WO2017198225A1 - 淡化海水及提取海盐的方法和设施 - Google Patents

淡化海水及提取海盐的方法和设施 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017198225A1
WO2017198225A1 PCT/CN2017/085143 CN2017085143W WO2017198225A1 WO 2017198225 A1 WO2017198225 A1 WO 2017198225A1 CN 2017085143 W CN2017085143 W CN 2017085143W WO 2017198225 A1 WO2017198225 A1 WO 2017198225A1
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Prior art keywords
water tank
magnetic field
sorting
seawater
concentrated
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PCT/CN2017/085143
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
熊长伦
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深圳市那尼科技有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201610651864.9A external-priority patent/CN106167292A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201610846665.3A external-priority patent/CN107840419A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201710280363.9A external-priority patent/CN107601626A/zh
Application filed by 深圳市那尼科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市那尼科技有限公司
Publication of WO2017198225A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017198225A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/023—Separation using Lorentz force, i.e. deflection of electrically charged particles in a magnetic field
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/48—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of marine chemicals, and in particular to a method for desalinating seawater and extracting sea salt, and a facility for desalinating seawater and extracting sea salt.
  • the ocean is a treasure trove of resources.
  • salt in the sea.
  • chemical components in the classification of ingredients.
  • elements in the classification of elements.
  • desalination which provides fresh water for the production and life of the people of the world.
  • the second is the extraction of substances.
  • Some extract salt, and some extract salt to obtain certain elements, such as extracting magnesium.
  • seawater desalination At present, the cost of seawater desalination is very high, reaching about 1.50 US dollars per cubic meter.
  • the composition of seawater is very complex.
  • the global ocean has a salt content of 500 million tons. It also contains a large number of very rare elements and is the largest mineral resource pool on the planet.
  • the use of marine resources is an important prerequisite for the sustainable development of human survival.
  • the world extracts more than 2 billion tons of fresh water and 50 million tons of salt per year from the sea. More than 2.6 million tons of magnesium and magnesium oxide, 200,000 tons of bromine, the total output value of more than 600 million US dollars.
  • water accounts for about 96.5%, and the rest is mainly a variety of dissolved salts and minerals, as well as dissolved gases from the atmosphere such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
  • the average salt content of the world's oceans is about 3.5%.
  • a salt layer of about 40 meters thick will be formed. More than 80 chemical elements have been found in seawater.
  • the chemical elements that make up seawater, in addition to the hydrogen and oxygen that make up water, are mostly in an ionic state, mainly including 11 kinds of chlorine, sodium, magnesium, sulfur, calcium, potassium, bromine, carbon, fluorine, etc., which account for all of the seawater. 99% of the dissolved element content; the remaining elements are very small, called trace elements.
  • the salt used in daily life is produced by evaporation of sea water. This method is very slow, and it can only satisfy people's daily life. It can only produce sea salt of various ingredients, can not get a single ingredient or is very expensive.
  • More than 20 kinds of global desalination technologies including reverse osmosis, low multi-effect, multi-stage flash, electrodialysis, steam distillation, dew point evaporation, hydropower cogeneration, thermal membrane co-production, and utilization of nuclear, solar, and wind energy , tidal energy desalination technology, etc., as well as micro-filtration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and many other pre-treatment and post-treatment processes, from the perspective of large classification, mainly divided into two major categories of distillation (thermal method) and membrane method
  • this method is not suitable for a large number of seawater desalination processes, that is to say, the current desalination technology has two major drawbacks, one is high cost and the other is small production.
  • Desalination of seawater and extraction of salt actually requires a technique of separating the water and salt from the seawater, obtaining a highly concentrated salt solution, and then obtaining the salt, and then obtaining a certain substance, while obtaining pure fresh water.
  • the salt in the sea is salty when it is dissolved.
  • the salt is in the form of ions in the sea. These ions are always doing Brownian motion. If you want to extract a certain salt from the sea or use the extracted salt to make an element, you need to have a strong seawater purification technology, especially for the extraction of trace elements in the sea, and you need to do a lot of extraction work.
  • These ions are comparable to the size of water molecules, so it is difficult to desalinate by filtration, etc., but if charged according to ions Features are played down, so it's much simpler.
  • the present disclosure provides a facility for desalinating seawater and extracting sea salt, which is mainly divided into two facilities.
  • One is a facility for desalinating seawater, which divides seawater into fresh water and concentrated seawater, and desalinated seawater is actually concentrated seawater, but the collection is only a part of fresh water.
  • the concentrated seawater part the second is the facility for sorting the sea salt.
  • the sorting of the salt is to sort out the desired salt, which is the facility for treating the concentrated seawater part of the desalinated seawater to extract the salt. Generally, it is first There are other ways to concentrate the seawater before sorting it and then concentrating it.
  • the present disclosure provides a facility for desalinating seawater and extracting sea salt, including:
  • the concentrated water tank comprises a concentrated salt water tank and a concentrated fresh water tank, the concentrated water tank being non-parallel to a magnetic field line of the magnetic field;
  • the sorting tank comprises a sorting salt water tank, a sorting fresh water tank, two partitions, and an outer wall of the sorting water tank, the sorting water tank being non-parallel to the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field;
  • a sea salt extraction device configured to obtain a sea salt solution from the sorting tank and extract sea salt from the sea salt solution
  • the seawater is pumped into the concentrated water tank in the magnetic field environment at a certain speed (first speed), fresh water is collected from the concentrated fresh water tank of the concentrated water tank, and the remaining seawater is collected from the concentrated salt water tank, and the remaining water is collected
  • the seawater is pumped into the sorting tank in the magnetic field environment at a certain speed (second speed), the area where the ions appear is calculated, and the positive ion solution and the negative ion solution are collected, and the positive ion solution and the negative ion solution are mixed according to the same amount of electricity to obtain the sea salt solution. .
  • the distance from the inlet port of the concentrating water tank to the inlet port of the condensed fresh water tank is set such that the ions in the seawater have been completed before the ions reach the fresh water inlet port of the condensed water tank in Lorentz The movement under the force.
  • the cross section of the fresh water tank of the concentrating tank is concentric with the cross section of the sump of the concentrating tank.
  • the length of the sorted salt water tank is set such that the ions in the seawater have completed the movement under the Lorentz force before the ions reach the end of the salt water tank of the sorting tank.
  • ions are separated according to the different trajectories of different ions in the magnetic field of the sorting trough, that is, the order of arrival to the outer wall of the sorting trough.
  • the speed (first speed and second speed) of the sea water pump into the concentrated water tank and the sorting water tank in the magnetic field environment is 0.5 m / 500 - per second.
  • the magnetic field of the condensed water tank and the magnetic field of the sorting water tank are both earth magnetic fields.
  • the diameter of the circular circle is 0.001 m - 5.000 m
  • the concentrated water tank is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the trough body and the magnetic field lines of the vertical magnetic field.
  • the width in the direction is 0.001 m - 5.000 m.
  • the sorting trough has a width in a direction perpendicular to a length of the trough body and a direction perpendicular to a magnetic field line of the working magnetic field thereof of 0.001 m to 5.000 m.
  • the angle between the length direction and the vertical direction of the condensed water tank and the sorting water tank and the direction of the magnetic field lines of the earth magnetic field are less than 45 degrees.
  • the present disclosure also provides a method for desalinating seawater and extracting sea salt, comprising:
  • the concentrated water tank includes a concentrated salt water tank and a concentrated fresh water tank, the concentrated water tank being non-parallel to a magnetic field line of the magnetic field, the sea water
  • the positive and negative ions in the middle move in different directions under the action of Lorentz force;
  • the water tank includes a sorting salt water tank, a sorting fresh water tank, two partitions, and an outer wall of the sorting water tank, the sorting water tank and the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field are not parallel;
  • Sea salt is extracted from the sea salt solution.
  • the magnetic field of the condensed water tank and the magnetic field of the sorting water tank are both earth magnetic fields.
  • the speed (first speed and second speed) of the sea water pump into the concentrated water tank and the sorting water tank in the magnetic field environment is 0.5 m / 500 - per second.
  • the distance from the inlet port of the concentrated water tank to the inlet port of the concentrated fresh water tank is set such that the ions in the seawater have been completed under the action of Lorentz force before the ions reach the fresh water inlet port of the concentrated water tank. motion.
  • the cross section of the fresh water tank of the concentrating tank is concentric with the cross section of the sump of the concentrating tank.
  • the length of the sorted salt water tank is set such that the ions in the seawater have completed the movement under the Lorentz force before the ions reach the end of the salt water tank of the sorting tank.
  • ions are separated according to the different trajectories of different ions in the magnetic field of the sorting trough, that is, the order of arrival to the outer wall of the sorting trough.
  • the diameter of the circular circle is 0.001 m - 5.000 m
  • the concentrated water tank is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the trough body and the direction of the magnetic field line of the vertical magnetic field.
  • the width is 0.001 m - 5.000 m.
  • the sorting trough has a width in the direction perpendicular to the length of the trough and perpendicular to the magnetic field lines of its working magnetic field of 0.001 m to 5.000 m.
  • the length of the condensed water tank and the sorting tank and the magnetic field of the earth's magnetic field is less than 45 degrees.
  • a facility for desalinating seawater is to pump seawater into an electric or magnetic field at a certain speed (the electric field and the magnetic field can also be used at the same time).
  • the ions in the seawater move under the action of electromagnetic force, and the plasma completes the electromagnetic force. After the next movement, fresh water without ions will be left in the middle area, and then it can be cut off with a fresh water tank.
  • the use of electric fields and the use of magnetic fields to desalinate seawater is different.
  • the use of electric fields is energy intensive, but the use of magnetic fields does not theoretically consume energy. This equipment is actually a sink or water pipe through which fresh water and concentrated seawater can be obtained by seawater.
  • Figure 1 Front view of a single electric field processing unit.
  • Figure 2 Rear view of a single electric field processing unit.
  • Figure 3 Internal structure of a single electric field processing unit.
  • Figure 4 Front view of multiple electric field processing units.
  • Figure 5 Analysis diagram of a single electric field processing unit.
  • Figure 6 Front view of a single magnetic field processing unit.
  • Figure 7 Internal structure of a single magnetic field processing unit.
  • Figure 8 Rear view of a single magnetic field processing unit.
  • Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the magnet plus coil.
  • Figure 10 Front view of multiple magnetic field processing units.
  • Figure 11 Analysis diagram of a single magnetic field processing unit.
  • Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the water tank with the magnetic field line in the vertical direction.
  • Figure 13 Internal structure diagram of the water tank with the magnetic field line in the vertical direction.
  • Figure 14 A simplified view of a sink of other shapes.
  • Figure 15 A simplified view of a sink of other shapes.
  • Figure 16 A schematic view of a circular shaped sink.
  • Figure 17 A simplified view of a circular sink and a water tank placed high (a common form of desalination).
  • Figure 18 Schematic diagram of a circular sink and a water tank placed high (a commonly used form of desalination).
  • Figure 19 Analysis diagram of a single magnetic field sorting processing unit.
  • Figure 20 A simplified diagram of a single magnetic field sorting processing unit.
  • Figure 21 Evolution of a single magnetic field sorting processing unit.
  • Figure 22 Distribution map of the ion collection area of a single magnetic field sorting processing unit.
  • Figure 23 A simplified view of the small inlet sorting tank.
  • Figure 24 Analysis of the small inlet sorting tank.
  • the strong magnetic environment can be very powerful.
  • the maglev train that already runs the train is so heavy, can float up, then it is ok to separate the ions, the magnetic field can also be very small.
  • the smallest magnetic field is the Earth's magnetic field, which is about 5x10 -5 Tesla. Because the Earth's magnetic field is everywhere, other magnetic fields will be larger than this Earth's magnetic field.
  • the electric field is used to desalinate seawater or concentrated seawater.
  • the structure of the equipment and facilities is shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3. It is mainly divided into electrodes, concentrated water tanks, etc.
  • the concentrated water tank is divided into large concentrated salt water tanks outside and Inside the small concentrated fresh water tank.
  • the distance between the two poles of the electrode can be determined according to the magnitude of the voltage, etc., and the voltage can be farther away.
  • the water outside the concentrated fresh water tank is the concentrated sea water, which can be placed. Returning to the sea, you can also carry out a further desalination, but once again, the desalination efficiency will be lower, you can collect it and then concentrate it. If it is concentrated to a certain proportion of salt solution, you can extract the salt, or you can concentrate the seawater. Infused into a swimming pool, this pool became a man-made Dead Sea and became a kind of amusement facility.
  • the port of the concentrated fresh water tank should be separated from the port of the concentrated salt water tank by a certain distance. The purpose is to collect the fresh water after the movement of the electric field is completed.
  • the concentrated fresh water tank should also be in the middle of the concentrated salt water tank, so that the distance between the ions on both sides should be equal.
  • the concentrated light water tank should also be placed in the electric field, so that the concentrated water tank collects fresh water, otherwise the ions return to the middle. It’s gone in the area, and the concentrated sink is not fresh water. If the collected fresh water does not meet the requirements, it can be further diluted, the same process as the previous one.
  • the structure of the multiple processing units is shown in Figure 4. Each side of the electrode is filled with water with only positively charged or only negatively charged ions. When the two waters are brought together, the salt concentration is higher. Sea water.
  • This equipment and facilities only the electrode plate is made of conductive metal, other parts can be made of plastic and other materials, the electrode plate should also be insulated from seawater when used, only the electric field can be provided, but Can't turn on. Therefore, this equipment has strong corrosion resistance and does not require any maintenance.
  • One or more sinks can be placed between each pair of electrodes to perform the same function. Because the electric field force has nothing to do with the initial velocity of the seawater, it is only related to the ion charge and electric field strength. Therefore, the concentrated water tank does not need to be long.
  • the equipment and facilities are small in size and suitable for use on ships.
  • the quality of this desalinated or concentrated water is determined by several parameters (in terms of using an electric field to dilute or concentrate seawater): the composition of seawater at the same location is not much different, not as a parameter, 1, V, imported seawater Flow rate; 2, L1, the distance of the concentrated water tank in the direction perpendicular to the two electrode plates; 3, U, the voltage between the two electrode plates; 4, L2, the distance from the inlet end of the concentrated salt water tank to the inlet end of the concentrated fresh water tank; L3, the distance from the inlet end of the concentrated fresh water tank in the direction perpendicular to the two electrode plates. Since salt accounts for only three percent of seawater, L1 is larger than L3, but not much larger.
  • L1, L2, L3 are the parameters of the equipment and facilities. They will not change. After the equipment and facilities are completed, they will not change.
  • the Lorentz force is suitable for the left-hand rule, it is to open the left hand, let the magnetic force line pass from the palm of the hand to the back of the hand, and the direction of the four fingers is water.
  • the direction of the flow, the direction of the thumb is the direction of the Lorentz force or the opposite direction, the cation and the direction of the water flow, then the direction of the force is the direction of the thumb, the direction of the anion is the thumb
  • the opposite direction of the finger that is, the Lorentz force is perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field line and the velocity of the ion motion.
  • the direction of the ion motion is different from the direction of motion in the electric field force, and the angle of 90 degrees is turned, that is, the concentration in the magnetic field.
  • the setting of the sink and the concentrated sink in the electric field is different, but the anion and cations will move in two different directions, and the plasma will go to both sides of the concentrated salt water tank.
  • the middle part of the concentrated salt water tank will leave fresh water without ions, and then pass through the concentrated fresh water tank (the cross section of the concentrated fresh water tank is concentric with the cross section of the concentrated salt water tank, that is, the concentrated fresh water tank is placed in the concentrated salt water tank. Center) separating fresh water from the rest of the seawater, then there is a lot of salty water flowing outside the concentrated fresh water tank. In the concentrated fresh water tank, there is no fresh water with little ions or ions.
  • the water outside the concentrated fresh water tank flows to the other end of the concentrated fresh water tank under the action of water pressure, and the water in the concentrated fresh water tank is intercepted and collected, and the water outside the concentrated fresh water tank is concentrated.
  • Sea water can be returned to the sea, or it can be diluted once more, but once it is diluted or concentrated, the efficiency will be lower, it can be collected and concentrated, and then concentrated to a certain proportion of salt solution.
  • the port of the concentrated fresh water tank should be separated from the port of the concentrated salt water tank by a certain distance. The purpose is to collect the fresh water after the movement of the plasma is completed by the Lorentz force.
  • the concentrated fresh water tank should also be placed in a magnetic field, so that the fresh water collected in the fresh water tank is fresh water, otherwise the ions do Brown motion and return to the middle area.
  • the concentrated light water tank collects not fresh water. If the collected fresh water does not meet the requirements, it can be further diluted, the same process as the previous one.
  • This magnet can be made by adding a core to the coil or by using only a magnetic plate. See Figure 9. There are many coils with iron cores arranged side by side. Each magnet has N and S poles. Arranged in the same direction, all S poles are in one direction. The space between every two magnets can dilute the sea.
  • the structure of the plurality of processing units is shown in Fig. 10.
  • Each of the electromagnets is water with only positively charged or only negatively charged ions on both sides, and the two kinds of water are brought together to form a seawater having a higher salt concentration. It is.
  • the anions in seawater are generally heavier than the cations, and it is considered that the cations move upward and the anions move downward.
  • Each pair of magnetic poles can be placed with one or more concentrated water tanks, which can play the same role. Since a plurality of magnets are placed side by side, the magnetism has mutual interaction, so the magnetic lines are placed horizontally, and the ions are better to move up and down.
  • F QVBsinA
  • A the angle between the flow direction of water and the magnetic line.
  • a magnetic field to dilute or concentrate seawater is different from the use of an electric field to dilute or concentrate seawater.
  • electric field force and magnetic field force that is, Lorentz force
  • the magnet and the electrode are placed in the same position, and the two forces are 90 degrees apart. So the sink is turned 90 degrees accordingly.
  • seawater composition is not a parameter, 1, V, the flow rate of the inlet seawater; 2, L1, concentrated salt water tank in the direction of vertical water flow and vertical magnetic field line Dimensions; 3, E, magnetic field strength; 4, L2, the distance from the inlet end of the seawater to the inlet end of the concentrated fresh water; 5, L3, concentrated fresh water tank
  • E magnetic field strength
  • 4 L2 the distance from the inlet end of the seawater to the inlet end of the concentrated fresh water
  • 5, L3, concentrated fresh water tank The size of the vertical water flow and the vertical magnetic field lines, the center of the concentrated fresh water tank is also placed in the center of the concentrated salt water tank, see Figure 11. Since salt accounts for only three percent of seawater, L1 is larger than L3, but not much larger.
  • the complex, the radius of the chelate is larger, and the ion with a small radius of motion can be controlled.
  • This can be achieved by first using a weak magnetic field to complete the movement of ions with a small radius and then using a strong magnetic field to reduce the radius of motion of the complex and the chelate, and to reduce the movement time of such large ions.
  • This is called a piecewise magnetic field.
  • Each parameter will affect the desalination result.
  • the five parameters can be coordinated to achieve the movement under the action of Lorentz force in the distance from the seawater flow to the concentrated fresh water inlet. Into fresh water provides the necessary conditions.
  • L1, L2, L3 are the parameters of the equipment and facilities. They will not change. After the equipment and facilities are completed, they will not change.
  • L2 is the parameter (that is, the inlet end of the concentrated water tank is The distance from the inlet end of the concentrated fresh water tank is adjustable, and in most cases this parameter is adjusted.
  • the magnetic lines of force can also be used in the vertical direction, see Figure 12, Figure 13.
  • the value of L3/L1 can be from 0.1 to 0.9, because the salt accounts for only 3% of seawater, even 5%, 5% of each side, even 10%, in order to ensure safety, 60% is preferred, that is, faded out
  • the ratio of fresh water to the rest of the sea is 1.5, of course, it can be based on Other ratios are used.
  • the ratio of the diluted fresh water to the remaining seawater is 1.5.
  • This seawater contains 90% of the components, sodium ions, chloride ions, calcium ions, sulfate ions, carbonate ions and other common ions, because the cations are almost always in the form of hydrated ions, and each hydrated ion has properties.
  • the parameters such as the size of the ion charge, the size of the ion, the mass of the ion, etc., can affect the movement speed of the ions in the magnetic field to set various parameters. These ions are generally small, and they are always moving at high speed. According to the ratio of atomic weight to charge, in the cation, the movement radius of magnesium ions is 12, calcium ion 20, sodium ion 23, which are the majority. Cation.
  • the cations are all in the form of hydrated ions, the actual radius will be larger, and the cation hydrated ions are not very clear.
  • the numerous ion motions here are a very complex motion because the Lorentz force is a change.
  • Direction so the movement of ions can not be expressed by a simple formula, here only the method idea. Therefore, the strength of the magnetic field can be determined by the local magnetic field strength of the earth. Therefore, the construction cost of the equipment is lower, and it is not necessary to use a magnet, and the magnet is not added with a coil to enhance the magnetism.
  • the speed of the water flow is proportional to the size of the concentrated water tank. It is said that there is a small pair of values in the two parameters. Preferably, this value will be different depending on the place, so the seawater speed is 0.5M/S--500M/S, and 20M/S is the best, preferably.
  • the condensed water tank can be square or other shapes. As shown in Fig. 14, Fig. 15, it can also be made circular. As shown in Fig. 16, the circular shape is better, because if other shapes are twisted, It will affect the production effect.
  • the diameter of the inner cavity is smaller than the radius of the ion motion measured according to the seawater flow rate.
  • the size below the radius is acceptable.
  • the sea water flow rate is greater than a certain critical value.
  • the better the water quality for example, when the water speed is 20 meters per second, if the minimum radius of rotation of these ions is 0.020 meters, the size of the concentrated water tank in the direction of vertical water flow and vertical magnetic line is less than this 0.020.
  • the relationship between the flow rate of seawater and the size of the water tank is very complicated. It can only be said that the interval between the two variables is 0.5 m to 500 m per second.
  • the size of the concentrated trough in the direction of vertical and vertical lines of force can be 0.001 m. -5.000 m, as shown in Fig. 11, if a square concentrated water tank or a concentrated water tank of other shapes is used, the width of the inner section of the concentrated water tank in the direction of the vertical water flow and the vertical magnetic field line is also the L1 size in Fig. 11.
  • the dimension in the direction of the vertical water flow and the vertical magnetic line of force can also be required to be in the range of 0.001-5.000 meters, which is equal to the diameter of the water pipe, and if the earth magnetic field is used, the gravity direction of the inner cavity of the concentrated water tank (that is, vertical) The direction) should be between 0.001 and 5.000 meters.
  • the length of the water tank may be 500 meters, it may be 2000 meters, or it may be longer. It can be done by extruding plastic shaped materials with a plastic extruder. The length can be set at 0.01-3000.0 meters. The longer the water pipe, the lower the salinity of the desalinated seawater.
  • the size of the concentrated water tank in the direction of vertical water flow and vertical magnetic field line is certain, and these ions can be completed in Lorentz force.
  • the length of the concentrated tank needs to be 100 meters, then the length of the concentrated tank is 100 to positive infinity.
  • the calculated value is 0.02, but this is the resistance that does not count in the water. Because the resistance of the water is unknown, this length is unknown. Maybe 100 meters, maybe very long. It is better to use plastic water pipes directly.
  • the circular water pipes will not affect the desalination when twisted a few times. In the case of high pressure, the square concentrated water tank will also become round. , The circular concentrated water tank will not change any more.
  • the circular concentrated water tank can withstand high pressure.
  • This circular water pipe can be made of PPR plastic pipe. This pipe can withstand high pressure. Now the building uses it instead of iron pipe.
  • the water pipe can be placed according to the vertical earth magnetic field line, basically placed in the east-west direction. If a concentrated water tank is used, the size of the concentrated water tank in the direction of gravity should be within 0.001-5.000 meters, and the direction of gravity is the vertical direction, the upper and lower directions.
  • the seawater flow rate is 20 M/s.
  • the size of the concentrated water tank in the direction of vertical water flow and vertical magnetic flux is 0.020 meters.
  • the magnetic field is a local earth magnetic field of about 5 x 10 -5 Tesla.
  • the magnetic field must be very small.
  • the speed of Brownian motion is about 0.2M/S. Only when the water velocity is much higher than this speed, Lorentz The effect of force will be more obvious, so the speed of water flow must also be large.
  • the size of the concentrated water tank will be as large as normal, and the size between 10 mm and 100 mm will make it possible to achieve desalinated seawater or concentrate.
  • the method of ensuring the initial velocity of the water flow can be made into a similar infusion sample.
  • a water tank is set at a high place, and a water pump is used to fill the water tank. When the water is too much, it overflows, so that the height of the water tank is constant, and the height difference between the water tank and the concentrated water tank can be ensured. Unchanged, the initial velocity of the water flow can be guaranteed, as shown in Figure 17, Figure 18.
  • the two seawater concentration desalination methods are characterized by simple equipment, low investment, no maintenance, no by-products (can be used as by-products), no damage to acid-base balance, environmental protection, and large output.
  • This method of desalinating only by flowing seawater from the equipment and facilities is slowly infiltrated than the membrane method, and is much faster than the distillation method to heat and heat, and the yield is much larger.
  • the force that drives the ion motion can be either an electric field force or an electromagnetic force, so there are two types of electrodes and electromagnets.
  • This kind of desalination according to the ion charging characteristics of the salt in the seawater can theoretically be completely faded, because the ions will move under the action of electromagnetic force.
  • thousands of such processing units can be made, and a large desalination treatment facility can be made to supply water to a certain region, a certain city, a certain country, or a very small one.
  • the desalination equipment is placed on the ship to provide fresh water for the ships sailing in the sea. The ship no longer needs to carry a large amount of fresh water to sail, which also saves fuel costs, and does not need to be replenished on land due to fresh water problems.
  • Cost the use of electric fields to reduce or concentrate the cost of seawater, because ions work under electric force, so there is energy consumption, but it is also lower than other methods, because this process is simpler than it; using magnetic field to dilute or concentrate seawater Cost, this cost should be very low.
  • the strength of the magnetic field is constant, the movement of the ions in the magnetic field does not require external force. The Lorentz force does not work. It only changes the direction of ion movement, then only the seawater is needed. The pump is pumped into the magnetic field and the fresh water is collected from the other end. The cost should be close to zero, almost zero. If the earth's magnetic field is not used, the strength of the electromagnetic field may change, there is energy consumption, but it is believed to be smaller than other methods.
  • the strength loss of the electromagnetic field can be made by adding the electromagnetic pole of the magnet to the magnetic pole of the magnet, so that the strength loss of the electromagnetic field can be supplemented by the electric energy so as to continuously desalinate the seawater. If the earth's magnetic field is selected as the desired magnetic field, there is no problem of the change of the magnetic field.
  • seawater desalination or concentration of seawater, starting from the characteristics of ions, put seawater in a magnetic field or In the electric field, the seawater will leave a fresh water area without ions in the middle area, and then isolate this part of the fresh water, so that the ions in the seawater can be isolated and intercepted after the action of the electromagnetic force. It is also the feature of this equipment facility. This is also the difference between these two methods and electrodialysis. It is better than the other methods, especially the way to use the magnetic field to separate ions. The energy consumption is much lower than other methods, very low, almost zero, and the output is large. It is worth promoting. Among them, the method of using electric field has large energy consumption, but the equipment and facilities are small in size and easy to carry. The method of using magnetic field has small energy consumption, but the equipment facility sink has large volume and large volume. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages, and can be selected according to specific conditions.
  • the cost is only to provide a water flow rate of 10M / S, then only 5 meters high water tank, it can be, once the electricity can raise one side of the water to more than 200 meters high, then the cost is only one-tenth of a kilowatt-hour electricity cost, once According to the calculation of 0.40 yuan, the desalination cost per cubic meter of fresh water is only 0.01 yuan, which is almost zero, which is much lower than the current 5 yuan. This is not a by-product value.
  • the above is to collect the fresh water part, and collect the concentrated seawater part, and mix the ion solution with different charges on both sides, which is the salt solution with higher concentration, and then concentrate the concentrated seawater to press the highly concentrated seawater.
  • An equipment for extracting sea salt is a water tank that is placed in a sorting tank in a magnetic field (which can also use electric and magnetic fields).
  • the seawater flows in the sorting tank, that is, the ions are moving.
  • the ions in the seawater will move under the action of the magnetic field electric field.
  • the positive and negative ions will respectively lean on the two sides of the sorting salt water tank, and the seawater flows to Sorting the end of the salt water tank, the ions will move again in the electric field magnetic field.
  • the ion volume is also the size of the ion motion resistance.
  • Factors such as the size of the mass affect the order in which the ions reach the outer wall of the sorting tank. You can calculate or measure the area where the ions to be extracted will appear, collect the required ions in this area, and collect the required ions in the same way.
  • Another opposite polarity ion then add the two ions together in equal amounts, which is the desired sea salt solution. The collected seawater is then concentrated and purified, crystallized, and the desired salt is obtained to obtain the desired metal.
  • the specific step is to first sort the desired ionic components to obtain a relatively simple solution, and then concentrate the solution, and then allow the solution to precipitate a crystalline salt or replace the precious metal with a cheap metal.
  • the reason why the magnetic field is used to separate ions is because the Lorentz force of the ions in the magnetic field only changes the direction of the ion movement, and does not work on the ions, which can save the cost to the greatest extent.
  • the electric field is needed to sort the ions. The cost is very high. The following is a description of the magnetic field as the working medium.
  • the strong magnetic environment can be very powerful.
  • the maglev train that already runs the train is so heavy, can float up, then the problem of making a magnetic field to separate the ions is not a problem.
  • the whole salt extraction process is divided into: 1, salt sorting; 2, salt reconcentration; 3, precipitation of crystalline salt with a high concentration of salt solution or replacement of precious metals in this solution with cheap metals.
  • Fig. 19 and Fig. 20 are mainly composed of a magnetic plate and a sorting water tank.
  • the distance between the two plates of the magnetic plate can be determined according to the size of the magnet, etc., and the magnetic distance can be farther.
  • the sorting tank is divided into a sorting salt water tank and a sorting fresh water tank, and two partitions to sort the outer wall of the water tank.
  • the desired ions and other ions are separated, and then there is a lot of other ions of salt water flowing outside the partition, and the flow in the partition is
  • the seawater with the desired ions, and the water outside the sorting fresh water tank flows under the pressure of water to the other end of the sorting fresh water tank.
  • the flow inside the partition contains the desired ions.
  • Sea water is collected for use in the next process.
  • the distance from the port to the end of the sorting salt water tank is long enough to allow the ions to move under the action of electromagnetic force.
  • the entire sorting tank should be placed in an electromagnetic field so that sorting can be done. On both sides of the sorting fresh water tank, there are waters with only positively charged or only negatively charged ions.
  • the sorting fresh water tank is fresh water. It can be used as fresh water for freshwater inlets.
  • the sink for sorting should be square, not round, because there is a distance requirement.
  • the entire sorting tank and partitions should also be made of PPR plastic. The reason is the same.
  • the sorting fresh water tank and partition can also be made of stainless steel.
  • the composition of seawater is not much different, not as a parameter, 1, V1, the flow rate of imported seawater; 2, L1, the width of the magnetic plate (vertical flow direction) Dimensions); 3, B, magnetic field strength; 4, L2, the size of the sorting trough in the direction of the width of the magnetic plate (the dimension of the vertical flow direction); 5, L3, the distance from the inlet end of the seawater to the end (sorting trough Length); 6, V2, flow rate of imported fresh water; 7, L4; 8, L5; 9, L6; 10, L7; 11, L8.
  • L4, L5, L6, L7 are the results of affecting sorting.
  • Each parameter will affect the desalination result, but the flow rate of seawater, the flow rate of fresh water, and the four sizes of the partitions L4, L5, L6, L7 These parameters have a large influence.
  • the 11 parameters can be coordinated to achieve the movement of seawater through a distance of L3 (that is, the length of the sorting salt water tank). The motion under the Lorentz force in the magnetic field has been completed. , to provide the necessary conditions for sorting ions.
  • L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7, L8 are the parameters of the equipment and facilities, and will not change. After the equipment and facilities are completed, it will not change. There are three parameters, which are process parameters.
  • the three parameters of seawater flow rate V1 and fresh water flow rate V2 and electromagnetic field strength B are subject to change at any time.
  • the latter is analyzed in the case where the flow direction of the water is perpendicular to the magnetic lines of force. Since Lorentz force is suitable for the left-hand rule, it is to open the left hand, let the magnetic line pass from the palm of the hand to the back of the hand.
  • the direction of the four fingers is the direction of the positive charge movement in the water flow, and the direction of the thumb is The direction of the Lorentz force, that is, the Lorentz force is perpendicular to the direction of velocity of the magnetic field lines and ions, and the direction of the negative charge is opposite to the direction of the positive charge.
  • the ions can be sorted efficiently. It must be that the radius of motion of the ions under this condition is greater than (L1-L2)/2.
  • the ions cannot be circularly moved here.
  • the radius of motion of the ions is large enough when the radius of motion of the ions When it is not big enough, it can increase the water flow speed, so that the Lorentz force will increase and the ion's radius of motion will become larger.
  • the radius of motion of magnesium ions is 12, calcium ion 20 , sodium ion 23, these are a large proportion of cations, can be set to 30, the removal of less than 30, such as potassium ion 39, copper ion 32, etc. are greater than 30, left; anion chloride 35.5, sulfate ion 48, carbonate ion 30, fluoride ion 19, bromide ion 80, can be set to 45, and most of the anions can be removed.
  • These ions can be separated according to these characteristics, and some valuable rare ions, generally metal cations such as copper ions, potassium ions and the like are obtained. Some ions are valuable only because they are rare, and rare ions can be obtained by concentrating seawater several times.
  • the speed is 100 times the explosion speed, which is impossible, so only reduce the magnetic field, then the normal speed 1M / S, then the magnetic field strength is 5x10 -5 Tesla, and this value is almost It is the strength of the Earth's magnetic field.
  • the magnetic field strength can be preferably the intensity of the earth's magnetic field.
  • the construction cost is higher, which requires the use of a large-sized sorting tank from the cost.
  • the speed of the water flow is proportional to the size of the sorting tank. It is said that there is a small one in the two parameters.
  • the logarithmic value is the best. This value will be different according to somewhere.
  • the relationship between the seawater flow rate and the size of the sorting tank is the same as that of the desalinated seawater. It is also an interval value.
  • the size L2 of the sorting salt water tank in the direction of the vertical water flow and the vertical magnetic field line is smaller than this 0.020 m, and the smaller the better, the smaller the length of the L3.
  • the smaller, 0.010 meters, 0.015 meters, etc. can achieve sorting ions, but the size of L3 is different, the smaller the L2 is, the smaller the L3 can be, so the L2 size has an interval, which is 0-0.020 meters.
  • the speed of the sea water can be more than 60 m per second. Sorting ions, and the sea speed is as high as possible, 70 meters per second, 90 meters per second, 150 meters per second, and the speed of sea water is also in the range, that is, 60 to positive infinity, the greater the speed of sea water, L3 The larger the size. Therefore, the seawater velocity is selected from 0.5 M/S to 500 M/S, with 20 M/S being the best, preferably.
  • the width of the sorting tank that is, the L2 size in Fig. 19 (that is, the dimension perpendicular to the plane of the water flow and the magnetic field line) can be made larger, so the range of the size of the L2 is 0.001-5.000 meters, the value of L1 is 3 times that of the sorting tank size L2. Because this water stream has three waters, the sorting tank size per water can be between 0.001-5.000 meters, that is, the range of this parameter is 3 times, that is 0.001-15.000 meters.
  • the water inlet in Figure 19 can also be made into one strand. As shown in Figure 21, the inlets on both sides are sealed. This sorting tank is simpler. The size of L1, L2, etc.
  • the sorting water tank can be placed according to the vertical earth magnetic line. Basically, it is placed in the east-west direction.
  • the size of the sorting tank in the direction of gravity should be 0.001-5.000 meters. Inside, the direction of gravity is also the direction of the vertical, up and down.
  • the length of the sorting tank and the end of the sorting tank to the fresh water outlet may be 500 meters, or 2,000 meters, or longer, and it can be done by extruding plastic shaped materials with a plastic extruder.
  • the length can be set at 0.50-3000.0 meters. The longer the length, the better the sorting efficiency. For example, when the speed of seawater is constant, the size of the sink is certain, and these ions can be completed in Lorentz force. Under the action, the length of the tank needs to be 100 meters, then the range of the length of the tank is 100 to positive infinity.
  • the sorting seawater flow rate is 20 M/s.
  • the sorting magnetic field is a local earth magnetic field of about 5 x 10 -5 Tesla.
  • the radius of rotation of the ion is in the largest one, in the smallest one, or in the middle of many ions. Still not big or small. If the radius of motion of the desired ion is not too small or small, then The seawater in Zone 2 of Figure 22 is collected and re-concentrated. If the radius of rotation is large, it is easy to remove most of the sodium, magnesium, calcium, etc., and then only a small part of the heavy metal ions with a large radius of rotation is left. The water is collected and concentrated again, such as copper ions.
  • the radius of rotation is small, it is easy to remove the sodium, magnesium, calcium, etc., and then only a small part of the metal ion with a small radius of rotation is left.
  • the water is collected and concentrated, such as lithium ions. After concentration, the heavy metal can be obtained by displacement.
  • the radius of rotation of heavy metal ions is relatively large, so use region 3 of Figure 22 for more.
  • some parameters are not in the controllable range and cannot be sorted out.
  • most of the ions can be removed by a magnetic field, leaving only such ions, and the number is very small.
  • an electric field can be used to collect such ions, collect them, and then concentrate them. Purification. Because there are not many ions in the water at this time, the conductivity is weak. Therefore, when the electric field is used to sort the concentrate, there is no large energy consumption, and the useful assets such as minerals can be lifted to the maximum extent.
  • the principle of using the electric field to sort ions is the same as the principle of sorting with a magnetic field.
  • Fig. 23 and Fig. 24 There is also a structure for solving the problem of small ion motion radius, and adopting a small inlet and a large outlet, as shown in Fig. 23 and Fig. 24.
  • the size of such a small inlet is smaller than that of all ions at this magnetic field and speed.
  • the radius of motion is such that all ions do not move in a circular motion in this inlet, and ions of the other polarity hardly move.
  • the ion motion radius under this condition is less than L2/2, the ions go out from the exit first, and then the dimensions L1, L2, L3, L4, L5 are adjusted, and one of the three outlets can collect the desired one.
  • the principle of ions is the same as that of Figure 22.
  • the next step is to get the salt, then collect the other opposite polarity ions in the same way, and then add the two ions together in equal amounts, which is the desired sea salt solution. It is to process the highly concentrated seawater to obtain the finished product. This also makes different processes according to different salt. Some can use the penetrating membrane to precipitate the solid salt.
  • the purpose of obtaining the salt is generally to obtain some kind of salt. Metal, at which point the salt can be decomposed and then decomposed to give a metal or metal oxide, which is then oxidized. The metal is obtained by a reduction method, such as magnesium, aluminum, lithium, etc., and some of them are directly replaced with a cheap metal such as gold, silver, copper, and the like.
  • the reason why the magnetic field is used to separate ions is because the Lorentz force of the ions in the magnetic field only changes the direction of the ion movement, and does not work on the ions, which can maximize the cost. Since the magnetic field used is small, the earth's magnetic field is often used as the sorting magnetic field and the concentrated magnetic field or the desalinating magnetic field. When using the earth's magnetic field as the working magnetic field, keep away from the artificial magnetic field. Because the artificial magnetic field will affect the earth's magnetic field, such as transformers, you can also use artificial magnetic field as the magnetic field. The distance is far away and can be made into a spiral shape. I won’t talk much here.
  • the radius of rotation of the ion is in one of the largest or one of the smallest or a large number of ions. In the middle, it is not too big or too small, and then adjust the four dimensions of the partition. If the desired ion motion radius is not large or small, then the seawater in Zone 2 of Figure 22 is collected and concentrated. If the radius of rotation is large, the water in zone 3 of Figure 22 can be collected and concentrated, such as copper ions. If the radius of rotation is small, the water in the area 1 of Fig. 22 can be collected and concentrated, such as lithium ions.
  • the method temporarily lists the above, and also uses the combination of magnetic field and electric field to sort the ions. Only if you want to use the magnetic field to sort the ions, the main reason is to save costs. It will not be introduced here.
  • the present disclosure provides a facility for desalinating seawater and extracting sea salt.
  • the facility pumps seawater at a certain speed into a concentrated water tank with a magnetic field environment (the concentrated water tank cannot be parallel to the magnetic lines of force), and the anions and cations in the seawater move in different directions under the action of Lorentz force, and the plasma is completed.
  • Lorentz force fresh water without ions is left in the middle of the salt water tank of the concentrated water tank, and then the fresh water in the middle area of the concentrated water tank is separated by the fresh water tank in the concentrated water tank.
  • the concentrated seawater is pumped at a certain speed into a sorting tank placed in a magnetic field environment (the sorting tank cannot be parallel to the magnetic lines of force), and the seawater is divided.
  • the sink that is, the ions are moving
  • the ions in the sea will move under the Lorentz force of the magnetic field
  • the plasma will have positive and negative charges after the action of the Lorentz force.
  • the ions will go to the sides of the salt water tank of the sorting tank, and then the water will flow to the end of the salt water tank, and the ions will be transported again in the magnetic field.
  • the distance from the inlet port of the concentrating water tank to the inlet port of the concentrating fresh water tank enables the ions in the seawater to complete the movement under the Lorentz force before the ions reach the fresh water inlet port of the concentrating water tank.
  • the cross section of the fresh water tank of the concentrating tank is concentric with the cross section of the sump of the concentrating tank.
  • the length of the sorted salt water tank enables the ions in the seawater to complete the movement under the Lorentz force before the ions reach the end of the salt water tank of the sorting tank.
  • the ions are separated according to different trajectories of different ions in the same magnetic field (the order of arrival to the outer wall of the sorting tank).
  • the desalinated seawater and the facility for extracting sea salt utilize the Lorentz force received by the ions in the water tank in the water tank (the direction of the sea water cannot be parallel to the magnetic lines of force), and only the direction of movement of the ions is changed.
  • the principle of doing work to save costs.
  • the seawater has a flow rate of 0.5 M/S to 500 M/s and M/S is meters per second.
  • the magnetic field is the local earth magnetic field.
  • the diameter of the circular circle is 0.001 m - 5.000 m
  • the concentrated water tank is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the trough body and the magnetic field lines of the vertical magnetic field.
  • the width in the direction is 0.001 m - 5.000 m.
  • the direction of the length direction of the concentrated water tank and the sorting water tank ie, the flow direction of water perpendicular to the magnetic field lines of the earth magnetic field is less than 45 degrees.
  • the above is the principle of using the magnetic field electric field to desalinate seawater and extract sea salt.
  • fresh water can be produced, sea salt can be produced, certain substances can be extracted, and concentrated seawater can be used to build a dead sea.
  • Sea Salt and other products, or recreational projects in the artificial Dead Sea desalinating seawater and extracting sea salt and extracting materials for use together, so that the economic benefits are better.
  • the desert is especially close to the desert by the sea. It is a pity that there is no water and it is not suitable for human habitation. But there is a treasure land.
  • this desert can be turned into a rich land of production and better than other areas with rainfall, because there will be no drought and no floods. Everything here will be controlled by human beings. If you want to turn it into a rainy season, you can turn it into a rainy season. If you want to turn it into a dry season, you can turn it into a dry season, the season changes, but people move it in their hands. Switch only. For example, the West Asia region, North Africa, Australia and coastal cities will all benefit from this technology. The water used in coastal cities can be managed and how much can be given.

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Abstract

一种淡化海水及提取海盐的设施，包括磁场环境下的浓缩水槽、磁场环境下的分拣水槽和海盐提取装置，浓缩水槽包括浓缩咸水槽和浓缩淡水槽，浓缩水槽与磁场的磁力线不平行；分拣水槽包括分拣咸水槽、分拣淡水槽、两个隔板以及分拣水槽外壁，分拣水槽与磁场的磁力线不平行，将海水以一定速度泵入磁场环境里的浓缩水槽，从浓缩水槽的浓缩淡水槽收集淡水，从浓缩咸水槽收集剩余海水，将剩余海水以一定速度泵入有磁场环境里的分拣水槽，计算离子出现的区域并收集正离子溶液和负离子溶液，将正离子溶液和负离子溶液按等电量混合得到海盐溶液。采用该设施淡化海水及提取海盐的方法。

Description

淡化海水及提取海盐的方法和设施 技术领域
本公开涉及海洋化工领域，具体涉及一种淡化海水及提取海盐的方法和淡化海水及提取海盐的设施。
背景技术
海洋是个资源宝库，海水里面有很多盐分，从成分分类上讲有很多化学成分，从元素分类上讲有很多种元素。现代有关海洋的新兴产业主要有两个方面，一个是海水淡化，为世界人民生产生活提供淡水，二是提取物质，有的是提取盐分，有的是提取盐分来得到某种元素，如提取金属镁，但是想要从里面提取物质，目前不论是淡化海水，还是提取盐分，或者通过提取盐分来得到某种物质或某种元素，还没有很好技术来实现。首先就拿淡化海水来说吧，目前海水淡化的成本很高，达到每立方米1.50美金左右，这是很多用户是不能承受的，城市居民还可以忍受这个价格，但是农村的用户以及农业用户就承受不了这个价格，农业用水量很大，产出又低；其次现在冶金技术主要是用在陆地上，先找到矿，再开采。这需要大量的人力物力，还破坏了自然环境。在中国很多地区，有些癌症村，就是因为开采矿污染了环境影响了人民生活。之所以从陆地来开采矿物，这还不是没有从海洋里提取盐分及其它物质的能力，从海里提取盐类来改善人类生活已是一个大趋势，只是现在还没有很好的技术。
海水的成分非常复杂，全球海洋的含盐量就达5亿亿吨，还含有大量非常稀有的元素，是地球上最大的矿产资源库。海洋资源的利用是人类生存持续发展的重要前提。目前，全世界每年从海洋中提取淡水20多亿吨、食盐5000万吨、 镁及氧化镁260多万吨、溴20万吨，总产值达6亿多美元。在海水中，水占96.5％左右，其余则主要是各种各样的溶解盐类和矿物，还有来自大气中的氧、二氧化碳和氮等溶解气体。世界海洋的平均含盐量约为3.5％。假若将全球海水里的盐分全部提炼出来，均匀地铺在地球表面上，便会形成厚约40米的盐层。目前在海水中已发现的化学元素超出80种。组成海水的化学元素，除了构成水的氢和氧以外，绝大部分呈离子状态，主要有氯、钠、镁、硫、钙、钾、溴、碳、氟等11种，它们占海水中全部溶解元素含量的99％；其余的元素含量甚微，称为微量元素。现在生活用的盐都是用海水蒸发来生产的，这种方法很慢，也只能满足人们生活用，也只能生产多种成分的海盐，不能得到某一种单一成分或者成本很高。
全球海水淡化技术超过20余种，包括反渗透法、低多效、多级闪蒸、电渗析法、压汽蒸馏、露点蒸发法、水电联产、热膜联产以及利用核能、太阳能、风能、潮汐能海水淡化技术等等，以及微滤、超滤、纳滤等多项预处理和后处理工艺，从大的分类来看，主要分为蒸馏法(热法)和膜法两大类，但这方法都不适合做大量海水淡化的工艺，就是说目前的淡化技术有两大缺点，一个是成本高昂，一个是产量小。
淡化海水和提取盐分，其实就是需要一种技术，那就是把海水里的水和盐分分离，一边得到高度浓缩的盐溶液，再进而得到盐分，再进而得到某种物质，一边得到纯净的淡水。众所周知，海水里是溶解了盐才会变咸的，盐在海水里是以离子的形式存在的，这些离子都无时无刻在做布朗运动。想从海里提取某种盐分或是用提取的盐来制作某种元素，都需要有很强的海水提纯技术，尤其是对海里微量元素的提取，更需要做大量的提取工作。这些离子与水分子的大小是可以比拟的，因此靠过滤等方法来淡化就很难，但是如果根据离子带电的 特性来淡化，那么就简单多了。
发明内容
本公开提供一种淡化海水及提取海盐的设施，主要是分为两种设施，一是淡化海水的设施，是把海水分成淡水和浓缩海水，淡化海水其实就是浓缩海水，只是收集是淡水部分还是浓缩后的海水部分；二是分拣海盐的设施，这个盐分的分拣，就是把想要的盐分分拣出来，就是对淡化海水的浓缩海水部分进行处理来提取盐分的设施，一般是先把海水先浓缩后再分拣再浓缩，也有其他的方式。本公开提供一种淡化海水及提取海盐的设施，包括：
有磁场环境里的浓缩水槽，其中，所述浓缩水槽包括浓缩咸水槽和浓缩淡水槽，所述浓缩水槽与磁场的磁力线不平行；
有磁场环境里的分拣水槽，其中，所述分拣水槽包括分拣咸水槽，分拣淡水槽，两个隔板以及分拣水槽外壁，所述分拣水槽与磁场的磁力线不平行；以及
海盐提取装置，设置为从所述分拣水槽获得海盐溶液并从所述海盐溶液中提取海盐，
其中，将海水以一定速度(第一速度)泵入所述有磁场环境里的浓缩水槽，从所述浓缩水槽的浓缩淡水槽收集淡水，从所述浓缩咸水槽收集剩余海水，将所述剩余海水以一定速度(第二速度)泵入有磁场环境里的分拣水槽，计算离子出现的区域并收集正离子溶液和负离子溶液，将正离子溶液和负离子溶液按等电量混合得到所述海盐溶液。
可选地，浓缩水槽的进水端口到浓缩淡水槽的进水端口的距离设置为能够使海水中离子在离子到达浓缩水槽的淡水槽进水端口之前已经完成了在洛伦兹 力作用下的运动。
可选地，浓缩水槽的淡水槽横截面和浓缩水槽的咸水槽横截面同中心。
可选地，分拣咸水槽的长度设置为能够使海水中离子在离子到达分拣水槽的咸水槽末端之前已经完成了在洛伦兹力作用下的运动。
可选地，根据不同离子在分拣水槽的磁场里相同的速度的运动轨迹不同，即到达分拣水槽外壁的先后顺序，来分离离子。
可选地，海水泵入所述有磁场环境里的浓缩水槽和分拣水槽的速度(第一速度和第二速度)都为0.5米/每秒-500米/每秒。
可选地，所述浓缩水槽的磁场和所述分拣水槽的磁场均为地球磁场。
可选地，所述浓缩水槽的横截面是圆形时，该圆形的直径为0.001米-5.000米，横截面是非圆形时，浓缩水槽在垂直其槽体的长度方向和垂直磁场的磁力线的方向上的宽度为0.001米-5.000米。
可选地，所述分拣水槽在垂直其槽体的长度方向和垂直其工作磁场的磁力线的方向上的宽度都为0.001米-5.000米。
可选地，所述浓缩水槽和分拣水槽的长度方向和垂直与地球磁场的磁力线的方向的夹角都小于45度。
本公开还提供一种淡化海水及提取海盐的方法，包括：
将海水以第一速度(第一速度)泵入有磁场环境里的浓缩水槽，其中，所述浓缩水槽包括浓缩咸水槽和浓缩淡水槽，所述浓缩水槽与磁场的磁力线不平行，所述海水中的正，负离子在洛伦兹力的作用下分别向不同的方向运动；
从所述浓缩水槽的浓缩淡水槽收集淡水；
从所述浓缩淡水槽外侧两个出口收集剩余海水；
将所述剩余海水以第二速度泵入有磁场环境里的分拣水槽，其中，所述分 拣水槽包括分拣咸水槽，分拣淡水槽，两个隔板以及分拣水槽外壁，所述分拣水槽与磁场的磁力线不平行；
计算分拣水槽外壁上离子出现的区域并在对应区域收集正离子溶液和负离子溶液；
将正离子溶液和负离子溶液按等电量混合得到所述海盐溶液；以及
从所述海盐溶液中提取海盐。
可选地，所述浓缩水槽的磁场和所述分拣水槽的磁场均为地球磁场。
可选地，海水泵入所述有磁场环境里的浓缩水槽和分拣水槽的速度(第一速度和第二速度)都为0.5米/每秒-500米/每秒。
可选地，浓缩水槽的进水端口到浓缩淡水槽的进水端口的距离设置为能够使海水中离子在离子到达浓缩水槽的淡水槽进水端口之前已经完成了在洛伦兹力作用下的运动。
可选地，浓缩水槽的淡水槽横截面和浓缩水槽的咸水槽横截面同中心。
可选地，分拣咸水槽的长度设置为能够使海水中离子在离子到达分拣水槽的咸水槽末端之前已经完成了在洛伦兹力作用下的运动。
可选地，根据不同离子在分拣水槽的磁场里相同的速度的运动轨迹不同，即到达分拣水槽外壁的先后顺序，来分离离子。
可选地，浓缩水槽的横截面是圆形时，该圆形的直径为0.001米-5.000米，横截面是非圆形时，浓缩水槽在垂直其槽体的长度方向和垂直磁场的磁力线的方向上的宽度为0.001米-5.000米。
可选地，分拣水槽在垂直其槽体的长度方向和垂直其工作磁场的磁力线的方向上的宽度都为0.001米-5.000米。
可选地，所述浓缩水槽和所述分拣水槽的长度方向和垂直与地球磁场的磁 力线的方向的夹角都小于45度。
一种淡化海水的设施，就是把海水以一定速度泵入电场或磁场里(也可以同时使用电场和磁场)，海水中的离子就会在电磁力的作用下运动，等离子完成了在电磁力作用下的运动后，在中间区域就会留下没有离子的淡水，然后再用一个淡水槽隔离截取出来就可以了。利用电场和利用磁场来淡化海水是不同的，利用电场的方式是要耗费能量的，但利用磁场的方式在理论上不耗费能量。这个设备其实就是一个水槽或者水管，海水流过这个水槽或者水管就可以得到淡水和浓缩后的海水。
附图说明
图1：单个电场处理单元前视图。
图2：单个电场处理单元后视图。
图3：单个电场处理单元内部结构图。
图4：多个电场处理单元前视图。
图5：单个电场处理单元分析图。
图6：单个磁场处理单元前视图。
图7：单个磁场处理单元内部结构图。
图8：单个磁场处理单元后视图。
图9：磁铁加线圈示意图。
图10：多个磁场处理单元前视图。
图11：单个磁场处理单元分析图。
图12：磁力线为竖直方向的水槽示意图。
图13：磁力线为竖直方向的水槽内部结构图。
图14：其它形状的水槽简略图。
图15：其它形状的水槽简略图。
图16：圆形形状的水槽简略图。
图17：圆形水槽和置于高处的水箱简略图(常用的海水淡化形式)。
图18：圆形水槽和置于高处的水箱示意图(常用的海水淡化形式)。
图19：单个磁场分拣处理单元分析图。
图20：单个磁场分拣处理单元简略图。
图21：单个磁场分拣处理单元演变图。
图22：单个磁场分拣处理单元离子收集区域分布图。
图23：小入口分拣水槽简略图。
图24：小入口分拣水槽分析图。
具体实施方式
现在的强磁环境都能做到很强大的，比如已经有运行的磁悬浮列车，火车都那么重的，都能浮起来的，那么对于把离子分开是可以的，磁场也可以做到很小的，最小的磁场就是地球磁场，大约是5x10-5特斯拉，因为地球磁场无处不在，其它的磁场都会比这个地球磁场大。
先以用电场淡化海水或者浓缩海水来说明，设备设施结构如图1，图2，图3，主要分为电极，浓缩水槽等几部分组成，浓缩水槽又分为外面大的浓缩咸水槽和里面小的浓缩淡水槽。这电极两极的距离可根据电压的大小等情况来定，电压大的距离可以远些。当海水流过放在两个强大电极中间空间的浓缩水槽时，这时可以看成有很多阴阳离子在做运动，阴阳离子就会在电场力的作用下分别向两电极运动靠拢，等离子都靠到浓缩咸水槽两边去了，在浓缩咸水槽中间区 域就会留下没有离子的淡水，再通过这个浓缩淡水槽(这个浓缩淡水槽横截面与浓缩咸水槽横截面是同中心的，也就是浓缩淡水槽要放置在浓缩咸水槽的中心)把淡水与其余的海水分离开来，那么在这个浓缩淡水槽外面流动的就是有很多离子的咸水，在浓缩淡水槽内流动的就是不带离子或带很少离子的淡水，同时这浓缩淡水槽里边外边的水都在水压的作用下向浓缩淡水槽的另一端流去，把浓缩淡水槽内的水截取收集起来，就可以使用了，浓缩淡水槽外的水就是浓缩后的海水，可以放归回大海，也可以再进行一次淡化，不过再进行一次淡化效率会低些，也可以收集起来再浓缩，等浓缩到了一定比例的盐溶液，就可以提取盐分了，也可以把这浓缩后的海水注入一个游泳池，这个池子就成了人造死海，就成了一种游乐设施。浓缩淡水槽的端口要比浓缩咸水槽的端口要退后一段距离，目的就是等离子在电场力作用下运动完成后再来隔离收集淡水。浓缩淡水槽也要在浓缩咸水槽的中间，使两边离子运动的距离要相等，浓缩淡水槽也要放置一部分到电场里去，这样浓缩淡水槽内收集的才是淡水，不然离子又回到中间区域里去了，浓缩淡水槽收集到的就不是淡水了。如果这收集起来的淡水达不到要求，就可以再进行一次淡化，过程与上一次相同。这种多个处理单元结构见图4，每个电极两侧流出来的都是只带正电荷或者只带负电荷的离子的水，把这两种水流到一起就成了盐分浓度高一些的海水了.这个设备设施，只有电极板是要用导电的金属来做，其它部分都可以用塑料等材料来做，电极板在使用时也要与海水绝缘，只提供电场就可以了，但又不能导通。所以这个设备设施耐腐蚀等能力强，不需要什么维护。每对电极间可以放一个或多个水槽，都能起一样的作用。因为电场力与海水的初速没有关系，只与离子带电量，电场强度有关，所以这个浓缩水槽不需要做的很长，这种设备设施的体积就小，适合在船上使用。
这个淡化或者浓缩出来的水的质量是由几个参数决定的(以利用电场来淡化或者浓缩海水来讲)：同一地点的海水成分差别不大，不作为一个参数，1，V，进口海水的流速；2，L1，浓缩水槽在垂直两个电极板方向上的距离；3，U，两个电极板间的电压；4，L2，浓缩咸水槽进口端到浓缩淡水槽进口端的距离；5，L3，浓缩淡水槽进口端在垂直两个电极板方向上的距离。由于盐只占海水的百分之三，所以L1比L3大，但不会大太多。因为海水的成分非常复杂，不能用一个公式等方法就能确定这些参数之间的关系和数值。因为W＝QU，同样的电量电压降大能耗也就大。这可以采用先用低电压使小的离子完成运动后再用高电压，减小络合物，螯合物的运动时间，减小这类大分子的运动时间，这就叫分段电压，先低后高的，这样既能做到能量最小能耗，又能提高淡化的速度。每一个参数都会影响淡化或者浓缩的结果，可以协调这五个参数就能做到海水流到淡水进口端前一段距离里已经完成了在电场作用下的运动，为淡水进口里只流进淡水提供必要条件。这五个参数中，有三个参数，L1，L2，L3，是设备设施的参数，是不会变的，设备设施做好后就不会变，有两个参数，是工艺参数，海水的流速V和电极板的电压U，这两个参数随时都有可能变化，这五个参数的设定，可根据实际情况调整，如图5。监控这两个参数就能保证淡水的质量。监控淡化的质量，可以在淡化后的水里放入两个电极，测两个电极之间的电阻值就能知道淡化海水的质量，纯净的水的导电能力很弱，在用这种方法把水里的电解质除去了后，水里就只有很少的能导电的电解质了，导电能力也就很弱了。用多对电极并联就可以更好地测量出淡化质量，现在有个电子产品专门来测量盐度的，叫盐度计，用这个也可以。这种淡化出来的水，可以直接给农业生产使用，也可以再经过净化后给城市居民使用，因为这水里还有很多海洋生物，海藻以及不带电的杂质等等。还可以调节这几个参数，使大多数的离子除去，把对农业 生产有用的离子留下来给农业生产使用。
再以用磁场淡化海水或者浓缩海水来说明，设备设施结构如图6，图7，图8主要分为磁铁(这个磁铁多以线圈内加铁芯来做)，浓缩水槽等几部分组成，浓缩水槽又分为外面大的浓缩咸水槽和里面小的浓缩淡水槽。这磁铁两极的距离可根据磁场强度的大小等情况来定，磁场强度大的距离可以远些。当海水流过放在这两个强大的磁铁间的浓缩水槽时，同样可以看成有很多阴阳离子在磁场里做运动，在磁场里运动着的阴阳离子就会分别在电磁力的作用下也就是在洛伦兹力的作用下分别向两个方向运动，由于洛伦兹力是适用左手定则的，就是张开左手，让磁力线从手心穿过手再到手背，四个手指的方向为水流动的方向，那大拇指指的方向就是洛伦兹力的方向或者是其反方向，阳离子与水流动的方向一致，那么其受力方向就是大拇指指的方向，阴离子受力方向就是大拇指指的反方向，也就是说洛伦兹力垂直于磁力线和离子运动的速度方向，离子运动的方向与电场力里的运动方向是不同的，转了90度的角，也就是磁场里的浓缩水槽与电场里的浓缩水槽的设置有所不同，但是阴阳离子还是会向两个不同的方向运动，等离子都靠到浓缩咸水槽两边去了，在浓缩咸水槽中间区域就会留下没有离子的淡水，再通过这个浓缩淡水槽(这个浓缩淡水槽横截面与浓缩咸水槽横截面是同中心的，也就是浓缩淡水槽要放置在浓缩咸水槽的中心)把淡水与其余的海水分离开来，那么在这个浓缩淡水槽外面流动的就是有很多离子的咸水，在浓缩淡水槽内流动的就是不带离子或带很少离子的淡水，同时这浓缩淡水槽里边外边的水都在水压的作用下向浓缩淡水槽的另一端流去，把浓缩淡水槽内的水截取收集起来，就可以使用了，浓缩淡水槽外的水就是浓缩后的海水，可以放归回大海，也可以再进行一次淡化，不过再进行一次淡化或者浓缩效率会低些，也可以收集起来再浓缩，等浓缩到了一定比例的盐溶液，就可 以提取盐分了。浓缩淡水槽的端口要比浓缩咸水槽的端口要退后一段距离，目的就是等离子在洛伦兹力作用下运动完成后再来隔离收集淡水。浓缩淡水槽也要放置一部分到磁场里去，这样淡水槽内收集的才是淡水，不然离子做布朗运动又回到中间区域里去了，浓缩淡水槽收集到的就不是淡水了。如果这收集起来的淡水达不到要求，就可以再进行一次淡化，过程与上一次相同。这个磁体可以用线圈内加铁芯来做也可以只用磁板来做，见图9，用很多个线圈内加铁芯并排在一起，每个磁铁都有N极和S极，极性要按相同的方向排列，所有S极是一个方向。每两个磁铁间的空间就可以淡化海水了。这种多个处理单元结构见图10，每个电磁体的两侧都是只带正电荷或者只带负电荷的离子的水，把这两种水流到一起就成了盐分浓度高一些的海水了。海水中阴离子一般比阳离子重些大些，可以考虑阳离子向上面运动，阴离子向下面运动。每对磁极间可以放一个或多个浓缩水槽，都能起一样的作用，由于多个磁铁并排放置，磁性有相互增加的作用，所以磁力线水平放置，离子做上下运动的较好.特别强调这里的水的流动方向与磁力线的是垂直的，因为垂直时受的磁力最大，F＝QVBsinA，A是水的流动方向与磁力线的夹角，当水的流动方向与磁力线平行时，受力为0，也是A是0度或180度时，故浓缩水槽与磁力线不能平行，下面都是在水流动的方向与磁力线垂直的情况下分析的。
利用磁场淡化或者浓缩海水与利用电场淡化或者浓缩海水是不同的，就电场力和磁场力(也就是洛伦兹力)的不同，磁铁和电极放在同样位置，这两个力相差了90度，所以水槽也相应地转个90度。这个利用磁场力来分离离子淡化水的质量也是由几个参数决定的：海水成分不作为一个参数，1，V，进口海水的流速；2，L1，浓缩咸水槽在垂直水流和垂直磁力线方向上的尺寸；3，E，磁场强度；4，L2，海水进口端到浓缩淡水进口端的距离；5，L3，浓缩淡水槽在 垂直水流和垂直磁力线方向上的尺寸，浓缩淡水槽的中心同样放在浓缩咸水槽的中心，见图11。由于盐只占海水的百分之三，所以L1比L3大，但不会大太多。因为海水的成分非常复杂，不能用一个公式等方法来确定这些参数之间的关系和数值，但是L1这个值有一个限制，就是要比在这些条件下的离子运动的最小半径要小才好。F＝MV^2/R＝QVB(B是磁场强度)，R＝MV/QB，V，B是设备参数，M和Q是离子参数，所以最小半径的离子应该是镁离子，锂离子，这两种离子也有可能会在磁场里做圆环运动，调整象电场里的那五个参数(只不过把两个电极板间的电压换成磁场强度)，就可以控制离子按要求进行运动。络合物，螯合物的半径就较大的，控制好运动半径小的离子就可以了。这可以采用先用弱磁场使半径小的离子完成运动后再用强磁场，减小络合物，螯合物的运动半径，减小这类大离子的运动时间，这就叫分段磁场，先弱后强的，不然都用强磁场的话，小离子就会在里面转圈的，到不了边的。每一个参数都会影响淡化的结果，可以协调这五个参数就能做到海水流到浓缩淡水进口前一段距离里已经完成了在洛伦兹力作用下的运动，为浓缩淡水槽进口里只流进淡水提供必要条件。这五个参数中，有三个参数，L1，L2，L3，是设备设施的参数，是不会变的，设备设施做好后就不会变，有两个参数，是工艺参数，海水的流速V和磁场强度B，这两个参数随时都有可能变化，这五个参数的设定，原理和利用电场方法的相同，可根据实际情况调整，其中L2这个参数(即是浓缩水槽进口端到浓缩淡水槽的进口端的距离)可调的范围大，多数情况下是调这个参数的。磁力线也可以用竖直方向的，见图12，图13。当洛伦兹力不足够使离子运动时，就可以增大水流速度，这样洛伦兹力就会增大了。L3/L1的值可以从0.1到0.9，因为盐分占海水只有3％，就算作5％，两边各5％，就算是10％，为了保证安全，可以取60％为优选地，也就是淡化出来的淡水和剩下的海水的比值是1.5，当然也就可以根据实 际情况选用其它的比值尺寸。
优选地，淡化出来的淡水和剩下的海水的比值是1.5。
这海水里有90％的成分，钠离子，氯离子，钙离子，硫酸根离子，碳酸根离子等等常见离子，因为阳离子几乎都是以水合离子的形式存在的，而每种水合离子性能又不一样，可以根据离子带电的大小，离子体积大小，离子的质量大小等因素影响离子在磁场里的运动速度来设定各个参数。这些离子一般都比较小，都时时刻刻在做高速运动，按照原子量和带电荷的比值，在阳离子里，镁离子的运动半径是12，钙离子20，钠离子23，这些都是占大份额的阳离子。
因为离子的质量很小，离子运动半径，R＝MV/QB，以钾离子为例，钾离子的质量为6.5×10-26kg，带电荷为1.6021892x10-19库仑，假定磁场强度为1特斯拉，要想离子运动半径为0.01M的话，那么离子运动的速度约为5x105M/S，这个运动速度很大，炸药爆炸的速度是8000M/S，这个算出来的速度大体是爆炸速度的100倍，这是不可能做到的，所以只有减小磁场了，那就以平常速度1M/S来算，那么磁场强度大概是5x10-5特斯拉，而这个值差不多就是地球磁场的强度。考虑到阳离子都是水合离子的形式存在的，所以实际的半径会大些，而且阳离子的水合离子的情况都不是很清楚，这里众多的离子运动是个很复杂的运动，因为洛伦兹力是变方向的，所以离子的运动不能用一个简单公式来表达，这里只说方法思路。所以磁场强度可以用当地的地球磁场强度，为优选地，这样这个设备设施建设成本就更低，就不必用磁铁了，更不用磁铁还加上线圈来增强磁性了。海水速度与离子运动半径成正比的，R＝MV/QB，其系数是M/QB，所以当速度增大时，浓缩水槽的在垂直水流和垂直磁力线的方向上的尺寸也就可以做的更大些，理论上速度可以从0到无穷大，浓缩水槽的这个方向的尺寸也可以做到从0到无穷大，但是人为制造高速的水流不可能无穷大，象水刀，做到1000米 /秒就已经很困难了，更有速度越大，每方水的淡化成本就越大，从成本上考虑需要选用低速，但是浓缩水槽的尺寸是越小，制造就越困难，每小时淡化每方水的建设成本就越大，这就从成本上要求选用大尺寸的浓缩水槽，水流的速度又和浓缩水槽的尺寸成正比，说以在这个两个参数里有某个不大不小的一对数值是最好的，这个值又会根据某个地方会不一样，所以选用海水速度在0.5M/S--500M/S，其中以20M/S为最好，为优选地。这个浓缩水槽可以是方形的，也可以做成其它形状的，如图14，图15，也可以做成圆形的，如图16，圆形的更好，因为其它形状的如果发生扭转，就会影响生产的效果，其内腔直径小于根据海水流速测得离子运动半径就可以了，小于这个半径以下的尺寸都是可以的，浓缩水槽在垂直水流和垂直磁力线方向上的尺寸越小越安全，越小淡化出来的水质量越好，同理当浓缩水槽在垂直水流和垂直磁力线方向上的尺寸在某个值时，海水流速大于某个临界值就可以了，海水流速越大越安全，淡化出来的水质量越好，举个例吧，当水速在20米每秒时，若算出这些离子旋转半径最小的为0.020米，那么浓缩水槽在在垂直水流和垂直磁力线方向上的尺寸小于这个0.020米，并且越小越好，0.010米，0.015米等等都可以实现淡化海水或者浓缩海水，并且L2尺寸也就越小，这个尺寸值有个区间，那就是0-0.020米，越小淡化出来的淡水盐度越低，同理，若浓缩水槽在垂直水流和垂直磁力线方向上尺寸为0.050米，若算出这海水的流动速度为60米每秒，那么海水的速度在60米每秒以上的都可以实现淡化海水，并且海水速度越大越好，70米每秒，90米每秒，150米每秒都可以的，海水的速度也有区间，那就是60到正无穷大，海水的速度越大，淡化出来的淡水的盐度越低，L2的尺寸也就越大了。海水的流速和水槽尺寸的关系很复杂，只能说两个变量的区间值，海水流速为0.5米每秒到500米每秒，浓缩水槽在垂直水流和垂直磁力线方向上的尺寸可以为0.001米-5.000米， 如图11，如果用的是方形的浓缩水槽或是其它形状的浓缩水槽，那么浓缩水槽内腔截面在垂直水流和垂直磁力线的方向的宽度也就是图11里的那个L1尺寸，也就是在垂直水流和垂直磁力线方向上的尺寸，同样可以要求在0.001-5.000米，这个距离等于那个水管的直径，如果是使用地球磁场，那么在浓缩水槽内腔的重力方向(也就是竖直方向)的尺寸要在0.001-5.000米。因为水流的速度大，那么水槽的长度可能就是500米，也可能是2000米，也可能更长，可以用塑料挤出机挤出塑料异形材来做，长度就可以设定在0.01-3000.0米吧，水管越长越好，淡化出来的海水的盐度就越低，举例当海水的速度一定，浓缩水槽在垂直水流和垂直磁力线方向上的尺寸一定，这些离子都能完成在洛伦兹力的作用下运动，需要浓缩水槽长度为100米，那么浓缩水槽长度值的区间是100到正无穷大，水槽长度越长越好，淡化出来的淡水的盐度越低，L＝2πR/4V*V＝πR/2≈0.017(π＝3.1415926，π是圆周率).算出来的可能就是0.02，但是这是在不算在水里运动的阻力，由于水的阻力大小未知，这个长度也就未知了，也许100米，也许很长.更好的是直接用塑料水管来做，圆形水管扭转几下都不会对淡化产生影响，在高压得情况下，方形的浓缩水槽也会变成圆形的，但是圆形的浓缩水槽就不会再变了，圆形浓缩水槽能承受高压得，这个圆形水管可以用PPR塑料管来制作，这个管可以承受高压的，现在建筑都用它来代替铁管作为给水管，至于浓缩淡水槽，可以用不锈钢片来制作，因为不锈钢片可以做到很薄，可以减小水流的阻力，又很耐用，滴水可以穿石，这里不锈钢也是要定期更换的。所以利用磁场淡化海水的设备设施体积就会较大。制作设备设施时，如果是利用地球磁场来淡化，那么把水管按照垂直地球磁力线放置就可以了，基本上就是按东西方向放置。如果是用浓缩水槽，那么浓缩水槽在重力方向的尺寸要在0.001-5.000米之内，重力方向也就是竖直方向的，上下的方向。
优选地，所述海水流速为20M/S。
优选地，所述浓缩水槽在垂直水流和垂直磁力线方向上的尺寸为0.020米。
优选地，所述磁场为当地的地球磁场，约为5x10-5特斯拉。
所以要想利用磁场来淡化或者浓缩海水，那么磁场一定要很小的，如用地球磁场，再有布朗运动的速度是0.2M/S左右，只有水速比这个速度大很多时，洛伦兹力的作用才会比较明显，所以水流动的速度也一定要大。只有小磁场大流速的情况，浓缩水槽的尺寸才会是大到正常的尺寸，10毫米到100毫米之间的尺寸，才有可能实现淡化海水或者浓缩的。
保证水流初速的办法，可以做成类似输液样的，用高处设置一个水箱，用水泵向水箱注水，水多了就溢出，这样水箱的高度不变，就能保证水箱和浓缩水槽的高度差不变，就能保证水流的初速，见图17，图18，这个也是很常用的结构形式；还可以用水泵来提供恒定的速度，用泵的功率和浓缩水槽或水管的内腔端口面积可以算出水流的速度。用高处的水箱往低处流动提供水速比用水泵提供水速更好，因为水箱的水流没有水泵的叶片搅动，那么水管里的水流动形态层流的可能性就大，而这个水流的形式，要求是层流的，不能形成湍流，若是湍流的话，那么离子都在洛伦兹力的作用下完成了分离，结果又做布朗运动又作湍流运动又混在一起了。浓缩水槽或水管要做成一个整体的，从头到尾都是一样的，不能有焊接地方，以免会形成湍流。
这两种海水浓缩淡化方法的特点就是设备简单，投资小，不用维护，没有副产品(可以做到有副产品)，不会破坏酸碱平衡，很环保，同时产量大。这种只把海水从设备设施里流过去就能淡化的方法，比膜法慢慢渗透，比蒸馏法慢慢加热传热都要快的多，产量大的多。驱动离子运动的力，可以是电场力，也可以是电磁力，所以有电极和电磁体等两种。
这种根据海水里的盐的离子带电的特性来淡化，理论上可以做到彻底地淡化，因为离子都会在电磁力作用下运动。按这个方法可做成千上万个这样的处理单元，就可以做成很大的海水淡化处理设施，用来对某个地区，某个城市，某个国家供水，也可以做成很小型的海水淡化处理设备，放在船上，为在海里航行的船提供淡水，船再也不用携带大量的淡水出航了，这也节省了燃料成本，也不用因为淡水问题要到陆地进行补给了。
成本，利用电场来淡化或者浓缩海水的成本，因为离子在电场力下做功，所以会有能耗，但是也比其它的方法低一点，因为这个过程比它简单；利用磁场来淡化或者浓缩海水的成本，这个成本应该很低的，首先假定磁场强度不变的话，离子在磁场里运动是不需要外力的，洛伦兹力是不做功的，只改变离子运动方向，那么就只需要把海水用水泵泵入磁场里，再从另一端收集淡水就可以了，成本应该接近于零了，几乎为零了。如果不是用地球磁场时，电磁场的强度可能会有变化，有能耗，但可以相信比其它的方法要小。电磁场的强度损耗，可以线圈内加磁铁的电磁极来做磁极，这样电磁场的强度损耗就可以由电能补充进去，以便能够持续地淡化海水。如选用地球磁场为所要的磁场的话，就不存在磁场变化的问题了。
如果利用磁场来淡化或者浓缩海水对有些离子不大有用或者除去某离子很费力的话，可先用磁场把这里大部分离子除去，只留下少数的离子，这时就可以用电场来再次淡化，因为电场分离没有运动半径的问题，电场力的方向不变的。这样先用磁场后用电场就能把所有的离子除去，能耗也不大，因为这时离子已经很少了。这样用两种方法相结合，就可以把带电的离子除干净，为农业，居民生活，工业提供用水。
综上所述，海水淡化或者浓缩，要从离子的特性入手，把海水置于磁场或 电场中，海水就会在中间区域留下没有离子的淡水区域，再把这部分的淡水隔离开来就可以了，所以等海水里的离子完成了在电磁力作用下的运动后再进行隔离截取也是这个方法这个设备设施的特点。这也是这两个方法与电渗析法的不同，比它好的地方，尤其是利用磁场来分离离子的方式，能耗要远远低于其它的方法，很低，几乎为零，产量又大，值得推广，其中利用电场的方法能耗大但设备设施体积小，携带方便；利用磁场的方法能耗小但设备设施水槽长体积大，各有优缺点，可根据具体情况选用。
洛伦兹力在任何情况下都不做功。因为磁场里的洛伦兹力对离子不做功，只改变离子运动方向，所以就可以充分利用这点来淡化海水，利用这个特点来尽力地降低海水淡化的成本，是对目前海水淡化或者浓缩成本高昂问题来讲是一个很有效果降低成本的措施，这也是这个淡化或者浓缩海水的方法比其它方法好的地方，也是这个方法值得推广的地方。对于有些离子用磁场分离，效果不是很好的，就可以用电场来分离的方法作为补充办法。如果成本只在于提供水流初速10M/S的话，只需5米高的水箱，就可以了，一度电可以把一方水提升到200多米高的地方，那么成本只有40分之一度电的成本，一度电按0.40元算，那么每立方米淡水的淡化成本只有0.01元，几乎接近零了，比目前5元要低很多，这还不算副产品价值。
上面讲的是收集淡水部分，另外收集到浓缩海水部分，把两边带不同电荷的离子溶液混在一起，就是浓度较高的盐溶液，再把浓缩的海水进行再浓缩，把这高度浓缩的海水按后面讲的分拣进行盐分分拣，就能得到想要的盐分，再可以由盐分得到想要元素了，也能把一定浓度的浓缩海水收集起来注入一个大游泳池子，这个池子就是人造死海了，人在这水里游泳是会漂起来的，这个可以做成一个旅游项目，用这个游乐项目的收集来补贴淡化海水的费用，再加上 对城市供水收费，就争取到能免费向农业提供淡水。
海水淡化或者浓缩的设备设施大体就是这样，再来讲海水溶液里的盐分的分拣。一种提取海盐的设备设施，就是在把海水泵入置于磁场电场(也可以同时使用电场和磁场)环境里的一个分拣水槽里，海水在分拣水槽里流动，也就是离子在运动着，海水中的离子就会在磁场电场的作用下运动，等离子完成了在洛伦兹力等作用下的运动后，正负离子就会分别靠到了分拣咸水槽的两边上去了，等海水流到分拣咸水槽末端，离子就会再次在电场磁场里做运动，这时所有的离子都在同一起跑线上，再根据各种离子带电的大小，离子体积大小也就是离子运动阻力的大小，离子的质量大小等因素影响造成离子到达分拣水槽外壁的先后顺序，可以计算出或者测出所要提取的离子会出现的区域，再在这个区域里收集所需的离子，再按同样的方法收集所需的另一相反极性离子，然后把这两种离子按等电量加在一起，就是所需的海盐溶液。再对这收集到海水浓缩提纯，结晶，就会得到想要的盐分，进而得到想要的金属。具体的步骤是先分拣所要的离子成分得到成分较为单一的溶液，再浓缩这溶液，然后可以让这溶液析出结晶盐或者用便宜的金属置换出贵重的金属。之所以用磁场来分离离子，那是因为离子在磁场中受到的洛伦兹力只改变离子的运动方向，不对离子做功，可以最大程度地节省成本，用电场来分拣离子就需要做功，成本就很高了。下面就以磁场为工作介质来介绍。
现在的强磁环境都能做到很强大的，比如已经有运行的磁悬浮列车，火车都那么重的，都能浮起来的，那么制作一个磁场把离子分开的问题就不是问题了。
整个盐分提取的过程要分为：1，盐分的分拣；2，盐分的再浓缩；3，用高浓度的盐溶液析出结晶盐或者用便宜的金属置换这溶液里贵金属。
一种提取海盐的设备设施，设备设施结构如图19，图20，主要分为磁板，分拣水槽等几部分组成。这磁板两板的距离可根据磁性的大小等情况来定，磁性强的距离可以远些。分拣水槽分为分拣咸水槽和分拣淡水槽，以及两个隔板，分拣水槽外壁。当海水流过这个分拣咸水槽时，离子就会在洛伦兹力的作用下分别向分拣咸水槽的两边的侧壁运动靠拢，等离子都靠到两边去了，在中间区域就会留下没有离子的淡水，这个淡水可以留做分拣时流进来的淡水。等离子都靠到两边去完成了洛伦兹力作用下的运动了，到了分拣咸水槽的侧壁了，这时所有的离子几乎都在一个起跑线上，等海水流到这个分拣咸水槽的末端，就会在磁场里的洛伦兹力的作用下再做运动，由于在纯磁场里离子运动的旋转半径不同，所以离子在水流里的运动也是有所不同的，到达运动边缘也是分先后的，所以就可以在不同的位置收集离子了，如图22。再通过这个分拣水槽的几个分拣隔板把所想要的离子和其它离子分离开来，那么在这个隔板外面流动的就是有很多其它离子的咸水，在隔板内流动的就是带所想要的离子的海水，同时这分拣淡水槽里边外边的水都在水压的作用下向分拣淡水槽的另一端流去，这个隔板里面流动的就是含所想要离子的海水，收集好以备下一个工序使用。分拣咸水槽的端口到末端的距离要足够长，目的就是使离子在电磁力作用下运动能够完成。整个分拣水槽都要放置到电磁场里去，这样才能做到分拣。分拣淡水槽的两侧外面都是只带正电荷或者只带负电荷的离子的水，把这两种水流到一起就成了盐分浓度高一些的海水了，分拣淡水槽里面就是淡水，可以留做淡水进口流进来的淡水用.分拣淡水槽和分拣水槽外壁之间的含有离子的水，除收集起来了的外，其余的都放回海里去。这个起分拣作用的水槽要方形的，不要做成圆形的，因为有距离要求。同理这个整个分拣水槽及隔板也要用PPR塑料来制作，道理是一样的，分拣淡水槽及隔板可以也用不锈钢制作。
这个分拣的效率是由几个参数决定的，如图19：海水的成分差别不大，不作为一个参数，1，V1，进口海水的流速；2，L1，磁板的宽度(垂直水流方向的尺寸)；3，B，磁场强度；4，L2，分拣水槽在磁板的宽度(垂直水流方向的尺寸)方向的尺寸；5，L3，海水进口端到末端的距离(分拣水槽的长度)；6，V2，进口淡水的流速；7，L4；8，L5；9，L6；10，L7；11，L8。其中，L4，L5，L6，L7是影响分拣的结果的，每一个参数多少都会影响淡化的结果，但海水的流速，淡水的流速，以及隔板的四个尺寸L4，L5，L6，L7这几个参数影响大，可以协调这11个参数就能做到海水流过一段L3的距离(也就是那个分拣咸水槽的长度)里已经完成了在磁场内洛伦兹力作用下的运动，为分拣离子提供必要条件。这11个参数中，有8个参数，L1，L2，L3，L4，L5，L6，L7，L8是设备设施的参数，是不会变的。设备设施做好后就不会变，有三个参数，是工艺参数，海水的流速V1和淡水的流速V2，电磁场强度B这三个参数随时都有可能变化，这11个参数的设定，可根据所想要分拣的离子的实际情况调整。想分拣出某种离子，要调整各个参数可以做到，尤其是要靠调整隔板的尺寸来达到目的，特别强调这里的水的流动方向与磁力线的是垂直的，因为垂直时受的磁力最大，F＝QVB*sinA，A是水的流动方向与磁力线的夹角，当水的流动方向与磁力线平行时，受力为0，也是A是0度或180度时，故分拣水槽不能与磁力线平行，后面说的情况都是在水的流动方向与磁力线垂直的情况下分析的。由于洛伦兹力是适用左手定则的，就是张开左手，让磁力线从手心穿过手再到手背，四个手指的方向为水流动里正电荷运动的的方向，那大拇指指的方向就是洛伦兹力的方向，也就是说洛伦兹力垂直于磁力线和离子运动的速度方向，负电荷的方向就与正电荷的方向相反。这里能够有效分拣离子，必须是离子在这种条件下的运动半径大于(L1-L2)/2，不能让离子在这里做圆环运动，离子的运动半径要足够大，当离子的运动半径 不是足够大时，就可以增大水流速度，这样洛伦兹力就会增大了，离子的运动半径也就变大了.
因为海水的成分非常复杂，不能用一个公式等方法就能确定这些参数之间的关系和数值，但是L2这个值有一个限制，就是要比在这些条件下的离子运动的最小半径要小才好，F＝MV^2/R＝QVB(B是磁场强度)，R＝MV/QB，V，B是设备参数，M和Q是离子参数，所以最小运动半径的离子应该是锂离子和镁离子，按照原子量和带电荷的比值，锂离子的M/Q＝7，镁离子的M/Q＝12，像络合物，螯合物的半径就很大的。
这海水里有90％的成分是常见的，价值不高的，如钠离子，氯离子，钙离子，硫酸根离子，碳酸根离子等等常见离子，因为阳离子几乎都是以水合离子的形式存在的，而每种水合离子性能又不一样，可以根据离子带电的大小，离子体积大小，离子的质量大小等因素影响离子在磁场里的运动速度来区分来分离。这些离子一般都比较小，都时时刻刻在做高速运动，布朗运动的速度大约是0.2米每秒，按照原子量和带电荷的比值，在阳离子里，镁离子的运动半径是12，钙离子20，钠离子23，这些都是占大份额的阳离子，可以设定以30为界，把小于30的去除，例如钾离子39，铜离子32等都大于30，就留下来了；阴离子里氯离子35.5，硫酸根离子48，碳酸根离子30，氟离子19，溴离子80，可以设定45，也可以把大部分的阴离子去除了。可根据这些特点来把这些离子分离出去，得到的是一些贵重的稀有的离子，一般是金属阳离子，如铜离子，钾离子等等。有的离子只因为稀有所以才贵重，稀有的离子经过多次浓缩海水就可以得到的。
同淡化海水一样的道理，因为离子的质量很小，离子运动半径，R＝MV/QB，以钾离子为例，钾离子的质量为6.5×10-26，带电荷为1.6021892x10-19，假定磁场强度为1特斯拉，要想离子运动半径为0.01M的话，那么离子运动的速度必须为5 x105M/S，这个运动速度很大，炸药爆炸的速度是8000M/S，这个算出来的速度是爆炸速度的100倍，这是不可能做到的，所以只有减小磁场了，那就以平常速度1M/S来算，那么磁场强度要是5x10-5特斯拉，而这个值差不多就是地球磁场的强度。考虑到阳离子都是水合离子的形式存在的，所以实际的半径会大些，这里离子的运动是个很复杂的运动，因为洛伦兹力是变方向的，所以离子的运动不能用一个简单公式来表达，这里只说方法思路。所以磁场强度可以用地球磁场强度，为优选地。海水速度与离子运动半径成正比的，R＝MV/QB，其系数是M/QB，所以当速度增大时，分拣水槽的在垂直水流和垂直磁力线的方向上的尺寸也就可以做的更大些，理论上速度可以从0到无穷大，水槽的这个方向的尺寸也可以做到从0到无穷大，但是人为制造高速的水流不可能无穷大，象水刀，做到1000米/秒就已经很困难了，更有速度越大，每方水的淡化成本就越大，从成本上考虑需要选用低速，但是分拣水槽的尺寸是越小，制造就越困难，每小时淡化每方水的建设成本就越大，这就从成本上要求选用大尺寸的分拣水槽，水流的速度又和分拣水槽的尺寸成正比，说以在这个两个参数里有某个不大不小的一对数值是最好的，这个值又会根据某个地方会不一样，这里海水流速和分拣水槽尺寸的关系与淡化浓缩海水的一样，也都是个区间值，举个例吧，当水速在20米每秒时，若算出这些离子旋转半径最小的为0.020米，那么分拣咸水槽在在垂直水流和垂直磁力线方向上的尺寸L2小于这个0.020米，并且越小越好，越小L3的长度就越小，0.010米，0.015米等等都可以实现分拣离子，但是L3的尺寸却是不同，L2越小L3就能做越小，所以这个L2尺寸值有个区间，那就是0-0.020米，同理，若分拣咸水槽在垂直水流和垂直磁力线方向上尺寸L2为0.050米，若算出这海水的流动速度为60米每秒，那么海水的速度在60米每秒以上的都可以实现分拣离子，并且海水速度越大越好，70米每秒，90米每秒，150米每秒都可 以的，海水的速度也有区间，那就是60到正无穷大，海水的速度越大，L3的尺寸也就越大。所以选用海水速度在0.5M/S--500M/S，其中以20M/S为最好，为优选地。因为海水流动的速度大，分拣水槽的这个宽度，也就是图19里那个L2尺寸(即垂直于水流和磁力线所成平面方向的尺寸)就可以做的大些，所以L2的尺寸的范围是0.001-5.000米，L1这个数值是3倍的那个分拣水槽尺寸L2，因为这个水流有三股水，每股水的分拣水槽尺寸可在0.001-5.000米之间，也就是这个参数的范围要是3倍的，那就是0.001-15.000米。其中图19里的进水口也可以做成一股，如图21，就是把两边的进口封起来，这样的分拣水槽就更简单些，L1，L2等的尺寸没有变化，但是进口水流的速度却要比原来的大，是原来的3倍，这样也能起到和原来一样的效果。制作设备设施时，如果是利用地球磁场来淡化，那么把分拣水槽按照垂直地球磁力线放置就可以了，基本上就是按东西方向放置，分拣水槽在重力方向的尺寸要在0.001-5.000米之内，重力方向也就是竖直方向的，上下的方向。因为水流的速度大，那么分拣水槽以及分拣水槽末端到淡水出口的长度可能就是500米，也可能是2000米，也可能更长，可以用塑料挤出机挤出塑料异形材来做，长度就可以设定在0.50-3000.0米吧，这个长度越长越好，分拣的效率就越高，举例当海水的速度一定，水槽的尺寸一定，这些离子都能完成在洛伦兹力的作用下运动，需要水槽长度为100米，那么水槽长度值的区间是100到正无穷大。
优选地，所述分拣海水流速为20M/S。
优选地，所述分拣磁场为当地的地球磁场，约为5x10-5特斯拉。
想要从海水中提取某种金属，就得先分析这种离子的特性，在一定条件下的，这种离子的旋转半径是在最大之一里面还是在最小之一里面还是在众多离子的中间还是不大也不小的。如果是所要离子运动半径不大也不小的，那就把 图22区域2里的海水收集起来就再浓缩。旋转半径较大的就好办，直接就把占大部分的钠镁钙等除去，然后就剩下只占小部分旋转半径较大的重金属离子了，这时就可以把图22区域3内的水收集起来再浓缩，如铜离子。旋转半径较小的也好办，直接就把占大部分的钠镁钙等除去，然后就剩下只占小部分旋转半径较小的金属离子了，这时就可以把图22区域1内的水收集起来再浓缩，如锂离子。再进行浓缩，置换就可以得到重金属了。一般重金属离子旋转半径都比较大，所以用图22区域3的多些。
对于有些比较特殊的离子，有的参数不在可控的范围内，分拣不出来。这样的情况就可以先用磁场把大多数的离子除去，只留下这类离子，数量极少的那种，这时就可以改用电场来收集这类离子，把它收集起来后再浓缩，提纯。因为这时水中已没有很多离子了，导电能力弱，所以这时候用电场来分拣浓缩液不会有较大的能耗，还可以最大限度地提起矿物质等有用资产。用电场来分拣离子，原理和用磁场分拣的原理相同。还有一种结构，是为了解决离子运动半径小的问题，就采用小入口大出口的方式，如图23，图24.这种小入口的尺寸，要小于所有离子的在这磁场和速度下的运动半径，这样所有离子都不会在这入口内做圆环运动，并且另一极性的离子都几乎不做运动。当在这个条件下的离子运动半径小于L2/2时，离子从出口一流出去，再调整尺寸L1，L2，L3，L4，L5，就在三个出口里的一个出口能收集到所想要的离子，原理同图22一样。
下一步就是得到盐分了，再按同样的方法收集所需的另一相反极性离子，然后把这两种离子按等电量加在一起，就是所需的海盐溶液。就是把这高度浓缩的海水进行加工得到成品了，这也根据不同的盐分做出不同的工艺，有的可以用参透膜来析出得到固体盐分，一般得到盐分的目的更多地是为了得到某种金属，这时就可以把盐分然后再加热分解得到金属或金属氧化物，再把金属氧化 物用还原的方法得到金属，如镁，铝，锂等，有的直接用便宜的金属置换出贵重的金属，如金，银，铜等等。
这种海水提取金属方法的优点就是设备简单，投资小，不用维护，没有副产品，不会破坏环境，不会破坏酸碱平衡，很环保，同时具有产量大的特点。再说成本，这个成本很低的，首先假定磁场强度不变的话，离子在磁场里运动是不需要外力的，中国高中物理课本上就说，洛伦兹力在任何情况下都不做功。洛伦兹力只改变离子运动的方向，不对离子做功，那么就只需要把海水用水泵泵入磁场里，再从另一端收集溶液就可以了，成本应该接近于零了。之所以用磁场来分离离子，那是因为离子在磁场中受到的洛伦兹力只改变离子的运动方向，不对离子做功，可以最大程度地节省成本。由于所用磁场较小，所以多用地球磁场来作为分拣磁场和浓缩的磁场或者叫淡化磁场。在用地球磁场作为工作磁场时，要远离人工磁场，因为人工磁场会影响地球磁场，如变压器等物体，也可以用人工磁场作为磁场，离的距离远些，可以做成螺旋形的，也是可以的，在这里就不多讲了。
要从海水中提取某种金属，就得先分析这种离子的特性，在纯磁场的条件下的，这种离子的旋转半径是在最大之一里面还是在最小之一里面还是在众多离子的中间，不大也不小的，再调整隔板的四个尺寸。如果是所要离子运动半径不大也不小的，那就把图22区域2里的海水收集起来就再浓缩。旋转半径较大的就好办，就可以把图22区域3内的水收集起来再浓缩，如铜离子。旋转半径较小的也好办，就可以把图22区域1内的水收集起来再浓缩，如锂离子。再按同样的方法收集所需的另一相反极性离子，然后把这两种离子按等电量加在一起，就是所需的海盐溶液。再用磁场或者电场进行浓缩，置换或者还原就可以得到重金属了，或者用参透膜(也就是淡化海水其它方法用的那种膜)来析出固体盐分， 再加热分解成氧化物，把氧化物还原就成金属。
方法有以下几种：
1：先用图22分拣离子，然后再用图16来浓缩海水，得到高浓度的盐的溶液。
2：先用图16浓缩海水，然后再用图22来分拣离子，得到高浓度的盐的溶液。
3：先用图16浓缩海水，然后再用图23来分拣离子，先用图16浓缩海水得到高浓度的盐的溶液。
方法暂列以上几种，也有用磁场和电场结合的方式来分拣离子的，只所以想单用磁场来分拣离子，主要还是想节省成本，这里就不作介绍了。
本公开提供了一种淡化海水及提取海盐的设施。该设施把海水以一定的速度泵入有磁场环境的浓缩水槽里(浓缩水槽与磁力线不能平行)，海水中的阴阳离子就会在洛伦兹力的作用下分别向不同的方向运动，等离子完成了在洛伦兹力作用下的运动，在浓缩水槽的咸水槽中间区域就会留下没有离子的淡水，然后再对浓缩水槽中间区域的淡水用浓缩水槽里的淡水槽来隔离的方法截取出来就是淡水，把剩余海水收集起来就是浓缩后的海水；再把浓缩后的海水以一定速度泵入置于有磁场环境里的一个分拣水槽里(分拣水槽不能与磁力线平行)，海水在分拣水槽里流动，也就是离子在运动着，海水中的离子就会在磁场的洛伦兹力作用下运动，等离子完成了洛伦兹力的作用下的运动后，带正电荷和负电荷的离子就会分别靠到了分拣水槽的咸水槽两边上去了，再等海水流到咸水槽的末端，离子就会再次在磁场里做运动，这时所有的离子都在同一起跑线上，再根据不同离子在这同一磁场里运动的轨迹不同(到达分拣水槽外壁的先后顺序)，可以计算出所需的离子会出现的区域，再在这个区域里收集所需的离子，再按同样的方法收集所需的另一相反极性离子，然后把这两种离子溶液按等电量加在一起，就是所需的海盐溶液，再进行处理就可以得到海盐；可以先浓缩 后分拣，也可以先分拣后浓缩；若只用浓缩水槽，只收集淡水，那就是海水淡化工程。
可选地，浓缩水槽的进水端口到浓缩淡水槽的进水端口的距离能够使海水中离子在离子到达浓缩水槽的淡水槽进水端口之前已经完成了在洛伦兹力作用下的运动。
可选地，浓缩水槽的淡水槽横截面和浓缩水槽的咸水槽横截面同中心。
可选地，分拣咸水槽的长度能够使海水中离子在离子到达分拣水槽的咸水槽末端之前已经完成了在洛伦兹力作用下的运动。
可选地，根据不同离子在这同一磁场里相同的速度的运动轨迹不同(到达分拣水槽外壁的先后顺序)来分离离子的。
可选地，所述淡化海水及提取海盐的设施利用了水槽里运动着海水(海水的流动方向不能与磁力线平行)中的离子在磁场中受到的洛伦兹力只改变离子的运动方向不对离子做功的原理来节省成本。
可选地，所述海水的流动速度均为0.5M/S-500M/S，M/S是米/每秒。
可选地，其所述磁场都为当地的地球磁场。
可选地，所述浓缩水槽的横截面是圆形时，该圆形的直径为0.001米-5.000米，横截面是非圆形时，浓缩水槽在垂直其槽体的长度方向和垂直磁场的磁力线的方向上的宽度为0.001米-5.000米。
可选地，所述浓缩水槽和分拣水槽长度方向(即水的流动方向)与地球磁场的磁力线垂直的方向偏差都要小于45度角。
以上是利用磁场电场淡化海水和提取海盐的设备设施的原理，用这个设备设施，可以生产淡水，可以生产海盐，可以提取某种物质，也可以把浓缩后的海水用来造个人造死海，用作游乐项目。为了更低的成本向人们提供淡水，海 盐及其它产品，或者人造死海的游乐项目，淡化海水和提取海盐和提取物质放在一起配套使用，这样经济效益更好。沙漠尤其是靠近海边的沙漠，没有水很可惜，不适合人类居住。但那里是块宝地，只要能够有低成本的海水淡化方法，就可以把这沙漠变成物产富饶的宝地，并且比其它有降雨的地区更好，因为这里将没有干旱，没有洪涝灾害。这里一切将受控于人类，想让这里变成雨季，就可以把这里变成雨季，想把这里变成旱季，就可以把这里变成旱季，季节的变换，只不过人们动一下手里操纵开关而已。举例，西亚地区，北非地区，澳大利亚以及沿海城市都将因这个技术而受益，由其沿海城市用水，可以管够，需要多少就能给多少。
工业实用性
一种淡化海水及提取海盐的设施，把海水以一定速度泵入电场或磁场里(或者同时使用电场和磁场)，海水中的离子就会在电磁力的作用下运动，等离子完成了在电磁力作用下的运动后，在中间区域就会留下没有离子的淡水，然后通过淡水槽隔离截取出来。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种淡化海水及提取海盐的设施，包括：
    有磁场环境里的浓缩水槽，其中，所述浓缩水槽包括浓缩咸水槽和浓缩淡水槽，所述浓缩水槽与磁场的磁力线不平行；
    有磁场环境里的分拣水槽，其中，所述分拣水槽包括分拣咸水槽，分拣淡水槽，两个隔板以及分拣水槽外壁，所述分拣水槽与磁场的磁力线不平行；以及
    海盐提取装置，设置为从所述分拣水槽获得海盐溶液并从所述海盐溶液中提取海盐，
    其中，将海水以一定速度泵入所述有磁场环境里的浓缩水槽，从所述浓缩水槽的浓缩淡水槽收集淡水，从所述浓缩咸水槽收集剩余海水，将所述剩余海水以一定速度泵入有磁场环境里的分拣水槽，计算离子出现的区域并收集正离子溶液和负离子溶液，将正离子溶液和负离子溶液按等电量混合得到所述海盐溶液。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的淡化海水及提取海盐的设施，其中，
    浓缩水槽的进水端口到浓缩淡水槽的进水端口的距离设置为能够使海水中离子在离子到达浓缩水槽的淡水槽进水端口之前已经完成了在洛伦兹力作用下的运动。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的淡化海水及提取海盐的设施，其中，
    浓缩水槽的淡水槽横截面和浓缩水槽的咸水槽横截面同中心。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的淡化海水及提取海盐的设施，其中，
    分拣咸水槽的长度设置为能够使海水中离子在离子到达分拣水槽的咸水槽末端之前已经完成了在洛伦兹力作用下的运动。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的淡化海水及提取海盐的设施，其中，
    根据不同离子在分拣水槽的磁场里相同的速度的运动轨迹不同，即到达分拣水槽外壁的先后顺序，来分离离子。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的淡化海水及提取海盐的设施，其中，海水泵入所述有磁场环境里的所述浓缩水槽或所述分拣水槽的速度都为0.5米/每秒-500米/每秒。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的淡化海水及提取海盐的设施，其中，所述浓缩水槽的磁场和所述分拣水槽的磁场均为地球磁场。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的淡化海水及提取海盐的设施，其中，所述浓缩水槽的横截面是圆形时，该圆形的直径为0.001米-5.000米，横截面是非圆形时，浓缩水槽在垂直其槽体的长度方向和垂直磁场的磁力线的方向上的宽度为0.001米-5.000米。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的淡化海水及提取海盐的设施，其中，分拣水槽在垂直其槽体的长度方向和垂直磁场的磁力线的方向上的宽度为0.001米-5.000米。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的淡化海水及提取海盐的设施，其中，所述浓缩水槽和分拣水槽的长度方向和垂直与地球磁场的磁力线的方向的夹角都小于45度。
  11. 一种淡化海水及提取海盐的方法，包括：
    将海水以第一速度泵入有磁场环境里的浓缩水槽，其中，所述浓缩水槽包括浓缩咸水槽和浓缩淡水槽，所述浓缩水槽与磁场的磁力线不平行，所述海水中的正，负离子在洛伦兹力的作用下分别向不同的方向运动；
    从所述浓缩水槽的浓缩淡水槽收集淡水；
    从所述浓缩咸水槽收集剩余海水；
    将所述剩余海水以第二速度泵入有磁场环境里的分拣水槽，其中，所述分拣水槽包括分拣咸水槽，分拣淡水槽，两个隔板以及分拣水槽外壁，所述分拣水槽与磁场的磁力线不平行；
    计算分拣水槽外壁上离子出现的区域并在对应区域收集正离子溶液和负离子溶液；
    将正离子溶液和负离子溶液按等电量混合得到所述海盐溶液；以及
    从所述海盐溶液中提取海盐。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的淡化海水及提取海盐的方法，其中，所述浓缩水槽的磁场和所述分拣水槽的磁场均为地球磁场。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的淡化海水及提取海盐的方法，其中，海水泵入所述有磁场环境里的浓缩水槽和分拣水槽的速度都为0.5米/每秒-500米/每秒。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的淡化海水及提取海盐的方法，其中，浓缩水槽的进水端口到浓缩淡水槽的进水端口的距离设置为能够使海水中离子在离子到达浓缩水槽的淡水槽进水端口之前已经完成了在洛伦兹力作用下的运动。
  15. 根据权利要求11所述的淡化海水及提取海盐的方法，其中，浓缩水槽的淡水槽横截面和浓缩水槽的咸水槽横截面同中心。
  16. 根据权利要求11所述的淡化海水及提取海盐的方法，其中，分拣咸水槽的长度设置为能够使海水中离子在离子到达分拣水槽的咸水槽末端之前已经完成了在洛伦兹力作用下的运动。
  17. 根据权利要求11所述的淡化海水及提取海盐的方法，其中，根据不同离子在分拣水槽的磁场里相同的速度的运动轨迹不同，即到达分拣水槽外壁的先后顺序，来分离离子。
  18. 根据权利要求11所述的淡化海水及提取海盐的方法，其中，所述浓缩 水槽的横截面是圆形时，该圆形的直径为0.001米-5.000米，横截面是非圆形时，浓缩水槽在垂直其槽体的长度方向和垂直磁场的磁力线的方向上的宽度为0.001米-5.000米。
  19. 根据权利要求11所述的淡化海水及提取海盐的方法，其中，所述分拣水槽在垂直其各自的槽体的长度方向和垂直工作磁场的磁力线的方向上的宽度都为0.001米-5.000米。
  20. 根据权利要求11所述的淡化海水及提取海盐的方法，其中，所述浓缩水槽和所述分拣水槽的长度方向和垂直与地球磁场的磁力线的方向的夹角都要小于45度。
PCT/CN2017/085143 2016-05-20 2017-05-19 淡化海水及提取海盐的方法和设施 WO2017198225A1 (zh)

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