KR20170124256A

KR20170124256A - Photovoltaic module and photovoltaic system including the same

Info

Publication number: KR20170124256A
Application number: KR1020160053934A
Authority: KR
Inventors: 박영찬
Original assignee: 엘지전자 주식회사
Priority date: 2016-05-02
Filing date: 2016-05-02
Publication date: 2017-11-10
Also published as: WO2017191986A1; KR101843776B1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic system having the same. A solar module according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a solar cell module having a plurality of solar cells, a converter section for converting the DC power from the solar cell module to a level, a converter section for converting the DC power from the converter section, A power factor adjustment unit that adjusts a phase difference between an AC current and an AC voltage output from the inverter unit based on at least a part of the plurality of passive elements, And a control unit for controlling the power factor adjusting unit based on the power factor. Thereby, the power factor of the AC power outputted from the solar module can be easily adjusted.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a photovoltaic module, and a photovoltaic system having the photovoltaic module and photovoltaic system,

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic system having the same, and more particularly, to a photovoltaic module capable of easily adjusting a power factor of an alternating-current power output from a photovoltaic module, .

With the recent depletion of existing energy sources such as oil and coal, interest in alternative energy to replace them is increasing. Among them, solar cells are attracting attention as a next-generation battery that converts solar energy directly into electrical energy using semiconductor devices.

Meanwhile, the photovoltaic module means that the solar cells for solar power generation are connected in series or in parallel.

On the other hand, when AC power is output to the grid using an inverter in a solar module, it is desirable to reduce the loss of output power. Accordingly, a method for reducing the loss of output power output from the solar module has been researched.

An object of the present invention is to provide a solar module that can easily adjust the power factor of an AC power output from a solar module.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a solar module including: a solar cell module having a plurality of solar cells; a converter unit for converting the level of the DC power from the solar cell module; A power factor adjusting circuit for adjusting a phase difference between an alternating current and an alternating voltage output from the inverter section based on at least a part of the plurality of passive elements, And a control unit for controlling the power factor adjusting unit based on the power factor adjusting signal.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a solar photovoltaic system including at least one photovoltaic module for converting a direct current power from a photovoltaic module and outputting an alternating current power, And a gateway for outputting a power factor adjustment signal for power factor adjustment of at least one solar module based on a phase difference between the current and the alternating voltage, wherein the solar module includes a plurality of solar cells, A solar cell module comprising: a battery module; a converter section for level-converting the DC power from the solar cell module; an inverter section for converting a DC power source from the converter section to output an AC power source; and a plurality of passive elements A power factor adjusting unit for adjusting a phase difference between an AC current and an AC voltage output from the inverter unit based on at least a part of the power factor, And a communication unit for exchanging data, on the basis of the power factor adjustment signal from the gateway, and a control unit for controlling the power factor adjustment section.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a solar module and a solar photovoltaic system having the solar cell module include a solar cell module having a plurality of solar cells, a converter unit for converting the level of the DC power from the solar cell module, And a plurality of passive elements, and adjusts a phase difference between an alternating current output from the inverter section and an alternating-current voltage based on at least a part of the plurality of passive elements And a control section for controlling the power factor adjusting section on the basis of the power factor adjusting signal so that the power factor of the alternating current power output from the solar cell module can be simply adjusted.

Thus, it is possible to supply the power to the outside while reducing the loss of power generated in the solar module.

On the other hand, since the power factor adjustment signal is received through the external gateway, it is possible to perform power factor adjustment on a plurality of solar modules.

On the other hand, a power factor adjustment signal can be generated based on the phase difference between the output current of the inverter section and the output voltage of the inverter section, thereby enabling accurate power factor adjustment.

On the other hand, the power factor adjustment section includes a capacitor, a first switching element connected in series to the capacitor, an inductor connected in parallel to the capacitor or the first switching element, and a second switching element connected in series to the inductor, And the inductor, it is possible to easily implement the power factor adjustment.

On the other hand, the gateway outputs a power factor adjustment signal for adjusting the power factor of at least one solar module based on the phase difference between the alternating current and the alternating voltage output from the solar module, Can be easily adjusted. Thus, it is possible to supply the power to the outside while reducing the loss of power generated in the solar module.

1A is a diagram illustrating a solar light system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
1B is a view showing a solar light system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a front view of a solar module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a rear view of the solar module of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram showing the interior of the junction box in the solar module of Fig. 2. Fig.
5A to 5D are views referred to in the description of the operation of the solar module of FIG.
Fig. 6 is an example of an internal block diagram of the gateway of Fig. 1A or 1B.
FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of the solar cell module of FIG. 2. FIG.

In this specification, a method for controlling a power factor, which is a phase difference between an alternating current and an alternating voltage output from a solar module, is proposed as a method for reducing the loss of output power output from the solar module.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

The suffix "module" and " part "for components used in the following description are given merely for convenience of description, and do not give special significance or role in themselves. Accordingly, the terms "module" and "part" may be used interchangeably.

1A is a diagram illustrating a solar light system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to the drawings, a solar light system 10a according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a solar module 50 and a gateway 80. [

The photovoltaic module 50 may include a solar cell module 100 and a junction box 200 including circuit elements for power conversion and output of the direct current power in the solar cell module.

In the drawing, the junction box 200 is shown attached to the back surface of the solar cell module 100, but is not limited thereto. It is also possible that the junction box 200 is provided separately from the solar cell module 100.

On the other hand, a cable oln for supplying the AC power outputted from the junction box 200 to the grid can be electrically connected to the output terminal of the junction box 200. [

Meanwhile, a gateway 80 may be located between the junction box 200 and the grid 90.

On the other hand, the gateway 80 can output the power factor adjustment signal Sph for adjusting the power factor of at least one solar module 50.

For this purpose, the gateway 80 can detect the alternating current io and the alternating voltage vo output from the solar module 50, which flows through the cable oln.

The gateway 80 can output the power factor adjustment signal Sph for adjusting the power factor based on the phase difference between the alternating current io and the alternating voltage vo output from the solar module 50. [

For example, when the phase of the alternating current io is slower than the phase of the alternating voltage vo, it outputs a power adjusting signal Sph including the phase pulling signal, If it is faster than the voltage (vo) phase, it may output the power factor adjustment signal Sph including the phase delay signal.

A cable 323 may be connected between the gateway 80 and the solar module 50 to output the power factor adjustment signal Sph to the solar module.

That is, the gateway 80 and the solar module 50 can perform power line communication (PLC communication) using the cable 323.

On the other hand, the solar module 50 includes a plurality of passive elements, and based on at least a part of the plurality of passive elements, the phase difference between the alternating current io and the alternating current voltage vo output from the inverter portion is (550 in Fig. 4) that controls the power factor adjusting unit (570 in Fig. 4) based on the power factor adjusting signal Sph and includes the power factor adjusting unit (570 in Fig. 4) The power factor of the AC power outputted from the AC power source 50 can be easily adjusted.

Particularly, by using the power factor adjustment unit (570 in Fig. 4) arranged at the output terminal of the inverter unit (540 in Fig. 4) rather than the power factor control by the switching timing adjustment of the switching elements in the inverter unit (540 in Fig. 4) The power factor of the AC power outputted from the solar module 50 can be easily adjusted.

In addition, it is possible to supply the power to the outside while reducing the loss of the power generated by the solar module 50.

On the other hand, since the power factor adjustment signal Sph is received through the external gateway 80, there is an advantage that the power factor adjustment can be performed for a plurality of solar modules.

4) for detecting the output current ic3 of the inverter section and an inverter output voltage detecting section (see FIG. 4 F), and the control unit 550 of FIG. 4 generates the power factor adjusting signal Sph based on the phase difference between the inverter output current ic3 and the inverter output voltage vc3, It is possible to control the power factor adjusting unit 570 based on the adjustment signal Sph. Thus, accurate power factor adjustment becomes possible.

1B is a view illustrating a solar light system according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to the drawings, a solar light system 10b according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a plurality of solar modules 50a, 50b, ..., 50n and a gateway 80. [

Each of the plurality of solar modules 50a, 50b, ..., 50n includes a solar cell module 100a, 100b, ..., 100n and a circuit for converting and outputting DC power from the solar cell module And junction boxes 200a, 200b, ..., 200n including devices.

In the drawing, the junction boxes 200a, 200b, ..., 200n are attached to the back surfaces of the solar cell modules 100a, 100b, ..., 100n, but the present invention is not limited thereto. It is also possible that the junction boxes 200a, 200b, ..., 200n are provided separately from the respective solar cell modules 100a, 100b, ..., 100n.

On the other hand, cables 31a, 31b, ..., oln for supplying AC power outputted from the junction boxes 200a, 200b, ..., 200n to the grid are connected to the junction boxes 200a, 200b, ..., ..., 200n, respectively.

The gateway 80 may be located between the junction box 200n and the grid 90 and may adjust power factor of the plurality of solar modules 50a, 50b, ..., 50n. And outputs a power factor adjustment signal Sph for the power factor correction.

The gateway 80 controls the power factor of each of the solar modules 50a, 50b, ..., 50n based on the phase difference between the alternating current io and the alternating voltage vo output from the solar module 50, It is possible to output the power factor adjustment signal Sph for adjustment.

In order to output the power factor adjustment signal Sph to each of the solar modules 50a, 50b, ..., 50n, it is preferable that between the gateway 80 and the solar modules 50a, 50b, ..., 50n, Each cable 32a, 32b, ..., 32n can be connected.

That is, the gateway 80 and the solar modules 50a, 50b, ..., 50n can perform power line communication (PLC communication), etc. using the cables 32a, 32b, ..., have.

On the other hand, the photovoltaic modules 50a, 50b, ..., 50n receive the power factor adjustment signal Sph from the gateway 80 and, based on the power factor adjustment signal Sph, Can be easily adjusted. Thus, it is possible to supply power to the outside (for example, a grid) while reducing the loss of electric power generated in each of the solar modules 50a, 50b, ..., 50n.

Particularly, the gateway 80 outputs the same power factor adjustment signal Sph to the plurality of solar modules 50, so that the power factor for each of the solar modules 50a, 50b, ..., .

FIG. 2 is a front view of a solar module according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a rear view of the solar module of FIG. 2.

Referring to the drawings, a solar module 50 according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a solar cell module 100 and a junction box 200 located on the back surface of the solar cell module 100.

The junction box 200 may include at least one bypass diode that is bypassed to prevent hot spots in the case of shadow generation or the like.

4 and the like, three bypass diodes (Da, Db, and Dc in FIG. 4) are provided corresponding to the four solar cell strings in FIG.

On the other hand, the junction box 200 can convert DC power supplied from the solar cell module 100. This will be described with reference to FIG. 4 and subsequent figures.

On the other hand, the solar cell module 100 may include a plurality of solar cells.

In the figure, a plurality of sinker cells are connected in series by ribbons (133 in FIG. 7) to form a solar cell string 140. By this, six strings 140a, 140b, 140c, 140d, 140e and 140f are formed, and each string includes ten solar cells. Unlike the drawings, various modifications are possible.

On the other hand, each solar cell string can be electrically connected by a bus ribbon. 2 is a sectional view showing the first solar cell string 140a and the second solar cell string 140b by the bus ribbons 145a, 145c and 145e disposed at the lower part of the solar cell module 100, The battery string 140c and the fourth solar cell string 140d illustrate that the fifth solar cell string 140e and the sixth solar cell string 140f are electrically connected.

2 shows the second solar cell string 140b and the third solar cell string 140c respectively by the bus ribbons 145b and 145d disposed on the upper part of the solar cell module 100, And that the battery string 140d and the fifth solar cell string 140e are electrically connected.

On the other hand, the ribbon connected to the first string, the bus ribbons 145b and 145d, and the ribbon connected to the fourth string are electrically connected to the first through fourth conductive lines 135a, 135b, 135c, and 135d, respectively The first to fourth conductive lines 135a, 135b, 135c and 135d are connected to bypass diodes (Da, Db and Dc in Fig. 4) in the junction box 200 arranged on the back surface of the solar cell module 100 Respectively. In the drawing, the first through fourth conductive lines 135a, 135b, 135c, and 135d extend through the openings formed on the solar cell module 100 to the back surface of the solar cell module 100. FIG.

It is preferable that the junction box 200 is disposed closer to an end of the solar cell module 100 where the conductive lines extend.

Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram showing the interior of the junction box in the solar module of Fig. 2. Fig.

Referring to the drawings, the junction box 200 can convert DC power from the solar cell module 100 and output the converted power.

Particularly, in connection with the present invention, the junction box 200 can output AC power.

To this end, the junction box 200 may include a converter unit 530, an inverter unit 540, and a control unit 550 for controlling the converter unit 530 and the junction unit 540.

The junction box 200 may further include a bypass diode 510 for bypassing and a capacitor 520 for DC power storage.

The junction box 200 may further include a communication unit 580 for communication with an external gateway 80.

On the other hand, the junction box 200 receives the phase difference between the AC current io and the AC voltage vo output from the inverter unit 540 based on the power factor adjustment signal generated internally in the gateway 80 And a power factor adjustment unit 570 for adjusting the power factor.

The junction box 200 includes an input current sensing unit A, an input voltage sensing unit B, a converter output current detection unit C, a converter output voltage detection unit D, an inverter output current detection unit E, And an output voltage detecting unit (F).

Meanwhile, the control unit 550 can control the converter unit 530, the inverter unit 540, and the power factor adjusting unit 570.

Particularly, the control unit 550 receives the power factor adjustment signal Sph from the gateway 80 via the communication unit 580 and controls the phase of the outputted alternating current power to be variable on the basis of the power factor adjustment signal have.

The bypass diode unit 510 includes bypass diodes Dc, Db, Da disposed between the first to fourth conductive lines 135a, 135b, 135c, and 135d of the solar cell module 100, . At this time, it is preferable that the number of the bypass diodes is one or more and smaller than the number of the conductive lines by one.

The bypass diodes Dc, Db and Da are connected to the first to fourth conductive lines 135a, 135b, 135c and 135d in the solar cell module 100, Power is input. The bypass diodes Dc, Db, and Da can be bypassed when a reverse voltage is generated from a DC power source from at least one of the first through fourth conductive lines 135a, 135b, 135c, and 135d have.

On the other hand, the DC power source through the bypass diode 510 can be input to the capacitor 520.

The capacitor unit 520 may store an input DC power input through the solar cell module 100 and the bypass diode unit 510. [

In the figure, the capacitor unit 520 includes a plurality of capacitors Ca, Cb, and Cc connected in parallel to each other. Alternatively, a plurality of capacitors may be connected in series- It is also possible to connect to the terminal. Alternatively, it is also possible that the capacitor unit 520 includes only one capacitor.

The converter unit 530 can convert the level of the input voltage from the solar cell module 100 via the bypass diode unit 510 and the capacitor unit 520. [

In particular, the converter unit 530 can perform power conversion using the DC power stored in the capacitor unit 520.

For example, the converter unit 530 may include a plurality of resistance elements or a transformer, and may perform voltage division with respect to the input voltage based on the set target power.

In the drawing, a tapped inductor converter is illustrated as an example of the converter unit 530, but a flyback converter, a buck converter, a boost converter, and the like are possible.

The converter section 530, that is, the tap inductor converter shown in the figure has a tap inductor T, a switching element S1 connected between the tap inductor T and the ground terminal, a switch element S1 connected to the output terminal of the tap inductor, And a diode D1 for performing the operation.

On the other hand, a dc short capacitor (not shown) may be connected between the output terminal of the diode D1, that is, between the cathode and the ground terminal.

Specifically, the switching element S1 can be connected between the taps of the tap inductor T and the ground terminal. The output terminal (secondary side) of the tap inductor T is connected to the anode of the diode D1 and the dc-side capacitor C1 is connected between the cathode of the diode D1 and the ground terminal .

On the other hand, the primary side and the secondary side of the tap inductor T have opposite polarities. On the other hand, the tap inductor T may be referred to as a switching transformer.

On the other hand, the switching element S1 in the converter section 530 can be turned on / off based on the converter switching control signal from the control section 550. [ Thereby, the level-converted DC power can be outputted.

The inverter unit 540 can convert the DC power converted by the converter unit 530 into AC power.

In the drawing, a full-bridge inverter is illustrated. Namely, the upper and lower arm switching elements Sa and Sb connected in series to each other and the lower arm switching elements S'a and S'b are paired, and two pairs of upper and lower arm switching elements are connected in parallel to each other (Sa & Sb & S'b). Diodes may be connected in anti-parallel to each switching element Sa, S'a, Sb, S'b.

The switching elements Sa, S'a, Sb, and S'b in the inverter unit 540 can be turned on / off based on the inverter switching control signal from the control unit 550. [ As a result, an AC power source having a predetermined frequency can be output. Preferably, it has a frequency (approximately 60 Hz or 50 Hz) that is equal to the alternating frequency of the grid.

On the other hand, the capacitor C may be disposed between the converter unit 530 and the inverter unit 540.

The capacitor C may store the level-converted DC power of the converter unit 530. [ On the other hand, both ends of the capacitor C may be referred to as a dc stage, and accordingly, the capacitor C may be called a dc-stage capacitor.

The input current sensing unit A may sense the input current ic1 supplied from the solar cell module 100 to the capacitor unit 520. [

The input voltage sensing unit B may sense the input voltage Vc1 supplied from the solar cell module 100 to the capacitor unit 520. [ Here, the input voltage Vc1 may be equal to the voltage stored across the capacitor unit 520. [

The sensed input current ic1 and the input voltage vc1 may be input to the control unit 550. [

The converter output current detector C senses the output current ic2 output from the converter 530 or the dc converter current and the converter output voltage detector D outputs the output current ic2 output from the converter 530 And detects the output voltage vc2, i.e., the dc voltage. The sensed output current ic2 and the output voltage vc2 may be input to the control unit 550. [

On the other hand, the inverter output current detection unit E detects the current ic3 output from the inverter unit 540, and the inverter output voltage detection unit F detects the voltage vc3 output from the inverter unit 540 do. The detected current ic3 and the voltage vc3 are input to the control unit 550. [

On the other hand, the control unit 550 can output a control signal for controlling the switching element S1 of the converter unit 530. [ In particular, the control unit 550 controls the control unit 550 so that at least one of the detected input current ic1, the input voltage vc1, the output current ic2, the output voltage vc2, the output current ic3, or the output voltage vc3 On timing signal of the switching element S1 in the converter unit 530 can be output.

On the other hand, the control unit 550 can output an inverter control signal for controlling each switching element Sa, S'a, Sb, S'b of the inverter unit 540. In particular, the control unit 550 controls the control unit 550 so that at least one of the detected input current ic1, the input voltage vc1, the output current ic2, the output voltage vc2, the output current ic3, or the output voltage vc3 On timing signals of the respective switching elements Sa, S'a, Sb, S'b of the inverter unit 540 can be outputted based on the above-described signals.

On the other hand, the control unit 550 can control the converter unit 530 to calculate the maximum power point for the solar cell module 100 and output the DC power corresponding to the maximum power.

On the other hand, the communication unit 580 can perform communication with the gateway 80. [

For example, the communication unit 580 can exchange data with the gateway 80 by power line communication.

On the other hand, the communication unit 580 can receive the power factor adjustment signal Sph from the gateway 80. [

On the other hand, the communication unit 580 may transmit current information, voltage information, power information, and the like of the solar module 50 to the gateway 80. [

On the other hand, the power factor adjusting unit 570 may be disposed at the output terminal of the inverter unit 540.

The power factor adjusting unit 570 includes a plurality of passive elements and calculates a phase between the alternating current io and the alternating current voltage vo output from the inverter unit 540 based on at least a part of the plurality of passive elements You can adjust the difference.

For example, the power factor adjustment unit 570 includes a capacitor Cp, a first switching device Spa connected in series to the capacitor Cp, a capacitor Cp or a first switching device Spa, An inductor Lp connected in parallel to the inductor Lp, and a second switching element Spb connected in series to the inductor Lp.

On the other hand, based on the phase difference between the output current ic3 of the inverter section from the inverter output current detection section E and the output voltage vc3 of the inverter section from the inverter output voltage detection section F, It is possible to generate the power factor adjusting signal Sph and control the power factor adjusting unit 570 based on the power factor adjusting signal Sph.

The control unit 550 controls the operation of the first switching device Spa and the second switching device Spb based on the power factor adjustment signal Sph generated internally in the gateway 80. [ It is possible to output the control signal Scp to the power factor adjusting unit 570. [

For example, based on the power factor adjustment signal Sph including the phase pull signal from the gateway 80, the controller 550 turns on the first switching device Spa and the second switching device Spb Can be controlled to be turned off.

Alternatively, the control unit 550 may be configured such that the first switching device Spa is turned off and the second switching device Spb is turned on based on the power factor adjustment signal Sph including the phase delay signal from the gateway 80, Can be controlled to be turned on.

The operation of the power factor adjusting unit 570 will be described in more detail with reference to Figs. 5A to 5D.

5A to 5D are views referred to in the description of the operation of the solar module of FIG.

5A shows the output voltage vc3a and the output current ic3a of the inverter unit 540. As shown in Fig.

The output current ic3a of the inverter unit 540 is compared with the output voltage vc3a of the inverter unit 540 of Figure 5 It can be seen that the phase of the voltage vc3a is slower than the phase of the voltage vc3a by Td1.

Accordingly, the control unit 550 can generate the power factor adjustment signal Sph including the phase pull signal.

5B, the first switching device Spa is turned on and the second switching device Spb is turned on based on the power factor adjusting signal Sph including the phase pulling signal, Off.

That is, in order to pull the current phase of the solar module 50, the first switching device Spa connected to the capacitor Cp, which is a capacitive element, is turned on, The pulled-out output current waveform Ioa can be outputted.

The output current waveform Ioa can be almost the same in phase as the output voltage waveform Voa so that the power factor can be adjusted to approach 1. That is, the loss of the output power of the solar module 50 is reduced.

5A, the gateway 80 can generate the power factor adjusting signal Sph using the alternating current io and the alternating voltage vo output from the solar module 50. [

5A, when the phase of the AC current io output from the solar module 50 is slower than the AC voltage vo, the gateway 80 outputs the power factor adjustment signal Sph) can be generated and output.

The control unit 550 in the solar module 50 receives the power factor adjustment signal Sph for pulling the phase by Td1 through the communication unit 580 and outputs the power factor adjustment signal Sph to the first switching device Spa is turned on and the second switching device Spb is turned off.

5C shows the output voltage vc3b and the output current ic3b of the inverter unit 540. As shown in Fig.

The output voltage vc3b of the inverter unit 540 and the output current ic3b of the inverter unit 540 of Figure 5c are compared with each other so that the phase of the output current ic3b of the inverter unit 540 becomes the output of the inverter unit 540 It can be seen that the phase of the voltage vc3b is faster than the phase of the voltage vc3b by Td2.

Accordingly, the control unit 550 can generate the power factor adjustment signal Sph including the phase delay signal.

5D, the first switching device Spa is turned off and the second switching device Spb is turned on, based on the power factor adjusting signal Sph including the phase delay signal, On.

That is, by turning on the second switching device Spb connected to the inductor Lp, which is an inductive element, to delay the current phase of the solar module 50, The output current waveform Iob, which is delayed, can be outputted.

The output current waveform Iob can be almost the same phase as the output voltage waveform Vob so that the power factor can be adjusted to approach 1. That is, the loss of the output power of the solar module 50 is reduced.

5C, the gateway 80 can generate the power factor adjustment signal Sph using the alternating current io and the alternating voltage vo output from the solar module 50. [

5C, when the phase of the alternating current io outputted from the solar module 50 is faster than the alternating voltage vo, the gateway 80 outputs the power adjusting signal (FIG. 5C) including the phase delay signal Sph) can be generated and output.

Accordingly, the control unit 550 in the solar module 50 receives the power factor adjustment signal Sph that causes the phase to be delayed by Td2 through the communication unit 580, The switching element Spa is turned off and the second switching element Spb is turned on.

Fig. 6 is an example of an internal block diagram of the gateway of Fig. 1A or 1B.

The gateway 80 includes a first current detector 82 for detecting an alternating current io output from the solar module 50 and a second current detector 82 for detecting an alternating current voltage vo A second current detector 84 for detecting the current of the alternating current power source of the grid, and a controller 88. The voltage detector 83 detects the voltage of the AC power source of the grid.

The control unit 88 of the gateway 80 controls the power factor adjustment based on the phase difference between the alternating current io output from the solar module 50 and the alternating voltage vo output from the solar module 50 It is possible to generate and output the signal Sph.

For example, when the phase of the alternating current io is slower than the phase of the alternating voltage vo, the gateway 80 outputs the power adjusting signal Sph including the phase pulling signal, and the alternating current io ) Is higher than the AC voltage (vo) phase, it is possible to output the power factor adjustment signal Sph including the phase delay signal.

The gateway 80 may further include a solar module 50 and a communication unit 86 for performing communication such as power line communication.

The communication unit 86 can transmit the power factor adjustment signal Sph generated by the control unit 88 to at least one solar module 50. [

On the other hand, in the case of the photovoltaic system 10b having a plurality of solar modules as shown in FIG. 1B, the same power factor adjustment signal Sph is output to the plurality of solar modules 50 through the gateway 80 So that the power factor of the AC power outputted from each solar module 50 can be easily adjusted.

On the other hand, based on the alternating current io output from the solar module 50 and the second current of the alternating current power of the grid, the control unit 88 controls the phase of at least one solar module 50 A phase variable signal may be generated.

For example, the control unit 88 generates a phase pulling signal when the phase of the current of the grid is faster than the phase of the current of the photovoltaic module 50, , It is possible to generate a phase delay signal.

The communication unit 86 outputs a phase pulling signal when the phase of the current of the grid is faster than the phase of the current of the solar module 50, It is possible to output the phase delay signal.

By the operation of the gateway 80, the phase of the AC power outputted from the solar module 50 can be simply matched to the grid.

FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of the solar cell module of FIG. 2. FIG.

Referring to FIG. 7, the solar cell module 100 of FIG. 2 may include a plurality of solar cells 130. The first sealing material 120 and the second sealing material 150 located on the lower surface and the upper surface of the plurality of solar cells 130 and the rear substrate 110 and the second sealing material 120 located on the lower surfaces of the first sealing material 120, And may further include a front substrate 160 positioned on the top surface of the sealing member 150.

The solar cell 130 is a semiconductor device that converts solar energy into electrical energy. The solar cell 130 may be a silicon solar cell, a compound semiconductor solar cell, a tandem solar cell, Dye-sensitized or CdTe, CIGS type solar cells, thin film solar cells, and the like.

The solar cell 130 is formed of a light receiving surface on which solar light is incident and a rear surface opposite to the light receiving surface. For example, the solar cell 130 includes a silicon substrate of a first conductivity type, a second conductivity type semiconductor layer formed on the silicon substrate and having a conductivity type opposite to that of the first conductivity type, An antireflection film formed on the second conductive type semiconductor layer and having at least one opening exposing a part of the surface of the second conductive type semiconductor layer; And a rear electrode formed on the rear surface of the silicon substrate.

Each solar cell 130 may be electrically connected in series, parallel, or series-parallel. Specifically, a plurality of solar cells 130 can be electrically connected by a ribbon 133. [ The ribbon 133 may be bonded to the front electrode formed on the light receiving surface of the solar cell 130 and the rear electrode collecting electrode formed on the rear surface of another adjacent solar cell 130. [

In the figure, it is illustrated that the ribbon 133 is formed in two lines, and the solar cell 130 is connected in series by the ribbon 133 to form the solar cell string 140.

Thus, as described with reference to FIG. 2, six strings 140a, 140b, 140c, 140d, 140e, and 140f are formed, and each string may include ten solar cells.

The back substrate 110 may be, but is not limited to, a TPT (Tedlar / PET / Tedlar) type having a waterproof, insulating and ultraviolet shielding function as a back sheet. Although the rear substrate 110 is shown as a rectangular shape in FIG. 4, the rear substrate 110 may be formed in various shapes such as a circular shape and a semicircular shape according to the environment in which the solar cell module 100 is installed.

The first sealing material 120 may be attached to the rear substrate 110 to have the same size as the rear substrate 110 and a plurality of solar cells 130 may be formed on the first sealing material 120 And can be positioned adjacent to each other so as to achieve the same.

The second sealing member 150 may be positioned on the solar cell 130 and may be laminated to the first sealing member 120.

Here, the first sealant 120 and the second sealant 150 allow each element of the solar cell to chemically bond. The first sealing material 120 and the second sealing material 150 can be various examples such as an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) film.

On the other hand, the front substrate 160 is preferably placed on the second sealing material 150 so as to transmit sunlight, and is preferably made of tempered glass in order to protect the solar cell 130 from an external impact or the like. Further, it is more preferable to use a low-iron-content tempered glass containing a small amount of iron in order to prevent the reflection of sunlight and increase the transmittance of sunlight.

The solar cell module and the solar cell system having the solar cell module according to the present invention are not limited to the configuration and method of the embodiments described above, All or some of them may be selectively combined.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments, but, on the contrary, It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

A solar cell module comprising a plurality of solar cells;
A converter for level-converting DC power from the solar cell module;
An inverter unit for converting a DC power from the converter unit and outputting AC power;
A power factor adjustment unit that includes a plurality of passive elements and adjusts a phase difference between an AC current and an AC voltage output from the inverter unit based on at least a part of the plurality of passive elements; And
And a control unit for controlling the power factor adjusting unit based on the power factor adjusting signal.

The method according to claim 1,
And a communication unit for exchanging data with an external gateway,
Wherein,
And controls the power factor adjusting unit based on a power factor adjusting signal from the gateway.

The method according to claim 1,
An inverter output current detector for detecting an output current of the inverter; And
And an inverter output voltage detector for detecting an output voltage of the inverter unit,
Wherein,
Generates the power factor adjusting signal based on the phase difference between the inverter output current and the inverter output voltage, and controls the power factor adjusting unit based on the power factor adjusting signal.

The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the power-
Capacitor;
A first switching device connected in series to the capacitor;
An inductor connected in parallel to the capacitor or the first switching element;
And a second switching element connected in series to the inductor.

5. The method of claim 4,
Wherein,
And controls the first switching device to be turned on and the second switching device to be turned off based on a phase pulling signal of the power factor adjusting signal.

5. The method of claim 4,
Wherein,
Wherein the first switching element is turned off and the second switching element is turned on based on a phase delay signal of the power factor adjusting signal.

3. The method of claim 2,
Wherein,
And exchanges data with the gateway by power line communication.

3. The method of claim 2,
Wherein,
Receives the phase adjustment signal from the gateway through the communication unit and controls the phase of the alternating voltage output from the inverter unit based on the phase adjustment signal.

At least one solar module for converting a DC power from the solar cell module and outputting AC power;
And a gateway for outputting a power factor adjustment signal for power factor adjustment of the at least one solar module based on a phase difference between an alternating current and an alternating current output from the solar module,
In the solar module,
A solar cell module comprising a plurality of solar cells;
A converter for level-converting DC power from the solar cell module;
An inverter unit for converting a DC power from the converter unit and outputting AC power;
A power factor adjustment unit that includes a plurality of passive elements and adjusts a phase difference between an AC current and an AC voltage output from the inverter unit based on at least a part of the plurality of passive elements;
A communication unit for exchanging data with the gateway; And
And a control unit for controlling the power factor adjusting unit based on the power factor adjustment signal from the gateway.

10. The method of claim 9,
Wherein the power-
Capacitor;
A first switching device connected in series to the capacitor;
An inductor connected in parallel to the capacitor or the first switching element;
And a second switching element connected in series to the inductor.

11. The method of claim 10,
Wherein,
And controls the first switching element to be turned on and the second switching element to be turned off based on a phase pulling signal of the power factor adjusting signal.

11. The method of claim 10,
Wherein,
Wherein the first switching element is turned off and the second switching element is turned on based on a phase delay signal of the power factor adjusting signal.

10. The method of claim 9,
Wherein,
And exchanges data with the gateway by power line communication.

10. The method of claim 9,
The gateway comprises:
A current detector for detecting an alternating current outputted from the solar module;
And a voltage detector for detecting an AC voltage output from the solar module,
And outputs a phase pull-up signal when the phase of the alternating current is slower than the phase of the alternating current voltage,
And outputs a phase delay signal when the phase of the alternating current is faster than the alternating voltage phase.

10. The method of claim 9,
The gateway comprises:
And outputs the same power factor adjustment signal to a plurality of solar modules.