WO2017217034A1 - 構造物評価システム、構造物評価装置及び構造物評価方法 - Google Patents
構造物評価システム、構造物評価装置及び構造物評価方法 Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/045—Analysing solids by imparting shocks to the workpiece and detecting the vibrations or the acoustic waves caused by the shocks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/025—Change of phase or condition
- G01N2291/0258—Structural degradation, e.g. fatigue of composites, ageing of oils
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
Definitions
- Embodiments of the present invention relate to a structure evaluation system, a structure evaluation apparatus, and a structure evaluation method.
- AE Acoustic Emission
- AE Acoustic Emission
- AE can be detected by installing an AE sensor on the floor slab surface.
- AE is an elastic wave generated with the progress of fatigue cracks in the material.
- the position of the elastic wave transmission source (hereinafter referred to as “AE transmission source”) can be determined from the difference in the AE arrival times between the sensors.
- AE transmission source damage inside the floor slab such as a horizontal crack is very difficult to detect by a conventional nondestructive inspection, but the analysis of the data acquired by the AE sensor Damage can be estimated.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a structure evaluation system, a structure evaluation apparatus, and a structure evaluation method capable of efficiently evaluating a structure.
- the structure evaluation system of the embodiment includes a plurality of AE sensors, a signal processing unit, a position location unit, and an evaluation unit.
- the AE sensor detects elastic waves generated from the structure.
- the signal processing unit performs signal processing on the elastic wave detected by the AE sensor to output an AE signal including information on the elastic wave.
- the position locating unit derives a transmission source distribution representing a distribution of the elastic wave generation sources generated in the structure, using an AE signal due to an impact on the structure.
- An evaluation part evaluates the deterioration state of the predetermined area
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a system configuration of a structure evaluation system 100 according to an embodiment.
- the structure evaluation system 100 is used for evaluating the soundness of a structure.
- a bridge is described as an example of a structure, but the structure need not be limited to a bridge.
- the structure may be any structure as long as an elastic wave is generated due to the occurrence or development of a crack or an external impact (for example, rain, artificial rain, etc.).
- Bridges are not limited to structures laid on rivers and valleys, but also include various structures (for example, highway viaducts) provided above the ground.
- the structure evaluation system 100 includes a plurality of AE sensors 10-1 to 10-n (n is an integer of 2 or more), a signal processing unit 11, and a structure evaluation apparatus 20.
- the signal processing unit 11 and the structure evaluation apparatus 20 are connected to be communicable by wire or wirelessly.
- the AE sensors 10-1 to 10-n are referred to as AE sensors 10 when not distinguished from each other.
- the AE sensor 10 is installed in a structure.
- the AE sensor 10 is installed on a concrete floor slab 30 of a bridge.
- the AE sensor 10 includes a piezoelectric element, detects an elastic wave (AE wave) generated by a structure, and converts the detected elastic wave into a voltage signal (AE source signal).
- the AE sensor 10 performs processing such as amplification and frequency limitation on the AE source signal and outputs the signal to the signal processing unit 11.
- the signal processing unit 11 receives the AE source signal processed by the AE sensor 10 as an input.
- the signal processing unit 11 extracts an AE feature amount including information on an elastic wave by performing signal processing such as noise removal and parameter extraction required on the input AE source signal.
- the information on the elastic wave is information such as the amplitude, energy, rise time, duration, frequency, zero cross count number, etc. of the AE source signal.
- the signal processing unit 11 outputs information based on the extracted AE feature amount to the structure evaluation apparatus 20 as an AE signal.
- the AE signal output from the signal processing unit 11 includes information such as sensor ID, AE detection time, AE source signal amplitude, energy, rise time, and frequency.
- the amplitude of the AE source signal is, for example, a maximum amplitude value among elastic waves.
- the energy is, for example, a value obtained by time integration of the square of the amplitude at each time point.
- the definition of energy is not limited to the above example, and may be approximated using, for example, a waveform envelope.
- the rise time is, for example, a time T1 until the elastic wave rises from a zero value exceeding a predetermined value set in advance.
- the duration is, for example, the time from when the rise of the elastic wave starts until the amplitude becomes smaller than a preset value.
- the frequency is the frequency of the elastic wave.
- the zero cross count number is, for example, the number of times the elastic wave crosses a reference line passing through a zero value.
- the structure evaluation apparatus 20 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a memory, an auxiliary storage device, and the like connected by a bus, and executes an evaluation program. By executing the evaluation program, the structure evaluation apparatus 20 functions as an apparatus including the position locating unit 201, the evaluation unit 202, and the display unit 203. Note that all or part of each function of the structure evaluation apparatus 20 may be realized using hardware such as an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA). Good.
- ASIC application specific integrated circuit
- PLD programmable logic device
- FPGA field programmable gate array
- the evaluation program may be recorded on a computer-readable recording medium.
- the computer-readable recording medium is, for example, a portable medium such as a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk, a ROM, a CD-ROM, or a storage device such as a hard disk built in the computer system.
- the evaluation program may be transmitted / received via a telecommunication line.
- the position locating unit 201 receives the AE signal output from the signal processing unit 11 as an input. In addition, the position locating unit 201 stores in advance information related to the installation position of the AE sensor 10 in the structure (hereinafter referred to as “sensor position information”) in association with the sensor ID.
- the information regarding the installation position is, for example, latitude and longitude, or distances in the horizontal and vertical directions from a specific position of the structure.
- the position locating unit 201 locates the AE transmission source based on information such as sensor ID and AE detection time included in the input AE signal and sensor position information held in advance. For example, the position locating unit 201 performs position locating of each AE transmission source using a plurality of AE signals due to impacts on the structure.
- the impact on the structure is an impact caused by the collision of countless minute objects.
- Innumerable minute objects are objects generated by weather phenomena such as raindrops, hail, hail.
- the position location unit 201 derives a transmission source distribution using the position location result.
- the transmission source distribution represents a distribution in which AE transmission sources generated in the structure are shown.
- the position location unit 201 outputs the derived transmission source distribution to the evaluation unit 202.
- the evaluation unit 202 receives the source distribution output from the position location unit 201 as an input.
- the evaluation unit 202 evaluates the soundness of the structure based on the input source distribution. Specifically, based on the transmission source distribution, the evaluation unit 202 evaluates a region where the density of the AE transmission source is less than the first threshold as a region where the deterioration of the structure occurs.
- the evaluation unit 202 causes the display unit 203 to display the evaluation result.
- the first threshold value may be set in advance or may be set as appropriate.
- the display unit 203 is an image display device such as a liquid crystal display or an organic EL (Electro Luminescence) display.
- the display unit 203 displays the evaluation result according to the control of the evaluation unit 202.
- the display unit 203 may be an interface for connecting the image display device to the structure evaluation device 20. In this case, the display unit 203 generates a video signal for displaying the evaluation result, and outputs the video signal to an image display device connected to the display unit 203.
- Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the propagation of elastic waves due to rainfall.
- FIG. 2 when the raindrop 31 collides with the road surface 32, an elastic wave 33 is generated from the colliding position.
- the elastic wave 33 propagates through the floor slab and also to the lower surface.
- the elastic wave 33 having a sufficient amplitude until reaching the AE sensor 10 installed on the lower surface is detected by the AE sensor 10.
- the position locating unit 201 can specify the approximate collision position of the raindrop 31 by performing position locating on the elastic wave 33 generated by rain.
- the impact caused by the collision of the minute object is an impact applied to the surface (the road surface 32 in FIG. 2) opposite to the surface where the AE sensor 10 is installed.
- the elastic wave 33 generated by the raindrop 31 that collides with the road surface 32 is blocked by the crack, bypasses the crack, or attenuates. Therefore, it is difficult for the elastic wave 33 having a sufficient amplitude to reach the AE sensor 10 located immediately below the crack. Therefore, when the position location unit 201 performs position location of the AE transmission source on the lower surface of the floor slab having the large horizontal crack 34, the number of AE transmission sources to be localized decreases. Collisions of the raindrops 31 on the road surface 32 due to rainfall occur at a random and uniform frequency for the entire area.
- the elastic wave 33 is detected on the lower surface of the floor slab that does not have a large damage, and when the position of the AE transmission source is determined, the AE transmission source is uniformly distributed over the entire region.
- the density of the AE transmission source immediately below the damaged part is reduced.
- the structure evaluation apparatus 20 in the present embodiment evaluates the soundness of the structure based on such assumptions.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the transition of the number of generated elastic waves during a certain measurement period.
- the horizontal axis represents time (hour) during the measurement period, and the vertical axis represents the number of hits.
- the hit number is the number of detected elastic waves.
- the number of hits represents, for example, the number of detected elastic waves every 30 minutes.
- the number of hits in the measurement period from 0 hour to 120 hours is the number of detected elastic waves in normal times.
- the number of hits in the measurement period from 120 hours to 140 hours there is a period in which a large number of elastic waves 35 are observed compared to the number of generated elastic waves in the normal period (measurement period 0 hour to 120 hours). Yes (reference numeral 35 in FIG. 3).
- the AE sensor 10 is a highly sensitive piezoelectric sensor, it also detects elastic waves generated by factors that are not caused by damage to the floor slab, such as an impact on a structure due to rainfall. For this reason, rainfall or the like may become a noise source for damage detection using the AE sensor 10.
- the position locating unit 201 in the structure evaluation apparatus 20 includes an AE within a predetermined period including a time when a large amount of elastic waves as shown in FIG. 3 is detected (hereinafter referred to as “target time”).
- the source distribution is derived using the signals as a plurality of AE signals due to impacts on the structure. Whether or not a large amount of elastic waves has been detected is determined based on whether or not the elastic waves detected at a certain time are greater than or equal to a second threshold value. When the number of elastic waves detected at a certain time is equal to or greater than the second threshold, it is determined that a large amount of elastic waves has been detected.
- the second threshold value may be set in advance or may be set as appropriate.
- the predetermined period may be a predetermined time before and after the target time (for example, five minutes before and after), or may be a period before the target time if the target time is included. It may be a period after the target time.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a source distribution derived using an AE signal within a predetermined period.
- the horizontal axis and the vertical axis represent the horizontal length (mm) and the vertical length (mm) from a specific position of the structure to be evaluated.
- the AE of about 10 minutes during the rain in FIG. 3 (for example, about 10 minutes including the time (reference numeral 35) at which a large number of elastic waves 35 were observed during the measurement period of 120 to 130 hours).
- the result of locating the AE source using the signal is shown.
- the + mark in the figure represents the installation position of the AE sensor 10. While AE transmission sources are distributed over the entire region of the structure to be evaluated, almost no AE transmission sources are standardized in the central region 36.
- the evaluation unit 202 evaluates a region where the density of the AE transmission source is less than the first threshold (region 36 in FIG. 4) as a region where the deterioration of the structure occurs.
- the evaluation unit 202 may be any area as an evaluation target.
- the evaluation unit 202 may perform evaluation for each region surrounded by the four AE sensors 10, may perform evaluation for each region surrounded by four or more AE sensors 10, or may perform three AEs. Evaluation may be performed for each region surrounded by the sensor 10, or evaluation may be performed for each region for which a range is specified.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the flow of the evaluation process of the structure evaluation apparatus 20.
- the position location unit 201 acquires an AE signal within a predetermined period from a buffer (not shown) (step S101). That is, the position location unit 201 acquires an AE signal within a predetermined period including the target time from a buffer (not shown).
- the position location unit 201 performs position location of each AE transmission source using the acquired plurality of AE signals (step S102). Thereafter, the position location unit 201 derives a transmission source distribution based on the result of the position location (step S103).
- the position location unit 201 outputs the generated transmission source distribution to the evaluation unit 202.
- the evaluation unit 202 determines whether there is a region where the density of the AE transmission source is less than the first threshold, using the transmission source distribution output from the position location unit 201 (step S104). When there is a region where the density of the AE transmission source is less than the first threshold (step S104—YES), the evaluation unit 202 evaluates the region less than the first threshold as a region where the deterioration of the structure occurs (step S105). ). On the other hand, when there is no region where the density of the AE transmission source is less than the first threshold (step S104—NO), the evaluation unit 202 evaluates that there is no region where the structure is deteriorated (step S106).
- the evaluation unit 202 causes the display unit 203 to display the evaluation result.
- the evaluation unit 202 displays the evaluation result in a manner different from the other areas in the area where the source distribution is deteriorated. Examples of modes different from other areas include coloring an area where deterioration has occurred, surrounding the area with a circle, and displaying the area where deterioration has occurred in characters.
- the display unit 203 displays the evaluation result according to the control of the evaluation unit 202.
- the structure evaluation apparatus 20 derives a transmission source distribution including a large amount of AE transmission sources by using an AE signal due to an impact on the structure. And the structure evaluation apparatus 20 evaluates the area
- the structure evaluation apparatus 20 derives the source distribution by using the AE signal within a predetermined period including the target time as the AE signal due to the impact on the structure. Conventionally, measurement for several tens of hours has been required for evaluation. Compared to this, the method using the structure evaluation apparatus 20 can significantly reduce the required time by using only the AE signal within a predetermined period including the target time, and can perform the evaluation efficiently.
- the structure evaluation apparatus 20 may include only the evaluation unit 202, and the position locating unit 201 and the display unit 203 may be provided in another casing.
- the evaluation part 202 acquires transmission source distribution from another housing, and evaluates the soundness of a structure using the acquired transmission source distribution.
- the evaluation part 202 outputs an evaluation result to the display part 203 with which another housing is provided.
- the signal processing unit 11 may be provided in the structure evaluation apparatus 20. When configured in this manner, the signal processing unit 11 acquires the AE source signal that has been processed by the AE sensor 10 directly from the AE sensor 10 or via a relay device (not shown). In FIG. 1, one signal processing unit 11 is connected to a plurality of AE sensors 10-1 to 10-n. However, the structure evaluation system 100 includes a plurality of signal processing units 11, and each AE sensor 10 The signal processing unit 11 may be connected to each of the plurality of sensor units, and a plurality of sensor units may be provided. The evaluation unit 202 may be configured to derive the source distribution using the AE signal at the target time as the AE signal due to the impact on the structure.
- the evaluation unit 202 may operate as an output control unit.
- the output control unit controls the output unit and outputs an evaluation result.
- the output unit includes a display unit 203, a communication unit, and a printing unit.
- the output control unit controls the communication unit and transmits the evaluation result to another device.
- the output unit is a printing unit
- the output control unit controls the printing unit to print the evaluation result.
- the structure evaluation apparatus 20 may include the display unit 203, the communication unit, and a part or all of the printing unit as an output unit, and execute the above operation.
- the evaluation unit 202 may display the transmission source distribution on the display unit 203 in a contour diagram.
- the factors that cause an increase in the number of generated elastic waves need not be limited to the above example (meteorological phenomenon).
- the timing of measurement can be controlled by using a source of elastic waves generated by an impact generated by an artificial action such as drug spraying, watering, and numerous hits using a device. Therefore, diagnosis can be performed more efficiently.
- the timing at which the elastic wave is generated is known in advance, the trigger for informing the activation timing from the outside in accordance with the timing at which the structural evaluation system 100 is normally stopped and the elastic wave is generated. Operation with reduced power consumption is possible by inputting.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 are sequence diagrams showing the flow of processing of the structure evaluation system 100.
- FIG. 6 and 7 it is assumed that the AE sensor 10-1 is in operation and the AE sensor 10-2 is inactive at the start of processing. “Suspended” means that not all functions of the apparatus are suspended, but only functions related to activation are operating.
- the AE sensor 10-1 detects an elastic wave (AE wave) generated by the structure (step S201).
- the AE sensor 10-1 converts the detected elastic wave into a voltage signal (AE source signal), performs processing such as amplification and frequency limitation on the AE source signal, and outputs the signal to the signal processing unit 11 (step S202). .
- the signal processing unit 11 performs signal processing such as necessary noise removal and parameter extraction on the input AE source signal (step S203).
- the signal processing unit 11 outputs information based on the AE feature value extracted by performing the signal processing to the structure evaluation apparatus 20 as an AE signal (step S204). Steps S201 to S204 are repeatedly executed.
- the AE signal output from the signal processing unit 11 is accumulated in a buffer (not shown).
- the position location unit 201 detects a sudden increase in the number of generated elastic waves (step S206). For example, when the difference between the number of occurrences of elastic waves at the current time and the number of occurrences of elastic waves at the immediately preceding time exceeds the third threshold, the position location unit 201 increases the number of occurrences of elastic waves rapidly. Detect that occurred.
- the third threshold value may be set in advance or may be set as appropriate.
- the position location unit 201 notifies the signal processing unit 11 that a sudden increase in the number of generated elastic waves has been detected (step S206).
- the signal processing unit 11 receives the notification from the position location unit 201, the signal processing unit 11 transmits an activation signal to the AE sensor 10-2 that is suspended (step S207).
- the activation signal is a signal for instructing execution of activation processing.
- the AE sensor 10-2 executes the activation process (step S208). As a result, the AE sensor 10-2 changes from the rest to the operation.
- the AE sensor 10-1 detects an elastic wave (AE wave) generated by the structure (step S209).
- the AE sensor 10-1 converts the detected elastic wave into a voltage signal (AE source signal), performs processing such as amplification and frequency limitation on the AE source signal, and outputs the signal to the signal processing unit 11 (step S210).
- the signal processing unit 11 performs signal processing such as necessary noise removal and parameter extraction on the input AE source signal (step S211).
- the signal processing unit 11 outputs information based on the AE feature amount extracted by performing signal processing to the structure evaluation apparatus 20 as an AE signal (step S212). Steps S209 to S212 are repeatedly executed.
- the AE signal output from the signal processing unit 11 is accumulated in a buffer (not shown).
- the AE sensor 10-2 detects an elastic wave (AE wave) generated by the structure (step S213).
- the AE sensor 10-2 converts the detected elastic wave into a voltage signal (AE source signal), performs processing such as amplification and frequency limitation on the AE source signal, and outputs the signal to the signal processing unit 11 (step S214).
- the signal processing unit 11 performs signal processing such as necessary noise removal and parameter extraction on the input AE source signal (step S215).
- the signal processing unit 11 outputs information based on the AE feature amount extracted by performing signal processing to the structure evaluation apparatus 20 as an AE signal (step S216). Steps S213 to S216 are repeatedly executed.
- the AE signal output from the signal processing unit 11 is accumulated in a buffer (not shown).
- the position location unit 201 acquires an AE signal within a predetermined period including the target time from a buffer (not shown). The position location unit 201 performs position location of each AE transmission source using the acquired AE signal (step S217). Thereafter, the position location unit 201 derives a transmission source distribution based on the result of the position location (step S218). The position location unit 201 outputs the derived transmission source distribution to the evaluation unit 202. The evaluation unit 202 performs evaluation using the transmission source distribution output from the position location unit 201 (step S219). Since the evaluation method is the same as the above method, it is omitted. The evaluation unit 202 causes the display unit 203 to display the evaluation result. The display unit 203 displays the evaluation result according to the control of the evaluation unit 202 (step S220). By being configured as described above, it is not necessary that all the AE sensors 10 are always operating. Therefore, power consumption can be reduced.
- the AE sensor 10 may be configured to be activated when a part or all of the AE sensor 10 is at rest and a minute object is detected by a device such as a rain gauge, a camera, or a microphone. Further, for example, based on weather information such as rainfall, temperature, and humidity in the vicinity of the measurement area, it is possible to operate the AE sensor 10 at a time when an event due to an impact on the structure is expected to occur. is there.
- a plurality of AE sensors 10 that detect elastic waves generated from a structure, and signal processing is performed on the elastic waves detected by the AE sensor 10 to generate an AE signal.
- a signal processing unit 11 to output, a position locating unit 201 for deriving a source distribution using an AE signal due to an impact on the structure, and a predetermined density of the structure from the density of the AE source obtained based on the source distribution.
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Abstract
Description
一般的に、橋梁のコンクリート床版において、水平ひび割れといった床版内部の損傷は、従来の非破壊検査で検出することが非常に困難であるが、AEセンサによって取得されたデータの分析により内部の損傷を推定することができる。しかし、橋梁等にAEセンサを設置し、損傷の推定に十分なデータを得るには長い時間を要してしまう。そのため、コンクリート内部の評価を効率的に行えない場合があった。なお、このような問題は、橋梁のコンクリート床版に限らず亀裂の発生または進展に伴い弾性波が発生する構造物すべてに共通する問題である。
図1は、実施形態の構造物評価システム100のシステム構成を示す図である。構造物評価システム100は、構造物の健全性の評価に用いられる。なお、本実施形態では、構造物の一例として橋梁を例に説明するが、構造物は橋梁に限定される必要はない。例えば、構造物は、亀裂の発生または進展、あるいは外的衝撃(例えば雨、人工雨など)に伴い弾性波が発生する構造物であればどのようなものであってもよい。なお、橋梁は、河川や渓谷などの上に架設される構造物に限らず、地面よりも上方に設けられる種々の構造物(例えば高速道路の高架橋)なども含む。
弾性波に関する情報とは、例えば、AE源信号の振幅、エネルギー、立ち上がり時間、持続時間、周波数、ゼロクロスカウント数などの情報である。信号処理部11は、抽出したAE特徴量に基づく情報をAE信号として構造物評価装置20に出力する。信号処理部11が出力するAE信号には、センサID、AE検知時刻、AE源信号振幅、エネルギー、立ち上り時間および周波数などの情報が含まれる。
立ち上がり時間は、例えば弾性波がゼロ値から予め設定される所定値を超えて立ち上がるまでの時間T1である。持続時間は、例えば弾性波の立ち上がり開始から振幅が予め設定される値よりも小さくなるまでの時間である。周波数は、弾性波の周波数である。ゼロクロスカウント数は、例えばゼロ値を通る基準線を弾性波が横切る回数である。
コンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体とは、例えばフレキシブルディスク、光磁気ディスク、ROM、CD-ROM等の可搬媒体、コンピュータシステムに内蔵されるハードディスク等の記憶装置である。また、評価プログラムは、電気通信回線を介して送受信されてもよい。
位置標定部201は、所定の期間内のAE信号を不図示のバッファから取得する(ステップS101)。すなわち、位置標定部201は、対象時刻を含む所定の期間内のAE信号を不図示のバッファから取得する。位置標定部201は、取得した複数のAE信号を用いて、それぞれAE発信源の位置標定を行う(ステップS102)。その後、位置標定部201は、位置標定の結果に基づいて発信源分布を導出する(ステップS103)。
一方、AE発信源の密度が第一の閾値未満の領域がない場合(ステップS104-NO)、評価部202は構造物の劣化が生じている領域がないと評価する(ステップS106)。評価部202は、評価結果を表示部203に表示させる。例えば、評価部202は、発信源分布において劣化が生じている領域を他の領域と異なる態様で評価結果を表示させる。他の領域と異なる態様としては、劣化が生じている領域を色付けすること、円などで囲むこと、劣化が生じている領域を文字で表示させるなどが挙げられる。表示部203は、評価部202の制御に従って、評価結果を表示する。
構造物評価装置20は、構造物への衝撃によるAE信号を用いることで、大量のAE発信源を含む発信源分布を導出する。そして、構造物評価装置20は、発信源分布に基づいて、AE発信源の密度が第一の閾値未満の領域を構造物の劣化が生じている領域と評価する。このように、従来ではノイズ源となってしまうデータを利用することによって効率的に構造物の評価を行うことが可能になる。
構造物評価装置20が備える各機能部は、一部又は全てが別の筺体に備えられていてもよい。例えば、構造物評価装置20が評価部202のみを備えて、位置標定部201および表示部203が別の筺体に備えられてもよい。このように構成される場合、評価部202は、発信源分布を別の筺体から取得し、取得した発信源分布を用いて構造物の健全性を評価する。そして、評価部202は、評価結果を別の筺体が備える表示部203に出力する。
このように構成されることによって、発信源分布の導出に既存の装置を用いることによって、構造物評価装置20の製造コストを抑えることができる。
図1では、複数のAEセンサ10-1~10-nに1台の信号処理部11が接続されているが、構造物評価システム100は複数台の信号処理部11を備え、各AEセンサ10にそれぞれ信号処理部11が接続されて複数台のセンサユニットを備えるように構成されてもよい。
評価部202は、対象時刻のAE信号を、構造物への衝撃によるAE信号として用いて発信源分布を導出するように構成されてもよい。
評価部202は、発信源分布をコンター図で表示部203に表示させてもよい。
図6及び図7は、構造物評価システム100の処理の流れを示すシーケンス図である。
なお、図6及び図7において、処理開始時にはAEセンサ10-1が稼働中で、AEセンサ10-2が休止中であるとする。休止中とは、装置の全ての機能が休止しているわけではなく、起動に関わる機能のみ動作している状態を表す。
AEセンサ10-1は、構造物が発生する弾性波(AE波)を検出する(ステップS201)。AEセンサ10-1は、検出した弾性波を電圧信号(AE源信号)に変換し、AE源信号に対して増幅、周波数制限などの処理を施して信号処理部11に出力する(ステップS202)。信号処理部11は、入力したAE源信号に対して、必要とされるノイズ除去、パラメータ抽出などの信号処理を行う(ステップS203)。信号処理部11は、信号処理を行うことによって抽出されるAE特徴量に基づく情報をAE信号として構造物評価装置20に出力する(ステップS204)。ステップS201~ステップS204の処理が繰り返し実行される。信号処理部11から出力されたAE信号は、不図示のバッファに蓄積される。
AEセンサ10-1は、構造物が発生する弾性波(AE波)を検出する(ステップS209)。AEセンサ10-1は、検出した弾性波を電圧信号(AE源信号)に変換し、AE源信号に対して増幅、周波数制限などの処理を施して信号処理部11に出力する(ステップS210)。信号処理部11は、入力したAE源信号に対して、必要とされるノイズ除去、パラメータ抽出などの信号処理を行う(ステップS211)。信号処理部11は、信号処理を行うことによって抽出されるAE特徴量に基づく情報をAE信号として構造物評価装置20に出力する(ステップS212)。ステップS209~ステップS212の処理が繰り返し実行される。信号処理部11から出力されたAE信号は、不図示のバッファに蓄積される。
以上のように構成されることによって、常時、全てのAEセンサ10が稼働している必要がない。そのため、消費電力を低減することができる。
Claims (11)
- 構造物より発生した弾性波を検出する複数のAEセンサと、
前記AEセンサによって検出された前記弾性波に対して信号処理を行うことによって前記弾性波に関する情報を含むAE信号を出力する信号処理部と、
前記構造物への衝撃によるAE信号を用いて、前記構造物で発生した前記弾性波の発信源の分布を表す発信源分布を導出する位置標定部と、
前記発信源分布に基づいて得られる前記弾性波の発信源の密度から前記構造物の所定領域の劣化状態を評価する評価部と、
を備える構造物評価システム。 - 前記評価部は、前記弾性波の発信源の密度が第一の閾値未満の領域を前記構造物の劣化が生じている領域と評価する、請求項1に記載の構造物評価システム。
- 前記位置標定部は、第二の閾値以上の数の弾性波が検出された時刻のAE信号又は前記時刻を含む所定の期間内のAE信号を、前記構造物への衝撃によるAE信号として用いることによって前記発信源分布を導出する、請求項1又は2に記載の構造物評価システム。
- 前記構造物への衝撃は、無数の微小物体の衝突により生じる衝撃である、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の構造物評価システム。
- 前記微小物体は、雨滴、ひょう、あられなどの気象現象により発生する物体である、請求項4に記載の構造物評価システム。
- 前記微小物体の衝突により生じる衝撃は、散水や打撃などの人工的な行為により発生する衝撃である、請求項4に記載の構造物評価システム。
- 前記微小物体の衝突により生じる衝撃は、前記AEセンサを設置した面に相対する面へ加わる衝撃である、請求項4から6のいずれか一項に記載の構造物評価システム。
- 前記AEセンサの一部が休止状態であり、
前記信号処理部は、第三の閾値以上の弾性波が検出された場合に前記休止状態のAEセンサを起動させる、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の構造物評価システム。 - 前記AEセンサの一部又は全てが休止状態であり、
前記信号処理部は、前記構造物への衝撃に起因する事象の発生が予想される時刻に前記休止状態のAEセンサを起動させる、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の構造物評価システム。 - 構造物より発生した弾性波を検出する複数のAEセンサによって検出された前記弾性波に対して信号処理を行うことによって前記弾性波に関する情報を含むAE信号のうち、前記構造物への衝撃によるAE信号を用いて、前記構造物で発生した前記弾性波の発信源の分布を表す発信源分布を導出する位置標定部と、
前記発信源分布に基づいて得られる前記弾性波の発信源の密度から前記構造物の所定領域の劣化状態を評価する評価部と、
を備える構造物評価装置。 - 構造物より発生した弾性波を検出する複数のAEセンサによって検出された前記弾性波に対して信号処理を行うことによって前記弾性波に関する情報を含むAE信号を出力する信号処理ステップと、
前記構造物への衝撃によるAE信号を用いて、前記構造物で発生した前記弾性波の発信源の分布を表す発信源分布を導出する位置標定ステップと、
前記発信源分布に基づいて得られる前記弾性波の発信源の密度から前記構造物の所定領域の劣化状態を評価する評価ステップと、
を有する構造物評価方法。
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