Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F22—STEAM GENERATION
  • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
  • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
  • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
  • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
  • F22B37/101—Tubes having fins or ribs
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
  • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
  • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
  • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
  • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
  • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
  • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
  • F28F1/32—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
  • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
  • F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
  • F28D21/0005—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases for domestic or space-heating systems
  • F28D21/0007—Water heaters
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
  • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
  • F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
  • F28D21/001—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases for thermal power plants or industrial processes
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
  • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
  • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
  • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
  • F28F1/30—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means being attachable to the element
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
  • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
  • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
  • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
  • F28F1/32—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
  • F28F1/325—Fins with openings

Definitions

• the invention relates to a fin for a boiler tube arrangement comprising a number of boiler tubes extending along each other, which fin is arranged to extend perpendicular to a length of the boiler tubes.
• the invention also relates to an assembly comprising two such fins and a boiler tube arrangement including a first boiler tube.
• Boilers are well-known and used in many different heat exchange applications, for example in waste heat recovery applications.
• a known waste heat recovery boiler used after e.g. a diesel engine to recover heat from the exhaust gases from the diesel engine, comprises a closed vessel and a number of tubes extending along each other inside the vessel.
• a medium such as water
• exhaust gas from the diesel engine is fed through the vessel and thus around the tubes, whereby heat is transferred from the exhaust gas to the medium inside the tubes.
• the tubes may be provided with surface enlarging elements in the form of fins attached to the tubes.
• the fins are formed as rectangular plates provided with voids for receiving the tubes. Even if such fins are widely used and fill their desired purpose, there is still room for improvements.
• An object of the present invention is to provide a fin for a boiler tube arrangement which is improved as compared to prior art fins.
• the basic concept of the invention is to provide a fin with a unique, advantageous shape enabling all parts of the fin to contribute considerably to increased heat transfer efficiency, and enabling manufacturing of fins with little waste or scrap.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved assembly comprising such fins and a boiler tube arrangement.
• a fin according to the present invention is for a boiler tube arrangement comprising a number of boiler tubes extending along each other.
• a longitudinal center axis of the fin is arranged to extend perpendicular to a length of the boiler tubes, and the fin comprises an inner edge and an outer edge.
• the fin is characterized in that a contour of the inner edge is similar or essentially identical to a contour of the outer edge, each of the contours of the inner and outer edges defining a number of ridges and a number of valleys.
• the ridges and valleys are alternately arranged and connected to each other at transitions being half way between a highest point and a lowest point of the connected ridge and valley, respectively.
• the valleys defined by the inner edge are each arranged to receive, and extend 180 degrees or less around a respective one of the boiler tubes, or a longitudinal center axis of a respective one of the boiler tubes, to only partly enclose said respective one of the boiler tubes.
• each of the valleys is arranged to extend on one side only of a central extension plane dividing said respective one of the boiler tubes lengthwise in half.
• ridges and valleys are used herein to specify the shape of the fin with reference to longitudinal axes of the fin extending between the ridges and valleys of the inner and outer edges when the fin has a certain orientation.
• the valleys are in fact ridges, while the ridges, in fact, are valleys.
• a valley and a ridge of the fin when this has said certain orientation will be referred to as a valley and a ridge irrespective of the orientation of the fin.
• the number of boiler tubes of the boiler tube arrangement can be one or more. Further, the number of valleys defined by each of the inner and outer edges can be one or more. Similarly, the number of ridges defined by each of the inner and outer edges can be one or more.
• the fin has an extension perpendicular to a length of the boiler tubes.
• the fin could be arranged to extend obliquely to the length of the boiler tubes, i.e. to have an extension both perpendicular to, and along, the length of the boiler tubes.
• the ridges defined by the inner fin edge fit into, and fill out, the ridges defined by the outer fin edge, while the valleys defined by the outer fin edge fits into, and fill out, the valleys defined by the inner fin edge.
• two similar fins fit into each other when the inner edge of one of the fins faces the outer edge of the other one of the fins.
• a plurality of fins according to the present invention can be manufactured in a very material efficient way by being cut out of a sheet, typically a metal sheet, with minimal waste.
• similar or essentially identical is meant that the inner and outer edges need not be 100% identical but similar enough such as to enable fin interfitting.
• an inner fin edge having a small recess or similar is similar or essentially identical with an outer fin edge lacking such a recess.
• the contour of the inner edge may also be identical to the contour of the outer edge.
• Portions of the fin more distant to the tube will contribute less to the heat transfer than portions of the fin more closer to the tube.
• the extension of the fin may be adapted to a distance from the tube such that all portions of the fin may contribute considerably to the heat transfer. Consequently, the fin can be made less material consuming, and thus lighter, and more compact, and it may still contribute considerably to the heat transfer.
• the valleys, or more particularly contours of the valleys may be non- uniform with, i.e. have a different shape than, the ridges, or more particularly contours of the ridges.
• the valleys may be received in, but will not fill out, the ridges, and vice versa. Consequently, two similar fins do not fit into each other when the outer edge of one of the fins faces the outer edge of the other one of the fins, or the inner edge of one of the fins faces the inner edge of the other one of the fins. Instead, a distance between the two fins will be varying. This may be advantageous as regards heat transfer efficiency, as will be further discussed below.
• the shape of the fin is discussed with reference primarily to the inner fin edge. However, since the contours of the inner and outer fin edges are similar or essentially identical, the below discussion is at least in part applicable also as regards the outer fin edge.
• the fin may be such that a first one of the valleys defined by the contour of the inner edge and having a bottom, is arranged between first and second ones of the ridges defined by the contour of the inner edge and having a respective top. Further, the second ridge may be arranged between the first valley and a second valley defined by the contour of the inner edge. Thus, the fin may be such that a first one of the valleys defined by the contour of the inner edge, which first valley has a bottom, is arranged between two of the ridges defined by the contour of the inner edge. Further, a second one of the ridges defined by the contour of the inner edge, which second ridge has a top, may be arranged between two of the valleys defined by the contour of the inner edge. Such an embodiment means that the number of valleys, just like the number of ridges, defined by the inner fin edge is at least two.
• a contour of the first valley may be shorter than a contour of the second ridge. This is a straight-forward way of achieving the above mentioned non- uniformity between the valleys and the ridges.
• the fin may be such that the first valley has a symmetry axis extending perpendicular to the longitudinal center axis of the fin. Further, also the second ridge may have a symmetry axis extending perpendicular to the longitudinal center axis of the fin. This may facilitate and provide for an optimized fitting of the respective boiler tube in the first valley.
• the top of the second ridge may be plane and defined by a first straight portion of the inner edge.
• the bottom of the first valley may be plane and defined by a second straight portion of the inner edge.
• the fin may be such that the bottom of the first valley and the top of the second ridge are plane and defined by respective straight portions of the inner edge. These straight portions may, or may not, extend parallel to the longitudinal center axis of the fin.
• the first valley may also be rounded. This may be advantageous as regards engagement between the fin and the respective one of the boiler tubes, especially in the case of boiler tubes having a rounded outside, since an increased fin-boiler tube contact surface thereby may be enabled.
• the first valley may be defined by an at least partly waffled, toothed or ribbed third portion of the inner edge.
• the above second portion of the inner edge may form part of the third portion wherein the third portion will comprise straight or plane, as well as waffled, portions.
• a waffled portion of the inner edge may be advantageous as regards heat transfer efficiency, as will be further discussed below.
• a flank connecting the bottom of the first valley and the top of the second ridge may be defined by an at least partly straight portion of the inner edge. This flank forms part of both the first valley and the second ridge.
• the fin may be such that a distance between two adjacent ones of the transitions defining the second ridge, i.e. between which transitions the second ridge extends, is greater than a distance between two adjacent ones of the transitions defining the first valley, i.e. between which transitions the first valley extends.
• An assembly according to the present invention comprises a boiler tube arrangement including a first boiler tube and first and second fins of the type described above.
• the first and second fins extend perpendicular to a
• each of the first and second fins faces, and only partly encloses, the first boiler tube.
• the first boiler tube is received in a respective one of the valleys defined by the inner edges of the first and second fins.
• said respective ones of the valleys defined by the inner edges of the first and second fins are arranged on opposite sides of the first boiler tube and each extend 180 degrees or less around a longitudinal center axis of the first boiler tube, to receive, and together enclose, at least partly, the first boiler tube.
• first fin and/or the second fin could extend obliquely to the longitudinal center axis of the first boiler tube, i.e. they could have an extension both perpendicular to, and along, the length of the first boiler tube.
• first and second fins face each other and enclose together, at least partly, the first boiler tube.
• the outer edge of one or both of the first and second fins may be arranged to face the outer edge of another adjacent fin, as in the below described embodiment.
• the assembly may be such that the boiler tube arrangement further includes a third boiler tube extending along the first boiler tube and third and fourth fins of the types described above.
• the third and fourth fins may extend perpendicular to a longitudinal center axis of the third boiler tube on opposite sides of the third boiler tube.
• the inner edge of each of the third and fourth fins may face, and only partly enclose, the third boiler tube, and the third boiler tube may be received in a respective one of the valleys defined by the inner edges of the third and fourth fins.
• said respective ones of the valleys defined by the inner edges of the third and fourth fins are arranged on opposite sides of the third boiler tube and each extend 180 degrees or less around a longitudinal center axis of the third boiler tube, to receive, and together enclose, at least partly, the third boiler tube.
• one of the valleys defined by the outer edge of the third fin may be received in one of the ridges defined by the outer edge of the second fin, and one of the valleys defined by the outer edge of the second fin may be received in one of the ridges defined by the outer edge of the third fin.
• the wave shape of the fins enables a staggered arrangement of the boiler tubes and a compact assembly since adjacent pairs of fins may be received in each other.
• the conventional rectangular fins do not enable such a compact assembly.
• the assembly may be such that the second fin partly enclosing the first boiler tube and the third fin partly enclosing the third boiler tube are separated from each other. Thereby, a medium flow between the second and third fins, resulting in increased flow turbulence and thus improved heat transfer, is enabled. Further, such a separation may facilitate cleaning of the fins, e.g. removal of soot deposits from the fins originating from exhaust gas.
• the distance between them may vary or be constant along their lengths.
• a distance between the outer edge of the second fin and the outer edge of the third fin is varying along the outer edges of the second and third fins.
• Such a distance variation may be achieved with second and third fins as described above, i.e. second and third fins the valleys and ridges of which are non-uniform with each other.
• the distance variation between the second and third fins may result in an increased flow turbulence and thus improved heat transfer.
• the assembly may be such that the first and seconds fins enclosing the first boiler tube are separated from each other by a predetermined distance. Thereby, the first boiler tube is not completely enclosed by the first and second fins. This enables a medium flow between the first and second fins, resulting in increased flow turbulence and thus improved heat transfer. Further, this may facilitate cleaning of the fins and the first boiler tube.
• an outer contour of the first boiler tube at the first and second fins, and a space for receiving the first boiler tube between the first and second fins, defined by the inner edges of the first and second fins are non-uniform, i.e. have different shapes. Thereby, areas of no contact between the first and second fins and the first boiler tube may be guaranteed which may facilitate cleaning. For example, such non- uniformity may be obtained, as mentioned above, by the first boiler tube having a circular outer contour or cross section, and the space for receiving the first boiler tube being at least partly delimited by straight portions of the inner fin edges.
• the first and second fins may engage with the first boiler tube in engagement points which are separated from each other. Thereby, areas of no contact between the first and second fins and the first boiler tube may be guaranteed which may facilitate cleaning.
• Fig. 1 is a top view of a metal sheet for producing fins
• Fig. 2 is a top view of a fin
• Fig. 3 is a top view of an assembly
• Fig. 4 is a top view of a metal sheet for producing fins of an alternative design
• Fig. 5 is a top view of the fin of the alternative design.
• Fig. 6 is a top view of an assembly of an alternative design. Detailed description
• a metal sheet 2 is shown from which four identical fins 4 can be obtained by cutting the sheet along lines 6.
• the fins obtained are wave-shaped, more particularly, they have a wave-shaped inner edge 8 and a wave-shaped outer edge 10, which inner and outer edges have identical contours.
• One of the fins is shown separately in Fig. 2 from which it is clear that the inner edge 8 of each fin 4 defines a first valley 12, a second valley 14, a first ridge 16, a second ridge 18 and a third ridge 20.
• the first valley 12 is arranged between the first and second ridges 16 and 18, the second valley 14 is arranged between the second and third ridges 18 and 20 and the second ridge 18 is arranged between the first and second valleys 12 and 14.
• a transition P between a ridge and an adjacent valley is half way between a highest point H of the ridge and a lowest point L of the valley.
• the first and second valleys 12 and 14 are identical and the first and third ridges 16 and 20 are identical to a respective part of the second ridge 18.
• each fin 4 defines a first valley 22, a second valley 24, a first ridge 26, a second ridge 28 and a third ridge 30.
• the first valley 22 is arranged between the first and second ridges 26 and 28
• the second valley 24 is arranged between the second and third ridges 28 and 30
• the second ridge 28 is arranged between the first and second valleys 22 and 24.
• a transition P' between a ridge and an adjacent valley is half way between a highest point H' of the ridge and a lowest point L' of the valley.
• the first and second valleys 22 and 24 are identical and the first and third ridges 26 and 30 are identical to a respective part of the second ridge 28.
• the transitions P for the inner edge 8 are arranged along an imaginary straight line I and the transitions P' for the outer edge 10 are arranged along an imaginary straight line ⁇ .
• a longitudinal center axis C of the fin is arranged half way between the imaginary straight lines I and I'.
• the first valleys 12, 22 and the second valleys 14, 24 each has a symmetry axis S extending perpendicular to the longitudinal center axis C of the fin 4.
• the second ridges 18 and 28 each has a symmetry axis R extending perpendicular to the longitudinal center axis C of the fin 4.
• the first valleys 12, 22 and the second valleys 14, 24 each have a plane bottom B and B', respectively, extending parallel to the longitudinal center axis C of the fin.
• the first ridges 16, 26, the second ridges 18, 28 and the third ridges 20, 30 each has a plane top T and T, respectively, extending parallel to the longitudinal center axis C of the fin.
• flanks F and F' connecting the tops and bottoms of the ridges and valleys of the inner and outer fin edges each comprises a straight portion.
• the shape of the valleys 12, 14, 22 and 24 is different from the shape of the ridges 16, 18, 20, 26, 28 and 30 in that the ridges are less “sharp” or less “acute” than the valleys, a distance between two adjacent ones of the transitions defining one of the ridges is greater than a distance between two adjacent ones of the transitions defining one of the valleys, and a contour of the ridges is longer than a contour of the valleys.
• an area A1 delimited by the imaginary straight line ⁇ and the contour of the first valley 22 is smaller than an area A2 delimited by the imaginary straight line ⁇ and the contour of the second ridge 28.
• the lines 6 each defines the inner edge 8 of one fin 4 and the outer edge 10 of an adjacent fin 4. Since the inner and outer edges 8 and 10 have identical contours, the fins 4 fit perfectly into each other when the inner edge 8 of one fin faces the outer edge 10 of an adjacent fin, the valleys 22 and 24 defined by the outer edge of said adjacent fin are received in the valleys 12 and 14, respectively, defined by the inner edge of said one fin, and the ridges 16, 18 and 20 defined by the inner edge of said one fin are received in the ridges 26, 28 and 30, respectively, defined by the outer edge of said adjacent fin. Thus, the fins 4 can be cut out of the sheet 2 with a minimum of waste material.
• FIG. 3 an assembly 32 is shown which comprises a boiler tube arrangement of a number of parallel boiler tubes and the same number of fins 4 of the above described type.
• the assembly 32 is comprised in a waste heat recovery boiler (not illustrated in its entirety) of the initially described type, whereby water is fed inside the boiler tubes and exhaust gas is fed outside the boiler tubes to transfer heat from the exhaust gas to the water.
• the boiler tubes are pairwise arranged between two opposing ones of the fins.
• first and second boiler tubes 34 and 36 which are separated from each other in an x dimension by a certain distance, are arranged between first and second fins 4a and 4b, and third and fourth boiler tubes 38 and 40, which are separated from each other in the x dimension by said certain distance, are arranged between third and fourth fins 4c and 4d.
• the first and second fins 4a and 4b are thus arranged, aligned with each other in dimensions z and y, on opposite sides of the first and second boiler tubes 34 and 36, with their respective longitudinal center axes C (Fig. 2) extending parallel to each other and perpendicular to longitudinal center axes A of the first and second boiler tubes. Further, the first and second fins 4a and 4b are separated from each other by a predetermined distance in a y dimension and so arranged that their inner edges 8 face each other.
• the first boiler tube 34 is received in a space defined by the first valley 12 of the first fin 4a and the second valley 14 of the second fin 4b, while the second boiler tube 36 is received in a space defined by the second valley 14 of the first fin 4a and the first valley 12 of the second fin 4b.
• the first and second boiler tubes 34 and 36 are partly enclosed by the first and second fins 4a and 4b.
• the first and second boiler tubes are welded to the inner edges of the first and second fins 4a and 4b in welding points 42, here six per boiler tube, distributed around the first and second boiler tubes.
• the third and fourth fins 4c and 4d are arranged, aligned with each other in dimensions z and y, on opposite sides of the third and fourth boiler tubes 38 and 40, with their respective longitudinal center axes C extending parallel to each other and perpendicular to longitudinal center axes A of the third and fourth boiler tubes. Further, the third and fourth fins 4c and 4d are separated from each other by a predetermined distance in the y dimension and so arranged that their inner edges 8 face each other.
• the third boiler tube 38 is received in a space defined by the first valley 12 of the third fin 4c and the second valley 14 of the fourth fin 4d, while the fourth boiler tube 40 is received in a space defined by the second valley 14 of the third fin 4c and the first valley 12 of the fourth fin 4d.
• the third and fourth boiler tubes 38 and 40 are partly enclosed by the third and fourth fins 4c and 4d.
• the third and fourth boiler tubes are welded to the inner edges of the third and fourth fins 4c and 4d in welding points 42, here six per boiler tube, distributed around the third and fourth boiler tubes.
• the first, second, third and fourth boiler tubes 34, 36, 38 and 40 all have the same round shape or contour, i.e. the same circular cross section. Further, the spaces formed by the first, second, third and fourth fins 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d for receiving the boiler tubes all have, because of the partly straight portions of the inner edges defining the valleys, the same edgy shape. Because of this difference in shape, the boiler tubes will not contact the respective fins all around their outer surface.
• the boiler tubes will be separated from the respective fins in areas 44, 46 between the welding points, wherein each of the areas 44 is formed between one of the fins and one of the boiler tubes while each of the areas 46 is formed between the fins of one of the fin pairs and one of the boiler tubes.
• This fin-boiler tube separation results in an increased exhaust gas flow turbulence around the boiler tubes and the fins, and thus an increased heat transfer from the exhaust gas to the water fed through the boiler tubes.
• the first, second, third and fourth fins 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d are so arranged that their longitudinal center axes C extend parallel to each other. Further, the fin pairs 4a + 4b and 4c + 4d are aligned with each other in the z dimension and the outer edge 10 of the second fin 4b faces the outer edge 10 of the third fin 4c.
• the third and fourth boiler tubes 38 and 40 are displaced from the first and second boiler tubes 34 and 36 in the x dimension such that the fourth boiler tube 40 is arranged halfway between the first and second boiler tubes 34 and 36, and the first boiler tube 34 is arranged halfway between the third and fourth boiler tubes 38 and 40. Accordingly, the fin pairs 4a + 4b and 4c + 4d have a staggered arrangement.
• staggered arrangement is meant that the fin pairs are not aligned with each other, but rather displaced, in the y dimension. More particularly, the first valley 22 defined by the outer edge of the third fin 4c is received in the third ridge 30 defined by the outer edge of the second fin 4b, the first valley 24 defined by the outer edge of the second fin 4b is received in the second ridge 28 defined by the outer edge of the third fin 4c, the second valley 24 defined by the outer edge of the third fin 4c is received in the second ridge 28 defined by the outer edge of the second fin 4b and the first valley 22 defined by the outer edge of the second fin 4b is received in the third ridge 30 defined by the outer edge of the third fin 4c.
• the valleys of the second fin are received in the ridges of the third fin while the valleys of the third fin are received in the ridges of the second fin.
• the second and third fins 4b and 4c are arranged separated from each other. Since the ridges and valleys have different shapes, the distance between the second and third fins, and more particularly the outer edges thereof, varies along the longitudinal center axis C of the second and third fins. This varying distance results in an increased exhaust gas flow turbulence around the boiler tubes and fins, and thus an increased heat transfer from the exhaust gas to the water fed through the boiler tubes.
• the rest of the assembly is configured in a way corresponding to the above described why a description thereof is unnecessary.
• a fin according to an alternative embodiment of the invention, and an assembly comprising a plurality of such fins, will now be described with reference to Figs. 4-6.
• Much of the description given above for the fin and assembly according to the first embodiment of the invention is valid also for the fin and assembly according to the alternative embodiment, and to avoid undue repetition, the following description is focused on the features differing between the two embodiments. Further, the same reference numerals have been used for similar/corresponding features of the two embodiments.
• the first valleys 12, 22 and the second valleys 14, 24 of the fin 4 are rounded. Further, each of them is defined by a waffled portion 48 of the inner and outer edges 8 and 10, respectively, of the fin 4, which waffled portion defines spikes or projections or teeth.
• the first ridges 16, 26, the second ridges 18, 28 and the third ridges 20, 30 each has a plane top T and T, respectively, extending parallel to the longitudinal center axis C of the fin. Further, the first ridges 16, 26, the second ridges 18, 28 and the third ridges 20, 30 comprise waffled flank portions f and f at the transitions to the adjacent valleys and connecting to the waffled portions 48 thereof.
• the waffled flank portions define spikes or projections or teeth.
• Fig. 6 illustrates an assembly 32 comprising a boiler tube arrangement of a number of parallel boiler tubes and the same number of fins 4 according to the alternative embodiment of the present invention.
• the fins 4 are, along their inner edges 8, welded to the boiler tubes.
• the spikes or projections or teeth along the inner edges 8 of the fins 4 melt wherein continuous welds 50 extending along the complete valleys and the flank portions f of the ridges along the inner edges 8 of the fins are formed.
• continuous welds enables an increased contact surface and thus heat transfer between the fins and the boiler tubes and also a reliable fastening of the fins to the boiler tubes.
• the valleys 12, 14, 22, 24 of the fins 4 are rounded while the ridges 16, 18, 20, 26, 28, 30 have plane tops.
• the distance between two adjacent fins partly surrounding different boiler tubes, such as the second and third fins 4b and 4c, will be varying even more than in the assembly illustrated in Fig. 3. This will result in an even larger exhaust gas flow turbulence around the boiler tubes and fins, and thus an even larger heat transfer from the exhaust gas to the water fed through the boiler tubes.
• the spikes or projections along the outer edges of the fins will further increase the exhaust gas flow turbulence and thus the heat transfer.
• the fins and the assembly according to the present invention can be used in other types of boilers than waste heat recovery boilers, and for heating, evaporating or superheating other media than water by means of another heat source than exhaust gas.
• the fins and the assembly according to the present invention can be used in connection with gas turbines or combustion units such as burners.
• the distance between the fins 4b and 4c in Fig. 3 may be in the range of 1 -20 mm, but other distances are naturally conceivable. The distance may inter alia be dependent upon the dimensions of the fins and the boiler tubes.
• the boiler tubes are attached to the fins by welding.
• other attachment methods such as brazing or gluing are possible.
• the number of welding points between the fins and the boiler tubes need not be six per boiler tube like above but could be less or more than six.
• the fins of each pair could be attached to each other and the boiler tubes fixed to the fins by friction only.
• the above described fins are each provided with two valleys and three ridges along each of the inner and other edges.
• the number of ridges and valleys could be less or more than three and two, respectively.
• the inner and outer edges of each fin could define two ridges only and one valley arranged between the ridges. A pair of such fins could be arranged to enclose one boiler tube only.
• the number of fins cooperating to enclose one or more boiler tubes could be more than two.
• a fin configured according to the figures, i.e. arranged to partly enclose two boiler tubes, could be arranged to cooperate with two fins arranged to partly enclose a respective one of the two boiler tubes.
• the valleys defined by the inner fin edge need not be identical, just like the valleys defined by the outer fin edge. Further, the inner and outer edges of the fins need not comprise straight portions but could be curved through-out. Also, the boiler tubes could have another cross-section than that illustrated in the figures.
• the ridges are less “sharp” than the valleys and a contour of the ridges is longer than the contour of the valleys.
• the fin could be designed in alternative ways, for example with valleys being less “sharp” than the ridges and a contour of the valleys being longer than a contour of the ridges.
• the fins and boiler tubes could be made of any suitable material, such as carbon steel, stainless steel or aluminum. Further, the fins need not be solid but could comprise apertures to further increase the flow turbulence.
• the fins of a pair need not be aligned in the y and z dimensions.
• the fins of a pair may be displaced in relation to each other so as to not be aligned in the y dimension and/or the z dimension.
• each of the boiler tubes is enclosed by the first valley defined by the inner edge of one fin and the second valley defined by the inner edge of another fin.
• each of the boiler tubes could instead be enclosed by the first valleys defined by the inner edges of the two fins, or the second valleys defined by the inner edges of the two fins.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Geometry (AREA)
• Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

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• 2016
  • 2016-06-13 EP EP16174175.6A patent/EP3258169A1/en not_active Withdrawn
• 2017
  • 2017-06-02 CN CN201780036527.1A patent/CN109312915B/zh active Active
  • 2017-06-02 DK DK17727218.4T patent/DK3469257T3/da active
  • 2017-06-02 RU RU2019100449A patent/RU2708733C1/ru active
  • 2017-06-02 KR KR1020197000731A patent/KR102189759B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2017-06-02 WO PCT/EP2017/063448 patent/WO2017215954A1/en unknown
  • 2017-06-02 EP EP17727218.4A patent/EP3469257B1/en active Active

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