WO2017197957A1 - 一种用于光纤陀螺的超细径保偏光纤及其制造方法 - Google Patents

一种用于光纤陀螺的超细径保偏光纤及其制造方法 Download PDF

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WO2017197957A1
WO2017197957A1 PCT/CN2017/075534 CN2017075534W WO2017197957A1 WO 2017197957 A1 WO2017197957 A1 WO 2017197957A1 CN 2017075534 W CN2017075534 W CN 2017075534W WO 2017197957 A1 WO2017197957 A1 WO 2017197957A1
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diameter
fiber
polarization
fine
maintaining
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French (fr)
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孔明
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Fiberhome Telecommunication Technologies Co Ltd
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Fiberhome Telecommunication Technologies Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
    • C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
    • C03B37/0253—Controlling or regulating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
    • C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
    • C03B37/027—Fibres composed of different sorts of glass, e.g. glass optical fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/014—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD]
    • C03B37/018—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD] by glass deposition on a glass substrate, e.g. by inside-, modified-, plasma- or plasma modified- chemical vapour deposition [ICVD, MCVD, PCVD, PMCVD], i.e. by thin layer coating on the inside or outside of a glass tube or on a glass rod
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
    • C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
    • C03B37/027—Fibres composed of different sorts of glass, e.g. glass optical fibres
    • C03B37/02709—Polarisation maintaining fibres, e.g. PM, PANDA, bi-refringent optical fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
    • C03C25/10—Coating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/024—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with polarisation maintaining properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2201/00—Type of glass produced
    • C03B2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
    • C03B2201/30—Doped silica-based glasses doped with metals, e.g. Ga, Sn, Sb, Pb or Bi
    • C03B2201/31—Doped silica-based glasses doped with metals, e.g. Ga, Sn, Sb, Pb or Bi doped with germanium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
    • C03B2203/30—Polarisation maintaining [PM], i.e. birefringent products, e.g. with elliptical core, by use of stress rods, "PANDA" type fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
    • C03B2203/32—Eccentric core or cladding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
    • C03B2203/34—Plural core other than bundles, e.g. double core
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
    • Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of communication system transmission and fiber optic angular velocity sensor, such as fiber optic gyroscope, and particularly to a superfine diameter polarization maintaining fiber for a fiber optic gyroscope and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • Polarization-maintaining fiber also known as Polarization Maintaining Optical Fiber
  • the waveguide structure of polarization-maintaining fiber generally includes elliptical cladding polarization-maintaining fiber, butterfly-type polarization-maintaining fiber and panda type.
  • Polarization-maintaining fiber, Panda-type polarization-maintaining fiber has stress on the core by applying two circular stress zones symmetrically on both sides of the core. It has a series of advantages, such as high birefringence effect, good core roundness, and low fiber attenuation. And the versatility of the manufacturing process.
  • the fiber optic gyro system With the rapid development of the defense industry, the fiber optic gyro system is developing in the direction of high precision and miniaturization.
  • the polarization-maintaining fiber is an indispensable key component in the fiber optic gyroscope system, and its development is bound to The development of fine core diameter, high precision and large length.
  • the use of the fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber in the fiber-optic gyro system has the following advantages: 1.
  • the diameter of the polarization-maintaining fiber is reduced, the bending strength of the fiber can be increased, and the winding radius of the fiber ring can be reduced, thereby reducing the fiber ring.
  • the volume of the ring is beneficial to the fabrication of the miniaturized fiber optic gyroscope.
  • the fiber optic gyro Sagnac coil can be greatly reduced by the use of the fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber to facilitate the fabrication of the miniaturized fiber optic gyroscope; 3.
  • the use of the fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber can reduce the number of layers to be wounded, thereby reducing the interaction between the fibers due to the layer stacking.
  • the thickness of the fiber ring Decrease, when the ambient temperature changes, the temperature difference between the inner and outer fibers is reduced, which is beneficial to improve the environmental adaptability of the fiber optic gyroscope and improve the temperature characteristics of the fiber optic gyroscope.
  • the polarization-maintaining fiber at home and abroad has formed a series of products with different diameters of cladding diameters of 125 ⁇ m and 80 ⁇ m, such as 1310nm and 1550nm, and coating diameters of 245 ⁇ m, 165 ⁇ m and 135 ⁇ m, and has stable and mature production technology.
  • cladding diameters of 125 ⁇ m and 80 ⁇ m, such as 1310nm and 1550nm, and coating diameters of 245 ⁇ m, 165 ⁇ m and 135 ⁇ m
  • the prior art mainly achieves the control of the fiber diameter by reducing the diameter of the fiber cladding layer, thereby realizing the miniaturization of the fiber optic gyroscope.
  • the pursuit of a fiber with a smaller cladding diameter will face more technical problems: 1.
  • Optical fiber The optical performance index is difficult to meet the requirements of the fiber optic gyroscope manufacturer; 2.
  • the geometric properties of the cladding diameter and coating quality during the drawing process are difficult to control; 3.
  • the coupling/splicing difficulty of the fiber will increase, and thus the number of fibers will increase.
  • Coupling/splicing loss; 4 the finer fiber diameter is bound to increase the difficulty of fiber development, and thus increase the fiber input cost.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to develop a good optical performance, excellent geometric performance and coupling/welding performance between optical fibers, and at the same time, it is possible to strictly control the production cost in the production process, and realize the miniaturization and low of the fiber optic gyroscope. Cost-maintaining fiber.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a super-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining optical fiber for a fiber optic gyroscope, comprising the following steps:
  • An optical fiber preform having excellent optical properties is prepared by strictly controlling the process parameters of the optical fiber preform
  • the diameter control and automatic speed adjustment are used to achieve precise control of the diameter of the ultra-fine diameter polarization-maintaining fiber cladding.
  • the ultra-fine diameter polarization-maintaining fiber is realized by the coating layer diameter controllable technology with the coating temperature. Precise control of the coating layer diameter;
  • the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber is a Panda-type safety fiber having an operating wavelength of 850 nm
  • the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber cladding layer has a diameter of 60 ⁇ m
  • the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber coating layer has a diameter of 100 ⁇ m.
  • the optical fiber preform is cylindrical, the diameter of the erbium-doped core region is between 2 mm and 5 mm, the diameter of the quartz cladding is between 40 mm and 60 mm, and the diameter of the stress region is between 10 mm and 20 mm.
  • the control of the erbium-doped core diameter, the quartz cladding diameter, and the stress zone diameter controls the mode field diameter, the cutoff wavelength, and the crosstalk and beat length of the ultrafine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber.
  • the cross-sectional structure of the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber is realized by strictly controlling the flow rate opening of the PCVD deposition bed and the mixed strong pressure of the deposition bed. Precise control.
  • the oxygen flowmeter opening degree is 40% to 90%; the fluorine flowmeter opening degree is 20% to 65%; the silicon tetrachloride flowmeter opening degree is 1% to 45%; The opening degree is 1% to 20%.
  • the diameter return control and the automatic speed adjustment are mainly realized by a PID return control system composed of a drawing furnace, a rod feeding mechanism and a main traction wheel in the fiber drawing tower, and the ultra-fine diameter polarization maintaining fiber cladding layer
  • the diameter is precisely controlled by the change of the three variable parameters of the heating power of the drawing furnace, the feeding speed of the rod feeding mechanism and the rotation speed of the main traction wheel.
  • the heating power of the drawing furnace ranges from 30 Kw to 50 Kw; the feeding speed of the rod feeding mechanism is between 0.3 mm/min and 1.5 mm/min; the rotation speed of the main traction wheel Between 100r/min and 500r/min.
  • the coating layer diameter is controlled according to the coating temperature control technology, that is, the coating temperature and the drawing speed matching technology are used to accurately control the diameter of the ultra-fine diameter polarization-maintaining fiber coating layer.
  • the coating temperature is between 20 ° C and 40 ° C; the drawing speed is between 100 m / min and 500 m / min.
  • the invention also provides a super-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber for a fiber optic gyroscope, including an ultra-fine diameter guarantee a partial fiber core region, a super-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber cladding layer, and a super-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber stress region, wherein the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber core region is located at a center of the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber cladding layer
  • the fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber stress regions are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber core region and located in the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber cladding layer.
  • the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber is a panda-type insurance fiber, and its working wavelength is 850 nm, the diameter of the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber cladding is 60 ⁇ m, and the coating diameter of the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber is 100 ⁇ m. .
  • the invention provides an ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber for a fiber optic gyroscope and a manufacturing method thereof, and the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber manufactured by the invention not only has good optical performance, geometric performance and coupling/welding performance, Moreover, it is difficult to manufacture and low in cost, and is suitable for mass production.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of a super-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber for a fiber optic gyroscope according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a super-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining optical fiber for a fiber optic gyroscope according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of drawing a super-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber for a fiber optic gyroscope according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a cladding diameter distribution of a super-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber for a fiber optic gyroscope according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a coating layer diameter distribution of an ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber for a fiber optic gyroscope according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber for a fiber optic gyroscope and a method for manufacturing the same, and the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber manufactured by the invention not only has good optical performance, Geometric performance and coupling/splicing performance, and low manufacturing difficulty and low cost, suitable for mass production.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a super-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber for a fiber optic gyroscope.
  • FIG. 1 it is a schematic cross-sectional structure of a super-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber, and the super-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber is a Panda-type polarization maintaining.
  • the optical fiber includes an ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber core region 1, a super-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber cladding layer 2, and a super-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber stress region 3, and the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber core region 1 is located in the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining optical fiber package.
  • the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber stress region 3 is symmetrically distributed on both sides of the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber core region 1 and located in the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber cladding layer 2, wherein the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining optical fiber core Zone 1 is formed by the core rod in the optical fiber preform during the drawing process, and the ultra-fine diameter polarization-maintaining fiber stress zone 3 is formed by the stress bars in the optical fiber preform during the drawing process.
  • the diameter of the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber cladding 2 is 60 ⁇ m
  • the coating diameter of the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber is 100 ⁇ m
  • the operating wavelength of the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber is 850 nm.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a method for manufacturing a super-diameter polarization-maintaining optical fiber for a fiber optic gyroscope, as shown in FIG. 2, comprising the following steps:
  • the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber is a Panda-type polarization-maintaining fiber, and its working wavelength is 850 nm, the diameter of the ultra-fine polarization-maintaining fiber cladding is 60 ⁇ m, and the diameter of the ultra-fine polarization-maintaining fiber coating layer is 100 ⁇ m.
  • the optical performance of the fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber is constant, the diameter of the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber cladding and the coating layer diameter are further reduced, and the miniaturization of the fiber-optic gyro is realized.
  • the optical fiber preform is cylindrical, and the diameter of the erbium-doped core region is between 2 mm and 5 mm; the diameter of the quartz cladding is between 40 mm and 60 mm; the diameter of the stress region is between 10 mm and 20 mm, and the diameter of the core region is covered by the cladding.
  • the diameter and the control of the diameter of the stress zone enable the mode field of the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber Control of diameter, cutoff wavelength, and crosstalk and beat length.
  • the control of the ultra-fine diameter polarization-maintaining fiber cladding diameter and the control of the diameter of the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber coating layer are synchronously implemented, and the diameters of the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber cladding are respectively realized in the same time period. Precise control of the coating diameter.
  • the ultra-fine diameter polarization maintaining is realized by strictly controlling the flow rate of the PCVD (Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition) deposition bed and the mixed strong pressure of the deposition bed.
  • the precise control of the fiber cross-section structure is specifically: the oxygen flowmeter opening degree is 40% to 90%; the fluorine flowmeter opening degree is 20% to 65%; the silicon tetrachloride flowmeter opening degree is 1% to 45%; The cerium chloride flowmeter has an opening degree of 1% to 20%.
  • step S2 the diameter return control and the automatic speed adjustment are mainly realized by a PID control system composed of a drawing furnace, a rod feeding mechanism and a main traction wheel in the fiber drawing tower, and the diameter of the ultra-fine diameter polarization-maintaining fiber cladding is matched with the drawing furnace.
  • Accurate control is realized by changing the three variable parameters of the heating power, the feeding speed of the rod feeding mechanism and the rotating speed of the main traction wheel, specifically: the heating power range of the drawing furnace is between 30Kw and 50Kw; The speed is between 0.3mm/min and 1.5mm/min; the speed of the main traction wheel is between 100r/min and 500r/min.
  • step S2 the coating layer diameter is controlled according to the coating temperature, that is, in addition to the conventional use of the mold aperture to control the coating layer diameter, the present invention also adopts a method of changing the coating temperature to match the coating temperature and the drawing speed.
  • the technology realizes precise control of the diameter of the ultra-fine diameter polarization-maintaining fiber coating layer, specifically: the coating temperature is between 20 ° C and 40 ° C; the drawing speed is between 100 m / min and 500 m / min.
  • FIG. 3 it is a schematic diagram of the drawing of the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber. The specific process is as follows:
  • the optical fiber preform 5 is fixed to the wire feeding mechanism 4 on the fiber drawing tower, and the optical fiber preform 5 is melt-drawn in the drawing furnace 6 at 1800 ° C to 2000 ° C to form a bare optical fiber 14 , and the bare optical fiber 14 is subjected to bare optical fiber logging.
  • the instrument 7 performs real-time monitoring, and the diameter of the bare fiber 14 is automatically controlled according to the change of the three variable parameters of the heating power of the drawing furnace 6, the feeding speed of the rod feeding mechanism 4, and the rotation speed of the main traction wheel 15, and the bare optical fiber 14 Diameter controlled at 60 ⁇ m, forming ultra-fine diameter fiber, superfine
  • the diameter fiber is solidified by the curing device 10, and is passed through the reversing wheel 12 to be drawn into the ultra-fine diameter polarization maintaining fiber under the tension of the tension provided by the tension wheel 13.
  • the fiber drawing tower is also provided with a coating layer control system 8 and a coating device 9 to achieve a strict matching of the coating temperature and the drawing speed by establishing a coating temperature-viscosity model and a coating temperature-drawing speed model.
  • Precise control of the diameter of the biased fiber coating layer the diameter of the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber coating layer is monitored in real time by the fiber optic logging tool 11, and the diameter of the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber coating layer is controlled at 100 ⁇ m. Finally, the ultra-fine diameter is guaranteed.
  • the deflecting fiber is pulled by the main traction sheave 15 and is wound by the wire receiving system 1.
  • the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining optical fiber preform with a diameter of 52.5 mm, a core diameter of 3.9 mm and a diameter of 14.8 mm was selected and fixed on the feeding mechanism, and the feeding speed was 0.5 mm/min.
  • the drawing is performed at a temperature of about 1900 ° C.
  • the heating power of the drawing furnace is 47 Kw
  • the rotation speed of the main traction wheel is 150 r/min
  • the coating temperature is 20 ° C
  • the prepared ultra-fine diameter polarization-maintaining fiber cladding is 60 ⁇ m.
  • the coating diameter is 100 ⁇ m; the main test indicators of the fiber are shown in Table 1.
  • An ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining optical fiber preform with a fiber preform diameter of 54.5 mm, a core diameter of 4.2 mm, and a stress zone diameter of 14.8 mm was selected and fixed on the feed bar mechanism, and the feed speed was 0.4 mm/min.
  • the melt drawing is carried out at a temperature of about 1900 ° C.
  • the heating power of the drawing furnace is 49 Kw
  • the rotation speed of the main traction wheel is 170 r/min
  • the coating temperature is 22 ° C
  • the prepared ultra-fine diameter polarization-maintaining fiber cladding is 60 ⁇ m.
  • the coating diameter is 100 ⁇ m; the main test indicators of the fiber are shown in Table 2.
  • An ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining optical fiber preform with an optical fiber preform diameter of 55.5 mm, a core diameter of 4.3 mm, and a stress zone diameter of 15.8 mm was selected and fixed on the feed bar mechanism, and the feed speed was 0.5 mm/min.
  • the drawing is performed at a temperature of about 1900 ° C.
  • the heating power of the drawing furnace is 50 Kw
  • the rotation speed of the main traction wheel is 220 r/min
  • the coating temperature is 23 ° C
  • the prepared ultra-fine diameter polarization-maintaining fiber cladding is 60 ⁇ m.
  • the coating diameter is 100 ⁇ m; the main test indicators of the fiber are shown in Table 3.
  • the invention realizes a fiber optic gyroscope with a cladding diameter of 60 ⁇ m and a coating layer diameter of 100 ⁇ m.
  • the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber and the manufacturing method thereof further reduce the cladding diameter and the coating layer diameter while ensuring the optical performance of the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber, thereby realizing the miniaturization of the fiber-optic gyro, and at the same time,
  • the ultra-fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber can operate at a wavelength of 850 nm.
  • the present invention is carried out on a conventional Panda-type polarization-maintaining fiber production line without adding additional process equipment, and can produce longer fibers per unit weight of optical fiber preform consumption, and at the same time, the coating layer diameter is reduced. This results in less paint consumption per unit length, which increases fiber production efficiency and reduces fiber material costs.
  • the ultra-fine-diameter PSA-type polarization-maintaining fiber manufactured by the invention can work at a wavelength of 850 nm, so that the subsequent fiber-optic gyro matching light source can be selected to be 850 nm, thereby reducing the cost of the fiber-optic gyro component, which is beneficial to Marketing.

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Abstract

一种用于光纤陀螺的超细径保偏光纤及其制造方法：通过控制光纤预制棒工艺参数，制备出光纤预制棒；在拉制过程中，采用直径回控及速度自动调节实现对超细径保偏光纤包层直径的精确控制，同时，采用涂覆层直径随涂料温度可控技术实现对超细径保偏光纤涂覆层直径的精确控制；该超细径保偏光纤为熊猫型保险光纤，其工作波长为850nm，该超细径保偏光纤包层直径为60μm，该超细径保偏光纤涂覆层直径为100μm。

Description

一种用于光纤陀螺的超细径保偏光纤及其制造方法 技术领域
本发明涉及通信系统传输及光纤陀螺等光纤角速度传感器件领域，具体涉及一种用于光纤陀螺的超细径保偏光纤及其制造方法。
背景技术
保偏光纤(PMF)，也称偏振保持光纤(Polarization Maintaining Optical Fiber)，是特种光纤的一类，保偏光纤的波导结构一般包括椭圆包层保偏光纤、蝶结型保偏光纤和熊猫型保偏光纤，熊猫型保偏光纤通过在纤芯两边对称应用两个圆形应力区对纤芯产生应力，具有一系列的优点，如双折射效应高，纤芯圆度好，光纤衰减低，以及制造工艺通用性好等特点。
随着国防工业的快速发展，光纤陀螺系统向着高精度和小型化的方向发展，为了适应光纤陀螺这一发展趋势，保偏光纤作为光纤陀螺系统中必不可少的关键部件，其研制也势必朝着细芯径、高精度和大长度方向发展。
细径保偏光纤应用于光纤陀螺系统中具有以下优点：1、减小保偏光纤直径，可以增加光纤的抗弯曲强度，也可以使光纤环圈的绕制半径减小，从而减小光纤环圈的体积，进而有利于制作小型化光纤陀螺；2、同样长度条件下，采用细径保偏光纤绕制光纤陀螺Sagnac线圈可以大大减小环圈体积和重量，有利于制作小型化光纤陀螺；3、同等环圈条件下，使用细径保偏光纤可以减少绕制层数，从而减少光纤之间由于层层叠加引起的相互作用，同时，由于层数减少和光纤变细、光纤环中厚度减少，当环境温度改变时，内外层光纤温度差减小，有利于改善光纤陀螺环境适应性，提高光纤陀螺温度特性。
目前国内外保偏光纤已经形成了1310nm、1550nm等工作波长的包层直径125μm、80μm，涂覆层直径为245μm、165μm、135μm等不同直径的系列产品，并且具有稳定成熟的生产工艺技术，随着光纤陀螺朝着小型化方向发展的趋势，如何在保证陀螺精度的情况下进一步减小陀螺的体积和成本，便成为困扰保偏光纤生产者的难题。
现有技术主要是通过减小光纤包层直径来达到控制光纤直径，从而实现光纤陀螺的小型化，但是一昧的追求更小包层直径的光纤，就会面临更多的技术难题：1、光纤的光学性能指标难以达到光纤陀螺厂家的要求；2、光纤在拉制过程中包层直径及涂覆层质量等几何性能难以控制；3、光纤的耦合/熔接难度将会增加，进而加大了耦合/熔接损耗；4、更细光纤直径势必加大光纤研制难度，进而增加光纤投入成本。
因此，如何研制出一种具有良好的光学性能、优良的几何性能及光纤间的耦合/熔接性能，同时能够在生产工艺中严格控制生产成本，实现光纤陀螺的小型化、低成本的保偏光纤便成为急需解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是研制出一种具有良好的光学性能、优良的几何性能及光纤间的耦合/熔接性能，同时能够在生产工艺中严格控制生产成本，实现光纤陀螺的小型化、低成本的保偏光纤。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案是提供一种用于光纤陀螺的超细径保偏光纤的制造方法，包括以下步骤：
通过严格控制光纤预制棒工艺参数，制备出具有优良光学特性的光纤预制棒；
在拉制过程中，采用直径回控及速度自动调节实现对超细径保偏光纤包层直径的精确控制，同时，采用涂覆层直径随涂料温度可控技术实现对超细径保偏光纤涂覆层直径的精确控制；
所述超细径保偏光纤为熊猫型保险光纤，其工作波长为850nm，所述超细径保偏光纤包层直径为60μm，所述超细径保偏光纤涂覆层直径为100μm。
在上述技术方案中，所述光纤预制棒为圆柱形，其掺锗芯区直径在2mm～5mm之间，石英包层直径在40mm～60mm之间，应力区直径在10mm～20mm之间，通过对所述掺锗芯区直径、石英包层直径以及应力区直径的控制实现对所述超细径保偏光纤的模场直径、截止波长以及串音与拍长的控制。
在上述技术方案中，在所述光纤预制棒芯棒的制作过程中，通过严格控制PCVD沉积床的流量计开度以及沉积床的混合强压力实现对所述超细径保偏光纤剖面结构的精确控制。
在上述技术方案中，氧流量计开度为40％～90％；氟流量计开度为20％～65％；四氯化硅流量计开度为1％～45％；四氯化锗流量计开度为1％～20％。
在上述技术方案中，所述直径回控及速度自动调节主要是通过光纤拉丝塔中拉丝炉、送棒机构和主牵引轮组成的PID回控系统实现，所述超细径保偏光纤包层直径随所述拉丝炉的加热功率、送棒机构的送棒速度以及主牵引轮的转速这三个变量参数的改变而实现精确控制。
在上述技术方案中，所述拉丝炉的加热功率范围在30Kw～50Kw之间；所述送棒机构的送棒速度在0.3mm/min～1.5mm/min之间；所述主牵引轮的转速在100r/min～500 r/min之间。
在上述技术方案中，所述采用涂覆层直径随涂料温度可控技术即通过涂料温度与拉丝速度匹配技术实现对所述超细径保偏光纤涂覆层直径的精确控制。
在上述技术方案中，涂料温度在20℃～40℃之间；拉丝速度在100m/min～500m/min之间。
本发明还提供了一种用于光纤陀螺的超细径保偏光纤，包括超细径保 偏光纤芯区、超细径保偏光纤包层和超细径保偏光纤应力区，所述超细径保偏光纤芯区位于所述超细径保偏光纤包层的中心，所述超细径保偏光纤应力区对称分布在所述超细径保偏光纤芯区两侧且位于所述超细径保偏光纤包层中，
所述超细径保偏光纤为熊猫型保险光纤，其工作波长为850nm，所述超细径保偏光纤包层的直径为60μm，所述超细径保偏光纤的涂覆层直径为100μm。
本发明的提供了一种用于光纤陀螺的超细径保偏光纤及其制造方法，通过本发明制造出来的超细径保偏光纤不仅具有良好的光学性能、几何性能和耦合/熔接性能，而且制造难度低、成本低，适合大批量生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种用于光纤陀螺的超细径保偏光纤的剖面结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的一种用于光纤陀螺的超细径保偏光纤的制造方法流程图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的一种用于光纤陀螺的超细径保偏光纤的拉制示意图；
图4为本发明实施例提供的一种用于光纤陀螺的超细径保偏光纤的包层直径分布图；
图5为本发明实施例提供的一种用于光纤陀螺的超细径保偏光纤的涂覆层直径分布图。
具体实施方式
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于光纤陀螺的超细径保偏光纤及其制造方法，通过本发明制造出来的超细径保偏光纤不仅具有良好的光学性能、 几何性能和耦合/熔接性能，而且制造难度低、成本低，适合大批量生产。
下面结合说明书附图和具体实施方式对本发明做出详细的说明。
本发明实施例提供了一种用于光纤陀螺的超细径保偏光纤，如图1所示，为超细径保偏光纤的剖面结构示意图，上述超细径保偏光纤为熊猫型保偏光纤，包括超细径保偏光纤芯区1、超细径保偏光纤包层2和超细径保偏光纤应力区3，超细径保偏光纤芯区1位于超细径保偏光纤包层2的中心，超细径保偏光纤应力区3对称分布在超细径保偏光纤芯区1两侧且位于超细径保偏光纤包层2中，其中，超细径保偏光纤芯区1由光纤预制棒中的芯棒在拉丝过程中形成，超细径保偏光纤应力区3由光纤预制棒中的应力棒在拉丝过程中形成。
超细径保偏光纤包层2的直径为60μm，超细径保偏光纤的涂覆层直径为100μm，超细径保偏光纤的工作波长为850nm。
本发明实施例还提供了一种用于光纤陀螺的超细径保偏光纤的制造方法，如图2所示，包括以下步骤：
S1、通过严格控制光纤预制棒工艺参数来实现对超细径保偏光纤剖面结构的精确控制，制备出具有优良光学特性的光纤预制棒。
S2、在拉制过程中，采用直径回控及速度自动调节等拉丝技术实现对超细径保偏光纤包层直径的精确控制，同时，采用涂覆层直径随涂料温度可控技术实现对超细径保偏光纤涂覆层直径的精确控制。
上述超细径保偏光纤为熊猫型保偏光纤，其工作波长为850nm，超细径保偏光纤包层直径为60μm，超细径保偏光纤涂覆层直径为100μm，本方案在保证超细径保偏光纤的光学性能不变的情况下，进一步减小了超细径保偏光纤包层直径和涂覆层直径，实现了光纤陀螺的小型化。
上述光纤预制棒为圆柱形，其掺锗芯区直径在2mm～5mm之间；石英包层直径在40mm～60mm之间；应力区直径在10mm～20mm之间，通过对芯区直径、包层直径以及应力区直径的控制能够实现对超细径保偏光纤的模场 直径、截止波长以及串音与拍长等性能的控制。
对超细径保偏光纤包层直径的控制和超细径保偏光纤涂覆层直径的控制为同步实施过程，二者在相同时间段内分别实现对超细径保偏光纤包层直径和涂覆层直径的精确控制。
在光纤预制棒中芯棒的制作过程中，通过严格控制PCVD(Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition，等离子体化学气相沉积)沉积床的流量计开度以及沉积床的混合强压力来实现对超细径保偏光纤剖面结构的精确控制，具体为：氧流量计开度为40％～90％；氟流量计开度为20％～65％；四氯化硅流量计开度为1％～45％；四氯化锗流量计开度为1％～20％。
在步骤S2中，直径回控及速度自动调节主要是通过光纤拉丝塔中拉丝炉、送棒机构和主牵引轮组成的PID回控系统实现，超细径保偏光纤包层直径随拉丝炉的加热功率、送棒机构的送棒速度以及主牵引轮的转速这三个变量参数的改变而实现精确控制，具体为：拉丝炉的加热功率范围在30Kw～50Kw之间；送棒机构的送棒速度在0.3mm/min～1.5mm/min之间；主牵引轮的转速在100r/min～500 r/min之间。
在步骤S2中，采用涂覆层直径随涂料温度可控技术，即除了传统的采用模具孔径来控制涂覆层直径外，本发明还采用了改变涂料温度的方式，通过涂料温度与拉丝速度匹配技术实现对超细径保偏光纤涂覆层直径的精确控制，具体为：涂料温度为20℃～40℃之间；拉丝速度为100m/min～500m/min之间。
如图3所示，为超细径保偏光纤的拉制示意图，具体过程如下：
将光纤预制棒5固定于光纤拉丝塔上的送棒机构4，光纤预制棒5在拉丝炉6中于1800℃～2000℃下进行熔融拉丝，形成裸光纤14，裸光纤14经过裸光纤测井仪7进行实时监控，裸光纤14的直径随拉丝炉6的加热功率、送棒机构4的送棒速度以及主牵引轮15的转速这三个变量参数的改变而实现自动控制，裸光纤14的直径控制在60μm，形成超细径光纤，超细 径光纤通过固化装置10进行固化，经过换向轮12，在张力轮13提供的拉丝张力作用下，被拉制成超细径保偏光纤。
光纤拉丝塔上同样设有涂覆层控制系统8及涂覆装置9，通过建立涂料温度-粘度模型和涂料温度-拉丝速度模型来实现涂料温度与拉丝速度严格匹配，从而实现对超细径保偏光纤涂覆层直径的精确控制，超细径保偏光纤涂覆层直径通过光纤测井仪11进行实时监控，超细径保偏光纤涂覆层直径控制在100μm，最后，超细径保偏光纤由主牵引轮15牵引，由收丝系统1进行承绕。
如图4和图5所示，分别为超细径保偏光纤的包层直径和涂覆层直径的分布图。
下面通过三个具体实施例对本发明进行详细描述：
实施例1：
选择光纤预制棒直径为52.5mm，芯区直径为3.9mm，应力区直径为14.8mm的超细径保偏光纤预制棒，将其固定在送棒机构上，送棒速度为0.5mm/min,在1900℃左右的温度下进行熔融拉丝，拉丝炉加热功率为47Kw，主牵引轮的转速为150r/min,涂料温度为20℃，所制备的超细径保偏光纤包层直径为60μm，涂覆层直径为100μm；该光纤主要测试指标如表1所示。
表1 超细偏振保持光纤性能指标
指标 指标值
工作波长 850nm
截止波长(850nm) 730nm
模场直径(850nm) 4.4μm
拍长 1.2mm
全温串音 -30 dB@1km
全温损耗变化 0.1dB/km
实施例2：
选择光纤预制棒直径为54.5mm，芯区直径为4.2mm，应力区直径为14.8mm的超细径保偏光纤预制棒，将其固定在送棒机构上，送棒速度为0.4mm/min,在1900℃左右的温度下进行熔融拉丝，拉丝炉加热功率为49Kw，主牵引轮的转速为170r/min,涂料温度为22℃，所制备的超细径保偏光纤包层直径为60μm，涂覆层直径为100μm；该光纤主要测试指标如表2所示。
表2 超细偏振保持光纤性能指标
指标 指标值
工作波长 850nm
截止波长(850nm) 740nm
模场直径(850nm) 4.5μm
拍长 1.1mm
全温串音 -33 dB@1km
全温损耗变化 0.1dB/km
实施例3：
选择光纤预制棒直径为55.5mm，芯区直径为4.3mm，应力区直径为15.8mm的超细径保偏光纤预制棒，将其固定在送棒机构上，送棒速度为0.5mm/min,在1900℃左右的温度下进行熔融拉丝，拉丝炉加热功率为50Kw，主牵引轮的转速为220r/min,涂料温度为23℃，所制备的超细径保偏光纤包层直径为60μm，涂覆层直径为100μm；该光纤主要测试指标如表3所示。
表3 超细偏振保持光纤性能指标
指标 指标值
工作波长 850nm
截止波长(850nm) 760nm
模场直径(850nm) 4.7μm
拍长 1.0mm
全温串音 -36 dB@1km
全温损耗变化 0.09dB/km
本发明实现了包层直径为60μm，涂覆层直径为100μm的用于光纤陀螺 的超细径保偏光纤及其制造方法，在保证超细径保偏光纤的光学性能的情况下，进一步减小了包层直径和涂覆层直径，实现了光纤陀螺的小型化，同时，该超细径保偏光纤可在850nm的波长下进行工作。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：
1、实现了包层直径为60μm，涂覆层直径为100μm的用于光纤陀螺的超细径保偏光纤的制造，与现有的涂覆层直径为135μm的光纤相比，相同长度下光纤环的体积可减小45％，利于减小光纤陀螺的外形尺寸，实现光纤陀螺的微型化；
2、本发明是在传统的熊猫型保偏光纤的生产线上进行，无需增加额外的工艺设备，且在单位重量的光纤预制棒消耗上可生产出更长光纤，同时，涂覆层直径的减少使得单位长度内的消耗涂料更少，从而提高了光纤生产效率，降低了光纤材料成本。
3、通过本发明制造的超细径熊猫型保偏光纤，能够在850nm的波长下进行工作，从而能使后续的光纤陀螺匹配光源可选用850nm,进而降低了光纤陀螺元器件的成本，有利于市场推广。
本发明不局限于上述最佳实施方式，任何人在本发明的启示下作出的结构变化，凡是与本发明具有相同或相近的技术方案，均落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种用于光纤陀螺的超细径保偏光纤的制造方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    通过严格控制光纤预制棒工艺参数，制备出具有优良光学特性的光纤预制棒；
    在拉制过程中，采用直径回控及速度自动调节实现对超细径保偏光纤包层直径的精确控制，同时，采用涂覆层直径随涂料温度可控技术实现对超细径保偏光纤涂覆层直径的精确控制；
    所述超细径保偏光纤为熊猫型保险光纤，其工作波长为850nm，所述超细径保偏光纤包层直径为60μm，所述超细径保偏光纤涂覆层直径为100μm。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的用于光纤陀螺的超细径保偏光纤的制造方法，其特征在于，所述光纤预制棒为圆柱形，其掺锗芯区直径在2mm～5mm之间，石英包层直径在40mm～60mm之间，应力区直径在10mm～20mm之间，通过对所述掺锗芯区直径、石英包层直径以及应力区直径的控制实现对所述超细径保偏光纤的模场直径、截止波长以及串音与拍长的控制。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的用于光纤陀螺的超细径保偏光纤的制造方法，其特征在于，在所述光纤预制棒芯棒的制作过程中，通过严格控制PCVD沉积床的流量计开度以及沉积床的混合强压力实现对所述超细径保偏光纤剖面结构的精确控制。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的用于光纤陀螺的超细径保偏光纤的制造方法，其特征在于，氧流量计开度为40％～90％；氟流量计开度为20％～65％；四氯化硅流量计开度为1％～45％；四氯化锗流量计开度为1％～20％。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的用于光纤陀螺的超细径保偏光纤的制造方法，其特征在于，所述直径回控及速度自动调节主要是通过光纤拉丝塔中拉丝炉、送棒机构和主牵引轮组成的PID回控系统实现，所述超细径保偏光纤 包层直径随所述拉丝炉的加热功率、送棒机构的送棒速度以及主牵引轮的转速这三个变量参数的改变而实现精确控制。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的用于光纤陀螺的超细径保偏光纤的制造方法，其特征在于，所述拉丝炉的加热功率范围在30Kw～50Kw之间；所述送棒机构的送棒速度在0.3mm/min～1.5mm/min之间；所述主牵引轮的转速在100r/min～500r/min之间。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的用于光纤陀螺的超细径保偏光纤的制造方法，其特征在于，所述采用涂覆层直径随涂料温度可控技术即通过涂料温度与拉丝速度匹配技术实现对所述超细径保偏光纤涂覆层直径的精确控制。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的用于光纤陀螺的超细径保偏光纤的制造方法，其特征在于，涂料温度在20℃～40℃之间；拉丝速度在100m/min～500m/min之间。
  9. 一种用于光纤陀螺的超细径保偏光纤，其特征在于，包括超细径保偏光纤芯区、超细径保偏光纤包层和超细径保偏光纤应力区，所述超细径保偏光纤芯区位于所述超细径保偏光纤包层的中心，所述超细径保偏光纤应力区对称分布在所述超细径保偏光纤芯区两侧且位于所述超细径保偏光纤包层中，
    所述超细径保偏光纤为熊猫型保险光纤，其工作波长为850nm，所述超细径保偏光纤包层的直径为60μm，所述超细径保偏光纤的涂覆层直径为100μm。
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