WO2018013560A1 - Boucles d'oreilles hypoallergéniques - Google Patents
Boucles d'oreilles hypoallergéniques Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018013560A1 WO2018013560A1 PCT/US2017/041527 US2017041527W WO2018013560A1 WO 2018013560 A1 WO2018013560 A1 WO 2018013560A1 US 2017041527 W US2017041527 W US 2017041527W WO 2018013560 A1 WO2018013560 A1 WO 2018013560A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- piece
- ear
- earring
- ornamental
- removable
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000000774 hypoallergenic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 230000002009 allergenic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000811 surgical stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010966 surgical stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 210000000624 ear auricle Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000013566 allergen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000026935 allergic disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000030961 allergic reaction Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000007815 allergy Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 201000005299 metal allergy Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010012434 Dermatitis allergic Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000010201 Exanthema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010028741 Nasal inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000003251 Pruritus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000036071 Rhinorrhea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010039101 Rhinorrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010040914 Skin reaction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000172 allergic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001118 argentium sterling silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000006673 asthma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000010668 atopic eczema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000005884 exanthem Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000010946 fine silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010437 gem Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007803 itching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011049 pearl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010037844 rash Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000046 skin rash Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000430 skin reaction Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000035483 skin reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010041232 sneezing Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010930 yellow gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001097 yellow gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
- A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
- A44C7/00—Ear-rings; Devices for piercing the ear-lobes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
- A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
- A44C15/00—Other forms of jewellery
- A44C15/0035—Piercing type jewellery
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to earrings and more particularly to hypoallergenic pierced earrings typically, but not necessarily, worn in a pierced earlobe of a human being.
- Typical symptoms of a nickel allergy may include a skin rash or bumps, redness or other changes in skin color, dry patches on the skin that resemble a bum, itching, and blisters.
- a nickel allergy can also lead to respiratory problems including a runny nose, nasal inflammation, asthma, and sneezing.
- Most low cost earrings currently available in the market include nickel or other metals that cause irritation of the skin of those with a metal allergy.
- Commercially available hypoallergenic earrings that do not irritate the skin of human beings are made in one piece of precious metals principally argentium sterling silver, fine silver, silver, 14 karat and above yellow gold, gold, platinum and palladium which do not contain any nickel alloy. These one piece earrings are quite expensive and have a limited variety of ornamental designs or appearances.
- a hypoallergenic earring for a pierced ear may have an ornamental piece removably connected by a fastener to an ear piece of a non-allergenic material and removably connectable to a pierced ear.
- a variety of different ornamental pieces may be removably connected one at a time to the same ear piece to provide a variety of earrings with a different ornamental appearance.
- the ear piece may be in the form of a stud, a hook or an ear wire for removable attachment to a pierced ear.
- the fastener may be in the form of a complimentarily threaded stud and a portion of the ornamental piece or a hook and eye assembly releasably connecting the ornamental piece to the ear piece.
- the hook may have a releasable latch to releasably retain the hook in engagement with the eye at least while the earring is being worn.
- Figure 1 is an exploded perspective side view of a stud form of a non-allergenic earring embodying this invention
- Figure 2 is a perspective side view of the earring of Figure 1 ;
- Figure 3 is a perspective view from one side of a hook form of an earring embodying this invention.
- Figure 4 is a perspective view from another side of the earring of Figure 3;
- Figure 5 is a perspective view of an ornamental ball of the earring of Figure 3;
- Figure 6 is a perspective view from one side of a lever back form of an earring embodying this invention;
- Figure 7 is a perspective view from another side of the lever back earring of Figure 6;
- Figure 8 is a perspective view of an ornamental ball of the earring of Figure 6;
- Figure 9 is an exploded side view of another stud form of a non-allergenic earring embodying this invention.
- Figure 10 is a perspective back view of the ornamental piece of the earring of Figure 9.
- Figure 11 is a perspective front view of the earring of Figure 9.
- Figures 1 and 2 illustrate a stud form of a non-allergenic earring 10 having a stopper 12 removably receivable on a post 14 and a separate ornamental piece shown in the form of a ball 16 removably attachable to the post.
- the post may have an elongate pin 18 with a head 20 and a threaded shank or stud 22 adjacent one end.
- the pin 18 may be an elongate solid cylindrical rod with a rounded tip adjacent its free end and is preferably coaxial with the threaded shank 22 and the head 20 which may be generally cylindrical with generally planar opposed end faces extending transversely to the pin.
- the pin 18 may have a small enough diameter that in use it may be readily inserted through a pierced opening of an ear or the like. If desired the pin 18, head 20, and threaded shank 22 may be made in one homogeneously integral piece.
- the stopper or ear back 12 may be a strip of resilient flexible material with curled ends and a central hole of sufficient diameter so that the pin can be slidably received through the hole and between the curled ends to releasably frictionally retain the stopper on the pin 18 of the post 14.
- the stopper 12 and post 14, including the pin 18 and the head 20 are made of a non-allergenic plastic material or desirably a metal which does not have more than 0.05% of nickel therein on a weight or mass basis and a release or migration rate of the nickel when in contact with a pierced ear or other human body part of not more than 0.2 ⁇ g/cm 2 /week as measured by the European Union EN 1811 :2011 Test Method and the REACH Regulation, specifically item 27 of Annex XVII to that regulation.
- the metal of the stopper and post may be a surgical grade stainless steel, a noble metal, or typically gold, silver, platinum, palladium, titanium and alloys thereof, which essentially do not have any nickel and, in any event, have a nickel or other allergen metal migration or release rate when in contact with the skin of a pierced human body part of not more than 0.2 ⁇ g/cm 2 /week.
- the head 20 of the post prevents the ornamental ball 16 from coming into any prolonged contact with the wearer's skin when the earring is received in a pierced earlobe or other human body part disposed between the head and the stopper 12. Therefore, the ornamental ball 16 may be made of relatively inexpensive materials including, without limitation, various metals which contain more than 0.05% nickel by weight and have a greater migration or release rate of the nickel than that noted above and thus could cause an allergic reaction in some humans.
- the ornamental ball 16 may be disconnected and removed from the post 14 and a different ornamental piece having a complementarily threaded blind hole connected and secured to the threaded shank 22.
- a wearer or user of the earring 10 may have a large variety of different ornamental pieces, each of which can be releasably connected to, and removed from, the post 14. This provides a desirable wide variety of earrings having a different ornamental appearance by simply changing the ornamental piece 16 and using each ornamental piece with the same post 14 which greatly reduces the cost and makes more affordable non-allergenic earrings.
- Figures 3-5 illustrate a hook form of a non-allergenic earring 30 having a hook 32 and carrying a removable ornamental piece 34.
- the hook may have a generally u- shape with a first leg 36 having a generally semi-spherical tip 38 at its free end to facilitate insertion of the hook into a pierced opening of a wearer's earlobe or other human body part, a central bite 40 and a desirably longer second leg 42 having an eye 44 adjacent its distal end for receiving any one of a variety of ornamental pieces 34.
- the hook 32 may also have a tab 46 adjacent the eye on which a pad of a non-allergenic material is received to ensure that the ornamental piece 34 does not substantially continuously contact the skin of the wearer of the earring.
- the pad may be made of a surgical grade silicone, Teflon, acrylic, vinyl, PTFE, nylon or other surgical plastic materials.
- the ornamental piece 34 is removably connected to the hook 32 by a fastener 50.
- the fastener may have a hook 52 pivotally connected to a tang 54 attached to the ornamental piece 34 and with the tang and hook having generally L-shaped complementary catches 56 and 58 which releasably interlock.
- the hook may be made of a resilient and flexible material so that the catch 56 cams or slides over the catch 58 and snaps into underlying engagement with it.
- the ornamental piece 34 and the fastener 50 may be made of any suitable material which need not be non-allergenic.
- the hook 32 is made of a non-allergenic plastic or metal such as the noble metals and plastic materials noted above.
- Figures 6-8 illustrate a lever back form of an earring 60 with an ornamental piece 62 removably connectable to an ear wire 64 by a fastener 66.
- the ear wire 64 has an open loop 68 with a gap or opening 70 releasably covered or closed by a lever 72 pivotally connected adjacent one end to the open loop 68 and having a closed position extending over the gap 70 and overlying a free end portion 73 of the loop.
- the ear wire 64 may have an eye 74 which can releasably receive the fastener 66 which has a hook 76 pivotally connected to a tang 78 attached to the ornamental piece 62.
- the hook 76 and tang 78 have generally L-shaped complementary catches 80 and 82 which releasably interlock.
- the hook 76 may be made of a resilient and flexible material so that the catch 80 cams or slides over the catch 82 and snaps into underlying engagement with it.
- the hook 76 is movable between open and closed positions and when open can be inserted into and removed from the eye 74 and when closed, can retain the ornamental piece 62 on the ear wire 64.
- the ornamental piece 62 and the fastener 66 may be made of any suitable material which need not be non- allergenic.
- the ear wire 64 is made of a non-allergenic material.
- Figures 9-11 illustrate another stud form of a non-allergenic earring 90 having a stopper 12' removably receivable on a post 92 and a separate ornamental piece shown in the form of an ornamental ring 94 removably attachable to the post.
- the post 92 may have an elongate pin 95 with a head 96 and a threaded shank or stud 98 which may be fixed to the pin 95 adjacent one end.
- To removably attach the ornamental ring 94 to the post it has a threaded collar 100 fixed to the ornamental ring 94 and engageable with the complementarily threaded stud 98 of the post 92.
- the pin 95 may be an elongate solid cylindrical rod 102 with a rounded tip 104 adjacent its free end and is preferably coaxial with the threaded stud 98 and the head 96 which may be generally cylindrical with a generally planar or convex inner end face 105 extending transversely to the pin.
- the pin 95 may have a small enough diameter that in use it may be readily inserted through a pierced opening of an ear or the like. If desired, the pin 95, head 96 and threaded stud 98 may be made in one homogeneously integral piece.
- the stopper or ear back 12' may be a strip of resilient flexible material with curled ends 108 and a central hole of sufficient diameter so that the pin 95 can be slidably received through the hole and between the curled ends to releasably frictionally retain the stopper on the pin 95 of the post 92.
- the pin 95 may have one or more grooves 106 in which the curled end portions 108 of the ear back 12' may be received.
- the stopper 12' and post 92 including the pin 95 and the head 96 are made of a non-allergenic plastic material or desirably a non-allergenic metal which does not have more than 0.05% of nickel therein on a weight or mass basis and a release or migration rate of the nickel when in contact with a pierced ear or other human body part of not more than 0.2 ⁇ g/cm 2 week as measured by the European Union EN 1811 :2011 Test Method and the REACH Regulation, specifically item 27 of Annex XVII to that regulation. Suitable non-allergenic plastic materials and metals are noted above and will not be repeated here.
- the head 96 of the post 92 may be configured to prevent the ornamental ring 94 from coming into any prolonged contact with the wearer's skin when the earring 90 is received in a pierced earlobe or other human body part disposed between the head 96 and the stopper 12'. Therefore, the ornamental ring 94 may be made of relatively inexpensive materials including, without limitation, various metals which contain more than 0.05% nickel by weight and have a greater migration or release rate of the nickel than that noted above and thus could cause an allergic reaction in some humans. If desired, the ornamental ring 94 may be set with real or imitation gems, stones, pearls, or the like 110, 112 in an ornate metal ring 114 to provide an ornamental appearance.
- 64, post 92 and stop 12') or other ear attachment piece which comes into contact with a wearer's skin is made of a non-allergenic material such as a surgical plastic material, noble metal, titanium or surgical stainless steel, and the removably connected ornamental piece 16, 34, 62, 94 which normally does not come into contact with a wearer's skin may be made of allergenic materials which may be relatively inexpensive.
- This construction and arrangement provides relatively inexpensive earrings since the same non-allergic ear piece may be used and worn with a wide variety of different ornamental pieces which may be made of allergenic material for use with a single non-allergenic ear piece having a migration rate of nickel or other allergenic constituent of not more than 0.2 ⁇ g/cm 2 /week to thereby avoid an allergic skin reaction from contact therewith.
- a wearer's skin once a wearer's skin becomes sensitized to nickel or other metal allergens, the user's skin is sensitized for a lifetime. Thus, once a user's skin becomes sensitized, such a user must be very careful to avoid any further contact with a metal allergen.
Landscapes
- Adornments (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne une boucle d'oreille hypoallergénique destinée à une partie percée du corps humain, telle qu'une oreille, pouvant comporter une partie pour oreille en un matériau non allergène pouvant être reliée de manière amovible à une oreille percée et pouvant être mise en contact avec la peau de l'oreille, et un élément décoratif distinct pouvant être relié amovible par un élément de fixation à la partie pour oreille. La partie pour oreille et l'élément décoratif peuvent être conçus de sorte que lorsque la partie pour oreille est reliée à l'oreille, l'élément décoratif ne puisse pas venir en contact avec la peau de l'utilisateur de la boucle d'oreille.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US16/315,393 US20190208873A1 (en) | 2016-07-12 | 2017-07-11 | Hypoallergenic earrings |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201662361107P | 2016-07-12 | 2016-07-12 | |
US62/361,107 | 2016-07-12 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2018013560A1 true WO2018013560A1 (fr) | 2018-01-18 |
Family
ID=60951867
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2017/041527 WO2018013560A1 (fr) | 2016-07-12 | 2017-07-11 | Boucles d'oreilles hypoallergéniques |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20190208873A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2018013560A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20190320767A1 (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2019-10-24 | Amy Viger | Self piercing earing with interchangeable decoration |
US20200016032A1 (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2020-01-16 | Ashley Frer | Auriculotherapy device |
US20200154836A1 (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2020-05-21 | Sidney Bohanen | Apparatus used with a stud earring |
US20220330668A1 (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2022-10-20 | Venus by Maria Tash, Inc. | Charms, jewelry items with charms, and methods of manufacture and use thereof |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4195492A (en) * | 1977-09-16 | 1980-04-01 | Johnson Gordon A | Safety earrings for pierced ears |
US6105392A (en) * | 1997-03-12 | 2000-08-22 | Biagi; Kathalean M. | Earring piercing and fastening systems and methods |
US6167725B1 (en) * | 1997-06-26 | 2001-01-02 | Neometal, Inc. | Threadless jewelry connector assembly |
US20040093899A1 (en) * | 2002-11-19 | 2004-05-20 | John Ravenstein | Earring having attachable accessory |
US8499582B1 (en) * | 2006-11-20 | 2013-08-06 | James W. Carter | Interchangeable jewelry strand |
US8955355B1 (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2015-02-17 | Karla Darlene Dumas | LeFleur decorative jewelry |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3504507A (en) * | 1967-12-11 | 1970-04-07 | Daniel T Ferro | Method of varying an ornamental element of an earring |
US4653292A (en) * | 1985-05-28 | 1987-03-31 | Judy Maupin | Earring kit |
US4682477A (en) * | 1985-11-22 | 1987-07-28 | Vaillancourt Marilyn L | Convertible pierced-earlobe earring |
US4781036A (en) * | 1986-10-16 | 1988-11-01 | Dolores Erickson | Pierced-ear earring with changeable decorative earring elements |
US5357770A (en) * | 1992-04-10 | 1994-10-25 | Lanyi Carolyn H | Jewelry with interchangeable ornamental members |
US5582037A (en) * | 1993-06-07 | 1996-12-10 | Didomenico; Joseph | Pierced earring assembly |
US7530237B2 (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2009-05-12 | Lung Hsing Lei | Earring with a threaded stem for attaching to one of a variety of decorative elements |
US20090241599A1 (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-10-01 | Marianne Jo Stanke | Earring having s-member earring post and methods for use therewith |
US20120240623A1 (en) * | 2011-03-25 | 2012-09-27 | Amy Morse | Interchangeable Jewelry System |
US8683826B2 (en) * | 2012-01-24 | 2014-04-01 | Bryan Casey Crafton | Earring and method of using same |
US8621887B1 (en) * | 2013-01-24 | 2014-01-07 | Jessica S. Arlow | Interchangeable earring for individuals with pierced sensitive ears |
US20140298860A1 (en) * | 2013-04-07 | 2014-10-09 | Sondra Sue Westenburg | Convertible Earrings for Pierced Ears |
US20170224066A1 (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2017-08-10 | Colleen B. Sozio | Magnetic Jewelry Connectors For Forming A Jewelry Piece |
EP3070182B1 (fr) * | 2015-03-17 | 2017-08-30 | The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. | Alliage d'or gris |
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2017
- 2017-07-11 US US16/315,393 patent/US20190208873A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-07-11 WO PCT/US2017/041527 patent/WO2018013560A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4195492A (en) * | 1977-09-16 | 1980-04-01 | Johnson Gordon A | Safety earrings for pierced ears |
US6105392A (en) * | 1997-03-12 | 2000-08-22 | Biagi; Kathalean M. | Earring piercing and fastening systems and methods |
US6167725B1 (en) * | 1997-06-26 | 2001-01-02 | Neometal, Inc. | Threadless jewelry connector assembly |
US20040093899A1 (en) * | 2002-11-19 | 2004-05-20 | John Ravenstein | Earring having attachable accessory |
US8499582B1 (en) * | 2006-11-20 | 2013-08-06 | James W. Carter | Interchangeable jewelry strand |
US8955355B1 (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2015-02-17 | Karla Darlene Dumas | LeFleur decorative jewelry |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
GREEN, R ET AL.: "The British Museum Encyclopedia of Native North America", THE BRITISH MUSEUM ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NATIVE NORTH AMERICA, 1999, Bloomington, pages 110, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://books.googie.com/books?id=XiBnknkkDZcC&pg=PA110&lpg=PA11O&dq=german+silver+earring+native+American&source=bl&ots=vfLNpDV8wq&sig=psdfsBWZNAXIF4w3DWiMrvMOyHw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=OahUKEwi4xbmbgIDWAhUIWLwKHWdrChAQ6AEIYTAN#v=onepage&q&f=false> [retrieved on 20170823] * |
LATTA, A: "Perfectly Pair Your Projects With 8 Types of Jewelry Clasps", CRAFTSY, 15 July 2015 (2015-07-15), Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.craftsy.com/biog/2015/07/types-of-jewetry-ctasps> [retrieved on 20170824] * |
SAFEGUARDS: "CEN PUBLISHES AMENDMENT TO EN 1811 'NICKEL RELEASE", SGS, 4 April 2016 (2016-04-04), pages 2 - 4, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://web.archive.Org/web/20160404104233/http://www.sgs.com/en/news/2015/09/safeguards-15515-cen-publishes-amendment-to-en-1811-nickel-release> [retrieved on 20170822] * |
Also Published As
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US20190208873A1 (en) | 2019-07-11 |
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