Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
  • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
  • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
  • G06K7/10544—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation by scanning of the records by radiation in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum
  • G06K7/10712—Fixed beam scanning
  • G06K7/10722—Photodetector array or CCD scanning
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
  • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
  • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
  • G06K7/10544—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation by scanning of the records by radiation in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum
  • G06K7/10712—Fixed beam scanning
  • G06K7/10722—Photodetector array or CCD scanning
  • G06K7/10732—Light sources
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
  • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
  • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
  • G06K7/10544—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation by scanning of the records by radiation in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum
  • G06K7/10792—Special measures in relation to the object to be scanned
  • G06K7/10801—Multidistance reading
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
  • H04N1/00795—Reading arrangements
  • H04N1/00798—Circuits or arrangements for the control thereof, e.g. using a programmed control device or according to a measured quantity
  • H04N1/00816—Determining the reading area, e.g. eliminating reading of margins
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
  • H04N1/024—Details of scanning heads ; Means for illuminating the original
  • H04N1/02409—Focusing, i.e. adjusting the focus of the scanning head
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
  • H04N1/024—Details of scanning heads ; Means for illuminating the original
  • H04N1/028—Details of scanning heads ; Means for illuminating the original for picture information pick-up
  • H04N1/02815—Means for illuminating the original, not specific to a particular type of pick-up head

Definitions

• the present invention relates generally to an arrangement for, and a method of, determining a distance to a target to be read by image capture over a range of working distances, and/or expeditiously adjusting one or more reading parameters of an imaging reader operative for reading targets by image capture over a range of working distances based on target distance, especially in an imaging reader having an aiming light assembly offset from an imaging assembly.
• a handheld imaging reader includes a housing having a handle held by an operator, and an imaging module, also known as a scan engine, supported by the housing and aimed by the operator at a target during reading.
• an imaging module also known as a scan engine
• the imaging module includes an imaging assembly having a solid-state imager or imaging sensor with an imaging array of photocells or light sensors, which correspond to image elements or pixels in an imaging field of view of the imager, and an imaging lens assembly for capturing return light scattered and/or reflected from the target being imaged, and for projecting the return light onto the array to initiate capture of an image of the target.
• an imager may include a one- or two-dimensional charge coupled device (CCD) or a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) device and associated circuits for producing and processing electronic signals corresponding to a one- or two-dimensional array of pixel data over the imaging field of view.
• CCD charge coupled device
• CMOS complementary metal oxide semiconductor
• the imaging module In order to increase the amount of the return light captured by the array, for example, in dimly lit environments, the imaging module generally also includes an illuminating light assembly for illuminating the target, preferably with a variable level of illumination light for reflection and scattering from the target.
• An aiming light assembly may also be supported by the imaging module for projecting a visible aiming light spot on the target.
• a near imager may be provided in the reader for imaging and focusing on close-in targets over a relatively wider imaging field of view
• a far imager may also be provided in the same reader for imaging and focusing on far-out targets over a relatively narrower imaging field of view.
• at least one of the imagers, usually the far imager has a variable focus, such as a movable lens assembly or a variable focus element.
• the known imaging reader is generally satisfactory for its intended purpose, it can be challenging for the reader to expeditiously select the correct imager to read a target, to expeditiously select the correct gain and/or exposure for the selected imager, as well as to expeditiously select a correct level of illumination to illuminate the target that can be located anywhere in the extended working distance range. It can also be challenging to focus the correct imager over the extended working distance range. Contrast-based automatic focusing, which is common in consumer cameras on smartphones, is notoriously slow, because it relies on capturing and processing many images over many successive frames over a relatively long time period to determine the best focus position. Such sluggish performance is not acceptable in many industrial applications where a fast-acting, aggressive, and dynamic reader is desired.
• FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a portable, handheld imaging reader operative for determining a target distance for use in expeditiously selecting the correct imager and/or imager gain and/or imager exposure and/or illumination level, and/or in expeditiously focusing the correct imager, in accordance with this disclosure.
• FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of various components, including imaging, illuminating, and aiming light assemblies supported on an imaging module that is mounted inside the reader of FIG. 1.
• FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the imaging module of FIG. 2 in isolation.
• FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken on line 4—4 of FIG. 2.
• FIG. 5 is a view depicting an aiming spot on a close-in target for the reader of FIG. 1.
• FIG. 6 is a view depicting an aiming spot on a far-out target for the reader of FIG. 1.
• FIG. 7 is a view of an image containing the aiming spot during a coarse determination of the position of the aiming spot in the image.
• FIG. 8 is a view of an image containing the aiming spot during a fine determination of the position of the aiming spot in the image.
• FIG. 9 is a flow chart depicting steps performed in a method of determining the target distance in accordance with this disclosure.
• One aspect of the present disclosure relates to an arrangement for determining a distance to a target to be read by image capture over a range of working distances and/or for adjusting at least one reading parameter of an imaging reader for reading targets by image capture over a range of working distances.
• the arrangement includes an energizable aiming assembly for directing an aiming light spot along an aiming axis to the target when energized, and a controller for energizing and deenergizing the aiming assembly.
• the arrangement also includes an imaging assembly for capturing a first image of the target containing the aiming light spot with the aiming assembly energized, and for capturing a second image of the target without the aiming light spot with the aiming assembly deenergized.
• Each image is captured in a frame over a field of view having an imaging axis offset from the aiming axis.
• An image pre-processor compares first image data from the first image with second image data from the second image over a common fractional region of both frames to obtain a position of the aiming light spot in the first image, and also determines the distance to the target based on the position of the aiming light spot in the first image.
• the controller is further operative for adjusting the at least one reading parameter based on the determined target distance.
• the image pre-processor subdivides the common fractional region into a plurality of sub- frames, and compares the first and second image data in each sub-frame to obtain the position of the aiming light spot in at least one of the sub-frames. Thereafter, during a fine determination of the target distance, the image pre-processor subdivides an area around the position of the aiming light spot into a plurality of sub-regions, and compares the first and second image data in each sub-region to obtain the position of the aiming light spot in at least one of the sub-regions.
• the imaging assembly captures each image as an array of pixels having brightness values, and the image pre-processor averages the brightness values in each sub-frame and in each sub- region to obtain an average brightness value, and compares differences between the average brightness values in each sub-frame and each sub-region of the first and second images to obtain the position of the aiming light spot based on the largest difference between the average brightness values in at least one of the sub-frames and sub-regions.
• the arrangement is preferably incorporated in an imaging module, also known as a scan engine, mounted in the imaging reader, especially a handheld reader, having a near imager for imaging close-in targets over a relatively wider imaging field of view, and a far imager for imaging far-out targets over a relatively narrower imaging field of view.
• the aforementioned imaging assembly preferably includes the far imager, which has a variable focus, such as a movable lens assembly or a variable focus element.
• the reader also preferably has an illuminating light assembly for generating a variable level of illumination light.
• the determined target distance can be used for adjusting one or more reading parameters of the imaging reader.
• the determined target distance can be employed to automatically select which of the imagers are to be used to image the target, and/or to automatically adjust the gain of the selected imager, and/or to automatically adjust the exposure of the selected imager, and/or to automatically adjust the illumination light level, and/or to automatically adjust the focus of the selected imager.
• the focusing disclosed herein is more expeditious, because the determination of the target distance is performed in sub-frames of a pair of partial images, as well as in sub-regions of the sub-frames.
• Still another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method of determining a distance to a target to be read by image capture over a range of working distances and/or adjusting at least one reading parameter of an imaging reader for reading targets by image capture over a range of working distances.
• the method is performed by directing an aiming light spot along an aiming axis to the target, and by subsequently not directing the aiming light spot to the target.
• the method is further performed by capturing a first image of the target containing the aiming light spot, capturing a second image of the target without the aiming light spot, and capturing each image in a frame over a field of view having an imaging axis offset from the aiming axis.
• the method is still further performed by comparing first image data from the first image with second image data from the second image over a common fractional region of both frames to obtain a position of the aiming light spot in the first image, and by determining the distance to the target based on the position of the aiming light spot in the first image.
• the method is yet further performed by adjusting the at least one reading parameter based on the determined target distance.
• Reference numeral 30 in FIG. 1 generally identifies an ergonomic imaging reader configured as a gun-shaped housing having an upper barrel or body 32 and a lower handle 28 tilted rearwardly away from the body 32 at an angle of inclination, for example, fifteen degrees, relative to the vertical.
• a light-transmissive window 26 is located adjacent the front or nose of the body 32 and is preferably also tilted at an angle of inclination, for example, fifteen degrees, relative to the vertical.
• the imaging reader 30 is held in an operator's hand and used in a handheld mode in which a trigger 34 is manually depressed to initiate imaging of targets, especially bar code symbols, to be read in an extended range of working distances, for example, on the order of thirty to fifty feet, away from the window 26. Housings of other configurations, as well as readers operated in the hands-free mode, could also be employed.
• an imaging module 10 is mounted in the reader 30 behind the window 26 and is operative, as described below, for reading targets by image capture through the window 26 over an extended range of working distances away from the module 10.
• a target may be located anywhere in a working range of distances between a close-in working distance (WD1) and a far-out working distance (WD2).
• WD1 is either at, or about eighteen inches away, from the window 26, and WD2 is much further away, for example, over about sixty inches away from the window 26.
• the module 10 includes an imaging assembly that has a near imaging sensor or imager 12, and a near imaging lens assembly 16 for capturing return light over a generally rectangular, relatively wide imaging field of view 20, e.g., about thirty degrees, from a near target located in a close-in region of the range, e.g., from about zero inches to about eighteen inches away from the window 26, and for projecting the captured return light onto the near imager 12, as well as a far imaging sensor or imager 14, and a far imaging lens assembly 18 for capturing return light over a generally rectangular, relatively narrow imaging field of view 22, e.g., about sixteen degrees, from a far target located in a far-out region of the range, e.g., greater than about sixty inches away from the window 26, and for projecting the captured return light onto the far imager 14.
• a near imaging sensor or imager 12 for capturing return light over a generally rectangular, relatively wide imaging field of view 20 e.g., about thirty degrees, from a near target located in a close-in region of
• Each imager 12, 14 is a solid-state device, for example, a CCD or a CMOS imager having a one-dimensional array of addressable image sensors or pixels arranged in a single, linear row, or preferably a two-dimensional array of such sensors arranged in mutually orthogonal rows and columns, and operative for detecting return light captured by the respective imaging lens assemblies 16, 18 along respective near and far imaging axes 24, 36 through the window 26.
• Each imaging lens assembly is advantageously a Cooke triplet. As illustrated in FIG. 4, the near imaging lens assembly 16 has a fixed focus, and the far imaging lens assembly 18 has a variable focus due to the addition of a variable focus element 38 or a movable lens assembly.
• an illuminating light assembly is also supported by the imaging module 10 and includes an illumination light source, e.g., at least one light emitting diode (LED) 40, stationarily mounted on an optical axis 42, and an illuminating lens assembly that includes an illuminating lens 44 also centered on the optical axis 42.
• the illuminating light assembly is shared by both imagers 12, 14 and is operative for emitting illumination light at a variable illumination level.
• an aiming light assembly is also supported by the imaging module 10 and includes an aiming light source 46, e.g., a laser, stationarily mounted on an aiming axis 48, and an aiming lens 50 centered on the aiming axis 48.
• the aiming lens 50 may include a diffractive or a refractive optical element, and is operative for projecting a visible aiming light pattern along the aiming axis 48 on the target prior to reading.
• the aiming light pattern includes, as shown in FIGs. 5-6, an aiming light spot 102, preferably of generally circular shape.
• the imagers 12, 14, the LED 40 and the laser 46 are operatively connected to a controller or programmed microprocessor 52 operative for controlling the operation of these components.
• a memory 54 is connected and accessible to the controller 52.
• the controller 52 is the same as the one used for processing the return light from the targets and for decoding the captured target images.
• the image preprocessor 56 may, in some applications, be integrated with the controller 52.
• the reader 30 can expeditiously select the correct imager 12 or 14 to read a target, to expeditiously select the correct gain and/or exposure for the selected imager, as well as to select a correct level of illumination from the LED 40 to illuminate the target that can be located anywhere in the extended working distance range. It can also be challenging to focus the selected imager over the extended working distance range. Contrast-based automatic focusing, which relies on capturing and processing many images over many successive frames over a relatively long time period to determine the best focus position, is notoriously slow.
• One aspect of this disclosure is directed to enhancing reader performance by operating the aiming light assembly as both a light meter and as a rangefinder to determine a distance to the target, and then selecting the correct imager 12 or 14, and/or selecting the correct gain and/or exposure for the selected imager, and/or selecting the correct illumination from the LED 40, and/or focusing the selected imager based on the determined distance.
• the aiming axis 48 is offset from the near and far imaging axes 24, 36 so that the resulting parallax between the aiming spot 102 on the aiming axis 48 and one of the near and far imaging axes 24, 36 provides target distance information. More particularly, the parallax between the aiming axis 48 and either one of the near and far imaging axes 24, 36 provides range information from the pixel position of the aiming spot 102 on one of the imaging sensor arrays. It is preferred to use the imaging axis 36 of the far imager 14 by default, because the parallax error will be greater for the far imager 14 than for the near imager 12. In a preferred embodiment, the distance between the aiming axis 48 and the far imaging axis 36 on the module 10 is about 23 millimeters.
• a target configured as a symbol 100 located in a close-in region of the range is contained in the narrow field of view 22 of the far imager 14, and preferably the imaging axis 36 is approximately centered in the narrow field of view 22.
• the same symbol 100 located in a far-out region of the range is also contained in the narrow field of view 22 of the far imager 14, and preferably the imaging axis 36 is again approximately centered in the narrow field of view 22.
• the apparent size of the symbol 100 is greater in FIG. 5 than in FIG. 6.
• the symbol 100 is off-center in FIG. 5, and is more centered in FIG. 6, in the narrow imaging field of view 22.
• the aiming spot 102 directed onto the symbol 100 would directly overlie the imaging axis 36.
• the aiming spot 102 grows larger and larger in area, as shown in FIG. 5, and moves away from the imaging axis 36 along an inclined trajectory 104.
• the working distance of the symbol 100 can be determined.
• the spacing between the aiming spot 102 and the imaging axis 36 is proportional to the reciprocal of the working distance.
• the position of the aiming spot 102 along the trajectory 104 is calibrated in advance during reader manufacture.
• the far imager 14 captures images of the symbol 100 at a certain resolution, in this illustrated case, a two- dimensional resolution of 800 rows of pixels in height by 1280 columns of pixels in width.
• the aforementioned image pre-processor 56 is used to analyze the images captured by the far imager 14 in order to determine the position of the aiming spot 102.
• the image pre-processor 56 is preferably incorporated in a low power, low processing device, preferably without a frame buffer to store images.
• the image pre-processor 56 is not tasked with analyzing each entire captured image, but instead, only analyzes a fractional region of each captured image, especially the fractional region in which the aiming spot 102 is expected to appear along the trajectory 104.
• the controller 52 energizes the aiming laser 46 to direct the aiming spot 102 on the symbol 100.
• the far imager 14 captures a first, entire or preferably partial, image of the symbol 100 with the aiming spot 102 thereon in a first frame.
• the image pre-processor 56 only analyzes a fractional region of the first image in the first frame. As shown in FIG. 7, the image pre-processor 56 does not analyze the pixels in row 0 to about row 400, or the pixels in about row 560 to row 800, or the pixels in column 0 to about column 640, because the aiming spot 102 is not expected to be there, and there is no reason to waste processing power or time in analyzing pixels where the aiming spot 102 will not be present.
• the fractional region or remaining area contains only about 160 rows of the original 800 rows of the full first image, and can thus be captured and analyzed much faster than the full first image.
• the image pre-processor 56 subdivides the remaining area of the first frame into a matrix of sub-frames or coarse zones. As shown in FIG. 7, the remaining area is subdivided into sixteen, generally rectangular sub-frames, e.g., four rows by four columns. The sub-frames need not be of equal height, or width, or area. It will be understood that the remaining area could be subdivided into any number of sub- frames. The number of the sub-frames is dependent on the precision desired in initially coarsely locating the aiming spot 102 in the sub-frames.
• the image pre-processor 56 next acquires image data from each of the sub- frames. More particularly, the tonal or brightness values of all the pixels in each sub- frame are averaged to obtain an average brightness value. The image pre-processor 56 obtains a matrix of sixteen average brightness values, one for each sub-frame. [0037] Thereupon, the controller 52 deenergizes the aiming laser 46, and the far imager 14 captures a second, entire or preferably partial, image of the symbol 100 without the aiming spot 102 thereon in a second frame. As before, the image preprocessor 56 only analyzes a fractional region of the second image in the second frame, and it is the same fractional region as was used in the first image.
• the image pre-processor 56 acquires brightness values of all the pixels in each sub- frame of the same fractional region, averages the brightness values in each sub-frame of the same fractional region to obtain average brightness values, and obtains a matrix of sixteen average brightness values, one for each sub-frame.
• the matrix of the sixteen average brightness values with the aiming assembly deenergized is shown below on the left, and the matrix of the sixteen average brightness values with the aiming assembly energized is shown below on the right:
• the image pre-processor 56 next compares the two matrices by subtracting the average brightness value for each sub-frame, thereby obtaining, in this numerical example, the following difference matrix of brightness difference values:
• the image pre-processor 56 can subdivide an area around the identified location of the aiming spot 102 into a plurality of sub-regions. As shown in FIG. 8, the image pre-processor 56 subdivides this area into a matrix of sub-regions or fine zones, for example, into sixteen, generally rectangular sub-regions, e.g., four rows by four columns. The sub-regions need not be of equal height, or width, or area. It will be understood that this area could be subdivided into any number of sub-regions. The number of the sub-regions is dependent on the precision desired in subsequently finely locating the aiming spot 102 in the sub-regions.
• the controller 52 energizes and deenergizes the aiming laser 46
• the processor 56 obtains a matrix of sixteen average brightness values, one for each sub-region with the aiming laser 46 energized, and another matrix of sixteen average brightness values, one for each sub-region with the aiming laser 46 deenergized.
• the image pre-processor 56 next compares the two matrices by subtracting the average brightness value for each sub-region, and finely locates the aiming spot 102 by finding the largest brightness difference value in at least one of the sub-regions.
• the controller 52 either selects the near imager 12, and energizes the illuminating light assembly to illuminate the symbol 100 with illumination light of a relatively lesser intensity when the rangefinder determines that the symbol 100 to be imaged and read by the near imager 12 is located in a close-in region of the range; or selects the far imager 14, and energizes the illuminating light assembly to illuminate the target with illumination light of a relatively greater intensity when the rangefinder determines that the symbol 100 to be imaged and read by the far imager 14 is located in a far-out region of the range.
• the controller 52 can also adjust the focusing of the far imager 14, such as by changing the focus of the focusing element 38.
• the controller 52 energizes the LED 40 with a variable electrical current to vary the intensity of the illumination light.
• the controller 52 can also adjust the gain and/or exposure of one or more imagers.
• the method is performed in step 200 by energizing the aiming light assembly to direct the aiming light spot 102 along an aiming axis to the symbol 100, by capturing a first fractional mage of the symbol 100 containing the aiming light spot 102 in step 202, and by obtaining first image data from the first fractional image in step 204.
• the aiming light assembly is deenergized in step 206, a second fractional image of the symbol 100 without the aiming light spot 102 is captured in step 208, and second image data from the second fractional image is obtained in step 210.
• the first and second image data is compared to obtain a position of the aiming light spot 102 in step 212, and the distance to the symbol 100 is determined based on the position of the aiming light spot 102 in step 214.
• the correct imager 12 or 14 is selected, and/or the correct gain and/or exposure for the selected imager is adjusted, and/or the correct illumination from the LED 40 is adjusted, and/or the focus of the selected imager is adjusted, based on the determined distance.
• a includes ... a
• or “contains ... a” does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises, has, includes, or contains the element.
• the terms “a” and “an” are defined as one or more unless explicitly stated otherwise herein.
• the terms “substantially,” “essentially,” “approximately,” “about,” or any other version thereof, are defined as being close to as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, and in one non-limiting embodiment the term is defined to be within 10%, in another embodiment within 5%, in another embodiment within 1%, and in another embodiment within 0.5%.
• the term “coupled” as used herein is defined as connected, although not necessarily directly and not necessarily mechanically.
• a device or structure that is “configured” in a certain way is configured in at least that way, but may also be configured in ways that are not listed.
• processors such as microprocessors, digital signal processors, customized processors, and field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and unique stored program instructions (including both software and firmware) that control the one or more processors to implement, in conjunction with certain non-processor circuits, some, most, or all of the functions of the method and/or apparatus described herein.
• processors or “processing devices”
• FPGAs field programmable gate arrays
• unique stored program instructions including both software and firmware
• control the one or more processors to implement, in conjunction with certain non-processor circuits, some, most, or all of the functions of the method and/or apparatus described herein.
• some or all functions could be implemented by a state machine that has no stored program instructions, or in one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), in which each function or some combinations of certain of the functions are implemented as custom logic.
• ASICs application specific integrated circuits
• an embodiment can be implemented as a computer-readable storage medium having computer readable code stored thereon for programming a computer (e.g., comprising a processor) to perform a method as described and claimed herein.
• Examples of such computer-readable storage mediums include, but are not limited to, a hard disk, a CD-ROM, an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, a ROM (Read Only Memory), a PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory), an EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) and a Flash memory.

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