JP3365418B2 - Switching power supply - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a switching power supply device such as a self-excited DC-DC converter.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A separately-excited switching regulator in which a switching element is controlled by a PWM pulse is used in various fields.
However, since the turn-on and turn-off of the switching element for interrupting the DC voltage of the separately excited switching regulator are not performed in the state of zero current and zero voltage, a relatively large switching loss occurs. In addition, since a surge voltage is generated at turn-off, a snubber circuit is required to absorb the surge voltage.

As a solution to this type of drawback, a resonant converter operating with a sine wave has been proposed. According to this resonance type converter, zero current switching or zero voltage switching is possible, and switching loss and voltage surge / current surge can be reduced. However, since the resonance is used, the effective value of the high frequency current / voltage becomes very large, which increases the conduction loss of the switching element and the iron loss and copper loss of the magnetic component.

In order to solve the problems of the resonance type converter, a partial resonance type converter which resonates only at turn-off and / or turn-on has been proposed. However, in the conventional partial resonance type converter, a switching element for partial resonance is required, and the cost of the device becomes high.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of the switching power supply device.

[0006]

The present invention Means for Solving the Problems] To achieve the above object, a primary winding which is electromagnetically coupled to each other via a saturable magnetic core, secondary winding, tertiary winding, and 4 Tsugimaki a belt <br/> lance having a line, a DC power supply having a one end and the other end, one of the main
A terminal, the other main terminal, and a control terminal, and the one main
On the one end of the DC power supply terminal via said primary winding
Connected, the other main terminal is the other terminal of the DC power supply
A switching element connected to the switching element, a resonance capacitance including both a capacitor and a stray capacitance connected in parallel to the switching element , a reactor connected in series with the primary winding, and the a resonant inductance comprising both the primary winding inductance, the
A starting resistor connected between the one end of the DC power supply and the control terminal of the switching element, an output circuit connected to the secondary winding, and a control current source connected to the quaternary winding. , and a coupling capacitor, the third winding is the
The control of the switching element is performed via a coupling capacitor.
Is connected between the control terminal and the other main terminal, the resonant inductance and the resonant capacitance has a value which resonates at a higher frequency than the repetition frequency of the on-off of the switching element, wherein The saturable core of the transformer is
Positive saturation, negative saturation and non-saturation
The control current source is the fourth winding.
Supply a control current to the line and the magnitude of this control current
The present invention relates to a switching power supply device, which is characterized in that it can be changed .

As described in claim 2, a coupling capacitor and a zener diode are provided between the tertiary winding and the switching element.
It is desirable to provide

As described in claim 3, a magnetic amplifier (mag amplifier) is connected between the secondary winding and the rectifying / smoothing circuit, and the output voltage can be adjusted by controlling the magnetic amplifier.

Two switching circuits composed of the first and second saturable transformers and the first and second switching elements can be provided in parallel. In this case, the first
And the second switching element are alternately turned on and off.

[0010]

As is apparent from the above, the invention of claim 1 has the following effects. (A) A transformer having a saturable magnetic core turns on and off a switching element for self-excited oscillation, and creates a state where the inductance value of the primary winding is large and a state where it is small. When the magnetic core is saturated and the inductance value of the primary winding is small, resonance occurs between the resonance inductance and the resonance capacitance. When the magnetic core is unsaturated, the inductance of the primary winding increases,
Resonance is interrupted. When resonance operation occurs during the turn-on period and the turn-off period, the voltage of the switching element becomes sinusoidal, zero-voltage switching is achieved, and switching loss is reduced. Further, when the switching power supply device oscillates by itself, the configuration of the switching power supply device becomes simple. Therefore, self-excited oscillation can be performed with a simple circuit, and the efficiency of the switching power supply device can be improved. A bias current flows in the resonant circuit of <br/> Thus the primary winding that flow control current from (b) control current source 4 windings, braking
When the level of the bias current is changed by changing the control current, the time from the unsaturated state to the saturated state of the magnetic core changes, the off time width of the switching element changes, and the output voltage changes. Therefore, the output voltage can be controlled by also using the transformer for obtaining the output, and the configuration of the switching power supply device can be simplified. According to the invention of claim 2, in addition to the effect of the above (a), the voltage of the tertiary winding is formed by a series circuit of a coupling capacitor and a zener diode connected in parallel to the tertiary winding. Can be shifted down and added to the switching element, and control of the switching element can be easily achieved. According to the invention of claim 3, the output voltage can be easily controlled by the magnetic amplifier .

[0011]

First Embodiment Next, a switching power supply device according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

In FIG. 1, a primary winding 3 of a saturable transformer 2, a resonance reactor 4 and a switching element are provided between one end and the other end of a DC power source 1 composed of a rectifying circuit, a smoothing circuit or a storage battery. A series circuit with an insulated gate FET (field effect transistor) 5 is connected. The saturable transformer 2 has a secondary winding 6, a tertiary winding 7, a quaternary winding 8 and a saturable magnetic core 9 in addition to the primary winding 3.

The resonance reactor 4 is connected to the primary winding 3 in series. The resonance capacitor 10 is an FET
5 is connected between the drain (first main terminal) and the source (second main terminal). The FET 5 has a stray capacitance Cs between the drain and the source as shown by a broken line, and further incorporates a diode Ds. The inductance value of the resonance reactor 4 is L1, the inductance value of the primary winding 3 is L2, the inductance value of the sum of L1 and L2 is Lr, the capacitance value of the resonance capacitor 10 is C1, this C1 and the stray capacitance Cs. When the capacitance value of the sum of and is Cr, a series resonance circuit of Lr and Cr is formed. The values of Lr and Cr are
The resonance frequency due to this is set to be sufficiently higher than the on / off repetition frequency of the FET 5. The constants of each part are as follows. The FET5 is 2SK577, the floating (parasitic) capacitance Cs between the drain and the source is about 700 pF, and the capacitance C1 of the capacitor 10 is about 6.8 n.
F, the inductance value L1 of the reactor 4 is about 7.7μ
F, the saturation inductance L2 of the transformer 2 is about 1.4μ
The switching frequency is 118 kHz when H and the power supply voltage Va is 140V.

In order to form an output circuit, the secondary winding 6 has diodes 11, 12 and a smoothing reactor 13 in the secondary winding 6.
And a smoothing capacitor 14 for rectifying and smoothing circuit 15
Are connected to the output terminals 16 and 1 of the rectifying / smoothing circuit 15.
A load 18 is connected between the seven.

The tertiary winding 7 is connected between the gate (control terminal) and the source of the FET 5 via a coupling capacitor 19 in order to enable self-excited operation by feedback. FE
It is parallel to the gate and source of T5 and 3
A series circuit of a Zener diode 20 and a diode 21 is connected so as to be parallel to the next winding 7 and the coupling capacitor 19. Capacitor 19 and zener diode 20 shifts down the positive maximum amplitude value of the gate-source voltage to the Zener voltage Vz, gate between t1 to t4 - gate a scan voltage - - DOO-source preparative threshold Vth It has the function of making it lower.

The starting resistor 22 is connected between the DC power source 1 and the gate of the FET 5. The starting resistor 22 can be replaced with a circuit that gives a starting pulse.

A control current source 23 is connected to the quaternary winding 8. When the current flowing from the control current source 23 to the quaternary winding 8 is changed, the bias current Ib flowing through the primary winding 3, the resonance reactor 4, the resonance capacitor 10 and the stray capacitance Cs changes, and the saturable magnetic core 9 Of the FET 5 changes, and the OFF time of the FET 5 changes.

[0018]

[Operation] First, without connecting the load 18, the output terminal 16,
It is in a no-load state in which 17 is opened, and the control current source 2
The operation in the uncontrolled state in which 3 is separated from the quaternary winding 8 will be described with reference to FIGS. When the magnetic core 9 is in a non-saturated state and the FET 5 is on, the voltage Vc between the terminals of the FET 5 and the capacitor 10 is substantially 0 volt and no load, as shown before t1 and in the section from t4 to t5 in FIG. Therefore, the current I1 flowing through the primary winding 3 is 0, and the voltage Vb applied to the primary winding 3 is the voltage Va of the DC power supply 1. During the ON period of the FET 5, the magnetic flux φ of the magnetic core 9 linearly increases along the ab section of the BH curve (characteristic line).
FIG. 4 shows the ON period of the FET 5, that is, before t1 and t4 to t5.
The equivalent circuit of the section is shown.

When the magnetized state of the magnetic core 9 reaches the point b, the magnetic core 9
Is saturated, the inductance L2 of the primary winding 3 becomes small, and the inductance Lr of the sum of the inductance L2 of the primary winding 3 and the inductance L1 of the reactor 4 and the sum of the capacitance C1 of the capacitor 10 and the stray capacitance Cs are Capacity Cr
A series resonance due to occurs in the equivalent circuit shown in FIG.
1 flows, the capacitor 10 and the stray capacitance Cs are charged, and this voltage Vc rises toward the value 2Va which is twice the power supply voltage Va, as shown in the interval t1 to t2 in FIG. Therefore, in the turn-off period from t1 to t2, the voltage Vc across the FET 5 gradually increases in a sinusoidal waveform as shown in FIG. When the magnetic core 9 is saturated in the interval from t1 to t2, the voltage of the tertiary winding drops and the gate-source voltage Vgs of the FET5 becomes lower than the threshold voltage Vt, so that the FET5 is turned off. After the magnetic core 9 is magnetized to the point c of the B-H curve, the magnetic flux φ decreases, and the magnetic core 9 shifts to the unsaturated state again at the point d.

Since the magnetic core 9 is in a non-saturated state in a section where the magnetized state of the magnetic core 9 is d-e of the BH curve, the primary winding 3
Of the capacitor 10 and the stray capacitance Cs is maintained at 2Va as shown in the section from t2 to t3 in FIG. As a result, the voltage Va −2Va = −Va is continuously applied to the primary winding 3, and the magnetic core 9 is excited in the opposite direction,
The magnetic flux φ changes toward −φs as shown in FIG. B
At point e of the −H curve, the negative saturation occurs. The equivalent circuit in the section from t2 to t3 can be shown in FIG.

In the efa section of the BH curve, t in FIG.
It becomes a change in the section from 3 to t4. That is, the saturation reduces the inductance of the primary winding 3, so that the resonance circuit shown in FIG. 7 is formed. As a result, the voltage Vc of the resonance capacitance Cr composed of the capacitor 10 and the stray capacitance Cs, ie, FE
The drain-source voltage of T5 gradually decreases according to a sine wave as shown in FIG. 2, and returns to zero by the time FET5 turns on. After passing the point f of the BH curve, a positive voltage is generated in the tertiary winding 7, and the FET 5 is turned on. Then, the operation of ab-c-d-e-f of the BH curve is repeated. The time widths of the t1 to t2 periods and the t3 to t4 periods are almost the same.

FIG. 8 shows the state of each part under load. Figure 8
The current I1 flowing through the primary winding 3 under the above load condition is a combination of the current Is flowing through the FET 5 shown in FIG. 8 and the resonance current I1 shown in FIG. The state changes of the respective parts other than the current are the same as those in FIG. As is apparent from the relationship between the voltage Vc across the FET 5 and the current Is in FIG. 8, zero volt switching is achieved during the turn-off period from t1 to t2 and the turn-on period from t3 to t4.

In the circuit of FIG. 1, the control current source 23 is connected to the fourth winding 8.
When a current is flown from and the value is changed, the output voltage changes. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, when the control current Ic in the positive direction is passed, the bias current Ib corresponding to the ratio of the number of turns N1 of the primary winding 3 to the number of turns N4 of the quaternary winding 8 is Ib = (N4 / N1
) Ic flows to the primary winding 3 side, and this contributes to the charging of the capacitor 10 and the stray capacitance Cs. As a result,
As shown in FIG. 9, the voltage Vc of the capacitor 10 during the off period
Rise linearly, the negative excitation of the transformer 2 is accelerated, and the magnetic core 9 is quickly saturated in the negative direction. The waveform shown by the dotted line in FIG. 9 is the capacitor voltage Vc when the control current Ic does not flow.
Indicates. As is clear from the comparison between the dotted waveform and the solid waveform in FIG. 9, when the control current Ic is passed, the off time width becomes shorter. The slope of the capacitor voltage Vc during the off period changes according to the change of the control current Ic. Therefore, the constant voltage control of the output voltage is achieved by detecting the voltage between the output terminals 16 and 17 and controlling the control current source 23 so that the control current decreases when the detected voltage increases.

Even if the control current Ic is passed in the negative direction opposite to that shown in FIG. 1, the voltage Vc of the capacitor 10 changes as shown in FIG. In this case, the voltage Vc decreases contrary to FIG. Although this enables voltage control, it becomes impossible to reduce the capacitor voltage Vc to zero during the off period, and zero volt switching cannot be performed. Therefore, it is desirable to flow the control current Ic in the positive direction as shown in FIG.

According to this embodiment, it is possible to construct a switching power supply device capable of zero-volt switching operation and self-oscillating with a very simple circuit. In addition, the snubber circuit becomes unnecessary. As a result,
The efficiency of the switching power supply device can be increased.

[0026]

[Second Embodiment] Next, a switching power supply unit according to a second embodiment shown in FIG. 11 will be described. However, in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 which will be described later, portions common to FIG. In FIG. 11, a mag-amplifier (magnetic amplifier) 30 and a control current source 31 are provided instead of the fourth winding 8 and the control current source 23 in FIG. The control current source 31 supplies a current in the direction of resetting the mag amp 30 based on the negative voltage of the secondary winding 6. By controlling the value of the current passed by the control current source 31 based on the output voltage, the time width until the mag-amplifier 30 is saturated changes, and eventually the pulse width of the output stage of the diode 11 changes. Since the circuit of FIG. 11 and the circuit of FIG. 1 are the same except for the output voltage control method, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained by the second embodiment.

[0027]

[Third Embodiment] A switching power supply device according to a third embodiment shown in FIG. 12 is a push-pull type converter generally called a VAN-ALLEN circuit. This switching power supply device has a switching circuit similar to that shown in FIG.
I have one. The first transformer 2 has a primary winding 3, a secondary winding 6, a tertiary winding 7, a quaternary winding 8 and a saturable magnetic core 9, and the second transformer 2a is It has a primary winding 3a, a secondary winding 6a, a tertiary winding 7a, a quaternary winding 8a, and a saturable magnetic core 9a. FETs 5 and 5a are provided on the primary windings 3 and 3a.
Are connected in series via reactors 4 and 4a. Capacitors 10 and 10a are connected in parallel to the FETs 5 and 5a, respectively. Each FET5, 5a is a diode D
s and Dsa are built in and each has a stray capacitance (not shown). The power supply 1 is connected between the primary windings 3 and 3a and the FETs 5 and 5a. One ends of the secondary windings 6 and 6a having the same polarity are connected to each other, and the other ends are also connected to each other. Therefore, a closed circuit is formed by the two secondary windings 6 and 6a. One end and the other end of the two secondary windings 6 and 6a are line 3
1, 32, four diodes 33, 34, 35,
It is connected to a bridge type full-wave rectification circuit composed of 36. A smoothing circuit including a reactor 37 and a capacitor 38 is provided at the output stage of this rectifier circuit. The tertiary windings 7 and 7a are connected to the FE through the coupling capacitors 19 and 19a.
They are connected between the gate and source of T5 and 5a, respectively.
A series circuit of Zener diodes 20, 20a and diodes 21, 21a is connected between the gates and sources of the FETs 5, 5a, respectively. The quaternary windings 8 and 8a are connected in series with each other and are connected to a common control current source 23.

In the circuit of FIG. 12, when the FET 5a is turned off by the starting resistor R, the voltage Va of the power source 1 is applied to the primary winding 3a. The turning on of the FET 5a is held by the voltage of the tertiary winding 7a. At this time, a current flows in the closed circuit of the secondary winding 6a, the diode 33, the reactor 37, the capacitor 38, and the diode 36 due to the voltage generated in the secondary winding 6a. At the same time, the voltage of the secondary winding 6a is applied to the secondary winding 6. Since the voltage of the tertiary winding 7 has a direction to keep the FET 5 off, the FET 5 keeps off.
When the saturable magnetic core 9a is saturated at time t1 in FIG. 13, the FET 5a is turned off to form a resonance circuit composed of the capacitor 10a, the reactor 4a, the primary winding 3a and the power supply 1, and the voltage V10a of the capacitor 10a. Rises sinusoidally as shown in FIG. Also, the capacitor 10
A resonance circuit composed of the reactor 4, the primary winding 3, and the power supply 1 is also formed, and the voltage V10 of the capacitor 10 drops in a sine wave shape as shown in FIG. The voltage of the primary winding 3a is shown in FIG.
Inverted in the middle of t1 to t2 section of
5 turns off. ON period of FET5 (t2 to t3
), The voltage of the power source 1 is applied to the primary winding 3, and the voltage of the secondary winding 6 causes the circuit including the secondary winding 6, the diode 35, the reactor 37, the capacitor 38, and the diode 34. Current flows through. During the period from t2 to t3, the voltage for turning on the FET 5 is obtained in the tertiary winding 7, and the tertiary winding 7
A voltage for controlling the OFF of the FET 5a is obtained at a. When the saturable magnetic core 9 is saturated at the time t3, the FET 5 is turned off, and the resonance operation similar to that during the period t1 to t2 occurs during the period t3 to t4, and the voltage V10a across the capacitors 10a and 10a.
, V10 change as shown in FIG. In the middle of the period from t3 to t4, the voltage of the primary windings 3 and 3a is inverted, and at t4, F
ET5a turns on and the same state as before t1 occurs. When the currents of the control windings 8 and 8a are changed in the circuit of FIG. 12, the periods t1 to t2 and t3 to t4 shown by T2 of FIG.
Changes and the output voltage is adjusted.

Also in the circuit of FIG. 12, resonance occurs when the magnetic cores 9 and 9a are saturated, the drain-source voltage of the FETs 5 and 5a in the turn-on period and the turn-off period becomes a sine wave, and zero volt switching is achieved.

[0030]

MODIFICATION The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and the following modifications are possible. (1) When the inductance of the primary winding 3 is large, the reactor 4 can be omitted. If the stray capacitance Cs is large, the capacitor 10 can be omitted. (2) Instead of the FET, another switching element such as a bipolar transistor can be used. (3) The rectifying / smoothing circuit 15 of FIG. 1 can be omitted to form an inverter circuit. (4) An FET is added as a switching element between the upper side terminal of the primary winding 3 in FIG. 1 and the power supply 1, and the same winding as the tertiary winding 7 is provided as a drive circuit for the added FET. You can (5) Instead of the reactor 4 of FIG. 12, two reactors may be prepared and connected to the primary windings 3 and 3a in series, respectively. (6) In FIG. 1, the reactor 4 can be moved between the primary winding 3 and the power supply 1.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a switching power supply device according to a first embodiment.

2 is a circuit diagram of FIG. 1 with no load and no control, Vc, I1,
It is a wave form diagram which shows Vb, Vgs, and (phi).

FIG. 3 is a BH characteristic diagram of a saturable magnetic core.

FIG. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of an ON period of the FET of FIG.

5 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a turn-off period of the FET of FIG.

FIG. 6 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the FET of FIG. 1 in an off period.

FIG. 7 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the FET of FIG. 1 during a turn-on period.

8 is a circuit diagram of FIG. 1 under load Vc, I1, Vb, Vg.
It is a waveform diagram which shows s, (phi), and Is.

9 is a waveform diagram showing the voltage Vc of the capacitor when a positive direction control current is passed through the control winding of FIG.

10 is a waveform diagram showing the voltage Vc of the capacitor when a negative control current is passed through the control winding of FIG.

FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram showing a switching power supply device according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram showing a switching power supply device according to a third embodiment.

13 is a waveform diagram showing a state of each part of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 power supply 2 saturable transformer 3 primary winding 4 reactor 5 FET 6 secondary winding 7 Third winding 8 4th winding 9 Saturable magnetic core 10 capacitors

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-60-197166 (JP, A) JP-A-62-144571 (JP, A) JP-A-60-59411 (JP, A) Actual development Sho-56- 40484 (JP, U) Kobunken, Kosuke Harada, Self-excited ZVS-PWM DC-DC converter using saturable magnetic core, IEICE Technical Report, Japan, The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, 1991 7 March 23, Vol. 91 No. 167, 29-36 (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) H02M 3/338 H02M 3/28

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. Mutually electromagnetically coupled to each other via a saturable magnetic core.
Primary winding and secondary winding, that having a third winding and 4 winding
Has a transformer, a DC power supply having one end and the other end, one of the main terminal and the other main terminal and a control terminal, wherein
One main terminal is connected to the front of the DC power supply via the primary winding.
Note that the other main terminal is connected to one end of the DC power supply.
A switching element connected to the other end, a capacitor connected in parallel to the switching element and the resonant capacitance comprising both the floating capacitance, connected in series with the primary winding A resonance inductance including both a reactor and an inductance of the primary winding, a starting resistance connected between the one end of the DC power supply and the control terminal of the switching element, and the secondary winding. a connected output circuits, and a control current source connected to the 4 winding, and a coupling capacitor, wherein the third winding via the coupling capacitor switch
Between the control terminal and the other main terminal of the teaching element
Connected, said resonant inductance and a resonant capacitance have a value to resonate at a higher frequency than the repetition frequency of the on-off of the switching element, the saturable magnetic core of the transformer and positive saturation The other side
Which can be either saturated or unsaturated
The control current source supplies a control current to the fourth winding.
And capable of changing the magnitude of this control current
The switching power supply device is characterized by: 2. Mutual electromagnetic coupling through a saturable magnetic core
And the primary winding has a belt lance having a secondary winding and a third winding, a DC power supply having one end and the end, one of the main terminal and the other main terminal and a control terminal, The above
One main terminal is connected to the front of the DC power supply via the primary winding.
Note that the other main terminal is connected to one end of the DC power supply.
A switching element connected to the other end, a capacitor connected in parallel to the switching element and the resonant capacitance comprising both the floating capacitance, connected in series with the primary winding A resonance inductance including both a reactor and an inductance of the primary winding, a starting resistance connected between the one end of the DC power supply and the control terminal of the switching element, and the secondary winding. a connected output circuit, a coupling capacitor, Zener and a diode, the Zener diode is the tertiary connected to and through the coupling capacitor between the control terminal and the other main terminal of the switching element is against <br/> connection in parallel for the winding, the said third winding via said coupling capacitor switch
Between the control terminal and the other main terminal of the teaching element
Coupled, the resonant inductance and the resonant capacitance has a value which resonates at a higher frequency than the repetition frequency of the on-off of the switching element, the saturable magnetic core of the transformer and positive saturation The other side
Which can be either saturated or unsaturated
Switching power supply unit, characterized in that that. 3. The output circuit is a rectifying / smoothing circuit, and further has a magnetic amplifier connected between the secondary winding and the rectifying / smoothing circuit, and a circuit for controlling the magnetic amplifier. The switching power supply device according to claim 2, which is characterized in that.