WO2017202983A9 - Apparatus and method for applying an enzyme preparation - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for applying an enzyme preparation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017202983A9 WO2017202983A9 PCT/EP2017/062659 EP2017062659W WO2017202983A9 WO 2017202983 A9 WO2017202983 A9 WO 2017202983A9 EP 2017062659 W EP2017062659 W EP 2017062659W WO 2017202983 A9 WO2017202983 A9 WO 2017202983A9
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- applicator
- enzyme
- fruitlets
- palm
- air
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/02—Pretreatment
- C11B1/025—Pretreatment by enzymes or microorganisms, living or dead
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/02—Pretreatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/02—Pretreatment
- C11B1/04—Pretreatment of vegetable raw material
Definitions
- Disclosed herein is an invention related to the usage of an apparatus or set up and a method to apply an enzymatic aqueous composition on a substrate consisting mainly of sterilised palm fruitlets in preparation for the enzymatic aqueous extraction of palm oil.
- Ripe oil palm fruit bunches or fresh fruit bunches, (FFB) are harvested from the trees and sent to the mill to be processed, usually within 24 hours to preserve the quality of final product.
- the FFBs are sterilized by steam in pressured vessels to deactivate the natural enzymes in the palm fruits and also to loosen the fruitlets from the stalks, so that they can be further processed.
- Cooked or sterilized FFBs are sent by conveyors to Thresher - which is a rotating cage - where the fruitlets are detached and separated from the stalks due to the tumbling actions inside the cage.
- the thresher separates the sterilised FFB into two material streams - one stream which falls through the gaps of the thresher cage and comprising mainly of sterilised palm fruitlets.
- This stream is called MPD - which stands for Mass Passing to Digester.
- the other material stream which comprises fruit stalks of mostly depleted palm fruitlets is called EFB - Empty Fruit Bunches.
- the MPD is transferred through a series of conveyers until it enters the digesters. Fruitlets in the MPD are beaten into pulp or mash in the digester by rotating and static paddles. The resulting mash drops through a chute into a screw press.
- the screw press separates the digested mash into two streams, a mixed oil/water/fine solids stream, called diluted crude oil - DCO, which passes through the cage of the press and drops into a collection gutter.
- the other stream which was retained by the cage was fibrous and contained most of the large solid materials, including the mesocarp fibre and palm kernel. This is referred to as pressed cake - PC.
- the DCO is clarified in a clarifier where the oil portion is separated and harvested.
- the harvested oil is dried and stored in a storage tank as the main finished product, the crude palm oil, CPO.
- the remaining portion of the DCO commonly called the "underflow", comprising of mainly water, about 5% of small vegetative debris and 0.5% to 2% of free and emulsified oil, is discharged as palm oil mill effluent - POME.
- the PC may be loosened mechanically so that it can be sorted into mesocarp fibre - MF (a by-product), palm kernel-PK (a product) and foreign debris - such as stone, plastic and metal pieces (solid wastes).
- Mohammad et al. (2015) had disclosed in his publication that an enzymatic treatment is a suitable method for extraction of oil from the palm fruit mesocarp. Further disclosed was that besides the enzyme concentration, the type of enzyme applied was important for cell digestion of palm mesocarp and decreasing the remaining pressed pulp. Further, international publication WO201201 1 130A2 had disclosed the usage of an enzymatic composition and process for extracting oil from oil palm fruits particularly from mesocarp portion or mesocarp containing oil palm fruits having portion with at least with improved efficiency and/or increased yield of at least 90%. These publications both support the idea that enzymatic application provides a higher yield of palm oil extraction.
- the present invention is an apparatus for preparing, conditioning a material train comprises mainly of sterilised whole palm fruitlets, so that the palm fruitlets can be properly imbued with an enzymatic composition prior to the oil extraction processes which occur further downstream; in the digester, the press and other means of oil extraction or recovery.
- the present invention refers to an enzymatic composition applicator apparatus and method - EPA - which is generally located between the sterilized FFB threshers and the MPD digesters of a palm oil mill. It does not have a fixed rigid physical design as palm oil mills vary in their designs and process layouts.
- the proposed EPA could be a purposely designed and constructed apparatus which integrates seamlessly into the production process of a new mill.
- the proposed EPA could also be an apparatus inserted or integrated into the production process of an existing mill.
- the system, EPA and enzyme applicator are used interchangeably and they referred to the same apparatus.
- Enzyme solution and enzymatic composition are used interchangeably and they both referred to an aqueous preparation of one enzyme or a combination of several enzymes.
- Substrate and MPD are used interchangeably and they both referred to the same material to be treated which comprises mainly of sterilised palm fruitlets. Further “enzyme applicator” and “applicator” are used interchangeably herein.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an alternative to the prior art.
- the invention relates in a first aspect to an apparatus for use in treating palm fruitlets, preferably being sterilized palm fruitlets, wherein the palm fruitlets are treated at least by being exposed to an enzymatic composition preferably being a water based solution of one or several enzymes, wherein said apparatus comprising
- an applicator comprising:
- a device configured for stirring and/or flipping palm fruitlets, and - a device configured for applying the enzymatic composition onto said palm fruitlets.
- the present invention provides inter alia a method and apparatus to provide a mechanical preparatory treatment to condition a substrate, consisting of the sterilised palm fruitlets in the MPD by treating it with an enzymatic composition prior to the commencement of the digestion and subsequent oil extraction processes.
- Enzyme applicator which could refer to Enzymatic composition applicator. Both these terms refer to the apparatus and it's attached or linked components which altogether form a complete system of treatment which includes applying an enzymatic composition unto the MPD which comprises mainly of sterilized whole palm fruitlets.
- the treatment process includes application (i.e. spraying) of an aqueous enzymatic composition of one or several enzymes on the MPD, physical means of stirring the MPD, means of inflicting cuts and bruises on the palm fruit epicarp and mesocarp to enhance the penetration of the enzymatic composition into the substrate to be treated as well as management and engineering measures to reduce the risk of environmental contamination via proper disposal methods. Further “enzyme applicator” and “applicator” are used interchangeably herein.
- MPD Train and substrate is used to refer to a dynamic material stream which comprises of mainly sterilized palm fruitlets upon leaving the thresher till the time they enter the digester. The flow includes movement from thresher along conveyers, in and out of the enzyme applicator till entry into the digester.
- Enzyme solution and enzymatic composition refers to the aqueous preparation comprising of one or several enzymes which is applied unto the MPD as it passes through the enzyme applicator.
- Conditioned MPD and treated MPD refers to the status of MPD that has passed through all treatment conditions in the enzyme applicator wherein the enzymatic composition has been applied to the substrate.
- Mass Passing to Digester(s) comprises typically about 70% of palm fruitlets, which is an object of interest to the present invention, containing valuable products such as palm oils and palm kernel.
- the remaining 30% typically comprised of spikelet, fibre, stones, sand, mud, plastic, wood chips, metal pieces, other low oil content vegetative matters and other foreign objects swept up in the field and during transportation.
- the present invention provides a method and apparatus capable of providing a (mechanical) preparatory treatment to sufficiently condition a substrate, for example MPD (especially the palm fruitlets in said MPD), by treating the substrate with an enzymatic composition on site prior to the commencement of the digestion or oil extraction process.
- a substrate for example MPD (especially the palm fruitlets in said MPD)
- MPD especially the palm fruitlets in said MPD
- the present invention provides a new method of improving the extraction of palm oil via the introduction of an enzyme solution to the MPD, as the MPD leaves the threshing system before it enters the digesting system.
- the present invention aims to achieve a greater level of efficiency by sufficiently preparing the sterilised palm fruitlets so that they are conducive and ready for aqueous enzymatic oil extraction by conditioning the palm fruitlets and imbuing them with enzymatic composition prior to the oil extraction processes. This includes but not limited to treating said MPD at an epicarp and mesocarp level to enhance the release of free oils from the MPD.
- this enzyme composition is introduced along the MPD train line and the substrate does not need to be removed or transported off the MPD train to be treated. The enzymatic treatment preferably being done on site would show a significant effect.
- the enzyme applicator is designed to operate based on one or more of the following parameters: 1 .
- the enzyme applicator is to be located to receive and treat the substrate between the point of discharge of the thresher and the point of entry of the substrate into the digester of an oil mill.
- the enzyme applicator involves means of inflicting damage (such as bruising and cuts) on the epicarp and/or deep cuts into the mesocarp so that the substrate is exposed to the penetration of the enzyme solution or enzymatic preparation.
- the enzyme applicator involves means of mechanical stirring and flipping actions to the substrate as it moves through the applicator to expose more surface area for enzymatic activity.
- the enzyme applicator involves the preparation in-situ of the dilution water at a suitable activation temperature.
- the enzyme applicator involves the preparation of an optimum mixture of enzyme and dilution water via an in-line mixing device immediately prior to the point of application and application of the mixed enzyme solution to the substrate according to the substrate loading rate.
- the enzyme applicator involves the application of the enzymatic composition in the form of continuous spray of fine droplets by a series of strategically placed spray nozzles.
- the enzyme applicator involves a containment system which is an enclosed treatment environment which aims to reduce risk of exposure and contamination by enzyme bearing aerosol.
- the enzyme applicator involves an air scrubbing and filtration system so that all vapour and aerosol from the treatment enclosure is filtered and removed from the air stream at the point of release out of the system to comply with required clean air standards.
- the enzyme applicator involves a liquid recovery and recirculation system which allows excess liquid exiting the enzyme applicator to be collected and recycled back to treatment environment within the enzyme applicator via a separate spray system or to be safely neutralised and disposed according to the required discharge standards.
- the enzyme applicator would consist of a single, combination or all of the above mentioned embodiments.
- the enzyme applicator is designed to merge into the substrate process train and commence the treatment nearest to the FFB threshing system. In a further preferred embodiment, the enzyme applicator is designed to operate based on one or more of the following parameters:
- the enzyme applicator is located to treat the MPD between the point of discharge of the thresher and the point of entry of the MPD into the digester.
- the enzyme applicator involves means of inflicting bruising and cuts on the epicarp or deep cuts into the mesocarp of the fruitlets in the MPD so that they are sufficiently exposed to the enzyme solution.
- the enzyme applicator involves means of mechanical stirring and flipping actions to the MPD as it moves through the applicator to expose more surface area for enzymatic activity. 4.
- the enzyme applicator involves the preparation in-situ of the dilution water at a suitable activation temperature.
- the enzyme applicator involves the preparation of an optimum mixture of enzyme and dilution water via an in-line mixing device immediately prior to the point of application and application of the mixed enzyme solution to the MPD according to the MPD loading rate. 6.
- the enzyme applicator involves the application of the enzyme solution in the form of continuous spray of fine droplets by a series of strategically placed spray nozzles.
- the enzyme applicator involves a containment system which is an enclosed treatment environment which aims to reduce risk of exposure and contamination by enzyme bearing aerosol.
- the enzyme applicator involves an air scrubbing and filtration system so that all vapour and aerosol from the treatment enclosure is filtered and removed from the air stream at the point of release to comply with prevailing clean air standards.
- the enzyme applicator involves a liquid recovery and recirculation system which allows excess liquid exiting the enzyme applicator to be collected and recycled safely back to the Enzyme Applicator treatment environment via a separate spray system or to be safely disposed according to the prevailing discharge standards.
- the enzyme applicator is able to complete all the above aqueous enzyme assisted palm oil extraction pre-treatment functions and return the treated MPD back to the regular milling process flow and/or allow the MPD to move on to the downstream oil extraction processes.
- the enzyme applicator is designed to be able to intercept or to be able to be merged into the MPD train in order to treat the MPD after it leaves the threshing system.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a production line in a commercial palm oil mill from thresher to screw press.
- FIGS and 3 each illustrate examples of the set-up of an enzyme applicator with described tumbler design
- Figure 4 illustrates the placement of an enzyme applicator incorporated into a bottom ribbon conveyor (thresher conveyer)
- Figure 5 illustrates the placement of an enzyme applicator incorporated on top of a cross conveyer.
- Figure 6 illustrates the placement of an enzyme applicator incorporated on a ribbon elevator.
- Figure 7 illustrates the placement of an enzyme applicator incorporated on a scrapper conveyer.
- Figure 8 illustrates a simple depiction of conversion of a section of conveyor to enzyme applicator.
- Figure 9 illustrates a simple depiction of integrating an enzyme applicator into an existing conveyer (as a tumbler unit).
- Figure 10a illustrates a typical conveyor set-up (without enzyme applicator)
- Figure 10b illustrates a typical conveyor set-up with enzyme applicator.
- Figure 11 illustrates possible designs of cutting means.
- Figure 12 illustrates different models of cutting plates installation.
- Figure 13 demonstrates the movement of MPD in a ribbon conveyer (without any stirring).
- Figure 14 illustrates the movement of MPD in a ribbon conveyer with properly angled stirring plate or cutting plates which dig or scoop up the MPD from the bottom of a conveyor with rotary motion.
- Figure 15 illustrates the applicator/application area configured with dosing equipment.
- Figure 16 illustrates an air cleaning system/means to filter and remove vapour from an enclosed treatment area.
- Figure 17 illustrates an example of cutter design and deployment (sectional view).
- Figure 18 is a schematic drawing of a present Palm Oil mill, which includes the usage of an enzyme applicator in the Palm Oil mill set-up.
- Figure 19 is an illustration showing schematically a plan view of under thresher conveyor showing layout of spray system.
- Figure 20 is an illustration showing a cross section of conveyor further showing nozzle deployment.
- Figure 21 is an illustration showing a cross section of conveyor further showing tumbling effect created by flip plates
- Figure 22 is a photograph illustrating three embodiments of flip plates according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrating an embodiment of a plant for palm oil extraction.
- the plant comprising a sterilizer 2 receiving FFB (fresh fruit bunches) and sterilizing those by use of e.g. steam.
- FFB fresh fruit bunches
- the sterilized FFB are conveyed by use of a conveyer 3 to the thresher 4 in which the fruitlets are separated out and enter into the applicator 1 applying enzymes to the fruitlets.
- the fruitlets are conveyed by an elevator 6, which elevates to the fruitlets to a higher vertical position. This elevation is carried out, since the fruitlets are to be introduced into a digester 7 having an inlet arranged above the outlet of the applicator 1 . It is noted that it is not essential to the invention that the fruitlets are conveyed to a higher vertical position before entering the digester 7.
- the elevator 6 delivers the fruitlets to a conveyer 5 which conveys the fruitlets to from the elevator to the digester 7.
- a press 8 is arranged which receive digested fruitlets and press out palm oil from the fruitless as a stream of dilute crude oil exit 9.
- Fig. 1 also illustrates a tank holding pre-heated fluids and a pump (referenced in common by numeral 12) for feeding this fluid into a device 14 for dosing enzyme(s) and fluid(s).
- the device 14 for dosing enzyme(s) and fluid(s) also receives enzyme(s) from a tank storing enzyme(s) by use of a pump (tank for storing enzyme(s) and pump are referenced in common by numeral 13).
- Fig. 1 also illustrates a preferred, optional feature namely recycling of a stream of enzymes which is expelled from the applicator 1 - typically at the lower end thereof. As illustrated this stream of enzymes is recirculated to the device 14 for dosing enzymes and fluid inside which all the input streams are mixed and dosed.
- vapour may be produced which vapour may have a composition making it unsuited for being released to the surrounding without being filtered.
- an apparatus may include means 16 to filter and remove vapour from an apparatus at the position of the applicator 1 .
- the enzyme spray nozzles (902) are preferably installed in multiple units in a straight array lining one side (see fig. 20) of the conveyor for the following reasons: a) A partial filled screw conveyor has substrate pile to one side of the conveyor channel (indicated by the dotted, straight line in fig. 20) as it is being pushed forward due to the nature of screw design and action of the force of gravity.
- the spray nozzles array are preferably positioned between 1/3 to 1/4 across the width of the conveyor on the "high flow" side to spray on the exposed surface with maximum mass flow at any one time.
- the nozzles are arranged in a straight line along the conveyor to create an uninterrupted curtain of enzymatic spray for effective treatment as the MPD is being flipped and turned through the enzymatic treatment zone; b) If flip plates (or blades in general) are used (see e.g. figure 22 showing preferred embodiments of such plates), such flip plates may advantageously be installed on the conveyor create or increase rotation and tumbling effects of the MPD as it passes in the conveyor.
- a screw conveyor is typically designed to scoop forward at an angle of about 30 degrees to the vertical plain of the turning axis. This angle minimize energy dissipated due to lifting and frictional losses.
- a palm oil mill MPD screw conveyor is typically designed to push any material through the conveyor channel efficiently with minimal disturbance.
- the angle and pitch of the conveyor are designed for its intended purpose. Flipping plates are installed may be seen as increasing the angle of the "plain design" with no such plates so that they can be used to at least increase flipping, turning and tumbling the MPD to expose it more efficiently to the enzyme composition applied, e.g. by spraying.
- the flip plates may also be designed with stiff bristles, spikes and/or cutting edges at the rear ends. Such features may help to inflict deep cuts and/or bruises on the oil palm fruitlets, as they are being flipped and tossed about in the Enzyme Applicator treatment zone. All bristles, spikes and/or cutting edges on the plates are design to tilt rearward so that fibrous debris do not get hooked by the bristles and accumulate.
- a screw conveyor as used in connection with the present invention may be seen as ideally operated at 30% filled. This ensures that the content does not spill out of the conveyor as the mass flow in a screw conveyor is typically tilted to one side.
- a screw conveyor used in connection with the present invention has less material on the scoop side and more material piled on the throw side.
- a screw conveyor modified for Enzyme Application is typically designed and used to operate not more than 35% filled. This is to preferably applied to ensure a good exposure to enzymatic composition and retain the desirable scoop, tumbler and fall characteristics of the MPD as it is treated by the flip plates (if used). It has been found that an overfilled conveyor may decrease the MPD tumbling effect which often are an importance features to enhance the enzyme penetration into the palm fruitlet mesocarps.
- pressurized steam is used to sterilize the palm fruits.
- the purpose of sterilisation is to inactivate natural enzymes present in palm fruits, enables the separation of the fruit from bunches and, according to the present invention, also to make them softer and therefore to process in the digester and press.
- the steam cooking vessel which has various design parameters is pressurized to improve penetration of steam and heat energy into the palm fruit bunches to improve rate of complete sterilization of the palm fruits.
- This form of sterilization is done in a batch process.
- Another form of sterilization is the continuous sterilization technology which involves sterilization of palm fruitlets as it is conveyed through a steam train to achieve complete sterilization by the time it exits the steam tunnel. To achieve satisfactory sterilization, the palm fruit bunches are usually split into smaller pieces so that the inner core of the palm fruits could be reached by steam, thus producing proper sterilization.
- Sterilized palm fruits or sterilized MPD refer to the palm fruits or substrate or MPD which has been sterilized by any one or all of the discussed sterilization technologies or any other form of sterilization techniques which are available and will be available in the future.
- the thresher is usually a rotary drum of about 2 meters in diameter.
- the drum rotates and bunches get lifted up and dropped when they reach the top of the drum. This action helps the detachment of fruits from the bunches and the separated fruit lets fall through the slots of the drum to a conveyor below.
- the enzyme applicator could cover the complete process flow or processing path between the thresher and the digester systems in its entirety or it could be integrated in parts within the existing production process.
- the enzyme applicator would have a working time of between 5 seconds to 60 seconds such as between 20 and 60 seconds, between 30 and 60 seconds, between 5 and 40 second or such as between 5 and 30 seconds .
- the enzyme applicator would have a length of 3m to 6m and a diameter of 0.35m to 1 .2m.
- the enzyme applicator could consist but not limited to several designs. These include:
- Tilted tumbler design with a top side in-feed and a lower side exit.
- the EPA could be designed as a tumbler.
- the tumbler design allows for advantages in terms of volume and system flexibility. These advantages include:
- Cutting edges can be installed to cover a larger area in the internal face of the tumbling drum to improve the speed of cutting
- Tumbler can be tilted and rotation speeds can be adjusted to control the rate of treatment.
- the enzyme applicator has a tumbler design essentially as described in Figure 2 and 3.
- the enzyme applicator can be an adaptation of an existing mill process set-up whereby the enzyme applicator is integrated and incorporated into an existing conveyer set-up where about 3m to 6m in length of the conveyor is modified to be used as a treatment vessel suitable for enzymatic treatment application.
- common process set-ups which can incorporate the enzyme applicator system is but not limited to:
- Ribbon conveyers located below threshers, at a cross linkage between threshers or at elevator ribbon conveyers.
- Elevators mainly vertical ribbon elevators (with or without shaft), or tilted ribbon elevators (with or without shaft) among others.
- Top and bottom distribution ribbon conveyers which distribute MPD to elevators and digesters.
- the enzyme applicator may be design and constructed to fit into a section of an existing MPD conveyor line.
- a section of an existing MPD conveyor may be upgraded, re-fitted and converted to serve the functions of an enzyme applicator.
- the ideal design would be to incorporate the enzyme applicator into a ribbon conveyer.
- the enzyme applicator can be an adaptation of a section of an existing horizontal ribbon or auger MPD conveyor. Any section of any of the MPD conveyors located between the thresher and the digester can be adapted and converted to be used as an enzyme applicator.
- the enzyme applicator is incorporated into a bottom ribbon conveyor (thresher conveyer), such as illustrated in Figure 4.
- the enzyme applicator is incorporated on top of a cross conveyer, such as illustrated in Figure 5.
- the enzyme applicator incorporated on a ribbon elevator, such as illustrated in Figure 6.
- the enzyme applicator is incorporated on a scrapper conveyer, such as illustrated in Figure 7.
- the enzyme applicator is a converted section of a conveyor, such as illustrated in Figure 8 .
- the enzyme applicator is integrated into an existing conveyer (as a tumbler unit), such as illustrated in Figure 9.
- the enzyme applicator is integrated into a conveyor set- up essentially as shown in Figure 10 (without enzyme applicator) and in Figure 10b (with enzyme applicator).
- the size of a single palm fruitlet averages typically from about 15mm by 25mm. It is protected by a waxy epicarp and is therefore not conducive or permeable for enzymatic treatment. Therefore, it is critical that cutting means are used to inflict cuts or damages on the epicarp surfaces and deep into the mesocarp surface around up to 15mm in depth.
- palm fruitlets in MPD are inflicted with bruises and cuts in the thresher from the tumbling action which occurs in the vessel.
- Steel cutters and spikes or any other cutting or slicing apparatus or means is preferred to be fixed in the enzyme applicator to introduce cuts and bruises on the fruitlets to improve enzyme penetration during treatment.
- cutting means would include but not limited to:
- a cutting edge which could be a spike or stiff wire or blade or any suitable cutting mean.
- a cutting edge or blade could be an extrusion from a sheet of metal, or an extrusion on any material
- a cutting edge or blade should have a height of about 5mm to 15mm in length
- a cutting edge should be placed at an incline/with an angle of about 30° to 60° from the surface to prevent entanglement and accumulation of fibrous material on cutting edge;
- a cutting edge or blade should have a cutting depth in the range of between 3mm to 15mm deep;
- a cutting edge could be a die casted durable material, or a hard material shaped by tool and/or machine;
- a cutting edge can be made from durable material such as steel, hard composite material, ceramic or any other durable materials;
- a cutting edge or blade could be held in place on a plate of hard material by epoxy, fasteners, welding techniques, or other bonding technology;
- a cutting mean which consists of multiple cutting edges in order to inflict cuts on a larger number of fruitlets
- Cutting means which can be easily replaceable when damaged by hard objects such as stone and steel pieces, or worn out due to usage;
- Cutting means which are tangle free to avoid accumulation of slit and fibres
- Cutting means may consist of any hard or sharp object which can inflict a cut on sterilized palm fruitlets.
- suitable materials are preferred to be slightly elastic, mildly malleable, durable to withstand long usage hours and abrasion as well as affordable.
- the cutting means used may be selected from having one or more of the following features: 1 .
- Multiple units of cutting elements or cutting edges are assembled on a cutting plate.
- a cutting plate sheet is made out of a durable and malleable material, for example mild steel.
- a cutting plate can be of any suitable shape or size.
- the cutting plate is a square or rectangular shaped plate sized 1/8 to 1/4 the diameter of the screw, auger or ribbon conveyer.
- the cutting plate is mounted on the conveyer near its perimeter, at a position which allows the cutting plate to plow through the MPD train as it is being pushed forward by the conveyer. 2.
- Curved cutting plates may be installed on the channel of the conveyer, in such manner so its cutting elements could inflict cuts on the fruitlets as they are being pushed through the conveyor channel. Number of cutting plates, how they are installed and cutting elements required are determined by the expected volume and flow rate of MPD as well as the size of the conveyer.
- An enzyme applicator of 3m in length built into a 0.5m diameter conveyer requires about 50 cutting plates deployed about 200mm apart, with each plate bearing 20 pieces of cutting edges or cutting elements.
- the design of the cutting means or plates is essentially as shown in Figure 1 1 .
- the cutting means or plates are installed as shown in Figure 12. ON FLIPPING AND STIRRING
- a stirring and flipping mechanism is required to shift the fruitlets to enhance the surface area of fruitlets to be bruised and cut.
- a possible flipping/stirring mechanism or flipping and stirring means is that of an auger conveyer designed to tilt at an angle of between 25 to 35 degrees from the plane of its turning axis. This design that the material is pushed along its turning axis while allowing energy conservation while the material flips.
- a flip plate acts to increase the angle of tilt so that stirring and flipping of the MPD can take place.
- This flip plate is installed at an angle of 30 to 45 degrees which allows it to dig into the MPD train and flip it about to expose the MPD to drops of enzymatic composition from spray nozzles.
- the flip plates may be installed with cutting edges or sharp elements to function as cutting plates.
- Figure 13 demonstrates the movement of MPD in a ribbon conveyer (without any stirring).
- a ribbon conveyer is designed at an angle of 30° measured from the line of flow. Under regular circumstances, the MPD would move in the direction of the conveyer without any stirring (fruitlets which are at the bottom stay at the bottom and fruitlets on the top stay on the top). In a preferred embodiment, installation of an additional flip plate at 45° to the ribbon conveyer surface will improve the stirring of MPD which in turn improves enzyme reach.
- Figure 14 illustrates the movement of MPD in a ribbon conveyer with properly angled stirring plate or cutting plates which dig or scoop up the MPD from the bottom of a conveyor with rotary motion.
- Figure 17 illustrates the installation of cutting plates and flip plates on conveyor surface.
- the enzyme applicator comprises means for stirring, cutting and bruising the substrate, said means being as shown in Figure 17 (sectional view).
- dilution water is used as a carrier to bring the enzymes to MPD wherein the dilution water is preheated to an optimum temperature before it is mixed with the enzyme.
- the dilution water could be pre-heated with a steam supply pipe, adding hot water or installing a heating element in the water holding tank.
- the enzyme mixture is mixed and delivered near the point of application in a concentrated form.
- the required dosage is delivered by metering pump.
- Dilution water on the other hand is pre-heated to a suitable application temperature which would act as an enzyme activation temperature.
- the dilution water is delivered by the metering pump at about 100 to 200 parts water to 1 part of concentrated enzymatic preparation.
- the concentrated enzymatic composition and the preheated water is combined at the point of entry into a static mixing device, piped through a pressure gauge, a screen filter, a flow regulator, and flow distribution pipe work before being discharged through spray nozzles to be applied unto the MPD.
- a preferred temperature for the enzymatic composition to be introduced at is at about between 45°C to 75°C. Preferably between 50°C to 70°C, 50°C to 65°C or 55°C to 65°C.
- the dosage of enzyme used is determined by laboratory tests results whereby the ratio of water to enzyme mixture is dependent on the requirements of the process and operating conditions.
- the water-enzyme mixture is prepared immediately in situ prior to application.
- a metering pump is used to feed dilution water to the mixing device and at the same time, another metering pump is used to feed the enzyme to the mixing device.
- the mixing device ensures that the dilution water and enzyme are properly mixed before the resulted enzyme water solution is sent to the applicator to be applied on the MPD train via a spray or multiple spray nozzles.
- a preferred dosage of enzymatic composition is between the range of 20 mg enzyme protein/kg palm fruitlet and 1000 mg enzyme protein/kg palm fruitlet relative to the amount of palm fruitlet being treated.
- Another preferred dosage of the enzymatic composition corresponds to 10-100 mg Enzyme Protein(EP)/metric tonne fresh fruit bunches, such as 20- 50 mg Enzyme Protein(EP)/metric tonne fresh fruit bunches or such as 30-40 mg Enzyme Protein(EP)/metric tonne fresh fruit bunches.
- Another embodiment of the dosage preferred is between 350 ppm and 1000 ppm relative to the amount of palm fruitlet treated.
- a supply of compressed air may be introduced into the spray nozzles to act as a propellant for the spraying process, especially when the volume of delivery is low.
- the spray nozzles are sized to deliver 1 litre to 5 litres of liquid per minute.
- the spray nozzles are selected from one or more of the following:
- the enzyme solution application system is as illustrated in Figure 15.
- an enclosed zone or treatment vessel is incorporated to ensure that spray droplets and vapour is securely contained to reduce the risk of contamination of ambient air by enzyme bearing aerosol, in compliance with prevailing air safety standards. It is preferred that a casing or a cover is used to enclose the enzyme applicator treatment zone.
- the enclosed treatment zone covers the entry point of the MPD all the way till the outlet point of the MPD to the digester.
- the enzyme applicator may be designed to have an enclosed zone shaped similar to a tunnel.
- the enclosed treatment zone may have one or more of the following features: 1 .
- the sprayed enzymatic composition comprises protein, some individuals may exhibit adverse reactions upon exposure to the preparation. Therefore to reduce the risk of this, an enclosure is preferred.
- the treatment zone is within a closed compartment that is air-tight or essentially or substantially air tight in the sense that there is only one outlet for air to exit the treatment zone, that outlet being via scrubbing and/or filtering device as set forth below.
- the treatment zone is air-tight to the extent that the number of aerosols which escapes the treatment zone is limited to the extent that the amount of enzyme protein in samples of air taken in the close vicinity of the treatment zone, such as within a distance of 1 meter from the application zone, are less than 60 ng/m 3 air, such as less than 40 ng/m 3 , or less than 40 ng/m 3 air.
- the treatment zone is a closed compartment equipped means for inspection of the application of enzyme; e.g. a lid or a door
- a closed compartment equipped means for inspection of the application of enzyme e.g. a lid or a door
- the door or lid is opened by use of a sliding mechanism: Compared with a hinged door or lid, the use of a sliding door or lid minimizes the escape of aerosols when opened.
- the apparatus provided according to the invention may comprise means for filtering air out of the applicator (1 ), said means for filtering being preferably a water scrubbing device and/or means for mechanical filtering by a penetrable filter material or dry physical filtrations, said means preferably being selected from High Efficiency Air Filters, such as Efficiency Particulate Air Filters (EPA), High Efficiency Particulate Air Filters (HEPA) and Ultra Low Penetration Air Filters (ULPA).
- EPA Efficiency Particulate Air Filters
- HEPA High Efficiency Particulate Air Filters
- ULPA Ultra Low Penetration Air Filters
- the apparatus may be designed to include several means for filtration, which may be coupled in series, such as a scrubbing device followed coupled to one or more mechanical or physical filtration means.
- the means for filtering air out of the applicator (1 ) comprise a scrubbing device, preferably a water scrubbing device, and a High Efficiency Air Filter, preferably a High Efficiency Particulate Air Filters (HEPA).
- the means for filtering are preferably selected from Efficiency Particulate Air Filters EPA 10 - EPA 12, High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filters HEPA 13 - HEPA 14, and Ultra Low Penetration Air Filters ULPA 15 - ULPA 17, when classified according to the specifications set forth in European Norm EN 1822:2009.
- the High Efficiency Air Filter may be positioned to receive air flowing from the scrubbing device.
- the means for filtering air out of the applicator (1 ) are configured to reduce the amount of enzyme protein in the air discharged from the applicator (1 ) to 50 ng enzyme protein/m 3 air or less, such as to 20 ng enzyme protein/m 3 air or less, 10 ng enzyme protein/m 3 air or less, 5 ng enzyme protein/m 3 air or less, or such as 1 ng enzyme protein/m 3 air or less.
- this reduction in the amount of enzyme protein in the air discharged from the applicator is achieved when the enzymatic composition is dosed in amounts corresponding to 10-100 mg Enzyme Protein(EP)/metric tonne fresh fruit bunches, such as in amounts corresponding to 20-50 mg Enzyme Protein(EP)/metric tonne fresh fruit bunches or such as in amounts corresponding to 30-40 mg Enzyme Protein(EP)/metric tonne fresh fruit bunches.
- a slight negative air pressure is maintained in the enclosed treatment chamber to prevent escape of aerosol from the treatment zone.
- an air suction apparatus connected to a water based air washing system, an air filtration system and a motor driven extraction fan. This embodiment ensures that all air or aerosol discharged from the applicator treatment zone is treated and filtered clean in compliant with prevailing safety regulations.
- a suction fan may be used to draw the air stream exiting the discharge end of the enzyme applicator and is discharged after undergoing a series of cleaning and filtering processes:
- Water scrubbing Contaminated air is drawn into a confined zone where it is drowsed with water sprays applied via a high throughput sprayer, to trap and suppress aerosol and particulates.
- the water clean air is then passed through a moisture trap to retain the moisture in the air.
- the water scrubbed air is guided through a series of physical filters which are capable of retaining the smallest molecules of protein (which the enzymes in the enzymatic composition is made of).
- the enzyme applicator comprises an air cleaning system/means to filter and remove vapour from the enclosed treatment area essentially as illustrated in Figure 16.
- a solution recovery and recirculation system is incorporated to collect excess unutilized liquids for reuse or for discharge according to prevailing industrial discharge standards.
- the preferred embodiment incorporates a stainless steel screen and a collection tank to screen and collect the filtrate. Since the liquid contains active enzyme, it can be reintroduced into the MPD train passing the applicator treatment zone by a set of pump and spray nozzles, such as a separate set of pump and spray nozzles to sustain its effectiveness. ON RESIDENCE TIME AND TREATMENT TIME IN ENZYME APPLICATOR
- the enzyme applicator has an operation time within the range of 10 seconds to 180 seconds on the MPD train in the enzyme applicator.
- An average conveyer in a palm oil mill progresses at 15 m to 30 m per minute. This means that the MPD train progresses at 0.25m to 0.5m per second.
- a 3m long enzyme applicator integrated into a typical conveyer would have a MPD residence time of between 6 seconds to 12 seconds starting from the point of entry until the point of exit.
- the enzyme applicator has a length of between 3m to 6m. Therefore, the enzyme applicator preferably has a treatment time of between 6 seconds to 24 seconds. ON PRESSING
- the fruits are conveyed to a digester which mashes them up so that when the mash is pressed in a screw press, the oil is extracted efficiently.
- the output from the screw press is pressed palm oil and press cake.
- the extracted oil is mixed with fruit particles, water, sand and dirt.
- the crude oil is first screened with a vibrating screen to remove the course fibres and other dirt and it is then pumped to the clarification station for further processing.
- Applicator (1 ) for enzymatic extraction of palm oil located between a thresher (4) and a digester (6) comprising:
- said means (10, 1 1 , 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18) are comprised within a treatment area (50), fruitlets exiting a thresher (5) and being conducted into said area (50) and through the applicator (1 ) where they are exposed to a mixture of said enzyme(s) and fluid(s), and then exit said applicator (1 ), into the digester (6) , wherein excess enzyme solution and oil accumulated in the lowest point of the applicator (1 ) are collected (17, 18) for reuse and/or disposal.
- Applicator (1 ) according to item 1 wherein said applicator is adjacent to, connected to and/or integrated with all process flow units between the thresher (4) and the digester (6).
- Applicator (1 ) according to item 1 wherein said applicator is connected to at least one process flow unit between the thresher (4) and the digester (6).
- Applicator (1 ) according to item 3, wherein said applicator is connected to a conveyor (3,5).
- Applicator (1 ) according to item 3, wherein said applicator is connected to a thresher (4).
- Applicator (1 ) according to item 3 wherein said applicator is connected to an elevator (6).
- Applicator (1 ) according to item 6 wherein said applicator is connected to a scrapper elevator (6).
- Applicator (1 ) according to item 1 wherein means (10) for bruising and/or cutting fruitlets comprise sharp materials with at least one cutting edge suitable to inflict a cut on a sterilised palm fruitlet.
- means (10) for bruising and/or cutting fruitlets comprise sharp materials with at least one cutting edge suitable to inflict a cut on a sterilised palm fruitlet.
- Applicator (1 ) according to item 8 wherein multiple units of cutting edges are assembled on a plate and wherein said plate is flat or curve, square or rectangular and sized 1/8 to 1/4 of the diameter of the conveyer (3,5).
- Applicator (1 ) according to items 8 or 9 wherein a cutting plate is mounted on the conveyer (3,5) near its perimeter, at a position which allows the cutting plate to plow through the process flow as it is being pushed forward by said conveyer (3,5). 1 1 .
- Applicator (1 ) according to any of items 10-13 wherein means (10) for bruising and/or cutting fruitlets comprise hard, resistant materials slightly elastic and mildly malleable.
- Applicator (1 ) according to any of items 10-14 wherein means (10) for bruising and/or cutting fruitlets comprise glass, porcelain, plastic, metal, wood and wood-like materials.
- Applicator (1 ) according to any of items 12-15, wherein means (10) for bruising and/or cutting fruitlets comprise an anti-abrasive coating.
- Applicator (1 ) according to any of items 17-18, wherein means (1 1 ) for stirring and flipping fruitlets comprise an additional plate with an angle of 45° towards the conveyor.
- Applicator (1 ) according to any of items 17-19, wherein means (1 1 ) for stirring and flipping fruitlets comprise an additional plate with an angle of 60° towards the conveyor.
- Applicator (1 ) according to item 1 wherein means (12) for feeding pre-heated fluid supply said fluid to the enzyme(s).
- Applicator (1 ) according to item 21 wherein means (12) for feeding pre-heated fluid is a steam supply pipe.
- means (12) for feeding pre-heated fluid is a means suitable to deliver hot water.
- Applicator (1 ) according to item 1 wherein means (13) for feeding enzyme comprising means for supplying enzyme to treatment area (50).
- Applicator (1 ) according to item 1 wherein means (14) for dosing enzyme comprises means for measuring and adjusting the amount of enzyme supplied to treatment area (50).
- means (14) for dosing enzyme is a metering pump.
- Applicator (1 ) according to item 1 wherein means (14) for dosing fluid comprises means for measuring and adjusting the amount of fluid supplied to treatment area (50).
- Applicator (1 ) according to item 1 wherein means (15) for applying enzyme(s) and fluid(s) to fruitlets comprises at least one spray nozzle.
- Applicator (1 ) according to item 29 wherein means (15) for applying enzyme(s) and fluid(s) to fruitlets comprises at least one spray nozzle and a supply of compressed air introduced in said spray nozzle(s).
- Applicator (1 ) according to item 31 comprising cutting edges covering part of the internal surface of the treatment area (50).
- the treatment area (50) comprises a negative air pressure within the vessel.
- Applicator (1 ) according to any of items 31 -38 wherein the treatment area (50) comprises a negative air pressure within the vessel by means of an air suction pipe connected to a water air washing system, an airfiltration system and a suitably sized motor extraction fan.
- Applicator (1 ) according to any of items 1 -39 wherein said applicator has about 3m in length and it is built into a 0.5m diameter conveyer (3,5) comprising about 50 cutting plates deployed about 200mm apart, with each plate bearing 20 units of cutting edges.
- Method for enzymatically extracting palm oil comprising:
- Method according to item 47 wherein the enzyme dose is from about 350 ppm to about 1000 ppm, relative to the amount of palm fruitlet being treated.
- Method according to item 41 wherein the step for digesting palm fruit mesocarp in the digester (6) is gradual and takes place from 55 to 85°C, such as from 65 to 85°C.
- the MPD feed from the thresher will pass along the conveyer (906) which is installed with flip plates comprising cutting elements (904).
- the flip plates (904) provide a bruising and cutting mechanism to enable exposure of the MPD to the enzyme solution.
- the conveyer (906) is covered with a covering attachment (900) with in-built spray nozzles (902) to continuously spray fine droplets of enzyme solution unto the MPD feed.
- the spray of enzyme solution from the spray nozzles (902) is prepared in situ via the enzyme solution preparation and delivery system (912).
- the enzymatically treated MPD will pass through an enzyme recovery and management system (910) which allows the excess liquid to be collected and recycled safely to the substrate train or to be safely disposed according to prevailing safety standards.
- the contaminated air on the other hand is filtered out via an air scrubbing and filtration mechanism (908) to treat air or aerosol leaving the system to be safely discharged according to prevailing safety standards.
- Figure 18 refers to the placement and industrial application of an enzyme applicator in a palm oil mill wherein a section of the conveyer is converted into an enzyme applicator.
- the sequence may be outlaid as follows:
- the sequence may be outlaid as follows:
- the Spraying System Co, K-Series Flood Jet nozzles or any similar spray nozzle is preferred.
- the spray nozzles have a range of 3.175mm (1/8 inch) to 9.525 (3/8 inch) in a single block design. These nozzles are able to deliver at a rate of 0.04 litres to 20 litres per minute. The nozzles are able to operate in the range of 7.25 psi (0.5 bars) to 58.01 psi (4 bars). Multiple units of spray nozzles are deployed to provide thorough coverage in the short time that the MPD passes through the enzyme applicator.
- FIG 18 is a schematic drawing of a present Palm Oil mill, which includes the usage of an enzyme applicator in its Palm Oil mill set-up.
- An apparatus for use in treating a substrate comprising of mainly sterilised palm fruitlets wherein the substrate is conditioned and treated using an enzymatic composition which could be a water based solution of one or several enzymes
- An apparatus for use in treating a substrate comprising of mainly sterilised palm fruitlets wherein the substrate is conditioned using an enzymatic composition which could be a water based solution of one or several enzymes wherein the apparatus utilizes means for stirring, bruising and cutting the substrate.
- An apparatus for use in treating a substrate comprising of mainly sterilised palm fruitlets wherein the substrate is conditioned using an enzymatic composition which could be a water based solution of one or several enzymes wherein the apparatus utilizes means to toss and stir the substrate.
- An apparatus for use in treating a substrate comprising of mainly sterilised palm fruitlets wherein the substrate is conditioned using an enzymatic composition which could be a water based solution of one or several enzymes wherein the apparatus utilizes means to prepare a preheated dilution water to mix enzymes to be applied on the substrate.
- An apparatus for use in treating a substrate comprising of mainly sterilised palm fruitlets wherein the substrate is conditioned using an enzymatic solution wherein the apparatus utilizes means to mix the enzymatic composition by in situ mixing prior to the point of application on substrate.
- An apparatus for use in treating a substrate comprising of mainly sterilised palm fruitlets wherein the substrate is conditioned using an enzymatic composition which could be a water based solution of one or several enzymes wherein the apparatus utilizes one or several means of adjusting the dosage of enzymatic composition applied to approximately match the substrate loading rate.
- An apparatus for use in treating a substrate comprising of mainly sterilised palm fruitlets wherein the substrate is conditioned using an enzymatic composition which could be a water based solution of one or several enzymes wherein the apparatus utilizes means to apply and spread the enzymatic solution on the substrate.
- An apparatus for use according to any one of items 1 -18 wherein the damaging means include cutting and bruising.
- An apparatus for use according to any of items 1 -14 wherein means of tossing are used to enhance the contact opportunity between the enzymatic composition and the substrate.
- An apparatus for use according to any of items 1 -14 and item 23 wherein means of tossing include stirring and flipping. 25.
- An apparatus for use according to any one of items 1 -14 or 29 wherein the means to apply the enzyme solution includes an air propellant assisted liquid delivery system.
- the apparatus utilizes means for damaging the MPD
- the apparatus utilizes means to toss the MPD
- the apparatus utilizes means to prepare a preheated dilution water to mix enzymes to be applied on the MPD;
- the apparatus utilizes means to mix the enzymatic composition immediately prior to the point of application on MPD;
- the apparatus utilizes means of adjusting the dosage of enzymatic composition applied to match the MPD load;
- the apparatus utilizes means to apply the enzymatic composition on the MPD;
- the apparatus utilizes means to treat the MPD in an enclosed area
- the apparatus utilizes means to filter and remove vapour from the enclosed area
- the apparatus utilizes means to recover excess liquid exiting the enclosed treatment area; the apparatus utilizes means to recycle excess liquid exiting the enclosed treatment area.
- the apparatus utilizes means for damaging the substrate
- the apparatus utilizes means to toss the substrate
- the apparatus utilizes means to prepare a preheated dilution water to mix enzymes to be applied on the substrate;
- the apparatus utilizes means to mix the enzymatic composition immediately prior to the point of application on substrate;
- the apparatus utilizes means of adjusting the dosage of enzymatic composition applied to match the substrate load;
- the apparatus utilizes means to apply the enzymatic composition on the substrate;
- the apparatus utilizes means to treat the substrate in an enclosed area
- the apparatus utilizes means to filter and remove vapour from the enclosed area
- the apparatus utilizes means to recover excess liquid exiting the enclosed treatment area; the apparatus utilizes means to recycle excess liquid exiting the enclosed treatment area.
- a method of treating palm fruitlets according to any of items 1 -51 wherein the method of treatment involves treating a substrate which is sterilized and threshed before it is digested.
- a method of treating palm fruitlets according to anyone of items 1 -51 comprising:
- an enzymatic composition is prepared by mixing preheated water with enzyme
- an enzymatic composition is mixed immediately prior to the point of application on substrate;
- an enzymatic composition dosage varies based on substrate load
- an enzymatic composition is applied by spraying through multiple units of spray nozzles, with or without air propellant assisted, through and within a liquid delivery system;
- a method of treating substrate in an enclosed area comprising:
- Means for bruising and cutting fruitlets 1 1 Means/device for stirring and/or flipping fruitlets
- Means / device for dosing enzymatic composition preferably being a water based solution of one or several enzyme(s) and fluid(s) preferably being water
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)
- Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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AU2017270259A AU2017270259B2 (en) | 2016-05-24 | 2017-05-24 | Apparatus and method for applying an enzyme preparation |
MYPI2018704211A MY195475A (en) | 2016-05-24 | 2017-05-24 | Apparatus and Method for Applying an Enzyme Preparation |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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MYPI2016701870 | 2016-05-24 | ||
MYPI2016701870 | 2016-05-24 | ||
MYPI2016704327 | 2016-11-22 | ||
MYPI2016704327 | 2016-11-22 |
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PCT/EP2017/062659 WO2017202983A1 (en) | 2016-05-24 | 2017-05-24 | Apparatus and method for applying an enzyme preparation |
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AU (1) | AU2017270259B2 (en) |
MY (1) | MY195475A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017202983A1 (en) |
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CN110747120A (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2020-02-04 | 海南勤富食品有限公司 | Environmental regulation and control system for tilapia factory |
Family Cites Families (6)
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GB866694A (en) * | 1959-02-16 | 1961-04-26 | Donald Spencer Cheesman | Improvements in or relating to washing apparatus |
FI83182C (en) * | 1989-12-27 | 1991-06-10 | Kone Oy | Tree barking method and apparatus |
WO2012011130A2 (en) | 2010-07-23 | 2012-01-26 | Advnaced Enzyme Technologies Ltd. | An enzyme composition and process for extracting oil from oil palm fruits |
CN102845618A (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2013-01-02 | 湖南环球科技农业发展有限公司 | Feed formula with post-coated liquid enzyme |
AU2015101377B4 (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2017-02-02 | Dupont Nutrition Biosciences Aps | Method of treating a palm fruit or a palm fruit liquid |
AU2016100385A4 (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2016-05-19 | Novozymes A/S | Process for extraction of palm oil using enzymes |
-
2017
- 2017-05-24 AU AU2017270259A patent/AU2017270259B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2017-05-24 WO PCT/EP2017/062659 patent/WO2017202983A1/en active Application Filing
- 2017-05-24 MY MYPI2018704211A patent/MY195475A/en unknown
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AU2017270259B2 (en) | 2021-11-18 |
AU2017270259A1 (en) | 2018-11-22 |
WO2017202983A1 (en) | 2017-11-30 |
MY195475A (en) | 2023-01-26 |
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