WO2017193538A1 - 生成信号的方法和设备 - Google Patents

生成信号的方法和设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017193538A1
WO2017193538A1 PCT/CN2016/102741 CN2016102741W WO2017193538A1 WO 2017193538 A1 WO2017193538 A1 WO 2017193538A1 CN 2016102741 W CN2016102741 W CN 2016102741W WO 2017193538 A1 WO2017193538 A1 WO 2017193538A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
end device
level
feedback parameter
pam
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PCT/CN2016/102741
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
付生猛
张红广
满江伟
高建河
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华为技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP16901493.3A priority Critical patent/EP3444971B1/en
Publication of WO2017193538A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017193538A1/zh
Priority to US16/185,922 priority patent/US20190081708A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
    • H04B10/075—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
    • H04B10/079—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
    • H04B10/0799—Monitoring line transmitter or line receiver equipment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
    • H04B10/5161—Combination of different modulation schemes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K7/00—Modulating pulses with a continuously-variable modulating signal
    • H03K7/02—Amplitude modulation, i.e. PAM
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
    • H04B10/54—Intensity modulation
    • H04B10/541—Digital intensity or amplitude modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/60—Receivers
    • H04B10/66—Non-coherent receivers, e.g. using direct detection
    • H04B10/67—Optical arrangements in the receiver
    • H04B10/676—Optical arrangements in the receiver for all-optical demodulation of the input optical signal
    • H04B10/677—Optical arrangements in the receiver for all-optical demodulation of the input optical signal for differentially modulated signal, e.g. DPSK signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/60—Receivers
    • H04B10/66—Non-coherent receivers, e.g. using direct detection
    • H04B10/69—Electrical arrangements in the receiver
    • H04B10/691—Arrangements for optimizing the photodetector in the receiver
    • H04B10/6911—Photodiode bias control, e.g. for compensating temperature variations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/38—Synchronous or start-stop systems, e.g. for Baudot code
    • H04L25/40—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits
    • H04L25/49—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits using code conversion at the transmitter; using predistortion; using insertion of idle bits for obtaining a desired frequency spectrum; using three or more amplitude levels ; Baseband coding techniques specific to data transmission systems
    • H04L25/4917—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits using code conversion at the transmitter; using predistortion; using insertion of idle bits for obtaining a desired frequency spectrum; using three or more amplitude levels ; Baseband coding techniques specific to data transmission systems using multilevel codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/02—Amplitude-modulated carrier systems, e.g. using on-off keying; Single sideband or vestigial sideband modulation
    • H04L27/04—Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of passive optical networks and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for generating signals.
  • the high-order PAM modulation format can be used to increase the transmission rate of the system without increasing system cost and complexity.
  • PON Passive Optical Network
  • the receiving end uses an Avalanche Photo Diode (APD) to receive the PAM signal.
  • APD Avalanche Photo Diode
  • the noise generated by the APD during operation is related to signal strength and signal amplitude. In the case of a certain signal amplitude, the greater the signal strength (or power), the greater the noise. For conventional multi-amplitude PAM signals, multiple level amplitudes are equally spaced. Therefore, if the APD is used to receive equally spaced PAM signals, there will be a decrease in the quality factor Q between two adjacent high levels in the eye pattern composed of the PAM signal, and the bit error rate (BER) of the system. Increased problem.
  • BER bit error rate
  • a non-equal interval distributed multi-amplitude PAM signal generating device which can generate non-equally spaced PAM signals, so that as the level amplitude increases, adjacent two The interval between the level amplitudes also increases.
  • the APD device receives the PAM signals that are not equally spaced, the Q value between the adjacent two high levels does not decrease as the level amplitude increases, which can reduce the bit error rate of the system.
  • the PAM signals are obtained by a rough estimation of the human eye and supplemented by manual adjustment. That is, the specific magnitudes of the respective level amplitudes of the PAM signals that are not equally spaced are not determined in the prior art.
  • the present application provides a method and apparatus for generating a signal capable of determining a specific magnitude of each level amplitude of a PAM signal while generating a non-equally spaced PAM signal.
  • the present application provides a method for generating a signal, the method comprising: a signal transmitting end device transmitting a first PAM signal to a signal receiving end device, where the first PAM signal includes N first level amplitudes, N ⁇ 3
  • the signal sending end device receives the feedback parameter sent by the signal receiving end device, and the feedback parameter is determined by the signal receiving end device according to the first PAM signal; the signal sending end device determines N target levels according to the feedback parameter.
  • the amplitude, the interval between each two adjacent target level amplitudes of the N target level ranges is different; the signal transmitting end device generates, according to the N target level amplitudes, needs to be sent to the signal receiving end device
  • the second PAM signal is different.
  • the signal sending end device determines, according to the feedback parameter, the N target level ranges, including: the signal sending end device according to the feedback parameter and the preset parameter, Generating N reference level amplitudes; the signal transmitting device determines a quality factor between each of the two adjacent reference level amplitudes of the N reference level amplitudes to obtain (N-1) quality factors; When the difference between any two quality factors of (N-1) quality factors is less than or equal to a preset threshold, the signal transmitting device determines the N reference level amplitudes as the N target level amplitudes.
  • the method before the signal sending end device receives the feedback parameter sent by the signal receiving end device, the method further includes: the signal sending end device The signal receiving end device sends a report request, where the report request is used to indicate that the signal receiving end device reports the feedback parameter.
  • the method is applied to a broadcast network, where the broadcast network includes at least two signal receiving devices, and the signal transmitting end Sending, by the device, the first PAM signal to the signal receiving end device, where: the signal sending end device sends the first PAM signal to the at least two signal receiving end devices; and the signal sending end device receives the signal sent by the receiving end device
  • the feedback parameter includes: the signal sending end device receives at least two feedback parameters sent by the at least two signal receiving end devices, and the at least two feedback parameters are in one-to-one correspondence with the at least two signal receiving end devices; and the signal The sending end device determines the N target level amplitudes according to the feedback parameter, and the signal sending end device determines the N target level amplitudes according to a minimum value of the at least two feedback parameters.
  • the present application provides a method for generating a signal, where a signal receiving end device receives a first PAM signal sent by a signal transmitting end device, where the first PAM signal includes N first level amplitudes, N ⁇ 3; The signal receiving end device determines a feedback parameter according to the first PAM signal; the signal receiving end device sends the feedback parameter to the signal sending end device, so that the signal sending end device determines N target level amplitudes according to the feedback parameter, and A second PAM signal to be transmitted to the signal receiving device is generated based on the N target levels, wherein an interval between two adjacent target level amplitudes of the N target level amplitudes is different.
  • the method further includes: the signal receiving end device receiving the signal sending end device sending The reporting request is used to indicate that the signal receiving end device reports the feedback parameter; and the signal sending end device sends the feedback parameter to the signal sending end device, including: the signal receiving end device is based on the reporting request The signal transmitting device sends the feedback parameter.
  • the feedback parameter is an average level power and an extinction ratio ER of the N first levels, or the feedback parameter is a maximum level power and a minimum level power of the N first levels,
  • the N first levels are in one-to-one correspondence with the N first level amplitudes, and each of the first level amplitudes is a corresponding first level amplitude value.
  • the value of N is 4, and when the feedback parameter is an average level power and an extinction ratio ER, the preset parameter is every two adjacent levels of the four first levels. Any two of the extinction ratios; or when the feedback parameter is the maximum level power and the minimum level power, the preset parameter is between each of the four adjacent levels of the four first levels Any two of the extinction ratios.
  • the present application provides a signal transmitting device for performing the method in the first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.
  • the signal transmitting device comprises means for performing the method of the first aspect or any of the possible implementations of the first aspect.
  • the present application provides a signal receiving device for performing the method in any of the possible implementations of the second aspect or the second aspect.
  • the signal receiving end device includes any of the possible implementations for performing the second aspect or the second aspect. The unit of the method.
  • the present application provides a signal transmitting device including a receiver, a transmitter, a processor, a memory, and a bus system.
  • the receiver, the transmitter, the processor and the memory are connected by a bus system, the memory is used for storing instructions, and the processor is configured to execute instructions stored in the memory to control the receiver to receive signals and control the transmitter to send signals.
  • the processor executes the instructions stored in the memory, the method of causing the processor to perform the first aspect or any of the possible implementations of the first aspect is performed.
  • the present application provides a signal receiving device including a receiver, a transmitter, a processor, a memory, and a bus system.
  • the receiver, the transmitter, the processor and the memory are connected by a bus system, the memory is used for storing instructions, and the processor is configured to execute instructions stored in the memory to control the receiver to receive signals and control the transmitter to send signals.
  • the processor executes the instructions stored in the memory, the method of causing the processor to perform the second aspect or any of the possible implementations of the second aspect is performed.
  • the application provides a computer readable medium for storing a computer program, the computer program comprising instructions for performing the method of the first aspect or any of the possible implementations of the first aspect.
  • the present application provides a computer readable medium for storing a computer program, the computer program comprising instructions for performing the method of any of the second aspect or any of the possible implementations of the second aspect.
  • the method and device for generating a signal fed back a received PAM signal to a signal transmitting end device through a signal receiving end device, so that the signal transmitting end device can determine a PAM signal while generating a non-equally spaced PAM signal.
  • Various level amplitudes The specific amount.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic interaction diagram of a method of generating a signal in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a multi-amplitude PAM signal in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 shows a flow chart for determining the target level amplitude of a non-equally spaced PAM4 signal.
  • Figure 4 shows a model of an APD-ROSA device.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing an application of a method for generating a signal in a PON network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 shows an example of a schematic interaction diagram of an OLT and an ONU.
  • Figure 7 shows a further example of a schematic interaction diagram of an OLT and an ONU.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic block diagram of a signal transmitting device 500 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic block diagram of a signal receiving device 600 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a signal transmitting device 700 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a signal receiving end device 800 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method for generating a signal according to an embodiment of the present invention is applicable to various multi-amplitude PAM signal systems.
  • the embodiment of the present invention only uses PAM4 as an example to describe a method for generating a signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic interaction diagram of a method 100 of generating a signal according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the method 100 includes:
  • the signal sending end device sends the first PAM signal to the signal receiving end device.
  • the first PAM signal includes N first level amplitudes, N ⁇ 3.
  • N the first PAM signal is the PAM4 signal.
  • N the first PAM The signal is a PAM8 signal.
  • the PAM signal includes two level amplitudes, and does not involve the problem of non-equal interval distribution of level amplitudes. Therefore, generating multi-amplitude PAM signals of non-equally spaced distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the minimum value of N is 3.
  • the N first level amplitudes included in the first PAM signal may be equally spaced, or may be non-equally spaced.
  • the first PAM signal sent by the signal sending end device to the signal receiving end device can be generated by a prior art method, which is not described herein for the sake of brevity.
  • the number of levels included in the first PAM signal and the second PAM signal are equal. That is to say, according to the method for generating a signal according to an embodiment of the present invention, if a PAM signal that is not equally spaced is distributed (for convenience of distinction and description, denoted as PAM signal #1), first, the signal transmitting device needs to generate one including The same number of level amplitude PAM signals (referred to as PAM signal #2 for ease of distinction and explanation), and the PAM signal #2 signal is sent to the signal receiving end device. Thereafter, the signal transmitting end device feeds back the PAM signal #2 to the signal receiving end device, so that the signal transmitting end device adjusts (or optimizes) the PAM signal #2, and finally generates the PAM signal #1.
  • the signal transmitting end device adjusts the PAM signal #2, that is, the process of determining the respective level amplitudes of the PAM signal #1, the specific magnitude of each level amplitude of the finally generated PAM signal #1 is known. of. That is, according to the method of generating a signal according to an embodiment of the present invention, a PAM signal of a non-equal interval distribution in which specific magnitudes of respective level amplitudes are known can be generated.
  • the signal receiving end device determines a feedback parameter according to the first PAM signal.
  • the signal receiving end device determines the feedback parameter, including two situations. condition.
  • the average power P is the average of the powers of the plurality of levels included in the PAM signal.
  • the extinction ratio ER is a ratio of the level power of the highest level among the N first levels included in the first PAM signal to the level power of the lowest level.
  • the signal receiving end device can obtain the average power and ER of the first PAM signal by detecting the received first PAM signal.
  • the maximum level power and the minimum level power of the N first level powers included in the first PAM signal are determined.
  • the signal receiving end device can determine the maximum power (ie, the maximum level power) and the minimum power (ie, the minimum level power) by using the prior art. For brevity, no further details are provided herein.
  • the signal receiving end device can detect the first PAM signal through a high-speed photodiode (PD) during the period of receiving the first PAM signal sent by the signal transmitting end device, and detect the maximum power. And minimum power.
  • PD photodiode
  • the signal sending end device receives the feedback parameter sent by the signal receiving end device.
  • the signal sending end device may include multiple modes when receiving the feedback parameter sent by the signal receiving end device.
  • the signal receiving device can perform feedback based on the preset convention of the system, receiving the PAM signal.
  • the signal receiving end device may report the feedback parameter to the signal sending end device after receiving the reporting request from the signal sending end device. This embodiment of the invention is not particularly limited.
  • the signal sending end device determines N target level amplitudes according to the feedback parameter.
  • the N target level amplitudes here refer to the N level amplitudes of the PAM signals that the signal transmitting end device needs to finally generate. That is, the N level amplitudes of the second PAM signal.
  • the signal sending end device determines the N target level ranges according to the feedback parameter, including:
  • the signal sending end device generates N reference level amplitudes according to the feedback parameter and the preset parameter;
  • the signal transmitting end device determines a quality factor between each two adjacent reference level amplitudes of the N reference level amplitudes to obtain (N-1) quality factors;
  • the signal transmitting device determines the N reference level amplitudes as the N target levels. Amplitude
  • the PAM4 signal includes 4 levels (or 4 level amplitudes), and the power of the 4 levels is P 0 , P 1 , P 2 , and P 3 from small to large.
  • P is the average power of the four powers.
  • the extinction ratio ER represents the ratio of the maximum power to the minimum power among the powers corresponding to the four levels included in the PAM4 signal.
  • the degree of crosstalk between every two adjacent levels can be measured by the ratio of its power (i.e., the extinction ratio of the sub-eyes of the eye diagram formed by the PAM signal).
  • the extinction ratio between P 1 and P 0 is er 1
  • the extinction ratio between P 2 and P 1 is er 2 .
  • each parameter has the following relationship:
  • the target level amplitude is a plurality of level amplitudes included in the optimal PAM signal determined by the system according to the current network state.
  • a specific magnitude of each level amplitude included in a non-equal spaced multi-amplitude PAM signal is determined, and a multi-amplitude PAM signal that is not equally spaced is determined.
  • Figure 3 shows a flow chart for determining the level amplitude of a non-equally spaced PAM4 signal.
  • the process of the signal transmitting end device determining the target level amplitude mainly includes the following steps:
  • the signal transmitting device can receive the P and ER fed back by the signal receiving device.
  • the signal transmitting device can receive P 3 and P 0 fed back by the signal receiving device.
  • the signal receiving device can set any two of P 0 , P 1 , P 2 and P 3 , er 1 , er 2 and er 3 The value of the parameter. That is, an initial value is set for any two of the seven parameters.
  • the initial value set should be made smaller than ER. If set P 0, P 1, P 2 and P 3 the initial value should be set such that P 0, P 1 is less than the magnitude of P, P 2, and the set value P 3 is greater than P.
  • the size relationship that is satisfied between the above preset parameters can be used as a preferred manner. Since the method of generating a signal according to an embodiment of the present invention is to generate a PAM signal that is not equally spaced, and when the level amplitude is increased, the interval between the level amplitudes should also be increased to make the adjacent level. The Q value between them will not decrease. Therefore, each level of amplitude The interval between them should be increased with the interval between the level amplitudes, and the amplitude of each level is preferentially set to the average position, and the magnitude of the target level amplitude can be determined more quickly.
  • the signal receiving device feeds back the maximum power P 3 and the minimum power P 0 , the signal receiving device can set the values of any two parameters of er 1 , er 2 and er 3 .
  • the signal transmitting device sets the initial values of er 1 and er 3 .
  • P 1 P 0 ⁇ er 1
  • P 2 P 3 / er 3 , therefore, the signal transmitting device can calculate P 0 , P 1 , P 2 and P 3 The specific amount.
  • the specific parameters that the signal sending end device can set as the preset parameter may be determined according to the feedback parameter sent by the signal receiving end device.
  • the equations composed of the relations (1) to (5) include five equations, seven parameters, They are P 0 , P 1 , P 2 and P 3 , er 1 , er 2 and er 3 respectively (because P and ER are known).
  • P 0 , P 1 , P 2 and P 3 In fact, as long as two parameters are arbitrarily selected from the above seven parameters and the initial values are set, one will obtain five equations and five The system of equations for the parameter. At this point, the equations have a unique solution.
  • the preset parameter may be any two of the above P 0 , P 1 , P 2 and P 3 , er 1 , er 2 and er 3 parameters. One.
  • the powers P 0 , P 1 , P 2 , and P 3 corresponding to the respective reference levels may be calculated according to the relationship (1) to (5) described above. .
  • the specific magnitude of the amplitude of each level can be determined by calculating the power of each level included in the PAM signal.
  • the power of each level of the PAM signal is determined, i.e., the amplitude of each level of the PAM signal is determined, and a PAM signal is determined.
  • the signal receiving device can both feed back the average power P and the extinction ratio ER of the first PAM signal to the signal transmitting device.
  • the maximum power and the minimum power can also be fed back.
  • the signal transmitting device can calculate P 0 , P 1 , P 2 and P 3 according to the feedback parameters sent by the signal transmitting device.
  • P 0 , P 1 , P 2 , and P 3 may correspond to the reference level amplitudes in the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the signal transmitting end device can obtain the target level amplitude by adjusting the reference level.
  • the signal transmitting device calculates the Q value between every two adjacent level amplitudes.
  • the reference level is 4, and the Q value between each two adjacent amplitudes is calculated to obtain 3 Q values. That is, they are Q 1 , Q 2 and Q 3 , respectively.
  • the number of Q values corresponds to the number of level amplitudes included in the PAM signal.
  • PAM8 includes 8 level amplitudes, and one Q value is calculated between every two adjacent level amplitudes. Therefore, the calculated Q value is 7.
  • PAM16 the calculated Q value is 15.
  • two adjacent level amplitudes refer to adjacent levels in the amplitude.
  • the amplitudes of the four levels of the PAM4 signal are A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , and A 4 , respectively, and satisfy 0 ⁇ A 1 ⁇ A 2 ⁇ A 3 ⁇ A 4 , then A 1 and A 2 are Adjacent level amplitudes, A 2 and A 3 are adjacent level amplitudes, and A 3 and A 4 are adjacent level amplitudes.
  • the signal transmitting device judges the calculated plurality of Q values. It is determined whether the difference between each two Q values is less than or equal to a preset threshold (ie, a preset condition in FIG. 3).
  • the preset threshold is a minimum reference amount set by the signal transmitting device.
  • the PAM signal output by the signal transmitting device at this time is the optimal signal of the current link.
  • P 0 , P 1 , P 2 , and P 3 are determined as target level amplitudes. That is, the signal transmitting end device outputs a second PAM4 signal, and the power of the four levels included in the second PAM4 signal are P 0 , P 1 , P 2 , and P 3 , respectively .
  • the power of every two adjacent levels can be calculated (for example, P 1 and P 0 , P 2 and P 1 and P 3 and P 2 )
  • the difference between the Q values is less than or equal to a preset threshold, and a second PAM signal that is not equally spaced is generated.
  • the calculation of the Q value needs to be based on the receiving device's snow photodiode-receiver optical subassembly (Avalanche Photo Diode-Receiver Optical Subassembly, The working parameters of APD-ROSA) are calculated.
  • FIG. 4 shows a model of an APD-ROSA device.
  • APD APD-ROSA
  • the main source of noise of APD is APD's shot noise, APD body dark current noise, APD surface dark current noise, and transimpedance amplifier (Trans- Thermal noise of Impedance Amplifier (TIA).
  • TIA Trans- Thermal noise of Impedance Amplifier
  • the optical signal for different signal intensities can be calculated by the relation (7), and the noise current s k generated by the APD is:
  • i d,m is the dark current of the APD
  • i d,n is the surface dark current of APD, i n, TIA is the noise of TIA,
  • q is the electron charge electron charge constant.
  • M is the multiplication factor of the APD
  • F is APD excess noise factor
  • R is the responsivity of the intrinsic APD
  • n LA preamplifiers (English translation may be: Post Amplifier) equivalent input noise
  • the voltage, R f is the reference resistor of the preamplifier.
  • parameters such as M, F, R, BW n , n LA and R f are inherent characteristics of the APD device and can be obtained from the parameter list of the APD device.
  • the Q value between two adjacent levels can be calculated by the relation (8).
  • i k represents the signal current of the kth level of the multi-amplitude PAM signal
  • s k represents the noise current of the kth level.
  • the noise current of each level can be obtained according to the relation (7), and Q 1 and Q are calculated according to the relation (8).
  • the signal sending end device generates a second PAM signal according to the N target level amplitudes.
  • the second PAM signal is generated, that is, the determined N target level amplitudes are used as the respective level amplitudes of the second PAM signal.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing an application of a method for generating a signal in a PON network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • an optical line terminal includes a Transmitter Optical Sub-Assembly (TOSA), a Receiver Optical Subassembly (ROSA), and a driver (Driver, which can be referred to as For the DRV), the physical layer of the transmitting end runs a PAM signal non-equal interval control algorithm for adjusting the PAM signal output by the OLT (or adjusting the eye pattern formed by the PAM signal) to generate non-equally spaced distributions. PAM signal.
  • TOSA Transmitter Optical Sub-Assembly
  • ROSA Receiver Optical Subassembly
  • Driver which can be referred to as For the DRV
  • Optical network unit includes the physical layers of the TOSA, ROSA, and PAM signal receiving ends.
  • the ONU detects the average power P and the extinction ratio ER of the received PAM signal, and reports this information to the OLT.
  • the OLT adjusts the amplitude of the multi-amplitude PAM signal according to the P and ER information reported by the ONU through the non-equal interval transmission control algorithm to realize the output of the non-equal interval PAM signal. Since the P and ER detected by the ONU are the real information after the PAM signal is transmitted in the network, the OLT can optimize the signal according to the information, and the optimal PAM signal output can be realized.
  • non-equal interval control algorithm herein may correspond to a process of determining a target level amplitude according to a feedback parameter and a preset parameter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method before the signal sending device obtains the feedback parameter, the method further includes:
  • the signal sending end device sends a report request to the signal receiving end device, where the report request is used to indicate that the signal receiving end device reports the feedback parameter.
  • the signal receiving end device sending the feedback parameter to the signal sending end device may be pre-agreed, or the signal receiving end may be set to receive the reporting request from the signal sending end, and send the signal to the signal sending end based on the reporting request.
  • the device sends feedback parameters.
  • the signal receiving end device feeds back the information of the received first PAM signal (ie, the feedback parameter) to the signal sending end device, so that the signal transmitting end device can calculate the second PAM signal according to the feedback parameter. . That is, while generating a non-equally spaced PAM signal (ie, a second PAM signal), a specific magnitude of each level amplitude of the second PAM signal can be determined.
  • a PON network for a PON network, specifically, there are two network forms, That is, broadcast networks and non-broadcast networks.
  • the method for generating a signal according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below in an application in a broadcast network and a non-broadcast network, respectively.
  • the OLT For a broadcast network, the OLT (ie, an example of a signal transmitting device) transmits a first PAM signal to all ONUs (ie, an example of a signal receiving device) user in the network.
  • each ONU user in the network sends feedback parameters to the OLT.
  • M ONU users in the network M ⁇ 2.
  • M sets of feedback parameters are received. If the feedback parameter sent by the ONU user to the OLT is the average power P and the extinction ratio ER, the OLT needs to select a set of parameters with the smallest P value from the M group feedback parameters, and adjust and optimize the first PAM signal to A second PAM signal is generated.
  • OUN#1 a group of parameters with the smallest average power P value
  • other OUN users in the network can also receive the OLT.
  • the OLT needs to send specific PAM signals to specific ONU users.
  • the transmission of PAM signals between different ONU users is time division multiplexed. In other words, at each time period, the OLT sends only one PAM signal to a particular ONU user.
  • the PAM signal needs to be adjusted and optimized according to the feedback parameters of each ONU user, and sent to the corresponding ONU user.
  • FIG. 6 shows an example of a schematic interaction diagram of an OLT and an ONU.
  • the process of information interaction between the OLT and the ONU mainly includes steps 301 to 305.
  • the ONU has been successfully registered.
  • the OLT sends a report request to the ONU.
  • the ONU needs to feed back information of the received PAM signal to the OLT.
  • the OLT may first carry the required Operational and Maintenance (OAM) message or the Multi-Point Control Protocol (MPCP) message to the ONU to report the received Average optical power and extinction ratio (or, also, maximum optical power value and minimum optical power value can be reported).
  • the message includes at least three information fields: an ONU identifier, an extinction ratio ER, and an average optical power.
  • the ONU identifier is used to indicate an ONU in the PON network that needs to report feedback parameters.
  • the OLT sends a PAM signal #1 to the ONU.
  • the PAM signal #1 herein is a multi-amplitude PAM signal that the OLT sends to the ONU user before adjusting the eye diagram to facilitate the information that the ONU user will receive the PAM signal #1 (eg, average power and extinction ratio, Feedback is performed on the maximum power value and the minimum power value, etc., to optimize the respective parameter values of the PAM signal #1.
  • step 302 there is no order between step 302 and step 303, and the present invention should not be The scope of protection of the method of generating a signal of an embodiment constitutes any limitation.
  • step 303 may be performed first, and then step 302 is performed.
  • the ONU sends a request response message to the OLT, where the request response message carries a feedback parameter.
  • the OLT works after adjusting the eye diagram.
  • the OLT adjusts (or optimizes) the parameters of the PAM signal #1 (for example, the level amplitude or the extinction ratio between adjacent level amplitudes) according to the feedback parameter reported by the ONU in step 304. Determine the working status at this time and output PAM signal #2.
  • the parameters of the PAM signal #1 for example, the level amplitude or the extinction ratio between adjacent level amplitudes
  • the magnitude of the adjusted level amplitude is determined as the magnitude of each level amplitude included in PAM signal #2.
  • Figure 7 shows a further example of a schematic interaction diagram of an OLT and an ONU.
  • the flow of information exchange between the OLT and the ONU mainly includes steps 401 to 403.
  • the OLT sends a window to the ONU.
  • the ONU needs to be registered in the PON network before working.
  • the OLT sends a window to all ONUs in the network (the English translation can be: Discovery Gate), and the OLT sends a window to indicate that other ONUs other than ONU#1 are in the window.
  • the reporting of the feedback parameter is stopped in the corresponding time period, so that it is only used for the reporting of the ONU #1 in the time period corresponding to the window opening.
  • the OLT sends a request response message to the ONU, where the request response message carries a feedback parameter.
  • ONU#1 can receive multiple frames sent by the OLT after successful registration. Degree PAM signal, and report information of the received multi-amplitude PAM signal (for example, average power and extinction ratio, maximum power value and minimum power value, etc.), so that the OLT can multi-amplitude PAM according to the information reported by ONU#1.
  • the signal is adjusted and optimized, and the adjusted PAM signal is output.
  • OLT adjusts the eye diagram and works
  • the OLT optimizes and outputs the PAM signal according to the information reported by the ONU #1.
  • the Q factor of the PAM signal can be improved, the BER of the system can be reduced, and finally the receiving sensitivity of the system can be improved, and the power budget of the system can be improved.
  • the OLT in FIGS. 6 and 7 described above is an example of a signal transmitting device, and the ONU is an example of a signal receiving device.
  • the signal receiving end device feeds back the information of the received first PAM signal (ie, the feedback parameter) to the signal sending end device, so that the signal transmitting end device can calculate the second PAM signal according to the feedback parameter. . That is, while generating a non-equally spaced PAM signal (ie, a second PAM signal), a specific magnitude of each level amplitude of the second PAM signal can be determined.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic block diagram of a signal transmitting device 500 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 8, the signal transmitting device 500 includes:
  • the sending unit 510 is configured to send, to the signal receiving end device, a first PAM signal, where the first PAM signal includes N first level amplitudes, N ⁇ 3;
  • the receiving unit 520 is configured to receive a feedback parameter sent by the signal receiving end device, where the feedback parameter is determined by the signal receiving end device according to the first PAM signal;
  • the processing unit 530 is configured to determine N target level amplitudes according to the feedback parameter, where an interval between each two adjacent target level amplitudes is different;
  • the processing unit 530 is further configured to generate, according to the N target level amplitudes, a second PAM signal that needs to be sent to the signal receiving end device.
  • Each unit in the signal transmitting device 500 and the other operations or functions described above according to an embodiment of the present invention respectively implement a corresponding flow performed by the signal transmitting device in the method 100. For the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.
  • the signal receiving end device feeds back the information of the received first PAM signal (ie, the feedback parameter) to the signal sending end device, so that the signal sending end device can calculate the second according to the feedback parameter.
  • PAM signal that is, while generating a non-equally spaced PAM signal (ie, a second PAM signal), a specific magnitude of each level amplitude of the second PAM signal can be determined.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic block diagram of a signal receiving device 600 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the signal receiving device 600 includes:
  • the receiving unit 610 is configured to send, by the signal sending end device, a first PAM signal, where the first PAM signal includes N first level amplitudes, N ⁇ 3;
  • the processing unit 620 is configured to determine a feedback parameter according to the first PAM signal
  • the sending unit 630 is configured to send the feedback parameter to the signal sending end device, so as to facilitate The signal transmitting end device determines N target level amplitudes according to the feedback parameter, and generates a second PAM signal to be sent to the signal receiving end device according to the N target levels, wherein the N target level amplitudes The spacing between each two adjacent target level amplitudes is different.
  • the units in the signal receiving device 600 and the other operations or functions described above according to embodiments of the present invention respectively implement respective flows performed by the signal receiving device in the method 100. For the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.
  • the signal receiving end device feeds back the information of the received first PAM signal (ie, the feedback parameter) to the signal sending end device, so that the signal sending end device can calculate the second according to the feedback parameter.
  • PAM signal that is, while generating a non-equally spaced PAM signal (ie, a second PAM signal), a specific magnitude of each level amplitude of the second PAM signal can be determined.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a signal transmitting device 700 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the signal transmitting device 700 includes a receiver 710, a transmitter 720, a processor 730, a memory 740, and a bus system 770.
  • the receiver 710, the transmitter 720, the processor 730 and the memory 740 are connected by a bus system 770 for storing instructions for executing instructions stored in the memory 740 to control the receiver 710 to receive.
  • the transmitter 720 is configured to send, to the signal receiving end device, a first PAM signal, where the first The PAM signal includes N first level amplitudes, N ⁇ 3;
  • the receiver 710 is configured to receive a feedback parameter sent by the signal receiving end device, where the feedback parameter is determined by the signal receiving end device according to the first PAM signal;
  • the processor 730 is configured to determine N target level amplitudes according to the feedback parameter, where intervals between two adjacent target level amplitudes of the N target level ranges are different;
  • the processor 730 is further configured to generate, according to the N target level amplitudes, a second PAM signal that needs to be sent to the signal receiving end device.
  • the processor 730 may be a central processing unit (“CPU"), and the processor 730 may also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs). , an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an off-the-shelf programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware component, and the like.
  • the general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor or any conventional processor or the like.
  • the memory 740 can include read only memory and random access memory and provides instructions and data to the processor 730. A portion of the memory 740 can also include a non-volatile random access memory. For example, the memory 740 can also store information of the device type.
  • the bus system 770 may include a power bus, a control bus, a status signal bus, and the like in addition to the data bus. However, for clarity of description, various buses are labeled as bus system 770 in the figure.
  • each step of the foregoing method may be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processor 730 or an instruction in a form of software.
  • the steps of the method for generating a signal disclosed in connection with the embodiments of the present invention may be directly implemented as a hardware processor execution completion, or The completion is performed using a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor.
  • the software module can be located in a conventional storage medium such as random access memory, flash memory, read only memory, programmable read only memory or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, and the like.
  • the storage medium is located in memory 740, and processor 730 reads the information in memory 740 and, in conjunction with its hardware, performs the steps of the above method. To avoid repetition, it will not be described in detail here.
  • Each unit in the signal transmitting device 700 and the above-described other operations or functions according to an embodiment of the present invention respectively perform a corresponding flow performed by the signal transmitting device in the method 100. For the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.
  • the signal receiving end device feeds back the information of the received first PAM signal (ie, the feedback parameter) to the signal sending end device, so that the signal sending end device can calculate the second according to the feedback parameter.
  • PAM signal that is, while generating a non-equally spaced PAM signal (ie, a second PAM signal), a specific magnitude of each level amplitude of the second PAM signal can be determined.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a signal receiving end device 800 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the signal receiving device 800 includes a receiver 810, a transmitter 820, a processor 830, a memory 840, and a bus system 880.
  • the receiver 810, the transmitter 820, the processor 830, and the memory 840 are connected by a bus system 880 for storing instructions for executing instructions stored in the memory 840 to control the receiver 810 to receive.
  • Signaling and controlling the transmitter 820 to send a signal wherein
  • the receiver 810 is configured to receive a first PAM signal sent by the signal sending end device, where the first PAM signal includes N first level amplitudes, N ⁇ 3;
  • the processor 830 is configured to determine a feedback parameter according to the first PAM signal
  • the transmitter 820 is configured to send the feedback parameter to the signal sending end device, so that the signal sending end device determines N target level amplitudes according to the feedback parameter, and generates a signal to be sent to the signal according to the N target levels. And a second PAM signal of the receiving device, wherein an interval between two adjacent target level amplitudes of the N target level amplitudes is different.
  • the processor 830 may be a central processing unit (“CPU"), and the processor 830 may also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs). , an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an off-the-shelf programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware component, and the like.
  • the general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor or any conventional processor or the like.
  • the memory 840 can include read only memory and random access memory and provides instructions and data to the processor 830. A portion of the memory 840 may also include a non-volatile random access memory. For example, the memory 840 can also store information of the device type.
  • the bus system 880 may include a power bus, a control bus, a status signal bus, and the like in addition to the data bus. However, for clarity of description, various buses are labeled as bus system 880 in the figure.
  • each step of the above method may be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processor 830 or an instruction in the form of software.
  • the steps of the method for generating a signal disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention may be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or may be performed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor.
  • Software modules can be located in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory or electrically erasable programmable Memory, registers, etc. are well-known in the storage medium.
  • the storage medium is located in memory 840, and processor 830 reads the information in memory 840 and, in conjunction with its hardware, performs the steps of the above method. To avoid repetition, it will not be described in detail here.
  • the units in the signal receiving device 800 and the other operations or functions described above according to embodiments of the present invention are respectively configured to perform respective processes performed by the signal receiving device in the method 100. For the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.
  • the signal receiving end device feeds back the information of the received first PAM signal (ie, the feedback parameter) to the signal sending end device, so that the signal sending end device can calculate the second according to the feedback parameter.
  • PAM signal that is, while generating a non-equally spaced PAM signal (ie, a second PAM signal), a specific magnitude of each level amplitude of the second PAM signal can be determined.
  • the size of the sequence numbers of the above processes does not mean the order of execution, and the order of execution of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not be taken to the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the implementation process constitutes any limitation.
  • the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may be implemented in other manners.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the unit is only a logical function division.
  • there may be another division manner for example, multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the functions may be stored in a computer readable storage medium if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a standalone product.
  • the technical solution of the present invention which is essential or contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium, including a number of instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform various embodiments of the present invention All or part of the steps of the method described.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and the like. .

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Abstract

本发明实施例公开了一种生成信号的方法，能够在产生非等间隔分布的PAM信号的同时，确定PAM信号的各个电平幅度的具体量值。该方法包括：信号发送端设备向信号接收端设备发送第一PAM信号，该第一PAM信号包括N个第一电平幅度，N≥3；信号发送端设备接收信号接收端设备发送的反馈参数，该反馈参数是信号接收端设备根据该第一PAM信号确定的；信号发送端设备根据该反馈参数确定N个目标电平幅度，该N个目标电平幅度中每两个相邻的目标电平幅度之间的间隔相异；信号发送端设备根据该N个目标电平幅度生成需要发送至信号接收端设备的第二PAM信号。

Description

生成信号的方法和设备 技术领域
本发明实施例涉及无源光网络领域，并且更具体地，涉及一种生成信号的方法和设备。
背景技术
为了满足接入网对速率急速增加的要求，使用高阶的PAM调制格式，在不增加系统成本和复杂度的前提下，能够提高系统的传输速率。对于高速的无源光网络(Passive Optical Network，PON)系统，为了增加系统的功率预算，接收端使用雪崩光电二极管(Avalanche Photo Diode，APD)对PAM信号进行接收。
APD在工作过程中产生的噪声与信号强度和信号幅度相关。在信号幅度一定情况下，信号强度(或功率)越大，噪声也越大。对于传统的多幅度PAM信号，多个电平幅度是等间隔分布的。因此，如果采用APD接收等间隔分布的PAM信号，会存在PAM信号组成的眼图中相邻的两个高电平之间的品质因数Q值降低，系统的误码率(Bit Error Rate，BER)增大的问题。
现有技术中，为了解决上述问题，提出了一种非等间隔分布多幅度PAM信号的产生器件，可以产生非等间隔分布的PAM信号，使得随着电平幅度的升高，相邻的两个电平幅度之间的间隔也随之增大。这样，APD器件接收非等间隔分布的PAM信号时，相邻的两个高电平之间的Q值不会随电平幅度的增大而降低，可以降低系统的误码率。
虽然现有技术中产生了非等间隔分布的PAM信号，但是PAM信号是通过人眼的粗略估计并辅以人工调节得到的。即，现有技术中无法确定非等间隔分布的PAM信号的各个电平幅度的具体量值。
发明内容
本申请提供一种生成信号的方法和设备，能够在产生非等间隔分布的PAM信号的同时，确定PAM信号的各个电平幅度的具体量值。
第一方面，本申请提供一种生成信号的方法，该方法包括：信号发送端设备向信号接收端设备发送第一PAM信号，该第一PAM信号包括N个第一电平幅度，N≥3；该信号发送端设备接收该信号接收端设备发送的反馈参数，该反馈参数是该信号接收端设备根据该第一PAM信号确定的；该信号发送端设备根据该反馈参数确定N个目标电平幅度，该N个目标电平幅度中每两个相邻的目标电平幅度之间的间隔相异；该信号发送端设备根据该N个目标电平幅度生成需要发送至该信号接收端设备的第二PAM信号。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的第一种实现方式中，该信号发送端设备根据该反馈参数确定N个目标电平幅度，包括：该信号发送端设备根据该反馈参数和预设参数，生成N个参考电平幅度；该信号发送端设备确定该N个参考电平幅度中每两个相邻的参考电平幅度之间的品质因数，得到(N-1)个品质因数；当该(N-1)个品质因数中任意两个品质因数之间的差值小于或等于预设阈值时，该信号发送端设备将该N个参考电平幅度确定为该N个目标电平幅度。
结合第一方面及其上述实现方式，在第一方面的第二种实现方式中，该信号发送端设备接收该信号接收端设备发送的反馈参数之前，该方法还包括：该信号发送端设备向该信号接收端设备发送上报请求，该上报请求用于指示该信号接收端设备上报该反馈参数。
结合第一方面及其上述实现方式，在第一方面的第三种实现方式中，该方法应用于广播式网络，该广播式网络中包括至少两个信号接收端设备，以及，该信号发送端设备向信号接收端设备发送第一PAM信号，包括：该信号发送端设备向该至少两个信号接收端设备发送该第一PAM信号；以及，该信号发送端设备接收该信号接收端设备发送的反馈参数，包括：该信号发送端设备接收该至少两个信号接收端设备发送的至少两个反馈参数，该至少两个反馈参数与该至少两个信号接收端设备一一对应；以及，该信号发送端设备根据该反馈参数确定N个目标电平幅度，包括：该信号发送端设备根据该至少两个反馈参数中的最小值确定该N个目标电平幅度。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种生成信号的方法，信号接收端设备接收信号发送端设备发送的第一PAM信号，该第一PAM信号包括N个第一电平幅度，N≥3；该信号接收端设备根据该第一PAM信号确定反馈参数；该信号接收端设备向该信号发送端设备发送该反馈参数，以便于该信号发送端设备根据该反馈参数确定N个目标电平幅度，并根据该N个目标电平生成需要发送至该信号接收端设备的第二PAM信号，其中，该N个目标电平幅度中每两个相邻的目标电平幅度之间的间隔相异。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的第一种实现方式中，该信号接收端设备向该信号发送端设备发送反馈参数之前，该方法还包括：该信号接收端设备接收该信号发送端设备发送的上报请求，该上报请求用于指示该信号接收端设备上报该反馈参数；以及，该信号发送端设备向该信号发送端设备发送该反馈参数，包括：该信号接收端设备基于该上报请求向该信号发送端设备发送该反馈参数。
在某些实现方式中，该反馈参数为N个第一电平的平均电平功率和消光比ER，或，该反馈参数为N个第一电平的最大电平功率和最小电平功率，其中，该N个第一电平与该N个第一电平幅度一一对应，每个第一电平幅度为对应的第一电平的幅度值。
在某些实现方式中，该N的取值为4，当该反馈参数为平均电平功率和消光比ER时，该预设参数为该四个第一电平中每两个相邻电平之间的消光比中的任意两个；或当该反馈参数为最大电平功率和最小电平功率时，该预设参数为该四个第一电平中每两个相邻电平之间的消光比中的任意两个。
第三方面，本申请提供一种信号发送端设备，用于执行第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式中的方法。具体地，该信号发送端设备包括用于执行第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式中的方法的单元。
第四方面，本申请提供一种信号接收端设备，用于执行第二方面或第二方面的任意可能的实现方式中的方法。具体地，该信号接收端设备包括用于执行第二方面或第二方面的任意可能的实现方式中的 方法的单元。
第五方面，本申请提供一种信号发送端设备，该设备包括接收器、发送器、处理器、存储器和总线系统。其中，接收器、发送器、处理器和存储器通过总线系统相连，存储器用于存储指令，处理器用于执行存储器存储的指令，以控制接收器接收信号和控制发送器发送信号。并且当处理器执行存储器存储的指令时，执行使得处理器执行第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式中的方法。
第六方面，本申请提供了一种信号接收端设备，该设备包括接收器、发送器、处理器、存储器和总线系统。其中，接收器、发送器、处理器和存储器通过总线系统相连，存储器用于存储指令，处理器用于执行存储器存储的指令，以控制接收器接收信号和控制发送器发送信号。并且当处理器执行存储器存储的指令时，执行使得处理器执行第二方面或第二方面的任意可能的实现方式中的方法。
第七方面，本申请提供一种计算机可读介质，用于存储计算机程序，该计算机程序包括用于执行第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式中的方法的指令。
第八方面，本申请提供一种计算机可读介质，用于存储计算机程序，该计算机程序包括用于执行第二方面或第二方面的任意可能的实现方式中的方法的指令。
本申请提供的生成信号的方法和设备，通过信号接收端设备将接收到的PAM信号反馈给信号发送端设备，使得信号发送端设备能够在产生非等间隔分布的PAM信号的同时，确定PAM信号的各个电平幅度 的具体量值。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对本发明实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是根据本发明实施例的生成信号的方法的示意性交互图。
图2示出了根据本发明实施例的多幅度PAM信号的示意图
图3示出了确定非等间隔分布的PAM4信号的目标电平幅度的流程图。
图4示出了APD-ROSA器件的模型。
图5示出了本发明实施例的生成信号的方法在PON网络中的应用的示意图。
图6示出了OLT和ONU的示意性交互图的一例。
图7示出了OLT和ONU的示意性交互图又一例。
图8示出了根据本发明实施例的信号发送端设备500的示意性框图。
图9示出了根据本发明实施例的信号接收端设备600的示意性框图。
图10是根据本发明实施例的信号发送端设备700的示意性结构 图。
图11是根据本发明实施例的信号接收端设备800的示意性结构图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例的生成信号的方法，适用于各种多幅度PAM信号系统。例如，PAM4、PAM8和PAM16等。为了便于理解和说明，本发明实施例仅以PAM4为例，对根据本发明实施例的生成信号的方法进行说明。
应理解，在本发明实施例中，编号“第一”、“第二”仅仅为了区分不同的对象，例如，为了区分不同的PAM信号或不同的电平幅度，不应对本发明实施例的保护范围构成任何限定。
图1示出了根据本发明实施例的生成信号的方法100的示意性交互图，如图1所示，该方法100包括：
101、信号发送端设备向信号接收端设备发送第一PAM信号。
具体地，第一PAM信号包括N个第一电平幅度，N≥3。例如，当N＝4时，第一PAM信号即为PAM4信号。又例如，当N＝8时，第一PAM 信号为PAM8信号。
可以理解的是，当N＝2时，PAM信号包括两个电平幅度，不涉及电平幅度非等间隔分布的问题，因此，根据本发明实施例的生成非等间隔分布的多幅度PAM信号的方法中，N的最小取值为3。
在本发明实施例中，第一PAM信号包括的N个第一电平幅度可以是等间隔分布的，也可以是非等间隔分布的。
需要说明的是，信号发送端设备发送给信号接收端设备的第一PAM信号，可以通过现有技术的方法生成，为了简洁，此处不作说明。
应理解，第一PAM信号与第二PAM信号所包括的电平的个数是相等的。即就是说，根据本发明实施例的生成信号的方法，如果要生成非等间隔分布的PAM信号(为了便于区分和说明，记作PAM信号#1)，首先，信号发送端设备需要生成一个包括同样个数电平幅度的PAM信号(为了便于区分和说明，记作PAM信号#2)，并将PAM信号#2信号发送给信号接收端设备。其后，信号发送端设备通过将PAM信号#2反馈给信号接收端设备，以使信号发送端设备对PAM信号#2进行调节(或者说，优化)，并最终生成PAM信号#1。由于信号发送端设备对PAM信号#2进行调节的过程，也就是确定PAM信号#1的各电平幅度的过程，因此，最终生成的PAM信号#1的各个电平幅度的具体量值是知道的。即，根据本发明实施例的生成信号的方法，可以生成各电平幅度的具体量值已知的非等间隔分布的PAM信号。
102、信号接收端设备根据第一PAM信号确定反馈参数。
在本发明实施例中，信号接收端设备确定反馈参数，包括两种情 况。
情况1
确定第一PAM信号包括的N个第一电平幅度对应的N个第一电平的平均功率P和消光比ER。
需要说明的是，平均功率P为PAM信号所包括的多个电平的功率的均值。消光比ER为第一PAM信号所包括的N个第一电平中最高电平的电平功率与最低电平的电平功率的比值。
例如，将PAM4信号所包括的4个电平信号的功率从小到大依次记作P0、P1、P2和P3，那么，P＝(P0+P1+P2+P3)/4，ER就可以表示为ER＝P3/P0。又例如，将PAM8信号所包括的8个电平信号的功率从小到大依次记作P0、P1、P2.....P7，那么，P＝(P0+P1+....+P7)/8，ER就可以表示为ER＝P7/P0。
信号接收端设备可以通过对接收的第一PAM信号进行检测，得到第一PAM信号的平均功率和ER。
情况2
确定第一PAM信号包括的N个第一电平的功率中的最大电平功率和最小电平功率。
具体地说，信号接收端设备在确定最大功率(即，最大电平功率)和最小功率(即，最小电平功率)时，可以采用现有技术进行确定，为了简洁，此处不作赘述。例如，信号接收端设备在接收信号发送端设备发送的第一PAM信号的时段内，可以通过高速的光电二极管(Photo Diode，PD)对第一PAM信号进行检测，检测得到最大功率 和最小功率。
103、信号发送端设备接收信号接收端设备发送的反馈参数。
具体地说，信号发送端设备在接收信号接收端设备发送的反馈参数时，可以包括多种方式。例如，信号接收端设备可以基于系统的预设约定，接收到PAM信号就进行反馈。或者，信号接收端设备也可以是在接收到信号发送端设备的上报请求后，再向信号发送端设备上报反馈参数。本发明实施例对此不作特别限定。
104、信号发送端设备根据反馈参数，确定N个目标电平幅度。
应理解，此处的N个目标电平幅度是指信号发送端设备需要最终生成的PAM信号的N个电平幅度。即，第二PAM信号的N个电平幅度。
可选地，作为一个实施例，信号发送端设备根据该反馈参数确定N个目标电平幅度，包括：
信号发送端设备根据该反馈参数和预设参数，生成N个参考电平幅度；
信号发送端设备确定该N个参考电平幅度中每两个相邻的参考电平幅度之间的品质因数，得到(N-1)个品质因数；
当该(N-1)个品质因数中任意两个品质因数之间的差值小于或等于预设阈值时，该信号发送端设备将该N个参考电平幅度确定为该N个目标电平幅度
以下，对本发明实施例中确定目标电平幅度的具体过程进行详细说明。
为了便于理解，首先，结合图2，以PAM4信号为例，对本发明实 施例中的各个参量进行简单介绍。
图2示出了根据本发明实施例的多幅度PAM信号的示意图。如图2所示，PAM4信号包括4个电平(或者说4个电平幅度)，该4个电平的功率由小到大依次为P0、P1、P2和P3。P为该4个功率的平均功率。其中，消光比ER表示PAM4信号包括的4个电平所对应的功率中最大功率与最小功率的比值。
在多幅度PAM信号传输过程中，每两个相邻的电平之间的串扰程度，可以用其功率的比值(即，PAM信号构成的眼图中子眼睛的消光比)来进行衡量。“子眼睛”张开的越大，且眼图越端正，表示码间串扰越小。反之，则表示码间串扰越大。
例如，P1和P0之间的消光比为er1，P2和P1之间的消光比为er2。
根据上述对于各个参量的说明可知，各个参量之间具有以下关系式：
P＝(P0+P1+P2+P3)/4        (1)
ER＝P3/P0                 (2)
er1＝P1/P0                  (3)
er2＝P2/P1                  (4)
er3＝P3/P2                  (5)
ER＝er1×er2×er3            (6)
基于上述各个参量之间的关系，可知P与P0之间的关系可以表示为：P0＝4×P/(1+er1+ER/ER+er3)。
下面结合图3，详细说明如何确定目标电平幅度。
应理解，在本发明实施例中，目标电平幅度即为系统确定的符合当前网络状态的最优PAM信号所包括的多个电平幅度。换句话说，确定了一个非等间隔分布的多幅度PAM信号所包括的各个电平幅度的具体量值，也就确定了一个非等间隔分布的多幅度PAM信号。
下面结合图3，详细说明确定目标电平幅度的流程。
图3示出了确定非等间隔分布的PAM4信号的电平幅度的流程图。如图3所示，信号发送端设备确定目标电平幅度的过程主要包括如下步骤：
(1)获取反馈参数。
具体地，信号发送端设备可以接收信号接收端设备反馈的P和ER。或，信号发送端设备可以接收信号接收端设备反馈的P3和P0。
(2)设定预设参数。
如果信号接收端设备向信号发送端设备上报的是P和ER，那么，信号接收端设备可以设定P0、P1、P2和P3、er1、er2和er3中任意两个参数的值。即为该7个参数中的任意两个参数设定初始值。
具体地，在设定初始值的过程中，如果是设定er1、er2和er3的初始值，应使得设定的初始值小于ER。如果是设定P0、P1、P2和P3的初始值，应使得设定的P0、P1的量值小于P，设定的P2和P3的量值大于P。
应理解，上述预设参数之间满足的大小关系可以作为一种优选的方式。由于本发明实施例的生成信号的方法，是为了生成非等间隔分布的PAM信号，并且，当电平幅度升高时，电平幅度之间的间隔也应增大，才能使得相邻电平之间的Q值不会降低。因此，各个电平幅度 之间的间隔应随着电平幅度之间的间隔而增大，优先将各电平幅度设定为平均位置，可以更加快速地确定目标电平幅度的量值。
如果信号接收端设备反馈的是最大功率P3和最小功率P0，那么，信号接收端设备可以设定er1、er2和er3中任意两个参数的值。
例如，信号发送端设备设定er1和er3的初始值。根据关系式(1)至(5)可知，P1＝P0×er1，P2＝P3/er3，因此，信号发送端设备可以计算到P0、P1、P2和P3的具体量值。
可以理解的是，在本发明实施中，信号发送端设备具体可以将哪些参数设定为预设参数，可以根据信号接收端设备发送的反馈参数而定。
例如，当反馈参数为平均功率和消光比ER时，根据上述关系式(1)至(5)可知，关系式(1)至(5)组成的方程组中包括5个方程，7个参数，分别为P0、P1、P2和P3、er1、er2和er3(因为，P和ER已知)。要计算得到P0、P1、P2和P3的值，实际上只要从上述的7个参数中任意选择2个参数，设定其初始值，即会得到一个包括5个方程、5个参数的方程组。此时，方程组有唯一解。因此，在反馈参数为平均功率P和消光比ER的情况下，预设参数可以为上述P0、P1、P2和P3、er1、er2和er37个参数中的任意两个。
又例如，当反馈参数为最大功率P3和最小功率P0时，根据上述关系式(1)至(5)可知，P1＝P0×er1，P2＝P3/er3，由于P3和P0已知，只需将er1和er3设定为预设参数，并设定其初始值，即可计算得到P0、P1、P2和P3的具体量值。
上述仅以PAM4为例，详细说明了如何根据反馈参数和预设参数计算PAM4信号的各个电平的功率的过程。对于其它幅度的PAM信号，如，PAM8、PAM16等，计算的过程都是类似的，为了简洁，这里不再赘述。
(3)根据反馈参数和预设参数计算参考电平幅度。
信号发送端设备设定预设参数的初始值之后，可以根据前文所述的关系式(1)至(5)，计算得到各个参考电平对应的功率P0、P1、P2和P3。
需要说明的是，可以通过计算PAM信号所包括的各个电平的功率确定各个电平的幅度的具体量值。确定了PAM信号的各个电平的功率，即确定了PAM信号的各个电平的幅度，也就确定了一个PAM信号。
如前文所述，计算参考电平幅度(或者说，计算参考电平的功率)时，信号接收端设备既可以向信号发送端设备反馈第一PAM信号的平均功率P和消光比ER。或者，也可以反馈最大功率和最小功率。信号发送端设备根据信号发送端设备发送的反馈参数，都可以计算得到P0、P1、P2和P3。
应理解，此处，P0、P1、P2和P3可以对应本发明实施例中的参考电平幅度。信号发送端设备通过对参考电平的调整，可以得到目标电平幅度。
(4)计算每两个相邻的电平幅度之间的品质因数Q1、Q2和Q3。
信号发送端设备计算每两个相邻的电平幅度之间的Q值。以PAM4为例，参考电平幅度为4个，计算每两个相邻幅度之间的Q值， 得到3个Q值。即，分别为Q1、Q2和Q3。
可以理解的是，Q值的个数与PAM信号所包括的电平幅度的个数相对应。例如，PAM8包括8个电平幅度，每两个相邻的电平幅度之间计算得到1个Q值，因此，计算得到的Q值为7个。同理，PAM16，计算得到的Q值为15个。
需要说明的是，在本发明实施中，相邻的两个电平幅度是指电平的幅度上的相邻。例如，如果PAM4信号的4个电平的幅度分别为A1、A2、A3和A4，且满足0<A1<A2<A3<A4，则，A1和A2为相邻的电平幅度，A2、A3为相邻的电平幅度，A3和A4为相邻的电平幅度。
(5)确定Q1、Q2和Q3相互之间的差值是否小于预设阈值。
信号发送端设备对计算得到的多个Q值进行判断。确定每两个Q值之间的差值是否小于或等于预设阈值(即，图3中的预设条件)。
应理解，在本发明实施例中，预设阈值是信号发送端设备设定的一个极小的参照量。当Q1、Q2和Q3相互之间的差值的绝对值小于或等于该参照量时，信号发送端设备此时输出的PAM信号为当前链路的最优信号。
(6)如果Q1、Q2和Q3相互之间的差值小于或等于预设阈值，将P0、P1、P2和P3确定为目标电平幅度。
当Q1、Q2和Q3相互之间的差值的绝对值小于或等于预设阈值时，将P0、P1、P2和P3确定为目标电平幅度。即，信号发送端设备输出第二PAM4信号，该第二PAM4信号包括的4个电平的功率分别为P0、P1、P2和P3。
(7)如果Q1、Q2和Q3相互之间的差值大于预设阈值，重新设定预设参数。
应理解，如果Q1、Q2和Q3相互之间的差值大于预设阈值，说明参考电平幅度P0、P1、P2和P3组成的眼图的Q值不是最佳。因此，需要重新设定预设参数的初始值，并基于重新设定的预设参数计算得到一组新的参考电平幅度。并重复上述流程中的步骤(2)至(5)，直至得到满足预设阈值的一组参考电平幅度。重新设定预设参数后的计算过程与上述(2)至(5)相同，此处不再赘述。
应理解，由于上述关系式(1)至(5)中的参数P和ER可以通过信号接收端的上报获得，因此，关系式(1)至(5)中共有7个参数，分别为P0、P1、P2、P3、er1、er2和er3。即，7个参数，5个方程式。要使上述的5个方程式构成的方程组有唯一解，只要使方程的个数与未知参数的个数相等即可。因此，只要设定为P0、P1、P2、P3、er1、er2和er3共7个参数中的任意两个参数设定初始值，再通过上述关系式(1)至(5)和P、ER，信号发送端设备就可以获得上述4个功率P0、P1、P2和P3的具体量值。
获取到P0、P1、P2和P3的具体量值以后，可以计算每两个相邻的电平的功率(例如，P1和P0，P2和P1以及P3和P2)之间的Q值。并在Q值之间的差值小于或等于预设阈值，生成非等间隔分布的第二PAM信号。
具体地，Q值的计算需要根据接收器件雪光光电二极管光接收次组件(Avalanche Photo Diode-Receiver Optical Subassembly， APD-ROSA)的工作参数计算得到。
下面结合图4，对APD-ROSA的工作模型以及如何根据APD-ROSA的工作参数计算得到每两个相邻电平之间的Q值进行详细说明。
图4示出了APD-ROSA器件的模型。如图4所示，对于APD-ROSA(以下，简称为APD)来说，APD的噪声主要来源与APD的散粒噪声、APD体暗电流噪声、APD表面暗电流噪声和跨阻放大器(Trans-Impedance Amplifier，TIA)的热噪声。
基于图4所示的APD器件模型，通过关系式(7)可以计算出对于不同信号强度的光信号，APD所产生的噪声电流sk为：
Figure PCTCN2016102741-appb-000001
其中，关系式(7)中各个参量的物理意义如下：
ish,m＝M×Pk×R为信号功率为Pk的光信号经APD产生的信号电流，
id,m为APD的体暗电流，
id,n为APD的表面暗电流，in,TIA为TIA的噪声，
Figure PCTCN2016102741-appb-000002
为ROSA内Post Amplifier的噪声。
其中，q为电子电荷电子电量常数。M为APD的倍增因子，F为APD过量噪声因子，R为APD的本征响应度，BWn为APD的带宽，nLA为前置放大器(英文译文可以为：Post Amplifier)的等效输入噪声电 压，Rf为前置放大器的参考电阻。
其中，M、F、R、BWn、nLA和Rf等参数均是APD器件的固有特性，可以从APD器件的参数列表中获取。
结合关系式(7)，相邻两个电平之间的Q值可以通过关系式(8)计算得到。
Figure PCTCN2016102741-appb-000003
在(8)式中，ik表示多幅度PAM信号第k个电平的信号电流，sk表示第k个电平的噪声电流。
根据前文描述可知，信号发送端设备在计算得到PAM信号的各个电平的功率之后，可以根据关系式(7)获得各个电平的噪声电流，并根据关系式(8)计算得到Q1、Q2和Q3的值。
105、信号发送端设备根据该N个目标电平幅度，生成第二PAM信号。
根据N个目标电平幅度，生成第二PAM信号，即是将确定的N个目标电平幅度作为第二PAM信号的各个电平幅度。
图5示出了本发明实施例的生成信号的方法在PON网络中的应用的示意图。如图5所示，光线路终端(Optical Line Terminal，OLT)包括光发射次模块(Transmitter Optical Sub-Assembly，TOSA)、光接收次模块(Receiver Optical Subassembly，ROSA)、驱动程序(Driver，简称可以为DRV)，发射端物理层运行有PAM信号非等间隔控制算法，用于对OLT输出的PAM信号进行调整(或者说，对PAM信号构成的眼图进行调整)，以生成非等间隔分布的PAM信号。光网络单元(Optical  Network Unit，ONU)包括TOSA、ROSA和PAM信号接收端物理层。在PON网络中，ONU端检测接收到的PAM信号的平均功率P和消光比ER，并将此信息上报给OLT。OLT根据ONU上报的P和ER信息，通过非等间隔发射控制算法，对多幅度PAM信号的幅度进行调节，实现非等间隔PAM信号输出。由于ONU检测到的P和ER是PAM信号在网络中传输后的真实信息，因此，OLT据此信息对信号进行优化处理，可以实现最优PAM信号输出。
需要说明的是，此处的非等间隔控制算法可对应根据本发明实施例中根据反馈参数和预设参数确定目标电平幅度的过程。
可选地，作为一个实施例，信号发送端设备在获取反馈参数之前，该方法还包括：
信号发送端设备向信号接收端设备发送上报请求，该上报请求用于指示该信号接收端设备上报反馈参数。
在本发明实施例中，信号接收端设备向信号发送端设备发送反馈参数可以是预先约定的，也可以是信号接收端设在接收到信号发送端的上报请求后，基于该上报请求向信号发送端设备发送反馈参数。
在本发明实施例中，信号接收端设备通过将接收到的第一PAM信号的信息(即，反馈参数)反馈给信号发送端设备，使得信号发送端设备可以根据反馈参数计算得到第二PAM信号。即在生成非等间隔分布的PAM信号(即，第二PAM信号)的同时，能够确定第二PAM信号的各个电平幅度的具体量值。
在本发明实施例中，对于PON网络，具体地，有两种网络形式， 即，广播式网络和非广播式网络。
以下对本发明实施例的生成信号的方法，分别在广播式网络和非广播式网络中的应用进行说明。
广播式网络
对于广播式网络，OLT(即，信号发送端设备的一例)会将第一PAM信号发送给网络中的所有ONU(即，信号接收端设备的一例)用户。相对应地，网络中的每个ONU用户都会向OLT发送反馈参数。假设网络中有M个ONU用户，M≥2。那么，对于OLT而言，就会接收到M组反馈参数。如果，ONU用户发送给OLT的反馈参数为平均功率P和消光比ER，那么，OLT需要从该M组反馈参数中选择P值最小的一组参数，对第一PAM信号进行调整和优化，以生成第二PAM信号。
可以理解的是，当平均功率P值最小的一组参数对应的ONU(为了便于描述，记作OUN#1)能够接收到OLT发送的PAM信号时，网络中其它的OUN用户也可以接收到OLT发送的PAM信号。
非广播式网络
对于非广播式网络，OLT需要将特定的PAM信号发送给特定的ONU用户。不同ONU用户之间PAM信号的发送是时分复用的。换句话说，在每一个时段，OLT只发送一个PAM信号给特定的ONU用户。
可以理解的是，OLT给每一个OUN发送PAM信号时，需要根据每个ONU用户的反馈参数，对PAM信号进行调整和优化，并发送给对应的ONU用户。
以下，结合图6和图7，对OLT和ONU之间信息交互的流程进行说 明。
图6示出了OLT和ONU的示意性交互图的一例。如图6所示，OLT和ONU之间信息交互的流程主要包括步骤301至步骤305。
301、ONU已注册成功。
应理解，在PON网络中，一个OUN用户在工作之前，首先需要注册到一个PON网络中。
302、OLT向ONU发送上报请求。
在本发明实施例中，ONU需要将接收到的PAM信号的信息反馈给OLT。在具体的实现过程中，OLT可以首先在下行的运营管理与维护(Operation Administration and Maintenance，OAM)消息或多点控制协议(Multi-Point Control Protocol，MPCP)消息中携带要求ONU上报其接收到的平均光功率和消光比(或者，也可以上报最大光功率值和最小光功率值)。该消息中至少包括ONU标识、消光比ER和平均光功率三个信息字段。
应理解，ONU标识用于指示PON网络中需要上报反馈参数的ONU。
303、OLT向ONU发送PAM信号#1。
应理解，此处的PAM信号#1是OLT在调整眼图之前发送给ONU用户的多幅度PAM信号，以便于ONU用户将接收到的PAM信号#1的信息(例如，平均功率和消光比，最大功率值和最小功率值等)进行反馈，以对PAM信号#1的各个参量值进行优化。
应理解，步骤302和步骤303之间并没有顺序之分，不应对本发明 实施例的生成信号的方法的保护范围构成任何限定。例如，也可以先执行步骤303，后执行步骤302。
304、ONU向OLT发送请求响应消息，该请求响应消息中携带反馈参数。
305、OLT调整眼图后工作。
具体地说，OLT根据步骤304中ONU上报的反馈参数，对PAM信号#1的各参量(例如，电平幅度或相邻电平幅度之间的消光比)进行调整(或者说，优化)，确定此时的工作状态，并输出PAM信号#2。
应理解，调整后的电平幅度的量值即确定为PAM信号#2所包括的各个电平幅度的量值。
图7示出了OLT和ONU的示意性交互图又一例。如图7所示，OLT和ONU之间信息交互的流程主要包括步骤401至步骤403。
401、ONU在注册过程中，OLT向ONU发送开窗。
根据前文所述可知，ONU在工作之前，首先需要注册到PON网路中。为了便于理解和说明，假设正在注册过程中的ONU为ONU#1。那么，在ONU#1注册过程中，OLT会向网络中的所有的ONU发送开窗(英文译文可以为：Discovery Gate)，OLT发送开窗用于指示ONU#1以外的其它ONU在该开窗对应的时段内停止反馈参数的上报，使得在开窗对应的时段内仅用于ONU#1的上报。
402、OLT向ONU发送请求响应消息，该请求响应消息中携带反馈参数。
应理解，ONU#1在注册成功以后，就可以接收到OLT发送的多幅 度PAM信号，并对接收到的多幅度PAM信号的信息(例如，平均功率和消光比，最大功率值和最小功率值等)进行上报，以便于OLT根据ONU#1上报的信息对多幅度PAM信号进行调整和优化，并输出调整后的PAM信号。
403、OLT调整眼图后工作
可以理解的是，OLT根据ONU#1上报的信息对PAM信号进行优化，并输出。
根据本发明实施例的生成信号的方法，可以提高PAM信号的Q因子，降低系统的BER，最终改善系统的接收灵敏度，提高系统的功率预算。
应理解，上述图6和图7中的OLT为信号发送端设备的一例，ONU为信号接收端设备的一例。
在本发明实施例中，信号接收端设备通过将接收到的第一PAM信号的信息(即，反馈参数)反馈给信号发送端设备，使得信号发送端设备可以根据反馈参数计算得到第二PAM信号。即在生成非等间隔分布的PAM信号(即，第二PAM信号)的同时，能够确定第二PAM信号的各个电平幅度的具体量值。
以上结合图1至图7，对根据本发明实施例的生成信号的方法进行了详细说明。以下，结合图8和图9，对根据本发明实施例的信号发送端设备和信号接收端设备进行说明。
图8示出了根据本发明实施例的信号发送端设备500的示意性框图。如图8所示，该信号发送端设备500包括：
发送单元510，用于向信号接收端设备发送第一PAM信号，所述第一PAM信号包括N个第一电平幅度，N≥3；
接收单元520，用于接收该信号接收端设备发送的反馈参数，该反馈参数是该信号接收端设备根据该第一PAM信号确定的；
处理单元530，用于根据该反馈参数确定N个目标电平幅度，该N个目标电平幅度中每两个相邻的目标电平幅度之间的间隔相异；
处理单元530还用于根据该N个目标电平幅度生成需要发送至该信号接收端设备的第二PAM信号。
根据本发明实施例的信号发送端设备500中的各单元和上述其它操作或功能分别为了实现方法100中由信号发送端设备执行的相应流程。为了简洁，此处不再赘述。
因此，在本发明实施例中，信号接收端设备通过将接收到的第一PAM信号的信息(即，反馈参数)反馈给信号发送端设备，使得信号发送端设备可以根据反馈参数计算得到第二PAM信号。即在生成非等间隔分布的PAM信号(即，第二PAM信号)的同时，能够确定第二PAM信号的各个电平幅度的具体量值。
图9示出了根据本发明实施例的信号接收端设备600的示意性框图。如图9所示，该信号接收端设备600包括：
接收单元610，用于信号发送端设备发送的第一PAM信号，该第一PAM信号包括N个第一电平幅度，N≥3；
处理单元620，用于根据该第一PAM信号确定反馈参数；
发送单元630，用于该信号发送端设备发送该反馈参数，以便于 该信号发送端设备根据该反馈参数确定N个目标电平幅度，并根据该N个目标电平生成需要发送至该信号接收端设备的第二PAM信号，其中，该N个目标电平幅度中每两个相邻的目标电平幅度之间的间隔相异。
根据本发明实施例的信号接收端设备600中的各单元和上述其它操作或功能分别为了实现方法100中由信号接收端设备执行的相应流程。为了简洁，此处不再赘述。
因此，在本发明实施例中，信号接收端设备通过将接收到的第一PAM信号的信息(即，反馈参数)反馈给信号发送端设备，使得信号发送端设备可以根据反馈参数计算得到第二PAM信号。即在生成非等间隔分布的PAM信号(即，第二PAM信号)的同时，能够确定第二PAM信号的各个电平幅度的具体量值。
以上结合图1至图7，对根据本发明实施例的生成信号的方法进行了详细说明。以下，结合图10和图11，对根据本发明实施例的信号发送端设备和信号接收端设备进行说明。
图10是根据本发明实施例的信号发送端设备700的示意性结构图。如图10所示，该信号发送端设备700包括：接收器710、发送器720、处理器730、存储器740和总线系统770。其中，接收器710、发送器720、处理器730和存储器740通过总线系统770相连，该存储器740用于存储指令，该处理器730用于执行该存储器740存储的指令，以控制接收器710接收信号，并控制发送器720发送信号，其中，
发送器720，用于向信号接收端设备发送第一PAM信号，该第一 PAM信号包括N个第一电平幅度，N≥3；
接收器710，用于接收该信号接收端设备发送的反馈参数，该反馈参数是该信号接收端设备根据该第一PAM信号确定的；
处理器730，用于根据该反馈参数确定N个目标电平幅度，该N个目标电平幅度中每两个相邻的目标电平幅度之间的间隔相异；
处理器730还用于根据该N个目标电平幅度生成需要发送至该信号接收端设备的第二PAM信号。
应理解，在本发明实施例中，该处理器730可以是中央处理单元(central processing unit，简称为“CPU”)，该处理器730还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。
该存储器740可以包括只读存储器和随机存取存储器，并向处理器730提供指令和数据。存储器740的一部分还可以包括非易失性随机存取存储器。例如，存储器740还可以存储设备类型的信息。
该总线系统770除包括数据总线之外，还可以包括电源总线、控制总线和状态信号总线等。但是为了清楚说明起见，在图中将各种总线都标为总线系统770。
在实现过程中，上述方法的各步骤可以通过处理器730中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。结合本发明实施例所公开的生成信号的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件处理器执行完成，或者 用处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器，闪存、只读存储器，可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器740，处理器730读取存储器740中的信息，结合其硬件完成上述方法的步骤。为避免重复，这里不再详细描述。
根据本发明实施例的信号发送端设备700中的各单元和上述其它操作或功能分别为了执行方法100中由信号发送端设备执行的相应流程。为了简洁，此处不再赘述。
因此，在本发明实施例中，信号接收端设备通过将接收到的第一PAM信号的信息(即，反馈参数)反馈给信号发送端设备，使得信号发送端设备可以根据反馈参数计算得到第二PAM信号。即在生成非等间隔分布的PAM信号(即，第二PAM信号)的同时，能够确定第二PAM信号的各个电平幅度的具体量值。
图11是根据本发明实施例的信号接收端设备800的示意性结构图。如图11所示，该信号接收端设备800包括：接收器810、发送器820、处理器830、存储器840和总线系统880。其中，接收器810、发送器820、处理器830和存储器840通过总线系统880相连，该存储器840用于存储指令，该处理器830用于执行该存储器840存储的指令，以控制接收器810接收信号，并控制发送器820发送信号，其中，
接收器810用于接收信号发送端设备发送的第一PAM信号，该第一PAM信号包括N个第一电平幅度，N≥3；
处理器830，用于根据该第一PAM信号确定反馈参数；
发送器820，用于向该信号发送端设备发送该反馈参数，以便于该信号发送端设备根据该反馈参数确定N个目标电平幅度，并根据该N个目标电平生成需要发送至该信号接收端设备的第二PAM信号，其中，该N个目标电平幅度中每两个相邻的目标电平幅度之间的间隔相异。
应理解，在本发明实施例中，该处理器830可以是中央处理单元(central processing unit，简称为“CPU”)，该处理器830还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。
该存储器840可以包括只读存储器和随机存取存储器，并向处理器830提供指令和数据。存储器840的一部分还可以包括非易失性随机存取存储器。例如，存储器840还可以存储设备类型的信息。
该总线系统880除包括数据总线之外，还可以包括电源总线、控制总线和状态信号总线等。但是为了清楚说明起见，在图中将各种总线都标为总线系统880。
在实现过程中，上述方法的各步骤可以通过处理器830中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。结合本发明实施例所公开的生成信号的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件处理器执行完成，或者用处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器，闪存、只读存储器，可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程 存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器840，处理器830读取存储器840中的信息，结合其硬件完成上述方法的步骤。为避免重复，这里不再详细描述。
根据本发明实施例的信号接收端设备800中的各单元和上述其它操作或功能分别为了执行方法100中由信号接收端设备执行的相应流程。为了简洁，此处不再赘述。
因此，在本发明实施例中，信号接收端设备通过将接收到的第一PAM信号的信息(即，反馈参数)反馈给信号发送端设备，使得信号发送端设备可以根据反馈参数计算得到第二PAM信号。即在生成非等间隔分布的PAM信号(即，第二PAM信号)的同时，能够确定第二PAM信号的各个电平幅度的具体量值。
应理解，在本发明的各种实施例中，上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本发明实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本发明的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实 施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本发明各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。
所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本发明的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本发明各个实 施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(ROM，Read-Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM，Random Access Memory)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种生成信号的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    信号发送端设备向信号接收端设备发送第一PAM信号，所述第一PAM信号包括N个第一电平幅度，N≥3；
    所述信号发送端设备接收所述信号接收端设备发送的反馈参数，所述反馈参数是所述信号接收端设备根据所述第一PAM信号确定的；
    所述信号发送端设备根据所述反馈参数确定N个目标电平幅度，所述N个目标电平幅度中每两个相邻的目标电平幅度之间的间隔相异；
    所述信号发送端设备根据所述N个目标电平幅度生成需要发送至所述信号接收端设备的第二PAM信号。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述信号发送端设备根据所述反馈参数确定N个目标电平幅度，包括：
    所述信号发送端设备根据所述反馈参数和预设参数，生成N个参考电平幅度；
    所述信号发送端设备确定所述N个参考电平幅度中每两个相邻的参考电平幅度之间的品质因数，得到(N-1)个品质因数；
    当所述(N-1)个品质因数中任意两个品质因数之间的差值小于或等于预设阈值时，所述信号发送端设备将所述N个参考电平幅度确定为所述N个目标电平幅度。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述信号发送端设备接收所述信号接收端设备发送的反馈参数之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述信号发送端设备向所述信号接收端设备发送上报请求，所述上报请求用于指示所述信号接收端设备上报所述反馈参数。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述方法，其特征在于，所述方法应用于广播式网络，所述广播式网络中包括至少两个信号接收端设备，以及
    所述信号发送端设备向信号接收端设备发送第一PAM信号，包括：
    所述信号发送端设备向所述至少两个信号接收端设备发送所述第一PAM信号；以及
    所述信号发送端设备接收所述信号接收端设备发送的反馈参数，包括：
    所述信号发送端设备接收所述至少两个信号接收端设备发送的至少两个反馈参数，所述至少两个反馈参数与所述至少两个信号接收端设备一一对应；以及
    所述信号发送端设备根据所述反馈参数确定N个目标电平幅度，包括：
    所述信号发送端设备根据所述至少两个反馈参数中的最小值确定所述N个目标电平幅度。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述反馈参数为N个第一电平的平均电平功率和消光比ER，或，所述反馈参数为N个第一电平的最大电平功率和最小电平功率，
    其中，所述N个第一电平与所述N个第一电平幅度一一对应，每个第一电平幅度为对应的第一电平的幅度值。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述N的取值为4，当所述反馈参数为所述平均电平功率和消光比ER时，所述预设参数为所述四个第一电平中每两个相邻电平之间的消光比中的任意两个；或
    当所述反馈参数为所述最大电平功率和最小电平功率时，所述预设参数为所述四个第一电平中每两个相邻电平之间的消光比中的任意两个。
  7. 一种生成信号的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    信号接收端设备接收信号发送端设备发送的第一PAM信号，所述第一PAM信号包括N个第一电平幅度，N≥3；
    所述信号接收端设备根据所述第一PAM信号确定反馈参数；
    所述信号接收端设备向所述信号发送端设备发送所述反馈参数，以便于所述信号发送端设备根据所述反馈参数确定N个目标电平幅度，并根据所述N个目标电平生成需要发送至所述信号接收端设备的第二PAM信号，其中，所述N个目标电平幅度中每两个相邻的目标电平幅度之间的间隔相异。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述信号接收端设备向所述信号发送端设备发送反馈参数之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述信号接收端设备接收所述信号发送端设备发送的上报请求，所述上报请求用于指示所述信号接收端设备上报所述反馈参数；以及
    所述信号发送端设备向所述信号发送端设备发送所述反馈参数，包括：
    所述信号接收端设备基于所述上报请求向所述信号发送端设备发送所述反馈参数。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述反馈参数为N个第一电平的平均电平功率和消光比ER，或，所述反馈参数为N个第一电平的最大电平功率和最小电平功率，
    其中，所述N个第一电平与所述N个第一电平幅度一一对应，每个第一电平幅度为对应的第一电平的幅度值。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述N的取值为4，当所述反馈参数为所述平均电平功率和消光比ER时，所述预设参数为所述四个第一电平中每两个相邻电平之间的消光比中的任意两个；或
    当所述反馈参数为所述最大电平功率和最小电平功率时，所述预设参数为所述四个第一电平中每两个相邻电平之间的消光比中的任意两个。
  11. 一种信号发送端设备，其特征在于，所述装置包括：
    发送单元，用于向信号接收端设备发送第一PAM信号，所述第一PAM信号包括N个第一电平幅度，N≥3；
    接收单元，用于接收所述信号接收端设备发送的反馈参数，所述反馈参数是所述信号接收端设备根据所述第一PAM信号确定的；
    处理单元，用于根据所述反馈参数确定N个目标电平幅度，所述N个目标电平幅度中每两个相邻的目标电平幅度之间的间隔相异；
    所述处理单元还用于根据所述N个目标电平幅度生成需要发送至所述信号接收端设备的第二PAM信号。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的信号发送端设备，其特征在于，所述处理单元具体用于：
    根据所述反馈参数和预设参数，生成N个参考电平幅度；
    确定所述N个参考电平幅度中每两个相邻的参考电平幅度之间的品质因数，得到(N-1)个品质因数；
    当所述(N-1)个品质因数中任意两个品质因数之间的差值小于或等于预设阈值时，将所述N个参考电平幅度确定为所述N个目标电平幅度。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的信号发送端设备，其特征在于，所述接收单元具体用于向所述信号接收端设备发送上报请求，所述上报请求用于指示所述信号接收端设备上报所述反馈参数。
  14. 根据权利要求11至13中任一项所述的信号发送端设备，其特征在于，所述信号发送端设备和所述信号接收端设备配置在广播式网络中，所述广播式网络中包括至少两个信号接收端设备，以及
    所述发送单元具体用于向所述至少两个信号接收端设备发送所述第一PAM信号；以及
    所述接收单元具体用于接收所述至少两个信号接收端设备发送的至少两个反馈参数，所述至少两个反馈参数与所述至少两个信号接收端设备一一对应；以及
    所述处理单元具体用于根据所述至少两个反馈参数中的最小值确定所述N个目标电平幅度。
  15. 根据权利要求11至14中任一项所述的信号发送端设备，其特征在于，所述反馈参数为N个第一电平的平均电平功率和消光比ER，或，所述反馈参数为N个第一电平的最大电平功率和最小电平功率，
    其中，所述N个第一电平与所述N个第一电平幅度一一对应，每个第一电平幅度为对应的第一电平的幅度值。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的信号发送端设备，其特征在于，所述N的取值为4，当所述反馈参数为所述平均电平功率和消光比ER时，所述预设参数为所述四个第一电平中每两个相邻电平之间的消光比中的任意两个；或
    当所述反馈参数为所述最大电平功率和最小电平功率时，所述预设参数为所述四个第一电平中每两个相邻电平之间的消光比中的任意两个。
  17. 一种信号接收端设备，其特征在于，所述信号接收端设备包括：
    接收单元，用于接收信号发送端设备发送的第一PAM信号，所述第一PAM信号包括N个第一电平幅度，N≥3；
    处理单元，用于根据所述第一PAM信号确定反馈参数；
    发送单元，用于向所述信号发送端设备发送所述反馈参数，以便于所述信号发送端设备根据所述反馈参数确定N个目标电平幅度，并根据所述N个目标电平生成需要发送至所述信号接收端设备的第二PAM信号，其中，所述N个目标电平幅度中每两个相邻的目标电平幅度之间的间隔相异。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的信号接收端设备，其特征在于，在所述发送单元向所述信号发送端设备发送所述反馈参数之前，所述接收单元具体用于接收所述信号发送端设备发送的上报请求，所述上报请求用于指示所述信号接收端设备上报所述反馈参数；以及
    所述发送单元具体用于基于所述上报请求向所述信号发送端设备发送所述反馈参数。
  19. 根据权利要求17或18所述的信号接收端设备，其特征在于，所述反馈参数为N个第一电平的平均电平功率和消光比ER，或，所述反馈参数为N个第一电平的最大电平功率和最小电平功率，
    其中，所述N个第一电平与所述N个第一电平幅度一一对应，每个第一电平幅度为对应的第一电平的幅度值。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的信号接收端设备，其特征在于，所述N的取值为4，当所述反馈参数为所述平均电平功率和消光比ER 时，所述预设参数为所述四个第一电平中每两个相邻电平之间的消光比中的任意两个；或
    当所述反馈参数为所述最大电平功率和最小电平功率时，所述预设参数为所述四个第一电平中每两个相邻电平之间的消光比中的任意两个。
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