WO2017192107A1 - A hinge cell for beam to column connection - Google Patents

A hinge cell for beam to column connection Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017192107A1
WO2017192107A1 PCT/TR2016/050137 TR2016050137W WO2017192107A1 WO 2017192107 A1 WO2017192107 A1 WO 2017192107A1 TR 2016050137 W TR2016050137 W TR 2016050137W WO 2017192107 A1 WO2017192107 A1 WO 2017192107A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plate
protrusions
column
column plate
construction
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/TR2016/050137
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Haluk SUCUOGLU
Original Assignee
Sucuoglu Haluk
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sucuoglu Haluk filed Critical Sucuoglu Haluk
Priority to EP16731685.0A priority Critical patent/EP3262245B1/en
Priority to PCT/TR2016/050137 priority patent/WO2017192107A1/en
Publication of WO2017192107A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017192107A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
    • E04H9/024—Structures with steel columns and beams

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to a beam to column joint to be used in the frame construction of buildings or other structures that are subject to seismic loads.
  • the present invention is a hinge cell providing a beam to column connection absorbing the seismic loads in the plastic state which prevents damage in building frames during earthquakes.
  • Seismic isolation systems and isolation devices Transfer of seismic forces from the ground to the building foundation is prevented, or limited during seismic shaking by forming a soft interface layer underneath the building structure.
  • a special isolation interface has to be constructed for this purpose that is composed of isolation devices.
  • Seismic isolation systems and isolation devices are very expensive. Seismic isolation is implemented effectively only for low and mid-rise buildings (maximum 10 stories) with fundamental vibration periods less than 1 second. Usually one device is employed for each column at the ground story. An additional isolation story should be constructed, which is about the height of a normal story. Each device costs about 5,000. USD, which increases the construction cost considerably. The devices should be ordered to a manufacturer after the design project is prepared. This timing increases the construction duration since construction waits until the devices are produced and delivered to the site.
  • Energy dissipation systems passive energy dissipation devices, viscous fluid dampers, viscoelastic solid dampers, friction dampers, and metallic dampers, buckling restrained braces-BRB, added damping and stiffness dampers-ADAS: these devices are replaced in stories between the adjacent floors of the building. When interstory drift deformations occur during the earthquake, they dissipate energy as a function of relative velocity or relative displacement of the stories that they are located, hence they reduce the response of the building structure to earthquake ground shaking.
  • Energy dissipation systems impose serious constraints to building architecture.
  • Energy dissipation braces block view and access since they are usually located diagonally in the open bays of a building throughout the story height. They are effective only in flexible steel buildings whereas their effectiveness is very limited in concrete buildings. Accordingly, implementation of these devices in concrete buildings had been very limited.
  • Structural members at the connection points of energy dissipating braces should be made very rigid, which is an additional constraint. They do not ensure an undamaged system under an earthquake, but they only help reduce deformations, hence reduce the consequent damage slightly. All of the products are custom made and have high costs.
  • Post tensioned connections Self-centering connection systems have been developed for precast and steel structures.
  • Post tensioned connections can only be implemented to precast concrete and steel structures, but not to conventional concrete structures.
  • Field application is complicated due to post tensioning of all beams in the building which imposes high stresses at the beam flanges. These connections are not an integral part of the building. Additional post tensioning of all beams in both directions increases construction cost significantly.
  • Field application in practice is not known so far.
  • Replaceable links They are used to connect steel beams to columns with a sacrificial steel plate which is weaker than the beam. Energy dissipation is provided by the inelastic deformation of the connection plate. The deformed link element can be replaced after the earthquake.
  • the sacrificial link plate is subjected to combined shear and flexure. When it fails, the connecting beam loses its stability under gravity loads.
  • the entire force exerted to the building during a strong earthquake is absorbed by the present invention mounted to the building. Accordingly, no damage occurs in the structural members of the building. Deformed energy absorbing components are easily removable and replaceable after a strong earthquake.
  • present invention to a concrete, steel and prestressed building system is feasible and identical. Since the application of the present invention is not limited to one type and of the building system, it is more versatile to conventional systems.
  • the present invention do not create any negative visual and aesthetic problems for the building since they are embedded in the structural system and do not alter the architectural appearance of the building at all.
  • Figure 1 is a diagrammatic sectional view of one embodiment of the present invention showing how to fasten the hinge cell to the beam-column connection of the frame of a construction.
  • Figure 2 is a diagrammatic detailed sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention showing rotational axis of the hinge cell.
  • Figure 3 is a diagrammatic sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention showing how to fasten the hinge cell to the frame of a construction.
  • Figure 4 is a diagrammatic detailed sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention showing bi-rotational axis of the hinge cell.
  • the present invention is a hinge cell (1) for beam (B) to column (C) connection providing ground movement protection to a construction by preventing plastic bending on frames of the construction, comprising a beam plate (2) adapted for being mounted from its outer surface to a beam-end; a column plate (3) adapted for being mounted from its outer surface to a column surface; at least two protrusions (5) at least one of which is positioned perpendicularly on the inner surface of the beam plate (2) and at least another of which is positioned perpendicularly on the inner surface of the column plate (3); at least a transverse hole passing through each protrusions (5) where the protrusion (5) on the beam plate (2) and the protrusion (5) on the column plate (3) is positioned that at least a portion of the protrusions (5) is in parallel and side by side so as to align the transverse holes; at least a pin (6) attaching the protrusions (5) though the holes forming a rotatable joint connection between the beam plate (2) and the column plate (3) and at least
  • the hinge cell (1) comprising a beam plate (2) adapted for being mounted from its outer surface to a beam-end; a column plate (3) adapted for being mounted from its outer surface to a column surface; a middle plate (4) positioned between the beam plate (2) and the column plate (3); at least four protrusions (5) at least one of which is positioned perpendicularly on the inner surface of the beam plate (2); at least another of which is positioned perpendicularly on the inner surface of the column plate (3); at least another of which is positioned perpendicularly on each surface of the middle plate (4); at least a transverse hole passing through each protrusions (5) where the protrusions (5) on the inner surface of the beam plate (2) are orthogonal to the protrusions (5) on the inner surface of the column plate (3) and the protrusions (5) on each surface of the middle plate (4) are orthogonal to each other and the protrusions (5) on the inner surface of the beam plate
  • the protrusions (5) on the surface of the middle plate (4), facing with the inner surface of the column plate (3) are positioned that at least a portion of the protrusions (5) is in parallel and side by side parallel so as to align the transverse holes on each protrusions (5); at least a pin (6) attaching the protrusions (5) though the holes forming a rotatable joint connection between the beam plate (2) and middle plate (4), forming another rotatable joint connection between the column plate (3) and middle plate (4) where the axes of the said rotatable joint connections are orthogonal to each other and at least a resistive bar (7) secured between the beam plate (2) and the column plate (3) resisting the rotational motion along the axis orthogonal to the pin
  • the present invention is a hinge cell (1) for beam to column connection.
  • An embodiment of the hinge cell (1) is composed of two rectangular steel plates, preferably of the beam cross section dimensions, and a rotational meansconnecting these two plates from the center of the plate surfaces.
  • one plate hereinafter mentioned as beam plate (2)
  • beam plate (2) is for being attached to the beam end of the construction.
  • the surface of beam plate (2) for being joined to the beam end of the construction will be mentioned as outer surface of the beam plate (2) and the other (opposite) surface of the beam plate (2) will be mentioned as inner surface of the beam plate (2).
  • the other plate hereinafter mentioned as column plate (3), is for being attached to the column face of the construction.
  • the hinge cell (1) can be applied to any kind of frame construction such as concrete, prestressed concrete and steel structures.
  • the plates can be attached to the frame of the construction (to the beam end or to the column face) by any kind of fastening method such as welding or by using any kind of fastening means such as anchor bar, nut and bolt, rivet.
  • the beam plate (2) and the column plate (3) have at least a pilot hole though which a fastener (8) such as an anchor bar attaches the beam plate (2) to the beam end of the construction and the column plate (3) to the column surface of the construction.
  • the pilot hole can have a counterbore or countersink according to the type of the fastener (8).
  • Counterbore is a cylindrical flat-bottomed hole, which enlarges the diameter of an existing pilot hole.
  • Countersink is a conical depression added to an existing hole to accommodate and the conic head of a fastener (8) recessing it below the surface of the plates.
  • the counter bores or the countersinks provide extra place for resistive bars (7) which will be described in the following paragraphs.
  • the beam plate (2) and the column plate (3) are connected to each other with lapped rotation protrusions (5) from the inner faces of the plates ( Figure 1, item 3).
  • at least two protrusion (5) preferably rounded, positioned perpendicularly on the inner surface of the beam plate (2) and the inner surface of the column plate (3).
  • the protrusions (5) can be positioned on the inner surface of the plates by welding or the beam plate (2) and the protrusions (5) can be produced uniformly as a single piece.
  • the protrusion (5) on the beam plate (2) and the protrusion (5) on the column plate (3) is positioned that at least a portion of the protrusions (5) is in parallel and side by side so as to align the transverse holes.
  • the protrusions (5) are secured in their positions with a pin (6) forming a rotatable joint connection and coupling the beam plate (2) and the column plate (3) for rotation. Accordingly, rotational motion of the beam plate (2) and the column plate (3) is accommodated with respect to each other.
  • rotational motion along the axis orthogonal to the pin (6) axis and twist is constrained with the out of plane rigidity of the protrusions (5). However rotation about the pin (6) is not freely permitted.
  • At least a resistive bar (7) is positioned between the inner surface of the beam plate (2) and the inner surface of the column plate (3).
  • the resistive bar (7) resists rotational motion about the pin (6), in other words the resistive bar (7) resists the relative motion of the edge of beam plate (2) with respect to the closer edge of the column plate (3) or vice versa, by their tension and/or compression resistances.
  • M external beam end moment
  • Energy dissipation in the hinge cell (1) is provided by the yielding of the resistive bar (7) in tension and yielding and buckling of the resistive bar (7) in compression during the relative rotation of the plates about the rotation axis (R) through the pin (6).
  • Shear force (V) and axial force (N) in the beam are transmitted to the column basically by the shear stresses on the pin (6) and axial stresses on the protrusions (5).
  • the hinge cell (1) further comprises a middle plate (4) positioned between the beam plate (2) and the column plate (3).
  • the middle plate (4) has at least two protrusions (5) on its both surfaces where at least a transverse hole passing through said protrusions (5).
  • the protrusions (5) on the inner surface of the beam plate (2) are orthogonal to the protrusions (5) on the inner surface of the column plate (3).
  • the protrusions (5) on each surface of the middle plate (4) are also orthogonal to each other.
  • the protrusions (5) on the inner surface of the beam plate (2) and the protrusions (5) on the surface of the middle plate (4), facing with the inner surface of the beam plate (2), are positioned that at least a portion of the protrusions (5) is in parallel and side by sideso as to align the transverse holes on each protrusions (5).
  • a pin (6) attaches the protrusions (5) though the holes forming a rotatable joint connection in one dimension between the beam plate (2) and the middle plate (4).
  • the protrusions (5) on the inner surface of the column plate (3) and the protrusions (5) on the surface of the middle plate (4), facing with the inner surface of the column plate (3) are positioned that at least a portion of the protrusions (5) is in parallel and side by side so as to align the transverse holes on each protrusions (5).
  • the pin (6) attaches the protrusions (5) though the holes forming a rotatable joint connection in a different dimension orthogonal to the said previous dimension between the column plate (3) and the middle plate (4).
  • at least a resistive bar (7) is secured between the beam plate (2) and the middle plate (4), and between middle plate (4) and the column plate (3).
  • the beam plate (2) and the column plate (3) rotate with respect to each other about the two orthogonal axes (see figures 3 and 4) in the plastic state.
  • the hinge cell (1) balances ground movements in different dimensions and is able to protect the construction more effectively.
  • the protrusions (5) are in the form of a circular segment where the chord of the segment is adjacent to the plate surface for the purpose of achieving high durability.
  • the circular segment form of the protrusions (5) can be applied to each embodiment of the hinge cell (1).
  • the protrusions (5) are grouped to form a clevis connection.
  • the grouped protrusions (5) like twin protrusions (5) are positioned on the surface of a plate in parallel and close to each other forming a clevis bracket.
  • a pin (6), forming a clevis pin (6) which can be threaded, partially threaded or unthreaded connects the said grouped protrusions (5) forming the clevis bracket and the said protrusion (5) forming the tang.
  • each connection between the beam plate (2) and the column plate (3) and the middle plate (4) can be made by the one or more said grouped protrusions (5).
  • the beam plate (2) or the column plate (3) or the middle plate (4) can have one or more the said grouped protrusions (5) forming clevis connection and can have one or more the said protrusion (5) forming the tang.
  • the clevis connection form of the protrusions (5) can be applied to each embodiment of the hinge cell (1).
  • the resistive bars (7) are secured on the inner peripheral of the beam plate (2) and/or the column plate (3) and/or middle plate (4).
  • the resistive bars (7) can be secured by welding or by any fastening means.
  • a recess is provided on the inner surface of the plates for positioning the resistive bars (7). Locating the resistive bars (7) at the inner periphery of the plates is for the purpose of providing easy access after a strong ground movement for replacement in the case of excessive residual deformations. In addition to this, thanks to the recess facilitating to mount the resistive bars (7), the resistive bars (7) are easily replaceable.
  • the number of the protrusion (5) is determined along with the connection design.
  • the cross section size of the yielding resistive bar (7) is also calculated by design, and they provide the yield moment (M) and hysteretic energy dissipation of the hinge cell (1).
  • the sizes of the protrusion (5) and the pin (6) are determined in accordance with the design forces and estimated rotations.

Abstract

A hinge cell (1) for beam to column connection, providing ground movement protection to a construction by preventing plastic bending on frames of the construction, comprising a beam plate (2) adapted for being mounted to a beam-end from its outer surface, a column plate (3) adapted for being mounted to a column surface from its outer surface, two protrusions (5) one of which is positioned perpendicularly on the inner surface of the beam plate and another of which is positioned perpendicularly on the inner surface of the column plate where a transverse hole passing through the protrusions, a pin (6) attaching the protrusions though the holes forming a rotatable joint connection between the beam plate and the column plate and a resistive bar (7) secured between the beam plate and the column plate resisting the rotational motion.

Description

A HINGE CELL FOR BEAM TO COLUMN CONNECTION
DESCRIPTION
Technical Field The present invention generally relates to a beam to column joint to be used in the frame construction of buildings or other structures that are subject to seismic loads. In particular, the present invention is a hinge cell providing a beam to column connection absorbing the seismic loads in the plastic state which prevents damage in building frames during earthquakes.
Background
In conventional earthquake resistant designs, a controlled damage is permitted in a building under strong earthquakes for safety reasons. However, this damage is required to occur in the designated locations of the building and in acceptable amount such that it does not lead to total or partial collapse. Although life safety of the building occupants are ensured in conventional seismic design procedures, severe damage that occurs after such a strong earthquake usually renders the building not usable, hence a total economic loss occurs. There are special design procedures and devices which have been developed to prevent the occurrence of these damages at the structural components of the building system.
a) Seismic isolation systems and isolation devices: Transfer of seismic forces from the ground to the building foundation is prevented, or limited during seismic shaking by forming a soft interface layer underneath the building structure. A special isolation interface has to be constructed for this purpose that is composed of isolation devices.
Seismic isolation systems and isolation devices are very expensive. Seismic isolation is implemented effectively only for low and mid-rise buildings (maximum 10 stories) with fundamental vibration periods less than 1 second. Usually one device is employed for each column at the ground story. An additional isolation story should be constructed, which is about the height of a normal story. Each device costs about 5,000. USD, which increases the construction cost considerably. The devices should be ordered to a manufacturer after the design project is prepared. This timing increases the construction duration since construction waits until the devices are produced and delivered to the site. b) Energy dissipation systems (passive energy dissipation devices, viscous fluid dampers, viscoelastic solid dampers, friction dampers, and metallic dampers, buckling restrained braces-BRB, added damping and stiffness dampers-ADAS): these devices are replaced in stories between the adjacent floors of the building. When interstory drift deformations occur during the earthquake, they dissipate energy as a function of relative velocity or relative displacement of the stories that they are located, hence they reduce the response of the building structure to earthquake ground shaking.
Energy dissipation systems impose serious constraints to building architecture. Energy dissipation braces block view and access since they are usually located diagonally in the open bays of a building throughout the story height. They are effective only in flexible steel buildings whereas their effectiveness is very limited in concrete buildings. Accordingly, implementation of these devices in concrete buildings had been very limited. Structural members at the connection points of energy dissipating braces should be made very rigid, which is an additional constraint. They do not ensure an undamaged system under an earthquake, but they only help reduce deformations, hence reduce the consequent damage slightly. All of the products are custom made and have high costs. c) Post tensioned connections: Self-centering connection systems have been developed for precast and steel structures. Beams and columns of the building are connected with post tensioning cables running along the beam axis which are anchored at the exterior column connections. These connections are permitted to open and close, hence form a triangular gap during the earthquake. Post tensioning forces in the cables forces the gap to close during seismic action. Friction based energy dissipation devices located at the top and bottom of the beams along the gap opening locations dissipate energy through a friction mechanism as the gap opens. Common names given to such systems are self-centering friction damped connections (SCFR) or post tensioned energy dissipating connections (PTED), and friction energy dissipaters (FED).
Post tensioned connections can only be implemented to precast concrete and steel structures, but not to conventional concrete structures. Field application is complicated due to post tensioning of all beams in the building which imposes high stresses at the beam flanges. These connections are not an integral part of the building. Additional post tensioning of all beams in both directions increases construction cost significantly. Field application in practice is not known so far. d) Replaceable links: They are used to connect steel beams to columns with a sacrificial steel plate which is weaker than the beam. Energy dissipation is provided by the inelastic deformation of the connection plate. The deformed link element can be replaced after the earthquake.
The sacrificial link plate is subjected to combined shear and flexure. When it fails, the connecting beam loses its stability under gravity loads.
The entire force exerted to the building during a strong earthquake is absorbed by the present invention mounted to the building. Accordingly, no damage occurs in the structural members of the building. Deformed energy absorbing components are easily removable and replaceable after a strong earthquake.
The implementation of present invention to a concrete, steel and prestressed building system is feasible and identical. Since the application of the present invention is not limited to one type and of the building system, it is more versatile to conventional systems. The present invention do not create any negative visual and aesthetic problems for the building since they are embedded in the structural system and do not alter the architectural appearance of the building at all.
Brief Description of the Drawings
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings to be more easily understood and uses thereof will be more readily apparent when considered in view of the detailed description, in which like reference numbers indicate the same or similar elements, and the following figures in which:
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic sectional view of one embodiment of the present invention showing how to fasten the hinge cell to the beam-column connection of the frame of a construction.
Figure 2 is a diagrammatic detailed sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention showing rotational axis of the hinge cell. Figure 3 is a diagrammatic sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention showing how to fasten the hinge cell to the frame of a construction.
Figure 4 is a diagrammatic detailed sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention showing bi-rotational axis of the hinge cell.
The elements illustrated in the figures are numbered as follows:
1. Hinge cell
2. Beam plate
3. Column plate 4. Middle plate
5. Protrusion
6. Pin
7. Resistive bar
8. Fastener
B. Beam of the construction
C. Column of the construction
N. Axial force
V. Shear force
M. Moment
R. Rotation axis
A. Details of the grouped protrusions (twin protrusions) forming the clevis bracket and one protrusion forming the tang) in one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is a hinge cell (1) for beam (B) to column (C) connection providing ground movement protection to a construction by preventing plastic bending on frames of the construction, comprising a beam plate (2) adapted for being mounted from its outer surface to a beam-end; a column plate (3) adapted for being mounted from its outer surface to a column surface; at least two protrusions (5) at least one of which is positioned perpendicularly on the inner surface of the beam plate (2) and at least another of which is positioned perpendicularly on the inner surface of the column plate (3); at least a transverse hole passing through each protrusions (5) where the protrusion (5) on the beam plate (2) and the protrusion (5) on the column plate (3) is positioned that at least a portion of the protrusions (5) is in parallel and side by side so as to align the transverse holes; at least a pin (6) attaching the protrusions (5) though the holes forming a rotatable joint connection between the beam plate (2) and the column plate (3) and at least a resistive bar (7) secured between the beam plate (2) and the column plate (3) resisting the rotational motion along the axis orthogonal to the pin (6) axis. Another embodiment of the hinge cell (1) comprising a beam plate (2) adapted for being mounted from its outer surface to a beam-end; a column plate (3) adapted for being mounted from its outer surface to a column surface; a middle plate (4) positioned between the beam plate (2) and the column plate (3); at least four protrusions (5) at least one of which is positioned perpendicularly on the inner surface of the beam plate (2); at least another of which is positioned perpendicularly on the inner surface of the column plate (3); at least another of which is positioned perpendicularly on each surface of the middle plate (4); at least a transverse hole passing through each protrusions (5) where the protrusions (5) on the inner surface of the beam plate (2) are orthogonal to the protrusions (5) on the inner surface of the column plate (3) and the protrusions (5) on each surface of the middle plate (4) are orthogonal to each other and the protrusions (5) on the inner surface of the beam plate
(2) and the protrusions (5) on the surface of the middle plate (4), facing with the inner surface of the beam plate (2), are positioned that at least a portion of the protrusions
(5) is in parallel and side by side parallel so as to align the transverse holes on each protrusions (5) and where the protrusions (5) on the inner surface of the column plate
(3) and the protrusions (5) on the surface of the middle plate (4), facing with the inner surface of the column plate (3), are positioned that at least a portion of the protrusions (5) is in parallel and side by side parallel so as to align the transverse holes on each protrusions (5); at least a pin (6) attaching the protrusions (5) though the holes forming a rotatable joint connection between the beam plate (2) and middle plate (4), forming another rotatable joint connection between the column plate (3) and middle plate (4) where the axes of the said rotatable joint connections are orthogonal to each other and at least a resistive bar (7) secured between the beam plate (2) and the column plate (3) resisting the rotational motion along the axis orthogonal to the pin
(6) axis.
The present invention is a hinge cell (1) for beam to column connection. An embodiment of the hinge cell (1) is composed of two rectangular steel plates, preferably of the beam cross section dimensions, and a rotational meansconnecting these two plates from the center of the plate surfaces. To reinforce construction frames, one plate, hereinafter mentioned as beam plate (2), is for being attached to the beam end of the construction. The surface of beam plate (2) for being joined to the beam end of the construction will be mentioned as outer surface of the beam plate (2) and the other (opposite) surface of the beam plate (2) will be mentioned as inner surface of the beam plate (2). The other plate, hereinafter mentioned as column plate (3), is for being attached to the column face of the construction. The surface of column plate (3) for being joined to the column face of the construction will be mentioned as outer surface of the column plate (3) and the other (opposite) surface of the column plate (3) will be mentioned as inner surface of the column plate (3). The hinge cell (1) can be applied to any kind of frame construction such as concrete, prestressed concrete and steel structures. The plates can be attached to the frame of the construction (to the beam end or to the column face) by any kind of fastening method such as welding or by using any kind of fastening means such as anchor bar, nut and bolt, rivet.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the beam plate (2) and the column plate (3) have at least a pilot hole though which a fastener (8) such as an anchor bar attaches the beam plate (2) to the beam end of the construction and the column plate (3) to the column surface of the construction. The pilot hole can have a counterbore or countersink according to the type of the fastener (8). Counterbore is a cylindrical flat-bottomed hole, which enlarges the diameter of an existing pilot hole. Countersink is a conical depression added to an existing hole to accommodate and the conic head of a fastener (8) recessing it below the surface of the plates. The counter bores or the countersinks provide extra place for resistive bars (7) which will be described in the following paragraphs.
The beam plate (2) and the column plate (3) are connected to each other with lapped rotation protrusions (5) from the inner faces of the plates (Figure 1, item 3). In the invention, at least two protrusion (5), preferably rounded, positioned perpendicularly on the inner surface of the beam plate (2) and the inner surface of the column plate (3). The protrusions (5) can be positioned on the inner surface of the plates by welding or the beam plate (2) and the protrusions (5) can be produced uniformly as a single piece. There is at least a transverse hole passing through each protrusions (5). The protrusion (5) on the beam plate (2) and the protrusion (5) on the column plate (3) is positioned that at least a portion of the protrusions (5) is in parallel and side by side so as to align the transverse holes. The protrusions (5) are secured in their positions with a pin (6) forming a rotatable joint connection and coupling the beam plate (2) and the column plate (3) for rotation. Accordingly, rotational motion of the beam plate (2) and the column plate (3) is accommodated with respect to each other. On the other hand, rotational motion along the axis orthogonal to the pin (6) axis and twist is constrained with the out of plane rigidity of the protrusions (5). However rotation about the pin (6) is not freely permitted. At least a resistive bar (7), preferably made of metal such as steel or alloy, is positioned between the inner surface of the beam plate (2) and the inner surface of the column plate (3). The resistive bar (7) resists rotational motion about the pin (6), in other words the resistive bar (7) resists the relative motion of the edge of beam plate (2) with respect to the closer edge of the column plate (3) or vice versa, by their tension and/or compression resistances. When the yield strength of the resistive bar (7) is exceeded under the external beam end moment (M) during a ground movement such as earthquake, a plastic rotation develops at the hinge cell (1). The beam plate (2) and the column plate (3) rotate with respect to each other in the plastic state. This is the simple rotation mechanism of the hinge cell (1) which protects the connecting members, the beam to column and/or column-beam forming the frame of the construction, from energy exerted by ground movements. Energy dissipation in the hinge cell (1) is provided by the yielding of the resistive bar (7) in tension and yielding and buckling of the resistive bar (7) in compression during the relative rotation of the plates about the rotation axis (R) through the pin (6). Shear force (V) and axial force (N) in the beam are transmitted to the column basically by the shear stresses on the pin (6) and axial stresses on the protrusions (5).
In another embodiment of the present invention, the hinge cell (1) further comprises a middle plate (4) positioned between the beam plate (2) and the column plate (3). The middle plate (4) has at least two protrusions (5) on its both surfaces where at least a transverse hole passing through said protrusions (5). In this embodiment of the invention, the protrusions (5) on the inner surface of the beam plate (2) are orthogonal to the protrusions (5) on the inner surface of the column plate (3). The protrusions (5) on each surface of the middle plate (4) are also orthogonal to each other. The protrusions (5) on the inner surface of the beam plate (2) and the protrusions (5) on the surface of the middle plate (4), facing with the inner surface of the beam plate (2), are positioned that at least a portion of the protrusions (5) is in parallel and side by sideso as to align the transverse holes on each protrusions (5). A pin (6) attaches the protrusions (5) though the holes forming a rotatable joint connection in one dimension between the beam plate (2) and the middle plate (4). Similarly, the protrusions (5) on the inner surface of the column plate (3) and the protrusions (5) on the surface of the middle plate (4), facing with the inner surface of the column plate (3), are positioned that at least a portion of the protrusions (5) is in parallel and side by side so as to align the transverse holes on each protrusions (5). The pin (6) attaches the protrusions (5) though the holes forming a rotatable joint connection in a different dimension orthogonal to the said previous dimension between the column plate (3) and the middle plate (4). In this embodiment of the invention, at least a resistive bar (7) is secured between the beam plate (2) and the middle plate (4), and between middle plate (4) and the column plate (3). In this embodiment of the invention, the beam plate (2) and the column plate (3) rotate with respect to each other about the two orthogonal axes (see figures 3 and 4) in the plastic state. Thus, the hinge cell (1) balances ground movements in different dimensions and is able to protect the construction more effectively.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the protrusions (5) are in the form of a circular segment where the chord of the segment is adjacent to the plate surface for the purpose of achieving high durability. The circular segment form of the protrusions (5) can be applied to each embodiment of the hinge cell (1).
Moreover, the protrusions (5) are grouped to form a clevis connection. The grouped protrusions (5) like twin protrusions (5) are positioned on the surface of a plate in parallel and close to each other forming a clevis bracket. Another protrusion (5), positioned on the corresponding plate, forming a tang, fits in the space between said grouped protrusions (5) (twin protrusions (5), clevis bracket) (see figure 2, detail A). A pin (6), forming a clevis pin (6) which can be threaded, partially threaded or unthreaded connects the said grouped protrusions (5) forming the clevis bracket and the said protrusion (5) forming the tang. In the present invention, each connection between the beam plate (2) and the column plate (3) and the middle plate (4) can be made by the one or more said grouped protrusions (5). In other words, the beam plate (2) or the column plate (3) or the middle plate (4) can have one or more the said grouped protrusions (5) forming clevis connection and can have one or more the said protrusion (5) forming the tang. The clevis connection form of the protrusions (5) can be applied to each embodiment of the hinge cell (1).
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the resistive bars (7) are secured on the inner peripheral of the beam plate (2) and/or the column plate (3) and/or middle plate (4). The resistive bars (7) can be secured by welding or by any fastening means. In another embodiment of the invention, a recess is provided on the inner surface of the plates for positioning the resistive bars (7). Locating the resistive bars (7) at the inner periphery of the plates is for the purpose of providing easy access after a strong ground movement for replacement in the case of excessive residual deformations. In addition to this, thanks to the recess facilitating to mount the resistive bars (7), the resistive bars (7) are easily replaceable.
The number of the protrusion (5) is determined along with the connection design. The cross section size of the yielding resistive bar (7) is also calculated by design, and they provide the yield moment (M) and hysteretic energy dissipation of the hinge cell (1). The sizes of the protrusion (5) and the pin (6) are determined in accordance with the design forces and estimated rotations.

Claims

hinge cell (1) for beam (B) to column (C) connection providing ground movement protection to a construction by preventing plastic bending on frames of the construction, comprising a beam plate (2) adapted for being mounted from its outer surface to a beam-end; a column plate (3) adapted for being mounted from its outer surface to a column surface; at least two protrusions (5) at least one of which is positioned perpendicularly on the inner surface of the beam plate (2) and at least another of which is positioned perpendicularly on the inner surface of the column plate (3); at least a transverse hole passing through each protrusions (5) where the protrusion (5) on the beam plate (2) and the protrusion (5) on the column plate (3) is positioned that at least a portion of the protrusions (5) is in parallel and side by side so as to align the transverse holes; at least a pin (6) attaching the protrusions (5) though the holes forming a rotatable joint connection between the beam plate (2) and the column plate (3) and characterized by at least a resistive bar (7) secured between the beam plate (2) and the column plate (3) resisting the rotational motion along the axis orthogonal to the pin (6) axis.
hinge cell (1) for beam (B) to column (C) connection providing ground movement protection to a construction by preventing plastic bending on frames of the construction, comprising a beam plate (2) adapted for being mounted from its outer surface to a beam-end; a column plate (3) adapted for being mounted from its outer surface to a column surface; a middle plate (4) positioned between the beam plate (2) and the column plate (3); at least four protrusions (5) at least one of which is positioned perpendicularly on the inner surface of the beam plate (2); at least another of which is positioned perpendicularly on the inner surface of the column plate (3); at least another of which is positioned perpendicularly on each surface of the middle plate (4); at least a transverse hole passing through each protrusions (5) where the protrusions (5) on the inner surface of the beam plate (2) are orthogonal to the protrusions (5) on the inner surface of the column plate (3) and the protrusions (5) on each surface of the middle plate (4) are orthogonal to each other and the protrusions (5) on the inner surface of the beam plate (2) and the protrusions (5) on the surface of the middle plate (4), facing with the inner surface of the beam plate (2), are positioned that at least a portion of the protrusions (5) is in parallel and side by side parallel so as to align the transverse holes on each protrusions (5) and where the protrusions (5) on the inner surface of the column plate (3) and the protrusions (5) on the surface of the middle plate (4), facing with the inner surface of the column plate (3), are positioned that at least a portion of the protrusions (5) is in parallel and side by side parallel so as to align the transverse holes on each protrusions (5); at least a pin (6) attaching the protrusions (5) though the holes forming a rotatable joint connection between the beam plate
(2) and middle plate (4), forming another rotatable joint connection between the column plate
(3) and middle plate
(4) where the axes of the said rotatable joint connections are orthogonal to each other and characterized by at least a resistive bar (7) secured between the beam plate (2) and the column plate (3) resisting the rotational motion along the axis orthogonal to the pin (6) axis.
A
hinge cell (1) as in claim 1 or 2 characterized by the protrusions (5) grouped to form at least a clevis connection.
A
hinge cell (1) as in claim 1 or 2 characterized by the protrusions (5) grouped to form at least a clevis connection.
A
hinge cell (1) as in any one of the above claims characterized by the protrusions
(5) in the form of a circular segment where the chord of the segment is adjacent to the plate surfaces.
6. A hinge cell (1) as in any one of the above claims characterized by the resistive bars (7) secured on the inner peripheral of the beam plate (2) and/or the column plate (3) and/or middle plate (4).
7. A hinge cell (1) as in any one of the above claims characterized by a recess providing on the inner surface of the plates for positioning the resistive bars (7)·
PCT/TR2016/050137 2016-05-05 2016-05-05 A hinge cell for beam to column connection WO2017192107A1 (en)

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EP16731685.0A EP3262245B1 (en) 2016-05-05 2016-05-05 A hinge cell for beam to column connection
PCT/TR2016/050137 WO2017192107A1 (en) 2016-05-05 2016-05-05 A hinge cell for beam to column connection

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/TR2016/050137 WO2017192107A1 (en) 2016-05-05 2016-05-05 A hinge cell for beam to column connection

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110700404A (en) * 2019-09-24 2020-01-17 武汉科技大学 Column-beam connecting assembly, column-beam connecting assembly and construction and installation method thereof
US10837173B2 (en) * 2018-01-23 2020-11-17 Ruentex Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd. Beam-column connection structure and method of making the same
CN114215174A (en) * 2021-11-11 2022-03-22 中国矿业大学(北京) Constant-resistance large-deformation anchoring device suitable for building structure earthquake-resistant node

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0508840A1 (en) * 1991-04-08 1992-10-14 Thierry Meunier Adjustable and paraseismic connection device for the carcass and adjustable device for attaching façade elements of a building to a structure of tensioned cables
WO2002020910A1 (en) * 2000-09-04 2002-03-14 Imperial College Innovations Limited Khonsar replaceable energy-dissipating structural connection
US20040131287A1 (en) * 2001-11-26 2004-07-08 Lee George C. Seismic isolation bearing
EP2537999A1 (en) * 2010-02-16 2012-12-26 Kenho Okura Fastening device

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0508840A1 (en) * 1991-04-08 1992-10-14 Thierry Meunier Adjustable and paraseismic connection device for the carcass and adjustable device for attaching façade elements of a building to a structure of tensioned cables
WO2002020910A1 (en) * 2000-09-04 2002-03-14 Imperial College Innovations Limited Khonsar replaceable energy-dissipating structural connection
US20040131287A1 (en) * 2001-11-26 2004-07-08 Lee George C. Seismic isolation bearing
EP2537999A1 (en) * 2010-02-16 2012-12-26 Kenho Okura Fastening device

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10837173B2 (en) * 2018-01-23 2020-11-17 Ruentex Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd. Beam-column connection structure and method of making the same
CN110700404A (en) * 2019-09-24 2020-01-17 武汉科技大学 Column-beam connecting assembly, column-beam connecting assembly and construction and installation method thereof
CN110700404B (en) * 2019-09-24 2021-02-26 武汉科技大学 Column-beam connecting assembly, column-beam connecting assembly and construction and installation method thereof
CN114215174A (en) * 2021-11-11 2022-03-22 中国矿业大学(北京) Constant-resistance large-deformation anchoring device suitable for building structure earthquake-resistant node

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EP3262245A1 (en) 2018-01-03

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