WO2017206106A1 - 一种换热系统 - Google Patents

一种换热系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017206106A1
WO2017206106A1 PCT/CN2016/084311 CN2016084311W WO2017206106A1 WO 2017206106 A1 WO2017206106 A1 WO 2017206106A1 CN 2016084311 W CN2016084311 W CN 2016084311W WO 2017206106 A1 WO2017206106 A1 WO 2017206106A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat
outlet
inlet
heat exchange
working fluid
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PCT/CN2016/084311
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
唐玉敏
虞红伟
Original Assignee
唐玉敏
虞红伟
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Application filed by 唐玉敏, 虞红伟 filed Critical 唐玉敏
Priority to PCT/CN2016/084311 priority Critical patent/WO2017206106A1/zh
Publication of WO2017206106A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017206106A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of heat exchange technology, and in particular to a heat exchange system.
  • the conventional air conditioning and heat pump heating/refrigeration system includes a compressor, a condenser, a throttle, and an evaporator.
  • the low temperature and low pressure working fluid in the heating/cooling system flows through the evaporator to absorb heat and vaporize, and is compressed.
  • the machine is compressed into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas, which flows through the condenser to release heat, and finally passes through the throttle to reduce the pressure and then enters the evaporator again.
  • the working fluid continuously absorbs heat and releases heat during the circulation process in the system to realize system heating/cooling.
  • the condenser When the heating/refrigeration system is used for heating, the condenser is installed in an environment requiring heating, and the working medium absorbs heat in the environment where the evaporator is located in the evaporator, and is sent to the condenser through the working fluid channel. The heat is released to increase the temperature of the environment in which the condenser is located to achieve a heating effect.
  • the heating/refrigeration system is used for cooling
  • the evaporator When the heating/refrigeration system is used for cooling, the evaporator is installed in an environment requiring refrigeration, and the working medium absorbs heat in the environment where the evaporator is located in the evaporator to reduce the temperature of the environment in which the evaporator is located, and works. The mass flow path is sent to the condenser to release the absorbed heat to the environment where the condenser is located to achieve the cooling effect.
  • the application scenarios of the conventional air conditioner and heat pump refrigeration/heating system are divided into two regions: a condensation zone before the throttle, and an evaporation zone after the throttle.
  • part of the heat of the working fluid is released into the environment and is not fully utilized, resulting in waste of the thermal resources of the working medium.
  • the temperature of the working medium is lowered by the action of the throttle member, and finally the evaporation in the evaporation region is absorbed.
  • the throttle element has a limited cooling effect on the working fluid, and the working fluid still carries a part of the condensation residual heat into the evaporator.
  • the lower the temperature of the working medium entering the evaporator the greater the temperature difference between the working medium in the evaporator and the environment in the evaporation zone, and the more heat absorbed by the working medium in the evaporator More, correspondingly, the refrigeration/heating capacity of the heat exchange system is stronger.
  • the condensing waste heat carried by the working medium in the second step reduces the temperature difference between the working medium in the evaporator and the external environment, and destroys the evaporation scene of the evaporator. Therefore, in the conventional air-conditioning heat pump refrigeration/heating system, the condensation zone and the evaporation zone are not completely isolated, and the working fluid will condense the residual tropics into the evaporator, which not only wastes part of the condensation heat, but also causes condensation and evaporation. The mutual infection of the districts, the energy efficiency of the entire system can not be optimal.
  • the present invention provides a heat exchange system for solving the above technical problems.
  • a heat exchange system comprising an evaporator connected via a working fluid flow path, a compressor, a condenser, and a first throttle; an outlet of the evaporator connected to an inlet of the compressor, an outlet of the compressor Connecting an inlet of the condenser, an outlet of the condenser connecting an inlet of the first throttle, an outlet of the first throttle connecting an inlet of the evaporator; characterized by: the condenser A heat replacement zone is disposed between the outlet and the first throttle inlet.
  • the heat replacement zone established between the condenser and the first throttle member isolates the conventional condensation zone from the evaporation zone, and simultaneously enhances the influence of the condensation residual heat on the evaporation zone while lifting the condensation, so that the energy efficiency of the system is greatly improved.
  • said heat displacement zone comprises a second throttle member and a heat displacement device; an inlet of said second throttle member is connected to an outlet of said condenser, and an outlet of said second throttle member is connected to said heat An inlet of the displacement device, the first outlet of the heat displacement device connecting the inlet of the first throttle member.
  • the second throttle element is preceded by a condensation zone of isothermal transformation of the working medium, and the first throttle element is followed by an evaporation zone.
  • the second throttle member advances the throttle member in the conventional Carnot cycle, shortening the distance between the condenser outlet and the throttle member, and disposing the heat between the second throttle member and the evaporator
  • the device recycles part of the condensed waste heat originally released into the environment in the foregoing step, that is, the waste of the condensed waste heat is released into the environment, and the temperature of the working medium entering the evaporator can be lower, and the condensing waste heat is avoided to the evaporator.
  • the destruction of the evaporation scene separates the condensation zone from the evaporation zone, avoiding mutual infection of the condensation zone and the evaporation zone.
  • the heat displacement device comprises a heat recovery unit, a heat utilization unit, an inlet of the heat recovery unit is connected to an inlet of the heat displacement device, and an outlet of the heat recovery unit is connected to a first outlet of the heat displacement device .
  • the heat displacement device comprises a third throttle, an inlet of the third throttle is connected to a first outlet of the heat displacement device, and an outlet of the third throttle is connected to the heat utilization unit The inlet of the heat utilization unit is connected to the second outlet of the heat displacement device.
  • the second outlet of the heat displacement device is connected to the inlet of the compressor.
  • the second outlet of the heat displacement device is connected to the inlet of the evaporator.
  • the second outlet of the heat displacement device is connected to the inlet of the compressor, and the second outlet of the heat displacement device is connected to the inlet of the evaporator.
  • the heat recovery unit comprises a first heat exchange plate having a working fluid flow path
  • the heat utilization unit comprises a second heat exchange plate provided with a working fluid flow path, and an inlet of the heat recovery unit
  • an outlet of the heat recovery unit is communicated through a working fluid flow path of the first heat exchange sheet, and an inlet of the heat utilization unit and an outlet of the heat utilization unit pass through the second heat exchange sheet
  • the mass flow path is connected; the first heat exchange plate and the second heat exchange plate are closely attached to each other.
  • the heat exchange system is a heating system.
  • the heat exchange system is a refrigeration system.
  • the technical solution of the present invention changes the structural pattern of two major regions and four major components of a conventional Carnot cycle application system, and a heat replacement zone is disposed between the condensation zone and the evaporation zone, and the condensation is performed.
  • the working fluid flowing out of the device passes through the heat replacement zone and enters the evaporator.
  • the whole heat exchange system has the following beneficial effects:
  • the second throttle member advances the throttle member at the front end of the evaporator in the conventional air-conditioning heat pump refrigeration/heating system, and recycles the condensed heat originally wasted to the external environment for use in the heat displacement device. Evaporation improves the energy efficiency of the system.
  • the heat recovery unit of the heat displacement device extracts heat from the working fluid discharged through the condenser, and avoids condensation heat remaining in the working medium from damaging the evaporation scene of the evaporator.
  • the heat recovery unit of the heat displacement device extracts the condensed waste heat flowing out of the working medium through the condenser, so that the temperature of the working medium flowing out to the evaporator end by the heat displacement device is greatly reduced, and the working medium and the evaporator in the evaporator are increased.
  • the temperature difference between the external environments increases the heat absorption capacity of the system and improves the efficiency of the system.
  • the heat utilization unit of the heat displacement device heats the working medium by using the condensed residual heat extracted by the heat recovery unit, so that part of the working medium evaporates into a gaseous state. Outputting this part of the gaseous working fluid to the compressor inlet can increase the suction pressure of the compressor, thereby increasing the efficiency of the compressor.
  • the heat medium obtained by evaporating the heat of the heat displacement device is output to the compressor inlet, which can also reduce the pressure difference of the compressor and prolong the service life of the compressor.
  • the heat utilization unit of the heat displacement device heats the working medium by using the condensed residual heat extracted by the heat recovery unit, so that part of the working medium evaporates into a gaseous state.
  • Exporting this part of the gaseous working fluid to the evaporator in the heat exchange system can increase the proportion of the gaseous working medium in the working medium of the evaporator entering the evaporator, so that the passive endothermic type
  • the distribution of the working fluid in the evaporator is more uniform, avoiding the formation of a liquid heap in the evaporator and improving the evaporation efficiency of the evaporator.
  • the heat exchange system has a simple structure, and only needs to add the heat displacement device and the second throttle member to the condenser and the first throttle member to complete the modification of the conventional air conditioner heat pump refrigeration/heating system, and the whole The upgrade process does not involve changes to the structure of the original system components.
  • Figure 1 is a system diagram of an existing heating/cooling system
  • Figure 3 is a scene view of the heat exchange system of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a system diagram of a heat exchange system of the embodiment
  • Figure 5 is a system diagram of the second embodiment of the heat exchange system
  • Figure 6 is a system diagram of the third embodiment of the heat exchange system
  • Figure 7 is a system diagram of the fourth embodiment of the heat exchange system.
  • Figure 8 is a side view of the heat displacement device
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the heat displacement device.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heat displacement device
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a multi-stage series heat displacement device
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a multi-stage parallel heat displacement device
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of a multi-stage hybrid heat exchanger.
  • a heating system including a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator, a first throttle, a second throttle, and a heat displacement device connected through a working fluid flow path.
  • the outlet of the compressor is connected to the inlet of the condenser
  • the outlet of the condenser is connected to the inlet of the second throttle
  • the outlet of the third throttle is connected to the inlet of the heat displacement device
  • the first outlet of the heat displacement device is connected to the first throttle
  • the inlet of the piece, the outlet of the first throttle is connected to the inlet of the evaporator
  • the outlet of the evaporator is connected to the suction of the compressor.
  • the heat of the external environment of the evaporator is absorbed and released into the environment where the condenser is located, which supplies heat to the environment requiring heating, thereby improving the temperature in the room and achieving the heating effect.
  • the heat displacement device includes a heat recovery unit, a heat utilization unit, and a third throttle.
  • the heat recovery unit is connected to the inlet of the heat displacement device, the outlet of the heat recovery unit is connected to the first outlet of the heat displacement device, the inlet of the third throttle is connected to the first outlet of the heat displacement device, and the outlet of the third throttle is connected to the heat.
  • the outlet of the heat utilization unit is connected to the second outlet of the heat displacement device.
  • the second outlet of the heat displacement device is connected to the suction port of the compressor.
  • the heat recovery unit of the heat displacement device extracts heat of the working fluid flowing out of the condenser, so that the temperature of the working fluid flowing out to the first throttle member is greatly reduced.
  • the heat utilization unit uses the working medium condensed waste heat extracted by the heat recovery unit to evaporate part of the working medium, so that the working medium absorbs heat to evaporate into a gaseous working medium.
  • the second throttle member establishes a heat displacement zone between the first throttle member and the condenser to isolate the evaporation zone from the condensation zone.
  • the condensing zone for the isothermal transformation of the working medium is located before the second throttle, and the heat recovery unit in the heat replacement zone absorbs the heat of the working medium and does not affect the condensation pressure difference of the condenser, so that the maximum recovery can be achieved.
  • the condensed residual heat of the material greatly reduces the temperature of the working medium entering the evaporator.
  • the working medium is prevented from carrying too much condensation heat into the evaporator to destroy the evaporation scene of the evaporator; the heat utilization device of the heat replacement zone uses the condensation residual heat extracted by the heat recovery device to evaporate the working medium into a gaseous state, thereby improving the energy efficiency of the system.
  • FIG. 8 is a side view of the heat displacement device 1.
  • the heat recovery unit includes a first heat exchange of a vertically placed metal material
  • the sheet 2 the heat utilization unit comprises a second heat exchange sheet 3 of a metal material placed vertically.
  • the heat recovery unit may include a plurality of first heat exchange sheets 2, and the heat utilization unit may also include a plurality of second heat exchange sheets 3.
  • the first heat exchange sheet 2 and the second heat exchange sheet are the same in number and overlapped at intervals.
  • the first heat exchange sheet 2 includes a working fluid inlet 21 disposed at the top, a working fluid outlet 22 disposed at the bottom, and a working fluid passage 23 disposed between the working fluid inlet and the working fluid outlet.
  • the second heat exchange sheet 3 includes a working fluid inlet 31 disposed at the bottom, a working fluid outlet 32 disposed at the top, and a working fluid flow passage 33 disposed between the working fluid inlet 31 and the working fluid outlet 32.
  • the working fluid in the working fluid flow path 23 of the first heat exchange sheet 2 flows in the opposite direction to the working fluid flow in the working fluid flow path 33 of the second heat exchange sheet 3.
  • the working fluid inlet of the first heat exchange sheet 2 is connected to the inlet of the heat recovery unit, and the working medium outlet of the first heat exchange sheet 2 is connected to the outlet of the heat recovery unit.
  • the working fluid inlet of the second heat exchange sheet 3 is connected to the inlet of the heat utilization unit, and the working fluid outlet 32 of the second heat exchange sheet 3 is connected to the outlet of the heat utilization unit.
  • the inlet of the third throttle member 4 is connected to the outlet of the heat recovery unit (ie, the working fluid outlet 22 of the first heat exchanger sheet), and the outlet of the third throttle member 4 is connected to the heat utilization unit inlet (ie, the second heat exchanger sheet) Working fluid inlet 31).
  • the high temperature and high pressure working fluid discharged from the condenser enters the third throttle member 4 in the form of gas-liquid two-phase state before being completely condensed, and the third throttle member 4 can adjust the working fluid flowing from the heat recovery unit to the heat utilization unit.
  • the flow rate achieves adjustment of the density of the working medium in the heat recovery unit and the heat utilization unit.
  • the total value of the working fluid The first heat exchange sheet 2 and the second heat exchange sheet 3 of metal material are closely overlapped, and due to the difference in total enthalpy of the two, they are transferred to each other.
  • the gas-liquid mixed working medium in the second heat exchange sheet 3 absorbs the heat of the working fluid in the gas-liquid mixed state in the first heat exchange sheet 2, and the heat absorbed in the working medium in the second heat exchange sheet 3 evaporates into In the gaseous state, the heat released from the working fluid in the first heat exchange sheet 2 is liquefied, and the temperature is further lowered.
  • the inlet of the second throttle member is connected to the outlet of the condenser, and the outlet of the second throttle member is connected to the inlet of the heat recovery unit.
  • the second throttle member is equivalent to moving the first throttle member at the front end of the evaporator in the original heat exchange system, effectively using the condensed waste heat for the heat replacement system, improving the effective heat production of the system and avoiding waste of heat.
  • the gas-liquid mixed state fluid flowing out from the outlet of the condenser enters the heat exchange zone along the working fluid channel.
  • the heat recovery unit and the heat utilization unit perform sufficient heat replacement.
  • the temperature of the working fluid flowing out through the first outlet of the heat displacement device and entering the inlet of the first throttle is lower than the temperature of the working fluid flowing from the outlet of the condenser.
  • the heat of the working medium entering the evaporator through the first throttle member is reduced, the working temperature entering the evaporator is lower, and the evaporation pressure is adjusted, so that the heat absorption capacity of the evaporator is higher.
  • the working medium containing more gaseous working medium which is evaporated in the heat utilization unit is evaporated through the outlet of the heat utilization unit.
  • the second outlet of the heat displacement device can be connected to the inlet of the compressor (the compressor can also be supplemented with compression) At this time, the second outlet of the heat displacement device can be connected to the air supply port of the supplemental compressor, thereby increasing the suction pressure of the compressor, thereby improving the compression ratio of the compressor and improving the compression efficiency of the compressor. And extend the life of the compressor.
  • Figure 5 is a heating system including a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator, a first throttle, a second throttle, and a heat displacement device connected through a working fluid flow path.
  • the evaporator includes a common evaporator and a heat collecting plate (a passive heat absorbing heteropolymerized heat absorbing plate).
  • the outlet of the compressor is connected to the inlet of the condenser, the outlet of the condenser is connected to the inlet of the second throttle, the outlet of the third throttle is connected to the inlet of the heat displacement device, and the first outlet of the heat displacement device is connected to the first throttle
  • the inlet of the piece, the outlet of the first throttle is connected to the inlet of the evaporator, and the outlet of the evaporator is connected to the suction of the compressor.
  • the structure of the heat-displacement device is the same as that of the first embodiment, and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.
  • the gas-liquid mixed state fluid flowing out of the outlet of the condenser enters the heat displacement device along the working fluid channel.
  • the heat recovery unit of the heat displacement device and the heat utilization unit exchange sufficient heat.
  • the temperature of the working fluid exiting the outlet of the heat recovery unit and entering the inlet of the first throttle is lower than the temperature of the working fluid flowing from the outlet of the condenser.
  • the heat of the working medium entering the evaporator through the first throttle member is reduced, the working temperature entering the evaporator is lower, and the evaporation pressure is adjusted, so that the heat absorption capacity of the evaporator is higher.
  • the working medium containing more gaseous working fluid which is evaporated in the heat utilization unit is evaporated through the outlet of the heat utilization unit.
  • the second outlet of the heat displacement device can be connected to the inlet of the compressor, which increases the suction pressure of the compressor, thereby increasing the compression ratio of the compressor.
  • Figure 6 is a heating system including a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator, a first throttle, a second throttle, and a heat displacement device connected by a working fluid flow path.
  • the evaporator includes a common evaporator and a heat collecting plate (a passive heat absorbing heteropolymerized heat absorbing plate).
  • the outlet of the compressor is connected to the inlet of the condenser, the outlet of the condenser is connected to the inlet of the second throttle, the outlet of the third throttle is connected to the inlet of the heat displacement device, and the first outlet of the heat displacement device is connected to the first throttle
  • the inlet of the piece, the outlet of the first throttle is connected to the inlet of the evaporator, and the outlet of the evaporator is connected to the suction of the compressor.
  • the structure of the heat-displacement device is the same as that of the first embodiment, and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.
  • the gas-liquid mixed state fluid flowing out of the outlet of the condenser enters the heat displacement device along the working fluid channel.
  • Heat recovery unit, heat recovery unit and The heat is used to fully exchange heat between the working fluids in the unit.
  • the temperature of the working fluid flowing out through the heat recovery unit and entering the inlet of the first throttle is lower than the temperature of the working fluid flowing out of the outlet of the condenser.
  • the heat of the working medium entering the evaporator through the first throttle member is reduced, the working temperature entering the evaporator is lower, and the evaporation pressure is adjusted, so that the heat absorption capacity of the evaporator is higher.
  • the working medium containing more gaseous working fluid which is evaporated in the heat utilization unit is evaporated through the outlet of the heat utilization unit.
  • the second outlet of the heat displacement device may be connected to the inlet of the first throttle member, and enter the heat collecting plate through the first throttle member to increase the proportion of the gaseous working medium entering the heat collecting plate working medium, so that the passive heat absorption
  • the distribution of the working medium in the type of heat collecting plate is more uniform, which is equivalent to a primary evaporation of the heat collecting plate to improve the heating capacity of the system.
  • the working medium containing more gaseous working medium which is evaporated in the heat utilization unit is evaporated through the outlet of the heat utilization unit.
  • a second outlet of the heat displacement device can be coupled to the inlet of the first throttle and the inlet of the compressor, respectively.
  • the compressor suction pressure is increased, thereby increasing the compression ratio of the compressor;
  • the first throttle member enters the heat collecting plate to increase the proportion of the gaseous working medium entering the heat collecting plate working medium.
  • the distribution of the working medium in the passive heat absorption type heat collecting plate is more uniform, which is equivalent to performing a primary evaporation of the heat collecting plate to improve the heating capacity of the system.
  • Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 5 can also adopt the structure as shown in FIG. 10:
  • the heat recovery unit comprises a first heat exchange sheet 2 of a metal material placed vertically, the first heat exchange sheet 2 comprising a working medium inlet 21 disposed at the top, a working medium outlet 22 disposed at the bottom, and a working medium disposed on the working medium
  • the heat absorbing working fluid channel 26 is an S-shaped curved flow channel.
  • the inlet of the heat absorbing working fluid channel 26 is connected to the working fluid inlet 21, and the liquid collecting pipe 23 and the heat absorbing working fluid channel 26 are connected through the first return channel 25.
  • the vapor phase return pipe 24 and the heat absorbing working fluid flow path 26 are in communication through the second return passage 27.
  • the first return passage 25 is an inclined straight flow passage, and the position of the connection point of the first return passage 25 and the header 23 is higher than the position of the connection point of the first return passage 25 and the heat absorbing working fluid passage 26.
  • the second return passage 27 is an inclined straight flow passage, and the position of the connection point of the second return passage 27 and the header 23 is lower than the position of the connection point of the second return passage 27 and the heat absorbing working fluid passage 26.
  • the gas-liquid mixed working medium enters the heat-absorbing working fluid channel 26 through the working fluid inlet 21, and the heat of most of the working fluid in the heat-absorbing working fluid channel is absorbed and transferred to become a liquid working medium having a lower temperature.
  • the liquid working medium is collected by gravity into the liquid collecting pipe 23 through the downwardly inclined first return passage 25.
  • the gaseous working fluid flows in the curved heat absorbing working fluid passage 26, enters the gas phase return pipe 24 through the upwardly inclined second return passage 27, and returns to the working fluid inlet 21 to enter the heat absorbing working fluid passage 26 again, so that Its heat can be absorbed and transferred to be liquefied.
  • the heat utilization unit comprises a second heat exchange plate 3 of a metal material placed vertically, the second heat exchange plate 3 including a setting A working fluid inlet 31 at the bottom, a working fluid outlet 32 disposed at the top, and a heating medium flow passage 36, a gas collecting pipe 33, and a liquid phase return pipe 34 disposed between the working fluid inlet 31 and the working fluid outlet 32.
  • the heating medium flow path 36 is an S-shaped curved flow path, and the inlet of the heating medium flow path 36 is connected to the working medium inlet 31, and the gas collecting pipe 33 and the heating medium flow path 36 are connected through the third return flow path 37.
  • the phase return pipe 34 and the heating medium flow path 36 communicate through the fourth return passage 35.
  • the third return passage 37 is an inclined straight flow passage, and the position of the connection point of the third return passage 37 and the header 33 is higher than the position of the connection point of the third return passage 37 and the heating medium flow passage 36.
  • the fourth return passage 35 is an inclined straight flow passage, and the position of the connection point of the fourth return passage 35 and the liquid phase return pipe 34 is lower than the position of the connection point of the fourth return passage 35 and the heat supply working fluid passage 36.
  • the liquid working medium discharged through the second heat exchange plate enters the heating medium flow path 36 through the working medium inlet 31. After most of the working fluid in the heating medium flow passage 36 absorbs heat, it becomes a gaseous working medium.
  • the gaseous working medium is collected by gravity into the gas collecting pipe 33 through the upwardly inclined third return passage 37.
  • the still liquid working fluid flows in the curved heating fluid passage 36, passes through the downwardly inclined fourth return passage 35, enters the liquid phase return pipe 34, returns to the working fluid inlet 21, and enters the heating working fluid passage 36 again. So that it can absorb heat again and become a gaseous working medium.
  • FIG. 8 is a side view of the heat displacement device 1.
  • the heat recovery unit includes a first heat exchange sheet 2 of a metal material placed vertically, and the heat utilization unit includes a second heat exchange sheet 3 of a metal material placed vertically.
  • the heat recovery unit may include a plurality of first heat exchange sheets 2, and the heat utilization unit may also include a plurality of second heat exchange sheets 3.
  • the first heat exchange sheet 2 and the second heat exchange sheet are the same in number and overlapped at intervals.
  • the working fluid inlet of the first heat exchange sheet 2 is connected to the inlet of the heat recovery unit, and the working medium outlet of the first heat exchange sheet 2 is connected to the outlet of the heat recovery unit.
  • the working fluid inlet of the second heat exchange sheet 3 is connected to the inlet of the heat utilization unit, and the working fluid outlet 32 of the second heat exchange sheet 3 is connected to the outlet of the heat utilization unit.
  • the inlet of the third throttle member 4 is connected to the outlet of the heat recovery unit (ie, the working fluid outlet 22 of the first heat exchanger sheet), and the outlet of the third throttle member 4 is connected to the heat utilization unit inlet (ie, the second heat exchanger sheet) Working fluid inlet 31).
  • the first heat exchange sheet 2 and the second heat exchange sheet 3 are closely adhered, and the working medium in the heat absorbing working fluid passage 26 flows from the top to the bottom, and the working medium in the heat medium flow passage 36 flows from the bottom to the bottom. On the upper flow, the working fluids in the two working fluid channels form convection, which promotes heat exchange between each other.
  • the working fluid flowing out through the condenser is in a gas-liquid mixed state
  • the third throttle member 4 can adjust the flow rate of the working medium flowing from the outlet of the heat replacing device to the heat utilization unit to adjust the heat recovery unit and the heat utilization unit. Adjustment of mass density. Adjusting the working medium density in the heat recovery unit by the third throttle member 4 to be greater than the working medium density in the heat utilization unit, so that the first heat exchange sheet 2 and the second heat exchange sheet 3 having the same structure are replaced by the first The total enthalpy of the working medium in the hot plate 2 is greater than the total enthalpy of the working medium in the second heat exchange plate 3.
  • the first heat exchange sheet 2 and the second heat exchange sheet 3 of metal material are closely overlapped, and due to the difference in total enthalpy of the two, they are transferred to each other.
  • the gas-liquid mixed working medium in the second heat exchange sheet 3 absorbs the heat of the working fluid in the gas-liquid mixed state in the first heat exchange sheet 2, and the working medium in the second heat exchange sheet 3 sucks
  • the heat of collection is evaporated to a gaseous state, and the heat released from the working fluid in the first heat exchange sheet 2 is liquefied, and the temperature is further lowered.
  • the heat displacement device in all the above embodiments may also adopt a multi-stage series heat displacement device in which a plurality of heat recovery units are connected in series, or a multi-stage parallel heat replacement system in which a plurality of heat recovery units are connected in parallel, or a plurality of heat recovery units are mixed.
  • a multi-stage heat mixing replacement system may also adopt a multi-stage series heat displacement device in which a plurality of heat recovery units are connected in series, or a multi-stage parallel heat replacement system in which a plurality of heat recovery units are connected in parallel, or a plurality of heat recovery units are mixed.
  • the multi-stage tandem heat displacement device includes two heat displacement subsystems (in this embodiment, referred to as a first heat displacement subsystem and a second heat displacement subsystem).
  • the heat displacement subsystem includes: a heat recovery unit 2, a heat utilization unit 3, and a third throttle.
  • the inlet of the heat recovery unit of the first heat displacement subsystem is connected to the inlet of the multi-stage series heat displacement device, and the outlet of the heat recovery unit of the first heat displacement subsystem is connected to the inlet of the heat recovery unit of the second heat displacement subsystem,
  • the outlet of the heat recovery unit of the two heat displacement subsystem is coupled to the first outlet of the multi-stage series heat displacement device.
  • the working fluid of the first outlet of the multi-stage series heat displacement device is divided into three ways: one is connected to the first throttle inlet of the heat exchange system, and the other is returned to the entrance of the third throttle of the second heat displacement subsystem, Finally returning to the inlet of the third throttle of the first heat displacement subsystem, the outlet of the third throttle of the second heat displacement subsystem is connected to the inlet of the heat utilization unit of the second heat displacement subsystem, first The outlet of the third throttle of the heat displacement subsystem is coupled to the inlet of the heat utilization unit of the first heat displacement subsystem, the outlet of the heat utilization unit of the first heat displacement subsystem and the heat utilization unit of the second heat displacement subsystem Both are connected to a second outlet of the multi-stage series heat displacement device.
  • the second throttle member establishes a multi-stage series heat exchange zone between the first throttle member and the condenser to isolate the evaporation zone from the condensation zone.
  • the condensing zone where the working medium is isothermally transformed is located before the second throttle, and the heat recovery unit in the multi-stage series heat replacement zone absorbs the heat of the working medium and does not affect the condensation pressure difference of the condenser, so The condensed waste heat of the recovered working fluid greatly reduces the temperature of the working medium entering the evaporator.
  • the working medium is prevented from carrying too much condensation heat into the evaporator to destroy the evaporation scene of the evaporator; the heat utilization device of the multi-stage series heat replacement zone uses the condensation residual heat extracted by the heat recovery device to evaporate the working medium into a gaseous state, thereby improving the energy efficiency of the system.
  • the heat recovery unit of the two heat displacement subsystems is connected in series between the inlet of the multi-stage heat displacement device and the first outlet, and the heat replacement between the heat recovery unit and the heat utilization unit is more thorough, and the condensation heat of the working medium can be deepened. Multi-stage recycling greatly reduces the temperature of the working fluid entering the evaporator.
  • the inlet of the third throttle member 4 is connected to the outlet of the heat recovery unit (ie, the working fluid outlet 22 of the first heat exchanger sheet), and the outlet of the third throttle member 4 is connected to the heat utilization unit inlet (ie, the second heat exchanger sheet) Working fluid inlet 31).
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure working medium discharged from the condenser enters the heat recovery unit of the first heat-displacement subsystem and the heat recovery unit of the second heat-displacement subsystem in the form of gas-liquid two-phase before being completely condensed.
  • the third throttle of the heat displacement subsystem can adjust the flow rate of the working fluid flowing from the first outlet of the multi-stage series heat displacement device to the heat utilization unit in the heat displacement subsystem to realize the heat recovery unit and the heat utilization unit Adjustment of working density.
  • the heat displacement subsystem is adjusted by the third throttle
  • the working medium density in the heat recovery unit is greater than the working medium density in the heat utilization unit, so that the total enthalpy of the working medium in the first heat exchange sheet 2 is greater than the total enthalpy value of the working medium in the second heat exchange plate 3.
  • the first heat exchange sheet 2 and the second heat exchange sheet 3 of metal material are closely overlapped, and due to the difference in total enthalpy of the two, they are transferred to each other.
  • the gas-liquid mixed working medium in the second heat exchange sheet 3 absorbs the heat of the working fluid in the gas-liquid mixed state in the first heat exchange sheet 2, and the heat absorbed in the working medium in the second heat exchange sheet 3 evaporates into In the gaseous state, the heat released from the working fluid in the first heat exchange sheet 2 is liquefied, and the temperature is further lowered.
  • the gas-liquid two-phase working medium passes through the heat recovery unit of the first heat replacing subsystem, and the heat of the working medium flowing out from the outlet of the heat recovery unit is transferred, and most of the working medium becomes a liquid working medium having a lower temperature; further Entering the heat recovery unit of the second heat displacement subsystem, more heat of the working medium is transferred, and the temperature is further lowered.
  • Part of the working fluid flows out of the outlet of the heat recovery unit of the second heat displacement subsystem to the first outlet of the multi-stage series heat displacement device, and is delivered to the first throttle of the heating system.
  • the remaining part of the working medium is separately sent to the heat utilization unit of the first heat displacement subsystem and the heat utilization unit of the second heat displacement subsystem, and after the heat is absorbed, it becomes the second outlet of the gaseous working medium through the multi-stage series heat displacement device.
  • the temperature difference between the working fluid flowing out of the first outlet of the multi-stage series heat displacement device and the working fluid flowing through the inlet of the multi-stage series heat displacement device is increased by the two series of heat displacement systems, so that the heating system is heated More suitable for harsh extreme low temperature heating environments.
  • the total enthalpy difference of the working medium in the first heat exchange plate and the second heat exchange plate of the first heat exchange subsystem is greater than the first heat exchange plate and the second heat exchange plate of the second heat exchange subsystem
  • the total enthalpy difference of the working fluid is higher, and the degree of heat replacement is higher.
  • the heat can be quickly replaced on the working medium at the first time; on the other hand, the multi-stage series heat displacement device can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of the working medium in the heat utilization unit of the heat-displacement system of each stage.
  • the proportion of gaseous working medium in the working fluid discharged from the second outlet meets the different needs of the heating system in different environments.
  • the multi-stage parallel heat displacement device includes two heat displacement subsystems.
  • the heat displacement subsystem includes: a heat recovery unit 2, a heat utilization unit 3, and a third throttle.
  • the inlet of the heat recovery unit of the heat displacement subsystem is coupled to the inlet of the heat displacement subsystem, and the outlet of the heat recovery unit is coupled to the first outlet of the heat displacement subsystem.
  • the working fluid flowing out of the first outlet of the heat displacement subsystem is divided into two ways: one is connected to the first throttle inlet of the heat exchange system, and the other is returned to the inlet of the third throttle of the heat displacement subsystem, the third section
  • the outlet of the flow piece is connected to the inlet of the heat utilization unit, and the outlet of the heat utilization unit is connected to the second outlet of the heat displacement subsystem.
  • the second throttle member establishes a heat displacement zone between the first throttle member and the condenser to isolate the evaporation zone from the condensation zone.
  • the condensing zone for the isothermal transformation of the working medium is located before the second throttle, and the heat recovery unit in the heat replacement zone absorbs the heat of the working medium and does not affect the condensation pressure difference of the condenser, so that the maximum recovery can be achieved.
  • the condensed residual heat of the material greatly reduces the temperature of the working medium entering the evaporator.
  • the heat utilization unit of the heat replacement unit uses the condensation residual heat extracted by the heat recovery device to evaporate the working medium into gas State, improve the energy efficiency of the system.
  • the heat recovery unit of the two heat displacement subsystems is connected in parallel between the inlet of the multi-stage heat displacement device and the first outlet, and the heat exchange between the heat recovery unit and the heat utilization unit is more rapid, and the condensation heat of the working medium can be simultaneously recovered. Utilize, quickly reduce the temperature of the working fluid entering the evaporator.
  • the inlet of the third throttle member 4 is connected to the outlet of the heat recovery unit (ie, the working fluid outlet 22 of the first heat exchanger sheet), and the outlet of the third throttle member 4 is connected to the heat utilization unit inlet (ie, the second heat exchanger sheet) Working fluid inlet 31).
  • the high temperature and high pressure working fluid discharged from the condenser enters the heat recovery unit of the two heat displacement subsystems simultaneously in the gas-liquid two-phase state before being completely condensed.
  • the third throttle of the heat displacement system can adjust the flow rate of the working fluid flowing from the first outlet of the multi-stage parallel heat displacement device to the heat utilization unit in the heat displacement subsystem, and realize the work in the heat recovery unit and the heat utilization unit Adjustment of mass density.
  • the first heat exchange sheet 2 and the second heat exchange sheet 3 of metal material are closely overlapped, and due to the difference in total enthalpy of the two, they are transferred to each other.
  • the gas-liquid mixed working medium in the second heat exchange sheet 3 absorbs the heat of the working fluid in the gas-liquid mixed state in the first heat exchange sheet 2, and the heat absorbed in the working medium in the second heat exchange sheet 3 evaporates into In the gaseous state, the heat released from the working fluid in the first heat exchange sheet 2 is liquefied, and the temperature is further lowered.
  • the gas-liquid two-phase working medium passes through the heat recovery unit of the heat exchange subsystem, and the heat of the working fluid flowing out from the outlet of the heat recovery unit is transferred, and most of the working medium becomes a liquid solution with a lower temperature flowing out to the low heat isolation.
  • the outlet is delivered to the first throttle of the heating system.
  • the remaining part of the working fluid is sent back to the heat utilization unit of the heat displacement system, and after the heat is absorbed, the gaseous working medium is sent to the compressor suction port through the high heat isolation outlet.
  • the working state of the two heat-displacement subsystems can be separately controlled by adjusting the amount of working fluid in the heat utilization unit of the heat-displacement subsystem of each stage. It is even possible to select one of the heat replacement subsystems separately or to open two heat displacement subsystems simultaneously to meet the system's different heating/cooling speed requirements. Even if one of the heat-replacement subsystems fails, it is guaranteed that the other heat-displacement subsystem will not be affected by its independent operation, thereby improving the stability of the entire heating system.
  • the multi-stage hybrid heat displacement device includes a first heat displacement subsystem, a second heat displacement subsystem, and a third heat displacement subsystem.
  • the first heat-displacement subsystem is connected in parallel with the second heat-displacement subsystem and then connected in series with the third heat-displacement subsystem to form an entire multi-stage hybrid heat exchanger.
  • the heat displacement subsystem includes: a heat recovery unit 2, a heat utilization unit 3, and a third throttle.
  • the inlets of the heat recovery units of the first heat displacement subsystem and the second heat displacement subsystem are coupled to the inlets of the multi-stage hybrid heat displacement device, the first heat displacement subsystem and the second heat displacement subsystem
  • the outlet of the heat recovery unit is connected to the inlet of the heat recovery unit of the third heat displacement subsystem.
  • the outlet of the heat recovery unit of the third heat displacement subsystem is coupled to the first outlet of the multi-stage hybrid heat displacement device.
  • the working fluid of the first outlet of the multi-stage hybrid heat displacement device is divided into four channels: one is connected to the first throttle inlet of the heat exchange system, and the remaining three paths are respectively returned to the first heat displacement subsystem and the second heat exchanger.
  • the system, and the inlet of the third throttle of the third heat displacement subsystem are connected to the first throttle inlet of the heat exchange system.
  • the outlet of the third throttle of the first heat displacement subsystem is coupled to the inlet of the heat utilization unit of the third heat displacement subsystem, and the outlet of the third throttle of the second heat displacement subsystem is coupled to the second heat exchanger
  • the heat of the system utilizes the inlet of the unit, and the outlet of the third throttle of the third heat displacement subsystem is coupled to the inlet of the third throttle of the third heat displacement subsystem.
  • the heat utilization units of the first heat displacement subsystem, the second heat displacement subsystem, and the third heat displacement subsystem are each coupled to a second outlet of the multi-stage hybrid heat displacement device.
  • the second throttle member establishes a multi-stage hybrid heat exchange zone between the first throttle member and the condenser to isolate the evaporation zone from the condensation zone.
  • the condensing zone for the isothermal transformation of the working medium is located before the second throttle, and the heat recovery unit of the heat recovery unit in the multi-stage mixed heat replacement zone does not affect the condensation pressure difference of the condenser, and thus can be maximized.
  • the limit of recovery of the condensing waste heat of the working fluid, so that the temperature of the working medium entering the evaporator is greatly reduced.
  • the working medium is prevented from carrying too much condensation heat into the evaporator to destroy the evaporation scene of the evaporator; the heat utilization device of the multi-stage mixed heat replacement zone uses the condensation residual heat extracted by the heat recovery device to evaporate the working medium into a gaseous state, thereby improving the energy efficiency of the system.
  • the heat recovery unit of the three heat displacement subsystems is mixed between the inlet of the multi-stage hybrid heat displacement device and the first outlet, and the heat replacement between the heat recovery unit and the heat utilization unit is more rapid and thorough, and the work can be quickly performed.
  • the condensation heat of the material is subjected to deep multi-stage recycling, and the temperature of the working medium entering the evaporator is greatly reduced in a short time.
  • the inlet of the third throttle member 4 is connected to the outlet of the heat recovery unit (ie, the working fluid outlet 22 of the first heat exchanger sheet), and the outlet of the third throttle member 4 is connected to the heat utilization unit inlet (ie, the second heat exchanger sheet) Working fluid inlet 31).
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure working medium discharged from the condenser enters the heat recovery unit of the first heat-displacement subsystem and the heat recovery unit of the second heat-displacement subsystem simultaneously in the gas-liquid two-phase state before being completely condensed, and then enters The heat recovery unit of the third heat displacement subsystem.
  • the third throttle member can adjust the flow rate of the working fluid flowing from the first outlet of the multi-stage hybrid heat displacement device to the heat-utilizing subsystem of the heat-displacement subsystem to realize the heat recovery unit and the heat utilization unit in the heat-displacement subsystem Adjustment of working density. Adjusting the working medium density in the heat recovery unit by the third throttle member to be greater than the working medium density in the heat utilization unit, so that the total enthalpy of the working medium in the first heat exchange sheet 2 is greater than that in the second heat exchange plate 3 The total devaluation of the quality.
  • the first heat exchange sheet 2 and the second heat exchange sheet 3 of metal material are closely overlapped, and due to the difference in total enthalpy of the two, they are transferred to each other.
  • the gas-liquid mixed working medium in the second heat exchange sheet 3 absorbs the heat of the working fluid in the gas-liquid mixed state in the first heat exchange sheet 2, and the heat absorbed in the working medium in the second heat exchange sheet 3 evaporates into In the gaseous state, the heat released from the working fluid in the first heat exchange sheet 2 is liquefied, and the temperature is further lowered.
  • the gas-liquid two-phase working medium passes through the first heat displacement subsystem and the second The heat recovery unit of the heat exchange subsystem, the heat of the working medium flowing out from the outlet of the heat recovery unit is transferred, and most of the working medium becomes a liquid working medium with a lower temperature; further entering the heat recovery unit of the third heat replacing subsystem The heat of the working medium is transferred and the temperature is further lowered.
  • the working fluid flowing out from the first outlet of the partial multi-stage hybrid heat displacement device is sent to the first throttle of the heating system; the remaining part of the working fluid is sent to the first heat replacement subsystem and the second heat exchanger respectively.
  • the system and the heat utilization unit of the third heat displacement subsystem, after absorbing heat, are converted into gaseous working medium and sent to the compressor suction port through the second outlet of the multi-stage hybrid heat exchange device.
  • the two-stage parallel heat exchange subsystem realizes the heat exchange of a large amount of working medium in a short time, improves the heat exchange efficiency of the multi-stage hybrid isolation zone to the working medium, and makes the heating system more suitable for the extreme extreme low temperature. Rapid heating requirements in a heating environment.
  • the series connection of the two heat-displacement subsystems in parallel with the third heat-displacement system improves the flow of the working fluid flowing out through the first outlet of the multi-stage hybrid heat exchanger and the inlet of the multi-stage heat exchanger replacing device The temperature difference between the materials makes the heating system more suitable for harsh extreme low temperature heating environments.
  • the total enthalpy difference of the working medium in the first heat exchange plate and the second heat exchange plate in the third heat displacement subsystem is greater than the first heat exchange plate and the second in the first heat displacement system and the second heat displacement system
  • the total enthalpy difference of the working medium in the heat exchanger sheet is higher, and the degree of heat replacement is higher.
  • the heat can be quickly replaced on the working medium at the first time; on the other hand, by adjusting the amount of the working medium in the heat utilization unit of the heat replacement subsystem, the high-heat isolation outlet can be adjusted to discharge the working medium.
  • the proportion of medium-grade working fluids meets the different needs of heating systems in different environments.
  • the heat exchange system of all of the above embodiments can also be used for refrigeration, in which the evaporator is placed in a closed environment such as a room requiring heating, and the condenser is placed outside the closed environment.
  • the enclosed environment in which the evaporator is located forms an evaporation zone
  • the environment in which the condenser is located forms a condensation zone.
  • the ambient heat of the evaporation zone is absorbed and released into the condensing zone to absorb heat for the closed cooling environment, reducing the temperature in the room and achieving the cooling effect.
  • the technical scheme of the present invention changes the structural pattern of two major regions and four major components of the conventional Carnot cycle application system, and heat displacement is arranged between the condensation zone and the evaporation zone by the second throttle member and the heat displacement device. Area.
  • the advancement of the throttle can use the condensed waste heat for heat replacement, avoiding the waste of condensation waste heat and improving the effective heat production of the system.
  • the working medium is divided into two parts inside the heat displacement device, and the low-quality condensing waste heat which can not be reused in the traditional Carnot cycle application system is extracted, so that the temperature of the working medium passing through the heat-removing unit exiting the heat-displacement device into the evaporator is obtained.
  • the temperature of the working fluid entering the evaporator directly from the outlet of the condenser is lower.
  • the integrity of the condensation and evaporation scenarios in the entire refrigeration/heating system is ensured, and the loss of heat of condensation and heat of evaporation during the process of entering the evaporation zone from the condensation zone is reduced.
  • Rational optimization has opened up a direction for the efficiency of the Carnot cycle machine to approach the ideal efficiency infinitely. Thereby breaking through the technical bottleneck of the refrigeration/heating system and greatly improving the energy efficiency ratio of the refrigeration/heating system. Tested by the National Construction Engineering Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, the ratio of the heating capacity of the heat exchange system of the present invention to the heating power consumption can reach 6.61 or even higher.

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Abstract

一种换热系统，包括通过工质流道连接的蒸发器、压缩机、冷凝器、以及第一节流件；所述蒸发器的出口连接所述压缩机的入口，所述压缩机的出口连接所述冷凝器的入口，所述冷凝器的出口连接所述第一节流件的入口，所述第一节流件的出口连接所述蒸发器的入口；其特征在于：所述冷凝器出口和所述第一节流件入口之间设有热量置换区。建立在所述冷凝器和所述第一节流件之间的热量置换区将系统的冷凝区和蒸发区隔离开，在提升冷凝同时，隔绝冷凝余热对蒸发区的影响，使得系统能效大大提升。

Description

一种换热系统 技术领域
本发明涉及热交换技术领域，尤其涉及一种换热系统。
背景技术
如图1，传统空调及热泵制热/制冷系统包括压缩机、冷凝器、节流件、以及蒸发器，制热/冷系统内的低温低压工质流经蒸发器吸收热量气化，在压缩机中被压缩为高温高压的气体，流经冷凝器释放热量，最后经节流件降压后再次进入蒸发器。工质在系统内的循环过程中不断的吸热、放热，实现系统制热/制冷。
制热/制冷系统在用于制热时，将冷凝器安装于需要制热的环境中，工质在蒸发器中吸收蒸发器所处环境中的热量，并经工质流道输送至冷凝器中释放热量，以提高冷凝器所处环境的温度，达到制热效果。制热/制冷系统在用于制冷时，将蒸发器安装于需要制冷的环境中，工质在蒸发器中吸收蒸发器所处环境中的热量以降低蒸发器所处环境的温度，并经工质流道输送至冷凝器中将吸收到的热量释放到冷凝器所处的环境中，达到制冷效果。
如图2，传统空调及热泵制冷/制热系统的应用场景被划分为了两个区域：在节流件之前的冷凝区，以及在节流件之后的蒸发区。高温高压工质经冷凝器进入到蒸发器之间有两个环节：环节一，由冷凝器流出的高温高压工质首先经过工质管道到达节流件；环节二，经过节流件到达蒸发器。在环节一中，工质的一部分热量散发到环境当中，没有被充分利用，造成了工质热量资源的浪费。在环节二中，工质通过节流件的作用以后温度被降低，最终入蒸发区蒸发吸热。但是，传统空调制冷/制热系统中节流件对工质的降温作用是有限的，工质仍然会带着一部分冷凝余热进入到蒸发器中。对于制冷/制热系统而言，在一定范围内，进入蒸发器的工质温度越低，蒸发器内工质与蒸发区环境之间的温度差越大，蒸发器中工质吸收的热量越多，相应地，换热系统的制冷/制热能力也就越强。但是，环节二中工质携带的冷凝余热却缩小了蒸发器内工质与外界环境之间的温度差，破坏了蒸发器的蒸发场景。因此，传统的空调热泵制冷/制热系统中，冷凝区和蒸发区并不是完全独立隔离的，工质将冷凝余热带入到蒸发器内，不仅浪费了部分冷凝余热，而且造成冷凝区与蒸发区的相互感染，整个系统的能效无法达到最优。
发明内容
本发明为解决上述技术问题提供一种换热系统。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种换热系统，包括通过工质流道连接的蒸发器、压缩机、冷凝器、以及第一节流件；所述蒸发器的出口连接所述压缩机的入口，所述压缩机的出口连接所述冷凝器的入口，所述冷凝器的出口连接所述第一节流件的入口，所述第一节流件的出口连接所述蒸发器的入口；其特征在于：所述冷凝器出口和所述第一节流件入口之间设有热量置换区。建立在所述冷凝器和所述第一节流件之间的热量置换区将传统的冷凝区和蒸发区隔离开，在提升冷凝同时，隔绝冷凝余热对蒸发区的影响，使得系统能效大大提升。
作为优选，所述热量置换区包括第二节流件、以及热量置换装置；所述第二节流件的入口连接所述冷凝器的出口，所述第二节流件的出口连接所述热量置换装置的入口，所述热量置换装置的第一出口连接所述隔第一节流件的入口。所述第二节流件之前为工质等温变换的冷凝区，所述第一节流件之后为蒸发区。所述第二节流件将传统卡诺式循环中的节流件前移，缩短了冷凝器出口至节流件之间的距离，设置在第二节流件与蒸发器之间的热量置换装置回收利用原本在前述环节一种释放到环境中的部分冷凝余热，即避免了冷凝余热释放到环境中造成浪费，又使得进入蒸发器的工质温度能够更低，避免了冷凝余热对蒸发器蒸发场景的破坏，将冷凝区和蒸发区隔离开来，避免了冷凝区和蒸发区的相互感染。
作为优选，所述热量置换装置包括热量回收单元、热量利用单元，所述热量回收单元的入口连接所述热量置换装置的入口，所述热量回收单元的出口连接所述热量置换装置的第一出口。
作为优选，所述热量置换装置包括第三节流件，所述第三节流件的入口连接所述热量置换装置的第一出口，所述第三节流件的出口连接所述热量利用单元的入口，所述热量利用单元的出口连接所述热量置换装置的第二出口。
作为优选，所述热量置换装置的第二出口连接至所述压缩机的入口。
作为优选，所述热量置换装置的第二出口连接至所述蒸发器的入口。
作为优选，所述热量置换装置的第二出口连接至所述压缩机的入口，所述热量置换装置的第二出口连接至所述蒸发器的入口。
作为优选，所述热量回收单元包括设有工质流道的第一换热板片，所述热量利用单元包括设有工质流道的第二换热板片，所述热量回收单元的入口和所述热量回收单元的出口通过所述第一换热板片的工质流道连通，所述热量利用单元的入口和所述热量利用单元的出口通过所述第二换热板片的工质流道连通；所述第一换热板片和所述第二换热板片间隔贴地紧密贴合。
作为优选，所述换热系统为制热系统。
作为优选，所述换热系统为制冷系统。
如图3，本发明的技术方案改变了传统卡诺式循环应用系统两大区域、四大部件的构造格局，在所述冷凝区和所述蒸发区之间设置热量置换区，经所述冷凝器流出的工质经过所述热量置换区再进入所述蒸发器。使得整个换热系统具有下述有益效果：
1.所述第二节流件将传统空调热泵制冷/制热系统中蒸发器前端的节流件前移，将原本浪费释放到外部环境中的冷凝热回收利用，用于热量置换装置对工质进行蒸发，提高了系统的能效。
2.所述热量置换装置的热量回收单元提取经所述冷凝器流出工质的热量，避免了工质携带的冷凝余热破坏蒸发器的蒸发场景。
3.所述热量置换装置的热量回收单元提取经冷凝器流出工质的冷凝余热，使得经所述热量置换装置流出至蒸发器端的工质温度大大降低，增加了蒸发器内工质与蒸发器外部环境之间的温度差，增加了系统的吸热能力，提高了系统的效率。
4.所述热量置换装置的热量利用单元利用所述热量回收单元提取的冷凝余热对工质进行加热，使得部分工质蒸发为气态。将这部分气态工质输出至压缩机入口，可以提高压缩机的吸气压力，从而提高压缩机的效率。
5.将所述热量置换装置的热量利用单元蒸发获得的气态工质输出至压缩机入口，还可减小压缩机的压差，延长压缩机的使用寿命。
6.所述热量置换装置的热量利用单元利用所述热量回收单元提取的冷凝余热对工质进行加热，使得部分工质蒸发为气态。将这部分气态工质输出至换热系统中的蒸发器(如，异聚态聚热板)，可以提高蒸发器进入蒸发器的工质中气态工质的占比，使得被动吸热型的蒸发器内工质的分布更均匀，避免在蒸发器内形成液堆，提高蒸发器的蒸发效率。
7.本换热系统结构简单，只需将热量置换装置和第二节流件加入到冷凝器与第一节流件之间就能完成对于传统的空调热泵制冷/制热系统的改造，整个升级过程不涉及原系统部件结构的改变。
附图说明
图1为现有制热/制冷系统的系统图；
图2为现有制热/制冷系统场景图；
图3为本发明的换热系统场景图；
图4实施例一换热系统的系统图；
图5实施例二换热系统的系统图；
图6实施例三换热系统的系统图；
图7实施例四换热系统的系统图；
图8热量置换装置侧视图；
图9热量置换装置结构示意图一；
图10热量置换装置结构示意图二；
图11多级串联热量置换装置示意图；
图12多级并联热量置换装置示意图；
图13多级混联热量置换装置示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明的实施方式进行详细描述。
实施例一
如图4为一种制热系统，包括通过工质流道连接的压缩机、冷凝器、蒸发器、第一节流件、第二节流件、以及热量置换装置。压缩机的出口连接冷凝器的入口，冷凝器的出口连接第二节流件的入口，第三节流件的出口连接热量置换装置的入口，热量置换装置的第一出口连接至第一节流件的入口，第一节流件的出口连接蒸发器的入口，蒸发器的出口连接压缩机的吸气口。工质在工质流道中流动的过程中，吸收蒸发器外部环境的热量，并释放到冷凝器所在的环境中，为需要制热的环境供热，提高房间内的温度，达到制热效果。
热量置换装置包括热量回收单元、热量利用单元、以及第三节流件。热量回收单元连接热量置换装置的入口，热量回收单元的出口连接热量置换装置的第一出口，第三节流件的入口连接连接热量置换装置的第一出口，第三节流件的出口连接热量利用单元的入口，热量利用单元的出口连接热量置换装置的第二出口。热量置换装置的第二出口连接至压缩机的吸气口。热量置换装置的热量回收单元提取经冷凝器流出的工质的热量，使得流出至第一节流件的工质温度大大降低。热量利用单元利用热量回收单元提取的工质冷凝余热蒸发部分工质，使得工质吸热蒸发为气态工质。第二节流件在第一节流件和冷凝器之间建立一个将蒸发区和冷凝区隔离开的热量置换区。工质进行等温变换的冷凝区位于第二节流件之前，在热量置换区内的热量回收单元对工质热量的吸收并且不会影响到冷凝器的冷凝压差，因此可以最大限度的回收工质的冷凝余热，使得进入蒸发器的工质温度大大降低。避免工质携带过多冷凝热进入蒸发器破坏蒸发器的蒸发场景；热量置换区的热量利用装置利用热量回收装置提取的冷凝余热将工质蒸发为气态，提高了系统的能效。
如图8为热量置换装置1的侧视图。热量回收单元包括竖直放置的金属材质的第一换热 板片2，热量利用单元包括竖直放置的金属材质的第二换热板片3。热量回收单元可包括多个第一换热板片2，热量利用单元也可包含多个第二换热板片3。第一换热板片2与第二换热板片的数量相同，并且间隔地重叠在一起。
如图9，第一换热板片2包括设置在顶部的工质入口21、设置在底部的工质出口22、以及设置在工质入口和工质出口之间的工质流道23。该第二换热板片3包括设置在底部的工质入口31、设置在顶部的工质出口32、以及设置在工质入口31和工质出口32之间的工质流道33。第一换热板片2的工质流道23内的工质流向与第二换热板片3的工质流道33内的工质流向相反。第一换热板片2的工质入口连接热量回收单元的入口，第一换热板片2的工质出口连接热量回收单元的出口。第二换热板片3的工质入口连接热量利用单元的入口，第二换热板片3的工质出口32连接热量利用单元的出口。
第三节流件4的入口连接热量回收单元的出口(即第一换热板片的工质出口22)，第三节流件4的出口连接热量利用单元入口(即第二换热板片的工质入口31)。经冷凝器出来的高温高压工质在未完全冷凝之前会以气液两相态的形式进入第三节流件4,第三节流件4可以调节由热量回收单元流向热量利用单元的工质的流量实现对热量回收单元和热量利用单元内的工质密度的调节。通过第三节流件4调节热量回收单元内的工质密度大于热量利用单元内的工质密度，使得第一换热板片2内工质的总焓值大于第二换热板3内的工质的总焓值。金属材质的第一换热板片2和第二换热板片3紧密地重叠在一起，由于两者的总焓值不同，导致他们相互之间进行热传递。在第二换热板片3内的气液混合态工质吸收第一换热板片2内的气液混合态的工质热量，第二换热板片3内的工质吸收热量蒸发为气态，第一换热板片2内的工质释放热量被液化，并且温度进一步降低。
第二节流件的入口连接冷凝器的出口，第二节流件的出口连接热量回收单元的入口。第二节流件相当于将原来换热系统中蒸发器前端的第一节流件前移，有效的将冷凝余热用于热量置换系统，提高系统的有效产热量，避免热量浪费。
冷凝器的出口流出的气液混合态工质，顺着工质流道进入热量置换区。在热量置换装置中，热量回收单元和热量利用单元内工质进行充分的热量置换。最后，经热量置换装置的第一出口流出并进入第一节流件的入口的工质温度比由冷凝器的出口流出的工质温度更低。降低了通过第一节流件进入蒸发器的工质的热量，进入蒸发器的工质温度更低，调节蒸发压力，使得蒸发器的吸热能力更高。
如图4在热量利用单元中吸收热量被蒸发的含有更多气态工质的工质经热量利用单元的出口流出。可将热量置换装置的第二出口连接至压缩机的入口(压缩机也可采用补焓式压缩 机，此时可将热量置换装置的第二出口连接至该补焓压缩机的补气口)，提高了压缩机吸气压力，从而提升了压缩机的压缩比，提高了压缩机的压缩效率，并且延长了压缩机的使用寿命。
实施例二
如图5为一种制热系统，包括通过工质流道连接的压缩机、冷凝器、蒸发器、第一节流件、第二节流件、以及热量置换装置。其中，蒸发器包括普通蒸发器和聚热板(被动式吸热的异聚态吸热板)。压缩机的出口连接冷凝器的入口，冷凝器的出口连接第二节流件的入口，第三节流件的出口连接热量置换装置的入口，热量置换装置的第一出口连接至第一节流件的入口，第一节流件的出口连接蒸发器的入口，蒸发器的出口连接压缩机的吸气口。工质在工质流道中流动的过程中，吸收蒸发器外部环境的热量，并释放到冷凝器所在的环境中，为需要制热的环境供热，提高房间内的温度，达到制热效果。
热量置换装置的结构与实施例一相同，本实施例中不再赘述。同样，冷凝器的出口流出的气液混合态工质，顺着工质流道进入热量置换装置中。热量置换装置的热量回收单元和热量利用单元内工质进行充分的热量交换。最后，热量回收单元的出口流出并进入第一节流件的入口的工质温度比由冷凝器的出口流出的工质温度更低。降低了通过第一节流件进入蒸发器的工质的热量，进入蒸发器的工质温度更低，调节蒸发压力，使得蒸发器的吸热能力更高。
如图5在热量利用单元中吸收热量被蒸发的含有更多气态工质的工质经热量利用单元的出口流出。可将热量置换装置的第二出口连接至压缩机的入口，提高了压缩机吸气压力，从而提升了压缩机的压缩比。
实施例三
如图6为一种制热系统，包括通过工质流道连接的压缩机、冷凝器、蒸发器、第一节流件、第二节流件、以及热量置换装置。其中，蒸发器包括普通蒸发器和聚热板(被动式吸热的异聚态吸热板)。压缩机的出口连接冷凝器的入口，冷凝器的出口连接第二节流件的入口，第三节流件的出口连接热量置换装置的入口，热量置换装置的第一出口连接至第一节流件的入口，第一节流件的出口连接蒸发器的入口，蒸发器的出口连接压缩机的吸气口。工质在工质流道中流动的过程中，吸收蒸发器外部环境的热量，并释放到冷凝器所在的环境中，为需要制热的环境供热，提高房间内的温度，达到制热效果。
热量置换装置的结构与实施例一相同，本实施例中不再赘述。同样，冷凝器的出口流出的气液混合态工质，顺着工质流道进入热量置换装置中。热量置换装置中，热量回收单元和 热量利用单元内工质充分进行热量交换。最后，经热量回收单元流出并进入第一节流件的入口的工质温度比由冷凝器的出口流出的工质温度更低。降低了通过第一节流件进入蒸发器的工质的热量，进入蒸发器的工质温度更低，调节蒸发压力，使得蒸发器的吸热能力更高。
如图6在热量利用单元中吸收热量被蒸发的含有更多气态工质的工质经热量利用单元的出口流出。可将热量置换装置的第二出口连接至第一节流件的入口，通过第一节流件进入聚热板，提高进入聚热板工质中的气态工质的占比，使得被动吸热型的聚热板内的工质分布更加均匀，相当于为聚热板进行了一次初级蒸发，提高系统的制热能力。
实施例四
本实施例中未描述部分与实施例三相同，在此不再赘述。本实施例与实施例的区别在于：
如图7在热量利用单元中吸收热量被蒸发的含有更多气态工质的工质经热量利用单元的出口流出。可将热量置换装置的第二出口分别连接至第一节流件的入口和压缩机的入口。一方面，提高了压缩机吸气压力，从而提升了压缩机的压缩比；另一反面，通过第一节流件进入聚热板，提高进入聚热板工质中的气态工质的占比，使得被动吸热型的聚热板内的工质分布更加均匀，相当于为聚热板进行了一次初级蒸发，提高系统的制热能力。
前述实施例一至实施例五也可以采用如图10的结构：
热量回收单元包括竖直放置的金属材质的第一换热板片2，该第一换热板片2包括设置在顶部的工质入口21、设置在底部的工质出口22、设置在工质入口和工质出口之间的吸热工质流道26、集液管23和气相回流管24。吸热工质流道26为呈S形的弯曲流道，吸热工质流道26入口连接工质入口21，集液管23和吸热工质流道26通过第一回流通道25连通，气相回流管24和吸热工质流道26通过第二回流通道27连通。第一回流通道25为倾斜的直线流道，第一回流通道25与集液管23的连接点的位置高于第一回流通道25与吸热工质流道26的连接点的位置。第二回流通道27为倾斜的直线流道，第二回流通道27与集液管23的连接点的位置低于第二回流通道27与吸热工质流道26的连接点的位置。
气液混态的工质经工质入口21进入吸热工质流道26，在吸热工质流道内大部分工质的热量被吸收转移，变为温度更低的液态工质。液态工质由于重力作用经向下倾斜的第一回流通道25进入集液管23中被收集。仍然为气态的工质在弯曲的吸热工质流道26内流动，经向上倾斜的第二回流通道27进入气相回流管24返回工质入口21处再次进入吸热工质流道26，使得其热量能够被吸收转移而被液化。
热量利用单元包括竖直放置的金属材质的第二换热板片3，该第二换热板片3包括设置 在底部的工质入口31、设置在顶部的工质出口32、以及设置在工质入口31和工质出口32之间的供热工质流道36、集气管33和液相回流管34。供热工质流道36为呈S形的弯曲流道，供热工质流道36入口连接工质入口31，集气管33和供热工质流道36通过第三回流通道37连通，液相回流管34和供热工质流道36通过第四回流通道35连通。第三回流通道37为倾斜的直线流道，第三回流通道37与集气管33的连接点的位置高于第三回流通道37与供热工质流道36的连接点的位置。第四回流通道35为倾斜的直线流道，第四回流通道35与液相回流管34的连接点的位置低于第四回流通道35与供热工质流道36的连接点的位置。
经第二换热板片出来的液态工质经工质入口31进入供热工质流道36。在供热工质流道36内大部分工质吸收热量以后变为气态工质。气态工质由于重力作用经向上倾斜的第三回流通道37进入集气管33中被收集。仍然为液态的工质在弯曲的供热工质流道36内流动，经向下倾斜的第四回流通道35进入液相回流管34返回工质入口21处再次进入供热工质流道36，使得其能够再次吸收热量而变为气态工质。
如图8为热量置换装置1的侧视图。热量回收单元包括竖直放置的金属材质的第一换热板片2，热量利用单元包括竖直放置的金属材质的第二换热板片3。热量回收单元可包括多个第一换热板片2，热量利用单元也可包含多个第二换热板片3。第一换热板片2与第二换热板片的数量相同，并且间隔地重叠在一起。第一换热板片2的工质入口连接热量回收单元的入口，第一换热板片2的工质出口连接热量回收单元的出口。第二换热板片3的工质入口连接热量利用单元的入口，第二换热板片3的工质出口32连接热量利用单元的出口。第三节流件4的入口连接热量回收单元的出口(即第一换热板片的工质出口22)，第三节流件4的出口连接热量利用单元入口(即第二换热板片的工质入口31)。第一换热板片2和第二换热板片3紧密贴合，吸热工质流道26内的工质由上往下流动，供热工质流道36内的工质由下往上流动，两个工质流道内的工质形成对流，促进相互之间的热量交换。
经冷凝器流出的工质为气液混合态，第三节流件4可以通过调节由热量置换装置的出口流向热量利用单元的工质的流量实现对调节热量回收单元和热量利用单元内的工质密度的调节。通过第三节流件4调节热量回收单元内的工质密度大于热量利用单元内的工质密度，使得具有相同结构的第一换热板片2和第二换热板片3，第一换热板片2内工质的总焓值大于第二换热板3内的工质的总焓值。金属材质的第一换热板片2和第二换热板片3紧密地重叠在一起，由于两者的总焓值不同，导致他们相互之间进行热传递。在第二换热板片3内的气液混合态工质吸收第一换热板片2内的气液混合态的工质热量，第二换热板片3内的工质吸 收热量蒸发为气态，第一换热板片2内的工质释放热量被液化，并且温度进一步降低。
上述所有实施例中的热量置换装置也可以采用多个热量回收单元串联的多级串联热量置换装置、或者采用多个热量回收单元并联的多级并联热量置换系统、或者采用多个热量回收单元混联的多级热量混联置换系统。
如图11，多级串联热量置换装置包括两个热量置换子系统(本实施例中，分称为第一热量置换子系统和第二热量置换子系统)。热量置换子系统包括：热量回收单元2、热量利用单元3和第三节流件。第一热量置换子系统的热量回收单元的入口连接至多级串联热量置换装置的入口，第一热量置换子系统的热量回收单元的出口连接至第二热量置换子系统的热量回收单元的入口，第二热量置换子系统的热量回收单元的出口连接至多级串联热量置换装置的第一出口。多级串联热量置换装置的第一出口的工质分三路：一路连接至换热系统的第一节流件入口，另一路回到第二热量置换子系统的第三节流件的入口、最后一路回到第一热量置换子系统的第三节流件的入口，第二热量置换子系统的第三节流件的出口连接至第二热量置换子系统的热量利用单元的入口，第一热量置换子系统的第三节流件的出口连接至第一热量置换子系统的热量利用单元的入口，第一热量置换子系统的热量利用单元的出口和第二热量置换子系统的热量利用单元均连接至多级串联热量置换装置的第二出口。
第二节流件在第一节流件和冷凝器之间建立一个将蒸发区和冷凝区隔离开的多级串联热量置换区。工质进行等温变换的冷凝区位于第二节流件之前，在多级串联热量置换区内的热量回收单元对工质热量的吸收并且不会影响到冷凝器的冷凝压差，因此可以最大限度的回收工质的冷凝余热，使得进入蒸发器的工质温度大大降低。避免工质携带过多冷凝热进入蒸发器破坏蒸发器的蒸发场景；多级串联热量置换区的热量利用装置利用热量回收装置提取的冷凝余热将工质蒸发为气态，提高了系统的能效。两个热量置换子系统的热量回收单元串联于多级热量置换装置的入口和第一出口之间，热量回收单元和热量利用单元之间的热量置换更加彻底，可以对工质冷凝热进行深度的多级回收利用，大大降低进入到蒸发器的工质的温度。
第三节流件4的入口连接热量回收单元的出口(即第一换热板片的工质出口22)，第三节流件4的出口连接热量利用单元入口(即第二换热板片的工质入口31)。经冷凝器出来的高温高压工质在未完全冷凝之前会以气液两相态的形式先后进入第一热量置换子系统的热量回收单元和第二热量置换子系统的热量回收单元。热量置换子系统的第三节流件可以调节该热量置换子系统中由多级串联热量置换装置的第一出口流向热量利用单元的工质的流量，实现对热量回收单元和热量利用单元内的工质密度的调节。热量置换子系统通过第三节流件调 节热量回收单元内的工质密度大于热量利用单元内的工质密度，使得第一换热板片2内工质的总焓值大于第二换热板3内的工质的总焓值。金属材质的第一换热板片2和第二换热板片3紧密地重叠在一起，由于两者的总焓值不同，导致他们相互之间进行热传递。在第二换热板片3内的气液混合态工质吸收第一换热板片2内的气液混合态的工质热量，第二换热板片3内的工质吸收热量蒸发为气态，第一换热板片2内的工质释放热量被液化，并且温度进一步降低。气液两相态的工质经过第一热量置换子系统的热量回收单元，由热量回收单元的出口流出的工质热量被转移，其中大部分工质变为温度更加低的液态工质；进一步地进入第二热量置换子系统的热量回收单元，工质的更多热量被转移，温度进一步降低。部分工质由第二热量置换子系统的热量回收单元的出口流出至多级串联热量置换装置的第一出口，被输送至制热系统的第一节流件。剩余的部分工质被分别送至第一热量置换子系统的热量利用单元和第二热量置换子系统的热量利用单元，吸收热量以后变为气态工质经多级串联热量置换装置的第二出口送至压缩机吸气口。通过两个串联的热量置换系统加大了经多级串联热量置换装置的第一出口流出的工质与经多级串联热量置换装置的入口流入的工质之间的温度差，使得制热系统更加适用于恶劣的极端低温制热环境。第一热量置换子系统的第一换热板片和第二换热板片内工质的总焓值差大于第二热量置换子系统的第一换热板片和第二换热板片内工质的总焓值差，热量置换的程度较高。一方面可以在第一时间快速的对工质进行热量置换；另一方面，通过调整分流至各级热量置换系统的热量利用单元内的工质的量，可以调整经多级串联热量置换装置的第二出口流出工质中气态工质的占比，满足制热系统在不同的使用环境中的不同需求。
如图12，多级并联热量置换装置包括两个热量置换子系统。热量置换子系统包括：热量回收单元2、热量利用单元3和第三节流件。热量置换子系统的热量回收单元的入口连接至热量置换子系统的入口，热量回收单元的出口连接至热量置换子系统的第一出口。热量置换子系统的第一出口流出的工质分两路：一路连接至换热系统的第一节流件入口，另一路回到热量置换子系统的第三节流件的入口，第三节流件的出口连接至热量利用单元的入口，热量利用单元的出口连接至热量置换子系统的第二出口。
第二节流件在第一节流件和冷凝器之间建立一个将蒸发区和冷凝区隔离开的热量置换区。工质进行等温变换的冷凝区位于第二节流件之前，在热量置换区内的热量回收单元对工质热量的吸收并且不会影响到冷凝器的冷凝压差，因此可以最大限度的回收工质的冷凝余热，使得进入蒸发器的工质温度大大降低。避免工质携带过多冷凝热进入蒸发器破坏蒸发器的蒸发场景；热量置换区的热量利用单元利用热量回收装置提取的冷凝余热将工质蒸发为气 态，提高了系统的能效。两个热量置换子系统的热量回收单元并联于多级热量置换装置的入口和第一出口之间，热量回收单元和热量利用单元之间的热量置换更加迅速，可以同时对工质冷凝热进行回收利用，快速降低进入到蒸发器的工质的温度。
第三节流件4的入口连接热量回收单元的出口(即第一换热板片的工质出口22)，第三节流件4的出口连接热量利用单元入口(即第二换热板片的工质入口31)。经冷凝器出来的高温高压工质在未完全冷凝之前会以气液两相态的形式同时进入两个热量置换子系统的热量回收单元。热量置换系统的第三节流件可以调节该热量置换子系统中由多级并联热量置换装置的第一出口流向热量利用单元的工质的流量，实现对热量回收单元和热量利用单元内的工质密度的调节。通过第三节流件调节热量回收单元内的工质密度大于热量利用单元内的工质密度，使得第一换热板片2内工质的总焓值大于第二换热板3内的工质的总焓值。金属材质的第一换热板片2和第二换热板片3紧密地重叠在一起，由于两者的总焓值不同，导致他们相互之间进行热传递。在第二换热板片3内的气液混合态工质吸收第一换热板片2内的气液混合态的工质热量，第二换热板片3内的工质吸收热量蒸发为气态，第一换热板片2内的工质释放热量被液化，并且温度进一步降低。气液两相态的工质经过热量置换子系统的热量回收单元，由热量回收单元的出口流出的工质热量被转移，其中大部分工质变为温度更加低的液态工质流出至低热量隔离出口，被输送至制热系统的第一节流件。剩余的部分工质被送回至热量置换系统的热量利用单元，吸收热量以后变为气态工质经高热量隔离出口送至压缩机吸气口。通过两级并联的热量置换系统实现在短时间内对大量工质的热量交换，提高了多级并联隔离区对工质的热量交换效率，使得制热系统更加适用于需要快速制冷/制热的场合。两级热量置换子系统的热量回收单元和热量利用单元交替地紧密重叠在外壳中，可以增加热交换的面积，提高热量置换系统的热量交换能力。可以通过调整分流至各级热量置换子系统的热量利用单元内的工质的量，分别控制两个热量置换子系统的工作状态。甚至可以选组单独使用其中一个热量置换子系统或者同时开启两个热量置换子系统进行工作，以满足系统在不同的制热/制冷速度需求。即使其中一个热量置换子系统发生故障，也可以保证另一个热量置换子系统不会受其影响独立工作，从而提高整个制热系统的稳定性。
如图13，多级混联热量置换装置包括第一热量置换子系统、第二热量置换子系统、以及第三热量置换子系统。第一热量置换子系统与第二热量置换子系统并联以后再与第三热量置换子系统串联构成整个多级混联热量置换装置。热量置换子系统包括：热量回收单元2、热量利用单元3和第三节流件。第一热量置换子系统和第二热量置换子系统的热量回收单元的入口连接至多级混联热量置换装置的入口，第一热量置换子系统和第二热量置换子系统的 热量回收单元的出口连接至第三热量置换子系统的热量回收单元的入口。第三热量置换子系统的热量回收单元的出口连接至多级混联热量置换装置的第一出口。多级混联热量置换装置的第一出口的工质分四路：一路连接至换热系统的第一节流件入口，剩余三路分别回到第一热量置换子系统、第二热量置换子系统、以及第三热量置换子系统的第三节流件的入口。第一热量置换子系统的第三节流件的出口连接至第三热量置换子系统的热量利用单元的入口，第二热量置换子系统的第三节流件的出口连接至第二热量置换子系统的热量利用单元的入口，第三热量置换子系统的第三节流件的出口连接第三热量置换子系统的第三节流件的入口。第一热量置换子系统、第二热量置换子系统、以及第三热量置换子系统的热量利用单元均连接至多级混联热量置换装置的第二出口。
第二节流件在第一节流件和冷凝器之间建立一个将蒸发区和冷凝区隔离开的多级混联热量置换区。工质进行等温变换的冷凝区位于第二节流件之前，在多级混联热量置换区内的热量回收单元对工质热量的吸收并且不会影响到冷凝器的冷凝压差，因此可以最大限度的回收工质的冷凝余热，使得进入蒸发器的工质温度大大降低。避免工质携带过多冷凝热进入蒸发器破坏蒸发器的蒸发场景；多级混联热量置换区的热量利用装置利用热量回收装置提取的冷凝余热将工质蒸发为气态，提高了系统的能效。三个热量置换子系统的热量回收单元混联于多级混联热量置换装置的入口和第一出口之间，热量回收单元和热量利用单元之间的热量置换更加迅速和彻底，可以快速对工质冷凝热进行深度的多级回收利用，在短时间内大大降低进入到蒸发器的工质的温度。
第三节流件4的入口连接热量回收单元的出口(即第一换热板片的工质出口22)，第三节流件4的出口连接热量利用单元入口(即第二换热板片的工质入口31)。经冷凝器出来的高温高压工质在未完全冷凝之前会以气液两相态的形式同时进入第一热量置换子系统的热量回收单元和第二热量置换子系统的热量回收单元，随后再进入第三热量置换子系统的热量回收单元。第三节流件可以调节由多级混联热量置换装置的第一出口流向其热量置换子系统的热量利用单元的工质的流量实现对热量置换子系统内热量回收单元和热量利用单元内的工质密度的调节。通过第三节流件调节热量回收单元内的工质密度大于热量利用单元内的工质密度，使得第一换热板片2内工质的总焓值大于第二换热板3内的工质的总焓值。金属材质的第一换热板片2和第二换热板片3紧密地重叠在一起，由于两者的总焓值不同，导致他们相互之间进行热传递。在第二换热板片3内的气液混合态工质吸收第一换热板片2内的气液混合态的工质热量，第二换热板片3内的工质吸收热量蒸发为气态，第一换热板片2内的工质释放热量被液化，并且温度进一步降低。气液两相态的工质经过第一热量置换子系统和第二 热量置换子系统的热量回收单元，由热量回收单元的出口流出的工质热量被转移，其中大部分工质变为温度更加低的液态工质；进一步地进入第三热量置换子系统的热量回收单元，工质的更多热量被转移，温度进一步降低。部分多级混联热量置换装置的第一出口流出的工质被输送至制热系统的第一节流件；剩余的部分工质被分别送至第一热量置换子系统、第二热量置换子系统、以及第三热量置换子系统的热量利用单元，吸收热量以后变为气态工质经多级混联热量置换装置的第二出口送至压缩机吸气口。
首先通过两级并联的热量置换子系统实现在短时间内对大量工质的热量交换，提高了多级混联隔离区对工质的热量交换效率，使得制热系统更加适用于恶劣的极端低温制热环境内的快速制热需求。并联后的两个热量置换子系统与第三热量置换系统的串联，提高了经多级混联热量置换装置的第一出口流出的工质与经多级混联热量置换装置的入口流入的工质之间的温度差，使得制热系统更加适用于恶劣的极端低温制热环境。第三热量置换子系统中第一换热板片和第二换热板片内工质的总焓值差大于第一热量置换系统和第二热量置换系统中第一换热板片和第二换热板片内工质的总焓值差，热量置换的程度较高。一方面可以在第一时间快速的对工质进行热量置换；另一方面，通过调整分流至各热量置换子系统的热量利用单元内的工质的量，可以调整经高热量隔离出口流出工质中气态工质的占比，满足制热系统在不同的使用环境中的不同需求。对于并联的两个热量置换子系统，甚至可以选择仅单独使用其中一个热量置换子系统或者同时开启两个热量置换子系统进行工作，以满足制热系统在不同的使用环境中的不同需求。即使其中一个热量置换子系统发生故障，也可以保证另一个热量置换子系统不会受其影响独立工作，从而提高整个制热系统的稳定性。
上述所有实施例中的换热系统也可以用于制冷，用于制冷时将蒸发器放置在需要制热的房间等密闭环境之中，将冷凝器放置在该密闭环境之外。蒸发器所在的密闭环境形成蒸发区，冷凝器所在的环境形成冷凝区。工质在工质流道中流动的过程中，将蒸发区的环境热量吸收，并释放到冷凝区中，为密闭的制冷环境吸热，降低房间内的温度，达到制冷效果。
本发明的技术方案改变了传统卡诺式循环应用系统两大区域、四大部件的构造格局，通过第二节流件和热量置换装置在所述冷凝区和所述蒸发区之间设置热量置换区。节流件的前移可以将冷凝余热用于热量置换，避免冷凝余热的浪费，提高系统的有效产热量。在热量置换装置内部将工质分为两部分，提取在传统卡诺式循环应用系统无法再利用的低品质的冷凝余热，使得经热量回收单元的出口离开热量置换装置进入蒸发器的工质温度比由冷凝器出口直接进入蒸发器的工质温度更低。保证了整个制冷/制热系统中冷凝、蒸发场景的完整，减少工质由冷凝区进入蒸发区过程中的冷凝热量和蒸发热量的损失。通过对热量置换装置的合 理优化，为卡诺循环机的效率无限趋近于理想效率拓开了一个方向。从而突破了制冷/制热系统的技术瓶颈，大大提高了制冷/制热系统的能效比。经国家建筑工程质量监督检验中心检验，本发明的换热系统的制热量与制热消耗功率的比值可以达到6.61甚至更高。
虽然结合附图描述了本发明的实施方式，但是本领域普通技术人员可以在所附权利要求的范围内做出各种变形或修改。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种换热系统，包括通过工质流道连接的蒸发器、压缩机、冷凝器、以及第一节流件；所述蒸发器的出口连接所述压缩机的入口，所述压缩机的出口连接所述冷凝器的入口，所述冷凝器的出口连接所述第一节流件的入口，所述第一节流件的出口连接所述蒸发器的入口；其特征在于：所述冷凝器出口和所述第一节流件入口之间设有热量置换区。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种换热系统，其特征在于：所述热量置换区包括第二节流件、以及热量置换装置；所述第二节流件的入口连接所述冷凝器的出口，所述第二节流件的出口连接所述热量置换装置的入口，所述热量置换装置的第一出口连接所述隔第一节流件的入口。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种换热系统，其特征在于：所述热量置换装置包括热量回收单元、热量利用单元，所述热量回收单元的入口连接所述热量置换装置的入口，所述热量回收单元的出口连接所述热量置换装置的第一出口。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种换热系统，其特征在于：所述热量置换装置包括第三节流件，所述第三节流件的入口连接所述热量置换装置的第一出口，所述第三节流件的出口连接所述热量利用单元的入口，所述热量利用单元的出口连接所述热量置换装置的第二出口。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种换热系统，其特征在于：所述热量置换装置的第二出口连接至所述压缩机的入口。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的一种换热系统，其特征在于：所述热量置换装置的第二出口连接至所述蒸发器的入口。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的一种换热系统，其特征在于：所述热量置换装置的第二出口连接至所述压缩机的入口，所述热量置换装置的第二出口连接至所述蒸发器的入口。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的一种换热系统，其特征在于：所述热量回收单元包括设有工质流道的第一换热板片，所述热量利用单元包括设有工质流道的第二换热板片，所述热量回收单元的入口和所述热量回收单元的出口通过所述第一换热板片的工质流道连通，所述热量利用单元的入口和所述热量利用单元的出口通过所述第二换热板片的工质流道连通；所述第一换热板片和所述第二换热板片间隔贴地紧密贴合。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种换热系统，其特征在于：所述换热系统为制热系统。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种换热系统，其特征在于：所述换热系统为制冷系统。
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