US20200318641A1 - Compression train including two centrifugal compressors and lng plant including two centrifugal compressors - Google Patents
Compression train including two centrifugal compressors and lng plant including two centrifugal compressors Download PDFInfo
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- US20200318641A1 US20200318641A1 US16/305,090 US201716305090A US2020318641A1 US 20200318641 A1 US20200318641 A1 US 20200318641A1 US 201716305090 A US201716305090 A US 201716305090A US 2020318641 A1 US2020318641 A1 US 2020318641A1
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- engine
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- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940112112 capex Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/10—Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
- F04D17/12—Multi-stage pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/04—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being fluid-driven
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/16—Combinations of two or more pumps ; Producing two or more separate gas flows
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
- F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
- F25J1/0087—Propane; Propylene
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
- F25J1/0215—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle
- F25J1/0216—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle using a C3 pre-cooling cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
- F25J1/0287—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings including an electrical motor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/029—Mechanically coupling of different refrigerant compressors in a cascade refrigeration system to a common driver
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0294—Multiple compressor casings/strings in parallel, e.g. split arrangement
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/20—Integrated compressor and process expander; Gear box arrangement; Multiple compressors on a common shaft
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/12—Particular process parameters like pressure, temperature, ratios
Definitions
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an LNG plant 100 according to the prior art, in particular a plant implementing an APCI process, i.e. a well-known liquefaction technology with a first cycle using one pure-refrigerant and a second cycle using one mixed-refrigerant.
- an APCI process i.e. a well-known liquefaction technology with a first cycle using one pure-refrigerant and a second cycle using one mixed-refrigerant.
- the plant 100 consists of a first compression train with a centrifugal compressor 130 and a centrifugal compressor 160 , having a first common shaft, and a second compression train with a centrifugal compressor 140 and a centrifugal compressor 150 , having a second common shaft.
- the compressor 130 is used for compressing propane; an inlet 131 of compressor 130 is fluidly connected to a line of propane; an outlet 132 of compressor 130 provides compressed propane.
- the compressors 140 , 150 and 160 are used for compressing a mixed-refrigerant gas; an inlet 141 of compressor 140 is fluidly connected to a line of mixed refrigerant; an outlet 142 of compressor 140 is fluidly connected to an inlet 151 of compressor 150 ; an outlet 152 of compressor 150 is fluidly connected to an inlet 161 of compressor 160 ; an outlet 162 of compressor 160 provides compressed mixed refrigerant.
- the first compression train is driven by a first engine 110
- the second compression train is driven by a second engine 120
- the first engine 110 and the second engine 120 are low speed engines and may be for example an electric engine rotating at a speed of e.g. 1500 RPM or a gas turbine rotating at a speed of e.g. 3000 or 3600 RPM.
- Each of the compressors 130 , 140 , 150 and 160 is housed inside a distinct case.
- An LNG plant is known from WO 2008/015224 wherein there is a first compression arrangement for propane and a second compression arrangement for a so-called “mixed refrigerant” (i.e. a mixture of hydrocarbons having different molecular weights).
- the mixed refrigerant is subject to a compression of 18.5.
- compression of a mixed refrigerant was typically carried out through three compressors inside three distinct cases; this also applies to the solution of WO 2008/015224 that reflects the solution shown in FIGS.
- block 122 in FIGS. 1 and 2 of WO 2008/015224 corresponds to three compressors in three cases. Furthermore, according to WO 2008/015224 the first compression arrangement and the second compression arrangement rotate at the same speed (i.e. there is no gearbox provided), while the power ratio of these compression arrangements can be freely chosen.
- Some embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein relate to compression trains.
- the compression train comprises an engine, a first centrifugal compressor driven by the engine and a second centrifugal compressor driven by the engine; the first centrifugal compressor is housed inside one case; the second centrifugal compressor is housed inside one case; the first centrifugal compressor has a first inlet fluidly connected to a line of high molecular weight gas, in particular higher than 40; the second centrifugal compressor has a second inlet fluidly connected to a line of low molecular weight gas, in particular between 20 and 30; the second centrifugal compressor is arranged to provide a compression ratio higher than 10:1, in an embodiment, higher than 15:1.
- the LNG plant comprises a compression train;
- the compression train comprises an engine, a first centrifugal compressor driven by the engine and a second centrifugal compressor driven by the engine;
- the first centrifugal compressor is housed inside one case;
- the second centrifugal compressor is housed inside one case;
- the first centrifugal compressor has a first inlet fluidly connected to a line of high molecular weight gas, in particular higher than 40;
- the second centrifugal compressor has a second inlet fluidly connected to a line of low molecular weight gas, in particular between 20 and 30;
- the second centrifugal compressor is arranged to provide a compression ratio higher than 10:1, in an embodiment, higher than 15:1.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an LNG plant according to the prior art
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of embodiments of a compression train
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a compressor that may be a component of the compression train of FIG. 2 ;
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a LNG plant.
- the compression train 200 of FIG. 2 comprises an engine 210 , a first centrifugal (i.e. centrifugal flow) compressor 220 driven by the engine 210 and a second centrifugal (i.e. centrifugal flow) compressor 230 driven by the engine 210 .
- the first centrifugal compressor 220 is housed inside one case; the second centrifugal compressor 230 is housed inside one case.
- the first centrifugal compressor 220 has a first inlet fluidly connected to a line of high molecular weight gas, in particular higher than 40; the second centrifugal compressor 230 has a second inlet fluidly connected to a line of low molecular weight gas, in particular between 20 and 30. Therefore, the gas processed by the compressor 220 and then provided at a first outlet 222 is different from the gas processed by the compressor 230 and then provided at a second outlet 232 .
- the second centrifugal compressor 230 is a high-compression-ratio compressor; in particular, it is arranged to provide a compression ratio higher than 10:1, in an embodiment, higher than 15:1.
- a train identical or similar to the one shown in FIG. 2 is arranged to provide both compressed propane and compressed mixed refrigerant for implementing an APCI process.
- APCI process A train identical or similar to the one shown in FIG. 2 is arranged to provide both compressed propane and compressed mixed refrigerant for implementing an APCI process.
- the high molecular weight gas mentioned above is propane, and
- the low molecular weight gas mentioned above is a mixed-refrigerant gas, in particular mixture of propane, ethylene or ethane, and methane.
- the train of FIG. 2 comprises only two centrifugal compressors.
- FIG. 2 shows two sets of embodiments. According a first set, there is one shaft and the second compressor 230 is directly mechanically connected to the first compressor 220 . According a second set, there two shafts and the second compressor 230 is indirectly mechanically connected to the first compressor 220 through a gear box 250 .
- the gear box is drawn with dashed lines as it is optional.
- the compression train has a single shaft.
- the engine 210 may be an electric motor or a steam turbine or a gas turbine, in particular an aeroderivative gas turbine.
- the engine 210 is a high speed engine having, in an embodiment, a maximum rotation speed in the range of 5000-9000 RPM, more particularly a maximum rotation speed in the range of 6000-9000 RPM.
- the compression train has two shafts.
- the second centrifugal compressor 230 is mechanically connected to the first centrifugal compressor 220 through a gear box 250 having a transmission ratio, in an embodiment, higher than 2:1.
- the engine 210 is an electric motor or a steam turbine or a gas turbine, in particular an aeroderivative gas turbine.
- the engine 210 is a low speed engine having, in an embodiment, a maximum rotation speed in the range of 1500-5000 RPM, more particularly a maximum rotation speed in the range of 1500-4000 RPM.
- the train may comprise further an auxiliary engine, in an embodiment, electric motor, such as the engine 240 in FIG. 2 .
- the engine 240 is directly connected, for example, to the second compressor 230 .
- auxiliary engine may be used at start-up of the train and/or to help the main engine when the power absorbed by the compressor or compressors exceeds certain thresholds; such auxiliary engine is sometimes called “helper”.
- the high-compression-ratio compressor 230 is a high-compression-ratio centrifugal (i.e. centrifugal flow) compressor and comprises a first set of impellers (i.e. one or more impellers) and a second set of impellers (i.e. one or more impellers) arranged downstream or upstream (in an embodiment, downstream) the first set of impellers.
- the first set includes two impellers 311 and 312 , but any number of impellers from 1 to e.g. 20 is suitable.
- the second set includes three impellers 321 and 322 and 323 , but any number of impellers from 1 to e.g. 20 is suitable.
- the impellers 311 and 312 of the first set are centrifugal and unshrouded.
- the impellers 321 and 322 and 323 of the second set are centrifugal and shrouded.
- At least impellers 311 and 312 and 321 and 322 and 323 of the first set and of the second set are housed inside one case 300 .
- the impellers 311 and 312 and 321 and 322 and 323 of the first set and of the second set are coupled to each other through mechanical connections.
- all the impellers are centrifugal and shrouded.
- the sets of axial compression stages may be more than two, for example three or four.
- auxiliary inlets There may be one or more auxiliary inlets.
- auxiliary outlets There may be one or more auxiliary outlets.
- At least some of the impellers of said high-compression-ratio centrifugal compressor are stacked on each other and mechanically coupled by means Hirth joint.
- the stacked and coupled impellers are tightened together by means of a tie rod, in this way, a very stable and reliable mechanical connection is achieved.
- Each impeller has for example a passing hole at its rotational axis and is configured so that the tie rod can pass through it. A rotor is achieved when the impellers are stacked and tightened together.
- impellers 311 , 312 , 321 , 322 , 323 of the two sets are stacked, coupled by Hirth joints 340 A, 340 B, 340 C, 340 D, and tightened together by a tie rod 330 .
- Compressor 230 has a main inlet 301 (labelled 231 in FIG. 2 ), a main outlet 302 (labelled 232 in FIG. 2 ), and at least one auxiliary inlet and/or at least one auxiliary outlet at an intermediate position along the flow path from the main inlet 301 to the main outlet 302 ;
- FIG. 3 shows the general case of one intermediate tap 303 , being in some embodiments an auxiliary inlet (see upward arrow) and being in some embodiments an auxiliary outlet (see downward arrow).
- the second set of impellers ( 321 and 322 and 323 ) are downstream the first set of impellers ( 311 and 312 ), and the impellers ( 321 and 322 and 323 ) of the second set may have a smaller diameter than the impellers ( 311 and 312 ) of the first set.
- the impellers of the first set of impellers are unshrouded and with a larger diameter than those of the second set of impellers ( 321 and 322 and 323 ).
- Unshrouded impellers can rotate faster than shrouded impellers, due to the absence of the shroud; in fact, when the impeller rotates the shroud is pull outwardly by the centrifugal force acting on it and over a certain rotary speed the shroud risks to pull out the impeller.
- the compressor can rotate faster than traditional centrifugal compressors thus achieving a greater compression ratio.
- unshrouded impellers and shrouded impellers may alternate between each other; this happens, in particular, when there is one or more auxiliary inlets and/or outlets.
- Centrifugal compressors identical or similar to the one shown in FIG. 3 may rotate very quickly and so they can reach a very high compression ratio. Therefore, a single innovative centrifugal compressor in a single (and small) case may replace two or three or more traditional centrifugal compressors in distinct cases.
- a high LNG production may be obtained in a smaller space and/or in a smaller footprint and with a lesser number of machines.
- a train identical or similar to the one shown in FIG. 2 is mainly designed to be used in a LNG plant.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a LNG plant comprising two such trains; gear boxes are not shown but may be present.
- both trains are identical.
- both trains implement an APCI process.
- both trains comprises a compressor identical or similar to the one shown in FIG. 3 .
- a plant such as the one shown in FIG. 4 may have a power substantially equal to the plant of FIG. 1 .
- one of the advantages of the plant of FIG. 4 with respect to the plant of FIG. 1 is that if one component of the plant breaks the plant of FIG. 1 is not able to produce any LNG while the plant of FIG. 4 will be able to produce 50% of the rated production.
Abstract
Description
- Embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein correspond to compression trains including two centrifugal compressors and LNG [=Liquefied Natural Gas] plants including two centrifugal compressors.
-
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of anLNG plant 100 according to the prior art, in particular a plant implementing an APCI process, i.e. a well-known liquefaction technology with a first cycle using one pure-refrigerant and a second cycle using one mixed-refrigerant. - The
plant 100 consists of a first compression train with acentrifugal compressor 130 and acentrifugal compressor 160, having a first common shaft, and a second compression train with acentrifugal compressor 140 and acentrifugal compressor 150, having a second common shaft. Thecompressor 130 is used for compressing propane; aninlet 131 ofcompressor 130 is fluidly connected to a line of propane; anoutlet 132 ofcompressor 130 provides compressed propane. Thecompressors inlet 141 ofcompressor 140 is fluidly connected to a line of mixed refrigerant; anoutlet 142 ofcompressor 140 is fluidly connected to aninlet 151 ofcompressor 150; anoutlet 152 ofcompressor 150 is fluidly connected to an inlet 161 ofcompressor 160; an outlet 162 ofcompressor 160 provides compressed mixed refrigerant. - The first compression train is driven by a
first engine 110, and the second compression train is driven by asecond engine 120. Thefirst engine 110 and thesecond engine 120 are low speed engines and may be for example an electric engine rotating at a speed of e.g. 1500 RPM or a gas turbine rotating at a speed of e.g. 3000 or 3600 RPM. - Each of the
compressors - An LNG plant is known from WO 2008/015224 wherein there is a first compression arrangement for propane and a second compression arrangement for a so-called “mixed refrigerant” (i.e. a mixture of hydrocarbons having different molecular weights). According to the example process of
FIG. 2 , the mixed refrigerant is subject to a compression of 18.5. At the priority date of WO 2008/015224, compression of a mixed refrigerant was typically carried out through three compressors inside three distinct cases; this also applies to the solution of WO 2008/015224 that reflects the solution shown inFIGS. 2 and 3 of the article by Perez entitled “The 4.5 MMTBA LNG Train—A Cost Effective Design” (cited by WO 2008/015224); therefore, it is to be noted that block 122 in FIGS. 1 and 2 of WO 2008/015224 corresponds to three compressors in three cases. Furthermore, according to WO 2008/015224 the first compression arrangement and the second compression arrangement rotate at the same speed (i.e. there is no gearbox provided), while the power ratio of these compression arrangements can be freely chosen. - It would be desirable to provide an LNG plant with a reduced number of compressor cases with respect to the prior art solutions; this is also advantageous from the footprint point of view.
- In general, it is advantageous to increase efficiency, availability and modularity of LNG plants and to reduce CAPEX for LNG plants.
- The above-mentioned objects and advantages apply in particular to LNG plants implementing an APCI process.
- Some embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein relate to compression trains.
- According to such embodiments, the compression train comprises an engine, a first centrifugal compressor driven by the engine and a second centrifugal compressor driven by the engine; the first centrifugal compressor is housed inside one case; the second centrifugal compressor is housed inside one case; the first centrifugal compressor has a first inlet fluidly connected to a line of high molecular weight gas, in particular higher than 40; the second centrifugal compressor has a second inlet fluidly connected to a line of low molecular weight gas, in particular between 20 and 30; the second centrifugal compressor is arranged to provide a compression ratio higher than 10:1, in an embodiment, higher than 15:1.
- Additional embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein relate to LNG plants.
- According to such embodiments, the LNG plant comprises a compression train; the compression train comprises an engine, a first centrifugal compressor driven by the engine and a second centrifugal compressor driven by the engine; the first centrifugal compressor is housed inside one case; the second centrifugal compressor is housed inside one case; the first centrifugal compressor has a first inlet fluidly connected to a line of high molecular weight gas, in particular higher than 40; the second centrifugal compressor has a second inlet fluidly connected to a line of low molecular weight gas, in particular between 20 and 30; the second centrifugal compressor is arranged to provide a compression ratio higher than 10:1, in an embodiment, higher than 15:1.
- The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and constitute an integral part of the present specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present invention and, together with the detailed description, explain these embodiments. In the drawings:
-
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an LNG plant according to the prior art; -
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of embodiments of a compression train; -
FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a compressor that may be a component of the compression train ofFIG. 2 ; and -
FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a LNG plant. - The following description of exemplary embodiments refers to the accompanying drawings.
- The following description does not limit embodiments of the invention. Instead, the scope of embodiments of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
- Reference throughout the specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the subject matter disclosed. Thus, the appearance of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout the specification is not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
- In the following (and according to its mathematical meaning) the term “set” means a group of one or more items.
- The
compression train 200 ofFIG. 2 comprises anengine 210, a first centrifugal (i.e. centrifugal flow)compressor 220 driven by theengine 210 and a second centrifugal (i.e. centrifugal flow)compressor 230 driven by theengine 210. The firstcentrifugal compressor 220 is housed inside one case; the secondcentrifugal compressor 230 is housed inside one case. The firstcentrifugal compressor 220 has a first inlet fluidly connected to a line of high molecular weight gas, in particular higher than 40; the secondcentrifugal compressor 230 has a second inlet fluidly connected to a line of low molecular weight gas, in particular between 20 and 30. Therefore, the gas processed by thecompressor 220 and then provided at afirst outlet 222 is different from the gas processed by thecompressor 230 and then provided at asecond outlet 232. - The second
centrifugal compressor 230 is a high-compression-ratio compressor; in particular, it is arranged to provide a compression ratio higher than 10:1, in an embodiment, higher than 15:1. - A train identical or similar to the one shown in
FIG. 2 is arranged to provide both compressed propane and compressed mixed refrigerant for implementing an APCI process. In this case, - the high molecular weight gas mentioned above is propane, and
- the low molecular weight gas mentioned above is a mixed-refrigerant gas, in particular mixture of propane, ethylene or ethane, and methane.
- The train of
FIG. 2 comprises only two centrifugal compressors. -
FIG. 2 shows two sets of embodiments. According a first set, there is one shaft and thesecond compressor 230 is directly mechanically connected to thefirst compressor 220. According a second set, there two shafts and thesecond compressor 230 is indirectly mechanically connected to thefirst compressor 220 through agear box 250. InFIG. 2 , the gear box is drawn with dashed lines as it is optional. - The following applies to the first set of embodiments.
- The compression train has a single shaft.
- The
engine 210 may be an electric motor or a steam turbine or a gas turbine, in particular an aeroderivative gas turbine. - The
engine 210 is a high speed engine having, in an embodiment, a maximum rotation speed in the range of 5000-9000 RPM, more particularly a maximum rotation speed in the range of 6000-9000 RPM. - The following applies to the second set of embodiments.
- The compression train has two shafts.
- The second
centrifugal compressor 230 is mechanically connected to the firstcentrifugal compressor 220 through agear box 250 having a transmission ratio, in an embodiment, higher than 2:1. - The
engine 210 is an electric motor or a steam turbine or a gas turbine, in particular an aeroderivative gas turbine. - The
engine 210 is a low speed engine having, in an embodiment, a maximum rotation speed in the range of 1500-5000 RPM, more particularly a maximum rotation speed in the range of 1500-4000 RPM. - The following applies to both sets of embodiments.
- The train may comprise further an auxiliary engine, in an embodiment, electric motor, such as the
engine 240 inFIG. 2 . InFIG. 2 , theengine 240 is directly connected, for example, to thesecond compressor 230. - It is to be noted that the auxiliary engine may be used at start-up of the train and/or to help the main engine when the power absorbed by the compressor or compressors exceeds certain thresholds; such auxiliary engine is sometimes called “helper”.
- According to the embodiment of
FIG. 3 , the high-compression-ratio compressor 230 is a high-compression-ratio centrifugal (i.e. centrifugal flow) compressor and comprises a first set of impellers (i.e. one or more impellers) and a second set of impellers (i.e. one or more impellers) arranged downstream or upstream (in an embodiment, downstream) the first set of impellers. - As shown in
FIG. 3 , the first set includes twoimpellers impellers impellers FIG. 3 , theimpellers least impellers case 300. Theimpellers - According to an alternative embodiment, all the impellers are centrifugal and shrouded.
- The sets of axial compression stages may be more than two, for example three or four.
- There may be one or more auxiliary inlets.
- There may be one or more auxiliary outlets.
- In an embodiment, as in the embodiment of
FIG. 3 , at least some of the impellers of said high-compression-ratio centrifugal compressor are stacked on each other and mechanically coupled by means Hirth joint. The stacked and coupled impellers are tightened together by means of a tie rod, in this way, a very stable and reliable mechanical connection is achieved. Each impeller has for example a passing hole at its rotational axis and is configured so that the tie rod can pass through it. A rotor is achieved when the impellers are stacked and tightened together. - In the embodiment of
FIG. 3 allimpellers tie rod 330. -
Compressor 230 has a main inlet 301 (labelled 231 inFIG. 2 ), a main outlet 302 (labelled 232 inFIG. 2 ), and at least one auxiliary inlet and/or at least one auxiliary outlet at an intermediate position along the flow path from themain inlet 301 to themain outlet 302;FIG. 3 shows the general case of oneintermediate tap 303, being in some embodiments an auxiliary inlet (see upward arrow) and being in some embodiments an auxiliary outlet (see downward arrow). - In an embodiment, as in the embodiment of
FIG. 3 , the second set of impellers (321 and 322 and 323) are downstream the first set of impellers (311 and 312), and the impellers (321 and 322 and 323) of the second set may have a smaller diameter than the impellers (311 and 312) of the first set. - According to the embodiment of
FIG. 3 , the impellers of the first set of impellers (311 and 312) are unshrouded and with a larger diameter than those of the second set of impellers (321 and 322 and 323). - Unshrouded impellers can rotate faster than shrouded impellers, due to the absence of the shroud; in fact, when the impeller rotates the shroud is pull outwardly by the centrifugal force acting on it and over a certain rotary speed the shroud risks to pull out the impeller.
- Thanks to the rotor configuration of the high-compression-ratio centrifugal compressor defined above, the compressor can rotate faster than traditional centrifugal compressors thus achieving a greater compression ratio.
- It is to be noted that unshrouded impellers and shrouded impellers may alternate between each other; this happens, in particular, when there is one or more auxiliary inlets and/or outlets.
- Centrifugal compressors identical or similar to the one shown in
FIG. 3 may rotate very quickly and so they can reach a very high compression ratio. Therefore, a single innovative centrifugal compressor in a single (and small) case may replace two or three or more traditional centrifugal compressors in distinct cases. - Furthermore, thanks to high rotation speeds of the impellers, high flow coefficients may be obtained.
- By using a train identical or similar to the one shown in
FIG. 2 (in particular with a compressor identical or similar to the one shown inFIG. 3 ), a high LNG production may be obtained in a smaller space and/or in a smaller footprint and with a lesser number of machines. - It is to be noted that having only one case instead of two or more cases is advantageous from many points of view:
- it simplifies installation and maintenance,
- it reduces maintenance time,
- it increases reliability (less components and less likelihood of failure),
- it reduces footprint and weight of machines,
- it reduces leakages of gasses,
- it reduces the complexity and size of the lubricant oil system.
- A train identical or similar to the one shown in
FIG. 2 is mainly designed to be used in a LNG plant. -
FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a LNG plant comprising two such trains; gear boxes are not shown but may be present. - In such embodiment, both trains are identical.
- In such embodiment, both trains implement an APCI process.
- In such embodiment, both trains comprises a compressor identical or similar to the one shown in
FIG. 3 . - A plant such as the one shown in
FIG. 4 may have a power substantially equal to the plant ofFIG. 1 . Anyway, one of the advantages of the plant ofFIG. 4 with respect to the plant ofFIG. 1 is that if one component of the plant breaks the plant ofFIG. 1 is not able to produce any LNG while the plant ofFIG. 4 will be able to produce 50% of the rated production. - This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the preferred embodiments, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.
Claims (18)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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ITUA2016A004168A ITUA20164168A1 (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2016-06-07 | COMPRESSION TRAIN WITH TWO CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS AND LNG PLANT WITH TWO CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS |
IT102016000058269 | 2016-06-07 | ||
PCT/EP2017/063790 WO2017211871A1 (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2017-06-07 | Compression train including two centrifugal compressors and lng plant including two centrifugal compressors |
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US20200318641A1 true US20200318641A1 (en) | 2020-10-08 |
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US16/305,090 Abandoned US20200318641A1 (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2017-06-07 | Compression train including two centrifugal compressors and lng plant including two centrifugal compressors |
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EP (1) | EP3464905A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP7218181B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20190015743A (en) |
CN (1) | CN109312752A (en) |
IT (1) | ITUA20164168A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017211871A1 (en) |
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US10935312B2 (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2021-03-02 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Balancing power in split mixed refrigerant liquefaction system |
CN112577211B (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-12-14 | 约克(无锡)空调冷冻设备有限公司 | Load balancing method for two compressors |
Family Cites Families (11)
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EP0757179B1 (en) * | 1995-07-31 | 2002-03-27 | MAN Turbomaschinen AG GHH BORSIG | Compression device |
JP2001234885A (en) | 2001-01-17 | 2001-08-31 | Hitachi Ltd | Multistage centrifugal compressor and impeller for multistage centrifugal compressor |
US6691531B1 (en) | 2002-10-07 | 2004-02-17 | Conocophillips Company | Driver and compressor system for natural gas liquefaction |
US6962060B2 (en) * | 2003-12-10 | 2005-11-08 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Refrigeration compression system with multiple inlet streams |
US9400134B2 (en) * | 2006-08-02 | 2016-07-26 | Shell Oil Company | Method and apparatus for liquefying a hydrocarbon stream |
ITCO20120030A1 (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2013-12-07 | Nuovo Pignone Srl | HIGH PRESSURE-RELATED COMPRESSORS WITH MULTIPLE INTERCOOLER AND RELATED METHODS |
ITFI20120112A1 (en) * | 2012-06-08 | 2013-12-09 | Nuovo Pignone Srl | "COMBINATION OF TWO GAS TURBINES TO DRIVE A LOAD" |
DE102012022131A1 (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2014-05-15 | Man Diesel & Turbo Se | Geared turbine machine |
ITFI20130076A1 (en) * | 2013-04-04 | 2014-10-05 | Nuovo Pignone Srl | "INTEGRALLY-GEARED COMPRESSORS FOR PRECOOLING IN LNG APPLICATIONS" |
JP6158008B2 (en) | 2013-09-18 | 2017-07-05 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Rotating machine |
ITCO20130071A1 (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2015-06-19 | Nuovo Pignone Srl | METHOD TO ASSEMBLE A SET OF IMPELLERS THROUGH TIE RODS, IMPELLER AND TURBOMACHINE |
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2016
- 2016-06-07 IT ITUA2016A004168A patent/ITUA20164168A1/en unknown
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2017
- 2017-06-07 US US16/305,090 patent/US20200318641A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-06-07 JP JP2018563712A patent/JP7218181B2/en active Active
- 2017-06-07 WO PCT/EP2017/063790 patent/WO2017211871A1/en unknown
- 2017-06-07 EP EP17733748.2A patent/EP3464905A1/en active Pending
- 2017-06-07 CN CN201780035122.6A patent/CN109312752A/en active Pending
- 2017-06-07 KR KR1020197000040A patent/KR20190015743A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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JP2019517638A (en) | 2019-06-24 |
ITUA20164168A1 (en) | 2017-12-07 |
KR20190015743A (en) | 2019-02-14 |
CN109312752A (en) | 2019-02-05 |
EP3464905A1 (en) | 2019-04-10 |
JP7218181B2 (en) | 2023-02-06 |
WO2017211871A1 (en) | 2017-12-14 |
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