WO2017191986A1

WO2017191986A1 - Photovoltaic module and photovoltaic system provided with same

Info

Publication number: WO2017191986A1
Application number: PCT/KR2017/004662
Authority: WO
Inventors: 박영찬
Original assignee: 엘지전자 주식회사
Priority date: 2016-05-02
Filing date: 2017-05-02
Publication date: 2017-11-09
Also published as: KR20170124256A; KR101843776B1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic system provided with same. The photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a solar cell module provided with a plurality of solar cells; a converter unit for level-shifting direct current power from the solar cell module; an inverter unit for outputting alternating current power by converting the direct current power from the converter unit; a power factor regulating unit comprising a plurality of passive elements and regulating, on the basis of at least some of the plurality of passive elements, the phase difference between an alternating current voltage and an alternating current outputted from the inverter unit; and a control unit for controlling the power factor regulating unit on the basis of a power factor regulation signal. Accordingly, the power factor of the alternating current power outputted from the photovoltaic module can be regulated in a simple manner.

Description

Solar module, and solar system having same

The present invention relates to a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic system having the same, and more particularly, a photovoltaic module capable of easily adjusting the power factor of an AC power output from the photovoltaic module, and a photovoltaic system having the same. It is about.

Recently, with the anticipation of depletion of existing energy sources such as oil and coal, there is increasing interest in alternative energy to replace them. Among them, solar cells are in the spotlight as next generation cells that directly convert solar energy into electrical energy using semiconductor devices.

On the other hand, the photovoltaic module refers to a state in which solar cells for photovoltaic power generation are connected in series or in parallel.

On the other hand, when outputting the AC power to the grid using an inverter in the solar module, it is preferable to reduce the loss of the output power. Accordingly, a method for reducing the loss of output power output from the solar module has been studied.

An object of the present invention is to provide a solar module that can easily adjust the power factor of the AC power output from the solar module.

A solar module according to an embodiment of the present invention for achieving the above object is a solar cell module having a plurality of solar cells, a converter unit for level-converting the DC power from the solar cell module, and a direct current from the converter unit An inverter unit for converting a power source and outputting an AC power source, and a plurality of passive elements, and based on at least some of the plurality of passive elements, a power factor for adjusting a phase difference between an AC current and an AC voltage output from the inverter unit And a control unit for controlling the power factor adjustment unit based on the power factor adjustment signal.

On the other hand, the solar system according to an embodiment of the present invention for achieving the above object, at least one photovoltaic module for converting the direct current power from the solar cell module to output an alternating current, and the alternating current output from the solar module A gateway for outputting a power factor adjustment signal for power factor adjustment of at least one solar module based on a phase difference between the current and the alternating voltage, wherein the solar module comprises a solar cell having a plurality of solar cells A battery module, a converter unit for level converting DC power from a solar cell module, an inverter unit for converting DC power from the converter unit to output AC power, and a plurality of passive elements, A power factor adjustment unit for adjusting a phase difference between an AC current and an AC voltage output from the inverter unit based on at least a portion thereof; And a communication unit for exchanging data, on the basis of the power factor adjustment signal from the gateway, and a control unit for controlling the power factor adjustment section.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a solar module and a solar system having the same include a solar cell module having a plurality of solar cells, a converter unit for level converting DC power from the solar cell module, and a converter unit. An inverter unit for converting a DC power source to output an AC power source, and a plurality of passive elements, and adjusting a phase difference between the AC current and the AC voltage output from the inverter unit based on at least some of the plurality of passive elements. By including a power factor adjustment unit and a control unit for controlling the power factor adjustment unit based on the power factor adjustment signal, the power factor of the AC power output from the solar module can be easily adjusted.

Accordingly, it is possible to supply to the outside while reducing the loss of power generated by the solar module.

On the other hand, the power factor adjustment signal is received through an external gateway, there is an advantage that can be performed power factor adjustment for a plurality of solar modules.

On the other hand, based on the phase difference between the output current of the inverter unit and the output voltage of the inverter unit, a power factor adjustment signal can be generated, thereby enabling accurate power factor adjustment.

On the other hand, the power factor adjusting unit includes a capacitor, a first switching element connected in series with the capacitor, an inductor connected in parallel with the capacitor or the first switching element, and a second switching element connected in series with the inductor, thereby providing a capacitor which is a passive element. Power factor adjustment can be implemented simply by using and inductor.

On the other hand, the gateway outputs a power factor adjustment signal for power factor adjustment of at least one photovoltaic module based on the phase difference between the alternating current and the alternating voltage output from the photovoltaic module, thereby outputting the alternating current power output from the photovoltaic module. The power factor of can be easily adjusted. Accordingly, it is possible to supply to the outside while reducing the loss of power generated by the solar module.

1A is a view illustrating a solar system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

1B is a view showing a solar system according to another embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a front view of a solar module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

3 is a rear view of the solar module of FIG. 2.

4 is a diagram illustrating a circuit inside a junction box in the solar module of FIG. 2.

5A to 5D are views referred to for describing the operation of the solar module of FIG. 4.

6 is an example of an internal block diagram of the gateway of FIG. 1A or 1B.

7 is an exploded perspective view of the solar cell module of FIG. 2.

In the present specification, as a method for reducing the loss of output power output from the solar module, it proposes a method of controlling a power factor which is a phase difference between the AC current and the AC voltage output from the solar module.

Hereinafter, with reference to the drawings will be described the present invention in more detail.

The suffixes "module" and "unit" for components used in the following description are merely given in consideration of ease of preparation of the present specification, and do not impart any particular meaning or role by themselves. Therefore, the "module" and "unit" may be used interchangeably.

Referring to the drawings, the solar system 10a according to the embodiment of the present invention may include a solar module 50 and a gateway 80.

The photovoltaic module 50 may include a junction box 200 including a solar cell module 100 and a circuit element that converts and outputs DC power from the solar cell module.

In the drawing, the junction box 200 is attached to the back of the solar cell module 100, but is not limited thereto. The junction box 200 may be provided separately from the solar cell module 100.

Meanwhile, a cable oln for supplying AC power output from the junction box 200 to the grid may be electrically connected to an output terminal of the junction box 200.

The gateway 80 may be located between the junction box 200 and the grid 90.

Meanwhile, the gateway 80 may output a power factor adjustment signal Sph for power factor adjustment of at least one solar module 50.

To this end, the gateway 80 may detect an alternating current io and an alternating voltage vo output from the photovoltaic module 50 flowing through the cable oln.

The gateway 80 may output a power factor adjustment signal Sph for power factor adjustment based on a phase difference between the AC current io and the AC voltage vo output from the solar module 50.

For example, when the phase of the alternating current io is slower than the phase of the alternating voltage vo, the power factor adjustment signal Sph including the phase pull signal is output, and the phase of the alternating current io is alternating. When the voltage vo is faster than the phase, the power factor adjustment signal Sph including the phase delay signal may be output.

In order to output the power factor adjustment signal Sph to the solar module, a cable 323 may be connected between the gateway 80 and the solar module 50.

That is, the gateway 80 and the solar module 50 may perform power line communication (PLC communication) or the like using the cable 323.

On the other hand, the photovoltaic module 50 includes a plurality of passive elements, and based on at least some of the plurality of passive elements, the phase difference between the alternating current io and the alternating voltage vo output from the inverter unit is determined. The solar power module includes a power factor adjusting unit 570 of FIG. 4 and a control unit 550 of FIG. 4 that controls the power factor adjusting unit 570 of FIG. 4 based on the power factor adjustment signal Sph. The power factor of the AC power output from 50) can be easily adjusted.

In particular, by using the power factor adjustment unit 570 of FIG. 4 disposed at the output terminal of the inverter unit 540 of FIG. 4, rather than the power factor control by adjusting the switching timing of the switching element in the inverter unit 540 of FIG. 4. The power factor of the AC power output from the solar module 50 can be easily adjusted.

In addition, it is possible to supply to the outside while reducing the loss to the power generated by the solar module 50.

On the other hand, by receiving the power factor adjustment signal Sph through the external gateway 80, there is an advantage that the power factor adjustment can be performed for a plurality of solar modules.

On the other hand, the photovoltaic module 50 includes an inverter output current detection unit (E in FIG. 4) for detecting the output current ic3 of the inverter unit, and an inverter output voltage detection unit (FIG. 4 in FIG. 4) for detecting the output voltage vc3 of the inverter unit. F), and the controller 550 of FIG. 4 generates the power factor adjustment signal Sph based on the phase difference between the inverter output current ic3 and the inverter output voltage vc3, and controls the power factor. The power factor adjustment unit 570 may be controlled based on the adjustment signal Sph. As a result, accurate power factor adjustment is possible.

Next, Figure 1b is a view showing a solar system according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to the drawings, the solar system 10b according to the embodiment of the present invention may include a plurality of

solar modules

50a, 50b,..., 50n, and a gateway 80.

Each of the plurality of

photovoltaic modules

50a, 50b, ..., 50n is a circuit for power-converting and outputting DC power from each of the solar cell modules 100a, 100b, ..., 100n, and the solar cell module.

Junction boxes

200a, 200b, ..., 200n including elements may be provided.

In the drawing, although each

junction box

200a, 200b, ..., 200n is attached to the back surface of each solar cell module 100a, 100b, ..., 100n, it is not limited to this. Each

junction box

200a, 200b, ..., 200n may be provided separately from each solar cell module 100a, 100b, ..., 100n.

On the other hand, the

cables

31a, 31b, ..., oln for supplying the AC power output from each

junction box

200a, 200b, ..., 200n to a grid are each

junction box

200a, 200b,. .., 200n) can be electrically connected to the output terminal.

Meanwhile, the gateway 80 may be located between the junction box 200n and the grid 90, and adjusts the power factor of the plurality of

solar modules

50a, 50b,..., 50n. A power factor adjustment signal Sph may be output.

The gateway 80 has a power factor of each of the

solar modules

50a, 50b, ..., 50n based on the phase difference between the alternating current io and the alternating voltage vo output from the solar module 50. The power factor adjustment signal Sph for adjustment may be output.

Between the gateway 80 and the

solar modules

50a, 50b, ..., 50n, in order to output such a power factor adjustment signal Sph to each of the

solar modules

50a, 50b, ..., 50n, Each

cable

32a, 32b, ..., 32n can be connected.

That is, the gateway 80 and the

solar modules

50a, 50b, ..., 50n may perform power line communication (PLC communication) or the like using the

cables

32a, 32b, ..., 32n. have.

On the other hand, the

solar modules

50a, 50b, ..., 50n receive the power factor adjustment signal Sph from the gateway 80, and the power factor of the AC power outputted based on the power factor adjustment signal Sph. Can be easily adjusted. Accordingly, it is possible to supply to the outside (for example, the grid) while reducing the loss of power generated in each of the

solar modules

50a, 50b, ..., 50n.

In particular, the gateway 80 outputs the same power factor adjustment signal Sph to the plurality of photovoltaic modules 50, thereby controlling common power factor for each

photovoltaic module

50a, 50b,..., 50n. You can do it.

2 is a front view of the solar module according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 is a rear view of the solar module of FIG.

Referring to the drawings, the photovoltaic module 50 according to the embodiment of the present invention may include a solar cell module 100 and a junction box 200 located on the back of the solar cell module 100.

The junction box 200 may include at least one bypass diode, which is bypassed in order to prevent hot spots in case of shadow generation.

In FIG. 4 and the like, corresponding to the four solar cell strings of FIG. 2, three bypass diodes (Da, Db, and Dc of FIG. 4) are illustrated.

On the other hand, the junction box 200 may convert the DC power supplied from the solar cell module 100. This will be described with reference to FIG. 4 and below.

On the other hand, the solar cell module 100 may include a plurality of solar cells.

In the drawing, a plurality of Taeang cells are connected in a row by a ribbon (133 in FIG. 7) to illustrate that the solar cell string 140 is formed. As a result, six

strings

140a, 140b, 140c, 140d, 140e, and 140f are formed, and each string includes ten solar cells. On the other hand, unlike the drawings, various modifications are possible.

On the other hand, each solar cell string can be electrically connected by a bus ribbon. FIG. 2 shows the first solar cell string 140a and the second solar cell string 140b by the

bus ribbons

145a, 145c, and 145e disposed under the solar cell module 100, respectively. The battery string 140c and the fourth solar cell string 140d illustrate that the fifth solar cell string 140e and the sixth solar cell string 140f are electrically connected.

2, the 2nd solar cell string 140b and the 3rd solar cell string 140c are respectively comprised by the bus ribbon 145b and 145d arrange | positioned on the upper part of the solar cell module 100, The 4th aspect It illustrates that the battery string 140d and the fifth solar cell string 140e are electrically connected.

On the other hand, the ribbon connected to the first string, the bus ribbons 145b and 145d, and the ribbon connected to the fourth string are electrically connected to the first to fourth

conductive lines

135a, 135b, 135c, and 135d, respectively. The first to fourth

conductive lines

135a, 135b, 135c, and 135d may be connected to the bypass diodes (Da, Db, and Dc in FIG. 4) in the junction box 200 disposed on the rear surface of the solar cell module 100. Connected. In the drawings, the first to fourth

conductive lines

135a, 135b, 135c, and 135d extend to the rear surface of the solar cell module 100 through openings formed on the solar cell module 100.

On the other hand, it is preferable that the junction box 200 is further disposed adjacent to an end portion of which the conductive line extends from both ends of the solar cell module 100.

Referring to the drawing, the junction box 200 may output the converted power by converting the DC power from the solar cell module 100.

In particular, in connection with the present invention, the junction box 200 can output an AC power source.

To this end, the junction box 200 may include a converter unit 530, an inverter unit 540, and a control unit 550 controlling the same.

In addition, the junction box 200 may further include a bypass diode unit 510 for bypass and a capacitor unit 520 for DC power storage.

On the other hand, the junction box 200 may further include a communication unit 580 for communication with an external gateway 80.

On the other hand, the junction box 200, based on the power factor adjustment signal generated in the gateway 80 or inside, the phase difference between the alternating current (io) and the alternating voltage (vo) output from the inverter unit 540. The power factor adjusting unit 570 may be further provided.

Meanwhile, the junction box 200 includes an input current detector A, an input voltage detector B, a converter output current detector C, a converter output voltage detector D, an inverter output current detector E, and an inverter. The output voltage detector F may be further provided.

The controller 550 may control the converter 530, the inverter 540, and the power factor adjusting unit 570.

In particular, the controller 550 may receive the power factor adjustment signal Sph from the gateway 80 through the communication unit 580 and control the variable power phase to be varied based on the power factor adjustment signal. have.

The bypass diode unit 510 includes bypass diodes Dc, Db, and Da disposed between the first to fourth

conductive lines

135a, 135b, 135c, and 135d of the solar cell module 100, respectively. It may be provided. At this time, the number of bypass diodes is one or more, preferably one smaller than the number of conductive lines.

The bypass diodes Dc, Db, and Da are solar direct currents from the solar cell module 100, in particular from the first to fourth

conductive lines

135a, 135b, 135c, 135d in the solar cell module 100. Receive power. The bypass diodes Dc, Db, and Da may bypass the reverse voltage when a DC voltage is generated from at least one of the first to fourth

conductive lines

135a, 135b, 135c, and 135d. have.

On the other hand, the DC power that has passed through the bypass diode unit 510 may be input to the capacitor unit 520.

The capacitor unit 520 may store an input DC power input through the solar cell module 100 and the bypass diode unit 510.

Meanwhile, in the drawing, the capacitor unit 520 is exemplified as having a plurality of capacitors Ca, Cb, and Cc connected in parallel to each other. Alternatively, the plurality of capacitors are connected in series or parallel mixing, or grounded in series. It is also possible to be connected to the stage. Alternatively, the capacitor unit 520 may include only one capacitor.

The converter unit 530 may convert the level of the input voltage from the solar cell module 100 through the bypass diode unit 510 and the capacitor unit 520.

In particular, the converter unit 530 may perform power conversion using a DC power source stored in the capacitor unit 520.

For example, the converter unit 530 may include a plurality of resistance elements or a transformer, and may perform voltage distribution with respect to the input voltage based on the set target power.

In the drawing, a tap inductor converter is illustrated as an example of the converter unit 530. Alternatively, a flyback converter, a buck converter, a boost converter, and the like may be used.

The converter section 530 illustrated in the figure, that is, the tap inductor converter, is connected to the tap inductor T, the switching element S1 connected between the tap inductor T, and the ground terminal, and the output terminal of the tap inductor, thereby conducting one-way conduction. It may include a diode (D1) to perform.

Meanwhile, a dc terminal capacitor (not shown) may be connected between the output terminal of the diode D1, that is, the cathode and the ground terminal.

Specifically, the switching element S1 may be connected between the tab of the tap inductor T and the ground terminal. The output terminal (secondary side) of the tab inductor T is connected to the anode of the diode D1, and the dc terminal capacitor C1 is connected between the cathode of the diode D1 and the ground terminal. Can be.

On the other hand, the primary side and the secondary side of the tab inductor T have opposite polarities. Meanwhile, the tap inductor T may be referred to as a switching transformer.

On the other hand, the switching element S1 in the converter unit 530 may be turned on / off based on the converter switching control signal from the controller 550. Thereby, the level-converted DC power supply can be output.

The inverter unit 540 may convert the DC power converted by the converter unit 530 into AC power.

In the figure, a full-bridge inverter is illustrated. That is, the upper arm switching elements Sa and Sb and the lower arm switching elements S'a and S'b, which are connected in series with each other, become a pair, and a total of two pairs of upper and lower arm switching elements are parallel to each other (Sa & S'a, Sb & S'b). Diodes may be connected in anti-parallel to each of the switching elements Sa, S'a, Sb, and S'b.

The switching elements Sa, S'a, Sb, and S'b in the inverter unit 540 may be turned on / off based on an inverter switching control signal from the controller 550. As a result, AC power having a predetermined frequency can be output. Preferably, it is desirable to have the same frequency (approximately 60 Hz or 50 Hz) as the alternating frequency of the grid.

Meanwhile, the capacitor C may be disposed between the converter unit 530 and the inverter unit 540.

The capacitor C may store the level-converted DC power of the converter 530. On the other hand, both ends of the capacitor (C) may be referred to as the dc terminal, accordingly, the capacitor (C) may be referred to as a dc terminal capacitor.

Meanwhile, the input current detecting unit A may detect the input current ic1 supplied from the solar cell module 100 to the capacitor unit 520.

Meanwhile, the input voltage detector B may detect the input voltage Vc1 supplied from the solar cell module 100 to the capacitor unit 520. Here, the input voltage Vc1 may be the same as the voltage stored across the capacitor unit 520.

The sensed input current ic1 and the input voltage vc1 may be input to the controller 550.

Meanwhile, the converter output current detector C detects an output current ic2 output from the converter 530, that is, a dc terminal current, and the converter output voltage detector D is output from the converter 530. The output voltage vc2, that is, the dc terminal voltage, is sensed. The sensed output current ic2 and output voltage vc2 may be input to the controller 550.

The inverter output current detector E detects the current ic3 output from the inverter unit 540, and the inverter output voltage detector F detects the voltage vc3 output from the inverter unit 540. do. The detected current ic3 and voltage vc3 are input to the control unit 550.

The controller 550 may output a control signal for controlling the switching element S1 of the converter 530. In particular, the controller 550 may be configured to at least one of the detected input current ic1, input voltage vc1, output current ic2, output voltage vc2, output current ic3, or output voltage vc3. On the basis of this, the turn-on timing signal of the switching element S1 in the converter unit 530 may be output.

The controller 550 may output an inverter control signal for controlling the switching elements Sa, S'a, Sb, and S'b of the inverter unit 540. In particular, the controller 550 may be configured to at least one of the detected input current ic1, input voltage vc1, output current ic2, output voltage vc2, output current ic3, or output voltage vc3. On the basis of this, the turn-on timing signals of the respective switching elements Sa, S'a, Sb, and S'b of the inverter unit 540 may be output.

The controller 550 may control the converter unit 530 to calculate the maximum power point for the solar cell module 100 and to output a DC power corresponding to the maximum power.

The communication unit 580 may communicate with the gateway 80.

For example, the communication unit 580 can exchange data with the gateway 80 by power line communication.

On the other hand, the communication unit 580 can receive the power factor adjustment signal Sph from the gateway 80.

Meanwhile, the communication unit 580 may transmit current information, voltage information, power information, and the like of the solar module 50 to the gateway 80.

The power factor adjusting unit 570 may be disposed at an output terminal of the inverter unit 540.

The power factor adjusting unit 570 includes a plurality of passive elements, and the phase between the alternating current io and the alternating voltage vo output from the inverter unit 540 based on at least some of the plurality of passive elements. You can adjust the difference.

For example, as shown in the drawing, the power factor adjusting unit 570 includes a capacitor Cp, a first switching element Spa connected in series with the capacitor Cp, a capacitor Cp, or a first switching element Spa. It may include an inductor Lp connected in parallel to and a second switching element Spb connected in series with the inductor Lp.

On the other hand, the control part 550 is based on the phase difference between the output current ic3 of the inverter part from the inverter output current detection part E, and the output voltage vc3 of the inverter part from the inverter output voltage detection part F, The power factor adjustment signal Sph may be generated and the power factor adjustment unit 570 may be controlled based on the power factor adjustment signal Sph.

The controller 550 is configured to control the operation of the first switching element Spa and the second switching element Spb based on the power factor adjustment signal Sp generated in the gateway 80 or the inside. The control signal Scp may be output to the power factor adjusting unit 570.

For example, the control unit 550, based on the power factor adjustment signal Sp including the phase pull signal from the gateway 80, the first switching device Spa is turned on and the second switching device Spb is turned on. ) May be turned off.

As another example, the controller 550 is configured to turn off the first switching element Spa based on the power factor adjustment signal Sp including the phase delay signal from the gateway 80, and to control the second switching element Spb. Control to turn on.

The operation of the power factor adjusting unit 570 will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 5A to 5D.

5A illustrates an output voltage vc3a and an output current ic3a of the inverter unit 540.

When the output voltage vc3a and the output current ic3a of the inverter unit 540 of FIG. 5A are compared, the phase of the output current ic3a of the inverter unit 540 is the output of the inverter unit 540. It can be seen that the phase of the voltage vc3a is slower by Td1.

Accordingly, the controller 550 may generate a power factor adjustment signal Sph including the phase pull signal.

Then, the control unit 550, based on the power factor adjustment signal Sph including the phase pull signal, as shown in FIG. 5B, the first switching device Spa is turned on, and the second switching device Spb is turned on. Can be controlled to be off.

That is, in order to pull the current phase of the photovoltaic module 50, by turning on the first switching element Spa connected to the capacitor Cp which is a capacitive element, as shown in FIG. The pulled, output current waveform Ioa can be output.

The output current waveform Ioa can be nearly in phase with the output voltage waveform Voa, thus allowing the power factor to be adjusted to approach one. That is, the loss of the output power of the solar module 50 is reduced.

On the other hand, similar to FIG. 5A, the gateway 80 may generate the power factor adjustment signal Sph using the alternating current io and the alternating voltage vo output from the solar module 50.

That is, similar to FIG. 5A, when the phase of the alternating current io output from the solar module 50 is slower than the alternating voltage vo, the gateway 80 may output a power factor adjustment signal (including a phase pull signal). Sph) can be generated and printed.

Accordingly, the control unit 550 in the photovoltaic module 50 receives the power factor adjustment signal Sph through which the phase is pulled by Td1 through the communication unit 580, and as shown in FIG. 5B, the first switching element ( Spa may be turned on, and the second switching device Spb may be turned off.

5C illustrates an output voltage vc3b and an output current ic3b of the inverter unit 540.

When the output voltage vc3b and the output current ic3b of the inverter unit 540 of FIG. 5C are compared, the phase of the output current ic3b of the inverter unit 540 is the output of the inverter unit 540. It can be seen that Td2 is faster than the phase of the voltage vc3b.

Accordingly, the controller 550 may generate a power factor adjustment signal Sph including the phase delay signal.

Then, the control unit 550, based on the power factor adjustment signal Sph including the phase delay signal, as shown in FIG. 5D, the first switching device Spa is turned off and the second switching device Spb is turned on. It can be controlled to turn on.

That is, in order to delay the current phase of the photovoltaic module 50, by turning on the second switching element Spb connected to the inductor Lp, which is an inductive element, the current phase as shown in FIG. 5C (b). This delayed output current waveform Iob can be output.

The output current waveform Iob may be nearly in phase with the output voltage waveform Vob, thereby allowing the power factor to be adjusted to be close to one. That is, the loss of the output power of the solar module 50 is reduced.

On the other hand, similar to FIG. 5C, the gateway 80 may generate the power factor adjustment signal Sph by using the alternating current io and the alternating voltage vo output from the solar module 50.

That is, similar to FIG. 5C, when the phase of the alternating current io output from the solar module 50 is faster than the alternating voltage vo, the gateway 80 may output a power factor adjustment signal (including a phase delay signal). Sph) can be generated and printed.

Accordingly, the control unit 550 in the solar module 50 receives a power factor adjustment signal Sph through which the phase is delayed by Td2 through the communication unit 580, and as shown in FIG. The switching device Spa may be turned off and the second switching device Spb may be turned on.

6 is an example of an internal block diagram of the gateway of FIG. 1A or 1B.

Referring to the drawings, the gateway 80 includes a first current detector 82 for detecting an alternating current io output from the solar module 50, and an alternating voltage vo output from the solar module 50. ), A voltage detector 83 for detecting), a second current detector 84 for detecting a current of an AC power supply of the grid, and a controller 88.

The controller 88 of the gateway 80 adjusts the power factor based on the phase difference between the alternating current io output from the photovoltaic module 50 and the alternating current voltage vo output from the photovoltaic module 50. The signal Sph may be generated and controlled to be output.

For example, when the phase of the alternating current io is slower than the phase of the alternating current voltage vo, the gateway 80 outputs a power factor adjustment signal Sph including a phase pull signal, and outputs an alternating current io. ) Phase is faster than the AC voltage vo phase, the power factor adjustment signal Sph including the phase delay signal can be output.

In addition, the gateway 80 may further include a solar module 50 and a communication unit 86 for performing communication such as power line communication.

The communication unit 86 may transmit the power factor adjustment signal Sph generated by the control unit 88 to the at least one solar module 50.

Meanwhile, in the case of the solar system 10b including the plurality of solar modules as illustrated in FIG. 1B, the same power factor adjustment signal Sph may be output to the plurality of solar modules 50 through the gateway 80. As a result, the power factor of the AC power output from each solar module 50 can be easily adjusted.

The controller 88 adjusts the phase of the at least one photovoltaic module 50 based on the alternating current io output from the photovoltaic module 50 and the second current of the alternating current power source of the grid. It is also possible to generate a phase variable signal.

For example, the control unit 88 generates a phase pull signal when the phase of the grid current is faster than the phase of the solar module 50, and the phase of the grid current is the solar module 50. If it is slower than the phase of the current, it may generate a phase delay signal.

Accordingly, the communication unit 86 outputs a phase pulling signal when the phase of the grid current is earlier than the phase of the solar module 50, and the phase of the grid current is the solar module 50. If the current is slower than the phase, the phase delay signal may be output.

By the operation of the gateway 80, the phase of the AC power output from the solar module 50 can be easily matched to the grid.

7 is an exploded perspective view of the solar cell module of FIG. 2.

Referring to FIG. 7, the solar cell module 100 of FIG. 2 may include a plurality of solar cells 130. In addition, the first sealing member 120 and the second sealing member 150 positioned on the lower surface and the upper surface of the plurality of solar cells 130, the rear substrate 110 and the second positioned on the lower surface of the first sealing member 120. The apparatus may further include a front substrate 160 positioned on an upper surface of the sealant 150.

First, the solar cell 130 is a semiconductor device that converts solar energy into electrical energy, including a silicon solar cell, a compound semiconductor solar cell, a tandem solar cell, Dye-sensitized or CdTe, CIGS-type solar cells, thin film solar cells and the like.

The solar cell 130 is formed of a light receiving surface on which sunlight is incident and a rear surface opposite to the light receiving surface. For example, the solar cell 130 includes a first conductive silicon substrate, a second conductive semiconductor layer formed on the silicon substrate and having a conductivity opposite to the first conductive type, and the second conductive semiconductor layer. An anti-reflection film formed on the second conductivity-type semiconductor layer, the at least one opening exposing at least one surface thereof, and a front electrode contacting a part of the second conductivity-type semiconductor layer exposed through the at least one opening; It may include a back electrode formed on the back of the silicon substrate.

Each solar cell 130 may be electrically connected in series or in parallel or in parallel. Specifically, the plurality of solar cells 130 may be electrically connected by the ribbon 133. The ribbon 133 may be bonded to the front electrode formed on the light receiving surface of the solar cell 130 and the rear electrode current collecting electrode formed on the back surface of another adjacent solar cell 130.

In the figure, the ribbon 133 is formed in two lines, by the ribbon 133, the solar cells 130 are connected in a row, illustrating that the solar cell string 140 is formed.

As a result, as described with reference to FIG. 2, six

strings

140a, 140b, 140c, 140d, 140e, and 140f may be formed, and each string may include ten solar cells.

The back substrate 110 is a back sheet, and functions as a waterproof, insulation, and UV protection, and may be a TPT (Tedlar / PET / Tedlar) type, but is not limited thereto. In addition, although the rear substrate 110 is illustrated in a rectangular shape in FIG. 4, the rear substrate 110 may be manufactured in various shapes such as a circle and a semicircle according to an environment in which the solar cell module 100 is installed.

On the other hand, the first sealing material 120 may be attached to the same size as the rear substrate 110 on the rear substrate 110, the plurality of solar cells 130 on the first sealing material 120 is a few rows. Can be located next to each other to achieve.

The second sealing material 150 may be positioned on the solar cell 130 and bonded to the first sealing material 120 by lamination.

Here, the first sealant 120 and the second sealant 150 allow the elements of the solar cell to chemically bond. The first sealant 120 and the second sealant 150 may be various examples such as an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) film.

On the other hand, the front substrate 160 is located on the second sealing material 150 so as to transmit sunlight, it is preferable that the tempered glass in order to protect the solar cell 130 from an external impact. In addition, it is more preferable that it is a low iron tempered glass containing less iron in order to prevent reflection of sunlight and increase the transmittance of sunlight.

The solar module and the solar system having the same according to the present invention are not limited to the configuration and method of the embodiments described as described above, but the embodiments of the embodiments may be modified in various ways. All or part may be optionally combined.

In addition, although the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described above, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, but the technical field to which the invention belongs without departing from the spirit of the invention claimed in the claims. Of course, various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art, and these modifications should not be individually understood from the technical spirit or the prospect of the present invention.

Claims

A solar cell module having a plurality of solar cells;

A converter unit for level converting DC power from the solar cell module;

An inverter unit for converting DC power from the converter unit to output AC power;

A power factor adjusting unit including a plurality of passive elements, and adjusting a phase difference between an alternating current and an alternating voltage output from the inverter unit based on at least some of the plurality of passive elements; And

And a controller for controlling the power factor adjusting unit based on the power factor adjustment signal.
The method of claim 1,

It further comprises a communication unit for exchanging data with an external gateway (gateway),

The control unit,

And the power factor adjustment unit is controlled based on the power factor adjustment signal from the gateway.
The method of claim 1,

An inverter output current detection unit detecting an output current of the inverter unit; And

And an inverter output voltage detection unit detecting an output voltage of the inverter unit.

The control unit,

And generating the power factor adjustment signal based on the phase difference between the inverter output current and the inverter output voltage and controlling the power factor adjustment unit based on the power factor adjustment signal.
The method of claim 1,

The power factor adjustment unit,

Capacitors;

A first switching element connected in series with said capacitor;

An inductor connected in parallel with the capacitor or the first switching element;

And a second switching element connected in series with the inductor.
The method of claim 4, wherein

The control unit,

And the first switching device is turned on and the second switching device is turned off based on a phase pull signal of the power factor adjustment signal.
The method of claim 4, wherein

The control unit,

And the first switching device is turned off and the second switching device is turned on based on a phase delay signal of the power factor adjustment signal.
The method of claim 2,

The communication unit,

And exchange data with the gateway by power line communication.
The method of claim 2,

The control unit,

Receiving a phase adjustment signal from the gateway through the communication unit, and controls to adjust the phase of the AC voltage output from the inverter based on the phase adjustment signal.
At least one solar module converting direct current power from the solar cell module to output AC power;

And a gateway configured to output a power factor adjustment signal for power factor adjustment of the at least one photovoltaic module based on a phase difference between the alternating current and the alternating voltage output from the solar module.

The solar module,

A solar cell module having a plurality of solar cells;

A converter unit for level converting DC power from the solar cell module;

An inverter unit for converting DC power from the converter unit to output AC power;

A power factor adjusting unit including a plurality of passive elements, and adjusting a phase difference between an alternating current and an alternating voltage output from the inverter unit based on at least some of the plurality of passive elements;

A communication unit exchanging data with the gateway; And

And a controller configured to control the power factor adjustment unit based on the power factor adjustment signal from the gateway.
The method of claim 9,

The power factor adjustment unit,

Capacitors;

A first switching element connected in series with said capacitor;

An inductor connected in parallel with the capacitor or the first switching element;

And a second switching element connected in series with the inductor.
The method of claim 10,

The control unit,

And controlling the first switching device to be turned on and the second switching device to be turned off based on a phase pull signal of the power factor adjustment signal.
The method of claim 10,

The control unit,

And the first switching device is turned off and the second switching device is turned on based on a phase delay signal of the power factor adjustment signal.
The method of claim 9,

The communication unit,

And exchange data with the gateway by power line communication.
The method of claim 9,

The gateway,

A current detector for detecting an alternating current output from the solar module;

And a voltage detector configured to detect an AC voltage output from the solar module.

If the phase of the alternating current is slower than the phase of the alternating voltage, output a phase pull signal,

And outputting a phase delay signal when the phase of the alternating current is faster than the alternating voltage phase.
The method of claim 9,

The gateway,

A photovoltaic system, characterized by outputting the same power factor adjustment signal to a plurality of photovoltaic modules.