WO2017206020A1 - 基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统及光伏发电装置 - Google Patents

基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统及光伏发电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017206020A1
WO2017206020A1 PCT/CN2016/083900 CN2016083900W WO2017206020A1 WO 2017206020 A1 WO2017206020 A1 WO 2017206020A1 CN 2016083900 W CN2016083900 W CN 2016083900W WO 2017206020 A1 WO2017206020 A1 WO 2017206020A1
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Prior art keywords
photovoltaic
port
diode
power switch
switch tube
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PCT/CN2016/083900
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡炎申
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胡炎申
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Priority to PCT/CN2016/083900 priority Critical patent/WO2017206020A1/zh
Priority to CN201680002647.5A priority patent/CN107223308A/zh
Publication of WO2017206020A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017206020A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
    • G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • H02S40/32—Electrical components comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a photovoltaic power generation system and a photovoltaic power generation device based on a photovoltaic equalizer.
  • the photovoltaic module converts the solar light energy into intermittent and changing direct current, increases the voltage and increases the current through the series and parallel connection of the photovoltaic modules, and realizes the electrical connection function through the combiner box and the power distribution cabinet, and the photovoltaic inverse
  • the transformer converts this randomly varying direct current into alternating current with the same frequency and phase as the utility grid
  • the photovoltaic inverter has MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) function, which can automatically find the photovoltaic group through internal software algorithms.
  • MPPT Maximum Power Point Tracking
  • Typical large-scale desert ground and large-roof solar photovoltaic power plants generally use a photovoltaic power generation system composed of centralized inverters.
  • the photovoltaic power generation system consisting of the above-mentioned centralized inverters mainly consists of solar photovoltaic modules and combiner boxes.
  • the combination of AC and DC power distribution cabinets, photovoltaic inverters and step-up transformers can easily realize 10kV/35kV medium voltage grid connection.
  • a plurality of photovoltaic modules are connected in series to form a photovoltaic string, and then a plurality of photovoltaic groups are connected in series to form a photovoltaic array, thereby obtaining a higher DC voltage and DC power, and then sharing a centralized inverter to realize grid-connected power generation.
  • a system architecture has obvious disadvantages. If the current of one of the plurality of series connected photovoltaic modules is reduced, the total current of the entire series of photovoltaic strings is directly reduced. This phenomenon is called a wooden barrel. Effect, the barrel effect will cause the output power of the entire PV string to decrease.
  • the photovoltaic modules are connected in series to form a photovoltaic string, and each photovoltaic string is boosted by a separate DC/DC converter inside the string inverter, and then the string reversed
  • This system architecture has multiple MPPT functions, and partially improves the mismatch defects in the series and parallel connection of the single-channel MPPT in the centralized system.
  • FIG. 1 In order to eliminate the barrel effect of the centralized and string system, the concept of the power optimizer has been proposed in recent years, thus forming a photovoltaic power generation system including a power optimizer, as shown in FIG.
  • This system mainly adds a power optimizer component to the centralized and string-type photovoltaic power generation system, which brings the direct benefit of eliminating the barrel effect of the centralized and string system. Since each power module is equipped with a power optimizer on the back side, it is not necessary to directly connect the photovoltaic modules in series to form a photovoltaic string, but the output of the power optimizer is connected in series or in parallel, so that component level or distributed can be realized. MPPT function.
  • the power optimizer will increase the current system price by 6 to 7.5%; at the same time, its working efficiency is about 95 to 98%. Since the power optimizer keeps running during the photovoltaic system power generation, the system will increase the power loss by 2 to 5%.
  • micro-inverter photovoltaic power generation system proposed in recent years can also eliminate the barrel effect of centralized and string system, as shown in Figure 4.
  • This system is completely different from the centralized, string-type, and photovoltaic power generation system with power optimizer. It is not necessary to directly connect the PV modules in series to form a PV string, and a separate micro-inverter is installed on the back of each PV module. Therefore, component-level, or distributed MPPT functions can be implemented with the direct benefit of eliminating the barrel effect of centralized, string-based systems due to the series connection of components.
  • the DC voltage of the PV module is generally 30 ⁇ 36V, and the AC voltage of the grid is 110 ⁇ 220V. Therefore, the inside of the micro inverter is usually a two-stage structure.
  • the first stage realizes the DC boost function and the second stage completes the DC/AC AC inverter.
  • the problem caused by the two-stage structure is very obvious: on the one hand, the working efficiency of the micro-inverter is generally 95 to 96%, which results in an additional 4 to 5% power consumption of the photovoltaic power generation system; on the other hand, the internal components are numerous and the control is complicated.
  • the price is much higher than the integrated, string system structure, and higher than the system price of the power optimizer.
  • embodiments of the present invention provide a photovoltaic equalizer based Photovoltaic power generation system and photovoltaic power generation equipment, by reconfiguring the system architecture of photovoltaic power generation technology, to eliminate the problem of barrel effect that is easy to appear in the series structure of photovoltaic modules, and to improve the power generation and work efficiency of photovoltaic power generation system, while reducing system cost .
  • a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention discloses a photovoltaic power generation system based on a photovoltaic equalizer, including at least one photovoltaic power generation subsystem;
  • the photovoltaic power generation subsystem includes: a photovoltaic inverter, and at least one photovoltaic string electrically connected to the photovoltaic inverter;
  • the photovoltaic string includes N photovoltaic components and M photovoltaic equalizers, the N is an integer greater than or equal to 3, and the M is less than N positive integer; the N photovoltaic components are connected in series, adjacent At least one photovoltaic component forms a subset of photovoltaic components, the N photovoltaic components form M+1 subsets, and the adjacent two photovoltaic component subsets form a photovoltaic component assembly, each photovoltaic equalizer and one photovoltaic component A collection of parallel connections; an adjacent set of photovoltaic components includes an identical subset of photovoltaic components, the sum of the powers of the photovoltaic components in each subset of photovoltaic components being the same; the photovoltaic equalizer is used to implement the output of the N photovoltaic components Power balance control;
  • the DC voltages output by the N photovoltaic modules are stacked in series to form a total output DC voltage, and the total output DC voltage is connected to the PV inverter and converted into a sinusoidal AC voltage by the PV inverter. Grid or output to AC load.
  • the PV equalizer comprises a first power switch tube, a second power switch tube, a first diode and a second diode, and the inductor Time
  • a first port formed by the first power switch tube and the first diode connected in parallel is connected to a first port of the first photovoltaic component
  • the first power switch tube and the first diode a second port formed by the parallel connection is connected to the first port formed by the first port of the inductor, the second power switch tube and the second diode connected in parallel
  • the second port of the inductor is a second port of the first photovoltaic component, a first port of the second photovoltaic component, a second port formed by the second power switch and the second diode being connected in parallel
  • the second photovoltaic component The second port is connected.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer comprises a first power switch tube, a second power switch tube, a third power switch tube, a fourth power switch tube, and a first a diode, a second diode, a third diode, a fourth diode, and a first capacitor,
  • a first port formed by the first power switch tube and the first diode connected in parallel is connected to a first port of the first photovoltaic component
  • the first power switch tube and the first diode a second port formed by the parallel connection is connected to the first port formed by the second power switch tube and the second diode connected in parallel
  • the first port of the first capacitor is connected
  • the third power switch tube and the third diode a first port connection of the second photovoltaic component
  • a second port formed by the third power switch tube and the third diode being connected in parallel is connected in parallel with the fourth power switch tube and the fourth diode Connecting the formed first port, the second port of the first capacitor is connected, the fourth port formed by the fourth power switch tube and the fourth diode being connected in parallel, and the second port of the second photovoltaic component Port connection.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer comprises a first power switch tube, a second power switch tube, a third power switch tube, a fourth power switch tube, and a first a diode, a second diode, a third diode, a fourth diode, an inductor, a first capacitor,
  • a first port formed by the first power switch tube and the first diode connected in parallel is connected to a first port of the first photovoltaic component
  • the first power switch tube and the first diode a second port formed by the parallel connection is connected to the first port formed by the second power switch tube and the second diode connected in parallel
  • the first port of the first capacitor is connected, the second power switch tube and a first port formed by connecting the second port formed in parallel with the second port of the first photovoltaic component, the third power switch tube and the third diode a first port connection of the second photovoltaic component
  • a second port of the first capacitor is coupled to the first port of the inductor, a second port of the inductor and the third power switch transistor and the third a second port formed by parallel connection of diodes, a first port formed by connecting the fourth power switch tube and the fourth diode in parallel, the fourth power switch tube and the fourth diode a second port formed in parallel connection with the second light Connecting the second port assembly.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer comprises a first power switch tube, a second power switch tube, a third power switch tube, a fourth power switch tube, and a first a diode, a second diode, a third diode, a fourth diode,
  • a first port formed by the first power switch tube and the first diode being connected in parallel with the An output port of the photovoltaic inverter is connected, the first port formed by the first power switch tube and the first diode being connected in parallel with the first port of the first inductor, the second power switch tube, and the a second port formed by connecting the second diodes in parallel, the second port of the first inductor being connected to the second port of the first photovoltaic component, the first port of the second photovoltaic component, the first a second port formed by connecting the second power switch tube and the second diode in parallel is connected to an input port of the photovoltaic inverter; and the third power switch tube and the third diode are connected in parallel a first port is connected to an output port of the photovoltaic inverter, a third port formed by the third power switch tube and the third diode is connected in parallel, and a first port, the fourth port of the second inductor a first port formed by connecting the power switch tube and the fourth di
  • the photovoltaic equalizer comprises a first power switch tube, a second power switch tube, a third power switch tube, a fourth power switch tube, and a first a diode, a second diode, a third diode, a fourth diode, a first isolation transformer, and a second isolation transformer,
  • a first port of the first isolation transformer is connected to a first port of the first photovoltaic component, and a second port of the first isolation transformer is connected in parallel with the first power switch tube and the first diode a first port connection formed by the connection, a second port formed by the first power switch tube and the first diode connected in parallel is connected to the second port of the first photovoltaic component, the first isolation transformer a third port is connected to an output port of the photovoltaic inverter, and a fourth port of the first isolation transformer is connected to a first port formed by connecting the second power switch tube and the second diode in parallel, a second port formed by the second power switch tube and the second diode being connected in parallel is connected to an input port of the photovoltaic inverter;
  • a first port of the second isolation transformer is connected to a first port of the second photovoltaic component, a second port of the first photovoltaic component, a second port of the second isolation transformer, and the third power a first port formed by connecting the switch tube and the third diode in parallel, wherein the third power switch tube and the third diode are connected in parallel to form a second port and the second photovoltaic component a two-port connection, a third port of the second isolation transformer is connected to an output port of the photovoltaic inverter, a fourth port of the second isolation transformer is opposite to the fourth power switch tube and the fourth Parallel connection A first port connection formed by the connection is formed, and the second port formed by the fourth power switch tube and the fourth diode connected in parallel is connected to the input port of the photovoltaic inverter.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer comprises a first power switch tube, a second power switch tube, a third power switch tube, a fourth power switch tube, and a first a diode, a second diode, a third diode, a fourth diode, a first isolation transformer, and a second isolation transformer,
  • a first port of the first isolation transformer is connected to a first port of the first photovoltaic component, and a second port of the first isolation transformer is connected in parallel with the first power switch tube and the first diode a first port connection formed by the connection, a second port formed by the first power switch tube and the first diode connected in parallel is connected to the second port of the first photovoltaic component, the first isolation transformer a third port is connected to the third port of the second isolation transformer, and a fourth port of the first isolation transformer is connected to the first port formed by the second power switch tube and the second diode connected in parallel ;
  • a first port of the second isolation transformer is connected to a first port of the second photovoltaic component, a second port of the first photovoltaic component, a second port of the second isolation transformer, and the third power a first port formed by connecting the switch tube and the third diode in parallel, wherein the third power switch tube and the third diode are connected in parallel to form a second port and the second photovoltaic component a second port connection, a fourth port of the second isolation transformer is connected to a first port formed by the fourth power switch tube and the fourth diode being connected in parallel, the second power switch tube and the first A second port formed by the parallel connection of the two diodes is connected to the second port formed by the fourth power switch tube and the fourth diode connected in parallel with the input port of the photovoltaic inverter.
  • the PV equalizer comprises a first power switch tube, a second power switch tube, a first diode, a second diode, and a first
  • an isolation transformer and a second isolation transformer are used
  • a first port of the first isolation transformer is connected to a first port of the first photovoltaic component, and a second port of the first isolation transformer is connected in parallel with the first power switch tube and the first diode a first port connection formed by the connection, a second port formed by the first power switch tube and the first diode being connected in parallel is connected to the second port of the first photovoltaic component;
  • a first port of the second isolation transformer is connected to a first port of the second photovoltaic component, a second port of the first photovoltaic component, a second port of the second isolation transformer, and the second power a first port formed by connecting the switch tube and the second diode in parallel, wherein the second power switch tube and the second diode are connected in parallel to form a second port and the second photovoltaic component a two-port connection, a third port of the first isolation transformer is connected to a third port of the second isolation transformer, and a fourth port of the first isolation transformer is connected to a fourth port of the second isolation transformer.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer includes a communication monitoring control module for monitoring an operating state of the N photovoltaic components in parallel with the photovoltaic equalizer and realizing communication between the N photovoltaic components and a power grid or an AC load.
  • the photovoltaic component assembly further includes a second capacitor and a third capacitor, configured to implement filtering of a DC voltage and a current output by the first photovoltaic component and the second photovoltaic component, wherein the second A capacitor is connected in parallel with the first photovoltaic component, and the third capacitor is connected in parallel with the second photovoltaic component.
  • a second aspect of the present invention discloses a photovoltaic power generation device, which is characterized by comprising a photovoltaic equalizer-based photovoltaic power generation system disclosed in the first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the photovoltaic power generation device is a photovoltaic grid-connected power generation device, a photovoltaic off-grid power generation device, or a photovoltaic energy storage power generation device.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer-based photovoltaic power generation system realizes the output power equalization control of the N photovoltaic components by setting a photovoltaic equalizer in parallel with at least two adjacent photovoltaic components, thereby eliminating photovoltaic
  • the barrel effect caused by the series connection of components increases the power generation of photovoltaic power generation systems.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a photovoltaic power generation system constituting a centralized inverter in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a distributed photovoltaic power generation system formed by a string inverter in the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a photovoltaic power generation system including a power optimizer in the prior art
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a micro-inverter constituting a photovoltaic power generation system in the prior art
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of a photovoltaic power generation system based on a photovoltaic equalizer according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a topological structure of a photovoltaic equalizer of a photovoltaic power generation system based on a photovoltaic equalizer according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of wiring of a photovoltaic power generation system based on a photovoltaic equalizer according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7-1 is a schematic diagram of a PWM software control strategy for a bidirectional Buck-Boost converter connected to a neighboring node photovoltaic equalizer according to a third embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of wiring of a photovoltaic power generation system based on a photovoltaic equalizer according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of wiring of a photovoltaic power generation system based on a photovoltaic equalizer according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of wiring of a photovoltaic power generation system based on a photovoltaic equalizer according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of wiring of a photovoltaic power generation system based on a photovoltaic equalizer according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of wiring of a photovoltaic power generation system based on a photovoltaic equalizer according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of wiring of a photovoltaic power generation system based on a photovoltaic equalizer according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
  • references to "an embodiment” herein mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments can be included in at least one embodiment of the invention.
  • the appearances of the phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiments, and are not exclusive or alternative embodiments that are mutually exclusive. Those skilled in the art will understand and implicitly understand that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of a photovoltaic equalizer-based photovoltaic power generation system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • a photovoltaic equalizer-based photovoltaic power generation according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.
  • the system 100 includes at least one photovoltaic power generation subsystem 110; wherein the photovoltaic power generation subsystem includes: a photovoltaic inverter 111, and at least one photovoltaic string 112 electrically connected to the photovoltaic inverter;
  • the photovoltaic string includes N photovoltaic components and M photovoltaic equalizers, the N is an integer greater than or equal to 3, and the M is less than N positive integer; the N photovoltaic components are connected in series, adjacent At least one photovoltaic component forms a subset of photovoltaic components, the N photovoltaic components form M+1 subsets, and the adjacent two photovoltaic component subsets form a photovoltaic component assembly, each photovoltaic equalizer and one photovoltaic component A collection of parallel connections; an adjacent set of photovoltaic components includes an identical subset of photovoltaic components, the sum of the powers of the photovoltaic components in each subset of photovoltaic components being the same; the photovoltaic equalizer is used to implement the output of the N photovoltaic components Power balance control;
  • the DC voltages output by the N photovoltaic modules are stacked in series to form a total output DC voltage, and the total output DC voltage is input to the PV inverter, and is converted into a sine wave AC voltage by the PV inverter. Grid or output to AC load.
  • a photovoltaic equalizer may be installed corresponding to every two photovoltaic modules, or a photovoltaic equalizer may be installed correspondingly after three or more photovoltaic modules are connected in series. When three or more photovoltaic modules are connected in series, a photovoltaic equalization is installed.
  • three or more photovoltaic modules can be connected in series to be equivalent to two photovoltaic modules connected in series, so that the power of the two photovoltaic modules is the same, for example, there are photovoltaic modules PV1, PV2, PV3, PV4, when When the sum of the power of PV1 and PV2 is the same as the power of PV3 and the power of PV4, then a PV equalizer, PV3, PV4 can be connected in series after PV1, PV2, and PV3 are connected in series, and a PV equalizer is connected in parallel.
  • PV2 forms a subset of PV modules.
  • PV3 forms a subset of PV modules separately.
  • PV4 forms a subset of PV modules separately.
  • PV1, PV2 and PV3 form a PV module and a PV equalizer is connected.
  • PV3 and PV4 form a PV.
  • a photovoltaic equalizer is connected, and the two PV module sets include the same PV group price subset PV3, and the power of each sub-set must be the same.
  • the photovoltaic cell inside the photovoltaic module can also use a photovoltaic equalizer.
  • a plurality of photovoltaic modules are connected in series to form a photovoltaic string, and a photovoltaic equalizer is connected in parallel with the photovoltaic module, and the photovoltaic equalizer can be integrated or externally disposed inside or outside the photovoltaic junction box without changing the photovoltaic power generation system architecture. And achieve automatic power balance control.
  • the power conversion circuit inside the photovoltaic equalizer only processes part of the output power of the photovoltaic component, and the topology may be a bidirectional Buck-Boost converter connecting adjacent nodes, a switched capacitor converter connecting adjacent nodes, and a resonant switched capacitor converter connecting adjacent nodes. It can also be a bidirectional Buck-Boost converter connected to a DC bus, a bidirectional isolated DC/DC converter connected to a DC bus, or a bidirectional isolated DC/DC converter connected to a DC balanced bus and a bidirectional isolated power converter. Exchange balanced bus and other different forms.
  • the PV equalizer has control functions. Depending on the actual application needs, it can include component-level MPPT tracking technology, or it can implement power balancing without integrating MPPT.
  • the PV equalizer can also contain communication monitoring functions to collect the voltage, current, power, temperature and other power information of the respective PV modules, and complete the required external communication, working status reporting and monitoring, control command uploading and dispatching, and status acquisition. And the processing and the like, the communication method used can be either a wired connection or a wireless connection, thereby realizing intelligent monitoring of the photovoltaic components.
  • a plurality of photovoltaic strings are connected to the photovoltaic inverter, and the direct current of the photovoltaic string is converted into a sinusoidal alternating current output, and the output of the plurality of photovoltaic inverters enters the alternating current power distribution cabinet and is connected to the alternating current grid to realize grid-connected power generation.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer-based photovoltaic power generation system realizes the output power equalization control of at least three photovoltaic components by setting a photovoltaic equalizer in parallel with at least two adjacent photovoltaic components, thereby eliminating the photovoltaic module series connection.
  • the resulting barrel effect increases the amount of electricity generated by the photovoltaic system.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a topological structure of a photovoltaic equalizer based on a photovoltaic equalizer according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the photovoltaic power generation system in the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG.
  • a photovoltaic power generation system containing n photovoltaic modules, as long as (n-1) photovoltaic equalizers are used.
  • the photovoltaic modules PV1 and PV2 correspond to the photovoltaic equalizer 1
  • the PV2 and the PV3 correspond to the photovoltaic equalizer 2
  • the PV3 and PV4 correspond to the photovoltaic equalizer 3
  • the PV(n-1) and PVn correspond to the photovoltaic equalizer (n-1).
  • each PV equalizer implements automatic power balance control.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer and the photovoltaic component are connected in parallel, and the plurality of photovoltaic components are connected in series to form a photovoltaic string, and the plurality of photovoltaic strings are connected to a DC input of the multi-channel DC input photovoltaic inverter, thereby The DC power is converted into a sine wave AC output and connected to the AC grid to realize grid-connected power generation.
  • two independent photovoltaic equalizers may be installed corresponding to each of the two photovoltaic modules, or two, three, or multiple photovoltaic modules may be connected in series to be connected in series.
  • Independent photovoltaic equalizers but the number of components corresponding to each PV equalizer must be the same, so that the optimal cost performance of the system can be flexibly realized.
  • the internal power topology of the PV equalizer can be operated in an interleaved parallel manner, or it can be operated in an interleaved parallel mode while using a coupled inductor structure. Since the interior of the photovoltaic module is composed of a plurality of battery strings connected in series, the internal substring can also adopt the above equalizer technology.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer-based photovoltaic power generation system realizes the output power equalization control of at least three photovoltaic components by setting a photovoltaic equalizer in parallel with at least two adjacent photovoltaic components, thereby eliminating the photovoltaic module series connection.
  • the resulting barrel effect increases the amount of electricity generated by the photovoltaic system.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of wiring of a photovoltaic power generation system based on a photovoltaic equalizer according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer comprises a first power switch tube S1, a second power switch tube S2, a first diode D1 and a second diode D2, when the inductor L1,
  • a first port formed by the first power switch S1 and the first diode D1 connected in parallel is connected to a first port of the first photovoltaic component PV1
  • the first power switch S1 and the first a second port formed by a diode D1 connected in parallel is connected to a first port formed by the first port of the inductor, the second power switch tube S2 and the second diode D2 connected in parallel
  • the inductor a second port and a second port of the first photovoltaic component PV1
  • the second photovoltaic component PV2 A port is connected
  • the second port formed by the parallel connection of the second power switch S2 and the second diode D2 is connected to the second port of the second photovoltaic component PV2.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer includes a communication monitoring control module, configured to monitor an operating state of the N photovoltaic components in parallel with the photovoltaic equalizer and to implement communication between the N photovoltaic components and a power grid or an AC load.
  • a communication monitoring control module configured to monitor an operating state of the N photovoltaic components in parallel with the photovoltaic equalizer and to implement communication between the N photovoltaic components and a power grid or an AC load.
  • the set of photovoltaic components further includes a second capacitor Ci1 and a third capacitor Ci2 for implementing filtering of DC voltage and current output by the first photovoltaic component PV1 and the second photovoltaic component PV2.
  • the second capacitor Ci1 is connected in parallel with the first photovoltaic component PV1
  • the third capacitor Ci2 is connected in parallel with the second photovoltaic component PV2.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer in the embodiment of the present invention is a photovoltaic equalizer in which a bidirectional Buck-Boost converter is connected to adjacent nodes, and the photovoltaic power generation system in the embodiment of the present invention uses five photovoltaic modules PV1, PV2, PV3, and PV4. , PV5, thus four photovoltaic equalizers can be used, and the photovoltaic equalizer is connected to the nodes of adjacent photovoltaic modules.
  • the power conversion circuit inside the photovoltaic equalizer adopts a bidirectional Buck-Boost converter, and the PV modules PV1 and PV2 are respectively filtered by the capacitors Ci1 and Ci2, corresponding to a bidirectional Buck-Boost converter, and the power switch tubes S1, S2 and the body diode D1.
  • the power switch tubes S1, S2 and their body diodes D1, D2 can achieve bidirectional flow of equalized power, and this converter only processes part of the power of the PV1, PV2 output; PV2, PV3 respectively pass
  • the capacitors Ci2 and Ci3 are filtered to correspond to a bidirectional Buck-Boost converter, which is composed of power switch tubes S3 and S4, body diodes D3 and D4, and energy storage inductor L2.
  • Power switch tubes S3 and S4 and their body diodes D3 and D4 The bidirectional flow of equalized power can be realized, and this converter only processes part of the power of the PV2 and PV3 outputs; PV3 and PV4 are respectively filtered by the capacitors Ci3 and Ci4, corresponding to a bidirectional Buck-Boost converter, and the power switch tubes S5, S6, Body diode D5, D6, and energy storage inductor L3, power switch tube S5, S6 and its body diodes D5, D6 can achieve bidirectional flow of equalized power, and this converter is only Part of the power output of PV3 and PV4; PV4 and PV5 are filtered by capacitors Ci4 and Ci5 respectively, corresponding to a bidirectional Buck-Boost converter, which is composed of power switch tubes S7 and S8, body diodes D7 and D8, and energy storage inductor L4.
  • the power switch tubes S7 and S8 and their body diodes D7 and D8 can realize bidirectional flow of equalized power, and this converter only processes part of the power of the PV4 and PV5 outputs. No control signals and control lines are required between the PV equalizers and between the PV equalizer and the PV inverter. The entire PV system does not require a centralized controller. Realize automatic power balance control.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer and the photovoltaic component are connected in parallel, and the plurality of photovoltaic components are connected in series to form a photovoltaic string, and a plurality of photovoltaic strings are connected to the photovoltaic inverter, thereby converting the direct current of the photovoltaic string into a sine wave alternating current output. Connected to the grid to achieve power generation.
  • FIG. 7-1 is a schematic diagram of a PWM software control strategy of a bidirectional Buck-Boost converter connected to a neighboring node photovoltaic equalizer according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer is connected to an adjacent photovoltaic component.
  • the power conversion circuit inside the PV equalizer uses a bidirectional Buck-Boost converter, and the PV modules PV1 and PV2 are respectively filtered by the capacitors Ci1 and Ci2, corresponding to a bidirectional Buck-Boost converter, and the power switch tubes S1, S2, and body Diodes D1, D2, and energy storage inductor L1 are formed.
  • Power switch tubes S1, S2 and their body diodes D1, D2 can realize bidirectional flow of equalized power, and this converter only processes part of the power of PV1, PV2 output.
  • V1 and V2 are DC voltages of the photovoltaic modules PV1 and PV2, respectively.
  • the output signals of the comparators 1, 2 enter the controller, thereby obtaining PWM drive signals for the power switches S1, S2.
  • the output current is reduced. Due to the unified MPPT tracking control of the photovoltaic inverter, the DC voltage of PV1 will decrease, and the midpoint reference voltage Vm will also be Decrease, once below the hysteresis voltage V L , the output level of the comparator 1 will be reversed, due to the voltage equalization of the bidirectional Buck-Boost converter, the output power of the PV2 will be partially diverted to PV1, thereby realizing the PV1, PV2 DC voltage The purpose of equalization control. If PV2 is blocked by shadow, premature aging, or dust and snow, etc., PV1 can also achieve partial power compensation.
  • the controller can turn off the PWM driving signals of the power switching tubes S1 and S2, so that the photovoltaic equalizer is in a low power standby state, which reduces the working loss of the entire photovoltaic power generation system.
  • this controller can flexibly implement the component-level MPPT function according to the actual application needs.
  • the MPPT technology can be disturbance observation method, incremental admittance method, or various advanced tracking methods.
  • the controller can also eliminate the need for integrated MPPT. Technology, only the power balance function.
  • the PV equalizer contains a communication monitoring module, which can collect the voltage, current, power, temperature and other power information of the respective PV modules, and complete the required external communication, working status reporting and monitoring, uploading and dispatching control commands, State acquisition, calculation and processing, etc.
  • the communication method can be either wired connection or wireless connection, such as RS232, RS485, WIFI, Bluetooth, RF RF, or PLC power line carrier communication, etc. Monitoring.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer-based photovoltaic power generation system realizes the output power equalization control of at least three photovoltaic components by setting a photovoltaic equalizer in parallel with at least two adjacent photovoltaic components, thereby eliminating the photovoltaic module series connection.
  • the resulting barrel effect increases the amount of electricity generated by the photovoltaic system.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of wiring of a photovoltaic power generation system based on a photovoltaic equalizer according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer comprises a first power switch tube S1, a second power switch tube S2, a third power switch tube S3, a fourth power switch tube S4, and a first diode D1
  • the diode D2 the third diode D3, the fourth diode D4, and the first capacitor C1
  • a first port formed by the first power switch S1 and the first diode D1 connected in parallel is connected to a first port of the first photovoltaic component PV1
  • the first power switch S1 and the first a second port formed by the parallel connection of a diode D1 is connected to the first port formed by the second power switch tube S2 and the second diode D2 connected in parallel, and the first port of the first capacitor C1 is connected.
  • the second port formed by the second power switch tube S2 and the second diode D2 connected in parallel with the second port of the first photovoltaic module PV1, the third power switch tube S3, and the third a diode D3 is connected in parallel to form a first port, a first port of the second photovoltaic module PV2 is connected, and a third port formed by the third power switch tube S3 and the third diode D3 are connected in parallel a fourth port formed by the fourth power switch tube S4 and the fourth diode D4 connected in parallel, a second port of the first capacitor C1 being connected, the fourth power switch tube S4 and the fourth Diode D4 is connected in parallel to form a second port and a second of the second photovoltaic component PV2 Port connection.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer includes a communication monitoring control module, configured to monitor an operating state of the N photovoltaic components in parallel with the photovoltaic equalizer and to implement communication between the N photovoltaic components and a power grid or an AC load.
  • a communication monitoring control module configured to monitor an operating state of the N photovoltaic components in parallel with the photovoltaic equalizer and to implement communication between the N photovoltaic components and a power grid or an AC load.
  • the set of photovoltaic components further includes a second capacitor Ci1 and a third capacitor Ci2 for implementing filtering of DC voltage and current output by the first photovoltaic component PV1 and the second photovoltaic component PV2.
  • the second capacitor Ci1 is connected in parallel with the first photovoltaic component PV1
  • the third capacitor Ci2 is connected in parallel with the second photovoltaic component PV2.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer in the embodiment of the present invention is a photovoltaic equalizer that connects a switched capacitor converter to an adjacent node, and the photovoltaic power generation system uses three photovoltaic modules PV1, PV2, and PV3, thereby using two photovoltaic equalizers.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer is connected to a node of an adjacent photovoltaic component.
  • the power conversion circuit inside the photovoltaic equalizer adopts a switched capacitor converter, and the photovoltaic modules PV1 and PV2 are respectively filtered by the capacitors Ci1 and Ci2, corresponding to one switched capacitor converter, and the power switch tubes S1, S2, S3, S4 and the body diode D1.
  • PV2 and PV3 are filtered by capacitors Ci2 and Ci3 respectively, corresponding to another switched capacitor converter, and power switch tubes S5, S6, S7, S8, body diodes D5, D6, D7, D8, and storage capacitor C2, power switch tube S5, S6, S7, S8 and its body diodes D5, D6, D7, D8 can achieve bidirectional flow of equalized power, C2 achieve energy staging function, and this transformation
  • the processor only processes part of the power of the PV2 and PV3 outputs.
  • the entire PV system does not require a centralized controller to achieve automatic power balance control.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer and the photovoltaic component are connected in parallel, and the plurality of photovoltaic components are connected in series to form a photovoltaic string, and a plurality of photovoltaic strings are connected to the photovoltaic inverter, thereby converting the direct current of the photovoltaic string into a sine wave alternating current output. Connected to the grid to achieve power generation.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer-based photovoltaic power generation system realizes the output power equalization control of at least three photovoltaic components by setting a photovoltaic equalizer in parallel with at least two adjacent photovoltaic components, thereby eliminating the photovoltaic module series connection.
  • the resulting barrel effect increases the amount of electricity generated by the photovoltaic system.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of wiring of a photovoltaic power generation system based on a photovoltaic equalizer according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the first component of the photovoltaic component includes the first The photovoltaic module PV1 and the second photovoltaic module PV2, the photovoltaic equalizer comprises a first power switch tube S1, a second power switch tube S2, a third power switch tube S3, a fourth power switch tube S4, and a first diode D1 When the diode D2, the third diode D3, the fourth diode D4, the inductor Lr1, and the first capacitor Cr1,
  • a first port formed by the first power switch S1 and the first diode D1 connected in parallel is connected to a first port of the first photovoltaic component PV1
  • the first power switch S1 and the first a second port formed by a diode D1 connected in parallel is connected to a first port formed by connecting the second power switch tube S2 and the second diode D2 in parallel, and a first port of the first capacitor Cr1 is connected.
  • a second port formed by the second power switch S2 and the second diode D2 connected in parallel with the second port of the first photovoltaic component PV1, the third power switch S3, and the third diode a first port formed by the parallel connection of the tubes D3 and a first port of the second photovoltaic module PV2 are connected, a second port of the first capacitor Cr1 is connected to the first port of the inductor Lr1, and the first port of the inductor Lr1 a second port formed by the second port connected in parallel with the third power switch tube S3 and the third diode D3, and the fourth power switch tube S4 and the fourth diode D4 are connected in parallel A port is connected, and the second port formed by the fourth power switch tube S4 and the fourth diode D4 connected in parallel is connected to the second port of the second photovoltaic module PV2.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer includes a communication monitoring control module, configured to monitor an operating state of the N photovoltaic components in parallel with the photovoltaic equalizer and to implement communication between the N photovoltaic components and a power grid or an AC load.
  • a communication monitoring control module configured to monitor an operating state of the N photovoltaic components in parallel with the photovoltaic equalizer and to implement communication between the N photovoltaic components and a power grid or an AC load.
  • the set of photovoltaic components further includes a second capacitor Ci1 and a third capacitor Ci2 for implementing filtering of DC voltage and current output by the first photovoltaic component PV1 and the second photovoltaic component PV2.
  • the second capacitor Ci1 is connected in parallel with the first photovoltaic component PV1
  • the third capacitor Ci2 is connected in parallel with the second photovoltaic component PV2.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer in the embodiment of the present invention is a resonant switch-capacitor converter connected to a photovoltaic equalizer of an adjacent node.
  • the photovoltaic power generation system uses three photovoltaic modules, thereby using two photovoltaics.
  • An equalizer, a photovoltaic equalizer is connected to a node of an adjacent photovoltaic component.
  • the power conversion circuit inside the photovoltaic equalizer adopts a resonant switched capacitor converter, and the photovoltaic modules PV1 and PV2 are respectively filtered by capacitors Ci1 and Ci2 to correspond to a resonant switched capacitor converter, and the power switch tubes S1, S2, S3, S4 and body diodes are used.
  • Lr1 Cr1 constitutes a resonant circuit to achieve soft switching operation, and this converter only processes part of the power of PV1, PV2 output;
  • PV2, PV3 are filtered by capacitors Ci2, Ci3 respectively, corresponding to another resonant switched capacitor converter, by power switch tube S5, S6 , S7, S8, body diodes D5, D6, D7, D8, and resonant inductor Lr2 and resonant capacitor Cr2, power switch tubes S5, S6, S7, S8 and their body diodes D5, D6, D7, D8 can achieve equalization Power double
  • Lr2, Cr2 constitute a resonant circuit to achieve soft switching operation, and this converter only processes part of the power of the PV2, PV3 output.
  • the entire PV system does not require a centralized controller to achieve automatic power balance control.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer and the photovoltaic component are connected in parallel, and the plurality of photovoltaic components are connected in series to form a photovoltaic string, and a plurality of photovoltaic strings are connected to the photovoltaic inverter, thereby converting the direct current of the photovoltaic string into a sine wave alternating current output. Connected to the grid to achieve power generation.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer-based photovoltaic power generation system realizes the output power equalization control of at least three photovoltaic components by setting a photovoltaic equalizer in parallel with at least two adjacent photovoltaic components, thereby eliminating the photovoltaic module series connection.
  • the resulting barrel effect increases the amount of electricity generated by the photovoltaic system.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of wiring of a photovoltaic power generation system based on a photovoltaic equalizer according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer comprises a first power switch tube S11, a second power switch tube S12, a third power switch tube S21, a fourth power switch tube S22, a first diode D11, a first When the diode D12, the third diode D21, the fourth diode D22, the first inductor L1, and the second inductor L2,
  • a first port formed by the first power switch tube S11 and the first diode D11 connected in parallel is connected to an output port of the photovoltaic inverter
  • the first power switch tube S11 and the first two a second port formed by the parallel connection of the pole tubes D11 is connected to the first port formed by the first port of the first inductor L1, the second power switch tube S12 and the second diode D12 connected in parallel
  • the first The second port of the inductor L1 is connected to the second port of the first photovoltaic component PV1, the first port of the second photovoltaic component PV2, and the second power switch transistor S12 and the second diode D12 are connected in parallel a second port formed by the connection is connected to the input port of the photovoltaic inverter
  • the third power switch tube S21 and the third diode D21 are connected in parallel to form a first port and the photovoltaic inverter
  • the output port is connected, the third port formed by the third power switch S21 and the third diode D21 connected
  • the photovoltaic equalizer in the embodiment of the present invention is a photovoltaic equalizer in which a bidirectional Buck-Boost converter is connected to a DC bus.
  • the photovoltaic power generation system uses five photovoltaic modules, so that four photovoltaics can be used.
  • An equalizer the output of each photovoltaic equalizer is connected to the DC bus at the input of the photovoltaic inverter.
  • the power conversion circuit inside the PV equalizer uses a bidirectional Buck-Boost converter, and the PV module PV1 is capacitively filtered to correspond to a bidirectional Buck-Boost converter, which is composed of power switch tubes S11, S12, body diodes D11, D12, and energy storage inductors.
  • the device L1 is constructed, and the power switch tubes S11, S12 and their body diodes D11, D12 can realize bidirectional flow of equalized power, and this converter only processes part of the power of the PV1 output.
  • the PV equalizer absorbs power from the DC bus; when the PV1 power is higher than other components, the PV equalizer releases power to the DC bus.
  • the operation of each of the other bidirectional Buck-Boost converters is the same as that of the PV1 circuit, and the description thereof will not be repeated here. There is no need for any control signals and control lines between the PV equalizers and between the PV equalizer and the PV inverter.
  • the entire PV system does not require a centralized controller to achieve automatic power balance control.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer and the photovoltaic component are connected in parallel, and the plurality of photovoltaic components are connected in series to form a photovoltaic string, and a plurality of photovoltaic strings are connected to the photovoltaic inverter, thereby converting the direct current of the photovoltaic string into a sine wave alternating current output. Connected to the grid to achieve power generation.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer includes a communication monitoring control module, configured to monitor an operating state of the N photovoltaic components in parallel with the photovoltaic equalizer and to implement communication between the N photovoltaic components and a power grid or an AC load.
  • a communication monitoring control module configured to monitor an operating state of the N photovoltaic components in parallel with the photovoltaic equalizer and to implement communication between the N photovoltaic components and a power grid or an AC load.
  • the set of photovoltaic components further includes a second capacitor Ci1 and a third capacitor Ci2 for implementing filtering of DC voltage and current output by the first photovoltaic component PV1 and the second photovoltaic component PV2.
  • the second capacitor Ci1 is connected in parallel with the first photovoltaic component PV1
  • the third capacitor Ci2 is connected in parallel with the second photovoltaic component PV2.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer-based photovoltaic power generation system realizes the output power equalization control of at least three photovoltaic components by setting a photovoltaic equalizer in parallel with at least two adjacent photovoltaic components, thereby eliminating the photovoltaic module series connection.
  • the resulting barrel effect increases the amount of electricity generated by the photovoltaic system.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of wiring of a photovoltaic power generation system based on a photovoltaic equalizer according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • the first component of the photovoltaic component includes the first Photovoltaic module PV1 and second photovoltaic module PV2
  • the photovoltaic equalizer includes a first power on The switch S11, the second power switch S12, the third power switch S21, the fourth power switch S22, the first diode D11, the second diode D12, the third diode D21, and the fourth diode
  • the tube D22, the first isolation transformer G1, and the second isolation transformer G2 the first isolation transformer G1 and the second isolation transformer G2
  • a first port of the first isolation transformer G1 is connected to a first port of the first photovoltaic module PV1
  • a second port of the first isolation transformer G1 is opposite to the first power switch tube S11 and the first a diode 1 is connected in parallel to form a first port connection
  • a second port formed by connecting the first power switch S11 and the first diode D11 in parallel is connected to the second port of the first photovoltaic component PV1.
  • a third port of the first isolation transformer G1 is connected to an output port of the photovoltaic inverter, a fourth port of the first isolation transformer G1 and the second power switch tube S12 and the second two a first port connection formed by the parallel connection of the pole tube D12, and a second port formed by the parallel connection of the second power switch tube S12 and the second diode D12 is connected to the input port of the photovoltaic inverter;
  • a first port of the second isolation transformer G2 is connected to a first port of the second photovoltaic component PV2, a second port of the first photovoltaic component PV1, and a second port of the second isolation transformer G2 a third port formed by connecting the third power switch S21 and the third diode D21 in parallel, wherein the third power switch S21 and the third diode D21 are connected in parallel to form a second port and a second port of the second photovoltaic module PV2 is connected, a third port of the second isolation transformer G2 is connected to an output port of the photovoltaic inverter, and a fourth port of the second isolation transformer G2 is a fourth port connected by the fourth power switch S22 and the fourth diode D22 connected in parallel, and a second port connection formed by the fourth power switch S22 and the fourth diode D22 connected in parallel The input port of the photovoltaic inverter.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer in the embodiment of the present invention is a photovoltaic equalizer in which a bidirectional isolated DC/DC converter is connected to a DC bus, and an output end of each photovoltaic equalizer is connected to a DC bus on the input end of the photovoltaic inverter. .
  • the power conversion circuit inside the photovoltaic equalizer adopts a bidirectional isolated DC/DC converter, and the PV module PV1 is capacitively filtered to correspond to a bidirectional isolated DC/DC converter, which is composed of power switch tubes S11, S12, body diodes D11, D12, And the isolation transformer is composed, the power switch tubes S11, S12 and their body diodes D11, D12 can realize the bidirectional flow of equalized power, the transformer realizes the isolation of input and output, and the converter only processes part of the power of the PV1 output.
  • the PV equalizer absorbs power from the DC bus; PV1 power is higher than other groups. The PV equalizer releases power to the DC bus.
  • the operation principle of the other bidirectional isolated DC/DC converters is the same as that of the PV1 circuit, and the description thereof will not be repeated here. There is no need for any control signals and control lines between the PV equalizers and between the PV equalizer and the PV inverter.
  • the entire PV system does not require a centralized controller to achieve automatic power balance control.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer and the photovoltaic component are connected in parallel, and the plurality of photovoltaic components are connected in series to form a photovoltaic string, and a plurality of photovoltaic strings are connected to the photovoltaic inverter, thereby converting the direct current of the photovoltaic string into a sine wave alternating current output. Connected to the grid to achieve power generation.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer comprises a communication monitoring control module, configured to monitor an operating state of the N photovoltaic components in parallel with the photovoltaic equalizer, and implement the N photovoltaic components and the power grid or the AC load. Communication.
  • the set of photovoltaic components further includes a second capacitor Ci1 and a third capacitor Ci2 for implementing filtering of DC voltage and current output by the first photovoltaic component PV1 and the second photovoltaic component PV2.
  • the second capacitor Ci1 is connected in parallel with the first photovoltaic component PV1
  • the third capacitor Ci2 is connected in parallel with the second photovoltaic component PV2.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer-based photovoltaic power generation system realizes the output power equalization control of at least three photovoltaic components by setting a photovoltaic equalizer in parallel with at least two adjacent photovoltaic components, thereby eliminating the photovoltaic module series connection.
  • the resulting barrel effect increases the amount of electricity generated by the photovoltaic system.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of wiring of a photovoltaic power generation system based on a photovoltaic equalizer according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer comprises a first power switch tube S11, a second power switch tube S12, a third power switch tube S21, a fourth power switch tube S22, a first diode D11, a first When the diode D12, the third diode D21, the fourth diode D22, the first isolation transformer G1, and the second isolation transformer G2,
  • a first port of the first isolation transformer G1 is connected to a first port of the first photovoltaic module PV1
  • a second port of the first isolation transformer G1 is opposite to the first power switch tube S11 and the first a diode 1 is connected in parallel to form a first port connection
  • a second port formed by connecting the first power switch S11 and the first diode D11 in parallel is connected to the second port of the first photovoltaic component PV1.
  • a third port of the first isolation transformer G1 and the second isolation transformer G2 The third port is connected, and the fourth port of the first isolation transformer G1 is connected to the first port formed by the second power switch tube S12 and the second diode D12 connected in parallel;
  • a first port of the second isolation transformer G2 is connected to a first port of the second photovoltaic component PV2, a second port of the first photovoltaic component PV1, and a second port of the second isolation transformer G2 a third port formed by connecting the third power switch S21 and the third diode D21 in parallel, wherein the third power switch S21 and the third diode D21 are connected in parallel to form a second port and a second port of the second photovoltaic module PV2 is connected, and a fourth port of the second isolation transformer G2 is connected to the first port formed by the fourth power switch tube S22 and the fourth diode D22 a second port formed by the second power switch S12 and the second diode D12 connected in parallel with the input port of the photovoltaic inverter, the fourth power switch S22 and the fourth diode
  • the tubes D22 are connected in parallel to form a second port connection.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer in the embodiment of the present invention is a photovoltaic equalizer in which a bidirectional isolated DC/DC converter is connected to a DC balanced bus. As shown in FIG. 12, the output of each photovoltaic equalizer is connected to an intermediate DC. Balance the bus.
  • the power conversion circuit inside the photovoltaic equalizer adopts a bidirectional isolated DC/DC converter, and the PV module PV1 is capacitively filtered to correspond to a bidirectional isolated DC/DC converter, which is composed of power switch tubes S11, S12, body diodes D11, D12, And the isolation transformer is composed, the power switch tubes S11, S12 and their body diodes D11, D12 can realize the bidirectional flow of equalized power, the transformer realizes the isolation of input and output, and the converter only processes part of the power of the PV1 output.
  • the PV equalizer absorbs power from the intermediate DC balanced bus; when the PV1 power is higher than other components, the PV equalizer releases power to the intermediate DC balanced bus.
  • the operation principle of the other bidirectional isolated DC/DC converters is the same as that of the PV1 circuit, and the description thereof will not be repeated here. There is no need for any control signals and control lines between the PV equalizers and between the PV equalizer and the PV inverter.
  • the entire PV system does not require a centralized controller to achieve automatic power balance control.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer and the photovoltaic component are connected in parallel, and the plurality of photovoltaic components are connected in series to form a photovoltaic string, and a plurality of photovoltaic strings are connected to the photovoltaic inverter, thereby converting the direct current of the photovoltaic string into a sine wave alternating current output. Connected to the grid to achieve power generation.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer includes a communication monitoring control module, configured to monitor an operating state of the N photovoltaic components in parallel with the photovoltaic equalizer and to implement communication between the N photovoltaic components and a power grid or an AC load.
  • a communication monitoring control module configured to monitor an operating state of the N photovoltaic components in parallel with the photovoltaic equalizer and to implement communication between the N photovoltaic components and a power grid or an AC load.
  • the set of photovoltaic components further includes a second capacitor Ci1 and a third capacitor Ci2 for implementing filtering of DC voltage and current output by the first photovoltaic component PV1 and the second photovoltaic component PV2.
  • the second capacitor Ci1 is connected in parallel with the first photovoltaic component PV1
  • the third capacitor Ci2 is connected in parallel with the second photovoltaic component PV2.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer-based photovoltaic power generation system realizes the output power equalization control of at least three photovoltaic components by setting a photovoltaic equalizer in parallel with at least two adjacent photovoltaic components, thereby eliminating the photovoltaic module series connection.
  • the resulting barrel effect increases the amount of electricity generated by the photovoltaic system.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of wiring of a photovoltaic power generation system based on a photovoltaic equalizer according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer comprises a first power switch tube S11, a second power switch tube S12, a first diode D11, a second diode D12, a first isolation transformer G1 and a second When isolating transformer G2,
  • a first port of the first isolation transformer G1 is connected to a first port of the first photovoltaic module PV1, a second port of the first isolation transformer G1 is opposite to the first power switch tube S11 and the first a diode 1 is connected in parallel to form a first port connection, and a second port formed by connecting the first power switch S11 and the first diode D11 in parallel is connected to the second port of the first photovoltaic component PV1. ;
  • a first port of the second isolation transformer G2 is connected to a first port of the second photovoltaic component PV2, a second port of the first photovoltaic component PV1, and a second port of the second isolation transformer G2 a second port formed by connecting the second power switch tube S12 and the second diode D12 in parallel, wherein the second power switch tube S12 and the second diode D12 are connected in parallel to form a second port and a second port of the second photovoltaic module PV2 is connected, a third port of the first isolation transformer G1 is connected to a third port of the second isolation transformer G2, and a fourth port of the first isolation transformer G1 is The fourth port of the second isolation transformer G2 is connected.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer in the embodiment of the present invention is a photovoltaic equalizer in which a bidirectional isolated power converter is connected to an AC balanced bus. As shown in FIG. 13, the output of each photovoltaic equalizer is connected to an intermediate AC balanced bus. on.
  • the power conversion circuit inside the photovoltaic equalizer uses a bidirectional isolated power converter, and the PV module PV1 is capacitively filtered to correspond to a bidirectional isolated power converter.
  • the frequency switch tube S11, the body diode D11, and the isolation transformer are formed.
  • the power switch tube S11 and the body diode D11 can realize the bidirectional flow of equalized power, the transformer realizes the isolation function of the input and the output, and the converter only processes the part of the PV1 output. power.
  • the PV equalizer When the PV1 power is lower than other components, the PV equalizer absorbs power from the intermediate AC equalization bus; when the PV1 power is higher than other components, the voltage source of the isolation transformer acts to reverse the power flow of other components, and the PV equalizer is in the middle The AC balanced bus release power.
  • the operation principle of the other two-way isolated power converters is the same as that of the PV1 circuit, and the description thereof will not be repeated here. There is no need for any control signals and control lines between the PV equalizers and between the PV equalizer and the PV inverter. The entire PV system does not require a centralized controller to achieve automatic power balance control.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer and the photovoltaic component are connected in parallel, and the plurality of photovoltaic components are connected in series to form a photovoltaic string, and a plurality of photovoltaic strings are connected to the photovoltaic inverter, thereby converting the direct current of the photovoltaic string into a sine wave alternating current output. Connected to the grid to achieve power generation.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer includes a communication monitoring control module, configured to monitor an operating state of the N photovoltaic components in parallel with the photovoltaic equalizer and to implement communication between the N photovoltaic components and a power grid or an AC load.
  • a communication monitoring control module configured to monitor an operating state of the N photovoltaic components in parallel with the photovoltaic equalizer and to implement communication between the N photovoltaic components and a power grid or an AC load.
  • the set of photovoltaic components further includes a second capacitor Ci1 and a third capacitor Ci2 for implementing filtering of DC voltage and current output by the first photovoltaic component PV1 and the second photovoltaic component PV2.
  • the second capacitor Ci1 is connected in parallel with the first photovoltaic component PV1
  • the third capacitor Ci2 is connected in parallel with the second photovoltaic component PV2.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer-based photovoltaic power generation system realizes the output power equalization control of at least three photovoltaic components by setting a photovoltaic equalizer in parallel with at least two adjacent photovoltaic components, thereby eliminating the photovoltaic module series connection.
  • the resulting barrel effect increases the amount of electricity generated by the photovoltaic system.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a photovoltaic power generation device, comprising any photovoltaic power generation system based on a photovoltaic equalizer as described in Embodiments 1 to 8 of the present invention.
  • the photovoltaic power generation device is Photovoltaic grid-connected power generation units, photovoltaic off-grid power generation units or photovoltaic energy storage power generation units.
  • the photovoltaic equalizer-based photovoltaic power generation system realizes the output power equalization control of the N photovoltaic components by setting a photovoltaic equalizer in parallel with at least two adjacent photovoltaic components, thereby eliminating photovoltaic
  • the barrel effect caused by the series connection of components improves the development of photovoltaic power generation system Electricity.

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Abstract

一种基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统（100），包括至少一个光伏发电子系统（110），光伏发电子系统（110）包括光伏逆变器（111）以及与光伏逆变器（111）电连接的至少一个光伏组串（112），光伏组串（112）包括N个光伏组件和M个光伏均衡器，N个光伏组件串联连接，相邻的至少一个光伏组件形成1个光伏组件子集合，相邻的两个光伏组件子集合形成一个光伏组件集合，每个光伏均衡器与一个光伏组件集合并联连接，光伏均衡器用于实现N个光伏组件的输出功率均衡控制。还公开一种光伏发电装置。可以消除光伏组件串联所导致的木桶效应，提高系统发电量。

Description

基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统及光伏发电装置 技术领域
本发明涉及光伏发电技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统及光伏发电装置。
背景技术
光伏发电系统中，光伏组件把太阳的光能转换为间歇性、变化的直流电，通过光伏组件的串并联提高电压、增大电流，同时通过汇流箱、配电柜等实现电气连接功能，光伏逆变器把这种随机变化的直流电转换为与公用电网相同频率、相位的交流电，并且光伏逆变器具有MPPT(Maximum Power Point Tracking，最大功率点跟踪)功能，可以通过内部软件算法自动寻找光伏组串、或光伏阵列的最大功率点。
典型大型荒漠地面及大型屋顶太阳能光伏电站一般采用集中式逆变器构成的光伏发电系统，如图1所示，上述集中式逆变器构成的光伏发电系统主要由太阳能光伏电池组件、汇流箱、交直流配电柜、光伏逆变器及升压变压器组成，可以方便实现10kV/35kV中压并网。其中，多个光伏组件串联构成光伏组串，再由多个光伏组串并联构成光伏阵列，从而得到较高的直流电压与直流功率，然后共用一台集中型逆变器实现并网发电。然而，这种系统架构具有明显的缺点，若多个串联的光伏组件中其中某个组件的电流减小，会直接导致这串整个光伏组串的总电流减小，这种现象称为木桶效应，木桶效应会导致整个光伏组串的输出功率降低。
分布式光伏发电系统的发展促使光伏发电靠近负载端，从而减小输配电的传导损耗。分布式光伏电站一般建在中、大型工商业厂房以及个人家庭屋顶，主要使用组串式逆变器，而无需汇流箱、直流配电柜，如图2所示。分布式光伏发电系统带来的主要问题是并机台数过多后增大并网点的电流谐波，同时容易导致并网谐振问题。组串式系统中光伏组件串联构成光伏组串，每个光伏组串通过组串式逆变器内部各自独立的DC/DC变换器升压后，再共用组串式逆 变器内部的同一套逆变电路实现并网发电，因此这种系统架构具有多路MPPT功能，部分改进了集中式系统单路MPPT存在的多个组串并联时的失配缺陷。但是，组串式系统内部仍然存在多个光伏组件串联带来的木桶效应问题，比如多个串联的光伏组件中其中某个组件的电流减小，会直接导致这路光伏组串的总电流减小，从而导致整个组串的输出功率降低。
为了消除集中式、组串式系统的木桶效应，近年来提出了功率优化器的概念，从而构成了含有功率优化器的光伏发电系统，如图3所示。这个系统主要在集中式、组串式光伏发电系统的基础上增加了功率优化器这个部件，带来的直接好处是消除了集中式、组串式系统的木桶效应。由于每块光伏组件的背面均安装有一个功率优化器，从而无需把光伏组件直接串联构成光伏组串、而是把功率优化器的输出端首尾串联或并联，因此可以实现组件级、或分布式MPPT功能。但是所造成的缺点显而易见，主要是增加了部件会提升系统价格、增加系统损耗。功率优化器会使当前系统价格上升6～7.5％；同时其工作效率大约为95～98％，由于功率优化器在光伏系统发电时始终保持运行，从而系统将增多2～5％的功率损耗。
近年来提出的微型逆变器光伏发电系统的概念也可以消除集中式、组串式系统的木桶效应，如图4所示。这个系统完全不同于集中式、组串式、及含有功率优化器的光伏发电系统，无需把光伏组件直接串联构成光伏组串，而在每块光伏组件的背面安装一个独立的微型逆变器，因此可以实现组件级、或分布式MPPT功能，带来的直接好处是消除了集中式、组串式系统由于组件串联导致的木桶效应。光伏组件直流电压一般为30～36V、而电网交流电压为110～220V，所以微型逆变器内部通常为两级结构，第一级实现直流升压功能、第二级完成DC/AC交流逆变功能，两级结构造成的问题非常显而易见：一方面微型逆变器的工作效率一般为95～96％，从而导致光伏发电系统额外的4～5％功耗；另一方面内部器件繁多、控制复杂，其价格远远高于集成式、组串式系统结构，也高于含有功率优化器的系统价格。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术中存在的上述问题，本发明实施例提供一种基于光伏均衡器 的光伏发电系统及光伏发电装置，通过重新构造光伏发电技术的系统架构，以消除光伏组件串联结构中容易出现的木桶效应问题，并且提升光伏发电系统的发电量和工作效率，同时降低系统成本。
本发明实施例第一方面公开一种基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统，包括至少一个光伏发电子系统；
其中，所述光伏发电子系统包括：光伏逆变器、以及与所述光伏逆变器电连接的至少一个光伏组串；
其中，所述光伏组串包括N个光伏组件和M个光伏均衡器，所述N为大于或等于3的整数，所述M为小于N正整数；所述N个光伏组件串联连接，相邻的至少一个光伏组件形成1个光伏组件子集合，所述N个光伏组件形成M+1个子集合，相邻的两个光伏组件子集合形成一个光伏组件集合，每个光伏均衡器与一个光伏组件集合并联连接；相邻的光伏组件集合包括一个相同的光伏组件子集合，每个光伏组件子集合中的光伏组件的功率之和相同；所述光伏均衡器用于实现所述N个光伏组件的输出功率均衡控制；
所述N个光伏组件输出的直流电压串联叠加后形成总输出直流电压，所述总输出直流电压连接至所述光伏逆变器，并通过所述光伏逆变器转换为正弦波交流电压并入电网或输出至交流负载。
进一步可选的，当光伏组件集合中包括第一光伏组件和第二光伏组件，光伏均衡器包括第一功率开关管、第二功率开关管、第一二极管和第二二极管，电感时，
所述第一功率开关管和所述第一二极管并联连接形成的第一端口与所述第一光伏组件的第一端口连接，所述第一功率开关管和所述第一二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述电感的第一端口、所述第二功率开关管和所述第二二极管并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述电感的第二端口与所述第一光伏组件的第二端口、所述第二光伏组件的第一端口连接，所述第二功率开关管和所述第二二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第二光伏组件的第二端口连接。
进一步可选的，当光伏组件集合中包括第一光伏组件和第二光伏组件，光伏均衡器包括第一功率开关管、第二功率开关管、第三功率开关管、第四功率开关管、第一二极管、第二二极管、第三二极管、第四二极管、第一电容时，
所述第一功率开关管和所述第一二极管并联连接形成的第一端口与所述第一光伏组件的第一端口连接，所述第一功率开关管和所述第一二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第二功率开关管和所述第二二极管并联连接形成的第一端口、所述第一电容的第一端口连接，所述第二功率开关管和所述第二二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第一光伏组件的第二端口、所述第三功率开关管和所述第三二极管并联连接形成的第一端口、所述第二光伏组件的第一端口连接，所述第三功率开关管和所述第三二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第四功率开关管和所述第四二极管并联连接形成的第一端口、所述第一电容的第二端口连接，所述第四功率开关管和所述第四二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第二光伏组件的第二端口连接。
进一步可选的，当光伏组件集合中包括第一光伏组件和第二光伏组件，光伏均衡器包括第一功率开关管、第二功率开关管、第三功率开关管、第四功率开关管、第一二极管、第二二极管、第三二极管、第四二极管、电感、第一电容时，
所述第一功率开关管和所述第一二极管并联连接形成的第一端口与所述第一光伏组件的第一端口连接，所述第一功率开关管和所述第一二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第二功率开关管和所述第二二极管并联连接形成的第一端口、所述第一电容的第一端口连接，所述第二功率开关管和所述第二二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第一光伏组件的第二端口、所述第三功率开关管和所述第三二极管并联连接形成的第一端口、所述第二光伏组件的第一端口连接，所述第一电容的第二端口与所述电感的第一端口连接，所述电感的第二端口与所述第三功率开关管和所述第三二极管并联连接形成的第二端口、所述第四功率开关管和所述第四二极管并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第四功率开关管和所述第四二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第二光伏组件的第二端口连接。
进一步可选的，当光伏组件集合中包括第一光伏组件和第二光伏组件，光伏均衡器包括第一功率开关管、第二功率开关管、第三功率开关管、第四功率开关管、第一二极管、第二二极管、第三二极管、第四二极管，
所述第一功率开关管和所述第一二极管并联连接形成的第一端口与所述 光伏逆变器的输出端口连接，所述第一功率开关管和所述第一二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与第一电感的第一端口、所述第二功率开关管和所述第二二极管并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第一电感的第二端口与所述第一光伏组件的第二端口、所述第二光伏组件的第一端口连接，所述第二功率开关管和所述第二二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述光伏逆变器的输入端口连接；所述第三功率开关管和所述第三二极管并联连接形成的第一端口与所述光伏逆变器的输出端口连接，所述第三功率开关管和所述第三二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与第二电感的第一端口、所述第四功率开关管和所述第四二极管并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第二电感的第二端口与所述第二光伏组件的第二端口连接，所述第四功率开关管和所述第四二二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述光伏逆变器的输入端口连接。
进一步可选的，当光伏组件集合中包括第一光伏组件和第二光伏组件，光伏均衡器包括第一功率开关管、第二功率开关管、第三功率开关管、第四功率开关管、第一二极管、第二二极管、第三二极管、第四二极管、第一隔离变压器以及第二隔离变压器时，
所述第一隔离变压器的第一端口与所述第一光伏组件的第一端口连接，所述第一隔离变压器的第二端口与所述第一功率开关管和所述第一二极管并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第一功率开关管和所述第一二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第一光伏组件的第二端口连接，所述第一隔离变压器的第三端口与所述光伏逆变器的输出端口连接，所述第一隔离变压器的第四端口与所述第二功率开关管和所述第二二极管并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第二功率开关管和所述第二二极管并联连接形成的第二端口连接所述光伏逆变器的输入端口；
所述第二隔离变压器的第一端口与所述第二光伏组件的第一端口、所述第一光伏组件的第二端口连接，所述第二隔离变压器的第二端口与所述第三功率开关管和所述第三二极管并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第三功率开关管和所述第三二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第二光伏组件的第二端口连接，所述第二隔离变压器的第三端口与所述光伏逆变器的输出端口连接，所述第二隔离变压器的第四端口与所述第四功率开关管和所述第四二极管并联 连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第四功率开关管和所述第四二极管并联连接形成的第二端口连接所述光伏逆变器的输入端口。
进一步可选的，当光伏组件集合中包括第一光伏组件和第二光伏组件，光伏均衡器包括第一功率开关管、第二功率开关管、第三功率开关管、第四功率开关管、第一二极管、第二二极管、第三二极管、第四二极管、第一隔离变压器以及第二隔离变压器时，
所述第一隔离变压器的第一端口与所述第一光伏组件的第一端口连接，所述第一隔离变压器的第二端口与所述第一功率开关管和所述第一二极管并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第一功率开关管和所述第一二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第一光伏组件的第二端口连接，所述第一隔离变压器的第三端口与所述第二隔离变压器的第三端口连接，所述第一隔离变压器的第四端口与所述第二功率开关管和所述第二二极管并联连接形成的第一端口连接；
所述第二隔离变压器的第一端口与所述第二光伏组件的第一端口、所述第一光伏组件的第二端口连接，所述第二隔离变压器的第二端口与所述第三功率开关管和所述第三二极管并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第三功率开关管和所述第三二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第二光伏组件的第二端口连接，所述第二隔离变压器的第四端口与所述第四功率开关管和所述第四二极管并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第二功率开关管和所述第二二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述光伏逆变器的输入端口所述第四功率开关管和所述第四二极管并联连接形成的第二端口连接。
进一步可选的，当光伏组件集合中包括第一光伏组件和第二光伏组件，光伏均衡器包括第一功率开关管、第二功率开关管、第一二极管、第二二极管、第一隔离变压器以及第二隔离变压器时，
所述第一隔离变压器的第一端口与所述第一光伏组件的第一端口连接，所述第一隔离变压器的第二端口与所述第一功率开关管和所述第一二极管并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第一功率开关管和所述第一二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第一光伏组件的第二端口连接；
所述第二隔离变压器的第一端口与所述第二光伏组件的第一端口、所述第一光伏组件的第二端口连接，所述第二隔离变压器的第二端口与所述第二功率 开关管和所述第二二极管并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第二功率开关管和所述第二二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第二光伏组件的第二端口连接，所述第一隔离变压器的第三端口与所述第二隔离变压器的第三端口连接，所述第一隔离变压器的第四端口与所述第二隔离变压器的第四端口连接。
进一步可选的，所述光伏均衡器包括通讯监测控模块，用于监测与所述光伏均衡器并联的N个光伏组件的工作状态以及实现所述N个光伏组件与电网或交流负载的通讯。
进一步可选的，所述光伏组件集合还包括第二电容、第三电容，用于实现为所述第一光伏组件、第二光伏组件输出的直流电压、电流的滤波，其中，所述第二电容与所述第一光伏组件并联连接，所述第三电容与所述第二光伏组件并联连接。
本发明实施例第二方面公开一种光伏发电装置，其特征在于，包括本发明实施例第一方面公开的一种基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统。
进一步可选的，所述光伏发电装置为光伏并网发电装置、光伏离网发电装置或者光伏储能发电装置。
本发明实施例中，所述基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统通过设置与至少两个相邻的光伏组件并联的光伏均衡器，实现所述N个光伏组件的输出功率均衡控制，从而可消除光伏组件串联所导致的木桶效应，提高光伏发电系统的发电量。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是现有技术中集中式逆变器构成光伏发电系统的结构示意图；
图2是现有技术中组串式逆变器构成分布式光伏发电系统的结构示意图；
图3是现有技术中含有功率优化器的光伏发电系统的结构示意图；
图4是现有技术中微型逆变器构成光伏发电系统的结构示意图；
图5是本发明第一实施例提供的一种基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统的整体结构示意图；
图6是本发明第二实施例提供的一种基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统的光伏均衡器的拓扑结构示意图；
图7是本发明第三实施例提供的一种基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统的接线示意图；
图7-1为本发明第三实施例提供的双向Buck-Boost变换器连接相邻节点光伏均衡器的PWM软件控制策略示意图；
图8是本发明第四实施例提供的一种基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统的接线示意图；
图9是本发明第五实施例提供的一种基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统的接线示意图；
图10是本发明第六实施例提供的一种基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统的接线示意图；
图11是本发明第七实施例提供的一种基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统的接线示意图；
图12是本发明第八实施例提供的一种基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统的接线示意图；
图13是本发明第九实施例提供的一种基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统的接线示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。例如包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备没有限定于已列出的步骤或单元，而是可选地还包括没有列出的步骤或单元，或可选地还包括对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其他步骤或单元。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本发明的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
请参阅图5，图5是本发明第一实施例提供的一种基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统的整体结构示意图，如图5所示，本发明实施例中的基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统100，包括至少一个光伏发电子系统110；其中，所述光伏发电子系统包括：光伏逆变器111、以及与所述光伏逆变器电连接的至少一个光伏组串112；
其中，所述光伏组串包括N个光伏组件和M个光伏均衡器，所述N为大于或等于3的整数，所述M为小于N正整数；所述N个光伏组件串联连接，相邻的至少一个光伏组件形成1个光伏组件子集合，所述N个光伏组件形成M+1个子集合，相邻的两个光伏组件子集合形成一个光伏组件集合，每个光伏均衡器与一个光伏组件集合并联连接；相邻的光伏组件集合包括一个相同的光伏组件子集合，每个光伏组件子集合中的光伏组件的功率之和相同；所述光伏均衡器用于实现所述N个光伏组件的输出功率均衡控制；
所述N个光伏组件输出的直流电压串联叠加后形成总输出直流电压，所述总输出直流电压输入至所述光伏逆变器，并通过所述光伏逆变器转换为正弦波交流电压并入电网或输出至交流负载。
可以理解的，基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统中，既可以是每两块光伏组件对应安装有一个光伏均衡器，也可以是三块或多块光伏组件串联后对应安装有一个光伏均衡器，当在三块或多块光伏组件串联后对应安装有一个光伏均衡 器这种情况下时，三块或多块光伏组件串联后可以等效为两个光伏组件串联，以使两个光伏组件的功率相同，例如，存在光伏组件PV1、PV2、PV3、PV4，当PV1、PV2的功率之和与PV3的功率、PV4的功率相同时，那么就可以在PV1、PV2、PV3串联后连接一个光伏均衡器、PV3、PV4串联后并联一个光伏均衡器，此时PV1、PV2形成一个光伏组件子集合，PV3单独形成一个光伏组件子集合，PV4单独形成一个光伏组件子集合，PV1、PV2以及PV3形成一个光伏组件集合后并连一个光伏均衡器，PV3、PV4形成一个光伏组件集合后并连一个光伏均衡器，上述两个光伏组件集合中包括相同的光伏组价子集合PV3，且每个子集合的功率必须保证相同。同时光伏组件内部的电池片也可以使用光伏均衡器。多个光伏组件首尾串联构成光伏组串，光伏均衡器与光伏组件之间为并联连接，同时光伏均衡器可以集成于、或外置在光伏接线盒的内部、或外部，无需改变光伏发电系统架构而实现自动功率均衡控制。光伏均衡器内部的功率变换电路仅处理光伏组件的部分输出功率，拓扑结构可以为双向Buck-Boost变换器连接相邻节点、开关电容变换器连接相邻节点、谐振开关电容变换器连接相邻节点，也可以是双向Buck-Boost变换器连接直流母线、双向隔离型DC/DC变换器连接直流母线，同时也可以是双向隔离型DC/DC变换器连接直流均衡母线、双向隔离型功率变换器连接交流均衡母线等不同形式。光伏均衡器具有控制功能，根据实际应用需要，可以包含组件级MPPT跟踪技术，也可以无需集成MPPT、而只实现功率均衡功能。光伏均衡器内部也可以含有通讯监控功能，采集各自光伏组件的电压、电流、功率、温度等电量信息，完成所需的对外通讯、工作状态上报与监测、控制指令的上传与下发、状态采集、及计算处理等，所采用的通讯方式既可以是有线连接、也可以是无线连接，从而实现光伏组件的智能化监测。多个光伏组串接入光伏逆变器中，把光伏组串的直流电转换成正弦波交流电输出，多台光伏逆变器的输出进入交流配电柜后接入交流电网实现并网发电。
可以看出，所述基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统通过设置与至少两个相邻的光伏组件并联的光伏均衡器，实现至少三个光伏组件的输出功率均衡控制，从而可消除光伏组件串联所导致的木桶效应，提高光伏发电系统的发电量。
请参阅图6，图6是本发明第二实施例提供的一种基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统的光伏均衡器的拓扑结构示意图，如图6所示，本发明实施例中的光伏发电系统，包含有n个光伏组件的光伏发电系统，只要使用(n-1)个光伏均衡器。光伏组件PV1、PV2对应光伏均衡器1，PV2、PV3对应光伏均衡器2，PV3、PV4对应光伏均衡器3，PV(n-1)、PVn对应光伏均衡器(n-1)。各个光伏均衡器之间、及光伏均衡器与光伏逆变器之间无需任何控制信号与控制线，每个光伏均衡器实现自动功率均衡控制。光伏均衡器与光伏组件之间为并联连接，多个光伏组件首尾串联构成光伏组串，多个光伏组串接入多路直流输入光伏逆变器的某一路直流输入，从而把光伏组串的直流电转换成正弦波交流电输出并且接入交流电网后实现并网发电。这种包含光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统中，既可以是每两块光伏组件对应安装有一个独立的光伏均衡器，也可以是两块、三块、或多块光伏组件串联后对应安装有一个独立的光伏均衡器，但每个光伏均衡器对应的组件数量必须相同，从而可以灵活实现系统最优的性价比。另外，光伏均衡器的内部功率拓扑可采用交错并联方式工作，也可在采用交错并联方式工作同时使用耦合电感结构。由于光伏组件内部由多个电池片串并联构成，因而内部的子串也可以采用以上均衡器技术。
可以看出，所述基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统通过设置与至少两个相邻的光伏组件并联的光伏均衡器，实现至少三个光伏组件的输出功率均衡控制，从而可消除光伏组件串联所导致的木桶效应，提高光伏发电系统的发电量。
请参阅图7，图7是本发明第三实施例提供的一种基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统的接线示意图，如图7所示，本发明实施例中，当光伏组件集合中包括第一光伏组件PV1和第二光伏组件PV2，光伏均衡器包括第一功率开关管S1、第二功率开关管S2、第一二极管D1和第二二极管D2，电感L1时，
所述第一功率开关管S1和所述第一二极管D1并联连接形成的第一端口与所述第一光伏组件PV1的第一端口连接，所述第一功率开关管S1和所述第一二极管D1并联连接形成的第二端口与所述电感的第一端口、所述第二功率开关管S2和所述第二二极管D2并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述电感的第二端口与所述第一光伏组件PV1的第二端口、所述第二光伏组件PV2的第 一端口连接，所述第二功率开关管S2和所述第二二极管D2并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第二光伏组件PV2的第二端口连接。
可选的，所述光伏均衡器包括通讯监测控模块，用于监测与所述光伏均衡器并联的N个光伏组件的工作状态以及实现所述N个光伏组件与电网或交流负载的通讯。
可选的，所述光伏组件集合还包括第二电容Ci1、第三电容Ci2，用于实现为所述第一光伏组件PV1、第二光伏组件PV2输出的直流电压、电流的滤波，其中，所述第二电容Ci1与所述第一光伏组件PV1并联连接，所述第三电容Ci2与所述第二光伏组件PV2并联连接。
具体地，本发明实施例中的光伏均衡器为双向Buck-Boost变换器连接相邻节点的光伏均衡器，在本发明实施例中的光伏发电系统使用五块光伏组件PV1、PV2、PV3、PV4、PV5，因而可以使用四个光伏均衡器，光伏均衡器连接到相邻光伏组件的节点上。光伏均衡器内部的功率变换电路采用双向Buck-Boost变换器，光伏组件PV1、PV2分别经过电容Ci1、Ci2滤波后对应一个双向Buck-Boost变换器，由功率开关管S1、S2、体二极管D1、D2、及储能电感器L1构成，功率开关管S1、S2及其体二极管D1、D2可以实现均衡功率的双向流动，并且这个变换器仅处理PV1、PV2输出的部分功率；PV2、PV3分别经过电容Ci2、Ci3滤波后对应一个双向Buck-Boost变换器，由功率开关管S3、S4、体二极管D3、D4、及储能电感器L2构成，功率开关管S3、S4及其体二极管D3、D4可以实现均衡功率的双向流动，并且这个变换器仅处理PV2、PV3输出的部分功率；PV3、PV4分别经过电容Ci3、Ci4滤波后对应一个双向Buck-Boost变换器，由功率开关管S5、S6、体二极管D5、D6、及储能电感器L3构成，功率开关管S5、S6及其体二极管D5、D6可以实现均衡功率的双向流动，并且这个变换器仅处理PV3、PV4输出的部分功率；PV4、PV5分别经过电容Ci4、Ci5滤波后对应一个双向Buck-Boost变换器，由功率开关管S7、S8、体二极管D7、D8、及储能电感器L4构成，功率开关管S7、S8及其体二极管D7、D8可以实现均衡功率的双向流动，并且这个变换器仅处理PV4、PV5输出的部分功率。各个光伏均衡器之间、及光伏均衡器与光伏逆变器之间无需任何控制信号与控制线，整个光伏发电系统无需集中控制器而 实现自动功率均衡控制。光伏均衡器与光伏组件之间为并联架构，多个光伏组件首尾串联构成光伏组串，多个光伏组串接入光伏逆变器中，从而把光伏组串的直流电转换成正弦波交流电输出并且接入交流电网后实现并网发电。
请参阅图7-1，图7-1为本发明第三实施例提供的双向Buck-Boost变换器连接相邻节点光伏均衡器的PWM软件控制策略示意图，光伏均衡器连接到相邻光伏组件的节点上，光伏均衡器内部的功率变换电路采用双向Buck-Boost变换器，光伏组件PV1、PV2分别经过电容Ci1、Ci2滤波后对应一个双向Buck-Boost变换器，由功率开关管S1、S2、体二极管D1、D2、及储能电感器L1构成，功率开关管S1、S2及其体二极管D1、D2可以实现均衡功率的双向流动，并且这个变换器仅处理PV1、PV2输出的部分功率。同时，电阻R1、R2、R3构成直流电压采样电路，因而可以计算得出两个比较器的迟滞电压VH、VL、及中点参考电压Vm＝(V1+V2)/2，其中，V1、V2分别为光伏组件PV1、PV2的直流电压。比较器1、2的输出信号进入控制器，从而得到功率开关管S1、S2的PWM驱动信号。如果光伏组件PV1受到阴影遮挡、提前老化、或灰尘积雪等导致输出电流减小时，由于受到光伏逆变器的统一MPPT跟踪控制，PV1的直流电压就会降低，从而中点参考电压Vm也会降低，一旦低于迟滞电压VL，比较器1的输出电平将会翻转，由于双向Buck-Boost变换器的电压均衡作用，PV2的输出功率将部分转向给PV1，从而实现PV1、PV2直流电压均衡控制的目的。如果PV2受到阴影遮挡、提前老化、或灰尘积雪等导致输出功率减小，PV1也可以实现部分功率补偿，作用原理与前述相同，最终也可实现PV1、PV2直流电压的均衡控制。如果PV1、PV2输出功率相似情况下，控制器可以关闭功率开关管S1、S2的PWM驱动信号，从而光伏均衡器处于低功耗的待机状态，降低了整个光伏发电系统的工作损耗。同时，这个控制器可以根据实际应用需要，灵活实现组件级MPPT功能，MPPT的技术方式可以是扰动观测法、增量导纳法、或各种先进的跟踪方式等，控制器也可无需集成MPPT技术、只单纯实现功率均衡功能。另外，光伏均衡器内部含有通讯监控模块，可采集各自光伏组件的电压、电流、功率、温度等电量信息，并完成所需的对外通讯、工作状态上报与监测、控制指令的上传与下发、状态采集、及计算处理等，所采用的通讯方式既可以是有线连接、也可以是无线连接，如 RS232、RS485、WIFI、蓝牙、射频RF、或PLC电力线载波通讯等，从而实现光伏组件的智能化监测。
可以看出，所述基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统通过设置与至少两个相邻的光伏组件并联的光伏均衡器，实现至少三个光伏组件的输出功率均衡控制，从而可消除光伏组件串联所导致的木桶效应，提高光伏发电系统的发电量。
请参阅图8，图8是本发明第四实施例提供的一种基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统的接线示意图，如图8所示，本发明实施例中，当光伏组件集合中包括第一光伏组件PV1和第二光伏组件PV2，光伏均衡器包括第一功率开关管S1、第二功率开关管S2、第三功率开关管S3、第四功率开关管S4、第一二极管D1、第二二极管D2、第三二极管D3、第四二极管D4、第一电容C1时，
所述第一功率开关管S1和所述第一二极管D1并联连接形成的第一端口与所述第一光伏组件PV1的第一端口连接，所述第一功率开关管S1和所述第一二极管D1并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第二功率开关管S2和所述第二二极管D2并联连接形成的第一端口、所述第一电容C1的第一端口连接，所述第二功率开关管S2和所述第二二极管D2并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第一光伏组件PV1的第二端口、所述第三功率开关管S3和所述第三二极管D3并联连接形成的第一端口、所述第二光伏组件PV2的第一端口连接，所述第三功率开关管S3和所述第三二极管D3并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第四功率开关管S4和所述第四二极管D4并联连接形成的第一端口、所述第一电容C1的第二端口连接，所述第四功率开关管S4和所述第四二极管D4并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第二光伏组件PV2的第二端口连接。
可选的，所述光伏均衡器包括通讯监测控模块，用于监测与所述光伏均衡器并联的N个光伏组件的工作状态以及实现所述N个光伏组件与电网或交流负载的通讯。
可选的，所述光伏组件集合还包括第二电容Ci1、第三电容Ci2，用于实现为所述第一光伏组件PV1、第二光伏组件PV2输出的直流电压、电流的滤波，其中，所述第二电容Ci1与所述第一光伏组件PV1并联连接，所述第三电容Ci2与所述第二光伏组件PV2并联连接。
具体地，本发明实施例中的光伏均衡器为一种开关电容变换器连接相邻节点的光伏均衡器，光伏发电系统使用三块光伏组件PV1、PV2、PV3，因而使用两个光伏均衡器，光伏均衡器连接到相邻光伏组件的节点上。光伏均衡器内部的功率变换电路采用开关电容变换器，光伏组件PV1、PV2分别经过电容Ci1、Ci2滤波后对应一个开关电容变换器，由功率开关管S1、S2、S3、S4、体二极管D1、D2、D3、D4、及储能电容器C1构成，功率开关管S1、S2、S3、S4及其体二极管D1、D2、D3、D4可以实现均衡功率的双向流动，C1实现能量暂存功能，并且这个变换器仅处理PV1、PV2输出的部分功率；PV2、PV3分别经过电容Ci2、Ci3滤波后对应另一个开关电容变换器，由功率开关管S5、S6、S7、S8、体二极管D5、D6、D7、D8、及储能电容器C2构成，功率开关管S5、S6、S7、S8及其体二极管D5、D6、D7、D8可以实现均衡功率的双向流动，C2实现能量暂存功能，并且这个变换器仅处理PV2、PV3输出的部分功率。两个光伏均衡器之间、及光伏均衡器与光伏逆变器之间无需任何控制信号与控制线，整个光伏发电系统无需集中控制器而实现自动功率均衡控制。光伏均衡器与光伏组件之间为并联架构，多个光伏组件首尾串联构成光伏组串，多个光伏组串接入光伏逆变器中，从而把光伏组串的直流电转换成正弦波交流电输出并且接入交流电网后实现并网发电。
可以看出，所述基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统通过设置与至少两个相邻的光伏组件并联的光伏均衡器，实现至少三个光伏组件的输出功率均衡控制，从而可消除光伏组件串联所导致的木桶效应，提高光伏发电系统的发电量。
请参阅图9，图9是本发明第五实施例提供的一种基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统的接线示意图，如图9所示，本发明实施例中，当光伏组件集合中包括第一光伏组件PV1和第二光伏组件PV2，光伏均衡器包括第一功率开关管S1、第二功率开关管S2、第三功率开关管S3、第四功率开关管S4、第一二极管D1、第二二极管D2、第三二极管D3、第四二极管D4、电感Lr1、第一电容Cr1时，
所述第一功率开关管S1和所述第一二极管D1并联连接形成的第一端口与所述第一光伏组件PV1的第一端口连接，所述第一功率开关管S1和所述第 一二极管D1并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第二功率开关管S2和所述第二二极管D2并联连接形成的第一端口、所述第一电容Cr1的第一端口连接，所述第二功率开关管S2和所述第二二极管D2并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第一光伏组件PV1的第二端口、所述第三功率开关管S3和所述第三二极管D3并联连接形成的第一端口、所述第二光伏组件PV2的第一端口连接，所述第一电容Cr1的第二端口与所述电感Lr1的第一端口连接，所述电感Lr1的第二端口与所述第三功率开关管S3和所述第三二极管D3并联连接形成的第二端口、所述第四功率开关管S4和所述第四二极管D4并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第四功率开关管S4和所述第四二极管D4并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第二光伏组件PV2的第二端口连接。
可选的，所述光伏均衡器包括通讯监测控模块，用于监测与所述光伏均衡器并联的N个光伏组件的工作状态以及实现所述N个光伏组件与电网或交流负载的通讯。
可选的，所述光伏组件集合还包括第二电容Ci1、第三电容Ci2，用于实现为所述第一光伏组件PV1、第二光伏组件PV2输出的直流电压、电流的滤波，其中，所述第二电容Ci1与所述第一光伏组件PV1并联连接，所述第三电容Ci2与所述第二光伏组件PV2并联连接。
可以理解的，本发明实施例中的光伏均衡器为一种谐振开关电容变换器连接相邻节点的光伏均衡器，如图9所示，光伏发电系统使用三块光伏组件，因而使用两个光伏均衡器，光伏均衡器连接到相邻光伏组件的节点上。光伏均衡器内部的功率变换电路采用谐振开关电容变换器，光伏组件PV1、PV2分别经过电容Ci1、Ci2滤波后对应一个谐振开关电容变换器，由功率开关管S1、S2、S3、S4、体二极管D1、D2、D3、D4、及谐振电感器Lr1与谐振电容器Cr1构成，功率开关管S1、S2、S3、S4及其体二极管D1、D2、D3、D4可以实现均衡功率的双向流动，Lr1、Cr1构成谐振电路实现软开关工作，并且这个变换器仅处理PV1、PV2输出的部分功率；PV2、PV3分别经过电容Ci2、Ci3滤波后对应另一个谐振开关电容变换器，由功率开关管S5、S6、S7、S8、体二极管D5、D6、D7、D8、及谐振电感器Lr2与谐振电容器Cr2构成，功率开关管S5、S6、S7、S8及其体二极管D5、D6、D7、D8可以实现均衡功率的双 向流动，Lr2、Cr2构成谐振电路实现软开关工作，并且这个变换器仅处理PV2、PV3输出的部分功率。两个光伏均衡器之间、及光伏均衡器与光伏逆变器之间无需任何控制信号与控制线，整个光伏发电系统无需集中控制器而实现自动功率均衡控制。光伏均衡器与光伏组件之间为并联架构，多个光伏组件首尾串联构成光伏组串，多个光伏组串接入光伏逆变器中，从而把光伏组串的直流电转换成正弦波交流电输出并且接入交流电网后实现并网发电。
可以看出，所述基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统通过设置与至少两个相邻的光伏组件并联的光伏均衡器，实现至少三个光伏组件的输出功率均衡控制，从而可消除光伏组件串联所导致的木桶效应，提高光伏发电系统的发电量。
请参阅图10，图10是本发明第六实施例提供的一种基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统的接线示意图，如图10所示，本发明实施例中，当光伏组件集合中包括第一光伏组件PV1和第二光伏组件PV2，光伏均衡器包括第一功率开关管S11、第二功率开关管S12、第三功率开关管S21、第四功率开关管S22、第一二极管D11、第二二极管D12、第三二极管D21、第四二极管D22、第一电感L1、第二电感L2时，
所述第一功率开关管S11和所述第一二极管D11并联连接形成的第一端口与所述光伏逆变器的输出端口连接，所述第一功率开关管S11和所述第一二极管D11并联连接形成的第二端口与第一电感L1的第一端口、所述第二功率开关管S12和所述第二二极管D12并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第一电感L1的第二端口与所述第一光伏组件PV1的第二端口、所述第二光伏组件PV2的第一端口连接，所述第二功率开关管S12和所述第二二极管D12并联连接形成的第二端口与所述光伏逆变器的输入端口连接；所述第三功率开关管S21和所述第三二极管D21并联连接形成的第一端口与所述光伏逆变器的输出端口连接，所述第三功率开关管S21和所述第三二极管D21并联连接形成的第二端口与第二电感L2的第一端口、所述第四功率开关管S22和所述第四二极管D22并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第二电感L2的第二端口与所述第二光伏组件PV2的第二端口连接，所述第四功率开关管S22和所述第四二二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述光伏逆变器的输入端口连接。
具体地，本发明实施例中的光伏均衡器为一种双向Buck-Boost变换器连接直流母线的光伏均衡器，如图10所示，光伏发电系统使用五块光伏组件，因而可以使用四个光伏均衡器，每个光伏均衡器的输出端连接到光伏逆变器输入端的直流母线上。光伏均衡器内部的功率变换电路采用双向Buck-Boost变换器，光伏组件PV1经过电容滤波后对应一个双向Buck-Boost变换器，由功率开关管S11、S12、体二极管D11、D12、及储能电感器L1构成，功率开关管S11、S12及其体二极管D11、D12可以实现均衡功率的双向流动，并且这个变换器仅处理PV1输出的部分功率。PV1功率低于其他组件时、光伏均衡器从直流母线吸收功率；PV1功率高于其他组件时、光伏均衡器向直流母线释放功率。其他各个双向Buck-Boost变换器的工作原理与PV1电路相同，这里不再重复说明。各个光伏均衡器之间、及光伏均衡器与光伏逆变器之间无需任何控制信号与控制线，整个光伏发电系统无需集中控制器而实现自动功率均衡控制。光伏均衡器与光伏组件之间为并联架构，多个光伏组件首尾串联构成光伏组串，多个光伏组串接入光伏逆变器中，从而把光伏组串的直流电转换成正弦波交流电输出并且接入交流电网后实现并网发电。
可选的，所述光伏均衡器包括通讯监测控模块，用于监测与所述光伏均衡器并联的N个光伏组件的工作状态以及实现所述N个光伏组件与电网或交流负载的通讯。
可选的，所述光伏组件集合还包括第二电容Ci1、第三电容Ci2，用于实现为所述第一光伏组件PV1、第二光伏组件PV2输出的直流电压、电流的滤波，其中，所述第二电容Ci1与所述第一光伏组件PV1并联连接，所述第三电容Ci2与所述第二光伏组件PV2并联连接。
可以看出，所述基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统通过设置与至少两个相邻的光伏组件并联的光伏均衡器，实现至少三个光伏组件的输出功率均衡控制，从而可消除光伏组件串联所导致的木桶效应，提高光伏发电系统的发电量。
请参阅图11，图11是本发明第七实施例提供的一种基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统的接线示意图，如图11所示，本发明实施例中，当光伏组件集合中包括第一光伏组件PV1和第二光伏组件PV2，光伏均衡器包括第一功率开 关管S11、第二功率开关管S12、第三功率开关管S21、第四功率开关管S22、第一二极管D11、第二二极管D12、第三二极管D21、第四二极管D22、第一隔离变压器G1以及第二隔离变压器G2时，
所述第一隔离变压器G1的第一端口与所述第一光伏组件PV1的第一端口连接，所述第一隔离变压器G1的第二端口与所述第一功率开关管S11和所述第一二极管D11并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第一功率开关管S11和所述第一二极管D11并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第一光伏组件PV1的第二端口连接，所述第一隔离变压器G1的第三端口与所述光伏逆变器的输出端口连接，所述第一隔离变压器G1的第四端口与所述第二功率开关管S12和所述第二二极管D12并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第二功率开关管S12和所述第二二极管D12并联连接形成的第二端口连接所述光伏逆变器的输入端口；
所述第二隔离变压器G2的第一端口与所述第二光伏组件PV2的第一端口、所述第一光伏组件PV1的第二端口连接，所述第二隔离变压器G2的第二端口与所述第三功率开关管S21和所述第三二极管D21并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第三功率开关管S21和所述第三二极管D21并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第二光伏组件PV2的第二端口连接，所述第二隔离变压器G2的第三端口与所述光伏逆变器的输出端口连接，所述第二隔离变压器G2的第四端口与所述第四功率开关管S22和所述第四二极管D22并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第四功率开关管S22和所述第四二极管D22并联连接形成的第二端口连接所述光伏逆变器的输入端口。
具体地，本发明实施例中的光伏均衡器为一种双向隔离型DC/DC变换器连接直流母线的光伏均衡器，每个光伏均衡器的输出端连接到光伏逆变器输入端的直流母线上。光伏均衡器内部的功率变换电路采用双向隔离型DC/DC变换器，光伏组件PV1经过电容滤波后对应一个双向隔离型DC/DC变换器，由功率开关管S11、S12、体二极管D11、D12、及隔离变压器构成，功率开关管S11、S12及其体二极管D11、D12可以实现均衡功率的双向流动，变压器实现输入、输出的隔离作用，并且这个变换器仅处理PV1输出的部分功率。PV1功率低于其他组件时、光伏均衡器从直流母线吸收功率；PV1功率高于其他组 件时、光伏均衡器向直流母线释放功率。其他各个双向隔离型DC/DC变换器的工作原理与PV1电路相同，这里不再重复说明。各个光伏均衡器之间、及光伏均衡器与光伏逆变器之间无需任何控制信号与控制线，整个光伏发电系统无需集中控制器而实现自动功率均衡控制。光伏均衡器与光伏组件之间为并联架构，多个光伏组件首尾串联构成光伏组串，多个光伏组串接入光伏逆变器中，从而把光伏组串的直流电转换成正弦波交流电输出并且接入交流电网后实现并网发电。
可以理解的，可选的，所述光伏均衡器包括通讯监测控模块，用于监测与所述光伏均衡器并联的N个光伏组件的工作状态以及实现所述N个光伏组件与电网或交流负载的通讯。
可选的，所述光伏组件集合还包括第二电容Ci1、第三电容Ci2，用于实现为所述第一光伏组件PV1、第二光伏组件PV2输出的直流电压、电流的滤波，其中，所述第二电容Ci1与所述第一光伏组件PV1并联连接，所述第三电容Ci2与所述第二光伏组件PV2并联连接。
可以看出，所述基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统通过设置与至少两个相邻的光伏组件并联的光伏均衡器，实现至少三个光伏组件的输出功率均衡控制，从而可消除光伏组件串联所导致的木桶效应，提高光伏发电系统的发电量。
请参阅图12，图12是本发明第八实施例提供的一种基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统的接线示意图，如图12所示，本发明实施例中，当光伏组件集合中包括第一光伏组件PV1和第二光伏组件PV2，光伏均衡器包括第一功率开关管S11、第二功率开关管S12、第三功率开关管S21、第四功率开关管S22、第一二极管D11、第二二极管D12、第三二极管D21、第四二极管D22、第一隔离变压器G1以及第二隔离变压器G2时，
所述第一隔离变压器G1的第一端口与所述第一光伏组件PV1的第一端口连接，所述第一隔离变压器G1的第二端口与所述第一功率开关管S11和所述第一二极管D11并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第一功率开关管S11和所述第一二极管D11并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第一光伏组件PV1的第二端口连接，所述第一隔离变压器G1的第三端口与所述第二隔离变压器G2 的第三端口连接，所述第一隔离变压器G1的第四端口与所述第二功率开关管S12和所述第二二极管D12并联连接形成的第一端口连接；
所述第二隔离变压器G2的第一端口与所述第二光伏组件PV2的第一端口、所述第一光伏组件PV1的第二端口连接，所述第二隔离变压器G2的第二端口与所述第三功率开关管S21和所述第三二极管D21并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第三功率开关管S21和所述第三二极管D21并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第二光伏组件PV2的第二端口连接，所述第二隔离变压器G2的第四端口与所述第四功率开关管S22和所述第四二极管D22并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第二功率开关管S12和所述第二二极管D12并联连接形成的第二端口与所述光伏逆变器的输入端口所述第四功率开关管S22和所述第四二极管D22并联连接形成的第二端口连接。
具体地，本发明实施例中的光伏均衡器为一种双向隔离型DC/DC变换器连接直流均衡母线的光伏均衡器，如图12所示，每个光伏均衡器的输出端连接到中间直流均衡母线上。光伏均衡器内部的功率变换电路采用双向隔离型DC/DC变换器，光伏组件PV1经过电容滤波后对应一个双向隔离型DC/DC变换器，由功率开关管S11、S12、体二极管D11、D12、及隔离变压器构成，功率开关管S11、S12及其体二极管D11、D12可以实现均衡功率的双向流动，变压器实现输入、输出的隔离作用，并且这个变换器仅处理PV1输出的部分功率。PV1功率低于其他组件时、光伏均衡器从中间直流均衡母线吸收功率；PV1功率高于其他组件时、光伏均衡器向中间直流均衡母线释放功率。其他各个双向隔离型DC/DC变换器的工作原理与PV1电路相同，这里不再重复说明。各个光伏均衡器之间、及光伏均衡器与光伏逆变器之间无需任何控制信号与控制线，整个光伏发电系统无需集中控制器而实现自动功率均衡控制。光伏均衡器与光伏组件之间为并联架构，多个光伏组件首尾串联构成光伏组串，多个光伏组串接入光伏逆变器中，从而把光伏组串的直流电转换成正弦波交流电输出并且接入交流电网后实现并网发电。
可选的，所述光伏均衡器包括通讯监测控模块，用于监测与所述光伏均衡器并联的N个光伏组件的工作状态以及实现所述N个光伏组件与电网或交流负载的通讯。
可选的，所述光伏组件集合还包括第二电容Ci1、第三电容Ci2，用于实现为所述第一光伏组件PV1、第二光伏组件PV2输出的直流电压、电流的滤波，其中，所述第二电容Ci1与所述第一光伏组件PV1并联连接，所述第三电容Ci2与所述第二光伏组件PV2并联连接。
可以看出，所述基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统通过设置与至少两个相邻的光伏组件并联的光伏均衡器，实现至少三个光伏组件的输出功率均衡控制，从而可消除光伏组件串联所导致的木桶效应，提高光伏发电系统的发电量。
请参阅图13，图13是本发明第九实施例提供的一种基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统的接线示意图，如图13所示，本发明实施例中，当光伏组件集合中包括第一光伏组件PV1和第二光伏组件PV2，光伏均衡器包括第一功率开关管S11、第二功率开关管S12、第一二极管D11、第二二极管D12、第一隔离变压器G1以及第二隔离变压器G2时，
所述第一隔离变压器G1的第一端口与所述第一光伏组件PV1的第一端口连接，所述第一隔离变压器G1的第二端口与所述第一功率开关管S11和所述第一二极管D11并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第一功率开关管S11和所述第一二极管D11并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第一光伏组件PV1的第二端口连接；
所述第二隔离变压器G2的第一端口与所述第二光伏组件PV2的第一端口、所述第一光伏组件PV1的第二端口连接，所述第二隔离变压器G2的第二端口与所述第二功率开关管S12和所述第二二极管D12并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第二功率开关管S12和所述第二二极管D12并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第二光伏组件PV2的第二端口连接，所述第一隔离变压器G1的第三端口与所述第二隔离变压器G2的第三端口连接，所述第一隔离变压器G1的第四端口与所述第二隔离变压器G2的第四端口连接。
具体地，本发明实施例中的光伏均衡器为一种双向隔离型功率变换器连接交流均衡母线的光伏均衡器，如图13所示，每个光伏均衡器的输出端连接到中间交流均衡母线上。光伏均衡器内部的功率变换电路采用双向隔离型功率变换器，光伏组件PV1经过电容滤波后对应一个双向隔离型功率变换器，由功 率开关管S11、体二极管D11、及隔离变压器构成，功率开关管S11及其体二极管D11可以实现均衡功率的双向流动，变压器实现输入、输出的隔离作用，并且这个变换器仅处理PV1输出的部分功率。PV1功率低于其他组件时，光伏均衡器从中间交流均衡母线吸收功率；PV1功率高于其他组件时，通过隔离变压器的电压源作用、使其他组件的功率流反向，光伏均衡器从而向中间交流均衡母线释放功率。其他各个双向隔离型功率变换器的工作原理与PV1电路相同，这里不再重复说明。各个光伏均衡器之间、及光伏均衡器与光伏逆变器之间无需任何控制信号与控制线，整个光伏发电系统无需集中控制器而实现自动功率均衡控制。光伏均衡器与光伏组件之间为并联架构，多个光伏组件首尾串联构成光伏组串，多个光伏组串接入光伏逆变器中，从而把光伏组串的直流电转换成正弦波交流电输出并且接入交流电网后实现并网发电。
可选的，所述光伏均衡器包括通讯监测控模块，用于监测与所述光伏均衡器并联的N个光伏组件的工作状态以及实现所述N个光伏组件与电网或交流负载的通讯。
可选的，所述光伏组件集合还包括第二电容Ci1、第三电容Ci2，用于实现为所述第一光伏组件PV1、第二光伏组件PV2输出的直流电压、电流的滤波，其中，所述第二电容Ci1与所述第一光伏组件PV1并联连接，所述第三电容Ci2与所述第二光伏组件PV2并联连接。
可以看出，所述基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统通过设置与至少两个相邻的光伏组件并联的光伏均衡器，实现至少三个光伏组件的输出功率均衡控制，从而可消除光伏组件串联所导致的木桶效应，提高光伏发电系统的发电量。
另外，本发明实施例还提供一种光伏发电装置，包括如本发明实施例一至实施例八中所述的任意一种基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统，可以理解的，所述光伏发电装置为光伏并网发电装置、光伏离网发电装置或者光伏储能发电装置。
本发明实施例中，所述基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统通过设置与至少两个相邻的光伏组件并联的光伏均衡器，实现所述N个光伏组件的输出功率均衡控制，从而可消除光伏组件串联所导致的木桶效应，提高光伏发电系统的发 电量。
以上所揭露的仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，当然不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围，本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例的全部或部分流程，并依本发明权利要求所作的等同变化，仍属于发明所涵盖的范围。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统，其特征在于，包括至少一个光伏发电子系统；
    其中，所述光伏发电子系统包括：光伏逆变器、以及与所述光伏逆变器电连接的至少一个光伏组串；
    其中，所述光伏组串包括N个光伏组件和M个光伏均衡器，所述N为大于或等于3的整数，所述M为小于N正整数；所述N个光伏组件串联连接，相邻的至少一个光伏组件形成1个光伏组件子集合，所述N个光伏组件形成M+1个子集合，相邻的两个光伏组件子集合形成一个光伏组件集合，每个光伏均衡器与一个光伏组件集合并联连接；相邻的光伏组件集合包括一个相同的光伏组件子集合，每个光伏组件子集合中的光伏组件的功率之和相同；所述光伏均衡器用于实现所述N个光伏组件的输出功率均衡控制；
    所述N个光伏组件输出的直流电压串联叠加后形成总输出直流电压，所述总输出直流电压连接至所述光伏逆变器，并通过所述光伏逆变器转换为正弦波交流电压并入电网或输出至交流负载。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统，其特征在于，当光伏组件集合中包括第一光伏组件和第二光伏组件，光伏均衡器包括第一功率开关管、第二功率开关管、第一二极管和第二二极管，电感时，
    所述第一功率开关管和所述第一二极管并联连接形成的第一端口与所述第一光伏组件的第一端口连接，所述第一功率开关管和所述第一二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述电感的第一端口、所述第二功率开关管和所述第二二极管并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述电感的第二端口与所述第一光伏组件的第二端口、所述第二光伏组件的第一端口连接，所述第二功率开关管和所述第二二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第二光伏组件的第二端口连接。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统，其特征在于，当光伏组件集合中包括第一光伏组件和第二光伏组件，光伏均衡器包括第一功 率开关管、第二功率开关管、第三功率开关管、第四功率开关管、第一二极管、第二二极管、第三二极管、第四二极管、第一电容时，
    所述第一功率开关管和所述第一二极管并联连接形成的第一端口与所述第一光伏组件的第一端口连接，所述第一功率开关管和所述第一二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第二功率开关管和所述第二二极管并联连接形成的第一端口、所述第一电容的第一端口连接，所述第二功率开关管和所述第二二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第一光伏组件的第二端口、所述第三功率开关管和所述第三二极管并联连接形成的第一端口、所述第二光伏组件的第一端口连接，所述第三功率开关管和所述第三二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第四功率开关管和所述第四二极管并联连接形成的第一端口、所述第一电容的第二端口连接，所述第四功率开关管和所述第四二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第二光伏组件的第二端口连接。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统，其特征在于，当光伏组件集合中包括第一光伏组件和第二光伏组件，光伏均衡器包括第一功率开关管、第二功率开关管、第三功率开关管、第四功率开关管、第一二极管、第二二极管、第三二极管、第四二极管、电感、第一电容时，
    所述第一功率开关管和所述第一二极管并联连接形成的第一端口与所述第一光伏组件的第一端口连接，所述第一功率开关管和所述第一二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第二功率开关管和所述第二二极管并联连接形成的第一端口、所述第一电容的第一端口连接，所述第二功率开关管和所述第二二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第一光伏组件的第二端口、所述第三功率开关管和所述第三二极管并联连接形成的第一端口、所述第二光伏组件的第一端口连接，所述第一电容的第二端口与所述电感的第一端口连接，所述电感的第二端口与所述第三功率开关管和所述第三二极管并联连接形成的第二端口、所述第四功率开关管和所述第四二极管并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第四功率开关管和所述第四二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第二光伏组件的第二端口连接。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统，其特征在于，当光伏组件集合中包括第一光伏组件和第二光伏组件，光伏均衡器包括第一功率开关管、第二功率开关管、第三功率开关管、第四功率开关管、第一二极管、第二二极管、第三二极管、第四二极管，
    所述第一功率开关管和所述第一二极管并联连接形成的第一端口与所述光伏逆变器的输出端口连接，所述第一功率开关管和所述第一二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与第一电感的第一端口、所述第二功率开关管和所述第二二极管并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第一电感的第二端口与所述第一光伏组件的第二端口、所述第二光伏组件的第一端口连接，所述第二功率开关管和所述第二二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述光伏逆变器的输入端口连接；所述第三功率开关管和所述第三二极管并联连接形成的第一端口与所述光伏逆变器的输出端口连接，所述第三功率开关管和所述第三二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与第二电感的第一端口、所述第四功率开关管和所述第四二极管并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第二电感的第二端口与所述第二光伏组件的第二端口连接，所述第四功率开关管和所述第四二二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述光伏逆变器的输入端口连接。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统，其特征在于，当光伏组件集合中包括第一光伏组件和第二光伏组件，光伏均衡器包括第一功率开关管、第二功率开关管、第三功率开关管、第四功率开关管、第一二极管、第二二极管、第三二极管、第四二极管、第一隔离变压器以及第二隔离变压器时，
    所述第一隔离变压器的第一端口与所述第一光伏组件的第一端口连接，所述第一隔离变压器的第二端口与所述第一功率开关管和所述第一二极管并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第一功率开关管和所述第一二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第一光伏组件的第二端口连接，所述第一隔离变压器的第三端口与所述光伏逆变器的输出端口连接，所述第一隔离变压器的第四端口与所述第二功率开关管和所述第二二极管并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第二功率开关管和所述第二二极管并联连接形成的第二端口连接所述光伏逆变 器的输入端口；
    所述第二隔离变压器的第一端口与所述第二光伏组件的第一端口、所述第一光伏组件的第二端口连接，所述第二隔离变压器的第二端口与所述第三功率开关管和所述第三二极管并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第三功率开关管和所述第三二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第二光伏组件的第二端口连接，所述第二隔离变压器的第三端口与所述光伏逆变器的输出端口连接，所述第二隔离变压器的第四端口与所述第四功率开关管和所述第四二极管并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第四功率开关管和所述第四二极管并联连接形成的第二端口连接所述光伏逆变器的输入端口。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统，其特征在于，当光伏组件集合中包括第一光伏组件和第二光伏组件，光伏均衡器包括第一功率开关管、第二功率开关管、第三功率开关管、第四功率开关管、第一二极管、第二二极管、第三二极管、第四二极管、第一隔离变压器以及第二隔离变压器时，
    所述第一隔离变压器的第一端口与所述第一光伏组件的第一端口连接，所述第一隔离变压器的第二端口与所述第一功率开关管和所述第一二极管并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第一功率开关管和所述第一二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第一光伏组件的第二端口连接，所述第一隔离变压器的第三端口与所述第二隔离变压器的第三端口连接，所述第一隔离变压器的第四端口与所述第二功率开关管和所述第二二极管并联连接形成的第一端口连接；
    所述第二隔离变压器的第一端口与所述第二光伏组件的第一端口、所述第一光伏组件的第二端口连接，所述第二隔离变压器的第二端口与所述第三功率开关管和所述第三二极管并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第三功率开关管和所述第三二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第二光伏组件的第二端口连接，所述第二隔离变压器的第四端口与所述第四功率开关管和所述第四二极管并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第二功率开关管和所述第二二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述光伏逆变器的输入端口所述第四功率开关管和所述第四二极管并联连接形成的第二端口连接。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统，其特征在于，当光伏组件集合中包括第一光伏组件和第二光伏组件，光伏均衡器包括第一功率开关管、第二功率开关管、第一二极管、第二二极管、第一隔离变压器以及第二隔离变压器时，
    所述第一隔离变压器的第一端口与所述第一光伏组件的第一端口连接，所述第一隔离变压器的第二端口与所述第一功率开关管和所述第一二极管并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第一功率开关管和所述第一二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第一光伏组件的第二端口连接；
    所述第二隔离变压器的第一端口与所述第二光伏组件的第一端口、所述第一光伏组件的第二端口连接，所述第二隔离变压器的第二端口与所述第二功率开关管和所述第二二极管并联连接形成的第一端口连接，所述第二功率开关管和所述第二二极管并联连接形成的第二端口与所述第二光伏组件的第二端口连接，所述第一隔离变压器的第三端口与所述第二隔离变压器的第三端口连接，所述第一隔离变压器的第四端口与所述第二隔离变压器的第四端口连接。
  9. 如权利要求1至8任一项所述的基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统，其特征在于，所述光伏均衡器包括通讯监控模块，用于监测与所述光伏均衡器并联的N个光伏组件的工作状态以及实现所述N个光伏组件与电网或交流负载的通讯。
  10. 如权利要求2至8任一项所述的基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统，其特征在于，所述光伏组件集合还包括第二电容、第三电容，用于实现为所述第一光伏组件、第二光伏组件输出的直流电压、电流的滤波，其中，所述第二电容与所述第一光伏组件并联连接，所述第三电容与所述第二光伏组件并联连接。
  11. 一种光伏发电装置，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1-10任意一项所述的基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的光伏发电装置，其特征在于，所述光伏发电装置为光伏并网发电装置、光伏离网发电装置或者光伏储能发电装置。
PCT/CN2016/083900 2016-05-30 2016-05-30 基于光伏均衡器的光伏发电系统及光伏发电装置 WO2017206020A1 (zh)

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