WO2017219492A1 - 一种土壤水分和养分变化的智能检测装置 - Google Patents

一种土壤水分和养分变化的智能检测装置 Download PDF

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WO2017219492A1
WO2017219492A1 PCT/CN2016/097334 CN2016097334W WO2017219492A1 WO 2017219492 A1 WO2017219492 A1 WO 2017219492A1 CN 2016097334 W CN2016097334 W CN 2016097334W WO 2017219492 A1 WO2017219492 A1 WO 2017219492A1
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electrode
soil moisture
detecting device
probe
soil
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朱智会
张万春
邓水云
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广东森维绿联科技有限公司
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
    • G01N27/223—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance for determining moisture content, e.g. humidity

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  • the invention relates to a soil detecting technology, in particular to an intelligent detecting device for soil moisture and nutrient change.
  • Soil is a complex and multi-phase material system consisting of mineral particles of various sizes, organic residues of various degrees of decomposition, humus and living organisms, various nutrients, moisture and air.
  • Two important factors affecting the growth of plants in the soil are the changes in soil moisture and nutrient content.
  • detection methods for soil moisture and nutrient changes At present, the main technology is to use laboratory equipment for detection, and to achieve detection by analyzing and testing some ions.
  • the main technology is to use laboratory equipment for detection, and to achieve detection by analyzing and testing some ions.
  • the invention mainly provides an intelligent detecting device for soil moisture and nutrient change in order to solve the above technical problem, and monitors the moisture and nutrients of the soil through a detecting device buried in the soil for a long time, and the related data fed back by the device. In turn, fine management of plants.
  • the present invention discloses an intelligent detecting device for soil moisture and nutrient change, wherein the detecting device detecting device comprises a detecting probe;
  • the probe includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third electrode, and an insulating layer is disposed between the electrodes, the first electrode and the second electrode constitute a resistive sensor, and the second electrode and the third electrode constitute Capacitive sensor
  • the electrode probe is of a cone type.
  • one end of the electrode probe connecting cylindrical body is provided with a barb.
  • first electrode and the second electrode are coaxially sleeved on the outside of the probe, and the third electrode is coaxially sleeved inside the probe.
  • the capacitance detecting circuit processes the capacitance detecting signal acquired by the capacitive sensor to reflect the change of the soil moisture
  • the voltage collecting circuit processes the resistance detecting signal obtained by the resistive sensor to reflect the change of the soil nutrient.
  • the probes are connected by screws.
  • the electrode components of the probe can be removed and replaced.
  • the material used in the plant device is strong in corrosion resistance, firmly fixed at a fixed point, has a long service life, and has a simple structure, is convenient for carrying the field in batches, has high detection precision, and is beneficial to the good construction of the social ecological environment. .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic exploded view of a probe portion in a detecting device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 2 is a graph showing relationship between salt resistivity, humidity, and temperature of soil in an embodiment of the present invention
  • the invention provides a probe structure of a soil moisture and nutrient change detecting device.
  • the detecting probe comprises an M3 fastening screw 30, a waterproof ring 31, a barbed body 32, a ring-shaped copper electrode 33, and a ring shape.
  • the aluminum alloy electrode 34, the insulator connecting member 35, the conical aluminum alloy electrode 36, and the insulator housing 37; the conical aluminum alloy electrode 36, the insulator connecting member 35, the annular aluminum alloy electrode 34, the insulator housing 37, and the barbed body 32 are The sequence is snapped and fixed by the central portion by the M3 fastening screw, and the annular copper electrode 33 is embedded in the insulator housing 37 and does not contact the annular aluminum alloy electrode 34 and the barbed body 32.
  • the waterproof ring is embedded in the barbed body.
  • An end of the annular copper electrode 33 is formed; the ring electrode 33 and the annular aluminum alloy electrode 34 constitute a capacitive sensor, and the annular aluminum alloy electrode 34 and the conical aluminum alloy 36 constitute a resistive sensor.
  • the soil is punctured by the tapered probe portion of the detecting device, and the barbed portion is immersed in the soil for fixed point detection.
  • the capacitance detection signal measured by the capacitive sensor formed by the ring electrode 33 and the annular aluminum alloy electrode 34 is processed by the main circuit to reflect data of soil moisture change, the annular aluminum alloy electrode 34 and the cone
  • the shaped aluminum alloy 36 constitutes a voltage sensor signal measured by the resistive sensor to reflect data reflecting changes in soil nutrients.
  • the through-capacitance sensor detects the output frequency, and the measured frequency does not change much, all are at 73-75 KHz, and the fluctuation of the water causes the detection frequency to be unstable, and the factor that affects the maximum frequency is the depth of the capacitor plate invading the water.
  • QUOTE ⁇ v ⁇ v is the soil water content
  • kd is the dielectric constant of the soil
  • ⁇ is the soil dissolved weight
  • capacitor C The calculation formula of capacitor C is as follows:
  • the frequency output of the detection circuit is:
  • F is the frequency
  • R is the resistance
  • A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5 are all constants.
  • A4 and A5 can be carried out by comparing a product with a professional measurement of soil moisture. Only two sets of data can be measured to determine A4 and A5.
  • the resistivity of the soil is related to the three elements, the salt content, the humidity, and the temperature; it is impossible to measure the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium through the resistance sensor.
  • the conductivity can be used to reflect the salt content of the soil to reflect the soil nutrient.
  • the following is the measured soil nutrient experimental data: soil nutrient, the following is the measured soil nutrient experimental data:

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

一种土壤水分和养分变化的智能检测装置，所述检测装置的检测探头具有防盗拔，耐腐蚀，易于携带的特性，可以长期埋放在土壤中的检测装置而对土壤的水分和养分进行监测，通过装置所反馈的相关数据进而对植物作出精细的管理。检测探头包含第一电极（36）、第二电极（34）、第三电极（33），所述电极之间设有绝缘层，第一电极（36）和第二电极（34）构成电阻式传感器，第二电极（34）和第三电极（33）构成电容式传感器。

Description

一种土壤水分和养分变化的智能检测装置 技术领域
本发明涉及土壤检测技术，具体为一种土壤水分和养分变化的智能检测装置。
背景技术
土壤是一个复杂而多相的物质系统，它由各种不同大小的矿物颗粒、各种不同分解程度的有机残体、腐殖质及生物活体、各种养分、水分和空气等组成。影响植物在土壤中生长状况的两个重要因素便是土壤的水分和养分的含量变化。目前，土壤水分、养分的变化同样有许多种检测方法，目前主要的技术是采用实验室的设备进行检测，通过对一些离子进行分析和测试而实现检测的目的。而且在野外进行固定点监测时，容易被水的成分变化干扰，价格较高，且抗腐蚀性能力差，不便于野外携带，难以定点连续监测，监测数据精确度偏差大，价格偏高等诸多因素，对于室外园林土壤定点连续监测应用存在不便和诸多限制；在目前生态环境形势严峻的情况下，市场迫切需要一种便于携带，价格便宜，监测数据请准度高，使用寿命长，易于操作的土壤水分和养分的检测装置，便于监测植物生长并进行精细化管理，建设更好的生态环境。
发明内容
本发明主要为了解决上述的技术问题而提供一种土壤水分和养分变化的智能检测装置，通过长期埋放在土壤中的检测装置而对土壤的水分和养分进行监测，通过装置所反馈的相关数据进而对植物作出精细的管理。
本发明为了解决上述的技术问题，公开一种土壤土壤水分和养分变化的智能检测装置，所述检测装置检测装置包含检测探头；
所述探头包含第一电极、第二电极、第三电极，所述电极之间设有绝缘层，所述第一电极和第二电极构成电阻式传感器，所述第二电极和第三电极构成电容式传感器；
进一步，所述电极探头为锥头式。
进一步，所述电极探头连接柱形体一端设置有倒刺。
进一步，所述第一电极、第二电极为铝合金金属同轴套设于探头的外部，所述第三电极为环形铜金属同轴套设于探头内部。
进一步，所述电容检测电路将电容式传感器获取的电容检测信号处理为反映土壤水分变化，所述电压采集电路将电阻式传感器获取的电阻检测信号处理为反映土壤养分变化。
进一步，所述探头用螺钉连接。
进一步，所述探头的电极部件可以拆卸更换。
采用上述发明技术方案的有益效果：植物装置采用的材料耐腐蚀强，定点牢固防盗拔，使用寿命长，且结构简单，便于批量携带野外使用，检测精准度高，对社会生态环境良好建设非常有利。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中的检测装置中的探头部分分解示意图
图2为本发明实施例中的土壤的电阻率盐量、湿度、温度的关系图
具体实施例
以下结合附图对本发明的原理和特征进行描述，所举实例只用于解释本发明，并非用于限定发明的范围。相反，本实施例包括落入所附加权利要求的精神和内涵范围的所有变化、修改和等同物，这应被本发明实施例所属技术领域的技术人员所理解。
本发明提供了一种土壤水分和养分变化检测装置的探头结构，如图1所示，所述检测的探头包括M3紧固螺丝30、防水圈31、倒刺体32、环形铜电极33、环形铝合金电极34、绝缘体连接件35、圆锥形铝合金电极36、绝缘体外壳37；所述圆锥形铝合金电极36、绝缘体连接件35、环形铝合金电极34、绝缘体外壳37、倒刺体32依序卡接并由M3紧固螺丝由中心部分固定，所述环形铜电极33内嵌于绝缘体外壳37且不接触环形铝合金电极34和倒刺体32，所述防水圈内嵌于倒刺体靠近环形铜电极33的一端；所述环形电极33和环形铝合金电极34构成电容式传感器，所述环形铝合金电极34和圆锥形铝合金36构成电阻式传感器。本发明实施例中，通过所述探测装置的锥形探头部分刺破土壤至倒刺部没入土壤中进行定点检测。
在本发明实施例中，所述环形电极33和环形铝合金电极34构成的电容式传感器测得的电容检测信号通过主板电路处理为反映土壤水分变化的数据，所述环形铝合金电极34和圆锥形铝合金36构成电阻式传感器测得的电压检测信号处理为反映土壤养分变化的数据。
在本发明实施例中，通电容式传感器检测输出频率，测得频率变化不大，都在73-75KHz，水的波动造成检测频率不稳定，影响频率最大的因素就是侵入水中的电容板深度，这一结论可以推测出电极检测输出频率和土壤的含水量之间的关系。以下为计算公式
QUOTE：θv＝0.219kd0.5-0.1846：θv＝0.219kd0.5-0.1846    适用于北方土质
QUOTE θv＝0.219kd0.5-0.1671ρ+0.027 θv＝0.219kd0.5-0.1671ρ+0.027   适用南方土质
QUOTE θv θv为土壤含水量，kd为土壤的介电常数，ρ为土壤溶重
电容C的计算公式如下：
Figure PCTCN2016097334-appb-000001
检测电路的频率输出为：
Figure PCTCN2016097334-appb-000002
运用南方土壤湿度的公式：
Figure PCTCN2016097334-appb-000003
F为频率，R为电阻，A1，A2，A3，A4，A5全部为常数
A4，A5的确定，可以用一个专业测量土壤湿度的产品进行比对后来测试，只需要测量两组数据就可以确定出A4、A5。
在本发明实施例中，如图3所示，土壤的电阻率与三大元素有关，含盐量、湿度、温度；通过电阻式传感器来测量土壤的氮、磷、钾三种元素是不可能的，可以用导电率来侧面反映土壤的含盐分量进而反映土壤的养分，以下为测得的土壤养分实验数据：壤的养分，以下为测得的土壤养分实验数据：
表一
Figure PCTCN2016097334-appb-000004
表二
Figure PCTCN2016097334-appb-000005
由表一、表二中的数据可以得出，在测土壤电导率的时候，验证了当土壤的含水量>30％后，在相同温度下，其电导率变化就比较小，通过水量的变化侧面反映盐分的变化，进而反映养分的变化情况。
表三
Figure PCTCN2016097334-appb-000006
由表三中的试验结果可以验证本实施例装置具有耐腐蚀性。
以上为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种土壤水分和养分变化的智能检测装置，其特征在于，所述检测装置包含检测探头；所述探头包含第一电极、第二电极、第三电极，所述电极之间设有绝缘层，所述第一电极和第二电极构成电阻式传感器，所述第二电极和第三电极构成电容式传感器。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种土壤水分和养分变化的智能检测装置，其特征在于，所述电极探头为锥头式。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种土壤水分和养分变化的智能检测装置，其特征在于，所述探头连接柱形体一端设置有倒刺。
  4. 根据根据权利要求1或2所述的一种土壤水分和养分变化的智能检测装置，其特征在于，所探头的第一电极、第二电极、第三电极为抗腐蚀性材料。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种土壤水分和养分变化的智能检测装置，其特征在于，所述第一电极、第二电极为铝合金金属同轴套设于探头的外部，所述第三电极为环形铜金属同轴套设于探头内部。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种土壤水分和养分变化的智能检测装置，其特征在于，所述电容检测电路将电容式传感器获取的电容检测信号处理为反映土壤水分变化，所述电压采集电路将电阻式传感器获取的电阻检测信号处理为反映土壤养分变化。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种土壤水分和养分变化的智能检测装置，其特征在于，所述探头用螺钉连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种土壤水分和养分变化的智能检测装置，其特征在于，所述探头的电极部件可以拆卸更换。
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CN102359982A (zh) * 2011-07-19 2012-02-22 东南大学 一种地下气体探测的多功能探头
CN102565150A (zh) * 2012-01-13 2012-07-11 北京盈胜泰科技术有限公司 一种土壤相对湿度和土壤肥力变化的检测装置及监测系统
CN102565151A (zh) * 2012-01-18 2012-07-11 北京盈胜泰科技术有限公司 一种检测土壤酸碱度的装置及系统

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN109506803A (zh) * 2018-11-30 2019-03-22 深圳和而泰数据资源与云技术有限公司 土壤监测仪
CN113390925A (zh) * 2021-05-27 2021-09-14 中国农业大学 基于电阻抗定量检测土壤氮素的方法
CN113390925B (zh) * 2021-05-27 2022-09-23 中国农业大学 基于电阻抗定量检测土壤氮素的方法

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