WO2017196399A1 - Hologram pyramid - Google Patents

Abstract

A hologram pyramid device for providing an illusion of a three dimensional object that closely approximates a perceived holographic image. The device includes a square frustum defined by four substantially planar sides that extend longitudinally between orthogonal base edges and relatively wider orthogonal top edges, and that are interconnected at sharp, right angle corner edges, and have an acute frustum slope angle greater than 45 degrees. The sides have a specularly reflective outside surface, an inside, second surface that is configured to minimize specular internal reflection, and are partially transparent to light rays coming through the frustum. The device is adapted for use with a substantially horizontal display positioned adjacent and parallel to the frustum base end, wherein the display is configured to vertically project four two-dimensional images, each to a corresponding frustum side.

Description

HOLOGRAM PYRAMID

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of US Provisional Patent Applications No.

62/244,692 filed 10/21/2015; No. 62/335,681 filed 05/13/2016; and 62/375,875 filed

08/16/2016; said applications hereby incorporated in their entirety by reference herein.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This disclosure concerns improvements and new versions of what is commonly referenced as a "Hologram Pyramid" or other similar names. Note that strictly speaking, devices such as this don't actually create a hologram. A hologram refers to a thing created using a specific process and involves the "use of laser, interference, diffraction, light intensity recording and suitable illumination of the recording" [from Wikipedia]. The "hologram" image seen in a "pyramid" is really 4 side views, each using an illusion called "Pepper's Ghost", the result being something that is popularly known as a hologram due to its appearance as a ghostly floating image that changes as the viewer moves around it, thus seeming to be three dimensional. However, the effectiveness of this illusion is highly dependent upon the construction of the pyramid and the quality of the images being displayed for viewing.

Prior to the inventor's work, a typical device according to DIY (Do It Yourself) instructions found on the internet described taping together four pieces of plastic to make a truncated pyramid (i.e., a square frustum). A common form uses plastic cut from a CD case. As shown in Fig. 1, a display screen 902 on a device 900 such as a phone, tablet or monitor, is caused to display an animated (video) or static image 202 that consists of four views of the same object, placed at 4 sides of a square center measuring, for example, 1 cm (half inch) or more if a bigger screen. When the pyramid is inverted and placed in the square center, then when viewed from any side, the image below that side is projected onto the closest face (side panel) of the pyramid and reflects out to the viewer's eyes. Since the viewer knows that the pyramid is transparent, the eye is tricked into forgetting the image 202 below and will see it as if looking straight through to "see" a reflected image 200 that appears to be inside the pyramid, apparently suspended in air. Generally this is done in a darkened room without direct lighting on the pyramid, in which case the illusion is enhanced by simultaneously viewing the rest of the room (background) on the other side of the pyramid. Finally, when the viewer moves around to another side, the image is still there in the middle, therefor it appears somewhat like a 3 dimensional object, especially if that's what the viewer expects to see. This effect works best for a rotationally symmetric object, and second best if the 4 images are of 4 different sides of an object.

The inventor has determined that the typical (prior art) instances of this type of device didn't produce quality images, and typically not a realistic 3D effect. They didn't work correctly because of technical design inadequacies that significantly degrade the images so that they are blurred, limited in size, and have distracting parts that remind the viewer of the real world, and take them out of the 3D viewing mind-set that is so important in an illusion. Furthermore, there typically wasn't a clean transition between views of any 2 sides so most people never actually experienced anything more than a "floating" translucent screen reflection from each side of their pyramid.

Because important technical aspects have not been addressed in prior art devices, the less expensive pyramids (e.g., DIY, one-off constructions using easily available materials), are unattractive and limited to generally low quality imaging. There have been some attempts in the prior art at commercial production, but while appearance of the device is improved, the imaging quality is only marginally better and not considered worth added expense.

Therefor an objective of the inventor's effort is to create improved "hologram pyramid" device(s) and method(s) for holographic image simulation that overcome the prior art deficiencies to produce a premium quality 3D illusion that closely approximates a perceived holographic image. A further objective is to develop new versions of the device to provide new and interesting holographic imaging effects and applications.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the invention, a hologram pyramid device for providing to an observer thereof an illusion of a three dimensional object that closely approximates a perceived holographic image, the hologram pyramid device being characterized by: a square frustum defined by four sides extending longitudinally between orthogonal base edges and relatively wider orthogonal top edges; wherein the sides are substantially flat and are interconnected at sharp, right angle corner edges, and the frustum slope at the base end is an acute angle greater than 45 degrees; and wherein the sides have a specularly reflective outside surface, and are partially transparent to light rays coming through the frustum toward the observer. The device is adapted for use with a substantially horizontal display screen positioned adjacent and parallel to the frustum base end, configured to vertically project four two-dimensional images, each image being displayed within a corresponding frame-delimited portion of the display screen, the frames being arranged orthogonally around a central square area that defines a placement position for the frustum base, such that the frame dimensions correspond to vertical projections of the top, corner and base edges of the sides; and wherein the sides have an inside, second surface that is configured to substantially eliminate a second surface reflected image that blurs the edges of the first surface reflected image.

In general, the priority documents disclosed a flat sheet of thin semi-rigid clear plastic sheet material 100 that is cut to a shape and has crease lines 108 for assembly, e.g., as in Figs. 5A-5B. This may be shipped flat. Subsequent folding along the crease lines 108 brings together the two open corner edges 108a and 108b to form a square frustum shape

("pyramid"). The plastic sheet will hold its shape even if the open edges are not attached. Even better if a base 120 holds the square shape at the bottom edge 104. As shown in Fig. 1, the pyramid 100 is typically used inverted and placed on a display screen 902, so the

"bottom" is the narrow width (Wb) end of the frustum.

Outline of the disclosure(s):

• presents theory of operation, then inventive criteria for an optimum image 200.

• a single flat sheet of thin semi-rigid clear (transparent, not pure reflector) plastic sheet material that is cut to a shape and has crease lines e.g., as in Figs. 5A-5C. This is shipped flat.

• Preferred characteristics include example materials and dimensions including smaller base edge 104 dimension Wb, thin to eliminate double reflection blur.

• Surface treatments 115, 117 may be used to enhance reflection off of the outside

surface 112 of the pyramid side panels 106 and/or to reduce reflection from back surfaces 114 (see Figs. 4A-4B).

• Fig. 1 shows the pyramid 100 after assembly, in place on a display screen 902 of a display device 900, e.g., a smart phone.

• Assembly comprises folding along crease lines 108 to bring together two open corner edges 108a and 108b. A preferred plastic material will hold its shape even if the open edges are not attached together.

• precise 90 deg corner angles Ac (Fig. 3)

• Increasing from prior art 45 degree angle of elevation Ae to 60 degrees is used to expand viewing area and may provide other benefits as well (see Figs. 3 and 4D-4E).

• fastened edges 108a and 108b of open corner 108a, 108b may be enough for pyramid use without a base, but preferably use an unobtrusive fastening method with tiny interlocking fingers or tabs 118 (Figs. 5). • Preferably a base 120 holds the square shape at the bottom 104, and adds weight, plus has a flat bottom 125 to stay in place, even with a higher top edge and a smaller base

• Surface treatment 130 applied on bottom surface 125 of base 120 helps hold pyramid in position on the screen 902. May use static cling film 130a (Fig. 9A), or

alternatively may use a cushioned tape or pad 130b on base bottom 125, optimally having a "micro suction cup" tape surface profile (Fig. 9B).

• Less expensive version applies the base surface treatment 130 on a folded-over tab 126 at bottom of one or more panels 106 (Figs. 12B-13).

• An image creation template 800 (Fig. 8A) is provided to enable creation of images 202 (e.g., Fig. 8B) that will result in the best "holographic" view 200. The template provides frame outlines 802 that define the limits of image size and optimum placement laterally centered on each side of the base area 804.

• An alignment tool 810 (Figs. 8C-8D) is provided to enable optimum placement of the pyramid in exact center of images 202 (i.e., within and aligned with the boundaries of the base area 804 in the template 800, thus producing the best 3D effect. The tool 810 may be customized to show a logo for brand identity and/or IP protection for the producer of the images 202. The tool may be toggled on/off to appear in center of the images until alignment is completed.

Other novel improved/enhanced or new types of pyramids include:

• large scale pyramids for very large display screens 902. These may use a heavy metal base or a surrounding support structure (e.g., tubular). See Figs. 10-12B.

• A unique shot glass pyramid (drinkware pyramid). See Figs. 14A-16.

• A mask 210 to enable using a simple light box for a display (Fig. 2)

• A louvered filter 300 (Figs. 17-18) allows undistracted viewing in challenging

environments, and enables the display device 900 to be built into a table or bar top/counter.

Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent in light of the following description thereof.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Reference will be made in detail to preferred embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawing figures. The figures are intended to be illustrative, not limiting. Although the invention is generally described in the context of these preferred embodiments, it should be understood that it is not intended to limit the spirit and scope of the invention to these particular embodiments.

Certain elements in selected ones of the drawings may be illustrated not-to-scale, for illustrative clarity. The cross-sectional views, if any, presented herein may be in the form of "slices", or "near-sighted" cross-sectional views, omitting certain background lines which would otherwise be visible in a true cross-sectional view, for illustrative clarity.

Elements of the figures can be numbered such that similar (including identical) elements may be referred to with similar numbers in a single drawing. For example, each of a plurality of elements collectively referred to as 199 may be referred to individually as 199a, 199b, 199c, etc. Or, related but modified elements may have the same number but are distinguished by primes. For example, 109, 109', and 109" are three different versions of an element 109 which are similar or related in some way but are separately referenced for the purpose of describing modifications to the parent element (109). Such relationships, if any, between similar elements in the same or different figures will become apparent throughout the specification, including, if applicable, in the claims and abstract.

The structure, operation, and advantages of the present preferred embodiment of the invention will become further apparent upon consideration of the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a hologram pyramid in use on a suitably configured display device.

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a mask for image creation on a light box, according to the invention.

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a hologram pyramid with labels to identify component elements.

Figs. 4A-4E are schematic side views of a pyramid panel using ray tracing to illustrate a description of relevant theory.

Figs. 5A-5B are plan views of unassembled hologram pyramids, according to the invention.

Fig. 5C is a magnified view of interlocking finger embodiments, according to the invention.

Figs. 6A-6C are perspective views of component parts of pyramid base assemblies, according to the invention.

Figs. 7A-7C are side sectional views illustrating assembly of base components with a hologram pyramid, according to the invention. Figs. 8A-8D are plan views of an image creation template, an example image, an alignment tool, and the tool included in an image display, respectively, according to the invention.

Figs. 9A-9B are perspective and plan views of base surface treatments, according to the invention.

Fig. 10 is a perspective view of a large scale pyramid in use on a large display screen, according to the invention.

Figs. 11 A-l IB are plan views of top and bottom plates of a pyramid support structure, according to the invention.

Figs. 12A-12B are side sectional views of a pyramid support structure assembled with a large scale hologram pyramid, according to the invention.

Fig. 13 is a plan view of the unassembled hologram pyramid of Fig. 12B, according to the invention.

Figs. 14A-14C are top and side views of a base component and a panel component of a drinkware hologram pyramid that is for assembly, according to the invention.

Figs. 14E-14F are a top view and a side sectional view, respectively of a drinkware hologram pyramid assembled from the component parts of Figs. 14A-14C.

Figs. 15-16 are perspective views of molded drinkware hologram pyramids without and with, respectively, an added stabilizing base, according to the invention.

Fig. 17 is a perspective view of a louvered filter on a display, according to the invention.

Fig. 18 is a side sectional view (section shading omitted for clarity) of the louvered filter of Fig. 17 in use with a portion of a pyramid side panel and showing ray traces to illustrate beneficial effects, according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The following table is a glossary of terms and definitions, particularly listing drawing reference numbers or symbols and associated names of elements, features and aspects of the invention(s) disclosed herein.

106 panel forming one of four sides of the pyramid 100, primarily used as a reflector of the projected image 202. When the pyramid is fully formed (generally by assembly of a cut sheet), the panels are interconnected along the full length of their side edges 108 forming 90 degree corner angles Ac.

(Note: in some of the provisional applications the name "lens" was used in reference to this reflecting side wall/panel 106). Since "lens" may be misleading (suggesting transmission and/or refraction rather than reflecting) the present specification has replaced "lens" with "panel" or "side". If a "lens" reference is found, it should be understood as an unintentional error and should be replaced accordingly.)

108 corner edges of a panel 106 (108a and 108b = two sides of open corner edge)

109 top corner

111 bottom corner

112 first surface of panel 106 (outside, produces primary reflection 200)

114 second surface of panel 106 (back/inside, produces secondary reflection 204

115 first surface treatment/coating to change transmission/reflection/etc. at that surface, (e.g., print coating, dielectric, antireflective, metallic reflector, frosting...)

117 second surface treatment/coating to change transmission/reflection/etc. at that surface.

118 barb or hook-like interlocking tabs along open edges 108a and 108b

xi, yi barb root locations on first open edge 108a

x2, y2 corresponding barb root locations on interlocking second open edge 108b

Wt, Lt width and length of interlocking tab 118

120 base for attaching to base edge 104 of pyramid. ("Magic Base") May be in two

generally rigid nesting parts: outside 120a and inside 120b that clamp the panels 106 between them. Alternatively may use a compressible ring 120c (e.g., foam rubber) as the inside part which jam fits into the groove 123 of 120a.

122 nesting boss of 120b, for close-fitting assembly in the recess 124

123 groove in outside base part 120a

124 nesting recess in outside base part 120a

BD approximate width of boss 122 and recess 124

125 bottom of the base 120

126 bendable tab on base edge 104 of pyramid panel 106

127 plug functioning like the inside nesting part 120b of base 120

300 directional filter, e.g., louvered 302 bottom plate (transparent) of 300

304 top plate (transparent) of 300, optional part of filter may be replaced by a transparent part of another structure, like a glass window through a table or bar top.

306 louver (vertical baffle) for light blocking, e.g., one of a plurality of vertical opaque walls in parallel rows.

800 Template for preparing a composite hologram display image 202. Shows boundary lines of four frames that delimit usable image areas, the frames being arranged orthogonally under the four overhanging sides 106 of the pyramid 100.

802 Frame = delimited portion of the display screen area that will lie directly under an overhanging side panel 106.

804 center base area (center square of the template 800), which is unusable because it will lie within the perimeter of the pyramid base edges 104 or base 120. Preferably the base area is made bigger than the base width Wb to ensure that the bottom of an image in the frame 802 is not too close to the pyramid base to be effectively viewable. The boundary lines of the center area 804 define the inner limit of the frames 802 and the width of the area 804 establishes a frame width Wf.

806 template perimeter = outer limit of frames. Each side of it will generally be equal to or less than the width Wp of the top panel edges 102. Also, the distance between the perimeter 806 and the center area 804 establishes a frame height Hf.

810 alignment tool (pattern for display while aligning pyramid placement)

812 edge lines of pattern

814 center of tool pattern. May be used to display an identifying mark (e.g., a logo)

900 Display Device: any device that can project light vertically a relatively short distance, where the projection has a 2D form of an "image" 202. Preferably the device is conveniently available to the user, and will project a pre-formed static or video image that it receives and/or stores. For use with a hologram pyramid device, the image generally comprises four views of an object arranged orthogonally under the four overhanging sides 106 of the pyramid. The template 800 enables optimum

positioning of the four views, each one in a delimited portion (frame 802) of the display screen.

- Suitable display device examples range from a simple light box (covered by inventive mask 210 with cutout negative image areas 212), to cell phones, tablets, and computer monitor or TV screens (laid horizontally). 902 Display of the device 900. Generally a screen that shows (projects) the displayed image 202.

Ac corner angle (measured in horizontal plane)

Ae angle of elevation, frustum slope angle

H Height of pyramid (bottom of base 120 or base edge 104 to top edge 102)

Ld Length of display screen

Wd Width of display screen

Wb width of a side panel at the pyramid base edge 104

Wbi pyramid base inside width (less than Wb due to panel thickness t)

Wp width of a side panel at the pyramid top edge 102

Wf width of frame 802 (at least equal to Wb, but preferably greater)

Hf height of frame 802 (maximum determined by overhang of panel 106)

t thickness of side panel 106

Di Image height

The invention(s) will now be described with reference to the drawings using the reference numbers and symbols listed in the above table.

As noted above, even the best image is not really a hologram or 3D, but when this is done correctly the illusion is strong enough that the image appears to be 3D and most people would commonly conclude that it is a hologram.

The inventive device will generally be referred to as a "hologram pyramid device" (or simply a "hologram pyramid" or just the word pyramid when used in clear context). This is a tech gizmo that allows you to view and create images from your phone that appear to float above it with the illusion of a 3D holographic image. You will quickly find yourself amazed and losing hours staring at and sharing this simple marvel of sci-fi reality. Graphic arts and science students can use it to bring their 3D models to life and kids can doze off to the perfect animated night light (you know you have an old phone in the junk drawer just for this). The older kids (at the office) can create company logos or demos to use as giveaways at the next trade show or sales meeting, teachers can add a fun and educational project to the curriculum, and many more exciting uses. For example; Halloween is coming up, how about amazing the trick-or-treaters with a holographic jack-o'-lantern or skull in your front porch display?

Example Hologram Pyramid

Figs. 1 and 3 exemplify a hologram pyramid as referenced herein. The figures are referenced in the background but they provide a conceptual framework for discussing the presently disclosed improvements and novel variations. The display device 900 is generally not inventive, but images 202 presented on it may be if made according to this disclosure or made using the inventive tools 800, 810 (Figs. 8A-8D).

Figs. 5A-5C show a preferred method for structuring a pyramid 100 that may be assembled from a single pre-cut sheet of material.

Key Insights that Directed the Invention Process

Criteria To Guide Design (hologram pyramid design method)

The inventor deduced that the best 3D illusion simulating a 3D hologram comes from the viewer moving around the pyramid and having the view meet the following criteria. The view should:

(a) gradually change in a

(b) clean transition between

(c) two side views that are properly aligned, and especially if

(d) separately viewable by separate eyes as the viewer moves around the corner.

Reasoning Behind These Criteria

To understand the reasoning behind these criteria, consider the following example. When the viewer is looking straight ahead at a corner, if a right side image is clearly visible and a left side image is also clearly visible, and they are aligned in all vertical dimensions, then the viewer's right eye can focus on the right side image at the same time that the left eye focuses on the left side image, then the mind will think of this as a view of a single image, and furthermore will see apparent depth (the third dimension) because the brain determines distance partly by comparing the left-right angle of each eye's line of sight when they are both focused on the "same" point in space. Thus when an object is in focus while the lines of sight are relatively parallel, then the mind concludes that the focus point on the object is far away; and conversely if the eyes are practically "cross-eyed" then the object "must be" very close. As the eyes scan the object to focus away from the center, a flat perpendicular surface will cause very little change in relative sight angles, but a surface that curves away, for example, will require making the sight lines more parallel. When scanning to the right on the two side images, the left image is getting physically closer to the left eye at the same time that the right image is getting farther away. The brain calculates that the right side of the single object in view is farther away than the middle of it.

Therefor, to fool the eyes into "seeing" depth that isn't there, there must be nothing that distracts the brain away from thinking that both eyes are viewing the same single object, when in reality they are simultaneously viewing two separate side images. This creates the full 3D illusion that makes the viewer think he's seeing a 3D object, and furthermore since the apparently 3D object is translucent and floating, then it "must be" a holographic image.

Physics of Operation

The four criteria above address the prior art deficiencies that stand in the way of obtaining a high quality holographic image effect. Before describing the improvements invented to meet the criteria, we need to consider the physics behind operation of an angled reflector such as the side panels 106. It should be noted that part of the present inventive process involved determining which physical principals needed to be considered in order to solve the problems seen in the prior art. For example, I determined that blurring of the reflected image was a major source of the problems, then I determined that the blur was due to an offset ghost image (given that the outside surface was made to be a partial specular reflector). That led to consideration of primary and secondary reflections, and the variables that affect the amount of blurring.

Figs. 4A-4E illustrate the physics, including the effect of secondary reflection yielding double blur of magnitude DB that increases as panel thickness increases (Fig. 4B). Fig. 4C shows decreased blur DB" resulting from increasing the index of refraction, which may be accomplished by using certain plastic materials in place of glass.

Inventive Improvements to Meet the Criteria

Criteria (a & b): gradually change in a clean transition

Use folded construction as in Figs. 5A-5C:

- made from thin plastic preferably about 10 - 20 mil (0.010 - 0.020 inches). Optimum thickness "t" may be 0.015" (0.38 mm). This range of thicknesses provides a good balance between blurring from thicker material and flimsiness when too thin.

- junction at corners must not have anything like tape or messy adhesive that brings the corner to attention of viewer. Sharp bend is best for this reason, but open corner edges 108a, 108b must be held together in some way for example using interlocking fingers of a minimal size to be unobtrusive.

- corners 108 are sharp bends, not gradual curves, but not so sharp as to be obvious line.

- panel sides 106 are planar/flat, so plastic must be sufficiently rigid to hold shape. Preferred embodiment uses clear polyester film/sheet material. Example is "Duralar(TM)" Oriented PET (a.k.a. PETG). Beneficial characteristics of this material include: dimensional stability, lay-flat, consistent color, clarity, non-yellowing, non-tearing, heat resistance. Other possibilities considered: PVC, vinyl, polyurethane, acetate, and the like, but this was the best performance for price.

Added a base 120 (see Figs. 6A-7C) to help hold flat shape and sharp corners of panels 106. Potentially used to hold the two open corner edges 108a, 108b together without, or with a minimum, of adhesive. (A very fine bead of transparent adhesive could be run down the inside of the corner formed by holding edges together.)

Outside/first surface 112 of panel 106 may be made more reflective, such as by using plastic sheet material that has a surface treatment coating 115 on the transparent polyester sheet surface. This boosts the first surface 112 reflectivity relative to the second surface 114, and also reduces transparency to provide a darker background 206 superimposed on the reflected image 200. Increased reflectivity means less light transmitted to the second surface for secondary reflection 204 that produces double blur.

criterion (c) sequential side views that are properly aligned

- pyramid shape - held by base, large pyramid superstructure

- alignment tool and base treatments 130

- template

- specification for display program graphic design (template 800), but pyramid must be precisely formed so that the angle of elevation Ae is the same for each side.

- pyramid should stay vertical and centered. I added a base 120 to accomplish this (adds weight and precise shape for the bottom edge 104 of pyramid that sits on display 902.

criterion (d) sequential images are separately viewable by separate eyes as the viewer moves around the corner.

- mostly handled by features described above.

- precise 90 degree corner angle Ac.

- steeper elevation angle Ae. I made this about 60 degrees, versus the typical prior art 45 degree angle. This opens up the viewing area, allowing a greater height H for a given panel top width Wp, thereby making it easier to view without visible interference from the top corner as the line of sight moves around the corner.

Optimizing The Image View (Improved Image, Minimize Blur)

Much of the above design improvement also helps by optimizing the image view. For example, my thin film replaces the much thicker plastic CD case material of prior art. With a dark background, the image is reflected off both the front and the back surfaces of the panel. The two reflections are relatively displaced in proportion to the material thickness, producing a "double image" blurring effect, that is essentially eliminated by my use of a thin plastic panel.

The 3D effect is deteriorated if the top edge of pyramid is in view, or attention is drawn to it by, for example, a top covering or frame. Referring to Figs. 4C versus 4D I help avoid this by increasing the elevation angle Ae from the typical 45 degree angle (Fig. 4C) to about 60 degrees (Fig. 4D). Not only does this enable a larger viewing area between base edge 104 and top edge 102 (height H60 is greater than H45) for the same display width Wd which limits the top panel width Wp, but also this effectively enlarges the reflected image

200 vertically (Hi' greater than image height Πι due to geometry) Furthermore, due to the laws of specular reflection, the image 200 is reflected somewhat upward instead of straight out horizontally. All of these results make it more comfortable, less restricting, to view the image.

General

In general, I note that optimum holographic viewing requires a well-formed set of four images 202. For that reason I developed a template 800 (Figs. 8A-8B).

Fig. 1 shows an example of use. Each face/side/panel 106 of the pyramid 100 displays a reflected image 200 that may be a static picture or a moving video resulting from the display 902 projecting an image 202 from a portion of the display that I will call a frame 802 (see template 800 in Fig. 8A). The frame size is a proportionate ratio that is derived from standard aspect ratios. The center square 804 has side widths Wf determined by the panel bottom 104 width Wb, and this determines the frame size, e.g. a smaller center square 804 makes a smaller frame width Wf, which is pulled into the center, which translates to a larger maximum frame height Hf for a given display screen width Wd.

The limitation on maximum frame height Hf is based on (display screen width Wd - center square width Wb)/2 (assuming that the pyramid side panel 106 overhangs the entire screen width, i.e., pyramid top edge width Wp is greater than or equal to the display width Wd). This provides a basis for calculation of the center square 804 to optimize the pyramid's useable area and keep in check with standard format ratio of pictures/video images 202. In other words, an image 202 can have any height to width ratio that fits within the frame's ratio of Hf/Wf. Thus images 202 having an image height Ih that is less than the frame height Hf will be visible if it moves up and down within the frame 802. I have calculated what I believe to be an optimal frame size that has a smaller base width Wb than the prior art. I overcompensated to reduce the center base 804 size in order to accommodate larger video design concepts. My pyramid will not lose any viewable area and it will gain bottom area that will simply move the apparent (reflected) image 200 down on the face of the pyramid sides when viewing the videos/images 202.

As for the design of the DIY pyramid's angle of elevation Ae (frustum slope), I started with the frame height Hf that was maximized as detailed above. Prior art has a 45 degree angle Ae which makes the face of the pyramid wide yet the extra width, particularly at the top is essentially unusable. Additionally this adds pyramid bulk that obstructs the corner view and reduces the 3D perception ability. I designed my angle to balance the maximum frame size and minimize the bulk, so my result is a much easier size to view from the corners and glimpse the 2 faces at once which results in a mind's eye translation that causes the two 2D frames to create a 3D perception. I also believe that my larger pyramid side angle Ae opens up the user's effective viewing angle in the lateral plane as well as making it much easier to view without having to place the phone and pyramid exactly at eye level to see it.

Regarding videos: the video maker is not entirely bound by standard frame ratios. He can easily access the entire screen and make full use of the entire pyramid face if desired. He also has greater ability to change the bottom frame access and overlap or share that space between faces. I have created simple to use "tools" that anyone can use to create these videos. That is my limiting basis in design vs. usability. For example, see the template 800 and alignment tool 820 described with reference to Figs. 8A-8D.

Alignment Tool

Additionally, a really big advancement that I came up with is our Logo Alignment Tool 810. It is an easy and accurate way to align the pyramid to the screen so that it is centered among the four side images and each face being perpendicular to the image center axis.

Fig. 8C shows a magnified view of the logo alignment tool 810, which includes a center area 814 (in which a vendor's logo may be displayed) surrounded by concentric square box lines 812, preferably enhanced with circle edges that mark the center of each side. Fig. 8D shows an example of the tool 810 shown in the middle of four images 202, as it would be displayed on a screen ready to position a pyramid device 100 in the center. Since the images 202 should be contained within the boundary lines of the template 800, the square box lines 812 of the tool are sized and positioned such that they are contained within the center area 804 of the template (or around it, depending upon the base size assumed for the template). The tool image may be toggled on/off without changing the four side images 202 (e.g., by tapping the screen). It would be off (as in Fig. 8B) while the video plays or while the hologram is being viewed. To align, simply place the pyramid 100 on the Logo Alignment Tool 810 image on the display screen 902, and then look at a corner of the pyramid down near the base. Then move the pyramid until the reflected lines (seen on the panels above the base) line up across any 2 sides. If a side 106 is not parallel to a tool line 812, then the reflection will appear to be vertically tilted such that it will not meet the reflected line on the other side of the corner. This can happen if the pyramid is rotated, or if it is distorted out of square (in which case one side would align but not both). If the two sides are parallel but off- center, then the two sides show a different number of parallel reflected lines.

This method is an extremely quick and precise aid to help the user see a quality 3D effect. (Misalignment kills the effect.)The prior art alignment methods (if available) were very bad, for example displaying an X on the screen. The four base corners would have to be positioned over the arms of the X which means that the user must look around all sides while both rotating and translating the pyramid to make sure all four corners were simultaneously on lines. If the pyramid was distorted out of square (e.g., diamond shaped) then it could appear to be aligned but the 3D effect would be distorted or lost due to non-square corners.

More Description

Requirements may be listed as:

1. The apparent hologram 200 is transparent enough to show background/ambient objects that are behind the pyramid (thus the pyramid is at least partly transparent to light rays coming from the background).

2. There are 4 images, preferably recorded or created with 4 separate views each corresponding to the 4 sides of the object to be displayed.

3. The Pyramid (square frustum) is correctly designed and positioned to seamlessly depict multiple views of the image from multiple viewing angles.

4. The outside surface of the Pyramid is the major reflective surface.

Now that I have established the criteria required to trick your mind's eye into thinking that you are seeing a 3 dimensional object floating above your phone, let's address some common issues found in the prior art DIY projects or other available "hologram pyramids".

First, the type of material that is used must not be a thick plastic (or else other treatments are needed as described hereinbelow) or you may get a reflection off of the outside surface and a second reflection off of the inside surface which will cause a double blur (two overlapping images, one offset from other enough to be noticeable) as described with reference to Figs. 4A-4B.

Most "other" pyramids use a CD case or acrylic/Plexiglas that is so thick that it causes a double image blur that distorts the image and colors.

My hologram pyramid device uses a specially coated engineered polymer that produces the best detailed image without double blur issues.

Next, the material used must be at least partly transparent. Using a black glass or full mirror can certainly produce a crystal clear image, however, it is only an exact reflection of the image on your phone/display screen. This defeats the illusion entirely and will not trick your mind into thinking that you are looking at a Holographic image, just a solid reflection of your phone. Without transparency the eye popping 3D holographic illusion is lost and all you have is a fancy pyramid shaped mirror.

My hologram pyramid device provides sharp vibrant images that are transparent in order to intensify the "holographic" illusion.

Finally, many of the videos available online are only touching on the illusion by simply displaying 4 identical images on 4 sides. This will provide some degree of the effect when you view the corners and catch a glimpse of 2 sides of a properly aligned image that can be perceived to be 3 dimensional, however, I have found flaws in other's angle and or alignment that cause the 2 sides to jump or be misaligned and also ruin the illusion.

In an example prior art pyramid a butterfly image seems to have three wings, and the image is drastically obstructed by a corner support bar. This design completely defeats the illusion and there is no chance for your mental vision to perceive this in 3D.

My hologram pyramid device was carefully designed with the correct angles and the corners are extremely thin to minimize any visual obstruction. I have perfected and produced a very simple design that provides eye-popping, crisp, crystal clear images that will appear to be 3D with a holographic effect, like never before seen with prior art pyramids including DIY CD case constructions, acrylic, black glass or mirror versions.

With my hologram pyramid device I have satisfied all of the criteria needed to produce the full illusion. You may not even realize what you have been missing until you have viewed my hologram pyramid device. Viewing from the corners is the key. When you view the hologram pyramid device from a corner, each eye will focus on each side causing your right eye to see the right side image and the left eye to see the left side image; and if they are aligned correctly the image will pop into 3D from your stereoscopic vision and mental perception! You are now able to see Pepper's Ghost images that look and feel like an actual 3D hologram that is freely floating in space above your phone or other display.

An important note: Video of my hologram pyramid device is not able to convey the illusion since the video screen is only providing you a 2 dimensional image. In order for your mind to switch into 3D perception it is necessary for you to physically view the hologram pyramid device in person. Your stereoscopic vision (meaning that you have 2 eyes spaced apart and your brain automatically calculates depth perception which allows you to see in 3 dimensions) can be fooled into believing there is depth and dimension when each eye is presented a separate image that corresponds to 2 sides of an object. By displaying these images on correctly angled reflective surfaces and viewing them from a corner you can be led to believe that two 2D images equal one 3D object. Adding the transparent factor to the images further reinforces the perception of a 3D hologram because you seem to be seeing through the image to background objects that are behind the pyramid.

Some improvements and additions to the basic design will now be described.

Fastened Corner Edges

We experimented with a lot of different concepts for closing the open corner edges 108a and 108b of the pyramid. For example, Figs. 5B-5C show different patterns that interlock or latch with tabs or hooks or fingers 118. Other concepts include rubber bands, or an o ring that snaps into the bottom to hold it together.

Interlocking Tabs

Figs. 5B-5C show two embodiments of this: a keystone/lightning bolt shape, and a square finger tab that uses friction to hold it together.

Although several are drawn, I think a single large finger 'tab' will fit in between 2 smaller 'tabs' (or a large slot depending on how you look at it), may be the best solution. Many fingers may be problematic to connect because they are so small.

In my testing the assembly could be held by one side and vigorously shaken but still retained its connection and desired overall shape.

Accurate cutting according to Fig. 5B produced a perfect looking corner with barely perceptible interlock points holding the two edges together along a straight line.

To accommodate certain cutting machines, we can make a tab 118 such as shown in Fig. 5C where the base is rounded.

Static Cling "Magic Base" The idea is- using a small square of window cling film 130a or some similar static cling material to allow attraction (stick without adhesive) to the phone/tablet screen 902.. This square of cling film 130a is preferably applied to the bottom 125 of the base 120, or in a lower cost version it is applied to a tab 126 that extends from a bottom edge 104 of the pyramid (see Fig. 13). This tab 126 can be bent under to act as a base.

Square - Micro Suction Tape

The previously disclosed " Base", i.e., base 120 added to the bottom of the pyramid, provides weight and rigidity for holding the pyramid's shape and helping to keep the pyramid in position for optimal use. Then adding the static cling material 130a as a ' square' film 130 to the bottom of the Base 120 further improved usability by somewhat securing the pyramid to the phone or tablet without messy adhesives. This greatly improved the user experience particularly when audio was playing on the phone or tablet since the vibrations of the device's speaker are prone to vibrating the pyramid thus moving it around and causing distorted images and annoying repositioning of the pyramid. Additionally any user movements of the phone or tablet could cause the pyramid to move or even fall off of the device completely.

Although the static cling material 130a was an improvement, as users began to position the pyramid it became increasingly obvious that the static cling material required constant maintenance to keep it and the phone/tablet screen clean and free of dirt, smudges and oils or the cling effect quickly diminished. To solve this issue we further improved the concept by changing the square film 130 from static cling material 130a to a micro suction tape 130b available from Sewell, part number SW-30518. Referring to Fig. 9B, this tape is comprised of a thin sponge like rubbery foam that has its surface covered in tiny concave circles that act like suction cups. The micro suction tape 130b proved to stick much better with very little need for maintenance. Fig. 9 A depicts the micro suction tape applied to the bottom 125 of the base 120 of a pyramid. There may be a protective film that is present for shipping from the factory, and which can be peeled off to expose the suction cup like bottom surface. This protective film is to be completely removed and discarded before initial use. Over time, if necessary, the micro suction tape can be wiped clean with a damp cloth to restore its sticking ability to like-new condition. Optionally, the film 130 may be a sheet of cushioning material like foam rubber without the suction cup feature of the tape 130b.

Large Scale Pyramids

We experimented with numerous sizes of pyramids intended to be used with much larger screens from iPad Pro 12.9" to laptops, desktop monitors and much larger televisions. Many improvements in the design and construction were identified such as the need to utilize the thinnest possible material for the panels 106. 10 depicts our version of a pyramid made big enough to display large images on a large screen 902, e.g., using a 55" television as our display device 900. Although it is possible to make each of the 4 sides 106 of the pyramid individually, we utilized many types of adhesives to fasten individual panels 106 together with limited degrees of temporary success. It has been found through my testing that a creased and folded, one piece design such as what we use for the smaller phone and tablet designs, tends to be more rigid, reliable and easier to work with, however; a 2 piece or even 4 piece (i.e., 4 separate panels 106, one for each side) can be used. (Edges can be glued, ultrasonic welded, fastened with locking mechanisms such as our teachings on the 'keystone lock', 'lightning lock' and other such connections). I found that the optimal material for this size pyramid was .060" thick PETG, however some sagging and swaying, particularly at the top spans 102 of the panel 106 (see Fig. 10) was still seen as a cause of decreased hologram quality. It became clear that off the shelf material could be used; however, the thicker the material was then the greater the degree of 'double blur' issues and poor quality images.

Our best solution was to compensate for the thicker material by using specially coated materials that provided anti-glare, anti reflective, and specifically reflective coatings to manipulate the way the images are created. In one embodiment, we used a dielectric reflective coating 115 on the first surface 112 (outside) with a 40% reflection and 60% transmission; plus a non-internal-reflective coating* 117 on the second surface 114 (inside the pyramid), resulting in a highly visible image even in bright daylight and yet the image had the distinctive 'holographic' transparency that allowed the viewer to see through the reflected image 200.

*The coating on the second surface 114 is tailored to minimize internal reflection of light by maximizing transmission out of the second surface into the air on the far side of the panel 106.

Referring to Figs. 6, an aluminum base 120 was fashioned to capture and retain the bottom edge 104 of the panel 106 on all four sides utilizing a foam ring 120c to create a gripping pressure between a channel 123 cut in the base and the panel 106 as can be seen in Fig. 10. The bottom 125 of the anodized aluminum base, was then coated with a thin sheet of foam rubber material 130 to provide a soft cushion that prevents damage to the TV screen.

Fully assembled and working models can be seen in Fig. 10 utilizing a 55" television as a video source. The advantage of the thin material provides a sharp, crisp, clear image and the lack of a top or edges allows for optimal viewing without visual distractions and thus provide the best possible criteria for creating the 3D "holographic" illusion as taught in our original provisional application No. 62/244,692 dated October 21, 2015. The use of the aluminum base with the foam grip channels proves to be a stable and securing design that helps hold the shape as well as provide a good weight to cause a low center of gravity and a very stable unit overall.

Tube Style Pyramid (Figs. 11 A- 13)

It was determined from my efforts on the large scale versions that a key to producing the best possible image quality was to utilize the thinnest possible material for the panel 106 (with or without special coatings). This proves problematic due to the desire to reduce visual distractions and therefore not add any reinforcements to the upper edge of the pyramid to counteract a tendency to sag under its own weight (e.g., see Fig. 10). The search for a solution was then focused on devising a clear structure that could provide fastening locations that would allow the panel 106 to be made thinner and stretched taunt for optimal function with minimal visual distraction.

I devised a prototype that met these criteria by utilizing a clear round tube , either solid, or as in Figs. 3A-3K a single clear sheet inserted into a thin round channel cut into a clear top and bottom plate. The panel 106 shown in Figs. 3C and 3D can be fashioned with small tabs added to the edges, these tabs are then attached to the top and bottom plates in a manner that causes the faces of the panel 106 to be tight and flat as can be as seen in Figs. 31 and 3J. This method of construction and this design produces exceptionally superior image quality as can be seen in Fig. 3K.

This surrounding tube design allows for an inverted pyramid configuration where the widest opening of the pyramid is positioned downward on the table and the tablet or video monitor (display) is placed on the top facing downward, and the tube cylinder provides stable support for the relatively heavy display. Although this configuration is different in the final illusion produced, it is found to be a beneficial configuration in some applications such as for use to overlay the illusion of a 'holographic' image over an object placed inside the pyramid.

The tube design can also be used in the normal configuration with the image/video source emitting upward from the tabletop. The top plate can be made very thin and the round groove cut into it can be polished to reduce its appearance and visual distraction. The overall function and image quality produced is much improved over other such devices that utilize supports and/or corner posts to hold up the top plate. Posts are an obvious visual distraction which is eliminated by our clear tube design. An antiglare coating can be applied to surface(s) of the tube to further enhance final image quality.

Shot Glass (Drinkware) Pyramid

Further experimentation with glass led me to create a crude cylindrical cone, capable of being liquid tight and therefore possible to use as a drinking glass (e.g., a shot glass), or more generally termed: "drinkware", being a vessel used for drinking a liquid. Although the circular cone shape was less than ideal, the research provided additional insight into the cause and effect of variables on the image as well as design. The double blur, glare and distortion of glass proved again why glass is so challenging of a medium to use for creating our desired "3D holographic" images.

The experiment opened the door to ideas for use, applications and opportunities to produce an additional retail product line based on drinkware derived from applying our invention to a glass vessel fashioned into the shape of our pyramid. It became my quest to solve the known glass issues and fashion a glass shape as depicted in Fig. 15 to be used as a functioning "3D Holographic" pyramid that was also a shot glass or other form of a drinking glass (drinkware).

The first challenge was to solve the glare and double blur issues, that glass seemed to amplify even greater than the issues we previously solved with polymers. The key is utilizing the correct thickness and surface coatings to counter the double blur and remove the glare issues. It is necessary to make the first (outside) surface more reflective and to make the second surface substantially non-reflecting, for example by applying an antireflective coating 117 on the second (inside) surface 114. The following table shows some of the variations that I tested:

Coating Data

The .118" thick glass with reflective dielectric coating outside and antireflection coating inside proved to produce the highest quality, sharpest, clearest and most vibrant image. The properties of this combination provided the desired transparency as well, which provides the desired 'holographic' illusion. Figs. 14A-D show the components needed to be cut and polished from the glass and assembled. The design even provided a stable standing solution that was unexpected. I fashioned a crude design from thicker glass earlier on in experimentation and due to the thicker glass it was necessary to add a large square, clear glass base for stability, Fig. 16. It was great to find this base unnecessary in the thinner glass design. The final assembly can be seen in Figs. 14E. Fig. 15 shows a molded plastic model (no corner seams).

The surprise results and new findings were that: using the new design of glass with coatings and an assembled shape according to the design taught in our original provisional patent application dated October 21, 2015 resulted in an image quality that was greatly improved, plus the '3D holographic' effect was visible even in highly lit conditions including use outside in daylight.

Additional testing of specialized coatings is now proving that the same kind of improved results can be obtained by coating acrylic, and possibly other polymers. Thus the inventive shot glass (drinkware) is not limited to a glass-only design, and can be made from any transparent material that is capable of reflecting a source image as taught in our original provisional filing. Improved versions are made with coatings that specifically adjust properties of reflection and anti-reflection in order to produce the taught image results and optical "3D Holographic" effects.

DIRECTIONAL FILTER

I have experimented with and concluded that an improved version of the pyramid may include using a filter such as those used to restrict the view of computer monitors from individuals other than the user seated directly in front of the monitor. These filters are sometimes called 'privacy filters' and one such example is part number X000GERBL7 from 3M. There are many methods utilized for these types of filters such as polarization, wavelength restrictors utilizing complex waveform creation and pass through, specialized prism and panel 106 configurations and the most basic louvered approach which is demonstrated in Figs. 17-18. As you can see the filter 300 is configured with tiny rows of thin black louvers 306 that prevent light from passing through the sides and only straight-on viewing in line with the narrowest part of the louvers is permitted. By configuring two filters on top of each other and rotating one at 90° it is possible to restrict the view of the phone/tablet display screen from all sides and only allow the image to pass through the two filters straight up and onto the pyramid face where it is reflected outward to a viewing user. The user can easily view the images on the pyramid, but is not distracted by the source image on the phone/tablet/display and as such the illusion and overall experience is enhanced.

Although the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, the same is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive in character - it being understood that the embodiments shown and described have been selected as representative examples including presently preferred embodiments plus others indicative of the nature of changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the invention(s) being disclosed and within the scope of invention(s) as claimed in this and any other applications that incorporate relevant portions of the present disclosure for support of those claims. Undoubtedly, other "variations" based on the teachings set forth herein will occur to one having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention most nearly pertains, and such variations are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure and of any claims to invention supported by said disclosure.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. A hologram pyramid device for providing to an observer thereof an illusion of a three dimensional object that closely approximates a perceived holographic image, the hologram pyramid device being characterized by:

a square frustum defined by four substantially planar side panels that extend longitudinally between orthogonal base edges and relatively wider orthogonal top edges, and that are interconnected at sharp, right angle corner edges, and have an acute frustum slope angle greater than 45 degrees;

wherein the sides are characterized by a specularly reflective outside surface, an inside, second surface that is configured to minimize specular internal reflection, and are partially transparent to light rays coming through the frustum toward the observer; and

the device is adapted for use with a substantially horizontal display positioned adjacent and parallel to the frustum base end, wherein the display is configured to vertically project four two-dimensional images, each image being displayed within a frame-delimited portion of the display corresponding to a side, the frames being arranged orthogonally around a central square area that defines a placement position for the frustum base, and the dimensions for each frame correspond to vertical projections of the top edge, the base edge, and the two corner edges of the corresponding side.