WO2017211871A1 - Compression train including two centrifugal compressors and lng plant including two centrifugal compressors - Google Patents
Compression train including two centrifugal compressors and lng plant including two centrifugal compressors Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017211871A1 WO2017211871A1 PCT/EP2017/063790 EP2017063790W WO2017211871A1 WO 2017211871 A1 WO2017211871 A1 WO 2017211871A1 EP 2017063790 W EP2017063790 W EP 2017063790W WO 2017211871 A1 WO2017211871 A1 WO 2017211871A1
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- Prior art keywords
- centrifugal compressor
- engine
- centrifugal
- impellers
- compression
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940112112 capex Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FEBLZLNTKCEFIT-VSXGLTOVSA-N fluocinolone acetonide Chemical compound C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@]1(F)[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O FEBLZLNTKCEFIT-VSXGLTOVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/10—Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
- F04D17/12—Multi-stage pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/04—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being fluid-driven
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/16—Combinations of two or more pumps ; Producing two or more separate gas flows
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
- F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
- F25J1/0087—Propane; Propylene
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
- F25J1/0215—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle
- F25J1/0216—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle using a C3 pre-cooling cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
- F25J1/0287—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings including an electrical motor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/029—Mechanically coupling of different refrigerant compressors in a cascade refrigeration system to a common driver
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0294—Multiple compressor casings/strings in parallel, e.g. split arrangement
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/20—Integrated compressor and process expander; Gear box arrangement; Multiple compressors on a common shaft
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/12—Particular process parameters like pressure, temperature, ratios
Definitions
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an LNG plant 100 according to the prior art, in particular a plant implementing an APCI process, i.e. a well-known liquefaction technology with a first cycle using one pure-refrigerant and a second cycle using one mixed-refrigerant.
- an APCI process i.e. a well-known liquefaction technology with a first cycle using one pure-refrigerant and a second cycle using one mixed-refrigerant.
- the plant 100 consists of a first compression train with a centrifugal compressor 130 and a centrifugal compressor 160, having a first common shaft, and a second compression train with a centrifugal compressor 140 and a centrifugal compressor 150, having a second common shaft.
- the compressor 130 is used for compressing propane; an inlet 131 of compressor 130 is fluidly connected to a line of propane; an outlet 132 of compressor 130 provides compressed propane.
- the compressors 140, 150 and 160 are used for compressing a mixed-refrigerant gas; an inlet 141 of compressor 140 is fluidly connected to a line of mixed refrigerant; an outlet 142 of compressor 140 is fluidly connected to an inlet 151 of compressor 150; an outlet 152 of compressor 150 is fluidly connected to an inlet 161 of compressor 160; an outlet 162 of compressor 160 provides compressed mixed refrigerant.
- the first compression train is driven by a first engine 1 10, and the second compression train is driven by a second engine 120.
- the first engine 1 10 and the second engine 120 are low speed engines and may be for example an electric engine rotating at a speed of e.g. 1500 RPM or a gas turbine rotating at a speed of e.g. 3000 or 3600 RPM.
- Each of the compressors 130, 140, 150 and 160 is housed inside a distinct case.
- An LNG plant is known from WO 2008/015224 wherein there is a first compression arrangement for propane and a second compression arrangement for a so-called "mixed refrigerant" (i.e. a mixture of hydrocarbons having different molecular weights). According to the example process of figure 2, the mixed refrigerant is subject to a compression of 18.5.
- First embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein relate to compression trains.
- the compression train comprises an engine, a first centrifugal compressor driven by the engine and a second centrifugal compressor driven by the engine; the first centrifugal compressor is housed inside one case; the second centrifugal compressor is housed inside one case; the first centrifugal compressor has a first inlet fluidly connected to a line of high molecular weight gas, in particular higher than 40; the second centrifugal compressor has a second inlet fluidly connected to a line of low molecular weight gas, in particular between 20 and 30; the second centrifugal compressor is arranged to provide a compression ratio higher than 10: 1 , preferably higher than 15 : 1.
- Second embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein relate to LNG plants.
- the LNG plant comprises a compression train;
- the compression train comprises an engine, a first centrifugal compressor driven by the engine and a second centrifugal compressor driven by the engine;
- the first centrifugal compressor is housed inside one case;
- the second centrifugal compressor is housed inside one case;
- the first centrifugal compressor has a first inlet fluidly connected to a line of high molecular weight gas, in particular higher than 40;
- the second centrifugal compressor has a second inlet fluidly connected to a line of low molecular weight gas, in particular between 20 and 30;
- the second centrifugal compressor is arranged to provide a compression ratio higher than 10: 1 , preferably higher than 15 : 1.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an LNG plant according to the prior art
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of embodiments of a compression train
- Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a compressor that may be a component of the compression train of Fig. 2; and Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a LNG plant.
- the compression train 200 of Fig. 2 comprises an engine 210, a first centrifugal (i.e. centrifugal flow) compressor 220 driven by the engine 210 and a second centrifugal (i.e. centrifugal flow) compressor 230 driven by the engine 210.
- the first centrifugal compressor 220 is housed inside one case; the second centrifugal compressor 230 is housed inside one case.
- the first centrifugal compressor 220 has a first inlet fluidly connected to a line of high molecular weight gas, in particular higher than 40; the second centrifugal compressor 230 has a second inlet fluidly connected to a line of low molecular weight gas, in particular between 20 and 30. Therefore, the gas processed by the compressor 220 and then provided at a first outlet 222 is different from the gas processed by the compressor 230 and then provided at a second outlet 232.
- the second centrifugal compressor 230 is a high-compression-ratio compressor; in particular, it is arranged to provide a compression ratio higher than 10: 1 , preferably higher than 15 : 1.
- a train identical or similar to the one shown in Fig. 2 is particularly advantageous when arranged to provide both compressed propane and compressed mixed refrigerant for implementing an APCI process.
- the high molecular weight gas mentioned above is propane
- the low molecular weight gas mentioned above is a mixed-refrigerant gas, in particular mixture of propane, ethylene or ethane, and methane.
- the train of Fig. 2 comprises only two centrifugal compressors.
- Fig. 2 shows two sets of embodiments. According a first set, there is one shaft and the second compressor 230 is directly mechanically connected to the first compressor 220. According a second set, there two shafts and the second compressor 230 is indirectly mechanically connected to the first compressor 220 through a gear box 250.
- the gear box is drawn with dashed lines as it is optional.
- the compression train has a single shaft.
- the engine 210 may be an electric motor or a steam turbine or a gas turbine, in particular an aero derivative gas turbine.
- the engine 210 is a high speed engine having preferably a maximum rotation speed in the range of 5000-9000 RPM, more preferably a maximum rotation speed in the range of 6000-9000 RPM.
- the compression train has two shafts.
- the second centrifugal compressor 230 is mechanically connected to the first centrifugal compressor 220 through a gear box 250 having a transmission ratio preferably higher than 2: 1.
- the engine 210 is an electric motor or a steam turbine or a gas turbine, in particular an aeroderivative gas turbine.
- the engine 210 is a low speed engine having preferably a maximum rotation speed in the range of 1500-5000 RPM, more preferably a maximum rotation speed in the range of 1500-4000 RPM.
- the train may comprise further an auxiliary engine, preferably electric motor, such as the engine 240 in Fig. 2.
- the engine 240 is directly connected, for example, to the second compressor 230.
- auxiliary engine may be used at start-up of the train and/or to help the main engine when the power absorbed by the compressor or compressors exceeds certain thresholds; such auxiliary engine is sometimes called "helper".
- the high-compression-ratio compressor 230 is a high-compression-ratio centrifugal (i.e. centrifugal flow) compressor and comprises a first set of impellers (i.e. one or more impellers) and a second set of impellers (i.e. one or more impellers) arranged downstream or upstream (preferably downstream) the first set of impellers.
- the first set includes two impellers 31 1 and 312, but any number of impellers from 1 to e.g. 20 is suitable.
- the second set includes three impellers 321 and 322 and 323, but any number of impellers from 1 to e.g. 20 is suitable.
- the impellers 31 1 and 312 of the first set are centrifugal and unshrouded.
- the impellers 321 and 322 and 323 of the second set are centrifugal and shrouded.
- At least impellers 31 1 and 312 and 321 and 322 and 323 of the first set and of the second set are housed inside one case 300.
- the impellers 31 1 and 312 and 321 and 322 and 323 of the first set and of the second set are coupled to each other through mechanical connections.
- all the impellers are centrifugal and shrouded.
- the sets of axial compression stages may be more than two, for example three or four.
- auxiliary inlets There may be one or more auxiliary outlets.
- At least some of the impellers of said high-compression-ratio centrifugal compressor are stacked on each other and mechanically coupled by means Hirth joint.
- the stacked and coupled impellers are tightened together by means of a tie rod, in this way, a very stable and reliable mechanical connection is achieved.
- Each impeller has for example a passing hole at its rotational axis and is configured so that the tie rod can pass through it.
- a rotor is achieved when the impellers are stacked and tightened together.
- all impellers 31 1 , 312, 321 , 322, 323 of the two sets are stacked, coupled by Hirth joints 340A, 340B, 340C, 340D, and tightened together by a tie rod 330.
- Compressor 230 has a main inlet 301 (labelled 231 in Fig. 2), a main outlet 302 (labelled 232 in Fig. 2), and at least one auxiliary inlet and/or at least one auxiliary outlet at an intermediate position along the flow path from the main inlet 301 to the main outlet 302;
- Fig. 3 shows the general case of one intermediate tap 303, being in some embodiments an auxiliary inlet (see upward arrow) and being in some embodiments an auxiliary outlet (see downward arrow).
- the second set of impellers (321 and 322 and 323) are downstream the first set of impellers (31 1 and 312), and the impellers (321 and 322 and 323) of the second set may have a smaller diameter than the impellers (31 1 and 312) of the first set.
- the impellers of the first set of impellers (31 1 and 312) are unshrouded and with a larger diameter than those of the second set of impellers (321 and 322 and 323).
- Unshrouded impellers can rotate faster than shrouded impellers, due to the absence of the shroud; in fact, when the impeller rotates the shroud is pull outwardly by the centrifugal force acting on it and over a certain rotary speed the shroud risks to pull out the impeller.
- the compressor can rotate faster than traditional centrifugal compressors thus achieving a greater compression ratio.
- unshrouded impellers and shrouded impellers may alternate between each other; this happens, in particular, when there is one or more auxiliary inlets and/or outlets.
- Centrifugal compressors identical or similar to the one shown in Fig. 3 may rotate very quickly and so they can reach a very high compression ratio. Therefore, a single innovative centrifugal compressor in a single (and small) case may replace two or three or more traditional centrifugal compressors in distinct cases.
- a train identical or similar to the one shown in Fig. 2 is mainly designed to be used in a LNG plant.
- Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a LNG plant comprising two such trains; gear boxes are not shown but may be present.
- both trains are advantageously identical.
- both trains implement an APCI process.
- both trains comprises a compressor identical or similar to the one shown in Fig. 3.
- a plant such as the one shown in Fig. 4 may have a power substantially equal to the plant of Fig. 1.
- one of the advantages of the plant of Fig. 4 with respect to the plant of Fig. 1 is that if one component of the plant breaks the plant of Fig. 1 is not able to produce any LNG while the plant of Fig. 4 will be able to produce 50% of the rated production.
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020197000040A KR20190015743A (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2017-06-07 | An LNG plant comprising a compression train comprising two centrifugal compressors and two centrifugal compressors |
JP2018563712A JP7218181B2 (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2017-06-07 | A compression train containing two centrifugal compressors and an LNG plant containing two centrifugal compressors |
US16/305,090 US20200318641A1 (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2017-06-07 | Compression train including two centrifugal compressors and lng plant including two centrifugal compressors |
EP17733748.2A EP3464905A1 (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2017-06-07 | Compression train including two centrifugal compressors and lng plant including two centrifugal compressors |
CN201780035122.6A CN109312752A (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2017-06-07 | Compressor set including two centrifugal compressors and the liquefied natural gas plant including two centrifugal compressors |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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ITUA2016A004168A ITUA20164168A1 (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2016-06-07 | COMPRESSION TRAIN WITH TWO CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS AND LNG PLANT WITH TWO CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS |
IT102016000058269 | 2016-06-07 |
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WO2017211871A1 true WO2017211871A1 (en) | 2017-12-14 |
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PCT/EP2017/063790 WO2017211871A1 (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2017-06-07 | Compression train including two centrifugal compressors and lng plant including two centrifugal compressors |
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US (1) | US20200318641A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3464905A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP7218181B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20190015743A (en) |
CN (1) | CN109312752A (en) |
IT (1) | ITUA20164168A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017211871A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
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JP2020020567A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2020-02-06 | エア プロダクツ アンド ケミカルズ インコーポレイテッドAir Products And Chemicals Incorporated | Balancing power in split mixed refrigerant liquefaction system |
Families Citing this family (1)
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CN112577211B (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-12-14 | 约克(无锡)空调冷冻设备有限公司 | Load balancing method for two compressors |
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2016
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2017
- 2017-06-07 EP EP17733748.2A patent/EP3464905A1/en active Pending
- 2017-06-07 JP JP2018563712A patent/JP7218181B2/en active Active
- 2017-06-07 US US16/305,090 patent/US20200318641A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-06-07 CN CN201780035122.6A patent/CN109312752A/en active Pending
- 2017-06-07 WO PCT/EP2017/063790 patent/WO2017211871A1/en unknown
- 2017-06-07 KR KR1020197000040A patent/KR20190015743A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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Cited By (5)
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JP2020020567A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2020-02-06 | エア プロダクツ アンド ケミカルズ インコーポレイテッドAir Products And Chemicals Incorporated | Balancing power in split mixed refrigerant liquefaction system |
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CN110793231B (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2022-02-11 | 气体产品与化学公司 | Balancing power in split-flow mixed refrigerant liquefaction systems |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20190015743A (en) | 2019-02-14 |
JP2019517638A (en) | 2019-06-24 |
EP3464905A1 (en) | 2019-04-10 |
CN109312752A (en) | 2019-02-05 |
JP7218181B2 (en) | 2023-02-06 |
ITUA20164168A1 (en) | 2017-12-07 |
US20200318641A1 (en) | 2020-10-08 |
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