WO2017209652A2 - Method and device (variants) for generating electrical energy by partially separating the magnetic field of a ferromagnetic substance from a magnetization coil - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to means of generating electrical energy. A method for generating electrical energy is based on converting energy during the magnetization and demagnetization of a core, and drawing off additional energy using an additional detachable secondary winding. The additional energy in the invention can be obtained during demagnetization of a core which has been premagnetized using a coil. A device (and variants thereof) comprises magnetization coils and cores, the number and position of which may differ in different embodiments of the device. The technical result is the possibility of obtaining an additional amount of electrical energy without additionally expending electrical energy on the working of the device.

Description

 Method and device (options) for generating electricity due to partial separation of the magnetic field of a ferromagnet from a magnetization coil.

Technical field

 Electrical engineering, energy, conversion technology. The prior art: there are no analogues and prototype.

 State of the art

 No analogues or prototypes were found.

Disclosure of invention

A method of generating electricity by separating the magnetic field of a ferromagnet from a magnetization coil is to create and convert magnetic fields not inductively coupled to the magnetization coil (s). The formation of these magnetic fields is achieved due to the special design and the topology of the magnetic field of the device, when only a part of the magnetic flux and magnetic energy of the core (s) from the ferromagnet are coupled to the magnetizing coil. The second stage is the conversion of all the energy of the magnetic field and magnetization coil and core from a ferromagnet during demagnetization (in reverse) into electricity. Generation is achieved by converting all the magnetic energy of the core into electricity. During demagnetization, the magnetic energy of the core from a ferromagnet that is not associated with a magnetization coil is converted to additional electricity not related to the costs of magnetization. The simplest version of the topology of the device that implements this method of generation is a current, a coil of wire, a circuit, or a magnetization coil located just next to a volume, a core of a ferromagnet. A magnetization coil located, for example, opposite the end of the core of a ferromagnet. In this case, a significant or even a large part of the energy of the magnetic field of the core from a ferromagnet is not connected inductively to the magnetization coil at all, but is closed around the core, bypassing the magnetization coil. The energy of the magnetic field is proportional to the square of the induction of the magnetic field, and therefore almost all magnetic energy is closed in the nearest zone of space around the core. The magnetic field is closed around the entire core and the shape of the magnetic field depends on the shape of the core of the ferromagnet itself, which can be used to build devices.

In traditional conventional classical electrical engineering, the magnetizing winding always covers all or almost all of the magnetic field of the core. Partially separating the magnetic field of the core from the magnetization coil, we obtain the magnetic field of the ferromagnet, which no longer affects the current setting in the magnetization coil. The principle of separation of the magnetic field of the volume of the core of the ferromagnet from the magnetization coil itself is achieved due to the special device topology and is the main feature of the invention. The generation method is achieved due to the fact that the distance from the magnetization wires to the surface of the core of the ferromagnet is sufficiently large and sufficient to form a significant closure of the magnetic flux of the ferromagnet without covering the turns with current and without forming an inductive coupling with the coil magnetization. In the device, the magnetization coil is not worn on the core itself, but rather is attached to the side, for example, to the end face at a certain distance from it. The magnitude of this distance depends on the diameter of the coil and the thickness of the core and is determined by the desired magnitude of the magnetic coupling. The simplest version of the device and the system topology is just a piece, the volume of a ferromagnet located next to the current wire. In this case, a significant part of the magnetic field is formed that does not cover the wire and is not inductively coupled to the wire. Cores can also be located around the wire, but must be separated by gaps for partial or strong separation of their magnetic fields from each other. If a wire with current forms a coil, a circuit, then the cores can be inside the circuit (but away from the wire itself), both outside and near the plane of the circuit, and also generally outside the circuit, the current coil.

 In another case (variant), the magnetization coil has a several (or many times) larger diameter, cross-section than the cross-section of the core and partially or almost completely enters the core along the plane. This is a kind of remote magnetization of the volume of a ferromagnet and it allows you to get the magnetic field of the volume of a ferromagnet that is not connected inductively (magnetically) to the magnetization coil. It is important that only one core can be used in the device, and the magnetization coil itself without a core.

The operation of the current source (energy consumption) during magnetization is always equal to the magnetic energy in the magnetization coil plus losses. The work of the current source, the energy spent on magnetization, is always equal (without taking into account losses) that and only the magnetic energy of the volume of the ferromagnet, which magnetically inductively coupled to a magnetizing coil. But all the energy of the magnetic field of the ferromagnet will always be much larger than that part of the energy of the magnetic field of the ferromagnet, which is inductively coupled to the coil. As a result, the full energy of the magnetic field of the ferromagnet will be greater than the cost of its remote (at a distance) magnetization. And the costs of electricity for magnetization themselves will always be equal only to that magnetic field energy that is inductively coupled to the magnetization coil itself. But then the total energy of the magnetic field of the core from the ferromagnet will always be greater than the part of the energy of the core field associated with the magnetization coil. A part is always less than a whole. This allows you to get the energy of the magnetic field of the core from a ferromagnet more than the cost of electricity for magnetization in the magnetization coil. The cost of electricity for magnetization is always always equal only to that magnetic energy that is directly connected inductively with the magnetization coil by magnetic flux linkage and direct inductive coupling. But only a small part of the energy of the magnetic field of the volume from the ferromagnet is inductively coupled to the magnetization coil (due to the topology of devices and fields), and the total energy of the magnetic core will always be greater than the energy of the magnetic field of the ferromagnet associated with the magnetization coil. But in order to convert all the energy of the magnetic field of a ferromagnet into electrical energy during demagnetization (on the reverse path), a special removable secondary secondary winding is needed. This removable secondary winding is not involved (the current is blocked by diodes or controlled by a rectifier) during magnetization and only works during the demagnetization phase. In the case of a pulsed flyback converter the secondary winding only works in the phase of current shutdown (or its decline) by a transistor or thyristor in the primary magnetization coil.

 The reverse mode allows you to get rid of the current reaction in the secondary winding during magnetization, but does not interfere with the conversion of the magnetic energy of the ferromagnet during demagnetization. It should be noted that the energy in a ferromagnet is stored in the form of magnetic elastic energy of domain interaction, and this value also depends on the initial induction and external constant magnetic field. When magnetizing the core with permanent magnets (or currents), it is possible to work on the cycle of not magnetizing, but already demagnetizing the core to zero or reversing the core in general. But the principle of operation of the reverse stroke remains here, this is the accumulation of magnetic elastic energy in a ferromagnet and then the return of magnetic induction to the primary state. The core magnetized by permanent magnets can also be demagnetized by the current magnetic field and even magnetized in the opposite direction to the magnetic field of the magnets. This allows you to significantly increase the maximum amplitude of magnetic induction in the core of a ferromagnet, almost twice (maximum) than simply on the magnetization cycle from zero induction. Also, the presence of a demagnetizing field of permanent magnets makes it possible to reduce the decay time of magnetic induction to zero when the magnetization current is turned off and to reduce residual induction in the core. Magnets can be located both sequentially at the ends of the core, and parallel to it.

The very form of the ferromagnet core is very important. It can be a core of a simple straight shape or have end protrusions to reduce the demagnetizing factor and create a certain shape W

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magnetic field around the core. For example, a ferrite core may be in the form of a dumbbell to form a specific topology of the magnetic field and reduce the demagnetization of the end parts. The shape of the dumbbell and the end protrusions can be like that of the whole core (or entire sheets of the charge) and can be in the form of separate end pads reproving the end face. Such a stacked core of a ferromagnet already consists of three parts in the form of a central core and two side cores in the form of overlays on the ends. It can use the usual serial or special core made of ferrite in the form of a dumbbell or any close or similar shape (and in one projection). The lined core is made in the form of a pack of sheets of transformer or electrical (steel for dynamo machines) steel of direct or special shape or consist of several packs of steel. In this case, the direction of the scattering magnetic fields of the charge core along and across the direction of the charge will vary significantly and this must be taken into account when designing devices. The greatest magnetic scattering will be along the plane of the sheets of the mixture, and not across, the sheets, which is associated with eddy currents in the sheets of steel. The end plates are located across the end and allow the magnetic field scattering of the core to be directed sideways from the end of the core and to reduce the magnetic connection with the magnetization coils. The end plate essentially as a magnetic shunt rotates the magnetic fluxes of the core to the sides.

The devices operate on the principle of creating, storing magnetic energy and its conversion during demagnetization and disconnection of current. Demagnetizing currents as in a conventional transformer do not occur during magnetization because they are blocked by diodes or a controlled rectifier from transistors or thyristors. This is the so-called reverse mode. The current in the secondary winding goes only into the phase of disconnection and decay of the current in the magnetization coil.

The principle of the reverse stroke can be implemented in a pulse conversion with the opening of the magnetizing current in the primary circuit of the coil using a transistor, relay, brush collector or lockable thyristor. As well as any other type of keys such as vacuum tubes, gas discharges and other methods. The device can simply be powered by pulsating voltage and current from any external special power source. The voltage and current can be variable, but with a constant component or any other form of rise and fall of the current. With alternating current of any shape, there are also phases of current growth and phases of current decrease, which can be used to implement the principle of reverse motion. Converters of reverse motion in pulse converting technology can be of different schemes, for example, booster, chopper or inverting converters and any other circuit. You can use any of the options for the implementation of the method and device generation. The magnetization coil and secondary windings can work independently (for different loads) or work in parallel on a common capacitive (capacitor) voltage combiner. And also they can work together and sequentially on one common load. In this case, in the demagnetization phase and during a decrease in the magnetization current, the magnetization coil itself and the removable secondary winding on the core are simply connected in series to a common load. In this case, their EMF and voltages and magnetic energies are added together in total, being converted into electricity in the total load. Sequential inclusion allows you to use immediately together coils and windings with different voltages and EMF for one load. A capacitor adder is not needed in this case.

The principle of separation of the magnetic field and the ferromagnet is implemented due to the special topology of the device. Separation of the magnetic field of a ferromagnet from the current occurs simply if the volume of the ferromagnet is located next to the wire with current or next to the turns of the coil both inside the circuit with the current and on its external side. Moreover, a significant part of the energy of the magnetic field of the core, the volume of the ferromagnet closes without current coverage and without inductive coupling with the magnetization current. This part of the energy of the magnetic field of the system that the current source “does not see” during magnetization and the current source does not spend electricity on this energy of the magnetic field of the ferromagnet. But this component of the magnetic field of a ferromagnet (not related to magnetization currents) can be converted in the reverse direction by using an additional winding into additional electricity. The volume of the ferromagnet can simply be located next to the current, either as a direct wire, for example, or in the form of a coil. A ferromagnet can also be located inside a large circuit (or coil with current) whose diameter is several or many times larger than the core cross section and its length. A ferromagnet can be located generally outside the circuit or coils of the coil, but next to it, for example. The magnetization coil can be flat as in the form of a coil with current. The length of the magnetization coil can be much less than the length of the core itself and the core can partially or completely go inside the coil volume or in its plane. In this case, magnetization still applies to the entire core of the ferromagnet due to the magnetic domain interactions. The magnetization coil can be as flat as a coil, and this reduces the volume of magnetic energy and the cost of magnetization. Magnetic energy depends not only on the magnitude of the square induction of the magnetic field, but also on the volume of the magnetic field itself. And this determines the cost of electricity for magnetization. For magnetization, often enough and local (in space) strong magnetic field strength in the region of the core part of the ferromagnet. This allows you to significantly (at times) reduce the cost of electricity for magnetization and have a sufficiently strong magnetic induction in a ferromagnet. Magnetization extends to the entire volume of a ferromagnet. The length of the coil can be significantly less than the length of the core (s) of the ferromagnet. The magnetization coil can be either solid or consist of separate sections spaced in space for a more uniform magnetization of the core. The magnetization coil can operate immediately on two or three cores (or more). The best design option is the use of several cores, as this gives more magnetic energy to ferromagnets. For example, one magnetization coil operates on two cores and its plane is located between or near the ends of the cores separated by an air gap. Such a core can be represented as at first a single core, but then as if sawn in half and spread apart by a certain gap between the ends. The dimensions of the cross section or the diameter of the magnetization coil can be several times and many times larger than the dimensions of the cross section or the diameter of the core itself (s). This allows you to increase the effect of the magnetic field of the magnetization coil by a distance along the length of the cores and reduce the magnetic the connection of this magnetization coil with the magnetic field of the cores themselves. The magnetization coil at the same time covers the gap between the cores, which also reduces the magnetic coupling with them. The ends of the cores also mutually magnetize slightly each other through the gap to enhance induction. But the main role in the magnetization of the cores of a ferromagnet is played by the magnetic field of the magnetization current in the coil along the cores.

The device can also be of three cores, of a ferromagnet also separated by large gaps for a strong separation of their magnetic fields. In this case, the magnetization coil is also better to make several or many times larger than the cross section, the dimensions of the sides of the cores themselves. The magnetization coil can cover in volume only one central core or partially or completely go along the planes on two side cores. The length of the magnetization coil can be much less than the length of the central core with a relatively large enlarged diameter to reduce magnetic coupling with the core field. To reduce magnetic coupling and the cost of magnetization, the central core can have several times smaller cross-sectional area than the side cores and have a small length relative to. The cross-sectional area (and the cross-sectional shape itself) of the central core can be almost the same or specifically several times smaller than the cross-sectional area of the side cores. The central core is used as an auxiliary to increase the mutual magnetization through the gaps. All this allows to reduce the cost of magnetization (and the size of the coil) and increase magnetic flux not associated with the coil. The useful energy of the magnetic field is removed from all three ferromagnet cores during demagnetization. A three-core device is one of the simplest and most technologically advanced devices. As already described, the magnetization coil (devices with cores outside the magnetization coil) can have (as an option) and a small internal (central) auxiliary core of a ferromagnet, but this is not a prerequisite. In this case, all three cores are used to generate. The device can integrally consist of any number of magnetization coils (coil sections) and any number of ferromagnet cores of various shapes and cross-sectional areas to reduce the cost of magnetization and increase the magnetic energy of the fields of the ferromagnet outside the magnetization coils.

The device can work, and generally only with one core of a ferromagnet. Any one single core can be represented as an integral sum of consecutive cores with small, small gaps. An important difference from magnetization options with a special inductor core in the magnetization coil is that additional energy is removed from all the cores of the system. And the simplest version of the device can be only on one core of a ferromagnet and with one magnetization coil. The core is partially or completely inserted into the magnetization coil or is almost adjacent to its plane. The magnetization coil itself can be uniform, uniform in density of turns, or heterogeneous, or even consist of several separate sections separated, spaced a certain distance. This allows you to create a more uniform induction along the core due to its stronger local magnetization of its end parts and an increase in the total longitudinal uniform magnetization. Sections (two) can be moved closer to the ends of the core to reduce magnetic coupling with the core field. This is due to the fact that the magnetic equator of the core will always have maximum magnetic flux linkage. This is better than the location of one magnetization coil near the middle of the core, as it reduces magnetic coupling and the cost of magnetization with a stronger local magnetization of the end parts of the core. To reduce magnetic coupling with the core, an increase (by several times) in the diameter or sides of the cross section of the magnetization coil of round, rectangular, etc. of any shape is also used. To reduce the demagnetizing factor, one whole core can be replaced by a bundle of separate parallel cores in the form of rods or plates, but separated by dielectric gaps to reduce mutual demagnetization. Such a core can be considered as many separate cores or as one stacked core of individual parts in the form of a bundle or bundle. Each such core pack may also have its own removable winding for converting the entire magnetic field of the core. The windings are all combined in parallel and sequentially to a common load or drive. A pack can also work as one single stacked core. With the same total useful cross-sectional area, the magnetization and magnetic induction of such a stacked core of rods or plates will be greater. This is due to the fact that cores more elongated with respect to the width have a significantly lower demagnetization coefficient. This original new technical solution is almost never used in conventional electrical engineering, but is useful for increasing the magnetization of open cores. It is also important that the cross-sectional shape of the core itself, with the same cross-sectional area, a round-shaped core will always have a much larger demagnetization coefficient than a rectangular elongated or elongated rounded cross-sectional core or a core almost flat in cross-section. This sectional shape can be used to design the device to reduce the demagnetizing factor. In this case, the magnetization coil must also be elongated rectangular in the desired section and have a sufficient distance from the core surface to form a magnetic flux of scattering inside the coil. This elongated rectangular cross-sectional shape must also take into account that the magnetic flux of scattering is mainly closed along the more elongated side of the rectangular cross-section. This factor should be taken into account when choosing the direction of the charge in the lined core of steel plates. In this direction, the size parameters of the magnetization coil are made. This cross-sectional shape allows devices to be more compact when stacked in modules than just round-shaped coils. The elongated rectangular or round (without sharp corners) shape of the core and magnetization coil increases the flow rate of the wire, but this section shape is more convenient and more effective with the same cross-sectional working area. To reduce the demagnetizing factor, a lined core made of steel plates can have an increased thickness of insulating gaskets made of a dielectric between plates or sheets of steel, or the core itself has periodically located gaps from the dielectric, which, as it were, break the core into separate parallel packets. These are all design options where the core is located either next to the magnetization coil or generally inside the magnetization coil. This topology can be integrated integrally into a closed magnetic system such as a torus or a rectangular chain (with gaps) of many coils and cores. In this integral design, the magnetic fields of the coils partially overlap and add up, reinforcing each other, and the cores mutually magnetize each other through the gaps. The device may contain one common magnetization coil and any large number of small, micro-cores (with windings) or cores in the form of particles of a ferromagnet located both in series and parallel to each other. Each such core has its own removable winding.

The degree of magnetic interaction and magnetic coupling between them can be different, but all the distances between the cores must be selected so that significant magnetic scattering fields are always formed, closed only around the cores in the near zone of space. All these magnetic scattering fields and this magnetic energy are inductively in no way connected with the magnetization coil. The magnetization current is supplied only to one common external magnetization coil, but the magnetic energy during demagnetization is already removed from the magnetization coil and from all cores, micro-cores or particles of a ferromagnet (in dielectric) located inside the magnetization coil. In this case, the entire magnetic energy of all internal (relative to the coil) magnetic fields of dispersion of all cores, microcores or particles of a ferromagnet is converted into additional electric energy. All windings of all cores (particles) from a ferromagnet are already combined together in groups in parallel and (or) sequentially for a common or different load or for a common energy storage device in the form of a battery or a block of capacitors. Such the magnetic system can be direct (open magnetically at the ends) in the form of a coil of the solenoid type (with cores) or in the form of a more complex closed magnetic system such as a torus or a rectangular magnetic circuit to close the general magnetic field inside the system. This allows you to make a partial magnetic isolation of the environment.

 But the cores can be located just next to or around a straight wire (s) or a coil with current tangential to the magnetic field of the current. The magnetic field of direct or almost direct current, a turn, and other things forms concentric lines of magnetic induction closed around the wire with current. This version of the topology also allows the use of a large number of cores, a large total magnetic flux and the total energy of the magnetic field with a single coil, circuit, magnetization coil. Each core also has its own removable winding, which is needed to convert all the magnetic energy of the core, including that which is not inductively connected to the magnetization coil.

A ferromagnet may also be in the form of a torus, which covers the current, but this torus must be divided by large gaps into separate segments for the partial separation of their magnetic fields. We can say that these are simply several or many cores located tangent to the magnetic field of the current. Such cores are magnetized along the tangent current field and also magnetically mutually magnetize each other through large gaps, forming a magnetic circuit. Such magnetic circuits from segments seem to cover the wire and current. But because of the large gaps, the magnetic fields of the cores are closed mainly directly around them in the near zone, and do not form a magnetic circuit. In this case, magnetic fields of segments that are no longer inductively connected with current or coil turns. This is a kind of almost closed magnetic circuit, and it can be in the form of a torus or a rectangular shape from segments with gaps and consist of any number of segments of a ferromagnet. Each such separate segment of a torus from a ferromagnet must have its own removable secondary winding (section) to convert the entire magnetic field of the ferromagnet of the segment. The size of the gaps between the segments of the magnetic circuit is selected so as to obtain a significant separation of the magnetic fields of the segments (and their energy) greater than the formation of the total magnetic flux. This allows you to get significant magnetic energy segments and convert it into additional electricity. On one direct wire with current or on the turns of the coil, many magnetic circuits can be strung in the form of a torus or a rectangular shape and any shape. Cores, or rather volumes from a ferromagnet, can simply be located next to the current, circuit, or coil, both outside the current circuit and outside the plane of the circuit or outside the volume of the magnetizing coil. The core is located either outside the plane of the current loop, but next to it, or is displaced in any direction relative to the axis of the loop. The core (s) can be located and generally only outside the magnetization coil at its ends or even stand side by side, as it were, but the magnetization is not very effective. If the coil has a diameter or section size (the shape of the section can be any) several times larger than the section short relative to the core, then the core can be located anywhere inside the coil and in the center or closer to the periphery. The magnetic fields of the core are partially closed directly inside the circuit and without inductive coupling with it. Magnetization of a ferromagnet is the most effective, but the device must have a coil magnetization of large diameter, cross-section. The main thing is that a significant part of the energy of the magnetic field of the core (s) is closed inside the coil, but without inductive coupling with the very turns of this coil. In terms of physical effect, this is also just a closure of the magnetic field outside the plane of the magnetizing coil. But at the same time, maximum magnetization is achieved due to the location of the core of the ferromagnet in the magnetization circuit. A decrease in the magnetic coupling of the coil with the core field occurs due to an increase in the diameter of the coil or simply due to the displacement of the core itself slightly relative to the plane of the magnetization coil. It is important both the distance from the core to the wires of the magnetization coil and the very direction of the lines of the magnetic induction of the coil and the magnetic flux of the core.

It is important to clearly understand that it is not the formal presence of flux linkage that is important, but the real effective magnetization and effective magnetic flux linkage. The presence of, for example, a separate coil (or several) of a magnetization coil on the core itself (with full flux linkage) does not mean that the costs of magnetization are associated with the entire field of the core from a ferromagnet. When trying to get around my patent for the invention, they can also use the fact that the arrangement of several turns (for example, with hundreds of other turns of the coil) of the magnetizing coil formally violates the formula that there is a magnetic field not inductively coupled inductively with the magnetizing coil. The situation is also complicated if there are any turns and sections that are included in the opposite, and it is necessary to take into account the contribution to magnetization and the cost of electricity for magnetization from each turn. In this case, individual spaced turns of the magnetization coil, in principle, can be coupled with the entire magnetic field of the core, but this is not related to effective magnetization. It is important not the formal flux linkage of individual turns and fields of the core, but the effective magnetization and the most effective magnetic flux linkage of fields and turns. Magnetic flux linkage of individual turns of the magnetization coil with the core field from a ferromagnet may be, but this may not be connected with the real effective magnetization of this core, or the contribution to the magnetization effect is simply small and negligible. Any partial flux linkage of some part of the turns of the magnetization coil and the magnetic field of the cores from the ferromagnet is possible, but only effective (and not formal) magnetization and flux linkage of the fields, as well as the associated energy costs for magnetization itself, must always be taken into account.

The ferromagnet itself is formed by quantum currents of magnetic moments of electrons (spins) and does not have inductive impedance. In this case, the ferromagnet is an independent carrier of magnetic field energy. To magnetize a ferromagnet and generate its magnetic energy, it is not the current and voltage that is needed in the coil from the wire, for example, but only the external external magnetic field initiating the magnetic current in the wires. For generation, it is only necessary to partially inductively separate the intrinsic magnetic field of the ferromagnet from the magnetization coil itself. This is a kind of remote magnetization at a certain distance from the wires of the magnetizing coil. This technique and the generation method allows you to get additional energy of the magnetic field of the volume of the ferromagnet without the cost of electricity of the current source. And when demagnetization (on the return stroke) this additional and all the energy of the magnetic field of the volume of the ferromagnet can it is easy to convert to electricity using a special removable secondary winding, which is located on the core itself and covers the entire magnetic field of the core. The essence of the generation method consists in magnetizing a ferromagnet, generating magnetic field energy outside the magnetization coil, and then converting all the magnetic field energy of the ferromagnet (during demagnetization) through a special additional removable secondary winding on the core itself. The secondary winding only works on the reverse stroke in the demagnetization phase. The reverse mode allows you to effectively obtain and convert the magnetic energy of the core without the effect of demagnetization, as in conventional transformers. The devices (and the method itself) operate in the phase of magnetic energy storage of the ferromagnet and in the phase of its transformation. In the demagnetization phase, the magnetizing winding and the secondary coil can be connected together in series or in parallel for one common load or work for different loads or for one through a common voltage adder from capacitors.

The simplest type of device for implementing this method is a magnetization coil simply located next to the end face of a simple straight core made of a ferromagnet in the form of a rod or bar. The magnetization coil may have a cross section smaller, equal, close or larger than the cross section of the core itself (or one of its cross sections). The magnetization coil can be in diameter and cross section several and many times larger than the cross section of the core itself and partially along the plane to go to the end part of the core or to be at a distance from the plane of the end face of the core. Magnetizing coils of a larger diameter give a stronger magnetic field at the same distance from the section plane than the coils smaller diameter or section. For stronger magnetization, two coils can be placed on both sides of the core opposite each end for magnetization on both sides at once. Another simplest version of the device is a closed core with a large air gap in which the magnetization coil is located. In this device, one magnetization coil in the gap already magnetizes two ends of the closed core in the form of a rectangular or round magnetic circuit. The gap is specially made large and the magnetic field of the core is closed mainly not through the gap, but through the air around the entire core, as in a straight core in the form of a rod. One magnetization coil magnetizes immediately two ends of one almost closed core. You can rectangular magnetic circuit or in the form of a torus, simple or branched. The magnetic circuit can be solid or consist of individual segments of a ferromagnet. The magnetic circuit segments can be further separated by small air gaps to partially separate the magnetic fields of these segments. This allows you to increase the total magnetic flux of all cores with the same sectional area of the segments. The magnetic circuit can have two or more magnetization coils between the segments for a larger total magnetic flux in the device. But the simplest version of the device is one core (direct or almost closed) and one magnetization coil. In a device with a direct core, it is better to make two magnetization coils for magnetizing the core from two ends at once. These two coils can be represented simply and as two spaced apart in space sections of one magnetizing coil. In the case of a closed or, more precisely, almost closed core with a gap, one magnetization coil is sufficient, which acts immediately on two ends core. This is a kind of closed (semi-closed) version of the design of the device and the magnetic system and its analogue is a straight rod with a magnetizing coil at the end of the core. These are the simplest device options with just one core. In these devices, the magnetic field of the core of the ferromagnet is closed, as it were, on the side, away from the magnetization coil itself. But the magnetization coil is of especially large diameter, which is several or many times larger than the cross section of the core, can even partially go (along its plane) onto the end part of the core (s) for stronger magnetization. The core can be located completely inside the magnetization coil, the diameter of which is several or many times larger than the cross section of the core and approximately (plus or minus) is comparable to the length of the core of the ferromagnet.

A core of a ferromagnet of a certain length can be located directly inside the magnetization coil, the diameter of which is several times, many times larger than the cross section of the core. In this case, the distance from the wires of the magnetization coil to the core surface is sufficient to completely close a large part of the energy of the magnetic field of the ferromagnet inside the magnetization coil without flux linkage and without inductive coupling with the magnetization coil. In principle, the magnetic field of the core can be closed either to the side (side) of the magnetization coil or directly inside the magnetization coil. For this, the core itself should not be long, and the magnetization coil should be comparable in diameter to approximately the length of this core made of a ferromagnet. The magnitude of the magnetic coupling of the coil-core can be widely varied technically in the desired limit due to different cross-sectional sizes, the diameter of the magnetization coil, and also the length and the thickness of the cross section of the core of the ferromagnet. The diameter of the magnetization coil or its cross section (rectangular, for example) should be several or many times larger than the cross section of the core itself. And the length of the core should not significantly exceed the diameter or cross section of the magnetization coil. It is better to use shorter cores. The core can be located either in the center (preferably) or arbitrarily in a magnetization coil of large diameter. The distance from the wires of the magnetization coil to the surface of the core should be sufficient so that there is room for shorting a significant part of the energy of the magnetic field of the core inside the magnetization coil and without inductive coupling with the coil.

The magnetic field and magnetic energy of the cores are closed to a significant extent inside the magnetization coil itself. To convert all the magnetic energy of the core into electricity, a special removable secondary winding is located on it, which works only on the reverse stroke during demagnetization. This secondary winding can be connected in parallel or sequentially to the total load together with the magnetizing coil or to operate on a separate load. Many of these large-diameter coils with cores (arranged sequentially and mutually magnetizing each other through the gaps) can form a common total, integral system. The magnetic chain can be in the form of a direct or closed magnetic circuit, including a branched magnetic circuit. In this case, individual magnetization coils can be represented as separate sections of a common magnetization coil. A device of this type is a magnetization coil (solid or in separate sections) and stacked core in the form of sequentially arranged cores through the gaps. The size of the gaps can be different for different devices, from small gaps to cases where the cores interact weakly through large gaps. Such a total core can be represented as a kind of a common stacked core, but also as a set of generally separate cores arranged in series through gaps.

 To reduce the demagnetizing factor, the core itself from a ferromagnet can be made not integral, but assembled in the form of a bundle of parallel rods of round or rectangular cross section or flat plates separated by non-magnetic insulating spacers. Such narrower rods or plates are more easily magnetized and have a lower demagnetization coefficient. This gives a stronger induction of magnetization.

In burnt cores made of transformer or electrical steel plates, the insulation between the plates can be significantly increased due to gaskets made of plastic, cardboard, etc. The thickness of the dielectric plates can be comparable with the thickness of the plates themselves or even sheets of steel. This sharply reduces the demagnetizing factor and increases the induction of the magnetic field with the same length and thickness of the entire typeset core of the ferromagnet. In principle, the device may simply not have a monolithic core (solid), but a series of individual cores located parallel and separated by gaps from the dielectric to reduce mutual demagnetization. Such a core can be represented as a kind of stacked core in the form of a bundle of rods or plates, but also as a set of simply separated individual cores in the form of rods or plates. Moreover, each core in the bundle may have its own removable secondary winding.

Also, the core can also be stacked in the form of sequentially arranged segments separated by air gaps (from a dielectric) for the effect of partial separation of their magnetic fields. Around each core, its own magnetic field is also formed due to gaps. The total magnetic flux of such a stacked core from segments can be much larger than that of a whole core with such a cross-sectional area. These are devices with a large number of cores. The magnetization coil can be completely surrounded by ferromagnet cores on all sides or as if inserted into the window of a whole or type-setting, simple or branched magnetic circuit. It can be a rectangular magnetic circuit, in the window of which a magnetization coil (without a core) is simply inserted. Two counter magnetic fluxes are formed in the core, and more in a branched magnetic circuit. The magnetization coil of a flat shape (short and wide) can be completely filled both externally and internally with ferromagnet cores, but so that there would be a place to close the magnetic fields of the cores, which do not cover (or partially cover) the wires of the magnetization coil. Any device of any complex shape can be easily technically presented as an integral sum of individual cores and one or more magnetization coils. Any topology of the magnetic circuit can be assembled from separate magnetization coils from cores of various shapes of whole or prefabricated in the form of segments. Cores can be joined as segments with large gaps to separate magnetic fields or with minimal gaps to obtain just the desired shape of the core. The cross-sectional shape of the magnetization coil can be of various shapes, steep, rectangular or rounded. The magnetization coil can be flat, short, cylindrical or in the form of separate spaced sections. To improve the magnetization efficiency, you can use two magnetization coils located on both sides of the ends of one core. In this case, the core of the ferromagnet is magnetized immediately on both sides and the magnetic fields of the coils add up, which increases the efficiency and uniformity of magnetization. One magnetization coil can be located between two cores of a ferromagnet, located in the gap between the cores. In this case, one coil magnetizes two cores at once. The magnetization coil can partially go along the plane at the ends of the cores, provided that the diameter, cross section of the coil is many times larger than the cross section of the core itself. But the simplest version of the device is a device with only one core from a ferromagnet. But device options are possible with any large number of cores. Any device with a large number of cores and sections of the magnetization coil can be represented simply as the total integral performance of individual elements with one core. The magnetization coil of large diameter can partially go (along the plane of the ends of the coil) on the ends or on any parts of the cores themselves. Various smooth variations of the magnetic coupling are possible and any ratio of the length of the coil and the length of the core (s) from the ferromagnet. This applies to different devices and with any number of cores. The magnetic coupling of individual cores and magnetization coils can generally be different in one device with a large number of cores. The magnetic effect of the coil field on the cores along the axis (from the plane) of the coil increases with its diameter and this can be used in devices for more effective remote magnetization at a distance. This allows better magnetization of the cores with less magnetic feedback from the magnetizing coil.

The device may consist, for example, of a magnetizing coil of a relatively large diameter or cross section (and rectangular, for example) and three cores. In this case, the magnetization coil (large diameter) can cover only the central core along the plane of the end parts or partially go to the side cores or only to the gaps or partially and to the two side two cores themselves. Various smooth variations of the topology of mutual arrangement and magnetic coupling are possible here, but they are not of fundamental importance. The magnetization coil can be either less than the central core in length, or approximately equal to it (taking into account the gaps), or be longer than the length of the central core. The magnetization coil can go edges (along the planes of the ends) on the side cores to varying degrees in different variations of the mutual inductive magnetic coupling. Due to this, the magnetic connection with the core is regulated. The shape of the cores can be ordinary in the form of rods of rectangular or rounded cross-section or in the form of plates of a ferromagnet (ferrite, etc.). But cores of a special shape can also be used. For example, cores in the form of a carcass shape (or a shape similar to that of a bobbin for threads) of a rectangular or rounded cross section, such as those used for ferrite inductors. This special form of ferrite is also called a dumbbell. The shape of a ferrite dumbbell is similar in shape to a bobbin for cable or wires. The sectional shape of the parts may be round or rectangular. To increase the magnetization, the core may have separate serrated lateral protrusions at the ends. In this case, the scattering magnetic field of the end parts always always concentrates very strongly on these protrusions, ledges and teeth of the ends. The presence of lateral protrusions (at the end) of a ferromagnet core significantly changes the topology of the magnetic field, since magnetic fluxes are concentrated on different protrusions. The lateral protrusions of the ferromagnet concentrate and direct magnetic fluxes to the side from the ends of the core, which reduces the length of the lines of induction and improves the closure of magnetic energy in the near zone of the core. Side protrusions can be made at the whole core or made in the form of separate transverse overlays on the end parts. Cores of a special shape with lateral protrusions in particular can drastically reduce the overall magnetic coupling with the magnetization coil at the same distances, gaps and sizes. In profile, such a core has an H-shape. The lateral protrusions also significantly reduce the demagnetizing factor for the core of the ferromagnet with the same longitudinal length of the core. The device may be in the form of a ferrite core in the form of a frame for threads and a magnetization coil, the diameter of which is several times larger than the cross section of the core and is comparable with the length of the core itself. The magnetic energy of the core is largely, for the most part, closed inside such a magnetization coil, and the electric current source is no longer wasted on its formation. And on the core itself there is a special removable secondary winding for converting all the energy of the magnetic field of the core from a ferromagnet. This is one of the two basic principles of magnetic field separation topology. Magnetic field may be closed outside the plane of the coil (side) or partially or completely directly in the plane of the coil due to the dimensions of the magnetization coil itself, which is several times or many times larger than the cross section of the core itself. It is important to take into account the length of the ferromagnet core itself. A shorter core closes the magnetic field in the near zone of space better than a longer core. A stacked core made up of many short cores located in series (through large gaps) can significantly reduce the cross-sectional width and the diameter of the magnetization coil. In such a stacked core with gaps around each short core, its own scattering magnetic field is formed, which is closed in the near zone of space. This stacked core can significantly reduce the diameter and cross section of the magnetization coil. The device represents a magnetization coil and a core (solid or type-setting) inside it with a secondary winding. The diameter or cross section of the magnetization coil is several or many times larger than the cross section of the core itself. This is necessary to close part of the energy of the magnetic field of the core inside the magnetization coil. During demagnetization, a magnetizing coil and a secondary winding are connected to the load. Each core of the stacked core should have its own section of the secondary winding, which covers all the intrinsic magnetic field of the scattering of each core.

The magnetization coil can be simply inserted into the air gap of a closed (almost closed) magnetic circuit, and then one magnetization coil already works immediately on two ends of the core. A magnetic circuit with a gap can be rectangular or in the form of a torus, and also can be simple or branched, including three-dimensional, of four, or more branches. A simple magnetic circuit should have a gap for the location of the magnetization coil, the cross section of which is comparable to approximately the cross section of the ends of the magnetic circuit. The magnetization of two ends at once magnetizes the entire core in the form of a torus or in the form of a rectangular magnetic circuit. In fact, it is an almost closed core and one magnetization coil, which works immediately on two ends of this core. The magnetic circuit of the device can be simple or branched from three (from the central and two side branches), four or five branches. Most of the magnetic field of such a core in the form of a magnetic circuit with a gap is not inductively connected to the magnetization coil.

The magnetic circuit can also be in the form of many segments with large gaps for separating the magnetic fields of the cores, and instead of a magnetizing coil, just a straight wire (or coil turns) in the window of the magnetic circuit in the form of such a stacked core (as in current transformers). The magnetic circuit can be rectangular or in the form of a torus or rounded. The magnetization coil in such a device can be made in the form of a straight wire (or turns of a large coil) in the center of the window of such a magnetic circuit or as separate sections located in different sectors. A significant part of the magnetic field energy of the segments of this magnetic circuit due to large gaps is closed only around each segment and is not connected to the wires and turns of the coil (coil sections) of magnetization. The scattering magnetic fields of individual segments are closed both in the outer regions of the space around the magnetic circuit and in the window of this stacked magnetic circuit if the magnetic circuit window is sufficiently large. The magnetic circuit window can be specially enlarged to increase the scattering of the magnetic field and the number of segments. For To increase the generation efficiency, it is also advantageous to use branched magnetic circuits (with three, four, five branches) from segments, since with the same magnetization coil it is possible to magnetize several times more the number of magnetic branches and segments from a ferromagnet.

Each such segment of the magnetic circuit must have its own section of the secondary removable coil to convert all the energy of the magnetic field of the magnetization coil. The magnetization current is fed into a direct wire in the window of the magnetic circuit or in the section of the magnetization coil, and during demagnetization, the magnetic energy of the scattering fields of all core segments through the secondary windings is converted to additional electricity. This is a relatively closed type of magnetic circuit and magnetic system. But unlike all ordinary magnetic circuits in classical electrical engineering, magnetic scattering fields around each core (segment) that are not inductively coupled inductively with magnetization coils here specifically form a common magnetic field. This is a kind of multiplication of the magnetic field due to gaps and its special separation from the magnetization current. The cores in such a partially closed magnetic system slightly magnetize each other through the gaps, but the magnitude of this interaction may be different depending on the magnitude of these gaps. The magnetization of the segments is also greatly affected by the magnetic field of the magnetizing current, the magnetic field of the current in the coil, and both the local field and the magnetic field along the circuit (total current law). In devices of this type, many cores can be used at once, and the mutual magnetization through the gaps significantly reduces the demagnetizing factor for ferromagnet cores. But fundamentally in terms of the physics of the process and the principle of generation, there are no differences from the simplest device with one core.

The devices can operate in a pulsed flyback converter mode, when the current in the primary circuit is interrupted by a transistor, lockable by a thyristor or other key, such as a brush collector or lamp. It is possible to work simply from an external special source of pulsating current and voltage. It will be a kind of DC-DC amplifying DC / DC converter with much more than 100% efficiency. Such devices can be used to enhance the charge recharge of batteries or capacitor banks in uninterruptible or autonomous power systems. The magnetization coil and the secondary winding are turned on when charging in the mode and according to the booster converter circuit and work to charge the batteries or capacitor. When the magnetic field energy is accumulated from the direct current source, only the magnetization coil works, and during demagnetization, the secondary winding is switched on in series with the magnetization coil (and the direct current source) and the energy goes to the second direct current storage device. The conversion of all the energy of the magnetic field of the ferromagnet by the secondary winding induces additional electricity, which also enters the second drive of constant voltage. In this case, one battery or capacitor (ionistor, etc.) is discharged, and the other is charged, but the second is charged at a higher energy than the first is discharged. The total energy of the two batteries increases, which allows you to create uninterrupted DC power supplies and without any external recharging. In such devices, due to the DC-DC converter with Efficiency greater than 100% can recharge batteries or capacitors without an external voltage source. This allows you to create fully autonomous DC power supplies for powering any electronics, household appliances, communications and navigation equipment, toys and other electronics and equipment.

 The energy conversion according to the booster circuit of the pulse converter allows you to sharply increase the power factor when working on charging a capacitor bank or battery, in order to overcome the voltage already created on the battery or capacitor. In this case, the primary voltage source, magnetization coil and secondary winding (when the key is opened) are connected in series to charge the secondary capacitor or battery. This allows you to recharge the second DC source (batteries, capacitors) with more energy than the first one discharged. In total, such a system of DC voltage storage devices is never discharged and can even increase the accumulated charge. Independent or parallel operation of coils and windings for different loads or drives according to different switching schemes is possible.

The magnetization coil and the secondary winding can operate either sequentially for the total load according to the voltage boosting (booster) converter circuit and in parallel for different loads or for a common special capacitive voltage combiner from capacitors. In a capacitive capacitor voltage combiner, individual capacitors are charged independently and in parallel, and then they are turned on and discharged together in series to the total load. Additional energy generates secondary winding due to the conversion of the entire magnetic field of the core of their ferromagnet into additional electricity.

It is also possible to work directly from an AC network or an alternating pulse (rectangular from an inverter) or sinusoidal voltage, including industrial frequency. In the phase of current rise (and magnetization), only the magnetization coil works, and in the phase of current decrease and demagnetization, the secondary winding also works, which is connected in series with the primary to the total load. Thus, by switching the windings to the desired phases, you can immediately get a direct amplification of AC power of any, including industrial frequency. Such AC amplifiers can be used to self-excite the oscillating LC circuit and cut off the consumption current from the network or simply directly amplify the power of the common network or the power of the alternator for autonomous power supply. The conversion of energy through the secondary winding gives additional energy to the circuit during recession, decrease in current and allows you to receive undamped oscillations of the alternating current even under load. During the growth phase, the current works, only the magnetization coil is included in the circuit, and during the phase of decreasing current and current decrease, the secondary winding is connected in series with it to generate additional reactive electric power of alternating current. This makes it possible to amplify both pulsating current and alternating current of any voltage form, including industrial frequency, sinusoidal alternating current, both single-phase current and three-phase current (three devices for each phase). The AC amplifier device can work directly directly on alternating current and on a pulsating current of only one polarity, but already then two devices will be needed (pull push) for each phase of alternating current. For a three-phase circuit, six devices will already be needed. A device for amplifying alternating current can also work with a pulsating voltage and current and can be switched on according to the scheme of excitation of an alternating current circuit as in a three-point oscillator.

 The concept of demagnetization and magnetization is conditional, since the energy in a ferromagnet is stored in the form of magnetic elastic energy of the domains of a ferromagnet. When magnetizing the core with permanent magnets, one can work both on the magnetization cycle and magnetization reversal of magnetic induction in the opposite direction. The magnetization reversal of the core in the opposite direction doubles almost the full amplitude of the magnetic induction, which increases the useful EMF and the power of the device. Magnetization of the core with permanent magnets sharply increases the magnetic total interaction of the domains of a ferromagnet with the current magnetization field in both weak and strong magnetic fields. The use of magnetization reversal of the core magnetized by permanent magnets can also dramatically increase the amplitude of magnetic induction during operation to increase the EMF and the total power of the device. A permanent magnet core with an external magnetic current field can be magnetized, demagnetized to zero, or reversed in general to increase the voltage amplitude.

It is also important to understand that there is and is important effective magnetization and formally even the presence of several (or even more) turns of the magnetization coil on the core of the ferromagnet (in order to bypass the patent, for example) does not change the essence of the magnetic process and the work of magnetization. It is only important that the general work on magnetization determined by the balance of ampere turns of the magnetization coil and the topology of the device.

Devices start with the simplest options on a single core, when the magnetization coil is adjacent to one end of the core or a coil of a larger diameter (cross section) partially enters the end along the plane of the coil. The simplest option is a single magnetization coil, simply adjacent to the end face of one straight core (simple or special shape). The second option is already two coils from two sides, from two ends of the core and which work in pairs for mutual amplification, and the core is magnetized immediately from two sides. This option can also be considered simply as two certain two sections of the same common magnetization spaced in space, but which together work on the same core. The magnetization coils can either adjoin the ends of the core or partially go on them along the plane, but the coil should be significantly or several times larger than the cross section of the core itself. The core should not be tightly adjacent to the wires of the magnetization coil of large diameter, which is desirable, but not necessary. And it is better when the core is closer to the axis (and parallel to it) of the magnetization coil. To reduce the magnetic coupling between the coil and the core, either a different distance from the coil to the core or an increase in the diameter itself is used, the cross section of the magnetizing coil is several times larger than the cross section of the core. The distance from the wires of the coil to the core is selected, so that a significant magnetic field of the core would be formed that is not connected with the magnetization coil. Any smooth transitions of mutual arrangement and magnetic coupling between the coil and the core (s) from ferromagnet. The number of separate parallel or sequentially located cores (through gaps) in the coil can be any, two, three, four or more. The degree of magnetic coupling of the coil (or its individual sections) with the individual cores of the chain can be different and vary smoothly within different limits. The magnetization coil can be shorter than the core itself (whole or from segments), be about the same length, or have a length greater than the length of the core. The magnetization coil can completely or only partially cover individual cores or part of a chain of cores separated by gaps. The magnetization coil can go along the planes of the ends (and along the length) and cover only one or part of the consecutively located cores separated by gaps.

The device can be in the form of a single magnetization coil, which is located between the cores in the region of the gap between them and works directly on two cores. The coil relative to the diameter (several times larger in cross section than the cores themselves) can partially cover the ends of the cores along the plane. The coil does not adjoin tightly to the cores (preferably), and the core is located closer to the middle of the magnetization coil. The location of the coil in the gap region dramatically reduces the magnetic coupling with the cores and this applies to devices of any number of elements. For example, a magnetization coil is located between the ends (or covering the air gap) with two simple straight cores or cores of a special T-shape or E-shape (to reduce the demagnetizing factor). Cores can be any special for more effective magnetization and reduction of the demagnetizing factor. Between two U-shaped cores or in the gap area there are two magnetization coils, and between two E-shaped cores and three magnetizing coils. E-shaped cores can be part of a branched magnetic circuit.

The core itself can be either solid or consist of several segments separated by gaps. To increase magnetic scattering, the core itself may have an inhomogeneous cross section and, for example, have a broadening of the cross-sectional area in the central part of the core. The cross-sectional area of the end parts adjacent to the magnetization coils may be several times smaller than the cross-sectional area of the central part of the core. In this case, the magnetic effect on the coils decreases, and the magnetic energy of the core increases. This broadening of the cross-sectional area of the core in the central part can be either smooth or with rectangular ledges, which perform the function of additional scattering. This special core shape (to increase magnetic scattering) is a unique part of the invention and is applicable to almost all other device options, especially to increase work efficiency. In conventional electrical engineering, such forms of cores are not needed and are not applied in principle. Special-shaped cores are a special part of the invention, as this applies to almost all device variants. Also, special forms of cores include cores from segments separated by gaps for partial separation of the magnetic fields of the core. Cores with lateral protrusions (and overlays creating protrusions) also belong to cores of a special shape and are applicable to different device variants. The cores can be made of ferrite or burnt from sheets of transformer, electrical steel or from any other ferromagnet. Another option is one magnetization coil (from one or several sections) which is inserted into a large gap of the magnetic circuit and works directly to magnetize the two ends of the core ferromagnet. The cross-sectional size or the diameter of the coil can be approximately equal, smaller or several times larger than the cross-section of the core end itself. The magnetization coil either adjoins the ends of the core at a certain distance or partially covers both end parts (along the plane) of the core, provided that the magnetization coil is several times wider than the core itself. One magnetization coil works immediately to magnetize two ends of one core from a ferromagnet. A similar type of magnetic system may also consist of any number of cores and magnetization coils between them or in the region of gaps between the cores. The magnetic system can be open or closed along a circuit with an annular or rectangular magnetic circuit.

The core itself may have an inhomogeneous cross section and have a wider cross-sectional area in the region of the magnetic equator, and have a smaller cross-sectional area to the ends. This reduces the magnetic interaction with the coils, but at times increases the effective effective useful sectional area of the core and the magnetic scattering itself. The core can also have a wider central part, and the cross-sectional areas of the end parts are several times smaller than the central part. The core can be either solid or consist of separate segments separated by gaps (for partial separation of magnetic fields) to obtain a large magnetic flux. The secondary removable winding is located closer to the magnetic equator of the core, to the line between the magnetic poles and around which it closes magnetic flux core. For the core of the segments, it is necessary to have removable windings (or sections of the common winding) already on each segment separately for the conversion of all own magnetic fields of each core. This applies in general to all typesetting cores from individual segments (with gaps) in all device variants.

Another type of magnetic system is when the cores are directly inside the magnetization coil with respect to the large diameter of the magnetization coil, and the separation of the magnetic field occurs due to the closure of a large part of the energy of the magnetic field directly inside the magnetization coil. This is achieved due to the fact that the diameter or cross section of the coil (rectangular section, for example) is several or many times larger than the cross section of the core, and the length and width of the core has a certain ratio with the width of the cross section of the magnetization coil itself. The simplest version of the device is a device with one simple straight core made of ferrite, steel or any other ferromagnet. The core may be a round section or a rectangular section or a special shape with side protrusions on the end parts. The core can be one-piece or one-piece (with or without gaps) and generally any special shape to increase the efficiency of magnetic scattering and magnetization. The core can also be in the form of parallel stacks of individual narrower cores separated by non-magnetic gaps from a dielectric or air. The core can also be stacked in the form of consecutively arranged cores separated by gaps for partial separation of the magnetic fields of the cores. Each such core must have its own removable winding or separate a common secondary section for converting all the magnetic energy of each core.

 The core type-setting in the form of a bundle of parallel cores can have its own removable windings on each rod. Different devices can be combined into a partially closed common magnetic circuit (with gaps) for a small mutual magnetization and joint work. The device can be, for example, in the form of a magnetic closed circuit in the form of a torus or in the form of a rectangular magnetic circuit (with gaps) from many separate segments. The magnetization coil can be in the form of a generally straight wire (or coil wires) in the window of this magnetic circuit or as separate sections of the coil spaced apart from the sectors of this magnetic circuit. Most of the intrinsic magnetic fields of the segments (due to large gaps) from the ferromagnet of this magnetic circuit are not connected inductively to the magnetizing coil (or wires) at all. This intrinsic magnetic energy of the cores is not included in the cost of magnetization, but it can be converted into electricity using secondary removable windings on each segment. This is a kind of flyback converter, but with a more complex magnetic field topology.

There may be several such stacked stacks of cores inside the magnetization coil. A separate type of device is a magnetization coil, inside of which there are many small or micro cores or particles from a ferromagnet separated by a dielectric. The core can be in the form of a kind of magnetic dielectric, in which small cores or microcores or even microparticles from a ferromagnet are arranged (or embedded in a dielectric) inside one common magnetization coil. Power The mutual magnetic action of such micro cores can be any, as well as the gaps between them. But the gaps (dielectric) between the cores and particles of the ferromagnet should be sufficiently large and provide the possibility of closing all internal scattering fields. Around each core or particle from a ferromagnet, its own magnetic field forms in the nearest zone of space. This internal magnetic field of the cores and particles of the ferromagnet is no longer inductively coupled to a common magnetization coil. And the energy in the external magnetization coil is not spent on the formation of this internal magnetic energy of micro cores. But it can be converted into additional useful electricity in the phase of demagnetization through the secondary windings. The magnetization current is supplied only to the external large coil, and magnetic energy is already removed from it and from each individual core or particle of a ferromagnet. For this, each particle or micro core of a ferromagnet must have its own secondary removable winding (or section of the secondary winding) that covers the entire magnetic field of each core. During demagnetization, all the magnetic energy of all cores or particles from a ferromagnet is already converted to magnetic energy. This internal magnetic energy of all the cores can be many times, many tens or even hundreds of times higher than the energy that was spent on magnetization in a common large magnetization coil. The device should work in reverse and generate additional electricity. The device may be of various shapes of magnetization coils and of various shapes of micro cores or particles from a ferromagnet. Cores and chains can be shunted by magnetic shunts through gaps for more effective mutual amplification. magnetization and field closure. The cores can be of a special U-shaped or U-shape near the magnetization coil both inside and outside the coil at any angles to the plane of the coil and in any quantity. Such cores are similar in shape to cores with lateral protrusions. The special shape improves magnetic field closure and increases the effective length and magnetization of the cores, since a longer core is better magnetized. Any forms of cores and arrangement of cores relative to the magnetization coil or a direct portion of the wire (s) with current are possible.

Devices of different topologies of the magnetic field and the shape of the cores (and their number) are united by the fact that during magnetization in space, magnetic energy arises from the field of a ferromagnet that is not inductively coupled to the magnetization coil. But the magnetization coil spends and only as much energy on magnetization as it is connected inductively with the magnetization coil itself. And this means that the energy of the magnetic field of a ferromagnet that is not connected with the magnetization coil is already generated for free, without any additional energy costs. But it can be easily technically converted into additional electricity (over cost) during demagnetization using a special additional secondary removable winding on the core itself. The secondary winding covers and converts all the energy of the magnetic field of the core into additional electricity in excess of the costs of magnetization. A device can have only one core, but also have several cores, tens, hundreds and more for micro cores and microparticles from a ferromagnet. But the principle of generation itself is the same in the physics of the process and in the technique for converting the energy of a magnetic field. Devices differ only in shape, topology of the general magnetic system and magnetic fields, as well as by the number of elements itself - magnetization coils and ferromagnet cores themselves. The shape of the cores and the material of the ferromagnet may be different or the same in different devices. The cores may be of a special shape for magnetic scattering and magnetization or conventional geometric shapes. In these devices there is no special magnetizing core with tight winding, and additional energy can be removed from all the cores of the magnetic system.

A magnetic system of any shape and degree of complexity can be represented as an integral sum of individual elements from coils and cores. The total sum of the individual coils can be represented simply as separate sections of a common magnetization coil, and the cores as a kind of a common stacked core of individual segments. In this case, the individual elements and coils and cores to a different degree mutually additionally magnetize each other, and the magnitude of this interaction depends on the gaps between the cores. The decrease in the magnetic coupling of the coils and cores is achieved either by a certain distance from the ends of the core or by increasing the cross-sectional sizes of the magnetizing coils themselves relative to the cross-sectional width and the length of the core. This gives the greatest magnetization efficiency, but requires an increased coil size. Also, the air (vacuum) component of the magnetic energy of the current itself, which is not connected with a ferromagnet, does not participate in magnetization, but loads the magnetization coil. It is important that the magnetic interaction of the cores itself may not be significant, and magnetization occurs almost exclusively from the magnetic field of the current in the wires of the magnetization coil. The cores in the form of a chain of shorter cores (separated by gaps) are located either axially coaxially in the coil or simply inside a relatively large magnetization coil, but so that a significant part of the core fields would not cover the wires of the magnetization coil. This, in principle, does not differ from the single-core version, but shorter cores make it possible to reduce the size of the diameter or section (maybe a rectangular or other section shape of any coil) of the magnetization coil. Also, the magnetic effect of the cores themselves (two, three or more) through the gaps can reduce the demagnetizing factor for short cores and increase their induction. And the principle of separation of magnetic fields allows one to obtain a greater magnetic flux and magnetic energy from the same volume and mass of the core of a ferromagnet. Short cores can store more magnetic elastic energy than longer cores. Therefore, such stacked cores in the form of short cores arranged sequentially in a chain through the gaps can store more magnetic energy. But the presence of large gaps between the cores requires an increase in ampere turns in the magnetization coil to overcome the magnetic resistance. The simplest version of the device is just one core (of a certain length) located approximately coaxially or simply inside a much larger cross section of a wide magnetization coil. The core may partially enter the end part onto the plane of the coil or even not even enter the plane of the large magnetization coil itself, but the magnetic field of the coil will almost also act on the core due to its size. The magnetization coil can be short, almost flat (in the form of a coil in shape) and much shorter in height, than the core of a ferromagnet. The device can have many cores located on all sides around the coil and around just a straight or curved wire, wires of the magnetizing coil and which form multiple magnetic circuits (with gaps) as if strung on currents. This allows you to use all the surrounding magnetic currents of the magnetic field (and direct current, coil current and magnetization coils) closed around them from all sides.

 The core can also be divided into many parallel separate narrower cores separated by gaps to reduce the demagnetizing factor and increase magnetic scattering. Each core can have its own removable secondary winding.

The generation method and devices can be used to generate electricity in small devices for powering equipment and devices and for industrial production of electricity for any capacity. For high-power devices, you can use either the reverse mode for direct pulsed or pulsating current on powerful lockable thyristors or generation directly immediately on alternating current. Devices can be used to recharge the batteries of batteries or capacitors and create uninterrupted power sources. For this, the use of a voltage-boosting so-called booster type of conversion as a series connection of the battery, magnetization coil and secondary winding (reverse) to charge another battery or block of capacitors. Conversion by so-called The booster circuit is in reverse, and during magnetization, only a magnetization coil is connected to the current source. There are various options for circuitry technology and switching windings. The energy of the magnetic field of ferromagnets (not related to the magnetization coil) through the secondary winding is converted into additional energy, which is used to charge another battery or capacitor. This allows you to recharge batteries and capacitors with amplification of current, voltage and charge and create fully autonomous energy sources that do not require an external charging source. Such converters can also work when windings are switched on in parallel to different batteries or through a common capacitive voltage adder (per capacitor) to the total load as a result. Switching and conversion schemes can be different. When charging capacitors and batteries, you can also use switching capacitors as they charge to fully charge and reduce the peak distortion of the pulse mode. In this case, the first capacitor should not smooth out the peak of the pulse strongly, and for this, its capacity should not be too large, and as one capacitor is charged, it turns off and the other larger capacity turns on. Such a capacitive storage device already consists of several (two or three or more) capacitor storage stages, which switch as they are charged to completely convert the decreasing current pulse to the storage charge. This allows you to use and convert almost all of the stored magnetic energy into a capacitor. The capacitor of the first stage can also have a non-zero initial charge to increase the equivalent resistance (and decrease, limit the first current pulse) and the smoothing effect of the pulsed operation mode of the device. This increases the power factor of the capacitive capacitor rectifier of the drive and allows you to save speed fronts of recession of magnetic induction and efficiency in pulsed operation.

Claims

CLAIM

1. The method of generating electricity due to partial separation of the magnetic field of a ferromagnet from the magnetization coil is that a significant part of the energy of the magnetic field of the core from the ferromagnet (one or more cores) during magnetization is closed outside the magnetization coil, this is achieved due to the fact that the wire or the magnetization coil does not tightly cover the core or is removed from its surface (and on this part of the magnetic field energy, the formation of a current source does not waste electricity during magnetization), and during demagnetization, the entire energy of the magnetic field of the core is converted into additional electricity using a special removable additional secondary winding on the core itself.

2. A device for generating electricity due to partial separation of the magnetic field of a ferromagnet from a magnetization coil consists of a magnetization coil, which is either simply adjacent to the end of the ferromagnet core (with a secondary winding) at a certain distance or located next to the end of the core (at any angle) or slightly covers the end of the core; in this case, the core can partially enter the plane and volume of the magnetization coil with a relatively larger diameter and cross-section, and the distance from the core to the coil wires allows the large magnetic flux of the core to close without flux linkage with the magnetization coil.

3. The generation device consists of a magnetization coil of large diameter (or cross-section) which is several or many times larger than the cross-section of the core itself, and a magnetization coil along the plane is partially or completely extends onto the end or the ferromagnetic core itself of such a length that most of the energy of the magnetic field of the ferromagnetic core is closed inside and without inductive coupling with the wires of the magnetization coil; in this case, the core is partially or completely located in the volume of the magnetization coil, and its magnetic field is closed inside the current circuit (currents) without flux linkage with the magnetization coil.

4. The generation device consists of a magnetization coil whose cross-sectional area is several or many times larger than the cross-section of the core itself (or a pack or group of many parallel cores) and in which most of the magnetic field energy is closed inside the magnetization coil without inductive coupling with it; in this case, the ferromagnetic core can be located anywhere inside the coil and at any angle to its plane.

5. The generation device consists of a magnetization coil, which is inserted into a large air gap of a closed core (a simple or branched magnetic circuit) and one coil magnetizes in the gap area at two ends of one closed ferromagnetic core; in this case, the core can be adjacent to the ends or even partially extend with the ends into the plane (volumes) of the magnetization coil if its diameter or cross-section is significantly larger than the cross-section of the ends of the core.

6. The generation device consists of two magnetization coils (or two coil sections) which are located on both sides of the core near its ends and accordingly magnetize the core (or a pack of parallel cores) from a ferromagnet from both sides at once; in this case, the core can be of any simple or any special shape, have end protrusions or have a thickening of the cross-sectional area in the central part and a narrowing of the cross-sectional area towards the ends.

7. The generation device consists of one relatively large cross-section magnetization coil and a chain of individual successively arranged ferromagnetic cores (straight or any special shape) separated by gaps for partial separation of magnetic fields and the formation of a large total magnetic flux; in this case, the cores are located approximately along the axis of the coil, and the magnetization coil itself can cover all or only part of these cores from a series chain in length.

8. The generation device consists of a magnetization coil and a special stacked ferromagnetic core in the form of a pack of parallel flat plates or rods (separated by non-magnetic spaces) to reduce the demagnetizing factor and increase the magnetization of the cores; at the same time, the laminated core made of steel sheets also has an increased thickness of dielectric gaskets between the plates, sheets of transformer and electrical steel.

9. The generation device consists of a magnetization coil and a large number of small, micro cores or cores in the form of ferromagnetic particles in a dielectric (each with its own removable winding) arranged randomly or in parallel in many chains and separated by gaps inside this one common large magnetization coil; in this case, the distances between the cores are sufficient for the formation of large internal magnetic energy (around each volume ferromagnet) and which, when demagnetized, is removed and transformed from all cores and particles of the ferromagnet.

10. The generation device consists of a simple or branched closed circuit of segments, ferromagnetic cores (separated by large gaps) and a magnetization coil, either in the form of a straight wire or turns of wires in the window (windows) of this magnetic circuit or in the form of coil sections in different individual sectors magnetic circuit; in this case, a significant part of the energy of the magnetic field of the cores is not associated with the turns of the magnetization coil due to the removal of the turns from the surface of the ferromagnetic cores.

11. The generation device consists of a direct (or closed) magnetic circuit of cores and a magnetization coil (round or rectangular cross-section) in the form of a chain of any number of ferromagnetic cores (separated by large gaps) inside this coil located closer to the axis; in this case, the diameter or cross-section of the turns (or sections) of the coil is several or many times larger than the cross-section of the cores themselves in the chain and due to this, the magnetic fields of the cores are weakly inductively coupled with the turns of the magnetization coil.

12. The generation device consists of a magnetization coil of a relatively large cross-section and three ferromagnetic cores (separated by gaps), and the length of the magnetization coil is either less than, equal to, or slightly greater than the length of the central core and the magnetization coil covers the central core, but does not cover the side ones or partially (or only along the plane of the ends) also covers the two side cores.

13. The generation device consists of any large number of magnetizing coils (or sections of one coil) and any large number of ferromagnetic cores forming a direct or closed magnetic system; in this case, the magnetization coils are either located between the ends of the cores themselves or around the gaps between the cores, and the ends of the cores can partially extend into the plane, the volume of the magnetization coils and the magnetization coils are relatively larger than the cores themselves.

14. The generation device consists of many sequentially located and magnetically connected flat coils (large cross-section) with cores near the axis and which together form a common direct or closed magnetic system with mutual magnetization of the elements; in this case, individual coils or magnetizing coil sections and cores integrally form a common magnetic system.

15. The generation device consists of two cores (separated by a gap) of a straight, T-shaped (or E-shaped or other special shape) and a magnetization coil located either in the gap between the two ends of these two cores, or in the area of the gaps (partially covering the ends of the cores ) ; in this case, one magnetization coil works on two cores at once, and the magnetic connection of the fields of the cores with the magnetization coil in the gap area is minimal.

16. A generating device with magnetization of the core by permanent magnets or current and in which either additional magnetization of the core occurs, or its complete demagnetization, or reversal of magnetization in the opposite direction, and the bias is used for increasing the magnetic interaction of the core with the current field and increasing the amplitude of magnetic induction.

17. A generating device for charge-increasing recharging of batteries or capacitors, in which during magnetization only a magnetization coil is connected to the current source, and during demagnetization, the first battery or magnetization coil is connected in series to the second battery or capacitor (according to the so-called booster conversion circuit) and a secondary winding to improve voltage and charging efficiency.

18. Generation device with parallel independent connection of the magnetization coil and the secondary winding (on the return stroke) into a common capacitive (capacitor) voltage adder operating on a common load; In this case, switching capacitors can be used to more fully charge the adder and reduce distortion of the pulse mode.

19. A generating device using alternating current (sinusoidal or rectangular) in which during the phase of increasing current and magnetization, only the magnetization coil is connected to the circuit, and when the current decreases and demagnetization, a secondary winding is connected in series to it (to convert the magnetic field of the entire core) to amplify the voltage and power of single-phase or three-phase alternating current, including industrial frequency.

20. The generation device consists of a magnetization coil of relatively large diameter and a whole or stacked core (with gaps) of ferromagnets in which, when operating from a direct current source and magnetization, only the magnetization coil works, and when During demagnetization (on the reverse stroke), both the magnetization coil and the secondary winding are connected in series to the load to amplify the voltage and power.

21. A generation device in which, to reduce the cross-sectional dimensions of the coil and increase the total magnetic flux, the ferromagnetic core is made up of separate shorter cores separated by small or large gaps and each having its own secondary removable winding; in this case, the stacked core is located coaxially in the magnetization coil with a cross-sectional size several or many times larger than the cross-sectional size of the cores themselves.

22. A generation device in which, in order to reduce the demagnetizing factor and shorten the magnetic fields, the ferromagnetic core itself is made of a special shape with side protrusions at the ends or in the form of a cylindrical choke frame made of ferrite (such as a bobbin for thread) with protruding annular protrusions at the end; in this case, the core is located coaxially or simply inside in a coil of a much larger diameter or cross-sectional size.

23. A generation device in which many individual cores (or micro-cores) of a ferromagnet are located both inside and outside a large, flat (short) magnetization coil or just outside around the magnetization coil (at any angles to the plane of the coil) on all sides for complete use magnetic field magnetizing magnetization coil.

24. A generating device in which a magnetizing coil (without a core or with a small core) is inserted into the window whole or a stacked (of segments) simple or branched magnetic circuit (or covered on all sides by many U-shaped or U-shaped cores that are located partially or completely outside the plane of the magnetization coil); in this case, the magnetization coil is surrounded by ferromagnetic cores, and the magnetic fields are closed outside the coil.

25. A generating device in which the cores are located inside or outside and around, above and below (around) the wire or flat plane of the magnetizing coil (and at any angle) and have a common or each core its own separate secondary winding; in this case, all the cores are separated by gaps and form semi-closed branched or simple magnetic circuits strung on a wire, and most of the magnetic fields of the cores do not cover the magnetization coil wires.