WO2018000541A1 - 无人船载管线维修设备 - Google Patents

无人船载管线维修设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018000541A1
WO2018000541A1 PCT/CN2016/095107 CN2016095107W WO2018000541A1 WO 2018000541 A1 WO2018000541 A1 WO 2018000541A1 CN 2016095107 W CN2016095107 W CN 2016095107W WO 2018000541 A1 WO2018000541 A1 WO 2018000541A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pipe
assembly
saddle
plug
tubular
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Application number
PCT/CN2016/095107
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨越
Original Assignee
杨越
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 杨越 filed Critical 杨越
Publication of WO2018000541A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018000541A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/16—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/18—Appliances for use in repairing pipes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a maintenance tool, in particular to a pipeline maintenance device carried by an unmanned ship in the maintenance of a submarine oil and gas pipeline.
  • Insert component repair is to install fasteners - insert components outside the pipeline at the leak site, to achieve the purpose of repairing pipeline leaks, plug-in component repair technology is now mature application in land and submarine oil and gas pipeline maintenance operations, according to plug-in component repair technology
  • Most of the insert components are made in two halves and are fixed to the pipe by bolting or welding, so they can be divided into welded and bolted. The welded insert assembly improves repair reliability and the bolted connection is more convenient.
  • the current method is to install and repair underwater submersibles in Repulse Bay.
  • the submarine pipelines are referred to the working vessels, and the pipeline damages are pretreated directly on the working vessels. Insert the component into the pipeline to repair the installation.
  • the above two methods have obvious drawbacks. Due to the need to arrange support ships, personnel, maintenance equipment and other auxiliary equipment to the maintenance site, and after the operation is completed, support ships, personnel, maintenance equipment and The recovery of other auxiliary equipment is therefore costly and economical.
  • the plug-in equipment of domestic manufacturers is mainly used in terrestrial oil and gas pipelines. It can be used to temporarily block oil and gas pipelines for 2-3 months during temporary maintenance, ensuring that oil and gas will not leak at the seals around the inserted components.
  • the insert assembly is integrally welded to the pipe.
  • domestic manufacturers have not yet produced equipment for submarine oil and gas pipeline plug-in components.
  • the technology of home equipment for foreign submarine oil and gas pipelines is relatively mature. With the rapid development of unmanned ship technology, some special structure plug-in components have been developed and loaded onto unmanned ships.
  • the submarine pipeline can be repaired without the need for staffing, using unmanned vessels and maintenance inserts and appropriate auxiliary equipment, without the need to lift the pipeline to the unmanned vessel for pre-treatment, saving time and economic costs.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an unmanned ship-line maintenance equipment comprising: two fixing members, each fixing member providing a plug inserted therein in a corresponding pipeline portion, the fixing member being fixed to the pipeline; the bypass conduit being connected to Two fasteners; a series of insertion tools, through which each fastener is used for the respective associated pipe section, in the order in which the components are inserted, including the cutting tool insertion component, the stopper insertion component or the replaceable stopper insertion component, And a complete plug insertion assembly or a replaceable full plug insertion assembly; the probe light is mounted on the top end of each fixture (200) between successive two insertion assembly operations, thereby enabling the operator to see The result of inserting a component to perform an operation.
  • the first step in operating the insert assembly and fitting using the fixture machine is to install a branch saddle at a location around the ruptured conduit joint, the branch saddle being a conventional passive type having a partially cylindrical saddle a portion and a pipe head whose center line is perpendicular to the axis of the saddle portion, and the branch saddle is welded to the saddle portion by the electric iron to perform the welding operation until the saddle portion and the pipe section are welded together to be mounted to On the pipe.
  • the fixture is mounted in the branch saddle, which itself embeds the heating element, and the mounting portion is welded to the pipe by applying a current from the power source to the heating element embedded in the branch saddle.
  • the fixing member comprises a tubular member composed of a compression portion, each of which has an internal thread upper edge, and the portion has an external thread, and the end dimension is gradually reduced, and the components are screwed into the corresponding thread edge to form A complete high strength tubular.
  • an O-ring is provided between the two connecting portions of the tubular, and the pressure between the two is sealed such that the tubular retains the gas encountered in the line below a certain pressure.
  • the pressure is 100 psi.
  • the axially extending through the tubular body is a hole composed of a partial wall, and the hole portion formed by the hole portion has an enlarged inlet region capable of accommodating the branch saddle pipe head, and the enlarged hole portion A pair of O-rings are placed and placed in two mutually parallel grooves which are interchangeable with the tubular portions of the different types of gases inside to accommodate the pipe head of the branch saddle.
  • the gate valve is formed by a hole formed in the tubular portion to divide the hole into an upper chamber and a lower chamber, that is, a pressure-dividing region, and the tubular portion forms a hub of the drum fitting, and is composed of an upper end plate and a lower end plate.
  • the lower end plate has a plate shape, a bottom end extending in a radial direction, an outer circumferential wall, and an inner annular wall, the upper end plate having a plate-shaped top end, an outer circumferential wall and an inner annular wall, and a set of threaded bolts to the upper end
  • the plate and the lower end plate are fixed together, and a second O-ring is installed between the outer circumferential walls to ensure that the gas pressure in the drum assembly is kept below a certain value when the gate valve is opened.
  • an anchor shank is further included extending from the annular body of the gate valve for rotating the valve.
  • a pressure vessel is also provided for monitoring the pressure within the bore which is mounted in the threaded bore of the tubular portion.
  • Figure 1 is an excavation side view showing a pipe having a break point inside and a pair of fixtures that span the break point, the fixture being connected to an optional bypass line;
  • Figure 2 is a side view of one of the fixtures attached to the pipe
  • Figure 3 is a plan view of one of the fixtures, wherein the conduit to which the fixture is attached is shown in cross-section;
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view through the fixture shown in Figures 1 and 2 and a pipe;
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the fixture passing through Figures 2 and 3 and along line 5-5 illustrating the gate valve for separating the upper and lower regions of the fixture;
  • Figure 6 is a side elevational view of the mounting assembly with the cutting tool at the end;
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the mounting assembly through Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a side elevational view of the cutting tool component of Figure 7 broken up;
  • Figure 9 is a partial cross-sectional view of one tooth passing through the cutting tool of Figure 7;
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view through the probe lamp, after the installation fixture is installed, the probe lamp is used together with the fixture of Figure 2;
  • Figure 11 is a side view of the mounting fixture for applying the stopper to the pipe
  • Figure 12 shows a cross-sectional view through the stopper of Figure 11;
  • Figure 13 is a side elevational view of the cross-sectional stop of Figure 12 showing a contoured imaginary line of the deformable texture of the stopper when the shaft of the fixture is depressed;
  • Figure 14 shows a cross-sectional view of a branch saddle through a pipe and bonded to the pipe, wherein the stopper is fixed in the branch saddle and the pipe for blocking the pipe;
  • Figure 15 shows a side view of an alternative embodiment of the stopper shown in Figures 11-14;
  • Figure 16 shows a cross-sectional view of the replaceable stopper by Figure 15;
  • Figure 17 is a plan view showing the stopper of Figure 15;
  • Figure 18 shows a side view of an insert assembly for inserting a full plug into a branch saddle bonded to a pipe
  • Figure 19 shows a cross-sectional view through the insertion tool shown in Figure 18;
  • Figure 20 is an enlarged detail view of Figure 19 showing the top end of the insertion assembly
  • Figure 21 is an enlarged bottom plan view of the insertion assembly of Figure 19, particularly showing the process of installing a loaded spring holder at one end of its conduit;
  • Figure 22 is an enlarged plan view showing the end of the insertion fixture of Figure 19, the complete plug is fixed to the loaded spring holder;
  • Figure 23 shows a cross-sectional view through the conduit and the branch saddle and the replaceable integral plug therethrough
  • Figure 24 shows an enlarged detail view of Figure 23 showing how the replaceable full plug can be combined with the branch saddle.
  • the fasteners 200 are secured to the conduit 100 through which a series of insertion tools are used for the respective associated conduit portions 103 and 105, in the order in which the components are inserted, including the cutting tool insertion assembly 400 (Fig. 6 -9), the stopper insertion assembly 600 (Figs. 11-14) or the alternative stopper insertion assembly 700 (Figs. 15-17), and the complete plug insertion assembly 800 (Figs. 18-22) or replaceable
  • the complete plug is inserted into assembly 900 (Figs. 23 and 24).
  • the probe lamp 500 (Fig. 10) is mounted at the top end of each of the fixtures 200, thereby enabling the operator to see the result of the insertion assembly performing the operation.
  • the first step in using the fastener-related insert assembly and fitting 300-900 is to install a branch saddle 109 where the joint is made around the conduit 100 of the fracture 101. Since the operations to be performed are the same for the two fixtures 200, only one of them will be described herein, it being understood that the same structure is used for the two fixtures and the same sequence of operations is performed (unless otherwise specified).
  • the branch saddle 109 is of a conventional passive type having a partially cylindrical saddle portion 111 and a pipe head 113 with a centerline perpendicular to the axis of the saddle portion 111.
  • the branch saddle 109 is mounted to the pipe 100 in a conventional manner by performing a welding operation using an electric soldering iron, usually along the contour of the saddle portion until the saddle portion 111 and the section of the pipe 100 are fusion welded together, the wire bonding 115 Shown. Due to the melting of the saddle pipe joint surface, the center line of the pipe head will not be exactly 90 degrees from the center line of the pipe 100.
  • the fixing member 200 can also be used for an active saddle in which the heating element is embedded, so that the mounting portion can be welded to the pipe without using an electric soldering iron, simply by applying a current from the power source to the branch.
  • the heating element embedded in the saddle can be used.
  • the fixture 200 includes a tubular body composed of compression portions 217, 219, 221, and 223. Portions 217, 219 and 221 each have an internally threaded upper edge 225, 227 and 229, and portions 219, 221 and 223 have external threads, and the end dimensions are gradually reduced by 231, 233 and 233, and these components are screwed into the corresponding threads. Edges 225, 227 and 229 thereby form a complete high strength tubular 237.
  • the O-ring 239 provides a pressure seal between the two connecting portions of the tubular member 237 such that the tubular 27 maintains the gas encountered within the line below a certain pressure, i.e., up to 100 psi.
  • a bore 241 consisting of the walls of portions 217, 219, 221 and 223.
  • the region of the hole 241 formed by the hole portion 217 has an enlarged inlet region 242 sized to accommodate the branch saddle pipe head 113.
  • a pair of O-rings 243 and 245 are placed in two mutually parallel grooves 247 and 249 in the enlarged hollow portion 241 to ensure a seal between the tubular portion 217 and the branch saddle 109.
  • the tubular portion 217 can be interchanged with a tubular portion of a different internal gas species to accommodate the conduit head of the active branch saddle.
  • the portion of the hole 241 formed through the tubular portion 221 is a gate valve 251, which functions to divide the hole 241 The upper chamber and the lower chamber, that is, the pressure-dividing regions 241a and 241b.
  • the tubular portion 221 forms a hub of the drum fitting 253, the function of which is to cover the gate valve 251 in an open state, as shown in FIG.
  • the drum fitting 253 is composed of an upper end plate 255 and a lower end plate 257.
  • the lower end plate 257 has a plate-like, radially extending bottom end 259, an outer circumferential wall 261, and an inner annular wall 263.
  • the upper end plate 255 has a plate-like tip 263 (similar to the bottom end 259), an outer circumferential wall 265 and an inner annular wall 267. Fixing the upper end plate 255 and the lower end plate 257 together is a set of threaded bolts 269.
  • the bottom end 259, the top end 263 and the walls 265 and 267 define an annular chamber 271 adapted to receive the gate valve 251 to rest within an annular slit 273 formed by the mutually spaced faces of the annular walls 263 and 265.
  • the pressure seal between the gate valve 251 and the slit 273 is provided by a pair of O-rings 275 and 277 placed in the annular inner wall 263.
  • Another O-ring 278 is provided between the outer circumferential walls 261 and 265 for providing a gas pressure within the drum assembly 253 that remains below a certain value when the gate valve 251 is opened.
  • an anchor handle 250 for rotating the valve Extending from the annular body 252 of the gate valve 251 is an anchor handle 250 for rotating the valve (Fig. 5).
  • the anchor shank is stapled to a threaded screw 275 that is rotatably mounted on a circular projection that extends from the upper end chamber plate 255.
  • the screw 275 is fixed by a nut 279.
  • the O-ring 281 provides a seal between the circular protrusion 277 and the bolt 275.
  • the use of a wrench on the hex end 283 of the bolt 275 allows the valve 251 to transition between the open and closed positions.
  • a threaded bore 283 is mounted in the tubular portion 223 (Fig. 4), and a pressure vessel 285 is mounted in the tapped bore.
  • the pressure relief formed by the upper chamber region 241a of the bore 241 is accomplished through an opening 287 in the same tubular portion 223 which is welded to the threaded cylindrical portion 289 to form a vent with a ball valve 291 mounted thereon.
  • the secondary ball valve a conventionally constructed ball valve can be selected.
  • a similar ball valve 293 (hereinafter referred to as "main ball valve") is provided for providing a bypass path through the conduit 107 of Figure 1, the bypass path being mounted on a cylindrical portion 295 (Fig. 5) and welded
  • the tube portion 219 communicates with the lower end chamber region 241b through an opening in the wall of the tubular portion 219, which is similar to the opening 287, but is not shown.
  • the top end of the fixture 200 is an outlet for separating the respective portions of the attachments 300-900.
  • the inlet portion formed is a tool container 297 that includes a bracket having an annular rim 299 at its upper end and gradually transitioning to a reduced size, externally threaded end portion 303 at its shoulder 301.
  • the tool container is internally threaded within the rim 299 and partially enters the body of the terminal portion 303 to receive different accessories 300-900. Since these attachments are made of iron, the preferred tool container 297 is also made of iron.
  • the institutional container 297 is tied to the tubular portion 223 at the inlet by a buckle 305 which may be an aluminum article or may be tied together with all of the portions of the tubular member 237.
  • the buckle 305 has a reduced size upper end portion 307 and an enlarged lower end portion 309.
  • the buckle 307 has a thread that matches the external thread of the tool container 297, and the enlarged buckle portion 309 further includes a set of external threads that match the upper end of the tubular portion 223.
  • O-rings 313 and 315 provide a pressure seal between tubular portion 223 and container 297, respectively, between retaining ring 305 and insert retaining ring 297 and tubular portion 223.
  • the tubular portion 217 faces the saddle line head 113 such that the line is directed into the inlet 242 of the tubular portion 217 until The bottom end of the wide portion is in contact with the saddle portion 111.
  • the pipe head 113 is tightly fitted with the holes of the tubular portion 217 and is sealed by O-rings 243 and 245.
  • a pair of L-shaped upper end bracket members 317 are welded to the tubular portion 217 to form a top end of the attachment bracket, the bottom end of which includes a bracket 319 having a centrally reinforced thickened region 321 .
  • Bracket 319 is shaped so that when the pipe is a perfect circle, its inner surface matches the size and shape of the pipe.
  • the bracket 319 Soldering and projecting from either side of the bracket 319 is a pair of lower bearing bracket members 323.
  • An iron extension head 325 extends into the bore (not shown) through the base of the L-shaped bracket 317, and the iron extension head 327 extends into the bore of the end of the lower bearing bracket portion 323 (not shown).
  • the iron bore 329 has a threaded shank 331 and a handle 333 extending through the upper bearing bracket 317 and the lower bearing bracket 323 and helically engaged with the respective iron extension heads.
  • the upper bearing bracket 317 and the lower bearing bracket 323, and their associated components include means for conforming to the tubular member 237 for attaching the fixture 200, particularly the tubular, to the conduit 100.
  • the upper bearing bracket and the lower bearing bracket move toward each other, causing the bottom end tubular portion 317 to be firmly fixed to the base, opposite the saddle portion 111 of the branch saddle 109.
  • the sprite by pressing the tube 100 against the bracket 319, assumes that the tube is circular, as opposed to a slightly elliptical shape, another common assumption of the shape of the tube.
  • a further result of driving the upper bearing bracket 317 and the lower bearing bracket 323 to move relative to each other is that the centerline of the duct 100 is at a right angle of 90 degrees with respect to the centerline of the inlet 242 of the fixture, and thus the centerline of the pipe head 113 of the branch saddle is also In 90 degrees.
  • the cutting insert assembly 400 and its main components include a shaft 401, a sealing plug 40, a cutter 405, and a guide hub 407.
  • the shaft 401 has a handle 409 that is threaded into the end of the opening in the threaded ferrule 411 and the terminal end on the opposite side.
  • the tool 405 is supported by a threaded tube head 411 (Fig. 7).
  • the guide hub 407 includes an externally threaded body 413 and a hex head 415 that extends through a bore in the hex head 415 into a corresponding bore in the shaft 401.
  • the axial bore 419 is slightly larger than the diameter of the shaft 401 and extends through the guide hub 407, allowing it to swing slightly around the pin 417 on the shaft 401 for reasons that will be explained later.
  • the time-penetrating hole 421 located just above the sealing plug 403 in the shaft 401 can be removed from the spring clip 423 when it is passed out and extended.
  • the sealing plug 403 includes a slot member 425 having a hex head 428 in which an outer helical cylindrical portion 427 extends, the termination being located in a smaller, unthreaded portion 429, and the portion 429 having an outer sealing O-ring 431 .
  • the spacer ring 433 has internal threads to match the threads of the cylindrical portion 427, screwing into the upper portion of the portion until it meets the lower end surface 435 of the hex head 428.
  • Extending through the unthreaded terminal portion 429 is an axial bore 437 that is sized to fit snugly against the outer diameter of the shaft 401.
  • Extending into the sealing plug 403 from its upper end and extending into the bore 437 is a counterbore 439 having a thread 441 adapted to receive the threads 413 of the guiding hub 407 after the spring clip 423 is removed from the shaft 401.
  • the cutting tool 405 includes two portions: a cutting hub 451 and a housing cutter 453.
  • the hub 451 is generally cylindrical, extending in a radial direction, the annular flange 455 surrounding the middle of the hub, the hub body having a hexagonal section 457 above the flange (as seen in Figure 8) and an externally threaded cylindrical portion 459. The extension below the blue.
  • the threaded bore 461 extends axially and through the hub 451.
  • the outer casing cutter 453 comprising an iron cylinder 463 having a slot 465 cut into one of the ends, the slots extending at an angle to the centerline of the cylinder 463, each slot being An end of a circular cutout 467 is completed.
  • the slot 465 defines a plurality of teeth 469 having end faces 471 that are inclined relative to the plate that is perpendicular to the centerline of the cylinder 463.
  • a set of spine 471 extends around the inside of the outer casing cutter teeth 469 just to the tip end 473.
  • the upper end of the outer casing cutter 453 terminates within an inner threaded edge 475, the threads of which are adapted for use with the threads 459 of the cutter hub 451.
  • the cutter hub 451 is threaded onto the shaft head 411 until the bottom end of the flange 455 enters the shaft, as shown in FIG.
  • the outer casing cutter 453 is then screwed into the threaded portion 459 of the hub 451.
  • a pair of diametrically opposed holes 471 are used which are located in the wall of the cylinder so as to extend through the pin therethrough to flip the cutter 453 onto the hub 451.
  • the operation of the insertion assembly 400 begins by lifting the assembly 400 such that it will be over the fixture 200 and carefully insert the assembly 400 with the cutter 405 being guided through the fixture Container 297.
  • the sealing plug 403 is then threaded into the container 297 until the bottom of the spacer ring 433 reaches the top surface 300 of the container 297.
  • the spring clip 423 is located above the shaft 401.
  • the entire insert assembly 400 will be placed above the gate valve 251 because the spring clip 423 is in contact with the face 300 of the container 297.
  • the gate valve 251 is then opened.
  • the spring clip 423 is moved away from the shaft 401 and presses the shaft into the interior of the fixture 200, pressing in the direction of the pipe until the threads on the guide hub body 413 are threaded with the internal threads of the counterbore 439 on the sealing plug 403. . Then turn the handle to drive the guide hub 407 into the sealing plug 403, the mark number at the beginning of the cutting operation.
  • the cutter 405 is sized to fit snugly through the branch saddle pipe head 113 such that a mating hole can be cut into the wall of the pipe 100. The lowering operation of the cutter 405 through the branch saddle pipe head 13 becomes easier because the shaft 401 is able to move slightly within the guide hub 407 and the spacing between the inner bore 419 and the shaft.
  • the guide hub 407 As the handle 409 rotates, the guide hub 407 is pushed into the sealing plug 403, both of which rotate and advance in the direction of the conduit 100, causing the teeth of the cutter 469 to engage the wall of the conduit and begin to cut through the conduit wall. It should be noted that the position of the guide hub 407 is opposite the cutter tooth tip 473 on the shaft 401. When the threads on the guide hub 407 and the sealing plug 403 are first engaged, the tooth tips 47 are spaced apart from each other by a small distance above the pipe. The cutting operation continues until the bottom surface 475 on the hex head 415 of the guide hub is coupled to the top surface 477 of the hex head 428 of the sealing plug.
  • the distance between the bottom surface 475 and the tip end 473 of the cutting tooth 469 is as shown in area A of Figure 7, which is selected such that when the faces 475 and 477 are joined, the tooth tip 473 is located just at the midpoint of the pipe 100, thereby Avoid grooves in the bottom half of the pipe, which can also occur as the cutter advances past the midpoint of the pipe.
  • the outer diameter of the outer casing cutter 453 should be slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the branch saddle head 113 and the duct 100 such that the cutter 453 is guided by the duct head 113 in a direction 90 degrees from the centerline of the duct 100, and at this time The cutter centerline intersects the centerline of the conduit 100. Because of this, since the cutter teeth are just at the midpoint of the pipe 100, the wall of the pipe will be cut into an arcuate wall portion, commonly referred to as a "sample blank", such as the arcuate member 79 shown in FIG.
  • the inner edge 471 of the cutter tooth 469 is engaged with the outer edge of the sample blank 479, so that after the cutting operation is completed, the tool can be withdrawn by rotating the shaft 401 clockwise, the sample The blank 479 is withdrawn from the outer casing cutter 453.
  • the pipe shavings produced during the cutting process will pass directly through the slit 465 into the interior of the cutter and then through the shear block 467 where the shear block will remain in the chamber, the chamber wall being the cutter 453 and the chamber
  • the bottom is formed by a pipe sample blank 479. The sample blank and shavings are removed by removing the cutter from its hub 451.
  • the gate valve 251 is closed, and the secondary release valve 291 is opened to discharge the gas in the upper orifice space 241a, which can reduce the gas pressure therein.
  • the insert assembly 400 is removed from the fixture 200 by screwing the sealing plug 403 and the container 299 of the fastener 200, and then the assembly 400 is taken out.
  • the probe lamp 500 shown in Figure 10 is used for this purpose. It includes a transparent gel glass plug 501 located within chamber 503 that is screwed into a lamp sealing plug 505.
  • the lamp sealing plug 505 is used for a similar function to the cutter sealing plug 403 shown in Fig. 6, and a similar configuration is employed externally. That is, it includes a tubular member 507 extending from the hex nut 509 and having a relatively thin and smooth terminal portion 513 having an O-ring 515 at the end.
  • the lamp sealing plug 505 has an axial bore 517 extending along the entire length of the plug. The upper end portion of the hole 517 is threaded.
  • the shape of the lamp chamber 503 is similar to the sealing plug 505.
  • the axial hole 523 extends over the entire length of the chamber 503.
  • the window Inside the upper half of the chamber 503, the window has a slightly tapered, transparent, colloidal glass plug with external threads that mate with the internal threads of the chamber 503.
  • the external threads of the plug 501, the internal and external threads on the chamber 503, and the internal threads of the sealing plug 505 are all pipe threads.
  • the external threads on the sealing plug 505 are regular machined threads.
  • Electrical connector 525 extends through and through wall opening 527 of hex head 519 into slot 529 of window 501.
  • the light bulb 531 is secured within the electrical receptacle 533 and embedded within the colloidal glazing 501, and if desired, the connector 525 is also embedded within the window 501.
  • a pair of wires 535 completes the circuit from the power source (not shown) to the bulb 531.
  • a sealing strip (not shown) is wrapped around the peripheral pipe threads of the lamp chamber tubular 521 and the tubular is then screwed into the lamp sealing plug 505 as far as possible inside.
  • the outer pipe threads of the colloidal glazing 501 are preferably covered with a sealant and the window is then screwed into the interior of the lamp chamber 503 such that the slit 529 can be collinear with the opening 527 of the hex head 519.
  • the result of the pipe cutting step is checked and the probe lamp 500 is mounted by selecting the sealing plug 505 into the interior of the container 297 of the fixture 300.
  • the gate valve 251 is still closed because it is the secondary ball valve 291.
  • the ball valve 251 can now be turned to the open position, the bulb 531 is illuminated, and the line 100 is visualized through the window 501.
  • the gate valve 251 is closed, the secondary ball valve 291 is opened to release the pressure from the upper chamber portion 241a, and the thread of the lamp is unscrewed and removed.
  • the secondary ball valve 291 is closed to prepare for the next step, that is, to install a stopper in the pipe 100.
  • the stopper insertion assembly 600 includes a shaft 601 with a handle 603, a drive hub 605, a sealing plug 607, and a stopper assembly 609.
  • the shaft 601, the handle 603, and the sealing plug 607 are substantially similar to the corresponding components of FIG.
  • the shaft 601 has a buckle 611 that is fixed to the shaft for moving in the axial direction toward the shaft when the drive hub 605 is screwed into the sealing plug 607. Since the sealing plug 607 is the same as the sealing plug 403 of Figure 7, the structural details are shown but will not be described.
  • the stopper assembly 609 includes a mouthed iron buckle 617, a rigid, preferably iron buckle 619, and an elastic tab 621.
  • the buckle 617 is cylindrical with an upper axial opening 623 and a lower axial opening 625.
  • the upper end opening 623 is threaded and accommodates a reduced length of the shaft 601 with a threaded section.
  • the radial openings 629, 631 and 633 intersect the lower axial opening 625.
  • An iron buckle 619 having a U-shaped cross section has a threaded inlet 635 for receiving the externally threaded reduced end 637 of the mouth buckle 617.
  • An inflow/outflow opening 639 extends through the wall of the iron retaining ring 619, also with threads for receiving a mold (not shown) for forming an elliptical profile of the resilient tab 621 around the opening 639.
  • the grooves approximately 1/8 inch apart, are formed on the inner surface of the buckle 619 to help support the elastic sheet 621.
  • a screw (not shown) is screwed into the opening 639.
  • the screw has an arcuate surface (not shown) attached thereto for scooping the arcuate surface 641 on the elastic piece 621, which surrounds the inflow/outflow opening 639.
  • the elastic piece 621 is formed by inserting an iron buckle 619 into the mold, and the bolt is inserted into the opening 639.
  • the shape of the mold is designed such that when the elastomer enters the space between the mold and the iron clasp 619, the formed head 643 is thinner than the side wall portion 645. The reason for this is more obvious when using the tool.
  • a scooping action is performed to provide a smooth arcuate outline 641 when the tool (not shown) is removed from the inflow/outflow opening 639.
  • the chamber 645 formed through the inside of the iron buckle 619 of the inflow/outflow opening 639 and the passage through the axial and radial openings 625 and 631 have a path.
  • FIG. 1 the main steps of generating the bypass are illustrated in FIG. 1, and the main step is to mount the insertion assembly 600 inside the fixture 200 shown in FIG.
  • This portion of operation begins with lowering assembly 600, passing it through inlet container 297 until sealing plug 607 enters and engages the threads of inlet container 297.
  • assembly 600 is a fully withdrawn position and spring clip 615 is secured in the position shown in FIG.
  • the sealing plug 607 is turned over until it is fully fixed so that the seal between it and the inlet container 297 is effective.
  • the gate valve 251 is then opened, the spring clip 615 is removed from the shaft 601, and the shaft is pushed through the sealing valve 607 until the drive hub 605 enters the sealing valve 607.
  • the direction in which the handle 603 faces from FIG. 11 is the same as the direction of the inflow/outflow opening of the stopper assembly 609. This also enables the user to place the opening 639 in an appropriate direction, by properly turning the handle 603 and then rotating 639. Since it is desirable to plug the pipe 100 to establish isolation between the branch saddles 109, a bypass will be created in the saddle, and the crack 101 in the pipe and the handle 603 should be opened to face the inflow/outflow opening 639 away from the crack. The direction of 101 is toward the air source.
  • the shaft 601 and the stopper assembly 609 assume this orientation, and the drive hub 605 is screwed into the sealing plug 607 with a time axially downward force to the shaft 601 which enters the fixture 200 and the conduit 100.
  • the tip end of the stopper assembly 609 is pressed against the bottom end of the pipe 100, and the elastic piece 621 and particularly its hemispherical head 643 are deformed. Due to the progressively increasing thickness of the elastic leader 643, there is sufficient elasticity that the iron buckle 619 causes the outer side of the elastic sheet to conform to the inner surface of the duct 100.
  • the initial and subsequent elastic sheets are slightly deformed as shown in Fig. 13, indicated by solid line B and broken line C, respectively, and the final position of the stopper assembly 609 within the duct 100 is as shown in Fig. 14.
  • the smile gap between the stopper assembly 609 and the wall of the conduit 100 or the sheet 621 of the stopper assembly that has been slightly deformed is filled.
  • the gas previously flowing into the duct 100 and passing through the fixture 200 and flowing through the duct portions 103 and 105 toward the crack 101 is now blocked at the duct portions 103 and 105, both of which are bypassed, passing through the stopper assembly 609.
  • the fluid path enters the port 241 of the fixture 200. (Recall that the operations described herein until the point is performed on both fixtures 200, including the installation of the stopper assembly 609 therein).
  • the main ball valve 293 is currently open, so the bypass around the line segments 10 and 105 is completed, and the conduit 107 therethrough extends between the main ball valves 293. The repair of the rupture 101 is now beginning.
  • a replaceable stopper insertion assembly 700 is shown in Figures 15-17. Since only the stop components are different, only this part is shown.
  • the stopper assembly 701 of the replaceable stopper insert assembly 700 is characterized in that the partial cylindrical portion 702 terminates inside the partial spherical head portion 703 with a smooth transition between the surfaces of the portions 702 and 703, with the exception of the mold line 705. Both of the diameters of the portions 702 and 703 should be slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the wall duct 100.
  • the outer sealing surface of its partial cylindrical portion 702 is defined by a line that is greater than 180 degrees about the body axis.
  • the stopper assembly is mounted on a rigid, preferably iron, scoop-shaped clasp 707 having a thickened head region 711.
  • the iron buckle 707 has an internally threaded buckle 713 at the center of the axis 715 of the body and heads 702 and 703. Screwed into the buckle 713 is a 627 having a reduced size on the shaft 601 and a threaded end.
  • the shaft 601 and all remaining portions of the insert assembly, including the handle 603, the drive hub 605, the pin 615 and the sealing plug 607, and the insert assembly 600 shown in Figure 11 are all identical.
  • the handle 603 of the insert assembly 700 should face in a predetermined direction relative to the open section 717 such that the open section 717 can be flipped in the direction of the airflow to be stopped.
  • the replaceable stopper insertion assembly 700 operates in the same manner as the insertion assembly 600.
  • the replaceable stop component 701 operates in a similar manner as the stop component 609.
  • the manner of movement to the shaft 601 is driven into position, and the thickened elastic region 711 on the head 703 is compressed to enable the stopper assembly to fill the full pipe 100 in a manner consistent with its internal contour.
  • the insertion assembly is next removed from the fixture 200. This step will be described with particular reference to the insert assembly 600 of Figures 11-14.
  • the assembly is first contracted by unscrewing the guide hub from the sealing plug 607 and The handle 603 is pulled up until the stopper assembly 609 is fully retracted so that the spring piece 615 can be reinserted into the shaft 601.
  • the gate valve 251 is then closed, the secondary ball valve 291 is opened to release the pressure, and the entire stopper insertion assembly is removed by unscrewing the sealing plug 607 from the container 297, and then the entire assembly 600 is lifted out of the fixture 200.
  • the final step in the process is to seal the branch saddle head 113, which is established by the bypass path.
  • This is the function of the complete plug insertion assembly 800 as shown in Figures 18-22.
  • the basic component includes a conduit 801 through which the shaft 803 is transported, a portion of the loaded spring bracket 805 extending into the bottom end of the conduit, and a complete plug 807 movably coupled to the end of the conduit 801 opposite the bracket.
  • the basic component forming the complete plug insertion assembly 800 is a sealing plug 808 that is slidably mounted on the shaft 801.
  • the sealing plug 808 is inserted into the interior of the fixture 200 by lowering the full plug insertion assembly 800, pushing the full plug 807 until it is locked onto the branch saddle 109, from The remainder of the insertion assembly 800 releases the complete plug 807 and the assembly is withdrawn from the fixture 200.
  • the iron pipe 801 has a uniform outer diameter, a stepped hole having a relatively large terminal portion 809, and a reduced size hole portion 811 extending from the hole portion 809 to the upper end of the pipe.
  • the shoulder 813 is formed by the transition between the hole portions 809 and 811, forming a stop position for the coil spring 815, compressed between the shoulder 813 and the nut 817, and the screw is fastened to the reduced size threaded rod 803 One end 819.
  • the bracket 805 has an end wall with an internally threaded bore 821 into which the threaded end 819 will enter.
  • the order in which the aforementioned components are assembled is that the bracket 805 and the nut 817 are fastened to the threaded end 819, and then the nut 817 secures a section of the bracket 805 to secure it.
  • the spring 815 then slides over the top end of the shaft 803 and the shaft is inserted into the line 801 through the bottom end until the bracket 805 enters the bottom end of the line 801, and then the top end of the shaft 803 is from the opposite side, that is, the line 801 The top sticks out.
  • the cap 801 has a hexagonal head 823 and an externally threaded extension 825 into which the adapted and matched internal threads 827 are received.
  • the inner bore 829 passes through the end cap 821 and it is through the bore that the upper end of the shaft 803 is exposed after it is dragged through the conduit 801.
  • the shaft 803 is fixed by a handle 831 which extends through a hole 833 at the end of the shaft 803 and is fixed by an Allen head screw 835.
  • Cam groove 837 Cut into the tube at its bottom end is a cam groove 837 comprising an axial direction, an inlet groove portion 839 and a circumferential extension portion 841.
  • Cam groove 837 is used to hold the complete plug 807 at the end of the line 801, as will be explained below.
  • the full plug 807 is composed of a resilient disk 843 which is sandwiched between the upper end iron plate 845 and the lower end iron plate 847.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the disc 843 and the plates 845 and 847 are both circular.
  • the bottom surface 847 is flat.
  • the top plate 845 has a cylindrical hub 849 extending in a vertical direction with a cam nail 851 extending in a radial direction.
  • the threaded screw 853 extends through the axis openings in the plates 845 and 847 and within the disk 843. Threading through one end of the screw 853 is a nut 855, the size of which is actually referred to as being compatible with the bracket 805 to be driven later.
  • the full plug 807 is inserted into a section of the conduit 801 until the top end of the hub 849 is in contact with the edge of the bracket 805.
  • the plug 807 is then pressed in the direction of the line 801 so that the bracket 805 is pressed into the open circuit, compressing the spring 815.
  • the cam nail 851 is positioned on the hub 849 such that the staples will enter the cam groove 837 and, more particularly, when the upper surface of the compression plate 845 is in contact with the front edge 859 of the conduit 801, it will enter its peripheral portion. 841.
  • the outer configuration of the sealing plug 808 is substantially similar to the corresponding sealing plug on the assembly 600 because it performs the sealing function in substantially the same manner.
  • the axial bore 867 is a uniform cross-sectional shape that extends through the sealing plug 808 and is sized to receive the conduit 801 in a tight fit.
  • the positioning groove 869 is shown just above the sealing plug 808.
  • the full plug insertion assembly 800 is assembled in the manner shown in Figures 18 and 19, but in a fully extracted position wherein the cam studs 851 are coupled to the bottom end of the sealing plug 808 and the assembly 800 is inserted into the securing member.
  • the insertion method is similar to the previous operation.
  • the sealing plug 808 of the assembly 800 is screwed into the interior of the container 297 and secured in place.
  • the gate valve 251 is thereafter opened and the line 801 is pushed through the sealing plug 808 until the positioning groove 869 is in line with the top surface 873 of the plug 808, as shown in FIG.
  • the reason why the positioning groove 869 is placed in this way is that when it is in line with the face 873, the full plug 807 will be placed in an appropriate position in the branch saddle head 113.
  • the handle 831 can be rotated to cause rotation of the shaft 803, and as it rotates there is a spring loaded bracket 805 that is located at one end of the shaft 802. Conversely, the bracket 805 is engaged with the nut 855 of the full plug 807 to begin the nut movement on the slinger 853, causing the drive of the top compression plate 845 to cause the scented bottom compression plate 847 to move. As a result, the elastic disk 843 located between the plates 845 and 847 is gradually compressed in the axial direction, thus expanding in the radial direction.
  • the line 801 is pressed up until the bracket 805 is above the gate valve 251, the valve is now closed, after which the secondary ball valve 291 opens to release pressure (if present) and by sealing the plug 808 The position of the container 297 is unscrewed to remove the assembly 800.
  • FIG. 23 and 24 An alternative full plug insertion assembly 900 is shown in Figures 23 and 24 (shown near Figure 10). All of the components are identical to the insert assembly 800, except for the structure of the complete plug, which is designed as an object 901 in Figures 23 and 24.
  • the complete plug of Figures 8-22 and the complete plug of Figures 23 and 24 differ in nature in that the latter feature a resilient disk that is located on the protruding portion of the metal plug and is subjected to a branch saddle The backing of the beveled edge of the seat is not compressed and stretched by the wall of the branch saddle.
  • the integral plug 901 includes a generally cylindrical metal buckle 903 having a threaded body 905 with a hexagonal hub 907 extending therefrom.
  • a cam needle 909 is projected from the hub 907 for the same function as the cam needle 851 of FIG.
  • the threaded buckle main body 905 has a portion 911 whose projection portion is gradually reduced in size, and the elastic cap 913 is mounted thereon, and the 913 has an outer edge 915 having an inclined surface.
  • a reduced size portion 917 is provided within the branch saddle head 916 to modify its configuration, with 916 threadedly threaded onto the buckle body 905.
  • the faceted face 919 is also present inside the saddle portion 921 of the modified branch saddle 923, as shown in Figures 23 and 24.
  • the replaceable full plug shown in Figures 23 and 24 can be inserted into the remaining convertible portion of the insert assembly 800 in the same manner as the full plug 807 of Figure 22, using cam fingers that are present in the cam groove 837. 909.
  • the replaceable full plug 901 is lowered and positioned in the direction of the branch saddle 923, and the reference insert assembly 800 is identical in the manner previously described.
  • the handle 831 When the handle 831 is rotated, the shaft 803 rotates therewith, and the spring loaded bracket 805 that engages the hexagonal hub 907 of the plug 901 rotates the metal buckle 905, causing the plug 901 to be screwed into the threaded portion of the branch saddle 923.
  • the handle 831 is rotated until the elastic disk 913 is pressed between the metal buckle 905 and the beveled base surface 919 of the branch saddle 923, at which point the seal on the pipe head 916 spanning the branch saddle acts.
  • the meshing contact of the road 801 and assembly 800 will be withdrawn as described with reference to Figures 18-22.
  • a method has been described in detail herein in which the gas flow through the conduit can be temporarily cut from the leak until the leak repairs.
  • the method and the novel apparatus for carrying out the method have been described in the context of a pipeline through which gas is only caused by the pressure on the side of the leak, and it is expected to provide a continuous supply to both sides of the leak.
  • Service, bypass installation in the pipeline is necessary. In these cases, it is necessary to not only block the pipelines upstream and downstream of the leak, but also to provide a path from the upstream end of the pipe to the bypass pipe and a circuit from the bypass pipe to the downstream portion of the pipe. It will be apparent that the above-described environment, if not essential, may use a simpler alternative embodiment.
  • the thus configured stop assembly is essentially a solid component.
  • the solids stop assembly may, for example, be identical in shape to the stop assembly 609 of Figures 11-14, but without openings 639, 629, 631 and 625.
  • iron has been used as a material for the parts to provide the required lightness. It should be understood that other materials, usually metals, may be used instead of iron as long as they have the required strength.
  • aluminum has been cited as a material for the body portion of the fixture 200. Aluminum is cited because aluminum is easy to process and has the required strength to withstand the pressure of the interior of the fixture. In addition, it should be understood that other materials may be used without the ease of machining, and in fact, if sufficient plastic can be found, it can be used instead of aluminum.
  • the fixing member 200 is shown to be bonded to the pipe, and the branch saddle is fixed on the pipe, so that the pipe head center line is vertical, and the fixing member can also be used with the branch saddle because the branch saddle The seat is installed on the off road, and the line head line is at an angle rather than vertical. Therefore, since the fixing member 200 is a branch eye of the horizontal eye, it can also be fixed to the pipe 100 in which the center line of the fixing member is vertical.
  • the reference made therein uses "upper end” and "lower end” in the specification and claims, and it should be understood that these terms are used to designate the components on the fixture that are relatively closest and farthest from the duct 100, respectively, and are not used. Specify those components that are higher or lower in the vertical direction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)
  • Pipe Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

一种无人船载管线维修设备，包括：两个固定件（200），每一个固定件（200）在相应的管线部分（103，105）提供插入其中的塞子，固定件（200）固定到管道（100）上；旁路导管（107）连接到两个固定件（200）上；一系列插入工具，通过每个固定件（200）用于各自相关的管线部分（103，105），按照插入组件使用的顺序，包括切割工具插入组件（400），停止器插入组件（600）或者可替换的停止器插入组件（700），以及完整插塞插入组件（800）或者可替换的完整插塞插入组件（900）；探测灯（500），在连续的两个插入组件执行操作之间被安装在每个固定件（200）的顶端，从而使得操作者能够看到插入组件执行操作的结果。

Description

无人船载管线维修设备 技术领域
本发明涉及维修用具，特别是海底油气管线维修中由无人船搭载的管线维修设备。
背景技术
插入组件维修是在泄漏部位的管道外安装紧固件-插入组件，达到维修管道泄漏的目的，插入组件维修技术目前已经成熟的应用在陆地和海底油气管道维修作业中，根据插入组件维修技术在海底油气管道的应用情况，目前维修技术中最关键的部件就是海底管道插入组件。插入组件大多制成两半状，使用时用螺栓连接法或焊接法固定到管道上，因此可以分为焊接式和螺栓连接式。焊接式插入组件可以提高修复可靠性，螺栓连接式更方便。
对于我国广大海域海底管道维修，目前采用的方法是针对浅水湾进行水下人工潜水安装维修，而对于深水地区，是将海底管道提到工作船上，在工作船上对管道损害部位进行预处理后直接对管道进行插入组件修复安装。然而对于水域浑浊能见度极低的情况，以上两种方法弊端明显，由于需要安排支持船、人员、维修设备及其他辅助设备到维修现场，并且在完成操作后需要进行支持船、人员、维修设备及其他辅助设备的复原工作，因此需要耗费的时间和经济成本很高。
国内生产厂家的插入组件设备主要应用于陆地油气管道，用作临时维修时可以正常封堵油气管道2-3个月，保证油气在插入组件四周密封处不泄漏，用作永久维修时，可以把插入组件与管道整体焊接在一起。国内生产厂家目前还没有生产用于海底油气管道插入组件设备的，国外海底油气管道家居设备技术比较成熟，随着无人船技术的快速发展，开发一些特殊结构的插入组件搭载到无人船上，在无需人员配备的情况下，采用无人船和维修插入组件以及适当的辅助设备就可以完成海底管线的修复工作，无需将管线提升至无人船上进行预处理，节约时间和经济成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种无人船载管线维修设备，包括：两个固定件，每一个固定件在相应的管线部分提供插入其中的塞子，固定件固定到管道上；旁路导管连接到两个固定件上；一系列插入工具，通过每个固定件用于各自相关的管道部分，按照插入组件使用的顺序，包括切割工具插入组件，停止器插入组件或者可替换的停止器插入组件，以及完整插塞插入组件或者可替换的完整插塞插入组件；探测灯，在连续的两个插入组件执行操作之间被安装在每个固定件(200)的顶端，从而使得操作者能够看到插入组件执行操作的结果。
优选的，使用固定件机器操作插入组件和配件的第一步是在围绕破裂的管道内接头制作的地方安装一个支路鞍座，支路鞍座是传统被动型，具有一个部分圆柱形鞍座部分和管道头，其中心线与鞍座部分的轴线垂直，支路鞍座通过电烙铁执行焊接操作的方式沿着鞍座部分的轮廓直到鞍座部分和管道的截面熔融焊接在一起以安装到管道上。
优选的，固定件安装在支路鞍座内，其自身嵌入发热元件，通过将来自电源的电流施加到支路鞍座内嵌的加热元件将安作部分焊接到管道上。
优选的，固定件包括由压缩部分组成的管状物，压缩部分分别都有一个内螺纹上缘，并且部分具有外螺纹，以及末端尺寸渐减的，将这些部件旋入到相应的螺纹缘从而形成一个完整高强度的管状物。
优选的，管状物的两个连接部分之间提供O型环，将两者之间压力密封从而使得管状物保持管线内相遇的气体在一定压力之下。
优选的，压力为100psi。
优选的，轴向延伸穿过所述管状物的为孔洞，由部分的壁组成，孔洞部分形成的孔洞的区域具有一个放大的入口区，能够容纳支路鞍座管道头，放大的孔洞部分内放置一对O型环，并且放在两个互相平行的凹槽内，孔洞部分可以与内部不同种类气体的管状物部分互换，从而容纳支路鞍座的管道头。
优选的，闸门阀穿过管状物部分形成的孔洞将孔洞分成上部腔室和下部腔室，即隔压区域，管状物部分形成鼓装配件的轮毂，由上端板和下端板组成。
优选的，下端板为板状，沿半径方向延伸的底端，外侧圆周壁，以及一个内侧环形壁，上端板具有板状顶端，外侧圆周壁和内侧环形壁，一套带螺纹的螺栓将上端板和下端板固定在一起，在外侧圆周壁之间安装第二O型环，保证闸门阀打开时鼓装配组件内的气体压力保持在一定值以下。
优选的，还包括锚柄，从闸门阀的环形体延伸出来，用于旋转阀门。
优选的，还安装压力容器，用于监测孔洞内的压力，其安装在管状物部分的螺纹孔中。
根据下文结合附图对本发明具体实施例的详细描述，本领域技术人员将会更加明了本发明的上述以及其他目的、优点和特征。
附图说明
后文将参照附图以示例性而非限制性的方式详细描述本发明的一些具体实施例。附图中相同的附图标记标示了相同或类似的部件或部分。本领域技术人员应该理解，这些附图未必是按比例绘制的。本发明的目标及特征考虑到如下结合附图的描述将更加明显，附图中：
附图1为挖掘侧视图，表示内部具有破裂点的管道以及一对跨过该破裂点的固定物，所述固定物与可选择的旁路管线连接；
附图2为其中一个连接在管道上的固定物的侧视图；
附图3为其中一个固定物的俯视图，其中该固定物所附着的管道以截面图的方式表示；
附图4为穿过图1和2所示的固定物以及管道的截面图；
附图5为穿过附图2和3并沿着线5－5的固定物截面图，说明了用于将固定物上部区域和下部区域分开的闸式阀；
附图6为末端带有切割工具的安装组件侧视图；
附图7为穿过附图6安装组件的截面图；
附图8为附图7的切割工具部件打散的侧视图；
附图9为穿过附图7的切割工具的一个齿的部分截面图；
附图10为穿过探测灯的截面图，安装固定物安装完成后，探测灯与附图2的固定物一起使用；
附图11为安装固定物的侧视图，用于将停止器施加到管道上；
附图12表示穿过附图11停止器的截面图；
附图13为附图12所示截面图停止器的侧视图，表示压下安装固定物的轴时该停止器可变形纹理的一条轮廓假想线；
附图14表示通过管道和粘合在管道上的支路鞍座的截面图，其中停止器固定在支路鞍座和管道内，用于阻塞管道；
附图15表示如图11－14所示停止器的可替换实施例侧视图；
附图16表示通过附图15可替换停止器的截面图；
附图17表示附图15的停止器俯视图；
附图18表示一个插入组件侧视图，用于将完整插塞插入到粘结到管道上的支路鞍座；
附图19表示穿过附图18所示插入工具的截面图；
附图20表示附图19的放大细节图，表示插入组件的顶端；
附图21为附图19插入组件的底部放大视图，尤其表示了在其管道一端安装受载弹簧托座的过程；
附图22表示附图19的插入固定物末端的放大视图，完整插塞固定在受载弹簧托座上；
附图23表示穿过管道和支路鞍座以及穿过其中的可替换完整插塞的截面图；
附图24表示附图23的放大细节图，表示可替换的完整插塞如何与支路鞍座结合在一起。
具体实施方式
首先参考附图，发明将载管线100会受到破裂101的背景下采用优选模式进行说明。假定加压气体从管道上游部分103输送过来，从而如果管道的上游部分103堵塞，连接到管道下游部分105的用户会被切断，除非作出其他供给。所以，附图1所述的情形要求破裂101 周围设置旁路，也就是所述的一对固定件200，每一个固定件在相应的管线部分103和105提供插入其中的塞子，旁路导管107连接到两个固定件上。一般来说，固定件200固定到管道100上，一系列插入工具通过每个固定件用于各自相关的管道部分103和105，按照插入组件使用的顺序，包括切割工具插入组件400(附图6－9)，停止器插入组件600(附图11－14)或者可替换的停止器插入组件700(附图15－17)，以及完整插塞插入组件800(附图18－22)或者可替换的完整插塞插入组件900(附图23和24)。另外，连续的两个插入组件执行操作之间，探测灯500(附图10)安装在每个固定件200的顶端，从而使得操作者能够看到插入组件执行操作的结果。
首先参见附图2－4，使用固定件机器相关插入组件和配件300－900的第一步是在围绕破裂101的管道100内接头制作的地方安装一个支路鞍座109。由于需要执行的操作对于两个固定件200来说是一样的，这里仅描述其中之一，应当理解对于两个固定件使用同样的结构并执行同样的操作顺序(除非有其他具体说明)。
支路鞍座109是传统被动型，具有一个部分圆柱形鞍座部分111和管道头113，其中的中心线与鞍座部分111的轴线垂直。支路鞍座109通过传统方式安装到管道100上，该方式为使用电烙铁执行焊接操作，通常沿着鞍座部分的轮廓直到鞍座部分111和管道100的截面熔融焊接在一起，焊蚕115所示。由于鞍座管道连接面的熔融，管道头的中线就不会与管道100的中线刚好成90度了。可替换的，固定件200也可以用于有源鞍座，其中自身嵌入发热元件，这样不用使用电烙铁就可以将安作部分焊接到管道上，简单的通过将来自电源的电流施加到支路鞍座内嵌的加热元件即可。
固定件200包括由压缩部分217，219，221和223组成的管状物。部分217，219和221分别都有一个内螺纹上缘225，227和229，并且部分219，221和223具有外螺纹，末端尺寸渐减的231，233和233，这些部件旋入到相应的螺纹缘225，227和229从而形成一个完整高强度的管状物237。O型环239在管状物237的两个连接部分之间，提供了两者之间的压力密封从而使得管状物27保持管线内相遇的气体在一定压力之下，即，最高为100psi。
轴向延伸穿过管状物237的为孔洞241，由部分217，219，221和223的壁组成。孔洞部分217形成的孔洞241的区域具有一个放大的入口区242，尺寸设计成为能够容纳支路鞍座管道头113。一对O型环243和245放在放大的空洞部分241内两个互相平行的凹槽247和249内，保证管状物部分217和支路鞍座109之间的密封性。管状物部分217可以与内部气体种类不同的管状物部分互换，从而容纳有源支路鞍座的管道头。
穿过由管状物部分221形成的孔洞241部分为一个闸门阀251，其作用是将孔洞241分 成上部腔室和下部腔室，即隔压区域241a和241b。管状物部分221形成鼓装配件253的轮毂，鼓装配件的功能是覆盖处于打开状态的闸门阀251，如图5所示。鼓装配件253由上端板255和下端板257组成。下端板257具有一个板状，半径方向延伸的底端259，一个外侧圆周壁261，以及一个内侧环形壁263。上端板255具有一个板状顶端263(与底端259类似)，一个外侧圆周壁265和一个内侧环形壁267。将上端板255和下端板257固定在一起的是一套带螺纹的螺栓269。底端259，顶端263以及壁265和267确定了一个环形腔室271，适用于容纳闸门阀251停留在一个环形狭缝273内，狭缝由环形壁263和265的互相间隔的面形成。闸门阀251和狭缝273之间的压力密封件由一对放在环形内壁263内的O型环275和277提供。它们确保了当关闭闸门阀251的情况下，上端孔洞区域241a可以与下端孔洞区域241b是隔开的。另一个O型环278，在外侧圆周壁261和265之间用于提供闸门阀251打开时鼓装配组件253内的气体压力保持在一定值以下。
从闸门阀251的环形体252延伸出来的为锚柄250，用于旋转阀门(附图5)。锚柄被钉在带螺纹的螺钉275上，螺钉旋转安装在一个圆形突起物上，该突起物从上端腔室板255处延伸过来。螺钉275通过螺母279固定。O型环281提供了圆形突起物277和螺栓275之间的密封。在螺栓275的六角端283上使用扳手可以使阀门251在打开和关闭位置之间转换。
为了能够监测孔洞241内的压力，在管状物部分223内(附图4)安装一个螺纹孔283，在螺纹孔内安装一台压力容器285。孔洞241的上部腔室区241a形成的压力排放通过同一个管状物部分223内的开口287完成，开口与带螺纹的圆柱形部分289焊接在一起，形成一个排放口，排放口上安装一个球阀291(此后称为“次球阀”)，可以选用传统结构的球阀。一个类似的球阀293(此后称为“主球阀”)，用于提供穿过附图1内导管107的旁路路径，旁路路径安装在一个圆柱形部分295上(附图5)并焊接在管状物部分219上，通过管状物部分219壁上的开口与下端腔室区域241b通讯，壁上开口与开口287类似，但是没有示出。
考虑到固定件200的顶端是一个出口，用于使附件300－900的相应部分分开。形成的入口部分为工具容器297，包括一个在其上端具有环形边缘299并在其肩部301逐渐转变为尺寸减小，外螺纹终端部分303的托座。工具容器在边缘299内为内螺纹，并且部分进入终端部分303的主体内来接收不同的附件300－900。由于这些附件是由铁制成的，优选的工具容器297也有铁制成。体制容器297在入口处与管状物部分223通过扣环305系在一起，扣环可以是铝制品，也可以是组成管状物237的所有部分系在一起。扣环305具有一个尺寸减小的上端部分307以及一个放大的下端部分309。扣环307带有与工具容器297的外螺纹相匹配的螺纹，并且放大的扣环部分309还包括一套在管状物部分223的上端外螺纹相匹配啮合 的内螺纹。O型环313和315在扣环305和插入扣环297以及管状物部分223之间，分别提供了管状物部分223和容器297的压力密封。
通过将固定件200以及底端管状物单元217放在一起并放低来安装管道100上的固定件，管状物部分217面向鞍座管线头113，这样管线投进管状物部分217的入口242直到广状物部分的底端和鞍座部分111相接。管道头113紧密的与管状物部分217的孔洞装配在一起并通过O型环243和245将两者保持密封。一对L型上端支架元件317与管状物部分217焊接在一起形成一个连接支架的顶端，该支架的底端包括一个具有中心加强加厚区域321的托架319。托架319定型，因此当管道是正圆形的时候，它的内表面与管道的尺寸和形状匹配。
焊接并从托架319两侧任意一侧伸出的是一对下轴承支架元件323。铁制伸入头325伸入孔内(未示出)穿过L形托架317的基座，并且铁制伸入头327伸入下轴承支架部分323终端的孔内(未示出)。铁制孔洞329具有带螺纹的柄部331和把手333，延伸穿过上轴承托架317和下轴承托架323，并且螺旋的与各自的铁制伸入头啮合在一起。上轴承托架317和下轴承托架323以及两者相关的部件包括与管状物237一致的装置，用于将固定件200，特别是管状物连接到管道100上。
通过旋转把手333，上轴承托架和下轴承托架互相向对方移动，导致底端管状物部分317坚固的固定在基座上，与支路鞍座109的鞍座部分111相对。灵位，通过向支架319按压管道100，假定管道是圆形，与略有椭圆的形状相对，即管道形状的另一个常用假设。驱动上轴承托架317和下轴承托架323互相移动的进一步结果是，管道100的中线相对于固定件的入口242的中线成直角90度，因此相对于支路鞍座管道头113的中线也成90度。结果，当外部直径与管道头113的内径非常匹配的工具穿过管道头进入管道内时，工具由管道头引导因此工具的中线与管道100的中线也成90度，由于管道头113的中线与管道100的中线相交，工具的中线也会相交。
现在参见附图6－9，这里会描述第一插入组件，用于在穿过固定件200的管道。切割插入组件400及其主要部件包括轴401，密封塞40，切割器405以及一个引导轮毂407。轴401具有一个把手409通过螺钉进入带螺纹的管头411内的开口一端及相对侧的终端。工具405通过带螺纹的管头411支撑(附图7)。引导轮毂407包括一个外螺纹体413和一个六角头415，销钉417穿过六角头415内的孔延伸进入轴401内的相应孔。轴向孔洞419比轴401的直径略大，延伸并穿过引导轮毂407，允许其在轴401上围绕销钉417轻微摆动，原因后面会解释。正好位于轴401内的密封塞403上方的时穿透孔421，从中穿出并延伸的时可去除弹簧夹423。
密封塞403包括一个具有六角头428的狭槽元件425，其中延伸出一个外螺旋圆柱部分427，终端位于一个尺寸较小的不带螺纹的部分429，部分429带有一个外部密封O型环431。隔离环433具有内螺纹从而与圆柱部分427的螺纹相匹配，旋进该部分上部直到与六角头428的下端面435相接。
通过不带螺纹的终端部分429延伸的是轴向孔437，设计尺寸能够与轴401的外径紧密配合。从其上端进入密封塞403并向孔洞437延伸的是扩孔439，具有当弹簧夹423从轴401移除后，适于容纳引导轮毂407的螺纹413的螺纹441。
附图8中可以最好的看到，切割工具405包括两个部分：切割轮毂451和外壳切割器453。轮毂451通常是圆柱形，沿着半径方向延伸，环形法兰455环绕轮毂的中部，轮毂主体具有六角截面457在法兰上方(附图8中可以看到)以及一个外螺纹圆柱部分459在法兰下方延伸。带螺纹的孔461沿着轴向延伸并穿过轮毂451。
现在看一下外壳切割器453，包括一个铁制圆柱体463，具有一个切入两端的其中一端的狭槽465，狭槽沿着与圆柱体463的中线成一定角度的方向延伸，每个狭槽在一个环形剪切块467内结束。狭槽465定义了多个具有端面471的齿469，相对与圆柱体463的中线垂直的板是倾斜的。
附图9可以更好的看到，一组脊柱471在外壳切割器齿469的内部环绕延伸，刚好达不到尖端473。
外壳切割器453的上端在内螺纹缘475内终结，其中的螺纹适于与切割器轮毂451的螺纹459配合使用。
为了将切割器405组合在一起，切割器轮毂451旋入轴头411上直到法兰455的底端进入轴上，如图8所示。然后，外壳切割器453旋入到轮毂451的螺纹部分459。为了使得切割器能够紧密的固定，使用一对直径方向上相对的孔471，孔位于圆柱体的壁内，这样可以伸入销钉穿过其中从而将切割器453翻转到轮毂451上。
插入组件400的操作，尤其是其上切割器405的操作由将组件400提升起来开始，这样就会在固定件200的上方，并且小心的将组件400插入，其中切割器405引导穿过固定件容器297。然后旋入密封塞403使其进入容器297直到隔离环433底部到达容器297的顶面300。弹簧夹423位于轴401的上方，如图7所示，整个插入组件400将会放在闸门阀251的上方，因为弹簧夹423与容器297的面300相接。然后打开闸门阀251。弹簧夹423从轴401处一走，并且将轴压入到固定件200内部，朝着管道的方向压入直到引导轮毂体413上的螺纹与密封塞403上的扩孔439内螺纹啮合在一起。然后转动把手，驱动引导轮毂407进入密封塞 403，在切割操作的起始位置标记号。优选的，切割器405的尺寸可以紧贴穿过支路鞍座管道头113装配，这样可以在管道100的壁内切割出配合孔。穿过支路鞍座管道头13的切割器405放低操作变得更容易，因为轴401能够在引导轮毂407内轻微的移动以及内孔419和轴之间的间距存在。
随着把手409的转动，引导轮毂407被推入密封塞403，轴401都转动并向管道100的方向前移，引起切割器469的齿与管道的壁咬合并且开始切穿管道壁。应当注意引导轮毂407的位置是在轴401上与切割器齿尖端473相对，当引导轮毂407上的螺纹和密封塞403首次啮合时，齿尖端47互相之间在管道上方间隔一小段距离。切割操作继续直到引导轮毂的六角头415上的底面475与密封塞的六角头428的顶面477相连接。底面475和切割齿469的尖端473之间的距离如图7中的区域A所示，该区域选定以便于当面475和477相接时，齿尖端473刚好位于管道100的中点处，从而避免管道的底面半段会出现凹槽，这种情况也会在切割器前进并越过管道的中点时发生。
外壳切割器453的外径应当比支线鞍座管线头113以及管道100的内径略小，这样切割器453会受到管道头113在沿着与管道100的中线90度方向的引导，并且此时的切割器中线与管道100的中线相交。正因为如此，由于切割器齿刚好在管道100的中点，那么将会把管道的壁切割成一个弓形壁部分，通常称为“试样坯”，如图8所示的弓形元件79。由于本发明的切割器453的具体配置，切割器齿469的内部边沿471与试样坯479的外边沿相咬合，这样当完成切割操作后，通过顺时针旋转轴401可将工具抽出，试样坯479与外壳切割器453一起抽出。另外，切割过程中产生的管道刨花会直接穿过狭缝465进入切割器的内部，然后穿过剪切块467，其中剪切块会留在腔室内，腔室壁是切割器453并且腔室的底部由管道试样坯479形成。试样坯和刨花通过将切割器从其轮毂451处移除而清除掉。
前述步骤的结果是，在管道100的壁被穿透的过程中，整个固定件内部的压力，包括孔241以及鼓装配组件253内的环形空间271内的压力都会上升直到充满整个管道100内部。通过使用把手409持续的旋转轴402直到引导轮毂407完全的与密封塞403之间没有罗文联接，那么整个外壳切割器453的抽出也就完成了。这一点上，向上拉动轴401，直到切割器轮毂451的顶端与密封塞403的底部相接。这会引导孔421穿过轴401重新回到密封塞403的上方，允许弹簧夹423重新插入从而将组件完全的固定到闸门阀251的上方。然后关闭闸门阀251，并且打开次级释放阀门291从而将上部孔空间241a内的气体放出，这样能够减少其中的气体压力。一旦完成这一步，就会通过将密封塞403和固定件200的容器299两者螺纹旋开从固定件200中除去插入组件400，然后拿出组件400。
过程的下一步是检查刚刚制作的切口。图10所示探测灯500用于该目的。它包括一个透明的胶质玻璃塞501位于腔室503内，腔室旋入到一个灯密封塞505内。灯密封塞505用于和图6所示的切割器密封塞403类似的功能，并且外部采用类似的配置。也就是，它包括一个管状物507，从六角螺母509处延伸并且具有一个相对薄和光滑的终端部分513，终端部分末端有O型环515。灯密封插塞505具有一个轴向孔517，沿着插塞整个长度方向延伸。孔517的上端部分带有螺纹。
灯腔室503的形状与密封塞505类似。也具有一个六角头519，从该头延伸出一个管状物521，管状物的外侧具有螺纹，与塞505内的螺纹相配合。轴向孔523在腔室503的整个长度方向上延伸。腔室503的上半部分内部，窗口具有轻微变细，透明的胶质玻璃插塞，外部带有螺纹与腔室503的内螺纹相配合。插塞501的外螺纹，腔室503上的内外螺纹以及密封塞505的内螺纹都是管道螺纹。密封塞505上的外螺纹为规则的机加工螺纹。
电连接器525延伸并穿过六角头519的壁内开口527，进入窗501的狭缝529内。电灯泡531固定在电插座533内，嵌入到胶质玻璃窗501内，如果希望，连接器525也会嵌入到窗501内。一对电线535完成从电源(没有示出)到灯泡531的电路。
为了将探测灯500组装在一起，密封条(没有示出)缠绕在灯腔室管状物521的外围管道螺纹上，然后将管状物旋入到灯密封塞505内部尽可能远的位置。胶质玻璃窗501的外管道螺纹优选采用密封剂覆盖，然后将窗旋入灯腔室503内部，这样狭缝529可以与六角头519的开口527共线。
现在转到图4，检查管道切割步骤的结果，通过将密封塞505选入到固定物300的容器297内部来安装探测灯500。当这一步完成后，闸门阀251仍然是闭合的，因为是次级球阀291。随着探测灯500安全的固定，球阀251现在可以转到打开位置，灯泡531被点亮，并且通过窗501可视化的观测管线100。当进行观察后，闸门阀251关闭，次级球阀291打开从而释放来自上端腔室部分241a的压力，并且将灯的螺纹旋开并移走。次级球阀291关闭，为下一步做准备，也就是在管道100内安装停止器。
公开了两个可替换实施例。第一个是如图11－14所示，接下来进行描述，停止器插入组件600包括一个带有把手603的轴601，驱动轮毂605，密封塞607以及停止器组件609。轴601，把手603，密封塞607基本上与附图7的相应部件类似。轴601带有扣环611，其固定在轴上用于当驱动轮毂605旋入到密封塞607内时，沿轴向方向向轴移动。由于密封塞607和附图7的密封塞403时相同的，结构细节如图所示但不会进行描述了。应当充分注意到其具有一个内部狭缝，旋入螺纹用于容纳驱动轮毂605的外螺纹613，并且在一个尺寸减小的 孔内终结，如图7所示的孔437，轴401可以穿过该孔并滑动进入从而紧密配合。弹簧夹615通常在穿过轴601的开口(没有示出)内。
参考附图12，停止器组件609包括一个带口的铁制扣环617，一个坚硬的优选铁制的扣环619以及弹性片621。扣环617是圆柱形的，带有上端轴向开口623和下端轴向开口625。上端开口623带有螺纹并容纳轴601的尺寸减小带有螺纹的一段。半径方向的开口629，631和633与下端轴向开口625相交。
截面为U型的铁制扣环619带有一个有螺纹的入口635，用于接收带口扣环617的外螺纹尺寸减小端637。穿过铁制扣环619的壁延伸出一个流入/流出开口639，也带有螺纹用于容纳模具(没有示出)，模具用于环绕开口639形成弹性片621的椭圆形轮廓。凹槽，大约间隔1/8英寸，在扣环619的内表面形成从而帮助支撑弹性片621。
当弹性片即将形成时，螺钉(没有示出)旋入到开口639内。螺钉具有附着其上的拱形面(没有示出)，用于在弹性片621上掏出拱形面641，该片环绕流入/流出开口639。通过在模具中插入铁制扣环619形成弹性片621，螺栓插入到开口639内。为了与本发明一致，模具的形状设计成当弹性体进入模具和铁制扣环619之间的空间时，形成的头643比侧壁部分645更薄。之所以这样的原因当时用该工具的时候会更明显。弹性片形成后，执行掏出动作，从而当从流入/流出开口639中去除工具(没有示出)后提供光滑的弓形轮廓641。应当注意到穿过流入/流出开口639铁制扣环619的内部形成的腔室645和穿过轴向以及沿半径方向的开口625和631的有一条路径。
接下来，产生旁路的主要步骤在图1中说明，主要步骤是将插入组件600安装在图4所示的固定件200内部。这部分的操作从降低组件600开始，使其穿过入口容器297，直到密封塞607进入并与入口容器297的螺纹啮合。组件600在该点上是完全抽出的位置，弹簧夹615固定在图11所示位置上。翻转密封塞607直到全部固定，这样它和入口容器297之间的密封就有效果了。然后打开闸门阀251，将弹簧夹615从轴601上去除，推动轴使其穿过密封阀607直到驱动轮毂605进入密封阀607。
应该注意到，从附图11开始把手603面对的方向和停止器组件609的流入/流出开口方向相同。这也能够使使用者将开口639放在一个适当的方向上，通过适当的转动把手603进而转动639的方式完成。由于期望将管道100塞住从而建立支路鞍座109之间的隔离，其中在鞍座内会产生旁路，并且管道中的破裂101以及把手603应当打开从而使流入/流出开口639面向远离破裂101的方向而朝向气源。轴601和停止器组件609采用这种方位，驱动轮毂605旋入密封塞607内，时间轴向向下的力给轴601，驱动轴进入固定件200和管道100内。
随着轴601不断被推动进入固定件200，停止器组件609的尖端按压到管道100的底端，弹性片621以及特别是它的半球形头643发生变形。由于弹性片头643逐渐增加的厚度，因此具有足够的弹性使得铁制扣环619引起弹性片外侧和管道100的内表面相一致。最初和接下来的弹性片轻微变形如图13所示，分别用实线B和虚线C表示，并且停止器组件609在管道100内的最终位置如图14所示。图中可以看到，停止器组件609和管道100壁之间微笑缝隙或者距离已经被轻微变形的停止器组件的片621填满。结果，之前流入管道100并穿过固定件200并穿过管道部分103和105朝向破裂101流动的气体现在都被阻挡在管道部分103和105，这两处为旁路，穿过停止器组件609的流体路径并进入固定件200的口241内。(回忆一下这里所描述的操作直到该点所执行的操作都是在两个固定件200上执行的，包括停止器组件609在其中的安装)。主球阀293目前是打开的，所以完成环绕管线段10和105的旁路，穿过其中的导管107在主球阀293之间延伸。破裂101的修复现在开始执行。
如图15－17所示为可替换的停止器插入组件700。由于仅仅是停止器组件不同，所以只表示出了这一部分。可替换停止器插入组件700的停止器组件701特征在于部分圆柱体部分702，在部分球形头部分703内部终结，在部分702和703的表面之间有一个光滑的过渡，模具线705除外。两部分702和703的直径都应当壁管道100的内经略小。为了保证停止器组件701能够阻拦来自支路鞍座并穿过其中的气流，它的部分圆柱体部分702的外密封表面由环绕主体轴线大于180度的一条线确定。为了附加的强度和刚度，停止器组件安装在一个坚硬的，优选为铁制的，勺状扣环707上，覆盖的弹性片709具有加厚头区域711。铁制扣环707具有内部带有螺纹的扣环713，在主体和头部702以及703的轴线715中心处。旋入到扣环713内的是轴601上尺寸减小，末端带有螺纹的627。轴601和插入组件的所有剩余部分，包括把手603，驱动轮毂605，销钉615以及密封塞607和附图11所示的插入组件600都是相同的。应当注意到插入组件700的把手603应当面向相对于开口段717预定的一个方向上，这样开口段717可以在要停止的气流方向上翻转。可替换的停止器插入组件700采用与插入组件600相同的方式操作。
可替换停止器组件701采用和停止器组件609类似的方式操作。向轴601移动的方式驱动到位，并且头703上的加厚弹性区域711被压缩从而使得停止器组件能够通过与其内部轮廓一致的方式填充满管道100。
回到停止器组件607插入的操作顺序或者可替换的停止器组件701的操作顺序为其中的一部分，修复泄漏101后，接下来将插入组件从固定件200中移除。该步骤将特别参考附图11－14的插入组件600进行说明。该组件首先由将引导轮毂从密封塞607上旋开而收缩，并 且拉起把手603直到停止器组件609充分收缩，这样弹簧片615可以重新插入到轴601内。然后关闭闸门阀251，次级球阀291打开释放压力，并且整个停止器插入组件通过从容器297中旋出密封塞607的方式移除，然后抬起整个组件600使其脱离固定件200。
过程的最后一步是密封支路鞍座管线头113，通过旁路路径建立。这就是如图18－22所示的完整插塞插入组件800的作用。基本部件包括管路801，轴803穿过管路传输，受载弹簧托座805延伸部分进入管路的底端以及一个完整插塞807，可动连接在与托架相对的管路801的末端。另外形成完整插塞插入组件800的基本部件为密封插塞808，可滑动的安装在轴801上。
一般来说，按照下面所述的方式，密封插塞808通过放低完整插塞插入组件800的方式插入到固定件200内部，推动完整插塞807直到它被锁定支路鞍座109上，从插入组建800的剩余部分释放完整插塞807，并且从固定件200中抽出组件。
铁制管路801具有一个统一的外径，具有相对大的终端部分809的级形孔以及一个从孔部分809延伸出来全程到达管路上端的尺寸减小孔部分811。通过孔部分809和811之间的过渡形成肩部813，形成用于螺旋弹簧815的停止位，在肩部813和螺母817之间被压缩，螺钉紧固在尺寸减小的带螺纹的杆803一端819。托架805具有一个但有内螺纹孔821的端壁，其中螺纹端819会进入该内螺纹孔。前述元件组装的顺序是托架805和螺母817紧固在带螺纹的端819上，然后螺母817紧固托架805的一段从而将其固定。然后弹簧815滑过轴803的顶端，并且轴被插入管路801，穿过底端，直到托架805进入管路801的底端，然后轴803的顶端从相对侧，也就是管路801的顶端伸出。盖帽801具有一个六角形头823以及一个外螺纹延伸825，适于和匹配的内螺纹827在管路801的顶端部分被容纳。内孔829穿过端帽821，并且正是穿过该孔才使得轴803的上端在其被拖动穿过管路801后露出来。轴803由把手831固定，把手831穿过在轴803末端的孔833延伸并且被艾伦头螺钉835固定。
在其底端切入到管路内的是凸轮凹槽837，包括一个轴向，入口凹槽部分839以及环绕延伸部分841。凸轮凹槽837用于将完整插塞807保持在管路801的末端，以下将进行解释。
完整插塞807由弹性盘843组成，弹性板在上端铁制板845和下端铁制板847之间成三明治结构。盘843和板845及847截面形状都是圆形的。底面847是平的。顶板845具有垂直方向上延伸的圆柱形轮毂849，其中半径方向上延伸凸轮钉851。带有螺纹的螺钉853延伸穿过板845和847内以及盘843内的轴线开口。螺纹穿过螺钉853一端的是螺母855，其尺寸实际称为能够与后面要驱动的托架805相适应。
完整插塞807的前述元件都装配完成后，螺钉853的一段锤入857从而放置在插入组件 800操作过程中螺母855的有害的旋松和后续的损失。
通过将插塞807的一端插入到托架805内部，尤其是利用螺母855，从而将完整插塞807插入到管道801的一段直到轮毂849的顶端与托架805的边缘相接。然后向管路801的方向按压插塞807，从而使得托架805被压入到关路中，压缩弹簧815。凸轮钉851的位置在轮毂849上，这样钉将会进入凸轮凹槽837，并且更特别地，当压缩板845的上表面与管道801的前边沿859相接的时候，会进入它的外围部分841。这表示活塞807全部插入到管路801内，并且当达到这个位置的时候，活塞807会转向，直到凸轮钉851落入并固定在外围凹槽841的一个或者另一个凹陷端位置。当压力从插塞中释放时，压缩弹簧815会安全的把住它防止凸轮凹槽837的末端进一步的转动。应当注意，当插塞807按照所述的方式安装的时候，螺母855至多可以采用螺栓853上的手紧方式，这样压缩板845和847仅仅承受很小的弹性盘843的力。这可以使得在安装过程中安装到支路鞍座109的内部，如所述的。
密封插塞808的外部配置基本上与组件600上的相应密封插塞类似，因为它执行密封功能的时候采用的是基本上相同的方式。朝向该末端，包括一个六角形头859和一个具有螺纹863的圆柱体861，圆柱体距离头859最近并且在相对的一端有一个O形环。轴向孔867是统一的截面形状，穿过密封插塞808延伸，尺寸设计用于紧配合的方式容纳管路801。所示定位凹槽869刚好在密封插塞808上方。
为了执行密封操作，完整插塞插入组件800如图18和19所示的方式组装，但是是全部抽出的位置，其中凸轮钉851与密封插塞808的底端相连接，组件800插入到固定件200内部，插入方式和前述操作的类似。尤其的，组件800的密封塞808旋入到容器297内部并且紧固固定。闸门阀251此后打开，并且推动管路801使其穿过密封插塞808直到定位凹槽869与插塞808的顶面873在一条直线上，如图19所示。定位凹槽869之所以这样放置原因在于当其与面873在一条直线上时，完整插塞807将会放在支路鞍座管路头113中的一个适当位置。
随着完整插塞插入组件800固定在所述位置，把手831可以转动从而引起轴803的转动，随着其转动的还有弹簧加载托架805，该托架位于轴802的一端。反过来，托架805与完整插塞807的螺母855啮合在一起，开始香螺栓853上的螺母移动，引起对顶端压缩板845的驱动使其香底端压缩板847移动。结果，位于板845和847之间的弹性盘843，沿着轴向逐渐被压缩，因此在半径方向上扩张。这个过程不断持续直到轴进一步转动的阻力足够大，也就表明插塞843已经被在轴向上充分压缩，这一点上完整插塞807可以从插入组件800的其余部件上分离开，简单的按下管路801并且转动它直到凸轮凹槽837的轴向部分839与凸轮 钉851在一条直线上，该点上钉自由存在与穿过凹槽837的轴向部分839的管路段内。随着将完整插塞807定位，并且从插入组件800的剩余部分分离开，组件800的剩余部分也可以从固定件200中抽出。为了实现这一动作，向上按压管路801直到托架805位于闸门阀251的上方，阀门现在是关闭的，此后次级球阀291打开释放压力(如果存在的话)，并且通过将密封插塞808从容器297的位置旋松来移除组件800。
可替换的完整插塞插入组件900如图23和24所示(在附图10附近显示)。所有的部件与插入组件800的是一致的，除了完整插塞的结构，在附图23和24中设计作为物体901出现。附图8－22中的完整插塞以及附图23和24中的完整插塞本质上的不同在于后者的特征是具有一个弹性盘，其位于金属插塞的突出部分上并且受到支路鞍座内带有斜面的边缘的积压，而不是受到支路鞍座的壁的压缩和拉伸。特别地，完整插塞901包括一个通常为圆柱形的金属扣环903，903具有一个带螺纹的主体905，其中伸出一个六角形轮毂907。从轮毂907中伸出凸轮针909，用于和附图22的凸轮针851同样的功能。带有螺纹扣环主体905有一个突出部分尺寸逐渐减小的部分911，上面安装弹性帽913，913具有一个带有倾斜面的外边缘915。为了容纳完整插塞901并与901配合工作，在支路鞍座管路头916内提供尺寸减少部分917来修改其结构，916带有螺纹与扣环主体905上的螺纹配合。同样的，带些面的基座面919在经过修改的支路鞍座923的鞍座部分921内部也存在，如图23和24所示。
附图23和24所示的可替换完整插塞可以插入到插入组件800的剩余可转换部分，插入方式与附图22的完整插塞807相同，都是采用凸轮凹槽837内存在的凸轮钉909。可替换的完整插塞901被放低并向支路鞍座923的方向定位，参考插入组件800和前述的方式完全相同。当把手831转动时，轴803与其一起转动，与插塞901的六角形轮毂907啮合的弹簧负载托架805转动金属扣环905，引起插塞901旋入到支路鞍座923的带螺纹部分917内。把手831转动直到弹性盘913压入到金属扣环905和支路鞍座923的带斜面基座面919之间，这个点上跨越支路鞍座的管路头916上密封都会起作用，管路801的啮合接触并且组件800会采用参考附图18－22所述的方式抽出。
不管使用那个版本的完整插塞，都希望确保能够实施很好的密封。结果，当抽出插入组件800后，再次安装探测灯500，并且对密封插塞进行可视化探测。作为进一步的预防措施，在将探测灯移除后，主阀门293和次级阀门291都要关闭，并且在观测压力计285后打开闸门阀251几分钟。在孔241内部压力建立的产生可以作为支路鞍座109已经完全密封的指示。然后可以移除固定件200，并且最后一步，通过传统的方式会将聚乙烯端帽(没有示出)紧固或者熔融在支路鞍座管道头113上作为后备密封件。
这里已经详细描述了一种方法，其中穿过管道的气流可以临时从泄漏处切断直到泄漏修复。该方法和执行该方法的新型装置已经在如下管线的背景下进行了描述，其中气体通过该管线仅仅由泄漏一侧的压力导致其流入，并且期望能对泄漏两侧的用户都可以提供持续的服务，环绕管线内的泄漏安装旁路是必要的。这些情况下，不仅仅堵塞泄漏上游和下游的管道是必要地，而且也需要提供从管道的上游端到旁路管道的路径以及从旁路管道到管道下游部分的回路也是必要地。很明显，上述环境如果不是主要的，那么可以使用更简单的可替换实施例。例如，如果服务仅需要针对泄漏一侧的客户，那么仅需要使用一台固定设备。另外，这种情况下没有必要使用旁路。暗中情况下，足够简单使用本发明的方法打开管道壁上的一个孔，并且通过这个孔插入一个停止器，不为旁路路径提供开口。因为两个公开的停止器组件都可以使用那种方式，简单的操作将他们没有缝隙的壁部分朝向管路的上游端，一个简单的权宜之计，也全部落在本发明的保护范围内，这样经过配置的停止器组件基本上是固体元件。该固体停止器组件可能，例如，和附图11－14的停止器组件609的形状相同，但是没有开口639，629，631和625。
为了提供本发明的具体实例，几个元件确定了特定的制作材料。因此，铁已经作为部件的材料，提供所需要的轻度。应当理解其他材料，通常为金属也可以替代铁来使用，只要他们拥有所需要的强度。类似的，铝已经被引用作为固定件200的主体部分制造的材料。之所以引用铝是因为铝很容易加工并且具有所需要的强度，能够经得起固定件内部散布的压力。另外，也应当理解，机加工容易并不考虑的情况下也可以使用其他材料，并且实际上如果足够强度的塑料可以找到，也能替代铝使用。
应当理解，其中固定件200所示与管道粘结在一起，管道上固定有支路鞍座，这样它的管道头中线是垂直的，固定件同样可以和支路鞍座使用，因为支路鞍座安装在关路上，其管线头中线是成一定角度而不是垂直的。因此，由于固定件200是水平眼神的支路鞍座管路头，所以也可以固定在固定件中线垂直的管道100上。结果，其中所作的参考在说明书和权利要求中使用“上端”和“下端”，应当理解使用这些术语用于指定固定件上分别是距离管道100相对最近和相对最远的元件，并不是用来指定那些在垂直方向上较高或者较低的元件。
虽然本发明已经参考特定的说明性实施例进行了描述，但是不会受到这些实施例的限定而仅仅受到附加权利要求的限定。本领域技术人员应当理解可以在不偏离本发明的保护范围和精神的情况下对本发明的实施例能够进行改动和修改。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种无人船载管线维修设备，其特征在于包括：
    两个固定件(200)，每一个所述固定件(200)在相应的管线部分(103，105)提供插入其中的塞子，固定件(200)固定到管道(100)上；
    旁路导管(107)连接到两个固定件(200)上；
    一系列插入工具，通过每个固定件(200)用于各自相关的管道部分(103，105)，按照插入组件使用的顺序，包括切割工具插入组件(400)，停止器插入组件(600)或者可替换的停止器插入组件(700)，以及完整插塞插入组件(800)或者可替换的完整插塞插入组件(900)；
    探测灯(500)，在连续的两个插入组件执行操作之间被安装在每个固定件(200)的顶端，从而使得操作者能够看到插入组件执行操作的结果。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种无人船载管线维修设备，其特征在于：使用固定件机器操作插入组件和配件(300，400，500，600，700，800，900)的第一步是在围绕破裂的管道(100)内接头制作的地方安装一个支路鞍座(109)，所述支路鞍座(109)是传统被动型，具有一个部分圆柱形鞍座部分(111)和管道头(113)，其中心线与鞍座部分(111)的轴线垂直，支路鞍座(109)通过电烙铁执行焊接操作的方式沿着鞍座部分的轮廓直到鞍座部分(111)和管道(100)的截面熔融焊接在一起以安装到管道(100)上。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种无人船载管线维修设备，其特征在于：固定件(200)安装在所述支路鞍座(109)内，其自身嵌入发热元件，通过将来自电源的电流施加到支路鞍座内嵌的加热元件将安作部分焊接到管道上。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种无人船载管线维修设备，其特征在于：固定件(200)包括由压缩部分(217，219，221，223)组成的管状物，压缩部分(217，219，221)分别都有一个内螺纹上缘(225，227，229)，并且部分(219，221，223)具有外螺纹，以及末端尺寸渐减的(231，233，233)，将这些部件旋入到相应的螺纹缘(225，227，229)从而形成一个完整高强度的管状物(237)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种无人船载管线维修设备，其特征在于：在所述管状物(237)的两个连接部分之间提供O型环(239)，将两者之间压力密封从而使得管状物(237)保持管线内相遇的气体在一定压力之下。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种无人船载管线维修设备，其特征在于：所述压力为100psi。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的一种无人船载管线维修设备，其特征在于：轴向延伸穿过所述管状物(237)的为孔洞(241)，由部分(217，219，221，223)的壁组成，孔洞部分(217)形成的孔洞(241)的区域具有一个放大的入口区(242)，能够容纳支路鞍座管道头(113)，放大的孔洞部分(241)内放置一对O型环(243，245)，并且放在两个互相平行的凹槽(247，249)内，孔洞部分(217)可以与内部不同种类气体的管状物部分互换，从而容纳支路鞍座的管道头(113)。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的一种无人船载管线维修设备，其特征在于：闸门阀(251)穿过管状物部分(221)形成的孔洞(241)将孔洞(241)分成上部腔室和下部腔室，即隔压区域(241a，241b)，管状物部分(221)形成鼓装配件(253)的轮毂，由上端板(255)和下端板(257)组成。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种无人船载管线维修设备，其特征在于：所述下端板(257)为板状，沿半径方向延伸的底端(259)，外侧圆周壁(261)，以及一个内侧环形壁(263)，所述上端板(255)具有板状顶端(263)，外侧圆周壁(265)和内侧环形壁(267)，一套带螺纹的螺栓(269)将上端板(255)和下端板(257)固定在一起，在外侧圆周壁(261，265)之间安装第二O型环(278)，保证闸门阀(251)打开时鼓装配组件(253)内的气体压力保持在一定值以下。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种无人船载管线维修设备，其特征在于：还包括锚柄(250)，从闸门阀(251)的环形体(252)延伸出来，用于旋转阀门。
PCT/CN2016/095107 2016-06-26 2016-09-01 无人船载管线维修设备 WO2018000541A1 (zh)

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