JP3518143B2 - Pulse power supply - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a pulse power supply having a magnetic pulse compression circuit for generating short pulses of high voltage and large current, and more particularly to a method of magnetizing a core of the magnetic pulse compression circuit.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For a pulse power source such as pulse laser excitation, pulse plasma generation, pulse denitration equipment, etc., a discharge switch such as a thyratron switch or a triggertron switch is used to directly switch a high voltage and a large current to generate a pulse. There is a combination of the one that is generated and a saturable reactor or a saturable transformer that becomes a semiconductor switch and a magnetic switch.

FIG. 15 shows an example of a pulse power supply in which a semiconductor switch, a saturable transformer, a saturable reactor and the like are combined to obtain a high voltage and a large current by magnetic pulse compression.

The semiconductor switch SW is a first stage switch having a semiconductor switching element, its gate control circuit, and a snubber circuit.

Pulse transformer PT and saturable reactor S
A first-stage pulse generation circuit in which the semiconductor switch SW is combined with I ₀ , the first-stage energy storage capacitor C _0, and the high-voltage DC power supply HDC is configured.

A saturable transformer ST that performs boosting and magnetic pulse compression is connected to the secondary winding of the pulse transformer PT. The secondary winding of the saturable transformer ST is provided with a circuit including capacitors C ₁ and C _P and a saturable reactor SI ₁ . Further, a laser oscillator LH as a load is connected in parallel to the parallel circuit of the saturable reactor SI ₁ and the capacitor C _P.

At the start of pulse generation, the capacitor C ₀
Is charged at a high voltage by a high voltage DC power supply HDC. After this charging, by turning on the semiconductor switch SW,
A primary current I ₀ indicated by an arrow flows through a path of the capacitor C ₀ → saturable reactor SI ₀ → the primary winding of the pulse transformer PT → the semiconductor switch SW.

For this current I ₀ , the saturable reactor S
By delaying the rise of the pulse current by I _0, the turn-on loss of the semiconductor switch SW (product of current and voltage)
The switching assist is performed to reduce the voltage, the pulse transformer PT and the saturable transformer ST perform two-step boosting, the saturable transformer ST and the saturable reactor SI ₁ perform magnetic pulse compression, and the load LH receives high voltage Supply ultra-short pulse of high current.

[0009] Here, the pulse transformer PT is to obtain a trans-acting high frequency current than the transformer of the commercial frequency (50,60H _Z), since the eddy current loss increases in transformer using the core or the like, generally Typically, a low-loss core material is used, or an air-core transformer is used.

In such a pulse power supply, the pulse transformer PT and the saturable transformer ST are used with high voltage and short pulse, and the winding wire insulated with high withstand voltage has a large wire diameter. The number of turns cannot be increased for both windings.
Therefore, in order to obtain a high step-up ratio in a step-up transformer or the like, the primary winding is often limited to one turn.

On the other hand, since the voltage-time product of the transformer is proportional to the cross-sectional area of the magnetic core and the number of turns, the transformer has a large magnetic core in which the number of turns cannot be increased. As a result, the step-up ratio is restricted and the size of the transformer itself is increased.

As a method for downsizing this pulse transformer to enable downsizing of the entire apparatus, as shown in FIG. 16, the pulse transformer has a third winding in addition to the primary winding 1 ₁ and the secondary winding 1 ₂ . the winding 1 ₄ provided, a DC constant current to be polarity opposite direction to the magnetic flux direction in the third winding for generating a pulse current flowing through the primary winding supplied through the choke coil 3 from the constant current power supply 2 The applicant has already proposed what to keep.

As a result, the magnetization characteristic of the pulse transformer has an operating region increased by the DC bias as shown in FIG. 17A and an effective operating magnetic flux density as compared with the case where the DC bias shown in FIG. 17B is not applied. The amount ΔB becomes large.

[0014] Then, the effective operating flux density amount ΔB is proportional to the voltage time product of the core 1 _3, it is possible to reduce the core area of the transformer, can be reduced resulting in the core volume. When the core has a good squareness ratio (Br / Bs) (≈1), it is about twice as much ΔB due to the DC bias current.
(= Br + Bs) can be obtained.

[0015]

In the conventional method in which a DC bias is applied, the power consumed for flowing the DC bias current has a great influence on the power supply efficiency of the entire pulse power supply, so that the effective operating magnetic flux density amount ΔB I am trying to flow as much DC current as necessary to secure the.

However, since a direct current is constantly supplied, a large amount of power is wasted in the direct current bias, which is one of the causes of poor power supply efficiency.

Further, if the DC current is reduced so that the DC current required to secure the effective operating magnetic flux density amount ΔB is made to flow, if the magnetic pulse compression operation is repeated repeatedly, the magnetization of the core temporally changes. In some cases, the desired magnetic pulse compression may not be possible due to the delay in time and insufficient magnetization.

Further, the conventional method requires a dedicated constant current power source for supplying a DC bias current.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a pulse power supply which can improve the power supply efficiency and can perform the same magnetic pulse compression as the conventional one while eliminating the need for a DC power supply for DC bias.

[0020]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention utilizes the electromagnetic energy of the current generated from the initial charging to the end of the magnetic pulse compression operation as the power source of the DC bias current. The DC bias current is supplied only when switching assist or magnetic pulse compression operation is started, or when the pulse transformer operation is started, thereby increasing the power supply efficiency in the DC bias current supply and a dedicated power supply for supplying the DC bias current. Make it unnecessary.

For this reason, the present invention provides a high-voltage charged energy source.
ON operation by being inserted in series with the Luggy storage capacitor C ₀
A semiconducting device that produces a pulsed current from the capacitor
The switch includes a body switch SW and a core.
Sensor and a semiconductor switch connected in series,
The magnetic saturation operation of the core causes the body switch to turn on.
The switching circuit that generates the pulse current with a delay
It has a saturable reactor SI ₀ for cyst and a core.
Made of the capacitor and semiconductor switch and saturable
The saturable reactor is inserted in the reactor series circuit.
The pulsed current that has passed through the
The pulse transformer PT that obtains the pulse output of the direction and the core
The pulse output of the pulse transformer is increased.
This pulse output is magnetized by the magnetic saturation operation of the core.
Saturable to generate unidirectional pulse output with compressed air pulse
The saturable transformer, which has a transformer ST and a core,
The pulse output of the lance is magnetized by the magnetic saturation operation of the core.
Apply pulse compression to load by obtaining unidirectional pulse output.
That the saturable reactors SI _1, in the pulse power supply with said saturable reactor, pulse transformer and variable
Saturation transformers are for supplying a DC bias current whose polarity is opposite to the direction of the magnetic flux of each core.
Provided secondary or tertiary winding L _B, respectively, said saturable
Reactor, pulse transformer and saturable transformer operation start only, the pulse flowing to their input side circuit
The portion of the current provided transformer T ₁ or winding L _G to take out each as an electromagnetic energy, the output current of the transformer T ₁ or winding L _G, the saturable reactor, Parusuto
Its the winding L _B provided on the lance and the saturable transformer
Characterized in that a DC reactor L ₁ or saturable reactors SI ₂ supplied as respectively DC bias current.

The present invention also relates to the DC reactor L ₁
Or the saturable reactor SI ₂ arranged in series, said Allowed
Saturated reactor or pulse transformer or saturable transformer
It is characterized in that a rectifying diode D ₁ for preventing unnecessary induction current from flowing is provided.

Further, according to the present invention, the saturable reactor or the power transformer is provided in parallel with the transformer T ₁ or the winding L _G.
A reverse induction current is generated in the core of the loss transformer or saturable transformer.
It is characterized in that a flywheel diode D ₂ for preventing the flow is provided.

[0024]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(First Embodiment) FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of an essential part showing an embodiment of the present invention, which is applied to a saturable reactor SI ₀ of the first stage switch circuit of FIG.

The saturable reactor SI ₀ is provided with a DC bias winding L _B for supplying a DC current having a polarity opposite to the direction of the magnetic flux generated by the pulse current flowing through the primary winding.

[0026] Then, the charging current path from the high-voltage DC power source HDC to the initial charging capacitor C ₀ interposing a transformer T _1, DC reactor L ₁ from the secondary winding of the transformer T ₁
Through the DC bias winding L _{B of the} saturable reactor SI ₀
A DC bias current is supplied to.

The magnitude of the current generated in the DC bias winding L _{B is set} to generate a magnetic flux larger than the coercive force of the saturable reactor SI ₀ after the saturable operation. Further, the shape of the core of the saturable reactor SI ₀ is toroidal, racetrack, or solenoid. The material of the core is preferably a low-loss / high-permeability magnetic core, for example, iron-based amorphous, cobalt-based amorphous, or iron-based ultrafine crystalline material.

In the present embodiment, in the pulse generating operation, the DC power source HDC initially charges the capacitor C ₀ , and immediately after this charging is completed, the semiconductor switch SW is ON-controlled so that the saturable reactor SI ₀ and the pulse transformer are switched from the capacitor C _0. Supply the primary current I ₀ to PT.

[0029] In this operation, part of the initial charging current energy of the capacitor C ₀ is taken out to the secondary winding through the transformer T _1, blunt-delayed saturable dc bias reactor SI ₀ in the DC reactor L ₁ A DC bias current can be supplied to the saturable reactor SI ₀ by being supplied to the winding L _B.

The timing of supplying the DC bias current is from the initial charging of the capacitor C ₀ to the semiconductor switch SW.
DC reactor L ₁ against the time delay until the ON control of
It is adjusted by the constant of.

Therefore, immediately before the switching assist operation of the saturable reactor SI ₀ , a part of the initial charging energy to the capacitor C ₀ is supplied to the DC bias winding L _B as a DC bias current, so that the saturable reactor SI ₀ is supplied. _{The 0} core can be magnetized to a deep magnetic flux position opposite to the saturation operation.

As a result, the DC bias current to the saturable reactor SI ₀ is supplied only at the start of the operation and only for a short time, so that the power loss is extremely reduced and the power supply efficiency is improved as compared with the conventional constant supply method. be able to. Moreover, since the initial charging current of the capacitor C ₀ is used, a dedicated DC power supply for supplying a DC bias current is unnecessary.

Further, since the core is magnetized to a deep saturation point when the magnetic pulse compression operation is started, the magnetization curve of the core is stabilized and the effective operating magnetic flux density amount ΔB can be doubled.

It is preferable that the impedance matching in the transformer T ₁ for supplying energy to the saturable reactor SI ₀ and the impedance matching in the core magnetizing circuit for reset magnetizing are deteriorated.
In the figure, the impedance of (HDC → T ₁ → C ₀ ) and
The impedance of (T ₁ → L → L _B ) is mismatched.
Also, the impedance of the (C0 → SI0 → PT → SW ), is inconsistent with the impedance of the _{(T 1 → L → L B} ).

These impedance mismatches are effective in preventing a large amount of energy from flowing to the core and in preventing unnecessary induction.

FIG. 2 shows various modified examples of the present embodiment in the configuration of the main part thereof. In (a) of the figure, a rectifying diode D ₁ is provided in series with the DC reactor L ₁ to prevent an unnecessary induced current from flowing from the saturable reactor SI ₀ or the like to the transformer T ₁ side. In this case, in order to reduce the breakdown voltage of the diode D ₁ , it is preferable to lower the turns ratio of the transformer T ₁ .

In FIG. 6B, a flywheel diode D ₂ is provided in parallel with the secondary winding of the transformer T ₁ , and the residual energy of the DC reactor L ₁ is effectively used as a DC bias current. The reverse induced current from the saturated reactor SI ₀ is prevented from flowing to the core. In this case, in order to reduce the withstand current of the diode D _2, preferred to deteriorate the impedance matching of the saturable reactor SI ₀ and core magnetizing circuit (L _1, L _B).

In (c), instead of the DC reactor L ₁ ,
The saturable reactor SI ₂ is used, which facilitates the timing control of flowing the DC bias current and obtains the pulse-compressed DC bias current. (D) is a rectifying diode D ₁ provided with a saturable reactor SI ₂
The same effect as in the cases (a) and (c) is obtained.
In (e), the flywheel diode D ₂ is provided together with the saturable reactor SI ₂ , and the same effects as those in (b) and (c) are obtained.

(Second Embodiment) FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of an essential part showing another embodiment of the present invention. The difference between FIG. 1 and FIG. 1 is that a DC bias current is supplied to the pulse transformer PT instead of the saturable reactor SI ₀ .

That is, the pulse transformer PT is provided with the third winding L _B for supplying the DC bias current, and the DC bias current is supplied from the transformer T ₁ to the winding L _B immediately before the pulse current flows through the pulse transformer PT. It is configured.

Also in this embodiment, the pulse transformer P
Since the DC bias current to T is supplied only at the start of the operation and only for a short time, the power loss is extremely reduced, and a dedicated DC power supply for supplying the DC bias current is unnecessary.

Further, the magnetization curve of the core of the pulse transformer is stabilized, and the effective operating magnetic flux density amount ΔB can be doubled.

FIG. 4 shows various modifications of this embodiment.
A diode or the like is added as the pulse transformer PT in place of the saturable reactor SI ₀ in the configuration of FIG.
The action and effect thereof are the same as in the case of FIG.

(Third Embodiment) FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of essential parts showing another embodiment of the present invention. The difference between FIG. 1 and FIG. 1 is that a DC bias current is supplied to the saturable transformer ST instead of the saturable reactor SI ₀ .

That is, the saturable transformer ST is provided with a third winding L _B for supplying a DC bias current, and a DC bias current is supplied from the transformer T ₁ to the winding L _B immediately before the pulse current flows through the saturable transformer ST. It is configured to supply.

Also in this embodiment, the saturable transformer S is used.
Since the DC bias current to T is supplied only at the start of the operation and only for a short time, the power loss is extremely reduced, and a dedicated DC power supply for supplying the DC bias current is unnecessary.

Further, the magnetization curve of the core of the pulse transformer is stabilized, and the effective operating magnetic flux density amount ΔB can be doubled.

FIG. 6 shows various modifications of this embodiment.
A diode or the like is added as the saturable transformer ST in place of the saturable reactor SI ₀ in the configuration of FIG.
The action and effect thereof are the same as in the case of FIG.

(Fourth Embodiment) FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of an essential part showing another embodiment of the present invention. The difference between FIG. 1 and FIG. 1 is that a DC bias current is supplied to the saturable reactor SI ₁ instead of the saturable reactor SI ₀ .

[0050] That is, the third winding L _B for the DC bias current supplied to the saturable reactors SI ₁ provided, transformer T ₁ immediately before the saturable reactor SI ₁ flows pulse current
It constitutes a supply DC bias current to the winding L _B from.

In the present embodiment, the saturable reactor SI ₁ starts its operation from the saturated state at the start of the magnetic pulse compression operation, and magnetizes the core to a deep saturation point, so that the magnetic permeability of the core should be close to 1. The winding inductance of the saturable reactor SI ₁ can be reduced,
Along with this, it becomes easier to obtain the pulse compression operation by the magnetic pulse compression operation of the saturable reactor, and the resistance loss due to the winding inductance becomes smaller, so that the phenomenon such as ringing is reduced.

Further, as shown in FIG. 8 of various modified examples of the present embodiment, a DC bias current is supplied at the start of the magnetic pulse compression operation of the saturable reactor SI ₁ , and the same effect as that of each of the above-described embodiments is obtained. Can be obtained.

(Fifth Embodiment) FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of an essential part showing another embodiment of the present invention. 5 is different from FIG. 5 in that the second winding L _{G in} which a power supply for supplying a DC bias current to the saturable transformer ST is provided in the saturable reactor SI ₀
There is a point.

That is, a part of the energy when the pulse current I ₀ flows in the saturable reactor SI ₀ is taken out to the winding L _G , and this current is passed through the DC reactor L _{1 to} the DC bias winding L of the saturable transformer ST. _The DC bias current is supplied from the winding L _G to the winding L _B immediately before the pulse current I ₂ is supplied to the saturable transformer ST by being induced by the secondary current I ₁ of the pulse transformer PT. .

Also in this embodiment, the DC bias current is supplied only at the start of the operation of the saturable transformer ST and only for a short time, so that the power loss can be extremely reduced and the power supply efficiency can be improved. In addition, a dedicated DC power supply for supplying a DC bias current is unnecessary.

In addition to this, in the present embodiment, a DC bias current is supplied to the saturable transformer ST by the current flowing during the magnetic pulse compression operation of the saturable reactor SI ₀ , so that the current flowing in the saturable transformer ST is increased. Appropriate magnetization is applied in a direction opposite to the direction of the magnetization due to, and the effective operating magnetic flux density amount ΔB in the saturable transformer ST can be increased.

As a result, the effective magnetic flux density amount ΔB required for the core of the saturable transformer ST can be reduced, the volume of the core can be reduced, and the size thereof can be reduced. Further, when the volume of the core becomes small, the inductance of the winding can be reduced, and short pulses can be easily generated.

FIG. 10 shows various modified examples of this embodiment, in which a diode D _{1 and the} like are added as in the modified examples of FIG. 2 and the like, and the same effects as those of the above-described respective embodiments can be obtained. be able to.

(Sixth Embodiment) FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram of an essential part showing another embodiment of the present invention. 9 is different from FIG. 9 in that the third winding L _{G in} which the pulse transformer PT is provided with a power supply for supplying a DC bias current to the saturable transformer ST.
There is a point.

That is, a part of the energy when the pulse current I ₀ flows through the pulse transformer PT is taken out to the winding L _G , and this current is passed through the DC reactor L _{1 to} the DC bias winding L _B of the saturable transformer ST. Just before the pulse current I ₂ is supplied and induced by the secondary current I ₁ of the pulse transformer PT to the saturable transformer ST, the winding L _G to the winding L
DC bias current is supplied to _B.

Also in this embodiment, as in the case of FIG. 9, the power supply efficiency is improved, a dedicated DC power supply for supplying a DC bias current is not required, and the effective operating magnetic flux density amount ΔB is increased. You can

Also, various operational effects can be obtained with the configuration of various modifications shown in FIG.

(Seventh Embodiment) FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram of an essential part showing another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment,
The point is that the power supply for supplying the DC bias current to the saturable reactor SI ₁ is the third winding L _G provided in the saturable transformer ST.

[0064] That is, taking out a part of the energy when the pulse current I ₂ flows in the saturable transformer ST windings L _G, the DC bias winding L saturable reactors SI ₁ the current through the DC reactor L ₁ is supplied to the _B, part of the current when the secondary current I ₂ flows through saturable operation of the saturable transformer ST is taken up winding L _G, saturable reactors SI ₁ the current thereafter the magnetic pulse compression The DC bias current is supplied to the winding L _B immediately before the operation.

Also in this embodiment, the DC bias current is supplied only when the magnetic pulse compression of the saturable reactor SI ₁ is started to improve the power supply efficiency, and the dedicated DC power supply for supplying the DC bias current is not required. At the same time, there is an effect of making the magnetic permeability close to 1 and eliminating ringing and the like.

Further, it is possible to obtain various functions and effects by using the configurations of various modifications shown in FIG.

The pulse power supply to which each of the above-described embodiments can be applied is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG. 15, but can be applied to many other pulse power supplies configured by various combinations of saturable reactors, saturable transformers, and pulse transformers. The same effect can be obtained by applying. For example, it can be applied to a pulse power supply utilizing the magnetic saturation characteristic of the core, such as a one-stage magnetic pulse compression circuit using a saturable transformer, a multi-stage magnetic pulse compression circuit, and one provided with an LC inversion voltage doubler circuit.

[0068]

As described above, according to the present invention, the electromagnetic energy of the current generated from the initial charging to the end of the magnetic pulse compression operation is used as the power source of the DC bias current,
This electromagnetic energy supplies the DC bias current only when starting the switching assist circuit or magnetic pulse compression operation or when starting the operation of the pulse transformer, so in addition to the effect that the core volume can be reduced by the DC bias, at the start of operation. Only the DC bias current is supplied, and the power supply efficiency can be improved. Further, by using a part of the pulse current of the circuit, a dedicated power source for supplying the DC bias current becomes unnecessary.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a main part showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a modification of the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a main part showing another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a modification of the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a main part showing another embodiment of the present invention.

6 is a modification of the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 7 is a main part circuit diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention.

8 is a modification of the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 9 is a main part circuit diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention.

10 is a modification of the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram of a main part showing another embodiment of the present invention.

12 is a modification of the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 13 is a main part circuit diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a modification of the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 15 is a circuit example of a pulse power supply.

FIG. 16 is a conventional main circuit diagram.

FIG. 17 is a magnetization characteristic diagram with (a) and without (b) a DC bias.

[Explanation of symbols]

SW ... semiconductor switch ST ... saturable transformer PT ... pulse transformer _{SI 0, SI 1, SI 2} ... saturable reactors T ₁ ... transformer L ₁ ... DC reactor D _1, D ₂ ... diode L _B ... windings for DC bias L _G : Winding wire for extracting electromagnetic energy

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) H03K 3/57 H02M 9/04

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A high voltage charged energy storage capacitor.
Is inserted in series with the capacitor C ₀ , and the capacitor
The semiconductor switch SW for generating a pulse current from the capacitor and the core are configured to include the capacitor and the semiconductor switch.
Is inserted in the series circuit of the
Delayed by the magnetic saturation operation of the core with respect to the work
Current for generating switching current that can be used for switching assistance.
It is composed of an actuator SI ₀ and a core, and has the capacitor and the semiconductor switch.
And a saturable reactor connected in series.
The pulsed current passing through the saturable reactor is used as the primary input.
Pulse transformer to obtain unidirectional pulse output boosted by
It is composed of PT and core, and outputs the pulse of the pulse transformer.
Boost the force and output this pulse output by the magnetic saturation operation of the core.
Generates a unidirectional pulse output with magnetic pulse compression
The saturable transformer ST and the core are configured to output the pulse of the saturable transformer.
The force is magnetically pulse-compressed by the magnetic saturation operation of the core,
Saturable reactor that obtains pulse output in the direction and applies it to the load
And Le SI _1, in the pulse power supply with said saturable reactor, a pulse transformer and saturable DOO
The lances are secondary or unidirectional to supply a DC bias current whose polarity is opposite to that of the magnetic flux of the core.
Or tertiary windings L _B are respectively provided, and the saturable reactor, the pulse transformer and the saturable transformer are provided .
Flows to the input side circuit only when the lance starts operating
Wherein a portion of the pulse current, respectively <br/> provided a transformer T ₁ or winding L _G taken as an electromagnetic energy, the output current of the transformer T ₁ or winding L _G, said saturable
Installed on reactor, pulse transformer and saturable transformer
Pulse power supply, wherein each providing the DC reactor L ₁ or saturable reactors SI ₂ supplied as a DC bias current to only said winding L _B. Wherein provided in series with the DC reactor L ₁ or saturable reactors SI _2, the saturable reactor
Or unnecessary induction from a pulse transformer or saturable transformer
2. The pulse power supply according to claim _{1, further} comprising a rectifying diode D ₁ for preventing a conductive flow . 3. The transformer T ₁ or the winding L _G is installed in parallel.
The saturable reactor or pulse transformer or
Prevents reverse induced current from flowing into the saturable transformer core.
Pulsed power supply according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a that the flywheel diode D _2.