭锁：“强励动作”时，正常情况下电刷电流的调节、控制与保护动作程序被“强励动作”闭锁，不许可再提刷、退刷。
(4)“强励动作”时以及设定的延时期限内，闭锁温度高而提刷、退刷。
(5)“强励动作”后：并不是上述电刷恢复备用及退出运行的原来状态，而是在新的运行状态下，重新判断经强励大电流冲击伤害后最需要退出运行的电刷，当退出运行的电刷达到设定退出总数量便不再退出电刷运行，原来退出运行仅作为紧急备用电刷因“强励动作”而投入运行，也不能再退出，只发提醒信号，以保证在运电刷总数量，待经强励大电流冲击伤害的电刷更换并投运后，原来退出运行的电刷才能够退出运行并更换新电刷，直至全部电刷都恢复正常状态。
(6)“强励动作”过程结束后，因为大电流可能破坏氧化膜，则按设定时限投入磨光刷、消弧刷处理氧化膜。
本发明在小型电机应用时的注意事项：
小型电机电流小电刷数量少，可能发生其中一个电刷就承载了全部的电流，智能控制需考虑处理电刷异常情况的顺序，应当先处理电流小、温度低的电刷，当电流小、温度低的电刷正常载流后，再处理电流大、温度高的电刷。
以上说明对本发明而言只是说明性的，而非限制性的，本领域普通技术人员理解，在不脱离权利要求所限定的精神和范围的情况下，可作出许多修改、变化或等效，但都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种电刷电流智能控制系统，其特征在于：在每个电刷的提拉端上设置有力传感器，每个力传感器连接一个可控动力装置，所述可控动力装置通过所述力传感器向所述电刷传递推力，所述力传感器再通过控制器与可控动力装置相连，所述电刷电流回路连接有分流器或者霍尔电流传感器，用于测量电刷上通过的电流大小，所述分流器或者霍尔电流传感器与所述控制器相连。
  2. 一种电刷电流控制系统，其特征在于：一个动力装置的动子向所述电刷传递固定的推力，所述电刷电流回路连接有分流器或者霍尔电流传感器，用于测量电刷上通过的电流大小，所述分流器或者霍尔电流传感器与控制器相连，所述控制器再连接所述动力装置。
  3. 一种电刷电流智能控制方法，发电机的每个电刷都连接有如权利要求1所述的电刷电流智能控制系统，其特征在于：
    若某个电刷的电流超大，即其电流值大于或等于2倍电刷额定电流：该电刷直接退刷；
    若某个电刷的电流过大，即其电流值大于或等于1.5倍并小于2倍的电刷额定电流：逐步减小电刷压力到压力低限设定值为止，经三次提刷与投运后电流仍不能恢复正常范围，提刷到待判断状态；
    若某个电刷的电流偏大，即其电流值大于或等于1.15倍并小于1.5倍的电刷额定电流：逐步减小电刷压力到压力低限设定值为止，通过压力调节使电刷电流恢复正常范围；
    若某个电刷的电流偏小，即其电流值小于或等于0.5倍并大于0.25倍的电刷额定电流：逐步增大电刷压力到压力高限设定值为止，通过压力调节使电刷电流恢复正常范围；
    若某个电刷的电流过小，即其电流值小于或等于0.25倍的电刷额定电流：逐步增大电刷压力到压力高限设定值为止，经三次提刷与投运后电流仍不能恢复正常范围，提刷到待判断状态。
  4. 一种电刷电流智能控制方法，发电机的每个电刷都连接有如权利要求1所述的电刷电流智能控制系统，在电刷运行轨道上增设有磨光刷与消弧刷；其特征在于：
    若某整排电刷平均电流相对于其它各排电刷平均电流偏大，则磨光刷、消弧刷动作，处理氧化膜，再分别逐步处理该排电刷中较大电流的电刷，即减小该电刷压力，至压力到低限值，直至该排电刷平均电流相对于其它各排电刷平均电流偏差在规定范围内；
    若某整排电刷平均电流相对于其它各排电刷平均电流偏小，则磨光刷、消弧刷动作，处理氧化膜，再分别逐步处理该排电刷中较小电流的电刷，即增大该电刷压力，至压力到高限值，直至该排电刷平均电流相对于其它各排电刷平均电流偏差在规定范围内。
  5. 一种电刷电流智能控制方法，发电机的每个电刷都连接有如权利要求1所述的电刷电流智能控制系统，其特征在于：
    在各电刷的刷握接近滑环的位置装有温度传感器，所述温度传感器将温度信号传递到所述控制器；
    若所述温度传感器测量到的温度达到135～140℃甚至更高，则对应的电刷退刷；
    若所述温度传感器测量到的温度达到115～135℃，则对应的电刷减少压力。
  6. 一种电刷电流智能控制方法，发电机的每个电刷都连接有如权利要求1所述的电刷电流智能控制系统，其特征在于：将各电刷电流之和与励磁总电流比较，若偏差超出了设定的允许范围，则启动提刷程序，即逐一提刷，并在每提起一个电刷时，核算各电刷电流之和与励磁总电流比较差值，当某个电刷提起时差值明显缩小，则电脑通知值班人员处理或将这个电刷退刷。
  7. 一种电刷电流智能控制方法，发电机的每个电刷都连接有如权利要求1所述的电刷电流智能控制系统，在电刷运行轨道上增设有磨光刷与消弧刷；其特征在于：在动子的外伸端上设有振动传感器，以测量电刷的振动；
    若测量得知某一排电刷的振动都达到设定值，则该排的磨光刷、消弧刷动作，处理氧化膜；如果某一排电刷中的单个电刷振动，而该排其它电刷不振动，则将该单个电刷退刷并处理。
  8. 一种电刷电流智能控制方法，发电机的每个电刷都连接有如权利要求1所述的电刷电流智能控制系统，其特征在于：当发电机励磁电流在额定电流60％及以下时，陆续减刷1/5～1/3运行，电刷投入运行的数量与励磁电流的大小正相关。
PCT/CN2016/000405 2016-07-19 2016-07-19 电刷电流控制系统、电刷电流智能控制系统与控制方法 WO2018014147A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2016/000405 WO2018014147A1 (zh) 2016-07-19 2016-07-19 电刷电流控制系统、电刷电流智能控制系统与控制方法
CN201680087136.8A CN109417260B (zh) 2016-07-19 2016-07-19 电刷电流控制系统、电刷电流智能控制系统与控制方法

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2016/000405 WO2018014147A1 (zh) 2016-07-19 2016-07-19 电刷电流控制系统、电刷电流智能控制系统与控制方法

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018014147A1 true WO2018014147A1 (zh) 2018-01-25

Family

ID=60991810

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2016/000405 WO2018014147A1 (zh) 2016-07-19 2016-07-19 电刷电流控制系统、电刷电流智能控制系统与控制方法

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN109417260B (zh)
WO (1) WO2018014147A1 (zh)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4567414A (en) * 1982-07-12 1986-01-28 Berings Josephus B M Method and a device for controlling a brush-commutator assembly of an electric machine
US20090153089A1 (en) * 2007-12-13 2009-06-18 Alstom Technology Ltd Apparatus for monitoring of brushes, in particular slipring or commutator brushes, on electrical machines
CN201263032Y (zh) * 2008-06-23 2009-06-24 马鸿军 直流电机碳刷磨损感应报警装置
CN203786187U (zh) * 2014-04-29 2014-08-20 重庆勤智科技有限公司 在线式发电机碳刷电流全面监测装置
CN204142833U (zh) * 2014-10-20 2015-02-04 郭锡辉 一种发电机碳刷电流的监测装置
CN204789821U (zh) * 2015-07-15 2015-11-18 河南众源系统工程有限公司 电力机车电刷运行状态在线监测台
CN105319464A (zh) * 2015-10-20 2016-02-10 辽宁蒲石河抽水蓄能有限公司 电机用电刷最优磨损量的测量方法

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2244603B (en) * 1990-05-21 1994-07-27 Johnson Electric Sa An electric motor
JP4882189B2 (ja) * 2001-09-10 2012-02-22 株式会社Ｇｓユアサ ブラシ付きモーター
US6714007B2 (en) * 2002-01-18 2004-03-30 Honeywell International Inc. Optically powered resonant integrated microstructure magnetic field gradient sensor
JP4380393B2 (ja) * 2004-03-31 2009-12-09 トヨタ自動車株式会社 モータ用ブラシ状態判断装置
RU2526864C2 (ru) * 2010-03-01 2014-08-27 Сименс Акциенгезелльшафт Сенсорное устройство для тока подшипника с преобразователем энергии
CN202163032U (zh) * 2011-06-30 2012-03-14 刘运武 多用途人力挤压装置
CN104062487B (zh) * 2013-03-20 2016-08-24 国家电网公司 电压检测系统
CN203205685U (zh) * 2013-04-12 2013-09-18 中华人民共和国黄岛出入境检验检疫局 风力发电机导电滑环
CN103868846B (zh) * 2014-03-19 2016-05-04 哈尔滨工业大学 电刷摩擦系数测试台及其测量方法
CN204030224U (zh) * 2014-08-27 2014-12-17 台州市富达机电有限公司 碳刷架
CN208723275U (zh) * 2018-07-30 2019-04-09 新疆华电哈密热电有限责任公司 一种励磁机集电环加装碳刷

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4567414A (en) * 1982-07-12 1986-01-28 Berings Josephus B M Method and a device for controlling a brush-commutator assembly of an electric machine
US20090153089A1 (en) * 2007-12-13 2009-06-18 Alstom Technology Ltd Apparatus for monitoring of brushes, in particular slipring or commutator brushes, on electrical machines
CN201263032Y (zh) * 2008-06-23 2009-06-24 马鸿军 直流电机碳刷磨损感应报警装置
CN203786187U (zh) * 2014-04-29 2014-08-20 重庆勤智科技有限公司 在线式发电机碳刷电流全面监测装置
CN204142833U (zh) * 2014-10-20 2015-02-04 郭锡辉 一种发电机碳刷电流的监测装置
CN204789821U (zh) * 2015-07-15 2015-11-18 河南众源系统工程有限公司 电力机车电刷运行状态在线监测台
CN105319464A (zh) * 2015-10-20 2016-02-10 辽宁蒲石河抽水蓄能有限公司 电机用电刷最优磨损量的测量方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN109417260B (zh) 2020-11-10
CN109417260A (zh) 2019-03-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN104205618B (zh) 故障情况下风力涡轮发电机的转矩控制
CN101688517A (zh) 多发生器风轮机及操作方法
CN104635599A (zh) 一种用于动设备的主动预防性维护方法、装置
CN108155663A (zh) 控制配电微电网的方法
CN110630444A (zh) 一种风力发电机组安全伴生系统
CN104319669A (zh) 一种带有喷雾降温装置的变电站
WO2018014147A1 (zh) 电刷电流控制系统、电刷电流智能控制系统与控制方法
CN102609268A (zh) 设备维保监控软件
CN106903542B (zh) 一种主轴静压导轨断电保护方法
CN110171765A (zh) 一种自动扶梯保护方法及其系统
WO2018014146A1 (zh) 电刷运行智能控制系统与控制方法
CN207076542U (zh) 二级固定式破碎机的防压停报警装置
CN207926263U (zh) 具有备选直流控制电源的成套开关设备
CN103326502A (zh) 一种防止轴电压损害轴承的多绝缘轴承
CN110707580B (zh) 一种中置柜断路器检修闭锁装置
KR102128559B1 (ko) 풍력 발전 시스템 및 이의 운용 기법
CN103801864A (zh) 一种电焊装置
CN202944993U (zh) 起重机无触点电控系统
CN113931955B (zh) 一种具有多重安全保护功能的制动电机保护器及实现方法
Firmo et al. Analysis and Solution of the Luminosity Variations in a Steelmaking Industry Caused by the Operation of a Flying Shear
CN203481174U (zh) 10kv跌落式熔断器
CN213419077U (zh) 泵杆卡滞停机保护装置
CN203330669U (zh) 一种发电机组承缸拆卸专用工具
CN220065404U (zh) 一种变压器铁芯接地泄漏电流保护装置
CN215214482U (zh) 一种电梯制动器摩擦片

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 16909078

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 16909078

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1