WO2017219109A1 - Procédé de soudage par friction et de mélange mécanique pour la jonction de tubes bimétalliques - Google Patents

Procédé de soudage par friction et de mélange mécanique pour la jonction de tubes bimétalliques Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2017219109A1
WO2017219109A1 PCT/BR2017/050158 BR2017050158W WO2017219109A1 WO 2017219109 A1 WO2017219109 A1 WO 2017219109A1 BR 2017050158 W BR2017050158 W BR 2017050158W WO 2017219109 A1 WO2017219109 A1 WO 2017219109A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tubes
tool
welding
welding process
tube
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/BR2017/050158
Other languages
English (en)
Portuguese (pt)
Inventor
Eduardo BERTONI DA FONSECA
Victor FERRINHO PEREIRA
Original Assignee
Centro Nacional De Pesquisa Em Energia E Materiais
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Centro Nacional De Pesquisa Em Energia E Materiais filed Critical Centro Nacional De Pesquisa Em Energia E Materiais
Publication of WO2017219109A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017219109A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
    • B23K20/227—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded with ferrous layer

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to welding processes for pipes.
  • a friction welding and mechanical mixing process for the union of two bimetallic tubes by top joint is presented. This process is performed in a welding system comprising a rotary friction welding tool, a control and actuation system and a plurality of tube fasteners.
  • the oil and gas segment requires the proper conjugation of mechanical properties of the materials used in the manufacture of components, generally associated with the flow limit and resistance to the exposure medium.
  • building equipment and components that reconcile both attributes is a challenge of a technical and economic nature.
  • the combination of a structural material with satisfactory mechanical properties, with another material resistant to exposure to the corrosive medium, is used, which isolates the structural material from this medium.
  • the protection of the structural material or substrate is made by coatings with or without metallurgical interaction, such as those obtained by melt-welding and solid-state processes, and by co-laminating or by collation.
  • the terminologies typically used to designate materials with such characteristics are "clad material” and “line material” depending respectively of the presence or not of metallurgical interaction with the substrate.
  • the metallurgical joining of clad pieces is typically accomplished by melt welding processes. This process requires the use of metallurgically compatible addition materials with the coating material. As a result of this, the mechanical strength of the joint may be less than the mechanical strength of the structural material, the substrate.
  • buttery Another common practice in the industry is buttery, which is intended to render compatible by welding metallurgically incompatible materials.
  • deposition of a material typically by welding processes, is carried out between the parts to be joined. This deposition has the purpose of allowing the joining of materials in which the simple union, that is, without buttery, would compromise the integrity of the welded joint.
  • the use of buttery may be indicated in cases where the union between the parts, with or without the use of an addition material, would not be metallurgically compatible, such as by the formation of fragile phases, cracks or incompatibility between thermal cycles required for the parts after welding.
  • the union of bimetallic materials may comprise several additional steps in addition to those related to joint welding per se, such as buttery performance and cycles of heat treatments.
  • Another aspect to be considered refers to the restriction for the selection of the addition material, since it must be metallurgically compatible with the coating material, and in some cases it may be resistant mechanics inferior to the base material, the substrate.
  • FSW friction stir welding
  • the FSW process allows to eliminate the buttery and heat treatment steps during the manufacture of certain components, in addition to presenting a solution for the mechanical strength of clad joints.
  • WO201505173641 discloses a top-welding process in clad tubes.
  • a solder made by the FSW process is described wherein the soldering tool advances on the inner surface of the tube and then on the outer surface of the tube or vice versa.
  • internal and external welding is performed simultaneously.
  • the developed solder presents partial penetration of the tool on each of the inner and outer sides of the tube. It is described as a particular advantage of this process the possibility of welding bimetallic tubes with an inner layer of corrosion resistant alloy (hereinafter referred to by the acronym CRA for Corrosion-Resistant Alloy).
  • CRA Corrosion-Resistant Alloy
  • Patent document WO2015053258 describes a method of joining two clad laminated pieces in which the joining of the parts is accomplished by FSW type welding with full penetration of the tool.
  • the document further shows a tool geometry used for welding operation, which enables less mixing between the materials of the cladding. It is within the teachings of this document that such blending reduction effect is obtained when the tool is introduced into the part by the side of the CRA layer, i.e. on the side opposite the carbon steel material.
  • a section threaded at the end of the tool causes the flow of carbon steel material not to be directed to cover bimetallic material during the friction welding operation, reducing the mixing of materials.
  • said clad pieces may be ducts with the carbon steel alloy on their outer surface.
  • Friction stir welding of pipeline steels Friction Stir Welding and Processing VII, pp. 59-69
  • Friction Stir Welding and Processing VII, pp. 59-69 studied approaches to obtain full penetration of the FSW tool in the welding of pipes with penetration of the tool by the external wall.
  • the present invention is a process for joining bimetallic tubes, preferably linear or cladded pipes, for application in contact with high pressure corrosive medium, depending on the conditions encountered in the oil and gas exploration.
  • This process is particularly advantageous for making the connection of bimetallic tubes having small internal diameters, e.g., internal diameters smaller than 160 mm, and may have on the inner surface a corrosion resistant alloy (CRA).
  • CRA corrosion resistant alloy
  • the object of the present invention is achieved by a friction welding and mechanical mixing (FSW) process for joining bimetallic tubes.
  • This process is carried out in a welding system comprising at least one rotary welding friction tool, a control and actuation system and a plurality of tube fastening elements which restrict axial, radial and deflection of the tubes during the process.
  • the steps essential for carrying out the process are as follows: (i) to position the tubes aligned coaxially on the system fasteners, placing the top surfaces to be joined in interface with one another, the fastening elements comprising , at least one expandable clamp and a plurality of high hardness plates, wherein the high hardness plates are positioned between the expandable clamp and the inner surface adjacent the interface region of the tubes; (ii) to fix the tubes in the system, restricting their movements due to the tensioning of the fixing elements against the surfaces of the tubes and against the plates of high hardness; (iii) positioning the tool in contact with the outer surface of the tubes in the interface region therebetween, the axis of rotation of the tool being normal to the surface of the tubes; (iv) linearly moving the tool a certain distance in the tangential direction to the surface of the tube, the distance being determined as a function of the diameter of the tube; (v) actuating the tool with predetermined speed of rotation, feed and penetration force; (vi) approaching the tool from the surface of the pipes for
  • Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a system embodying a method of the process of the present invention.
  • Figures 2A and 2B are schematic cross-sectional views of systems performing two embodiments of the process of the present invention.
  • Figures 3A and 3B are side views of rotating friction welding and mechanical mixing tools used in two embodiments of the process of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a top view of the tube showing the relative position of the center line of the tool relative to the center of the tube in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5A is a micrograph showing a cross-section of a circumferential welded joint obtained by of the present invention.
  • Figure 5B is a micrograph showing a cross-section of a circumferential welded joint obtained by the process with parameters different from those of the process of the present invention.
  • the present invention is a mechanical friction welding (FSW) process for bimetallic tube joining. This process is performed in a welding system made up of elements common to FSW process systems.
  • FSW mechanical friction welding
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the main elements of the welding system 10, being: a rotating friction welding tool 20; a welding system control and actuation system 30; a pair of tubes 40a, 40b, subject to the welding process; and a set of tube securing members.
  • a major axis 50 of the tubes 40a, 40b in relation to which the tubes 40a, 40b are arranged collinear.
  • a top surface of the tube 40a is disposed in interface with a top surface of the tube 40b. These interface surfaces will be joined during the welding process.
  • the set of tube fasteners comprises: an expandable gripper 2, a plurality of high hardness plates 3 and a plurality of flexural support rollers 4.
  • the fasteners further include a cap and a stop, disposed downstream and upstream of the tubes, at their free ends, which ends will not be subjected to the welding process. These additional elements are brought into contact with the free ends of the tubes and pressed against them, restricting the axial movements of the tubes along the main axis 5 during the welding process.
  • the expandable gripper 2 is a screw driven mandrel which promotes its radial displacement, preventing the collapse of the tube when subjected to the high radial forces inherent to the FSW process.
  • the expandable clamp 2 has actuators connected to the control and actuation system 30, which promote its radial expansion by internally pressing the tubes.
  • a rotary mechanical axis is provided on said main axis 50, in which the expandable clamp 2 is fixed and, optionally, the cover and the stop is fixed.
  • This mechanical axis rotates integrally with the tubes 40a, 40b during the process, and is responsible for advancing the tool 20 at the circumference of the welded tube.
  • the mechanical axis has actuators connected to the control and actuation system 30, promoting its angular displacement.
  • the advancement of the tool 20 is due to an orbital welding system, which rotates the tool 20 and the rollers 4 about the major axis 50 of the tubes 40a, 40b.
  • the orbital system of this modality is controlled by the control and actuation system 30.
  • the control and actuation system 30 is a programmable unit connected to the various actuators of the welding system 10.
  • This control and actuation system 30 comprises: an engine, responsible for transmitting mechanical and / or hydraulic power to the actuators; and a plurality of force, temperature and / or speed sensors connected to the control and actuation system 30, responsible for feeding back the control system; and a programming and control interface which receives input data from the welding process parameters and sensor data and sends commands to the motor in order to transmit power to the actuators.
  • These actuators have various drive functions, such as control of tool rotation and feed.
  • high hardness plates 3 are disposed between the expandable clamp 2 and the inner surface of the tubes 40, during the steps of preparing the welding system.
  • Said high hardness plates 3 are made of high strength and hardness material, and may be a metallic, ceramic or composite material.
  • the high hardness plates 3 are comprised of a tool steel, such as steel ABNT API 01 DIN Wl.25.10.
  • a tool steel such as steel ABNT API 01 DIN Wl.25.10.
  • the mechanical properties of this steel allow the protection of the expandable forceps 2 and minimize the deformation during the process, contributing to a good welding result.
  • two casters 4 are disposed diametrically remote from the tool 20.
  • the casters 4 support the tubes 40, 40a, 40b and support radial forces and bending in the FSW process.
  • castors are not disposed in opposition to the tool 20.
  • radial stresses are supported by expansion of the expandable caliper 2, pressing the high hardness plates 3 in contact with the tubes 40, 40a, 40b.
  • the tubes 40a, 40b are disposed coaxially with respect to said major axis 50 of the tubes 40a, 40b, the tubes 40 being rested on the high hardness plates 3.
  • a a free top surface of a first tube 40a is brought into contact with the stop.
  • the free top surface of this first tube 40a is brought into contact with a top surface of a second tube 40b.
  • the free top surface of this second tube 40b is pressed by the cap, which in turn is mechanically secured to the mechanical axis disposed on the main shaft 50, being secured by common fasteners, e.g., nuts and bolts.
  • the stop and cap attachment may be dispensed with.
  • the flexural support rollers 4 are positioned on the outer surface of the tubes 40, close to the interface region between the tubes 40, that position being diametrically remote from the position of the tool 20. This counterposition of the rollers in relative to the tool 20 balances the penetration forces of the tool 20 into the tubes 40, preventing flexing of the system 10 during the welding process.
  • the selection of the tool 20 is an essential parameter in the welding process of the present invention.
  • Tapered geometry tools are suitable for tube welding bimetallic when the tool pass is given by the surface of structural material.
  • the CRA behaves differently from the structural material when submitted to the FSW process, being necessary to work with lower speeds for the CRA. Therefore, the conical tool provides good welding conditions for both materials.
  • the tool composition 20 comprises from 50 to 90% by volume of polycrystalline boron nitride cubic in a metal or ceramic binder material.
  • FIG. 3A and 3B The geometries of two tool modes used in the present invention are illustrated in Figures 3A and 3B.
  • the figures show a conical tool with a diameter variation 20a and a conical tool with two diameter variations 20b, respectively.
  • the first tool 20a as seen in Figure 3A, has a diameter variation defining a threaded section of larger diameter near the base and a threaded section of smaller diameter extending to the tip of the tool.
  • the second tool 20b has a further diameter variation than the tool 20a, which variation defines a pin at the tip of the tool, with a diameter substantially less than the central section.
  • the steps in which the actual welding occurs are controlled by the programming of the control and actuation system 30.
  • the present process invention has an offset parameter relating the displacement of the tool's central axis 20 relative to the center of the tubes 40, as shown in Figure 4. This parameter varies according to the radius of the tubes and is generally calibrated at each start of the process.
  • the axis displacement parameter ranges from 6 to 10 mm.
  • Another essential step in the process of the present invention is the initial approach of the tool 20 to the surface of the tube. It is important to ensure that the parameters of rotation speed and penetration force are adequate to sufficiently heat the material and obtain full penetration before the tool 20 advances for welding.
  • the bimetallic tubes of this example are clad tubes made of ASTM A335 grade P22 steel with an inner layer of Inconel ® 625 alloy.
  • the internal diameter of the tubes used is 144 mm, with thicknesses ranging from 8 to 18 mm, of 3 mm of CRA thickness.
  • a first tube 40b is positioned in a system 10, wherein a rotating mechanical axis is provided on the major axis 50 of the tube 40b.
  • the mechanical shaft comprises an expandable gripper 2 fixed thereto.
  • a plurality of high hardness plates 3 are provided between the inner surface of the tube 40b and the expandable clamp 2, in the region of the sanded end. The other end of the tube is against a fixed stop on the mechanical shaft. This stop restricts the axial movements of the tube 40b along the major axis 50.
  • a second tube 40a is positioned in the system 10, on the high hardness plates 3 and the expandable collets 2. It is checked whether the interface of the tubes 40a, 40b, where the welding will occur, is positioned in the region of the collet 2 covered by the high hardness plates 3. Otherwise, the axial position of the tubes is determined.
  • the high hardness plates 3 used are ABNT API 01 DIN Wl.25.10 steel.
  • a cover is installed on the mechanical shaft in contact with the free end of the second tube 40a and is secured to the mechanical shaft by means of nuts and bolts, ensuring the restriction of the axial movements of the tubes 40a, 40b relative to the system 10.
  • Screws that engage the expansion system of a clamp 2 are tightened.
  • the expansion of the clamp 2 ensures the contact of the high hardness plates 3 with the inner surface of the tubes 40, 40a, 40b, preventing the collapse of the tubes when subjected the forces resulting from the welding process.
  • a flexural support caster 4 is brought into contact with the outer wall of the tubes near the interface region to prevent flexing of the system during the welding process.
  • the first parameter set in the welding process is the displacement of the tool axis 20 relative to the center line of the tubes 40a, 40b, as shown previously in view of Figure 4. This parameter determines in which position the tool 20 will be as it approaches the tubes 40a, 40b for heating.
  • the displacement parameter has been selected between 6 and 10 mm.
  • the rotation speed parameter is selected between 100 and 400 rpm, preferably 170 rpm.
  • the rotation of the tool is activated and the tool penetrates the tube with penetration force between 55 and 70 kN, guaranteeing full penetration.
  • the tool initiates the advancement in relation to the radial extension of the tubes, with an advancement speed of between 25 and 65 mm / min, preferably 50 mm / min, the advancement extending between 365 ° and 380 °, preferably 375 °.
  • the rotational speed of the tool is maintained between 100 and 400 rpm throughout the feed.
  • Figure 5A is a micrograph of a section of the tube welded by the present process.
  • the result obtained by the process modality with parameters described in that particular example and by selecting a conical tool with two section variations 20b can be observed.
  • This tool is illustrated in Figure 3B.
  • the selection of this tool 20b resulted in a low blend between carbon steel and Inconel 625.
  • Figure 5B is a micrograph of a section of the welded tube by a method using parameters similar to the process of the present invention, but with a conical tool with no section variation and no depth for complete penetration into the part. As can be seen in the figure, the selection of this tool resulted in a considerable mixture between carbon steel and Inconel 625.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de soudage par friction et de mélange mécanique pour la jonction de tubes bimétalliques, le soudage étant réalisé en une seule étape avec pénétration totale de l'outil dans l'épaisseur du tube. L'outil est introduit par le côté externe du tube bimétallique, soit le côté de l'alliage de matériau structural, opposé au côté bimétallique avec matériau résistant à la corrosion.
PCT/BR2017/050158 2016-06-20 2017-06-20 Procédé de soudage par friction et de mélange mécanique pour la jonction de tubes bimétalliques WO2017219109A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BRBR102016014426-4 2016-06-20
BR102016014426-4A BR102016014426B1 (pt) 2016-06-20 2016-06-20 processo de solda por fricção e mistura mecânica para união de tubos bimetálicos

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017219109A1 true WO2017219109A1 (fr) 2017-12-28

Family

ID=60783590

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/BR2017/050158 WO2017219109A1 (fr) 2016-06-20 2017-06-20 Procédé de soudage par friction et de mélange mécanique pour la jonction de tubes bimétalliques

Country Status (2)

Country Link
BR (1) BR102016014426B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017219109A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100136369A1 (en) * 2008-11-18 2010-06-03 Raghavan Ayer High strength and toughness steel structures by friction stir welding
US8074865B2 (en) * 2004-04-02 2011-12-13 Smith International, Inc. Gradient polycrystalline cubic boron nitride materials and tools incorporating such materials
US20140077668A1 (en) * 2012-09-14 2014-03-20 Apple Inc. Friction stir welding parts including one or more expendable portions
JP2015053258A (ja) * 2012-10-15 2015-03-19 アイリスオーヤマ株式会社 電磁調理器
WO2016007773A1 (fr) * 2014-07-10 2016-01-14 Megastir Technologies Llc Extrusion par friction-malaxage de matériaux non soudables pour outils de fond de trou

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8074865B2 (en) * 2004-04-02 2011-12-13 Smith International, Inc. Gradient polycrystalline cubic boron nitride materials and tools incorporating such materials
US20100136369A1 (en) * 2008-11-18 2010-06-03 Raghavan Ayer High strength and toughness steel structures by friction stir welding
US20140077668A1 (en) * 2012-09-14 2014-03-20 Apple Inc. Friction stir welding parts including one or more expendable portions
JP2015053258A (ja) * 2012-10-15 2015-03-19 アイリスオーヤマ株式会社 電磁調理器
WO2016007773A1 (fr) * 2014-07-10 2016-01-14 Megastir Technologies Llc Extrusion par friction-malaxage de matériaux non soudables pour outils de fond de trou

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR102016014426A2 (pt) 2018-01-02
BR102016014426B1 (pt) 2021-07-06

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US9242308B2 (en) Out of position friction stir welding of casing and small diameter tubing or pipe
US7530486B2 (en) Applications of friction stir welding using a superabrasive tool
CA2518469C (fr) Joint de soudure conduite/connecteur, et procede pour souder une conduite et un connecteur
CN101559530B (zh) 用于连接管底和管的方法以及用于实施该方法的摩擦工具
AU2016298789B2 (en) Repair of pipeline welds using friction stir processing
WO2020010782A1 (fr) Processus de soudage par friction axiale destiné à l'acier inoxydable austénitique à haute teneur en azote et collier de forage non magnétique
US20160039042A1 (en) Method for Friction Welding Subsea Flowline Connectors
WO2013173374A1 (fr) Assemblage par friction-malaxage de surfaces incurvées
CA3131446A1 (fr) Systeme et methode de fabrication de tuyaux
WO2017219109A1 (fr) Procédé de soudage par friction et de mélange mécanique pour la jonction de tubes bimétalliques
JPH03243286A (ja) クラッド管の接合方法
JP2023552671A (ja) 付加摩擦撹拌製造トランジション継手のための方法及び装置
JP4213721B2 (ja) フレア加工用管継手と該管継手を用いた鋼管の接続工法
CN220660007U (zh) 一种用于钛弯头的端头倒角加工的夹具
EP3600739A1 (fr) Pointe multifonction
ISMAIL The preliminary experimental study of friction stir welding on aluminium alloy 6063 pipe butt joint
JPH0323066A (ja) 二重管の周継手溶接法
JPS63248584A (ja) 配管の製造法
JPS5813790B2 (ja) 耐蝕二重管継手製造方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 17814350

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 17814350

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1