WO2017202836A1 - Studs of lined papers for non-supporting walls - Google Patents

Studs of lined papers for non-supporting walls Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017202836A1
WO2017202836A1 PCT/EP2017/062393 EP2017062393W WO2017202836A1 WO 2017202836 A1 WO2017202836 A1 WO 2017202836A1 EP 2017062393 W EP2017062393 W EP 2017062393W WO 2017202836 A1 WO2017202836 A1 WO 2017202836A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
latch
walls
paper
layers
latches
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2017/062393
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Kurt HÄRDIG
Patrik KÄMPE
Original Assignee
Wood Tube Sweden Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wood Tube Sweden Ab filed Critical Wood Tube Sweden Ab
Priority to EP17730389.8A priority Critical patent/EP3464745A1/en
Publication of WO2017202836A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017202836A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
    • E04B2/7407—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts
    • E04B2/7453—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts with panels and support posts, extending from floor to ceiling
    • E04B2/7457—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts with panels and support posts, extending from floor to ceiling with wallboards attached to the outer faces of the posts, parallel to the partition
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/28—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of materials not covered by groups E04C3/04 - E04C3/20
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/30—Columns; Pillars; Struts
    • E04C3/36—Columns; Pillars; Struts of materials not covered by groups E04C3/32 or E04C3/34; of a combination of two or more materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of using latches of paper spaced in the construction of non- supporting inner walls as well as a method of attaching building boards that are incorporated into the building structure on them.
  • latches can be made of materials other than conventional wood and steel, in this case of composite. From SE 7702029-5 it IS known to make a latch by combining wood and plastic materials. Composite/plastic is a significantly worse alternative from an environmental point of view than wood and it may not compete from a price point of view. In case of fire, such a latch will contain much more energy that will lead to heavy heat generation and harmful flue gases from the plastic, not just carbon dioxide.
  • Construction elements made from cellulose fibres, e.g. paper, would bring about many benefits in relation to the above disadvantages related to latches in alternate materials. Many solutions are known, but none that may fulfil required needs for a latch in as successful manner. From DE 29610779 there is known a modular system using building elements that are built by layers of fiber material, e.g. paper, wherein the focus is to use the paper building elements as a concrete shed to enable in situ building with concrete, i.e. providing a significantly less heavy structural element to be shipped than in conventional concrete building.
  • a latch in paper has significant environmental benefits, both in relation to composite, wood and steel. None of the previously known materials can achieve the economic benefits that a latch in paper can.
  • a latch is obtained which provides an easier-to-use product with high environmental and cost advantages, which meets durability requirements, etc. in comparison with known materials, i.e. mainly steel and wood.
  • the invention relates to a structural element which is primarily intended for use in houses and other buildings. Thanks to the invention, the working environment for construction workers will also be improved since a latch according to the invention of paper is substantially less heavy than known latches and hence better from a handling point of view, as well as possible to cut off without chip formation and with substantially noiseless methods. According to further preferred aspects of the invention;
  • the latch walls have a homogeneous thickness (T) in the range of 2.5-3.5 mm, which has shown to beneficial from many perspectives, e.g. strength.
  • the latch walls comprise 8-10 layers of a paper layer with a grammage of 170- 180 grams / m2, which has shown to beneficial from many perspectives, e.g. strength.
  • the paper layers are joined by a polyvinyl acetate adhesive, which has shown to beneficial from many perspectives, e.g. strength.
  • the paper layer is made by semi-chemical fluting, which has shown to beneficial from many perspectives, e.g. strength. It relates to a latch and latch attachment device, wherein the latch is fixed with its ends in a U-shaped fastening device, preferably an elongate U-shaped rail, preferably made of fibrous material, with several spaced apart latches (1), which provides a time and cost effective solution.
  • a U-shaped fastening device preferably an elongate U-shaped rail, preferably made of fibrous material, with several spaced apart latches (1), which provides a time and cost effective solution.
  • the invention also relates to a beneficial method of building a wall according to claim 10.
  • Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of an upper part of a latch according to the invention
  • Fig. 1A shows a schematic enlargement of a corner of this latch
  • Fig. 2 shows latches according to the invention inserted in a fastening rail.
  • a perspective view of a latch 1 is shown of one embodiment of the invention, presenting a hollow rectangular cross-section with a short wall 2 and a long wall 3.
  • the latch 1 is made up of a plurality of joined layers of paper 4.
  • the latch is preferably designed so that its short wall 2 has a width B which is substantially less than the corresponding cross- sectional length L of the longer wall 3, preferably the ratio is such that 2B> L> 1.3B.
  • the width B is 45 mm and the cross-sectional length L 70 mm.
  • the thickness of the wall is chosen to be about 2-5 mm, preferably 2.5-3.5 mm.
  • the walls 2,3 comprise 7-15 layers of a paper layer 4 (see Fig.
  • paper is used mainly made of short- fiber pulp, more preferably semi-chemical fluting, which is an advantageous choice because the short-fiber composition causes the paper to have a tight structure that provides good strength.
  • the paper layers 3 are joined with glue 5.
  • the adhesive used is preferably polyvinyl acetate, which is an advantageous choice because it is water-soluble and cost-effective.
  • the invention relates to a latch 1 as a structural element primarily for use in houses and other buildings, which means that requirements from consumers regarding the environment and price can be met without impairing other requirements.
  • latches are made of steel for building inner, non-supporting walls, alternatively wood, which, from several view-points, present disadvantages.
  • the construction of it has been made by winding several layers of paper layer 3 glued with, e.g. polyvinyl acetate, adhesive around a rectangular core (not shown) so that the total thickness is 2.5-3.5 mm.
  • the paper layers are suitably made from short- fiber pulp, preferably manufactured by semi-chemical fluting.
  • a latch is obtained with many advantages, as mentioned above. Further, tests have shown that with a construction element according to the invention a latch can be created of unexpectedly good strength. Below are test results produced at the test lab in BillerudKorsnas Gruvon, pressing a selected length of a latch from the side to investigate when it collapses. As shown below, the test equipment failed to collapse a latch of 450mm length. A 300mm length could handle a compression of
  • the latch 1 When used to build a wall (not shown), the latch 1 may be attached to a rail 7, which is attached parallel to the wall extension, on the floor and ceiling respectively.
  • Figure 2 that principle is schematically shown, i.e. how a latch 1 is attached, but here merely showing a floor rail 7 visible.
  • the latch 1 is inserted within the rail 7 with its short sides 2 parallel to the extension of the rail 7 and secured therein with the desired center-to- center distance, preferably 450 mm, by desired attachment means (not shown) e.g. screw or nail and/or glue.
  • desired attachment means e.g. screw or nail and/or glue.
  • building boards (not shown) can be attached to the shorter sides 2 of the latches 1.
  • the rigidity and strength when combined with building boards, such as a plasterboard, is fully sufficient to meet all the building requirements that authorities require.
  • the rail 7 is preferably shaped in such a way that it is U-shaped, which allows for easy alignment and attachment of latch ends and good bending stiffness in two planes.
  • the rail 7 may be a conventional steel rail, but preferably also a rail 7 made of a fiber material is used, more preferably with the same type of manufacturing principles as for the latches 1.
  • the paper latch 1 will not lead heat in the same way that metal does.
  • the paper latch 1 also contains no more than a fraction of the energy contained in a wood latch, whereby no significant amount of heat will develop by the latches in a fire. There is also only an insignificant amount of harmful flue gases in the event of fire.
  • a latch 1 in hollow-core paper also has the advantage of being able to process it with simple means, for example by means of a regular knife, e.g. to make holes in it for water and electricity pipes and/or to cut off it into desired lengths.
  • a regular knife e.g. to make holes in it for water and electricity pipes and/or to cut off it into desired lengths.
  • it is very light weight which is a great advantage from the working environment point of view.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a stud, which stud (1) comprises walls (2, 3) about a hollow core (6), said walls (2, 3) being made up of a plurality of joined layers of paper (4) surrounding said hollow core (6), said walls (2, 3) having a homogeneous thickness (T) in the range of 2-5 mm and comprising pairs of parallel walls (2, 3), with a first pair of shorter walls (2) having a width (B) substantially less than the corresponding cross-sectional length (L) of a second pair of parallel longer walls (3), wherein said walls (2, 3) comprise 7-15 layers of a paper layer (4) bonded with glue (5) with a grammage of 100-200 grams/m2.

Description

STUDS OF LINED PAPERS FOR NON-SUPPORTING WALLS
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a method of using latches of paper spaced in the construction of non- supporting inner walls as well as a method of attaching building boards that are incorporated into the building structure on them.
TECHNICAL BACKGROUND
The construction industry is affected as well as other areas of the environmental requirements that consumers demand in different stages. In addition, financial requirements are always imposed on the end products, which means there is a need for reduced costs. These requirements that are desired to be met must not be at the expense of something else, such as safety, strength, workplace environment or the like.
From, US 610308, it is known that latches can be made of materials other than conventional wood and steel, in this case of composite. From SE 7702029-5 it IS known to make a latch by combining wood and plastic materials. Composite/plastic is a significantly worse alternative from an environmental point of view than wood and it may not compete from a price point of view. In case of fire, such a latch will contain much more energy that will lead to heavy heat generation and harmful flue gases from the plastic, not just carbon dioxide.
Construction elements made from cellulose fibres, e.g. paper, would bring about many benefits in relation to the above disadvantages related to latches in alternate materials. Many solutions are known, but none that may fulfil required needs for a latch in as successful manner. From DE 29610779 there is known a modular system using building elements that are built by layers of fiber material, e.g. paper, wherein the focus is to use the paper building elements as a concrete shed to enable in situ building with concrete, i.e. providing a significantly less heavy structural element to be shipped than in conventional concrete building.
From WO 2015012692 and US 3159235 there are known foldable construction elements made up of corrugated board walls, which is rather complex and therefore relatively expensive. Further, from US 3238690 and GB 1391035D5 there are corrugated board elements in the form of supporting beams, i.e. large structural elements that are to carry heavy loads.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to greatly reduce environmental impact, price and fire risk compared with current latches, which is achieved by a latch according to claim 1.
Thanks to the invention, a structural element is obtained primarily for use in houses and other buildings where demands from consumers regarding the environment, fire risk and price can be more easily met, while at the same time building standards can be met. A latch in paper has significant environmental benefits, both in relation to composite, wood and steel. None of the previously known materials can achieve the economic benefits that a latch in paper can.
Thanks to the invention, a latch is obtained which provides an easier-to-use product with high environmental and cost advantages, which meets durability requirements, etc. in comparison with known materials, i.e. mainly steel and wood. The invention relates to a structural element which is primarily intended for use in houses and other buildings. Thanks to the invention, the working environment for construction workers will also be improved since a latch according to the invention of paper is substantially less heavy than known latches and hence better from a handling point of view, as well as possible to cut off without chip formation and with substantially noiseless methods. According to further preferred aspects of the invention;
the relation between the width (B) and corresponding cross-sectional length (L) is such that 2B> L> 1.3B, which has shown to beneficial from many
perspectives, e.g. strength.
The latch walls have a homogeneous thickness (T) in the range of 2.5-3.5 mm, which has shown to beneficial from many perspectives, e.g. strength.
The latch walls comprise 8-10 layers of a paper layer with a grammage of 170- 180 grams / m2, which has shown to beneficial from many perspectives, e.g. strength.
the paper layers are joined by a polyvinyl acetate adhesive, which has shown to beneficial from many perspectives, e.g. strength.
the paper layer is made by semi-chemical fluting, which has shown to beneficial from many perspectives, e.g. strength. It relates to a latch and latch attachment device, wherein the latch is fixed with its ends in a U-shaped fastening device, preferably an elongate U-shaped rail, preferably made of fibrous material, with several spaced apart latches (1), which provides a time and cost effective solution.
The invention also relates to a beneficial method of building a wall according to claim 10.
BRIEF FIGURE DESCRIPTION
In the following, the invention will be described in more detail, with reference to the two accompanying figures wherein;
Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of an upper part of a latch according to the invention, Fig. 1A shows a schematic enlargement of a corner of this latch, and,
Fig. 2 shows latches according to the invention inserted in a fastening rail. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In Figure 1, a perspective view of a latch 1 is shown of one embodiment of the invention, presenting a hollow rectangular cross-section with a short wall 2 and a long wall 3. The latch 1 is made up of a plurality of joined layers of paper 4. The latch is preferably designed so that its short wall 2 has a width B which is substantially less than the corresponding cross- sectional length L of the longer wall 3, preferably the ratio is such that 2B> L> 1.3B. In a most preferred embodiment, the width B is 45 mm and the cross-sectional length L 70 mm. The thickness of the wall is chosen to be about 2-5 mm, preferably 2.5-3.5 mm. According to a preferred embodiment, the walls 2,3 comprise 7-15 layers of a paper layer 4 (see Fig. 1A) with a grammage of 150-200 grams / m2, more preferred of 8-10 layers of a paper layer 4 with a grammage of 170- 180 grams / m2. Preferably, paper is used mainly made of short- fiber pulp, more preferably semi-chemical fluting, which is an advantageous choice because the short-fiber composition causes the paper to have a tight structure that provides good strength.
The paper layers 3 are joined with glue 5. The adhesive used is preferably polyvinyl acetate, which is an advantageous choice because it is water-soluble and cost-effective. The invention relates to a latch 1 as a structural element primarily for use in houses and other buildings, which means that requirements from consumers regarding the environment and price can be met without impairing other requirements. Today, for the most part, latches are made of steel for building inner, non-supporting walls, alternatively wood, which, from several view-points, present disadvantages. With the inventive latch 1, there is provided a more easy-to-use product with great environmental and cost advantages that, in principle, meet all the requirements in terms of durability, etc., as competing materials have.
The latch 1 preferably has outer dimensions B = 45 and L = 70 mm and a hollow core 6, see Fig. 1. The construction of it has been made by winding several layers of paper layer 3 glued with, e.g. polyvinyl acetate, adhesive around a rectangular core (not shown) so that the total thickness is 2.5-3.5 mm. The paper layers are suitably made from short- fiber pulp, preferably manufactured by semi-chemical fluting.
Thanks to the invention, a latch is obtained with many advantages, as mentioned above. Further, tests have shown that with a construction element according to the invention a latch can be created of unexpectedly good strength. Below are test results produced at the test lab in BillerudKorsnas Gruvon, pressing a selected length of a latch from the side to investigate when it collapses. As shown below, the test equipment failed to collapse a latch of 450mm length. A 300mm length could handle a compression of
Figure imgf000005_0001
When used to build a wall (not shown), the latch 1 may be attached to a rail 7, which is attached parallel to the wall extension, on the floor and ceiling respectively. In Figure 2, that principle is schematically shown, i.e. how a latch 1 is attached, but here merely showing a floor rail 7 visible. The latch 1 is inserted within the rail 7 with its short sides 2 parallel to the extension of the rail 7 and secured therein with the desired center-to- center distance, preferably 450 mm, by desired attachment means (not shown) e.g. screw or nail and/or glue. Then, building boards (not shown) can be attached to the shorter sides 2 of the latches 1. The rigidity and strength when combined with building boards, such as a plasterboard, is fully sufficient to meet all the building requirements that authorities require. The rail 7 is preferably shaped in such a way that it is U-shaped, which allows for easy alignment and attachment of latch ends and good bending stiffness in two planes. The rail 7 may be a conventional steel rail, but preferably also a rail 7 made of a fiber material is used, more preferably with the same type of manufacturing principles as for the latches 1. In case of fire, the paper latch 1 will not lead heat in the same way that metal does. The paper latch 1 also contains no more than a fraction of the energy contained in a wood latch, whereby no significant amount of heat will develop by the latches in a fire. There is also only an insignificant amount of harmful flue gases in the event of fire.
A latch 1 in hollow-core paper also has the advantage of being able to process it with simple means, for example by means of a regular knife, e.g. to make holes in it for water and electricity pipes and/or to cut off it into desired lengths. In addition, it is very light weight which is a great advantage from the working environment point of view.
The invention is not limited to what has been described above, but may be varied within the scope of the appended claims. It will be appreciated, for example, that fastening of the latches can be done otherwise than by means of a rail, e.g. In the form of separate attachment members.

Claims

1. A latch for buildings, which latch (1) comprises walls (2, 3) about a hollow core (6), said walls (2, 3) being made up of a plurality of joined layers of paper (4) surrounding said hollow core (6), said walls (2, 3) having a homogeneous thickness (T) in the range of 2-5 mm and comprising pairs of parallel walls (2, 3), with a first pair of shorter walls (2) having a width (B) substantially less than the corresponding cross- sectional length (L) of a second pair of parallel longer walls (3), characterized in that said walls (2, 3) comprise 7-15 layers of a paper layer (4) bonded with glue (5) with a grammage of 100- 200 grams/m2.
2. A latch according to claim 1, characterized in the relation between said width (B) and corresponding cross-sectional length (L) is such that 2B> L> 1.3B.
3. A latch according to claim 1, characterized in that said walls (2, 3) have a
homogeneous thickness (T) in the range of 2.5-3.5 mm.
4. A latch according to claim 1, characterized in that said walls (2, 3) comprise 8-10 layers of a paper layer (4) with a grammage of 170-180 grams / m2.
5. A latch according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said paper layer (4) is joined by a polyvinyl acetate adhesive (5).
6. A latch according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that said paper layer (4) is made by semi-chemical fluting.
7. A latch and latch attachment device, comprising a latch (1) as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the latch (1) is fixed with its ends in a U-shaped fastening device (7).
8. A latch and latch attachment device according to claim 7, characterized in that said fastening device (7) is an elongate rail with several spaced apart latches (1).
9. A latch and latch attachment device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that said fastening device (7) is made of a fibrous material.
10. A method of building a wall using a fastening device (1) with attachment means according to any one of claims 8 to 9, comprising fastening of parallel-mounted rails (7) longitudinally with a wall extension on the floor and the ceiling and fastening of the latches (1) with a desired distance between them with their ends in said rails (7) in such a way that the shorter sides (2) of the latches extend parallel to the longitudinal extent of the rails (7).
PCT/EP2017/062393 2016-05-24 2017-05-23 Studs of lined papers for non-supporting walls WO2017202836A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17730389.8A EP3464745A1 (en) 2016-05-24 2017-05-23 Studs of lined papers for non-supporting walls

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE1650713-9 2016-05-24
SE1650713A SE541248C2 (en) 2016-05-24 2016-05-24 Rule of wrapped paper for non-load-bearing walls, rule with fastening device and method

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017202836A1 true WO2017202836A1 (en) 2017-11-30

Family

ID=59067622

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2017/062393 WO2017202836A1 (en) 2016-05-24 2017-05-23 Studs of lined papers for non-supporting walls

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP3464745A1 (en)
SE (1) SE541248C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2017202836A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE2150369A1 (en) * 2021-03-26 2022-09-27 Wood Tube Sweden Ab Furniture support frame comprising ribs made from a plurality of joined layers of paper
SE2250497A1 (en) * 2022-04-25 2023-10-26 Clever Group Ab A wall stud

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US610308A (en) 1898-09-06 Expansion-anchor
US1473842A (en) * 1918-07-10 1923-11-13 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Structural element
US3159235A (en) 1961-05-01 1964-12-01 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Acoustical partitions
US3238690A (en) 1960-03-11 1966-03-08 Reinforced Plastic Container C Composite beam
GB1391035A (en) 1972-02-11 1975-04-16 Panokraft Corp Ltd Building module and buildings constructed therefrom
SE7702029A (en) 1977-02-23 1978-08-23 Sture Samuelsson EASY RULE FOR BUILDING END
JPH07217070A (en) * 1994-02-08 1995-08-15 Yoshino Sekko Kk Building interior-exterior finish structural materials
DE29610779U1 (en) 1996-06-19 1997-08-21 PAL Palettensysteme Ges.m.b.H., Lustenau Modular system for manufacturing components, especially for interior and exterior construction
WO2015012692A1 (en) 2013-07-24 2015-01-29 Unda Maris Holding N.V. Elongated construction element

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1150473A (en) * 1980-06-30 1983-07-26 Joseph W. Schneller Collapsible, lightweight building stud
EP3415443A1 (en) * 2012-03-22 2018-12-19 Sca Forest Products AB Packaging construction and blank therefore

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US610308A (en) 1898-09-06 Expansion-anchor
US1473842A (en) * 1918-07-10 1923-11-13 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Structural element
US3238690A (en) 1960-03-11 1966-03-08 Reinforced Plastic Container C Composite beam
US3159235A (en) 1961-05-01 1964-12-01 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Acoustical partitions
GB1391035A (en) 1972-02-11 1975-04-16 Panokraft Corp Ltd Building module and buildings constructed therefrom
SE7702029A (en) 1977-02-23 1978-08-23 Sture Samuelsson EASY RULE FOR BUILDING END
JPH07217070A (en) * 1994-02-08 1995-08-15 Yoshino Sekko Kk Building interior-exterior finish structural materials
DE29610779U1 (en) 1996-06-19 1997-08-21 PAL Palettensysteme Ges.m.b.H., Lustenau Modular system for manufacturing components, especially for interior and exterior construction
WO2015012692A1 (en) 2013-07-24 2015-01-29 Unda Maris Holding N.V. Elongated construction element

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE2150369A1 (en) * 2021-03-26 2022-09-27 Wood Tube Sweden Ab Furniture support frame comprising ribs made from a plurality of joined layers of paper
WO2022200121A1 (en) * 2021-03-26 2022-09-29 Wood Tube Sweden Ab Furniture support frame
SE544788C2 (en) * 2021-03-26 2022-11-15 Wood Tube Sweden Ab Furniture support frame comprising ribs made from a plurality of joined layers of paper
SE2250497A1 (en) * 2022-04-25 2023-10-26 Clever Group Ab A wall stud
WO2023211342A1 (en) * 2022-04-25 2023-11-02 Clever-Group Ab A wall stud made of hardboard
SE2250497A2 (en) * 2022-04-25 2024-04-09 Umazing Ab A wall stud made of hardboard
SE546118C2 (en) * 2022-04-25 2024-05-28 Umazing Ab A wall stud made of hardboard

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SE1650713A1 (en) 2017-11-25
SE541248C2 (en) 2019-05-14
EP3464745A1 (en) 2019-04-10

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