WO2018001902A1 - Système et procédé pour déterminer un rapport masse de graisse/masse maigre de tissu corporel - Google Patents

Système et procédé pour déterminer un rapport masse de graisse/masse maigre de tissu corporel Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018001902A1
WO2018001902A1 PCT/EP2017/065562 EP2017065562W WO2018001902A1 WO 2018001902 A1 WO2018001902 A1 WO 2018001902A1 EP 2017065562 W EP2017065562 W EP 2017065562W WO 2018001902 A1 WO2018001902 A1 WO 2018001902A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
force
displacement
during
fat
lean
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PCT/EP2017/065562
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English (en)
Inventor
Cong TIAN
Ming Dong LI
Vincent LOU
Lin Li
Bin Yin
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Koninklijke Philips N.V.
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Publication of WO2018001902A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018001902A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/48—Other medical applications
    • A61B5/4869—Determining body composition
    • A61B5/4872—Body fat
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0048—Detecting, measuring or recording by applying mechanical forces or stimuli
    • A61B5/0053—Detecting, measuring or recording by applying mechanical forces or stimuli by applying pressure, e.g. compression, indentation, palpation, grasping, gauging
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/107—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/1075—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof for measuring dimensions by non-invasive methods, e.g. for determining thickness of tissue layer
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/44—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the integumentary system, e.g. skin, hair or nails
    • A61B5/441—Skin evaluation, e.g. for skin disorder diagnosis
    • A61B5/442—Evaluating skin mechanical properties, e.g. elasticity, hardness, texture, wrinkle assessment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
    • A61B5/02141—Details of apparatus construction, e.g. pump units or housings therefor, cuff pressurising systems, arrangements of fluid conduits or circuits
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
    • A61B5/022—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers
    • A61B5/02233—Occluders specially adapted therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/1036—Measuring load distribution, e.g. podologic studies
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/45—For evaluating or diagnosing the musculoskeletal system or teeth
    • A61B5/4519—Muscles

Definitions

  • This invention relates to determination of a fat to lean ratio of body tissue.
  • This ratio may be a thickness ratio of fat and muscle thickness under the skin, or a mass ratio of fat mass and muscle mass.
  • One area of interest is for monitoring the body composition of an expectant mother during pregnancy. Another area of interest is for the elderly population.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computer tomography (CT) scanning are the standard technologies for the quantitative assessment of the fat constituent of the overall body mass. However, none of these technologies is suitable for a consumer device.
  • the maternal body composition exhibits dynamic changes during pregnancy to support the development of the fetus from conception through to birth. These changes can be reflected as gestational weight gain (GWG), which includes the weight gains in maternal fat mass (FM) and fat- free mass (FFM) and also the fetus, placenta and amniotic fluid. If these body compositions changes could be measured, this would provide a tool for monitoring the body changes during pregnancy.
  • GWG gestational weight gain
  • FM maternal fat mass
  • FAM fat- free mass
  • BIA bio-impedance analysis
  • a system for determining the fat to lean ratio of body tissue comprising:
  • a processor which is adapted to:
  • the force-displacement relationships are based on measurement of force and displacement values, for example to determine tissue resistance information. This is for example based on the local slope of the stress/strain curve.
  • each measurement may be a procedure involving the measurement of multiple force and corresponding displacement values to measure the local force-displacement relationship.
  • This system takes at least two phases of force-displacement measurement, for which the elasticity of the lean and fat body tissue is known.
  • the two measurements are taken at different linear parts of a force-displacement curve (which corresponds to a stress/strain curve).
  • the two measurements enable two thickness values to be resolved.
  • One may be the combined thickness of skin and fat tissue and the other is then the thickness of muscle tissue.
  • the system avoids the need for electrical radiation or an ultrasound imaging system and provides a solution which may for example be purely mechanical. As such, it is easy to apply in the home with minimal training and with high safety.
  • the elasticity values for example comprise the Young's modulus.
  • the fat to lean ratio may comprise a ratio of the thickness of the fat constituent to the thickness of the lean constituent.
  • This ratio then enables an estimation of a change in body fat constitution to be obtained.
  • the two force-displacement relationships may comprise one relationship during a force loading process and the other relationship during a force unloading process.
  • the two force-displacement relationships may be both during a force loading process or both during force unloading process. There are thus various options for obtaining the desired multiple measurements.
  • the force-displacement relationships may comprise one relationship at a relatively large displacement value and one relationship at a relatively small displacement value.
  • the two force-displacement relationships may comprise one relationship during muscle contraction and one relationship during muscle relaxation. This muscle condition influences the elasticity values, so again this enables independent measurements.
  • the two force-displacement relationships may instead both be during muscle contraction or both during muscle relaxation.
  • the system is for example for monitoring the fat to lean ratio of body tissue of an expectant mother during pregnancy.
  • the system may thus be used as part of a pregnancy monitoring approach, to enable an expectant mother to have more information about her weight gain during pregnancy.
  • the system may be integrated into a blood pressure measurement cuff, so that a simple to use multifunctional monitoring device is provided.
  • Examples in accordance with another aspect of the invention provide a method for determining the fat to lean ratio of body tissue, comprising:
  • the fat to lean ratio may comprise a ratio of the thickness of the fat constituent to the thickness of the lean constituent.
  • the method may comprise:
  • the method may comprise obtaining a first force-displacement relationship at a relatively large displacement value and obtaining a second force-displacement relationship at a relatively small displacement value.
  • the method may comprise obtaining a first force-displacement relationship during muscle contraction and obtaining a second force-displacement relationship during muscle relaxation;
  • the method may be used to monitor the fat to lean ratio of body tissue of an expectant mother during pregnancy.
  • Figure 1 shows how the weight distribution of an expectant mother varies during pregnancy
  • Figure 2 shows a stress vs. strain plot for fat tissue and for muscle tissue
  • Figure 3 shows the parameters relevant to the compression of tissue having a layer of skin and subcutaneous fat and a layer of muscle, over a bone;
  • Figure 4 shows a system for analyzing tissue
  • Figure 5 shows how the stress vs. strain curve may differ between loading and unloading of a force
  • Figure 6 shows a general computer architecture suitable for implementing the controller and control method used in the system of Figure 4.
  • the invention provides a system and method for determining a fat to lean ratio or thickness ratio of body tissue.
  • An actuator such as a force probe or inflatable belt, is used to apply a force and measure a force and/or compression, so that at least two force-displacement relationships are measured. From the two force-displacement relationships and known elasticity values of fat and lean tissue, a fat to lean ratio of the body tissue is obtained. In particular, fat tissue thickness and lean tissue thickness may be resolved.
  • the system may be applied in the home with minimal training and with high safety.
  • the invention is based on reported studies which show that human tissue exhibits different mechanical properties under compression, which can be characterized by a force- displacement curve.
  • fat tissue and muscle tissue have different compression characteristics.
  • the fat to lean (muscle) ratio is an indication of the body tissue composition, and this composition is found to change during the course of pregnancy.
  • Figure 1 shows how the weight distribution of an expectant mother varies during pregnancy.
  • the y-axis shows the weight gain in kg and the x-axis is the time in weeks from conception. There is typically a generally linear overall weight gain from 8 weeks through to the delivery.
  • Figure 1 shows the contribution of different components to this weight gain, between the mother 10 and the fetus 12.
  • the fetal load is the combination of the fetus, placenta and amniotic fluid. This is taken from Pitkin, "Nutritional support in obstetrics and gynecology", Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology[J] 1976, 19(3): 489-513.
  • the graph shows a pregnant woman with 1 1 kg gestational weight gain.
  • the total fetal load is around 5 kg.
  • the weight increase of the uterus and breast is around 3.5 kg and the total fat change of the mother is around 1 kg, which includes the fat gain from the thighs, hip, abdomen, and arms.
  • Figure 2 shows stress vs. strain curves for fat tissue (top plot) and for muscle tissue (bottom plot).
  • the stress (y-axis) is measured in unit of Pascals, and the strain (x-axis) is dimensionless, representing the change in displacement as a function of the original dimension.
  • the ratio of stress to strain is the Young's modulus, which is the standard measure of linear elasticity.
  • the slope of the stress-strain curve is the linearly equivalent modulus for stepwise linear elasticity.
  • the plots may be considered to comprise a combination of linear phases.
  • the linearly equivalent modulus can be derived in the strain range 0-5% and 17-22%.
  • E1 , ⁇ 1', E2 and E2' are the equivalent modulus values of the respective linear phase.
  • the values are derived from the original stress-strain curve by using a least squares method.
  • the invention is based on extracting (at least) two measurements from the force- displacement data for a tissue sample, and using this independence in order to derive the different thicknesses of fat tissue and lean tissue.
  • a force displacement probe measurement may be implemented as part of a home-use system, for monitoring the fat to lean ratio, as well as the thickness of subcutaneous fat. The change of fat and lean mass over time may be of particular interest, for example during pregnancy.
  • the force-displacement measurement (compression) may be applied to a certain body region such as the upper arm, thigh, or abdomen, using various possible approaches, such as airbags or mechanical indentation. Any device for applying a pressure to a localized region of the body may be used as the actuator.
  • a user can monitor their body fat change either directly from the calculated fat to lean ratio or fat thickness, or from a total mass of body fat mass as estimated by using empirical equations based on fat thickness such as used in clinics.
  • the force-displacement curves of fat and lean tissue can be separated into different piecewise linear phases.
  • the fat and lean tissue can then be regarded as linear-elastic tissue in each phase.
  • the compression force (F) can be linearly expressed as a function of displacement (As), tissue thickness (d), and contact area (A).
  • Figure 3 shows a part of the human body before (left) and after (right) compression during a force-displacement measurement cycle.
  • Figure 3 shows the bone 30, muscle 32, subcutaneous fat 34 and skin 36.
  • the bone is considered to be an inextensible and incompressible material.
  • the skin and fat tissue have an initial thickness di and the muscle has an initial thickness d 2 .
  • the thickness di reduces by an amount ⁇ x ⁇ and the thickness d 2 reduces by an amount ⁇ x 2 .
  • the axial deformation may be analyzed by applying Newton's first law. At equilibrium, the force applied is equal to the elastic force of each layer and deformation of the whole is equal to the sum of each layer deformation. It can be assumed that no deformation occurs in the bone.
  • the skin and fat layer are considered together, since the skin layer is thin compared to the fat and muscle layers and the thickness of skin layer will not change during pregnancy.
  • the characteristics of skin and fat layer are also similar.
  • the Young's modulus for the skin and fat is Ei and the Young's modulus of the muscle is E 2
  • the area to which the force F is applied is given as A.
  • ⁇ x ⁇ x 1 + ⁇ x 2
  • each measurement procedure may be multiple force and displacement measurements to obtain a local gradient.
  • each measurement procedure may be multiple force and displacement measurements (e.g. 2) to obtain a local gradient.
  • One displacement value may be relatively small, for example with displacement/thickness of less than 5% and the other may be relatively large, for example with displacement/thickness more than 10%;
  • one measurement procedure is during loading of force to the probe at a first strain, and another measurement procedure is during unloading of force from the probe at the same first strain. In another example, one measurement procedure is during loading of force to the probe at a first strain, and another measurement procedure is during unloading of force from the probe at a different, second strain.
  • (iii) at different muscle contraction states For example, a measurement procedure at a small displacement may be used during muscle contraction and during muscle relaxation.
  • the effective Young's modulus of the soft tissues significantly increases, for example from 14.0 ⁇ 5.0 kPa to 58.8 ⁇ 1.7 kPa for example as reported in Zheng YP, Mak FT, Lue BK, "Objective assessment of limb tissue elasticity: Development of a manual indentation procedure", Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 1999, 36(2): 71 -85.
  • the Young's moduli are Ei and E 2 as defined above, the force applied is F and the combined displacement is ⁇ x .
  • the Young's moduli are Ei' and E 2 ', the force applied is F' and the combined displacement is ⁇ x'.
  • a first linear phase which is the initial phase of compression:
  • ⁇ x 10 is displacement of point 24 in fat tissue under force I 1 and ⁇ x 11 is displacement of point 26 in fat tissue under force F2.
  • ⁇ x 20 is displacement of point 27 in lean tissue under force I 1 and ⁇ x 21 is displacement of point 29 in lean tissue under force F2.
  • the fat thickness (di) and the fat/lean ratio (di/d 2 ) can be calculated based on the force and displacement in a local tissue region.
  • A is a fixed constant which can be defined by the manufacturer of the test probe.
  • the fat tissue weight of the whole body can be estimated by using empirical equations as disclosed in Widen EM, Gallagher D. "Body composition changes in pregnancy: measurement, predictors and outcomes", European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2014, 68: 643-652. Therefore, the fat mass can be monitored during the whole gestation period.
  • Figure 4 shows an example of an implementation of the system.
  • This example comprises a wearable belt 40 with one or multiple inflatable air bags 42 to generate a pressure towards certain a region of the body (e.g. upper arm or thigh) of the user who is wearing the device.
  • the pressure level and inflation/deflation speed is controlled by a main controller 44 within a pre-determined safety range.
  • One or multiple detecting probes 46 are integrated into the inflatable airbags.
  • the probes 46 generate the force F over the area A, and each probe has one or more force sensors (e.g. piezoelectric sensor) and one or more displacement sensors (e.g. flexi sensor).
  • the results of the processing by the controller 44 are presented on a display 46.
  • the display can be embodied in any device including a portable device such as a mobile computer or phone, or directly upon the belt for example using a flexible display.
  • the display may also be used to provide instructions to the user, for example to complete muscle contraction and relaxation when the different linear phases are obtained during different muscle states.
  • the airbags When the device is worn, the airbags are inflated and deflated to exert the loading and unloading pressure at a desired speed.
  • the speed is controlled by the controller.
  • both the force and displacement of the touched area are measured by the pairs of sensors.
  • the collected data of each pair of sensors is used for calculating the thickness of the fat tissue and lean tissue in different linear phases.
  • the controller 44 may be embodied in the belt or embodied in another separate device communicating with the belt via wired or wireless methods.
  • the controller calculates the slope of the force-displacement curve at the airbag contact area to determine the characteristics of the linear phase, and further estimates the fat/lean tissue thickness and fat thickness by the methods described above.
  • the method is implemented by an algorithm in the form of a computer program.
  • the display may be used to provide numerical results and/or to present graphs showing the evolution of parameters over time.
  • the system makes use of known elasticity values during the two measurements of the lean and the fat constituents of the body tissue.
  • the approach used may be selected to give the best ability to resolve the obtained values of di and d 2 .
  • the actuator and sensor may have a single probe or multiple probes. In the latter case, the sensing results may be combined or else best results (in terms of signal quality) may be selected from a set of possible results.
  • one possible pair of linear phases may be taken with one measurement during loading and one measurement during unloading.
  • Figure 5 shows how a generic force-displacement curve may vary as between loading (plot 50) and unloading (plot 52) and is used to show that there are two linear phases.
  • the example above is based on pressure application using an airbag. This may for example be implemented by an upper arm cuff. The same system may also be used for blood pressure measurement (in conventional manner).
  • the compression force applied may be measured by a piezoelectric sensor.
  • a flexible strain gauge sensor (so-called flex sensor) may be used for measuring displacement.
  • the force sensor may be mounted normally to the skin, and the flex sensor may be mounted parallel to the skin.
  • the displacement may be measured by other sensors, such as an optical fiber sensor.
  • the pressure may instead by applied by a linear actuator driving a probe towards the tissue in a controlled manner.
  • the method explained above can also be used to monitor the fat mass change during a weight management period for the general population and not only for pregnant women.
  • the application of the system to body builders is however limited unless the change of Young's moduli induced by muscle hypertrophy is taken into consideration in the empirical equations.
  • the system described above makes use of a controller for processing the collected data and for controlling the application of force by the probe or airbag system.
  • Figure 6 illustrates an example of a computer 60 for implementing the controller or processor described above.
  • the computer 60 includes, but is not limited to, PCs, workstations, laptops, PDAs, palm devices, servers, storages, and the like.
  • the computer 60 may include one or more processors 61, memory 62, and one or more I/O devices 63 that are communicatively coupled via a local interface (not shown).
  • the local interface can be, for example but not limited to, one or more buses or other wired or wireless connections, as is known in the art.
  • the local interface may have additional elements, such as controllers, buffers (caches), drivers, repeaters, and receivers, to enable communications. Further, the local interface may include address, control, and/or data connections to enable appropriate communications among the aforementioned components.
  • the processor 61 is a hardware device for executing software that can be stored in the memory 62.
  • the processor 61 can be virtually any custom made or commercially available processor, a central processing unit (CPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), or an auxiliary processor among several processors associated with the computer 60, and the processor 61 may be a semiconductor based microprocessor (in the form of a microchip) or a
  • the memory 62 can include any one or combination of volatile memory elements (e.g., random access memory (RAM), such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), etc.) and non-volatile memory elements (e.g., ROM, erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), electronically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), programmable read only memory (PROM), tape, compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), disk, diskette, cartridge, cassette or the like, etc.).
  • RAM random access memory
  • DRAM dynamic random access memory
  • SRAM static random access memory
  • non-volatile memory elements e.g., ROM, erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), electronically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), programmable read only memory (PROM), tape, compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), disk, diskette, cartridge, cassette or the like, etc.
  • the memory 62 may incorporate electronic, magnetic, optical, and/or other types of storage media. Note that the memory 62 can have a distributed architecture, where various components are situated remote from one another, but can be accessed by the processor 61.
  • the software in the memory 62 may include one or more separate programs, each of which comprises an ordered listing of executable instructions for implementing logical functions.
  • the software in the memory 62 includes a suitable operating system (O/S) 64, compiler 65, source code 66, and one or more applications 67 in accordance with exemplary embodiments.
  • O/S operating system
  • compiler 65 compiler 65
  • source code 66 source code 66
  • applications 67 application 67 in accordance with exemplary embodiments.
  • the application 67 comprises numerous functional components such as computational units, logic, functional units, processes, operations, virtual entities, and/or modules.
  • the operating system 64 controls the execution of computer programs, and provides scheduling, input-output control, file and data management, memory management, and communication control and related services.
  • Application 67 may be a source program, executable program (object code), script, or any other entity comprising a set of instructions to be performed.
  • a source program then the program is usually translated via a compiler (such as the compiler 65), assembler, interpreter, or the like, which may or may not be included within the memory 62, so as to operate properly in connection with the operating system 64.
  • the application 67 can be written as an object oriented programming language, which has classes of data and methods, or a procedure programming language, which has routines, subroutines, and/or functions, for example but not limited to, C, C++, C#, Pascal, BASIC, API calls, HTML, XHTML, XML, ASP scripts, JavaScript, FORTRAN, COBOL, Perl, Java, ADA, .NET, the iOS development tool, and the like.
  • object oriented programming language which has classes of data and methods, or a procedure programming language, which has routines, subroutines, and/or functions, for example but not limited to, C, C++, C#, Pascal, BASIC, API calls, HTML, XHTML, XML, ASP scripts, JavaScript, FORTRAN, COBOL, Perl, Java, ADA, .NET, the iOS development tool, and the like.
  • the I/O devices 63 may include input devices such as, for example but not limited to, a mouse, keyboard, scanner, microphone, camera, etc. Furthermore, the I/O devices 63 may also include output devices, for example but not limited to a printer, display, etc. Finally, the I/O devices 63 may further include devices that communicate with both inputs and outputs, for instance but not limited to, a network interface controller (NIC) or
  • NIC network interface controller
  • the I/O devices 63 also include components for communicating over various networks, such as the Internet or intranet.
  • the processor 61 When the computer 60 is in operation, the processor 61 is configured to execute software stored within the memory 62, to communicate data to and from the memory 62, and to generally control operations of the computer 60 pursuant to the software.
  • the application 67 and the operating system 64 are read, in whole or in part, by the processor 61, perhaps buffered within the processor 61, and then executed.
  • a computer readable medium may be an electronic, magnetic, optical, or other physical device or means that can contain or store a computer program for use by or in connection with a computer related system or method.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système et un procédé permettant de déterminer le rapport masse de graisse/masse maigre d'un tissu corporel. Un actionneur est utilisé pour appliquer une force et mesurer une compression, de sorte qu'au moins deux relations de déplacement de force soient mesurées. À partir des deux relations de déplacement de force et des valeurs d'élasticité connues du tissu gras et du tissu maigre, un rapport masse de graisse/masse maigre ou un rapport d'épaisseur du tissu corporel est obtenu. En particulier, l'épaisseur du tissu gras et l'épaisseur du tissu maigre peuvent être résolues. Le système peut être appliqué à domicile avec un entraînement minimal et avec une sécurité élevée.
PCT/EP2017/065562 2016-06-27 2017-06-23 Système et procédé pour déterminer un rapport masse de graisse/masse maigre de tissu corporel WO2018001902A1 (fr)

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CN2016087327 2016-06-27
CNPCT/CN2016/087327 2016-06-27
EP16181244.1 2016-07-26
EP16181244 2016-07-26

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WO2022245290A1 (fr) * 2021-05-17 2022-11-24 Nanyang Technological University Système et capteur de mesure de la spasticité musculaire

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US5156161A (en) * 1991-08-02 1992-10-20 Lollar John A Skinfold caliper for body fat measurement
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