Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
  • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
  • G01J3/02—Details
  • G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
  • G01J3/0208—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using focussing or collimating elements, e.g. lenses or mirrors; performing aberration correction
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
  • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
  • G01J3/02—Details
  • G01J3/10—Arrangements of light sources specially adapted for spectrometry or colorimetry
  • G01J3/108—Arrangements of light sources specially adapted for spectrometry or colorimetry for measurement in the infrared range
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
  • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
  • G01J3/02—Details
  • G01J3/10—Arrangements of light sources specially adapted for spectrometry or colorimetry
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
  • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
  • G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
  • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
  • G01J3/02—Details
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
  • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
  • G01J3/02—Details
  • G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
  • G01J3/0218—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using optical fibers
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
  • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
  • G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
  • G01J3/2803—Investigating the spectrum using photoelectric array detector
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
  • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
  • G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
  • G01J3/30—Measuring the intensity of spectral lines directly on the spectrum itself
  • G01J3/32—Investigating bands of a spectrum in sequence by a single detector
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
  • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
  • G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
  • G01J3/30—Measuring the intensity of spectral lines directly on the spectrum itself
  • G01J3/36—Investigating two or more bands of a spectrum by separate detectors
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
  • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
  • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
  • G01N21/27—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands using photo-electric detection ; circuits for computing concentration
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
  • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
  • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
  • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
  • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
  • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
  • B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
  • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
  • G01J3/02—Details
  • G01J3/10—Arrangements of light sources specially adapted for spectrometry or colorimetry
  • G01J2003/102—Plural sources
  • G01J2003/104—Monochromatic plural sources
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
  • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
  • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
  • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
  • G01N2021/3129—Determining multicomponents by multiwavelength light
  • G01N2021/3137—Determining multicomponents by multiwavelength light with selection of wavelengths after the sample
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
  • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
  • G01N21/85—Investigating moving fluids or granular solids
  • G01N2021/8592—Grain or other flowing solid samples
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
  • G01N2201/08—Optical fibres; light guides
  • G01N2201/0833—Fibre array at detector, resolving

Definitions

• the present invention relates in general to a detector system for optically detecting an object characteristic, e.g. quality, of an object.
• detector systems There are a lot of different detector systems on the market today configured for a lot of different applications.
• One such application is the sorting bulk of objects, where the quality of the objects differs.
• Example of such objects may be different types of granules, such as grains.
• Such objects may be illuminated and the light reflected from or passing trough the object may be collected by a detector.
• the detector preferably generates a plurality of measurement variables, such that multivariate analysis may be performed in order to determine the quality of the object.
• Some detector systems comprises a standard spectrometer having a gate or port for incoming light. At the port there may be a grating or prism for diffracting the received light into different wavelength ranges. Also, such a detector system may comprise a number of mirrors and/or lenses for projecting the diffracted light onto the detector.
• CCD Charge- Coupled Device
• the detector system may be arranged to detect different wavelength ranges. If an Indium Gallium Arsenic, InGaAs, diode array is used as detector: the normal range may be 900-1700 nm. If for example one diode array having 256 photodiodes is used, each photodiode will cover a wavelength range of 3, 125 nm. Such a detector will have a resolution of 256 different wavelength ranges, ranging from 900 nm to 1700 nm and each being 3,125 nm wide. In use the amount of light that is collected by each pixel or photodiode will be monitored and a diagram showing the registered amount of Sight for each pixel or photodiode is called a spectrum.
• a spectrum a diagram showing the registered amount of Sight for each pixel or photodiode is called a spectrum.
• a camera it is often possible to select a time of exposure which is adapted to luminance of the object and the sensitivity of the pixels or photodiodes, i.e. how much light each pixel needs in order to get a good reading.
• diode arrays such as for example diode arrays based on Silicon, Si, which work in the wavelength range of 400-1050 nm.
• Si diode array is much cheaper, but has the disadvantage that it predominantly needs more light in order to give qualitative reading, which indicates that the time of exposure needs to be longer than for the InGaAs diode array.
• Devices for sorting objects e.g. that referred to in WO2004/060585 Al , put high demands on the time for each exposure.
• Such a detector system is capable of sorting up to 250 granules per channel and second or 1 granule per each 4 ms.
• An object with embodiments of the present invention is to provide a detector system mitigating and/or eliminating the drawbacks identified above.
• a detector system comprising a plurality of light guides, each guiding incoming light from a respective object in use, wherein the incoming light is provided by means of an illuminating means.
• the detector system further comprises a diffracting means for diffracting the incoming light in different wavelength ranges.
• At least one focuser e.g. focusing item, is provided for projecting the incoming light exiting the light guides onto the diffracting means.
• a detector having a detector area in use receives the diffracted light from the plurality of light guides.
• the detector system further comprises a control unit arranged to operate the illuminating means such as to pulsate incoming light via only one light guide at a time based on a pulse timing parameter, and record a spectrum of light diffracted from each light guide and detected by the detector based on the pulse timing parameter.
• a control unit arranged to operate the illuminating means such as to pulsate incoming light via only one light guide at a time based on a pulse timing parameter, and record a spectrum of light diffracted from each light guide and detected by the detector based on the pulse timing parameter.
• Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a detector system.
• Fig. 2 is a front view of a detector, with light beams thereon, of the detector system for a first geometrical configuration of light guides:
• Fig. 3 is a front view of a detector, with light beams thereon, of the detector system for a second geometrical configuration of light guides;
• Fig. 4 is a front view of a light guide holder.
• An overall object of the present invention is to provide a detector system that gives very fast readings, while allowing for determination of an object characteristic with high accuracy, at a low cost.
• the optical configuration of the detector system is arranged such that a single detector may be used to detect readings from light originating from several light guides, each conveying light from a respective object. This not only reduces the costs of the system, but also the detection speed is increased by letting the detector be as small as possible for faster readout.
• the detector system 100 comprises a plurality of light guides 11a, l ib, 11c, l i d, such as optical fibers, each guiding incoming light from a respective object Oa, Ob, Oc, Od in use.
• the incoming light is provided by means of an illuminating means 10, such as a lamp, LED, laser, stroboscope, etc.
• a diffracting means 12 is arranged for diffracting the incoming light in different wavelengths.
• At least one focuser such as a convex lens 13, is arranged for projecting the incoming light exiting the light guides onto the diffracting means.
• the convex lens may be replaced with a mirror (concave), allowing for the focusing of light.
• a convex lens 13 or mirror is to grind the tip of the light guide, such as the optical fiber, to accomplish the same focu sing effect as the Sens 13 or mirror.
• the detector system 100 further comprises a detector 14 having a detector area for receiving the diffracted light from the plurality of light guides. Moreover, the detector system 100 comprises a control unit 15 arranged to operate the illuminating means 10 such as to pulsate incoming light via only one light guide at a time based on a pulse timing parameter, and record a spectrum of light diffracted from each light guide and detected by the detector 14 based on the pulse timing parameter.
• the illuminating means 10 may comprise one or more light sources for providing light into each light guide.
• the illuminating means may be arranged to provide light within the range of preferably 800 nm to 2600 nm.
• the light source of the illuminating means may be a Light Emitting Diode.
• the illuminating means comprises more than one LED illuminating means, each providing light in a different wavelength spectrum.
• each illuminating means may comprise at least one LED, at least one laser or at least one stroboscope illuminating means, each providing light in a different wavelength spectrum.
• each light guide is arranged to receive incoming light from a respective object.
• the detector system is preferably arranged such that the illuminating means 10 or optionally a light guide guiding the light emitted from the illuminating means (not shown) is arranged on one side of the object and that the corresponding light guide 1 la, l ib, 11c, l id for receiving incoming light from the object Oa, Ob, Oc, Od is arranged on another side of the object.
• each object Oa, Ob, Oc, Od is arranged to be positioned between the illuminating means and its corresponding light guide 1 la,
• the light from the illuminating means 10 is transmitted through the object and is then at least partly collected by a corresponding light guide receiving the incoming light from the object.
• the detector system may also be arranged such that the illuminating means 10 or optionally a light guide guiding the light emitted from the illuminating means is arranged on one side of the object and that the corresponding light guide 1 la, 1 lb, 1 lc, 1 Id for receiving incoming light from the object Oa, Ob, Oc, Od is arranged on the same side of the object.
• the diffracting means 12 may e.g. be a grating or prism diffracting the incoming light into several wavelengths.
• the at least one convex lens may be provided in the light path downstream the diffracting means 12 for projecting the incoming light exiting the light guides onto the detector area of the detector 14.
• one or more convex lenses may be arranged in the light path between the diffracting means 12 and the detector 15,
• the control unit 15 may comprise a processor and memory.
• the pulse timing parameter may relate to a timing schedule or timing signal indicating the timing for activation of each illuminating means such as to provide light into only one respective light guide 1 la, 1 lb, 1 lc, 1 Id at a time.
• the control unit may be further arranged to compare the shape of the recorded spectmm with at least one reference spectmm, and make a decision whether the recorded spectmm matches the reference spectrum.
• the control unit may also be arranged to compare information, such as calculations, associated with the recorded spectmm with specific and corresponding associated information and/or threshold value(s) created from a number of reference spectra, and make a decision whether the information/calculations from the recorded spectmm matches said information and/or threshold value(s). in this way the separation speed may be increased.
• control unit does not necessarily have to compare all of the information associated with the recorded spectmm to corresponding information of the at least one reference spectmm, but reduced information or extracted information of interest could also be compared. By comparing reduced information the overall matching speed may be increased.
• the control unit may be further arranged to identify a characteristic of the associated object based on a match between the recorded spectmm and the at least one reference spectrum.
• One reference spectmm per light guide 1 la, l ib, 11c, l id and object characteristic may be prerecorded into the control unit, e.g. during a calibration process.
• the object characteristic may refer to:
• Natural components of plant fruits or seeds such as protein content, water content, starch content, beta-giucans, etc:
• Inner structural characteristics of fruits and seeds such as transparancy, cell wall thickness, globular structures, etc, ;
• control unit Since the control unit controls the operation of the illuminating mean s such that only one light guide receives light at a time, it will accordingly select the corresponding set of reference spectrums available for the active light guide, and compare the recorded spectrum received via said active light guide with the reference spectrums available for said active light guide. Since the reference spectrums are prerecorded for each light guide, there will be no need of additional signal processing, in form of image analysis, such as translation along the width axis of the recorded spectrum in relation to the reference spectrum. This significantly speeds up the processing time.
• a first sub area of the detector area for receiving light diffracted from a first light guide may overlap on the detector area with a second sub area of the detector area for receiving light diffracted from a second light guide.
• Fig. 2 shows an arrangement where the each of the light guides 1 la, 1 lb, 1 ic, l id are arranged side by side in a geometrical configuration, which results in a number of diffracted light beams 1 la', 1 lb', 1 lc', 1 Id' hitting the detector along the width w' of the detector area 141.
• Each diffracted light beam 1 la', 1 lb', 1 lc', 1 Id' comprises light from each object Oa, Ob, Oc, Od.
• At least two of the plurality of light guides 1 la, 1 lb, 1 ic, 1 id may be arranged one above the other along a height axis in a geometrical configuration, and wherein the detector area 141 has a height h' extending parallel to the height axis and a width w' for receiving the diffracted light from the plurality of light guides. In this way more than one diffracted light beam 11a', 1 lb', 11c', l id' may hit the detector area.
• the detector area does not need to be a 2D detector area for this to work, as it is possible to arrange the detector area in the area where the light beams overlap.
• a detector area having only one pixel along the height axis may be used, as long as some of the light from each light beam 1 la', 1 lb', 1 lc', I id' hits the detector area.
• the detector may comprise a 2D detector area. This may be preferred when more than one diffracted light beam is arranged to hit the detector area along the height axis thereof, and depending on the type of detector.
• the geometrical configuration of the light guides 11 a, 1 lb, l ie, l id may be attained by a light guide holder 21, arranged as a matrix, with more than one row and more than one column, as shown in Fig, 4 showing a front view of the light guide holder 2 , Each position of the light guide holder is arranged to be occupied by a light guide.
• the light guide holder 21 may thus be arranged to receive the ends of the light guides 1 la, 1 lb, 1 lc, 1 Id and be placed in front of diffracting means, i.e. upstream in the light path of the diffracting means
• the light guide holder 21 may be arranged as a matrix comprising one row and one or more columns for receiving light guides for each receiving position along its width axis.
• the object may e.g. be a granule e.g. a fruit, a kernel: a seed, a single grain, a processed piece of grain; a granular grain product; a pulse; a lentil: a bean; a nut; any fruit of plant origin; any recyciabies; any granule containing any natural or synthetic (active) component of organic nature; or any other granule material of organic nature and/or containing organic material.
• a granule e.g. a fruit, a kernel: a seed, a single grain, a processed piece of grain; a granular grain product; a pulse; a lentil: a bean; a nut; any fruit of plant origin; any recyciabies; any granule containing any natural or synthetic (active) component of organic nature; or any other granule material of organic nature and/or containing organic material.
• the detector area may have a width w' of less than 256, such as 128 pixels, 64 pixels, 32 pixels, 6 pixels or 8 pixels.
• the recorded spectrum may pertain to a direct read out from each pixel of the associated sub area of the detector. In this way it is possible to avoid subsequent averaging of the detector pixel intensities of the recorded spectrum that otherwise introduces undesired summation of individual pixel noises.
• the recorded spectrum may also pertain to a direct read out from each pixel of the detector.
• the control unit may be arranged to normalize each recorded spectrum before comparing the recorded spectrum to the at least one reference spectrum of the associated set of reference spectrums. Also, the control unit may be arranged to normalize each reference spectrum before storing it into the memory. Alternatively, the control unit could normalize each reference spectrum upon comparing the reference spectram with the recorded spectrum.
• the detector may be a photo sensor connected to at least one Analog Digital
• AD converter for instant read out from the detector.
• the detector may comprise a CMOS sensor, comprising a CMOS substrate, allowing for sequential read out from the detector.
• the signals from the detector may be processed using analog electronics for prediction of the characteristics of the granule.
• the sub area of the detector area associated with each diffracted light beam 1 la', 1 lb', 1 c', 1 id' may comprise between 8 and 32 pixels, such as 8 to 16 pixels, such as 8 pixels.
• the detector system presented above could be arranged as part of a spectrometer (not shown).
• the detector system above has been presented with drawings showing a four channel system, i.e. four objects, four light guides 1 la, 1 lb, 1 lc, 1 Id, and four light beams 1 1 a', l ib', l ie', 1 Id' hitting the detector, it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to a four channel system. In fact any configuration having more than two channels may be used without departing from the invention .
• the incoming light from the object has been presented above as originating from a transmission through the associated objects, e.g. granules, it is equally possible that the incoming light relate to light which has been reflected on said objects. Accordingly, the illuminating means 10 does not have to be positioned at an opposite side of the object in relation to the plurality of light guides 1 l a, 1 lb, l ie, l id receiving the incoming light. Rather the illuminating light source could also be positioned at the same side of the object, or at any suitable angle in relation to the plurality of light guides for receiving the incoming light.

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• Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)

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