WO2017209590A1

WO2017209590A1 - A plant biomass mixture, phyto-removal product and method for removing toxic components from foodstuffs

Info

Publication number: WO2017209590A1
Application number: PCT/MX2016/000054
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ruth Araceli DE CELIS CARRILLO
Original assignee: De Celis Carrillo Ruth Araceli
Priority date: 2016-06-01
Filing date: 2016-06-02
Publication date: 2017-12-07
Also published as: MX2016007090A; MX359611B

Abstract

A plant biomass mixture comprises: a powdered extract from the dehydrated husk of the fruit from a member of the Rosaceae family; and a powdered extract of seeds from the fruit from a member of the Annonaceae family. The mixture also comprises a third powdered extract of husks of the fruit from a member of the Solanaceae family. A product for the phyto-removal of toxic components from foodstuffs comprises: a plant biomass mixture, such as that described in the previous paragraph; and a container, manufactured from a porous material, containing the plant biomass mixture. A method for removing toxic components from foodstuffs comprises the following steps: placing the foodstuffs in water, immersing a phyto-removal product, such as that described in the previous paragraph, in the water containing the foodstuffs; removing the phyto-removal product from the water containing the foodstuffs; and removing the water from the foodstuffs.

Description

MIXTURE OF VEGETABLE BIOMASS, FITORREMOVEDOR PRODUCT AND METHOD, FOR. REMOVE TOXIC ELEMENTS FROM FOOD

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the technical field of Biotechnology and the food industry, because it provides a mixture of plant biomass, a fitoremovedor product, and a method, to remove toxic elements from food, for humans and animals.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

At present, due to unfavorable practices of industrial, agricultural and other human activities, numerous discharges of organic matter, metal ions, hydrocarbons, pesticides and dyes are discharged to water bodies, which are then used to drink or irrigate fields of crop where food is produced for human and animal consumption.

Wastewater may contain Arsenic, Mercury, Nickel, Lead, Copper, Zinc, Chrome and Aluminum, because they are frequently used in the electronics, automotive, mining, food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, textiles and leather goods.

Hence the content of toxic elements in animals and plants for human consumption is significant, because they cannot be metabolized, they only accumulate in the body and this is the cause of various diseases, such as cancer, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, cirrhosis, and others, it also has an adverse impact on the environment.

Numerous foods contain a large amount of toxic elements that cannot be eliminated by simply washing or disinfecting or cooking them, such as heavy metals, metalloids and pesticides.

The methods used to remove metals from wastewater are chemical precipitation, coagulation, solvent extraction, electrolysis, membrane separation, ion exchange and adsorption. Most of these methods used require a large investment, equipment and training to perform them.

Conventional phytoremediation methods use live plants, fixed to a solid substrate from which some contaminant is required to be extracted, so that the living plant dynamically extracts, through its metabolic mechanisms, the elements that are useful for its growth , development or nutrition, or those that are kidnapped by the roots of the vegetable, non-selectively. As you can see, most of the investigations are aimed at the decontamination of industrial wastewater, but none is specifically focused to decontaminate food products in a simpler and simpler way; For example, Acosta et al. (2012) conducted a literature review of the use of different fungal and natural biomass as alternatives for the removal of heavy metals in wastewater from different contaminated niches. Who concluded that the biomass analyzed and reported in the literature efficiently remove heavy metals and arsenic in solution, so they can be used to remove metals present in contaminated sites, such as industrial wastewater (Acosta Rodriguez, I., JF Cárdenas González and VM Martinez Juárez (2012), ^Χ Έ1 use of different biomass for the removal of heavy metals in contaminated sites ", Ide @ s CONCYTEG, 7 (85), PP. 911-922.

On the other hand, Hernáinz et al. (2008) studied the chromium biosorption kinetics (VI) using olive bone as a sorbent solid, finding that Cr (VI) is partly removed by the bone and partly reduced to Cr (III) and that, from a contact time close to 300 minutes, the percentage removed from Cr (VI) and Cr total remains constant, indicating that neither process occurs. Likewise, the elimination capacity of Cr (VI) that the olive bone has decreases with the increase in pH, this decrease being much more when the pH is> 2. For the total Cr, the elimination capacity values are lower than those obtained for Cr (VI), which shows the effect of the reduction of Cr (VI) to Cr (III). The effect of the temperature on the kinetics of the process shows that, for Cr (VI), the biosorption capacity and the kinetic constant increase when the temperature rises from 25 to 60 ° C, both parameters remaining practically constant when the temperature rises to 80 ° C (Hernáinz F., Calero M., Martin-Lara MA and Tenorio G. (2008), "Kinetics of the biosorption of Cr (VI) with olive bone", AFINIDAD LXV, 538, November-December 2008) . That is why in this invention a mixture based on powdered vegetable extracts (non-viable) was developed to produce a Phytoremovedor product to remove toxic elements from food products, using a passive adsorption method.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The characteristic details of the present invention are clearly shown in the following detailed description and the accompanying example, which illustrate some of the preferred embodiments of this invention, and therefore should not be considered as a limitation on said invention.

One of the first objects of the present invention is to provide a mixture of plant biomass to remove toxic elements from food products. Where the main toxic elements to be removed are: Arsenic (As) which is the element commonly found on the surfaces of food products, Boron (B), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb) and pesticide residues.

So food products can be mainly agricultural products, but not limited to, grains, seeds, fruits, strawberries, plant tissues, among others.

Said mixture of vegetable biomass is made up of a powdered extract of the dried peel of the fruit of a member of the Rosaceae family; and a powdered extract of the seeds of the fruit of a member of the Annonaceae family. Where one of the modalities of the mixture of vegetable blomasa, is that the member of the Rosaceae family is of the genus Pyrus; more specifically of the species Pyrus malus; and more preferably of the "Golden Delicious" variety.

A variant of the vegetable biomass mixture in question is when the member of the Annonaceae family is of the Annona genus; being more specifically of the species Annona muricata.

A preferred embodiment of the vegetable biomass mixture of the present invention is when the particle size of the dried extract of the dried peel of the fruit of the member of the Rosaceae family is 0.15 to 0.20 mm in diameter; and the particle size of the dried extract of dried seeds of the fruit of the member of the family of the Annonaceae, is from 0.20 to 2.50 mm in diameter.

Another preferred embodiment of the vegetable biomass mixture in question is that it also comprises a third powdered extract of the dried peel of the fruit of a member of the Solanaceae family; being more specifically of the Lycopersicon genus; preferably of the species Lycopersicon esculentum; and more preferred of the variety "Saladett".

Another embodiment of the mixture according to the present invention is when the particle size of the dried extract of the dried peel of the fruit of the Solanaceae family member is 0.05 to 1.50 mm in diameter. A further object of the present invention is to provide a product that we call as a phytoremovedor, to remove, capture, eliminate, etc., the toxic elements found in food products. Said fitoremovedor product is characterized by comprising a mixture of plant biomass, in accordance with the mixtures of plant biomass of the present invention; and a container made of a porous material contains in its interior the mixture of vegetable biomass. Said porous material may be paper, silk, nylon, to name a few examples; where the pores of the material must be of sufficient size to allow a perfect interaction between the components of the mixture of vegetable biomass and the toxic elements that contaminate food products; or put another way, to allow a complete bioadsorption of toxic elements. An example of the container of the vegetable biomass mixture can be a bag, sachet, sack, envelope, bag, etc. It should also be noted that said container of the vegetable biomass mixture must be closed or sealed in some conventional manner and may optionally carry a fastening means, such as a thread, rope, etc., for easy handling during use; as if it were a conventional tea bag.

A further embodiment of the phyto-moving product of the preceding claim, it can be that said phyto-moving product is in a ratio of 1 part of vegetable biomass mixture to 33.33 parts of food product, to which the toxic elements will be removed.

Among the food products that can be treated with this phyto-stirring product, they can be grains, fruits, strawberries, seeds or any other plant tissue that could be cleaned of its toxic contaminants by means of the present invention.

A further object of the present invention is a method for removing toxic elements from food products, by using the phyto-moving product described in this invention, whereby said method comprises the following steps: i) placing the food products in water, in a ratio of 28.56: 71.43;

ii) submerge the phytoregulatory product in the water that contains the food products, for at least 1 hour, so that the bioadsorption of the toxic elements is carried out;

iii) remove the phytoremovedor product from the water that contains the food products; and iv) remove water from food products already treated.

An embodiment of the present method is to leave the phytoremovedor product submerged in water for 2 h, which is when the highest degree of saturation of toxic elements is achieved.

One modality of the method in question is to use a ratio, mixture of plant biomass: food product (1: 33.33).

A further variant of said method according to the present invention is when a container of the vegetable biomass mixture, made of a porous material, is used. such as paper, silk, nylon, etc .; where the porosity must have a size that allows a perfect interaction between the ingredients of the mixture in question, with the toxic elements. The container can be a bag, sachet, envelope, bag, and the like. It should be noted that said container must be closed or sealed in a conventional manner and may optionally have a fastening means, such as a thread, rope, etc., for easy handling during use; as if it were a conventional tea bag.

With this method, food products such as grains, fruits, strawberries, seeds, among other types of plant tissues that can be treated with said method can be treated.

Unique example

This example illustrates one of the embodiments of the present invention.

materials

Apple, tomato and soursop fruits, firm, ripe, of good quality, clean, free of external damage, chemical agents and pests were used. All the fruits that were used were cultivated and collected in different states of Mexico, considering first, the largest producers of each species of fruit. From the JRosaceae family, yellow apples [Pyrus malus, variety "Golden delicious") were used, obtained from the states of Chihuahua and Durango. The apples obtained the peels and underwent a process of dehydration in a hot air oven at 60 ° C (Waring Pro DHR30 Food Dehydrator), for 10 continuous hours. At the end of the drying process, an elementary analysis of the biomass was carried out and it was obtained that the apple peels recorded 9.94% of humidity and 1.19% of ashes. Apple peel already dehydrated was fragmented until an average cut size between 0.15 and 0.20 mm in diameter was obtained. Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum, of the variety "Saladette"), obtained from the states of Sinaloa and Jalisco, were used from the Solanaceae family. From these tomatoes the husks were obtained, which were subjected to a dehydration process in a hot air oven at 60 ° C (Waring Pro DHR30 Food Dehydrator), for 8 continuous hours. At the end of the drying process, an elementary analysis of the biomass was carried out and it was obtained that the tomato shells registered 8.18% of humidity and 8.19% of ashes. The tomato shell fragments that were obtained were between 0.05 and 1.5 mm in diameter on average.

From the Annonaceae family, Soursop [Annona muricata) were used, which were obtained from the states of Colima and Guerrero. From these soursop the seeds were extracted, which were subjected to a cleaning process of pulp residues of the fruit and allowed to dry in the open air at room temperature. Subsequently, the seeds were crushed in a manual grain mill and already crushed they were subjected to dehydration in a hot air oven at 60 ° C (Waring Pro DHR30 Food Dehydrator), for 4 continuous hours. At the end of the drying process, an elementary analysis of the biomass and it was obtained that crushed soursop seeds recorded 4.90% moisture and 1.18% ash. Soursop seed fragments were between 0.2 and 2.5 mm in diameter on average.

Treatments

In order to know the absorption capacities of toxic elements, of the powdered extracts of apple, tomato and soursop fruits, described above, the following treatments were plated:

Treatment 1: 2 g of powdered extract of apple peels, in a filter paper envelope.

Treatment 2: 2 g of powdered extract of tomato peels, in a filter paper envelope.

Treatment 3: 2g of soursop seed powder extract, in a filter paper envelope.

Treatment 4: a mixture of 2 g of powdered extract of tomato peels and 2 g of powdered extract of soursop seeds, in a filter paper envelope. Treatment 5: a mixture of 2 g of apple peel powder extract and 2 g of tomato peel powder extract, in a filter paper envelope. Treatment 6: a mixture of 2 g of apple peel extract powder and 2 g of soursop seed powder extract, in a filter paper envelope. Treatment 7: A mixture of 2 g of powdered extract of apple peels, 2 g of powdered extract of tomato peels and 2 g of powdered extract is soursop seeds, in a filter paper envelope.

Adsorption Solutions To test the different treatments described above, it was chosen to prepare an aqueous solution of Arsenic (As) (analytical grade), based on the fact that it is the toxic element mostly found in edible grains, due to contamination of irrigation water and because it is an element that is used in the formulation of many pesticides used in food production. In all our previous analyzes of edible grains, Ace has been present in greater or lesser concentration.

In said aqueous solution of As, it also contained the following toxic elements: Boron (B), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb) and pesticide residues (DDT (0.002 μg / L) and DDD (0.003 μg / L), in three of the samples; DDE (0.030μg / L) in 6 of the samples and Lindane (0.002 μg / L) in one sample).

The solutions were prepared with double distilled water and all tests were performed in triplicate. The pH of the solutions was between 6 and 8.

The analysis of simple double-distilled water, of the solutions with As (at a concentration of 0.12 mg / L) with the other toxic elements, and of the solutions resulting from bioadsorption were performed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometry, gravimetry.

The bioadsorption capacity was calculated based on the difference between the initial concentration (Co, mg / L) and the final concentration (Ce, mg / L) in each flask, with the following formula:

Where :

q _e = is the bioabsorption capacity of metal (mg / g).

Co = mg / L initial concentration of the solution.

Ce = mg / L final concentration of the solution.

M = is the dry mass of the biosorbent 2 g for each of the powdered extracts of the vegetables.

V = is the volume of the solution of As in the flask (500 mL) for all tests. Results

The minimum time for bioadsorption of toxic elements was one hour. Triplicate tests of 1, 2, 5, 12 and 24 hours were carried out and it was observed that the tests of greater intervals of time did not exceed the adsorbed concentration at which it was quantified in the first 2 hours. Table 1 shows the results of each of the treatments.

Treatment 1 containing powdered extract of exclusively dehydrated apple peels, effectively adsorbed and removed 90.3% of the Ace from the solution, 80% of B, 90% of Pb, but did not remove pesticides, and reached saturation until past 2 hours of interaction.

Treatment 2 containing powdered extract of dried tomato shells exclusively, was the one that adsorbed more rapidly and removed 91.2% of As and 97% of Ni, but did not remove B, Pb, or pesticides from the solution, but it was the one that was saturated during the first hour of interaction. Table 1. Behavior in% of the removal of toxic elements in food, by the different treatments.

Pest = Pesticides; Yes = yes there was pesticide removal; No = there was no pesticide disposal.

While treatment 3 containing powdered extract of crushed soursop seeds exclusively dehydrated, adsorbed and removed 91.5% of As, 97% of Ni and yes there was pesticide removal from the solution, but it did not eliminate Boron, or Lead and reached saturation until after 2 hours of interaction.

Treatment 4, which contained the mixture of tomato and soursop powder extracts, removed 92% of As, 97 of Ni and also removed pesticides from the solution; but he did not eliminate Boron, nor Lead; and it was saturated in the first hour.

On the other hand, treatment 5 containing the mixture of tomato and apple powder extracts eliminated 94% of As, 90% of B, 99% of Ni, 90% of Pb, but there was no pesticide removal from the solution, and it was saturated in the first hour. Treatment 6, which contained the mixture of apple and soursop powder extracts, removed 92% of As, 86% of B, 94 of Ni, 96 of Pb and removed pesticide residues from the solution, and saturated in the first hour.

On the other hand, treatment 7 that contained the mixture of apple, tomato and soursop powder extracts, eliminated 95% of As, 97% of Boron, 94 of Nickel, 97% of Lead, and also eliminated residues of pesticides of the solution, and it was saturated until after 2 hours.

It was noted that this all treatments were stable to temperature changes and minimal pH variations. As can be seen, treatments 6 and 7 were those that eliminated all toxic elements and pesticide residues, with treatment 7 being the highest percentage of bioadsorption.

It was also observed that the percentage of bioadsorption is directly proportional to plant biomass, once it reaches its saturation level it no longer adsorbs, therefore, in the case that the toxic concentration is very high, the biomass volume to ensure that the removal of these toxic elements in food is optimal.

Based on the previous results of the concentrations of toxic elements found in the raw grains, a volume of 6 g of biomass was calculated Vegetable (the content of an envelope) for the optimal removal of toxic elements in 200 g of raw grains, which should be soaked in 500 mL of clean water.

Claims

1. A mixture of plant biomass, characterized in that it comprises:

1) a powdered extract of the dried peel of the fruit of a member of the Rosaceae family; Y

ii) a powdered extract of the seeds of the fruit of a member of the Annonaceae family.

2. The mixture of the preceding claim, wherein the member of the Rosaceae family is of the genus Pyrus.

3. The mixture of the preceding claim, wherein the member of the genus Pyrus belongs to the species Pyrus malus.

4. The mixture of the preceding claim, wherein the member of the species Pyrus malus is of the "Golden Delicious" variety.

5. The mixture according to claim 1, wherein the member of the Annonaceae family, is of the genus Annona.

6. The mixture of the preceding claim, wherein the member of the genus Annona is of the species Annona muricata.

7. The mixture according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the shell powder extract dehydrated from the fruit of the member of the Rosaceae family, is 0.15 to 0.20 mm in diameter. 8. The mixture according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the dried extract of the dried seed of the fruit of the member of the Annonaceae family, is 0.20 to 2.50 mm in diameter. 9. The mixture of claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a powder extract of the dried peel of the fruit of a member of the Solanaceae family.

10. The mixture of the preceding claim, wherein the member of the Solanaceae family is of the genus

Lycopersicon

11. The mixture according to the preceding claim, wherein the member of the genus Lycopersicon is of the species Lycopersicon esculentum.

12. The mixture of the preceding claim, wherein the member of the species Lycopersicon esculentum is of the "Saladett" variety.

13. The mixture according to claim 9, wherein the particle size of the dried extract of the dried peel of the fruit of the Solanaceae family member is 0.05 to 1.50 mm in diameter.

14. A fitoremovedor product of toxic elements of food products, characterized in that it comprises: i) a mixture of plant biomass, according to any of the preceding claims; and ii) a container made of a porous material, contains the mixture of plant biomass; where the size of the pores allow complete bioadsorption. 15. The phyto-moving product of the preceding claim, wherein the ratio, mixture of vegetable biomass and foodstuff, is 1: 33.33.

16. The phyto-stirring product according to claim 14, wherein the porous material is paper, silk, and / or nylon. 17. The phyto-moving product according to the preceding claim, wherein the porous material is filter paper.

The phyto-moving product of claim 14, wherein the biomass mixture container is selected from the group: bag, sachet, envelope and bag.

19. The phyto-moving product as claimed in claim 14, characterized in that it further comprises a fastening means, such as a thread or rope.

20. The phyto-stirring product according to claim 14, wherein the food products to be cleaned are grains, fruits, strawberries, seeds, and / or plant tissues.

21. A method for removing toxic elements from food products, characterized in that it comprises: v) place food products in water, at a ratio of 28.56: 71.43;

vi) immersing a phyto-stirring product, according to any one of claims 14 to 18, in the water containing the food products, for at least 1 hour, so that the bio-absorption of the toxic elements is carried out;

vii) remove the phytoremovedor product from the water containing the food products; and viii) remove water from food products.

22. The method of the preceding claim, wherein the ratio, mixture of plant biomass and food, is 1: 33.33.

23. The method according to claim 21, wherein the porous material is paper, silk and / or nylon. 24. The method according to the preceding claim, wherein the porous material is filter paper.

25. The method of claim 21, wherein the biomass mixture container is selected from the group: bag, sachet, envelope and bag.

26. The method as claimed in claim 21, characterized in that it further comprises a fastening means, such as a thread or rope.

27. The method according to claim 21, wherein the food products to be cleaned are: grains, fruits, strawberries, seeds and / or plant tissues.