WO2017220011A1 - 基于正交频分多址上行接入方法 - Google Patents

基于正交频分多址上行接入方法 Download PDF

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WO2017220011A1
WO2017220011A1 PCT/CN2017/089707 CN2017089707W WO2017220011A1 WO 2017220011 A1 WO2017220011 A1 WO 2017220011A1 CN 2017089707 W CN2017089707 W CN 2017089707W WO 2017220011 A1 WO2017220011 A1 WO 2017220011A1
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frame
access
uplink
subchannels
available
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PCT/CN2017/089707
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李建东
李红艳
张顺
郑婷
侯蓉晖
谢志聪
黄鹏宇
马英红
盛敏
张琰
刘勤
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西安电子科技大学
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Priority to US16/312,935 priority Critical patent/US10869313B2/en
Publication of WO2017220011A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017220011A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0453—Resources in frequency domain, e.g. a carrier in FDMA
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0005—Time-frequency
    • H04L5/0007—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0037—Inter-user or inter-terminal allocation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0053—Allocation of signaling, i.e. of overhead other than pilot signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H04W72/23—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/04—Scheduled access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of wireless communication technologies, and particularly relates to a multiple access method, which can be used for parallel access of multiple STAs in a densely deployed WLAN environment to improve overall system performance.
  • Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access has been widely used in long-term evolution LTE and microwave access global interworking WiMax, and will be introduced into the next generation wireless local area network WLAN. Based on the OFDMA mechanism, the entire physical channel is divided into a plurality of subchannels, each of which is composed of one or more orthogonal subcarriers.
  • OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • the next-generation WLAN multiple users can simultaneously send control frames to access point APs on different subchannels to request transmission opportunities, and can simultaneously transmit data packets on multiple subchannels, thereby increasing the multiple access MAC layer. s efficiency.
  • the application environment of WLAN and the initial design of the protocol are quite different, mainly in a high-density deployment environment, including high-density deployment of terminals in a cell, and high-density deployment of access points belonging to different operators and individual users.
  • a high-density deployment environment the characteristics of no central control and the random multiple access protocol based on carrier sense collision avoidance CSMA/CA lead to more serious conflicts and backoffs; the configuration of multiple parameters in the protocol lacks adaptability, resulting in WLAN
  • the resource allocation is mismatched with dynamically changing business needs.
  • the improvement of the average throughput of the network is not proportional to the increase of the link rate, and the gap between the theoretical throughput of the network and the actual bearer throughput is large.
  • the existing OFMDA-based multiple access protocol MAC mainly focuses on improving the throughput of the entire network by improving multi-user parallel access and parallel transmission capabilities.
  • the current Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access uplink access technology includes Two major categories:
  • AP control uplink access mode The AP sends all the users associated with the request frame polling, and asks each STA whether there is uplink data transmission. The STA responds with the uplink data transmission through the response frame, and if so, reports the uplink data information. After obtaining the uplink data information, the AP sends a Trigger frame to perform uplink orthogonal frequency division multiple access (UL-OFDMA) synchronization.
  • UL-OFDMA uplink orthogonal frequency division multiple access
  • STA random uplink access mode STAs with uplink data transmission access the channel by means of contention retreat, and send a request to send a frame, each time only one STA is successfully accessed, and the AP responds after receiving the request to send a frame and The other station STAs that have uplink traffic transmission are informed to perform channel access until all available channels are allocated.
  • the above scheme can be used to reduce the competition backoff time, thereby improving the system throughput.
  • both of the above access methods require a large amount. The access time makes the system throughput significantly lower.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access uplink access method to reduce the average access time of users, thereby reducing the transmission delay of data packets and improving the entire network. Throughput.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an uplink access method based on an orthogonal frequency division multiple access mechanism, including: determining a current time slot for transmitting the available subchannel and the current time slot required for the current access. Sending an uplink access initiation frame on the available subchannel; performing random selection in the available subchannel and the slot block; transmitting to the access point using the randomly selected available subchannel and slot block The uplink access response frame is randomly accessed.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides an uplink access method based on an orthogonal frequency division multiple access mechanism, including:
  • the access point AP transmits an uplink access initiation frame T on all n available subchannels C 1 , C 2 ... C i ... C n , where the frame contains the total number of time slot blocks m, where i ⁇ ( 1, n), m is a parameter that is dynamically adjusted according to the probability of successful access of the last transmission;
  • the access point AP collects the number N of stations that have not received data in the uplink access response frame that is successfully received. If N>n, step (3b) is performed; otherwise, step (3a) is performed;
  • the access point AP randomly selects N subchannels from n subchannels, sorts the N subchannels in order of sequence number from small to large, and receives N stations STAs that have not transmitted data in the response frame according to the MAC address from small to large Sorting the two sequences according to the sorting; placing the pairing result in the uplink resource allocation frame, and transmitting the uplink resource allocation frame on the selected N available subchannels after the short interframe interval slot , wherein the MAC address uniquely identifies the station STA;
  • (3b) Sorting n subchannels in order of sequence number from small to large, sorting the N stations STAs that receive the response frame according to the MAC address from small to large, and sequentially configuring n subchannels to the first n sites of the MAC address. STA, and puts the pairing result into the uplink resource allocation frame, and after the short inter-frame time slot, sends the uplink resource allocation frame on the selected n available subchannels, and records k not transmitted at the time. Nn users' MAC addresses are used for the second data transmission;
  • the station STA After receiving the uplink resource allocation frame, the station STA checks whether the frame includes the subchannel allocated for the station, and if so, sends the uplink data frame on the allocated subchannel after the short interframe interval slot;
  • the STA After the STA receives the response frame BA, it checks whether the user is included in the response frame. MAC address, if any, the uplink data transmission is successful, otherwise the transmission fails.
  • the foregoing embodiment of the present invention introduces a time-frequency resource block random access mechanism, which can ensure that multiple users can successfully access in one transmission by fully utilizing time and sub-channel resources, thereby reducing average user access.
  • the time of the channel which in turn reduces the transmission delay of the data packets and increases the throughput of the entire network.
  • the foregoing embodiment of the present invention dynamically adjusts the total number of time slot blocks m according to the successful access probability in the last access process, thereby reducing the waste of time and subchannel resources, thereby improving the entire network. Throughput.
  • FIG. 1 is a usage scene diagram of an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing an implementation of an embodiment of the method of the present invention.
  • a scenario used by an embodiment of the present invention includes a wireless access point AP, and 10 wireless terminals have uplink data transmission within the coverage of the wireless access point AP, and the wireless terminals are respectively marked as STA1.
  • STA2 ... STA10 the access point AP detected has four available sub-channels C 1, C 2, C 3 , C 4, wherein the position of each end user are non-uniformly distributed.
  • Step 1 The access point AP determines the number of available subchannels and total time slot blocks for the current transmission according to the system information.
  • the system information includes the probability of the last transmission success and the idle subchannel detected by the access point AP.
  • there are four available subchannels that is, the first available subchannel C 1 and the second available subchannel C 2 .
  • the third available sub-channel C 3 and the fourth available sub-channel C 4 and according to the probability of the last transmission success, the four time slot blocks required for the current access are obtained, and the access point AP detects the idle four.
  • the uplink access initiation frame T is transmitted on the available subchannel, and the frame includes the parameter total slot block number 4, and the 4 time slot blocks are respectively represented as the first slot block S 1 and the second slot block S 2 , Three-slot block S 3 and fourth time slot block S 4 .
  • the subchannels refer to frequency domain resources with the same bandwidth, and the carriers used for each two adjacent subchannels are orthogonal to each other.
  • the time slot block refers to the transmission time length of the uplink access response frame R, and the time domain resources used for random access are sequentially divided into S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , and S 4 .
  • the uplink access start frame T is a broadcast transmission radio transmission frame, which is a type of control frame, and is used to notify the station STA to perform random access.
  • the access point AP may send a radio transmission frame on all detected idle subchannels to inform the station STA to access the selectable subchannel, and the uplink access response frame R includes channel accessibility.
  • a time slot block is used to inform the station STA of access to selectable time slot blocks.
  • Step 2 The STA randomly selects a time-frequency resource block and sends an uplink access response frame for random access.
  • the 10 STAs 1 to 8 When the STAs 1 to 8 receive the uplink access start frame T and the uplink data to be transmitted, after waiting for the short inter-frame interval SIFS time slot, the 10 STAs form an uplink access response frame and are available in 4 respectively.
  • the i-th sub-channel C i is randomly selected in the channel
  • the j-th time slot block S j is randomly selected in the four slot blocks to form a time-frequency resource block [C i , S j ], where i ⁇ (1, 4) , j ⁇ (1,4);
  • the time-frequency resource blocks selected by stations STA1 to STA10 are [C 1 , S 3 ], [C 2 , S 1 ], [C 1 , S 3 ], [C 2 , S, respectively. 4 ], [C 3 , S 1 ], [C 4 , S 3 ], [C 1 , S 1 ], [C 2 , S 3 ], [C 4 , S 2 ], [C 3 , S 2
  • the stations STA1 to STA10 transmit an uplink access response frame R to the access point AP on the selected time-frequency resource block [C i , S j ].
  • the short inter-frame interval SIFS time slot is the time required for the station STA to change from the receiving state to the transmitting state, that is, the time required from receiving the uplink access starting frame T to transmitting the uplink access response frame R.
  • the time-frequency resource block [C i , S j ] is a minimum unit of a time domain and a frequency domain two-dimensional for access by a time slot block and a subchannel.
  • the uplink access response frame R is a unicast-transmitted wireless transmission frame, which is a control frame.
  • the acknowledgment for the uplink access initiation frame T is sent in the selected time-frequency resource block, and the frame includes a MAC address that can uniquely identify the STA of the station.
  • Step 3 The access point AP counts the number of successfully accessed sites N, allocates resources, and records k sites that are not allocated resources.
  • the access point AP receives the time in the four time slot blocks, and the number of uplink access response frames that are successfully received is 8, which are STA2, STA4, STA5, STA6, STA7, STA8, STA9, and STA10;
  • the uplink resource allocation frame Trigger is a broadcast transmission radio transmission frame, which is a type of control frame, and the frame includes a channel allocation result for the station STA that is successfully accessed.
  • Step 4 The station STA sends a data frame according to the received resource allocation information.
  • the four stations STA4, STA2, STA10, and STA7 perform corresponding processing actions, and wait for the short inter-frame interval SIFS time slot to send uplink data frames on the corresponding sub-channels, and other stations that are not assigned sub-channels continue to wait.
  • Resource allocation frame
  • the data packet is a unicast transmitted wireless transmission frame, which is a valid data unit of the transmission.
  • Step 5 The AP generates a response frame according to the receiving state of the data packet, and determines whether to perform the second resource allocation according to the recorded k value.
  • the access point AP After receiving the data packet sent by the STA, the access point AP generates a MAC address response frame BA containing the STA of the correct station receiving the data;
  • the access point AP checks the recorded k value. If k>0, it returns to step 3. In this example, k equals 4 to record the second resource allocation for the four station STAs. Otherwise, step 5.3);
  • the access point AP performs a corresponding processing action and transmits the response frame BA on the four subchannels after waiting for the short inter-frame interval SIFS time slot.
  • the response frame is a unicast-transmitted radio transmission frame, which is a type of control frame, and the frame includes a MAC address of a station STA that the AP receives the correct data packet.
  • Step 6 The station STA judges the result of the current transmission according to the response frame.
  • the STA performing the data transmission checks whether the response frame contains the MAC address of the user. If yes, the uplink data transmission is correct; otherwise, the transmission fails, and returns to step 1 to enter the next access.

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  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明的实施例提供一种基于正交频分多址接入机制的上行接入方法，包括：确定本次传输可用子信道及本次接入所需要的时隙块的个数；在所述可用子信道上发送上行接入启动帧；在所述可用子信道和所述时隙块中进行随机选择；利用随机选择的可用子信道和时隙块向接入点发送上行接入应答帧，进行随机接入。本发明的实施例能够减小用户平均接入信道的时间，进而减少数据分组的传输时延，减少时间与子信道资源的浪费，并提高整个网络的吞吐量。

Description

基于正交频分多址上行接入方法 技术领域
本发明属于无线通信技术领域，具体涉及一种多址接入方法，可用于密集部署的WLAN环境下多个站点STA进行并行接入，提升系统整体性能。
背景技术
正交频分多址接入OFDMA已经在长期演进LTE和微波存取全球互通WiMax中得到了广泛的应用，并且将被引入到下一代无线局域网WLAN中。基于OFDMA机制，整个物理信道被划分为多个子信道，每个子信道由一个或多个正交的子载波构成。在下一代WLAN中，多个用户可以在不同子信道上同时向接入点AP发送控制帧来请求传输机会，并可以同时在多个子信道上传输数据分组，从而增加了多址接入MAC层的效率。
目前WLAN的应用环境与协议设计初期差异较大，主要表现在高密度的部署环境，包括小区内终端的高密度部署、归属于不同运营商及个人用户的接入点的高密度部署。在高密度部署环境中，无中心管控的特征及基于载波侦听冲突避免CSMA/CA的随机多址协议导致了较为严重的冲突与退避；协议中多种参数的配置缺乏自适应性，导致WLAN的资源配置与动态变化的业务需求失配。网络平均吞吐量的提升与链路速率的提升不成正比，网络的理论吞吐量与实际承载吞吐量之间差距较大。
现有的基于OFMDA机制的多址接入协议MAC主要关注通过提高多用户并行接入和并行传输能力来提高整个网络的吞吐量。为保障多用户可同时进行上行数据传输，目前的正交频分多址上行接入技术包括 两大类：
1.AP管控上行接入方式：AP发送请求帧轮询所关联的所有用户，询问各STA是否有上行数据传输，STA通过应答帧应答是否有上行数据发送，若有，同时上报上行数据信息，AP获得上行数据信息后，发送启动发送Trigger帧进行上行正交频分多址接入UL-OFDMA的同步。
2.STA随机上行接入方式：有上行数据传输的STA通过竞争退避的方式接入信道，并发送请求发送帧，每次只保障一个STA接入成功，AP接收到请求发送帧后给予应答并告知有上行业务传输的其他站点STA进行信道接入，直至分配完所有可用信道。
对于用户数较少的情况，网络覆盖不是非常密集的情况下，可以采用上述方案减少竞争退避时间，从而提高系统吞吐量；然而对于密集部署的WLAN环境下，上述两种接入方式均需大量的接入时间，使得系统吞吐量明显降低。
发明内容
本发明目的在于针对上述现有技术的不足，提出一种基于正交频分多址上行接入方法，以减小用户平均接入信道的时间，从而减少数据分组的传输时延并提高整个网络的吞吐量。
为实现上述目的，本发明的实施例提供一种基于正交频分多址接入机制的上行接入方法，包括：确定本次传输可用子信道及本次接入所需要的时隙块的个数；在所述可用子信道上发送上行接入启动帧；在所述可用子信道和所述时隙块中进行随机选择；利用随机选择的可用子信道和时隙块向接入点发送上行接入应答帧，进行随机接入。
本发明的实施例还提供一种基于正交频分多址接入机制的上行接入方法，包括：
(1)接入点AP在所有n个可用子信道C1、C2…Ci…Cn上发送上行接入启动帧T，该帧中包含总时隙块个数m，其中i∈(1,n)，m为一个根据上次传输成功接入概率进行动态调整的参数；
(2)多个站点STA收到上行接入启动帧T且有待传输的上行数据时，等待短帧间间隔时间长度加j-1个上行接入应答帧R时间长度后，在Ci子信道向接入点AP发送上行接入应答帧R，其中，i从[1,n]中随机选择，j从[1,m]中随机选择；
(3)接入点AP统计成功接收的上行接入应答帧中未发送数据的站点个数N，若N＞n,则执行步骤(3b)；否则，执行步骤(3a)；
(3a)接入点AP从n个子信道中随机选择N个子信道，将N个子信道按序号从小到大的顺序排序，将接收到应答帧中未发送数据的N个站点STA按MAC地址从小到大排序，再将这两个序列依据排序配对；将配对结果放入上行资源分配帧中，在短帧间间隔时隙后，将该上行资源分配帧在选定的N个可用子信道上发送，其中MAC地址可唯一标识站点STA；
(3b)将n个子信道按序号从小到大的顺序排序，将接收到应答帧的所属N个站点STA按MAC地址从小到大排序，依次将n个子信道配置给MAC地址在前的n个站点STA，并将配对结果放入上行资源分配帧中，在短帧间间隔时隙后，在选定的n个可用子信道上发送上行资源分配帧，并记录没有在该次进行传输的k＝N-n个用户的MAC地址，用来进行第二次数据传输；
(4)站点STA接收到上行资源分配帧后，查看该帧中是否包含为本站点分配的子信道，若有，在短帧间间隔时隙后，在分配子信道上发送上行数据帧；
(5)接入点AP接收上行数据帧后，记录上行数据帧的接收状态，并查看记录的k值，若k＞0,则,N＝min{k,n},令k＝0，并返回步骤3，为尚未发送数据的N个站点STA进行第二次资源分配，否则，接入点AP根据所记录的数据分组的接收状态生成应答帧BA，等待短帧间间隔时隙后，在对应子信道上发送应答帧BA，该帧中包含所有接收正确上行数据帧的站点STA的MAC地址；
(6)站点STA接收到应答帧BA后，查看应答帧中是否包含本用户 的MAC地址，若有，则本次上行数据传输成功，否则传输失败。
与现有技术相比本发明的上述实施例具有以下优点：
第一，本发明的上述实施例引入时频资源块随机接入机制，由于充分利用时间与子信道资源可保障多个用户在一次传输中均能成功接入，从而减小了用户平均接入信道的时间，进而减少了数据分组的传输时延并提高了整个网络的吞吐量。
第二，本发明的上述实施例由于可根据上次接入过程中成功接入概率动态调整总的时隙块个数m，从而减少了时间与子信道资源的浪费，进而提高了整个网络的吞吐量。
附图说明
图1是本发明的实施例的使用场景图；
图2是本发明的方法实施例的实现流程图。
具体实施方式
以下参照附图，对本发明的实施例进行详细描述：
参照图1，本发明的实施例使用的场景包含一个无线接入点AP,且在无线接入点AP覆盖范围内有10个无线终端均有上行数据发送，将这些无线终端分别标记为STA1、STA2…STA10，无线接入点AP检测到有4个可用子信道C1、C2、C3、C4，其中每个终端用户的位置都是非均匀分布的。
参照图2，基于正交频分多址接入的步骤如下：
步骤1：接入点AP根据系统信息确定本次传输可用子信道及总时隙块的个数。
系统信息包括上次传输成功的概率及接入点AP检测到的空闲子信道，根据图1的场景可知可用子信道有四个，即第一可用子信道C1、第二可用子信道C2、第三可用子信道C3和第四可用子信道C4，并根据上次传输成功的概率得出本次接入需要的4个时隙块，接入点AP在检测到 空闲的4个可用子信道上发送上行接入启动帧T，该帧中包括参数总时隙块个数4，4个时隙块分别表示为第一时隙块S1、第二时隙块S2、第三时隙块S3和第四时隙块S4。
所述子信道，是指带宽相同的频域资源，且每两个相邻子信道所采用的载波是相互正交的。
所述时隙块，是指以上行接入应答帧R的传输时间长度为单位，将用于随机接入的时域资源依次划分为S1、S2、S3、S4。
所述上行接入启动帧T，为广播发送的无线传输帧，是控制帧的一种，用于告知站点STA进行随机接入。
所述接入点AP，可在所有检测到的空闲子信道上发送无线传输帧，用于告知站点STA接入可选择的子信道，在上行接入应答帧R中包含可进行信道接入的时隙块，用于告知站点STA接入可选择的时隙块。
步骤2：站点STA随机选择时频资源块并发送上行接入应答帧进行随机接入。
2.1)站点STA1～STA10均收到上行接入启动帧T且有待传输的上行数据时，等待短帧间间隔SIFS时隙后，这10个STA组成上行接入应答帧，并分别在4个可用信道中随机选择第i个子信道Ci，在4个时隙块中随机选择第j个时隙块Sj，构成时频资源块[Ci,Sj]，其中i∈(1,4)，j∈(1,4)；站点STA1～STA10选择的时频资源块分别为[C1,S3]、[C2,S1]、[C1,S3]、[C2,S4]、[C3,S1]、[C4,S3]、[C1,S1]、[C2,S3]、[C4,S2]、[C3,S2]；
2.2)站点STA1～STA10在所选择的时频资源块[Ci,Sj]上向接入点AP发送上行接入应答帧R。
所述短帧间间隔SIFS时隙，为站点STA从接收状态转为发送状态所需要的时间，即从接收上行接入启动帧T转为发送上行接入应答帧R所需要的时间。
所述时频资源块[Ci,Sj]，是由时隙块与子信道构成的用于接入的时域、频域二维的最小单元。
所述上行接入应答帧R为单播发送的无线传输帧，是控制帧的一 种，用于对上行接入启动帧T的应答，在所选择的时频资源块发送，帧中包括可对站点STA进行唯一标识的MAC地址。
步骤3：接入点AP统计成功接入的站点个数N，对其进行资源分配，并记录没有进行资源分配的k个站点。
3.1)接入点AP在4个时隙块时间内进行接收，统计成功接收的上行接入应答帧个数为8，分别为STA2、STA4、STA5、STA6、STA7、STA8、STA9、STA10；
3.2)利用如下的资源分配算法为站点STA分配进行数据传输的子信道：
将成功接入站点STA的MAC地址从小到大排序为STA4、STA2、STA10、STA7、STA6、STA9、STA5、STA8；将4个子信道按序号从小到大的顺序排序为C1、C2、C3、C4，并依次将4个信道配置给MAC地址在前的4个STA；
3.3)将两个排队序列依次进行配对，配对结果如下：
将MAC地址排第一的站点STA4分配给第一可用子信道C1，
将MAC地址排第二的站点STA2分配给第二可用子信道C2，
将MAC地址排第三的站点STA10分配给第三可用子信道C3，
将MAC地址排第四的站点STA7分配给第四可用子信道C4；
3.4)将以上配对结果放入上行资源分配帧Trigger中，等待短帧间间隔SIFS时隙后，在4个子信道上发送该上行资源分配帧Trigger；
3.5)记录该次没有被分配子信道的站点数k，k为大于等于0的整数，在本实施例k＝4，即有4个站点STA需用行第二次资源分配；
所述上行资源分配帧Trigger为广播发送的无线传输帧，是控制帧的一种，帧中包括对接入成功的站点STA的信道分配结果。
步骤4:站点STA根据接收到的资源分配信息发送数据帧。
4.1)STA1～STA10这10个站点接收到上行资源分配帧后，查看上行资源分配帧可知接入点AP为STA4、STA2、STA10、STA7分配的子信道依次为C1、C2、C3、C4，而其余站点STA没有被分配子信道资源；
4.2)STA4、STA2、STA10、STA7这4个站点进行相应处理动作，并在等待短帧间间隔SIFS时隙后在相应的子信道发送上行数据帧，没有被分配子信道的其他站点STA继续等待资源分配帧；
所述数据分组为单播发送的无线传输帧，为本次传输的有效数据单元。
步骤5：AP根据数据分组的接收状态生成应答帧，并根据记录的k值决定是否进行第二次资源分配。
5.1)接入点AP收到STA发送的数据分组后，生成包含接收数据正确站点STA的MAC地址应答帧BA；
5.2)接入点AP查看记录的k值，若k＞0，则返回步骤3，在本实例中k等于4为记录的4个站点STA进行第二次资源分配，否则，执行步骤5.3)；
5.3)接入点AP进行相应处理动作，并在等待短帧间间隔SIFS时隙后在4个子信道上发送应答帧BA。
所述应答帧为单播发送的无线传输帧，是控制帧的一种，该帧中包含AP接收到正确数据分组的站点STA的MAC地址。
步骤6：站点STA根据应答帧判断本次数传结果。
进行数据传输的STA在收到应答帧后，查看应答帧中是否包含本用户的MAC地址，若有，则本次上行数据传输正确；否则传输失败，返回步骤1进入下一次接入。
以上描述仅是本发明的一个具体实例，显然对于本领域的专业人员来说，在了解了本发明内容和原理后，都可能在不背离本发明原理、结构的情况下，进行形式和细节上的各种修正和改变，但是这些基于本发明思想的修正和改变仍在本发明的权利要求保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种基于正交频分多址接入机制的上行接入方法，包括：
    确定本次传输可用子信道及本次接入所需要的时隙块的个数；
    在所述可用子信道上发送上行接入启动帧；
    在所述可用子信道和所述时隙块中进行随机选择；
    利用随机选择的可用子信道和时隙块向接入点发送上行接入应答帧，进行随机接入。
  2. 根据权利要求1的方法，还包括：
    根据上次传输成功接入概率动态调整所述时隙块的个数。
  3. 根据权利要求1的方法，还包括：
    统计成功接入的站点个数；
    为成功接入站点分配进行数据传输的可用子信道；
    已分配子信道的站点在所分配的子信道发送上行数据帧。
  4. 根据权利要求3的方法，还包括：
    根据所述上行数据帧的接收状态生成应答帧；
    根据所述应答帧判断本次数据传输的结果。
  5. 根据权利要求3的方法，其中，所述成功接入的站点个数为N，所述可用子信道的个数为n；当N小于或等于n时，所述分配可用子信道的步骤包括：
    从n个子信道中随机选择N个子信道，将N个子信道按序号从小到大的顺序排序，将接收到应答帧的N个站点按其MAC地址从小到大的顺序排序，再将这两个序列依据排序配对；将配对结果放入上行资源分配帧中；等待预定时隙后，将该上行资源分配帧在选定的N个可用子信 道上发送，其中所述MAC地址唯一地标识所述站点。
  6. 根据权利要求3的方法，其中，所述成功接入的站点个数为N，所述可用子信道的个数为n；当N大于n时，所述分配可用子信道的步骤包括：
    将所有n个可用子信道按序号从小到大的顺序排序；将N个成功接入的站点按其MAC地址从小到大的顺序排序；依次将n个子信道配置给MAC地址在前的n个站点，并将配对结果放入上行资源分配帧中；等待预定时隙后，在n个可用子信道上发送上行资源分配帧，并记录没有在该次进行传输的k＝N-n个站点的MAC地址，用来进行第二次数据传输。
  7. 根据权利要求1的方法，其中，所述时隙块的时间长度为所述上行接入应答帧的传输时间。
  8. 如权利要求5或6所述的方法，其中，所述预定时隙为所述站点从接收状态转为发送状态所需要的时间。
  9. 一种基于正交频分多址接入机制的上行接入方法，包括：
    (1)接入点AP在所有n个可用子信道C1、C2…Ci…Cn上发送上行接入启动帧T，该帧中包含总时隙块个数m，其中i∈(1,n)，m为一个根据上次传输成功接入概率进行动态调整的参数；
    (2)多个站点STA收到上行接入启动帧T且有待传输的上行数据时，等待短帧间间隔时间长度加j-1个上行接入应答帧R时间长度后，在Ci子信道向接入点AP发送上行接入应答帧R，其中，i从[1,n]中随机选择，j从[1,m]中随机选择；
    (3)接入点AP统计成功接收上行接入应答帧中未发送数据的站点个数N，若N＞n,则执行步骤(3b)；否则，执行步骤(3a)；
    (3a)接入点AP从n个子信道中随机选择N个子信道，将N个子信道按序号从小到大的顺序排序，将接收到应答帧中未发送数据的N个站点STA按MAC地址从小到大排序，再将这两个序列依据排序配对；将配对结果放入上行资源分配帧中，等待短帧间间隔时隙后，将该上行资源分配帧在选定的N个可用子信道上发送，其中MAC地址可唯一标识站点STA；
    (3b)将n个子信道按序号从小到大的顺序排序，将接收到应答帧的所属N个站点STA按MAC地址从小到大排序，依次将n个子信道配置给MAC地址在前的n个站点STA，并将配对结果放入上行资源分配帧中，等待短帧间间隔时隙后，在n个可用子信道上发送上行资源分配帧，并记录没有在该次进行传输的k＝N-n个用户的MAC地址，用来进行第二次数据传输；
    (4)站点STA接收到上行资源分配帧后，查看该帧中是否包含为本站点分配的子信道，若有，等待短帧间间隔时隙后，在分配子信道上发送上行数据帧；
    (5)接入点AP接收上行数据帧后，记录上行数据帧的接收状态，并查看记录的k值，若k＞0，则N＝min{k,n},令k＝0，并返回步骤3，为尚未发送数据的N个站点STA进行第二次资源分配，否则，接入点AP根据所记录的数据分组的接收状态生成应答帧BA，等待短帧间间隔时隙后，在对应子信道上发送应答帧BA，该帧中包含所有接收正确上行数据帧的站点STA的MAC地址；
    (6)站点STA接收到应答帧BA后，查看应答帧BA中是否包含本用户的MAC地址，若有，则本次上行数据传输成功，否则传输失败。
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