WO2017185962A1 - 一种分发方法、补偿方法、系统、设备及计算机存储介质 - Google Patents

一种分发方法、补偿方法、系统、设备及计算机存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017185962A1
WO2017185962A1 PCT/CN2017/079637 CN2017079637W WO2017185962A1 WO 2017185962 A1 WO2017185962 A1 WO 2017185962A1 CN 2017079637 W CN2017079637 W CN 2017079637W WO 2017185962 A1 WO2017185962 A1 WO 2017185962A1
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Prior art keywords
content
multicast
receiving
distribution
receiving device
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PCT/CN2017/079637
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English (en)
French (fr)
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黄德光
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2017185962A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017185962A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/64—Addressing
    • H04N21/6405—Multicasting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/02—Details
    • H04L12/16—Arrangements for providing special services to substations
    • H04L12/18—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/64—Addressing
    • H04N21/6402—Address allocation for clients
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/64—Addressing
    • H04N21/6408—Unicasting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/643—Communication protocols

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to a distribution method, a compensation method, a system, a device, and a computer storage medium.
  • the server develops horizontally and vertically, and the whole network gradually evolves into a ring structure or a hierarchical structure.
  • the currently commonly used method is point-to-point acquisition.
  • a content needs to be distributed throughout the network, it may consume more network traffic, and in addition, use unicast.
  • the content distribution process is interrupted, and two distributions need to be triggered for two contents on different servers.
  • the use of multicast for distribution can solve the problem of low unicast efficiency.
  • the multicast source sends information once.
  • the multicast router uses the multicast routing protocol to establish a tree-shaped route for the multicast data packet.
  • the transmitted information starts to be copied and distributed at the forked intersection as far as possible.
  • This method is generally used in the live broadcast service. Because the user access time is uncertain, it is more suitable to use multicast only if the service clock and the live broadcast source are consistent. Therefore, the use of multicast for content distribution has the following problems: receiving synchronization problems, once the content starts to multicast, the content will be forwarded, such as If the receiving end does not join the multicast group in time, the received content is missing. Without feedback mechanism, multicast is actually a one-way protocol. If packet loss needs to be compensated during transmission, multicast cannot be used for feedback.
  • the embodiments of the present invention are expected to provide a distribution method, a compensation method, a system, a device, and a computer storage medium to solve the problem that the content distribution efficiency is low by the unicast method.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a distribution method, which is applied to a content distribution network, and includes: the management device instructs the distribution device to distribute the to-be-distributed content in a multicast manner, so that the distribution device distributes the information to the receiving device according to the indication.
  • the content to be distributed includes:
  • the receiving device is informed to receive the content to be received in a multicast manner.
  • the management device notifies the distribution device to distribute the content to be distributed in a multicast manner, including: the management device notifies the distribution device to distribute the content by sending a distribution task to the distribution device, where the distribution task includes: a task label The information of the distribution content, the multicast address information, the start time of the multicast advertisement, and the address of the unicast compensation; the notification receiving device receives the content to be received in a multicast manner, including: the management device passes the receiving device The manner of sending and receiving the task informs the receiving device of the content to be received, and the receiving task includes: the task label, the identification information of the received content, the multicast address information, the start time of the multicast advertisement, and the address of the unicast compensation.
  • the management device, the distribution device, and the receiving device all join the same multicast group, and the content sent by the management device includes: packet segmentation start identification, packet type, packet specific content, and The message segmentation end identification, wherein the message type includes a task and a media stream; when the message type is a task, the content carried by the message includes: a task label, an identification information of the distributed content, and a multicast address. The information and the start time of the multicast advertisement and the address of the unicast compensation; when the type of the packet is a media stream, the content carried by the packet includes: packet segmentation start identification, file segmentation description, file Segmentation and end of message segmentation.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a distribution system, which is applied to a content distribution network, and includes:
  • the management device is configured to notify the distribution device to distribute the to-be-distributed content in a multicast manner, and to notify the receiving device to receive the content to be received in a multicast manner;
  • the distribution device is configured to be distributed to the receiving device in a multicast manner according to the indication of the management device. Distribute content.
  • the management device is configured to: notify the distribution device to distribute the content by sending the distribution task to the distribution device, where the distribution task includes: task label, identification information of the distributed content, multicast address information, and multicast distribution.
  • the start time and the address of the unicast compensation notify the receiving device of the content to be received by sending the receiving task to the receiving device, and the receiving task includes: the task label, the identification information of the received content, the multicast address information, and the multicast release The start time and the address of the unicast compensation.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides a management device, where the management device includes a first sending unit and a second sending unit.
  • the first sending unit is configured to notify the distribution device to distribute the content to be distributed in a multicast manner, so that the distribution device distributes the to-be-distributed content to the receiving device according to the indication in a multicast manner;
  • the second sending unit is configured to notify the receiving device to receive the content to be received in a multicast manner.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a compensation method, including: when the receiving device receives the missing content in the multicast mode, the receiving device sends the compensation to the distribution device that stores the missing content by using the unicast mode. Request, compensation request is used to request to get missing content.
  • the compensation method further includes: receiving a content compensation address from the management device before receiving the first content delivered by the multicast mode; and sending the content to the distribution device that stores the missing content by using a unicast method
  • the compensation request includes: sending a compensation request to the content distribution device corresponding to the content compensation address.
  • the sending, by the unicast mode, the compensation request to the distribution device that saves the missing content comprises: sending a compensation request to the distribution device that distributes the first content.
  • the compensation request includes at least one of the following information or a group of information Combination: The name of the slice, the name/identification of the file to which the missing segment belongs, the combination of the missing start offset, and the length.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a compensation system, including: a receiving device and a distribution device, where the receiving device is configured to perform unicast in the case that the received first content sent by the multicast mode is missing.
  • the method sends a compensation request to the distribution device that holds the missing content, the compensation request being used to request acquisition of the missing content.
  • the system further includes a management device, and the receiving device is configured to receive a content compensation address from the management device before receiving the first content delivered by the multicast mode;
  • the receiving device is configured to receive a content compensation address from the management device before receiving the first content delivered by the multicast mode;
  • the content distribution device corresponding to the content compensation address is sent a compensation request.
  • the receiving device is configured to send a compensation request to the distribution device that distributes the first content when the received first content delivered by the multicast mode is missing.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides a receiving device, where the receiving device includes: a first receiving unit and a third sending unit;
  • the first receiving unit is configured to receive the first content that is delivered by using the multicast mode.
  • the third sending unit is configured to send a compensation request to the distribution device that stores the missing content by using a unicast method, where the compensation request is used to request to acquire the missing content.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a compensation method, including: the management device notifying the distribution device to distribute the content to be distributed in a multicast manner, and informing the receiving device to receive the content to be received in a multicast manner; the distribution device according to the instruction of the management device Distributing the content to be distributed to the receiving device in a multicast manner; after receiving the compensation request sent by the receiving device in the unicast manner, the distributing device searches for the content missing from the receiving device according to the compensation request, and sends the found content to the receiving device.
  • the management device informs the distribution device to distribute the distribution to be distributed in a multicast manner.
  • Receiving, and informing the receiving device to receive the content to be received in a multicast manner the method includes: the management device periodically sends the list of the content to be distributed to the multicast address in a multicast manner, so that the receiving device obtains the content according to the list request.
  • the distribution device distributes the to-be-distributed content to the receiving device in a multicast manner according to the indication of the management device, including: after receiving the content request of the receiving device, the distribution device determines the number requested by the receiving device Whether the second content is being distributed in the first multicast address; when the second content requested by the receiving device is being distributed in the first multicast address, the receiving device is notified to obtain the second content from the first multicast address; When the second content requested by the receiving device is not being distributed by the first multicast address, whether the number of all receiving devices that currently request the second content from the distributing device exceeds a threshold, and if the threshold is exceeded, the second multicast address is re-recovered. Distributing the second content, and notifying all receiving devices to switch to the second multicast address to receive the second content, if the threshold is not exceeded, Device directly in a unicast manner in response to a request all the content receiving apparatus.
  • the method further includes: when the management device receives the frequency of the absence of the third content reception received by the receiving device, the notification device re-distributes the missing part in a multicast manner.
  • the third content when the management device receives the frequency of the absence of the third content reception received by the receiving device, the notification device re-distributes the missing part in a multicast manner. The third content.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a compensation system, comprising: a management device, configured to notify the distribution device to distribute the content to be distributed in a multicast manner, and to inform the receiving device to receive the content to be received in a multicast manner; the distribution device, the configuration Distributing the content to be distributed to the receiving device in a multicast manner according to the indication of the management device, and after receiving the compensation request sent by the receiving device in a unicast manner, searching for the content missing from the receiving device according to the compensation request Sending the found content to the receiving device.
  • a management device configured to notify the distribution device to distribute the content to be distributed in a multicast manner, and to inform the receiving device to receive the content to be received in a multicast manner
  • the distribution device the configuration Distributing the content to be distributed to the receiving device in a multicast manner according to the indication of the management device, and after receiving the compensation request sent by the receiving device in a unicast manner, searching for the content missing from the receiving device according to the compensation request Sending the found content to the receiving
  • the management device is configured to: periodically send the list of the content to be distributed to the multicast address in a multicast manner, so that the receiving device acquires the content according to the list request;
  • the distribution device is configured to: After receiving the content request of the receiving device, determining whether the second content requested by the receiving device is being distributed by the first multicast address; when the receiving device requests The second content is in the first multicast address for distribution, notifying the receiving device to acquire the second content from the first multicast address; when the second content requested by the receiving device is not in the first multicast address for distribution If the number of all receiving devices that currently request the second content from the distribution device exceeds a threshold, if the threshold is exceeded, the second content is redistributed at the second multicast address, and all receiving devices are notified to switch to the second multicast.
  • the address receives the second content, and if the threshold is not exceeded, the distribution device responds directly to the content request of all receiving devices in a unicast manner.
  • the management device is further configured to notify the distribution device to re-send the multicast device when the frequency of the third content receiving feedback that is received by the receiving device exceeds a threshold. The way to distribute the third part of the missing part.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer storage medium, wherein the computer storage medium stores computer executable instructions, and the computer executable instructions are used in a distribution method applied to a content distribution network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a computer storage medium, wherein the computer storage medium stores computer executable instructions, and the computer executable instructions are used to execute the compensation method according to the embodiment of the invention.
  • the management device notifies the distribution device and the receiving device to deliver the content and receive the content, so that the receiving device can join the multicast group to receive the content in time, and the receiving device saves or saves the file incomplete.
  • the distribution device is requested to compensate for the missing part of the content, so that when the receiving device receives the file abnormality or joins the multicast group for a later time than the multicast sending time, the file can be completely distributed.
  • Embodiment 1 is a flowchart of a distribution method provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a structural block diagram of a distribution system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a unicast compensation method according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a structural block diagram of a content compensation system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a structural block diagram of a multicast distribution system in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a multicast distribution process according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Example 9 is a flowchart of a content distribution process provided by Example 5 of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a flow chart showing the content distribution process according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a distribution method and a compensation method, in particular, a multicast distribution method, a unicast compensation method, and a content compensation method, in order to solve the problem of low efficiency of content distribution in a unicast manner in the prior art.
  • a distribution method and a compensation method in particular, a multicast distribution method, a unicast compensation method, and a content compensation method, in order to solve the problem of low efficiency of content distribution in a unicast manner in the prior art.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of the method. As shown in FIG. 1, the method includes the following steps:
  • Step 101 The management device instructs the distribution device to distribute the to-be-distributed content in a multicast manner, so that the distribution device distributes the to-be-distributed content to the receiving device in a multicast manner according to the indication.
  • Step 102 Inform the receiving device to receive the content to be received in a multicast manner.
  • the tasks delivered by the management device to the distribution device and the receiving device may be carried by a message, which may be through a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP, HyperText Transfer Protocol) and a JS object identifier (JSON, JavaScript Object Notation), or HTTP and
  • the management device instructs the distribution device to distribute the to-be-distributed content in a multicast manner, which may include: the manner in which the management device sends the distribution task to the distribution device.
  • the distribution tasks include: task label, identification information of the distributed content, multicast address information, multicast transmission The start time of the cloth and the address of the unicast compensation; the notification receiving device receives the content to be received in a multicast manner, including: the management device notifies the receiving device of the content to be received by sending the receiving task to the receiving device, and the receiving task includes: The task label, the identification information of the received content, the multicast address information, the start time of the multicast advertisement, and the address of the unicast compensation.
  • the format used for file transmission may also adopt a manner specified by a current FLUTE (File delivery over unidirectional transport) protocol or an Asynchronous Layered Coding (ALC) protocol.
  • FLUTE File delivery over unidirectional transport
  • ALC Asynchronous Layered Coding
  • the management device can directly send the task in the multicast mode.
  • the management device, the distribution device, and the receiving device are all added to the same multicast group.
  • the content sent by the management device may include: Segmentation start identification, packet type, packet specific content, and packet segmentation end identification, where the packet type includes the task and the media stream; when the packet type is a task, the content carried by the packet includes: task label, distribution The identification information of the content, the multicast address information, and the start time of the multicast advertisement and the address of the unicast compensation.
  • the type of the packet is a media stream
  • the content carried by the packet includes: packet segmentation start identification and file division. Segment description, file segmentation, and message segmentation end identification.
  • FIG. 2 is a structural block diagram of the system 20. As shown in FIG. 2, the system includes the following components:
  • the management device 21 is configured to notify the distribution device to distribute the content to be distributed in a multicast manner, and notify the receiving device to receive the content to be received in a multicast manner;
  • the distribution device 22 is configured to distribute the to-be-distributed content to the receiving device in a multicast manner according to the indication of the management device.
  • the management device 21 is configured to: notify the distribution device to distribute the content by sending the distribution task to the distribution device, where the distribution task includes: the task label, the identification information of the distributed content, the multicast address information, and the start of the multicast advertisement. Time and unicast compensation address;
  • the receiving device sends the receiving task to the receiving device to inform the receiving content, and the receiving task includes: the task label, the identification information of the received content, the multicast address information, the start time of the multicast publishing, and the address of the unicast compensation.
  • the management device 21, the distribution device 22, and the receiving device all join the same multicast group, and the content sent by the management device includes: packet segmentation start identification, packet type, packet specific content, and packet segmentation end identification.
  • the packet type includes the task and the media stream.
  • the content of the packet includes: the task label, the identifier of the distributed content, the multicast address information, and the start time of the multicast advertisement.
  • the address of the broadcast compensation; when the type of the message is a media stream, the content carried by the message includes: message segmentation start identification, file segmentation description, file segmentation, and message segmentation end identification.
  • the management device 21 is further configured to: determine identification information of the distributed content, multicast address information, and a start time of the multicast, and send the identifier information, the multicast address, and the multicast start time of the distributed content to a distribution device and a receiving device; based on this, the distribution device 22 may be configured to determine the distribution content according to the identification information of the distribution content, and send the distribution content to the multicast address at the multicast start time; and the receiving device is configured to The multicast group is added to the multicast group according to the multicast start time and the multicast address information, and the multicast content is received, and the content is written to the corresponding local file system according to the received identification information of the multicast content.
  • the multicast distribution system provided in this embodiment may further support unicast compensation after the multicast distribution, and the distribution device 22 may be configured to: receive the content compensation request of the receiving device;
  • the missing file information in the content compensation request locates a subfile or a file fragment of the specified file; wherein the missing file information herein includes at least one of the following information or a combination of information: segment name, original file identification information, file identifier , or a combination of the starting offset and the length corresponding to the missing file range, to send a subfile or file fragment of the specified file to the receiving device.
  • the receiving device may be further configured to: when a file download is detected to be incomplete or incomplete
  • the content management device is further configured to determine whether to notify the distribution device to resend the missing portion of the file according to the frequency of feedback of the incomplete or incompletely saved file.
  • the multicast distribution system provided in this embodiment includes at least one distribution device and one receiving device.
  • the multicast address may also include multiple, and the distribution device simultaneously sends the multicast stream to the multiple multicast addresses.
  • the management device 21 is further configured to: periodically send the list of content to be distributed to the multicast address in a multicast manner; based on the configuration, the receiving device is further configured to: after receiving the list And sequentially checking whether the file in the list exists locally, and if not, requesting the file from the distribution device corresponding to the file; based on this, the distribution device 22 is further configured to: after receiving the request of the receiving device, determine the request of the receiving device Whether the file is being distributed in multicast mode; when the file requested by the receiving device is being distributed in multicast mode, the receiving device is notified to obtain the file from the corresponding multicast address, and when the file requested by the receiving device is not being distributed in multicast mode If the number of all receiving devices that have requested the file exceeds the threshold, if the threshold is exceeded, the file is sent in multicast mode, and all receiving devices are notified to receive the file from the corresponding multicast address. If the threshold is not exceeded. , the distribution device responds directly to requests from all receiving devices.
  • the embodiment further provides a management device, where the management device includes a first sending unit and a second sending unit;
  • the first sending unit is configured to notify the distribution device to distribute the content to be distributed in a multicast manner, so that the distribution device distributes the to-be-distributed content to the receiving device according to the indication in a multicast manner;
  • the second sending unit is configured to notify the receiving device to receive the content to be received in a multicast manner.
  • the first sending unit is configured to notify the distribution device of the content to be distributed by sending a distribution task to the distribution device, where the distribution task includes: a task target Number, identification information of the distributed content, multicast address information, start time of multicast distribution, and address of unicast compensation;
  • the second sending unit is configured to notify the receiving device of the content to be received by sending a receiving task to the receiving device, where the receiving task includes: a task label, identifier information of the received content, and multicast address information. The start time of the multicast release and the address of the unicast compensation.
  • the content sent by the first sending unit and the second sending unit includes: packet segmentation start identification, packet type, The specific content of the message and the end of the segmentation of the message, wherein the message type includes a task and a media stream;
  • the content carried by the packet includes: a task label, identifier information of the distributed content, multicast address information, a start time of the multicast advertisement, and an address of the unicast compensation;
  • the content carried by the packet includes: packet segmentation start identification, file segmentation description, file segmentation, and message segmentation end identification.
  • the embodiment provides a compensation method, and the compensation method is applied to a receiving device. As shown in FIG. 3, the method includes the following steps:
  • Step 301 The receiving device detects that the received first content delivered by the multicast mode is missing.
  • Step 302 Send a compensation request to the distribution device that saves the missing content by using a unicast method, and the compensation request is used to request to acquire the missing content.
  • the method may further include: receiving a content compensation address from the management device before receiving the first content delivered by the multicast mode; and transmitting the compensation to the distribution device storing the missing content by using a unicast manner Request, including: corresponding to the content compensation address
  • the content distribution device sends a compensation request.
  • the sending the compensation request to the distribution device that saves the missing content by using the unicast mode may include: sending a compensation request to the distribution device that distributes the first content.
  • the foregoing compensation request includes at least one of the following information or a combination of information: a slice name, a name/identification of a file to which the missing segment belongs, a missing start offset, and a combination of lengths.
  • the embodiment further provides a compensation system, where the compensation system includes a receiving device and a distribution device, and the receiving device is configured to receive the received multicast mode.
  • the compensation system includes a receiving device and a distribution device, and the receiving device is configured to receive the received multicast mode.
  • a compensation request is sent to the distribution device storing the missing content by unicast, and the compensation request is used to request acquisition of the missing content.
  • the system further includes a management device.
  • the receiving device in this embodiment is configured to receive a content compensation address from the management device before receiving the first content delivered by the multicast mode. It is further configured to send a compensation request to the content distribution device corresponding to the content compensation address when the received content downloaded by the multicast mode is incomplete or incompletely stored.
  • the receiving device in this embodiment is configured to: when the received first content sent by the multicast mode is missing, send a compensation request to the distribution device that distributes the first content.
  • the foregoing compensation request includes at least one of the following information or a combination of information: a slice name, a name/identification of a file to which the missing segment belongs, a missing start offset, and a combination of lengths.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a receiving device.
  • the receiving device includes: a first receiving unit and a third sending unit;
  • the first receiving unit is configured to receive the first content that is delivered by using the multicast mode.
  • the third sending unit is configured to send a compensation request to the distribution device that stores the missing content by using a unicast method, where the compensation request is used to request to acquire the missing content.
  • the first receiving unit is further configured to receive a content compensation address from the management device before receiving the first content delivered by the multicast mode;
  • the third sending unit is configured to send a compensation request to the content distribution device corresponding to the content compensation address.
  • the third sending unit is configured to send a compensation request to a distribution device that distributes the first content.
  • the compensation request includes at least one of the following information or a combination of information: a slice name, a name/identification of the file to which the missing segment belongs, a missing start offset, and a combination of lengths.
  • This embodiment provides a compensation method, which is implemented by a management device and a distribution device. As shown in FIG. 4, the method includes the following steps:
  • Step 401 The management device informs the distribution device to distribute the content to be distributed in a multicast manner, and informs the receiving device to receive the content to be received in a multicast manner.
  • Step 402 The distribution device distributes the to-be-distributed content to the receiving device in a multicast manner according to the indication of the management device.
  • Step 403 After receiving the compensation request sent by the receiving device by using the unicast mode, the distribution device searches for the missing content of the receiving device according to the compensation request, and sends the found content to the receiving device.
  • the management device notifying the distribution device to distribute the content to be distributed in a multicast manner, and informing the receiving device to receive the content to be received in the multicast manner may include:
  • the management device periodically sends the list of the content to be distributed to the multicast address in a multicast manner, so that the receiving device obtains the content according to the list request; the distribution device distributes the content to be distributed to the receiving device in a multicast manner according to the instruction of the management device, including After receiving the content request of the receiving device, the distribution device determines whether the second content requested by the receiving device is being distributed by the first multicast address; Notifying the receiving device to acquire the second content from the first multicast address when the second content requested by the receiving device is being distributed by the first multicast address; when the second content requested by the receiving device is not in the first group When the address is broadcasted for distribution, it is checked whether the number of all receiving devices that currently request the second content from the distribution device exceeds a threshold.
  • the second content is redistributed at the second multicast address, and all receiving devices are notified to switch.
  • the distribution device directly responds to the content request of all the receiving devices in a unicast manner.
  • the compensation method in this embodiment may further include: when the management device receives the frequency of the third content receiving feedback that is received by the receiving device, the notification device re-distributes in a multicast manner. The third part of the missing part.
  • the embodiment further provides a compensation system.
  • the system 50 includes:
  • the management device 51 is configured to notify the distribution device to distribute the content to be distributed in a multicast manner, and notify the receiving device to receive the content to be received in a multicast manner;
  • the distribution device 52 is configured to distribute the to-be-distributed content to the receiving device in a multicast manner according to the indication of the management device, and after receiving the compensation request sent by the receiving device in a unicast manner, searching for the missing content of the receiving device according to the compensation request, and searching The content is sent to the receiving device.
  • the management device 51 in this embodiment is configured to: periodically send the list of the content to be distributed to the multicast address in a multicast manner, so that the receiving device obtains the content according to the list request;
  • the distribution device 52 is specifically configured to: receive After receiving the content request of the receiving device, determining whether the second content requested by the receiving device is being distributed by the first multicast address; and when the second content requested by the receiving device is being distributed by the first multicast address, notifying the receiving device from Acquiring the second content at the first multicast address; when the second content requested by the receiving device is not in the first multicast address for distribution, checking whether the number of all receiving devices that currently request the second content from the distribution device exceeds Threshold, if the threshold is exceeded, redistributing the second content at the second multicast address, and notifying all receiving devices to switch to the second multicast address to receive the second content. If the threshold is not exceeded, the distributing device directly The broadcast mode responds to content requests from all receiving devices.
  • the management device 51 in this embodiment is further configured to notify the distribution device 52 to re-distribute the multicast in a multicast manner when the frequency of the case where the third content receiving feedback received by the receiving device exceeds the threshold is received by the management device 51. Part of the third content.
  • the content management module ie, the management device
  • the content distribution module ie, the distribution device
  • the content receiving module is That is, the above-mentioned receiving device is deployed on a server (server 3).
  • the system structure diagram involved in this embodiment is shown in FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a multicast distribution process according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7, the process includes the following processing:
  • the content management module on the server 1 delivers the identification information of the content and the confirmed multicast address information to the content distribution module on the server 2.
  • the content distribution module on the server 2 confirms whether the file exists locally according to the identification information of the content to be distributed. If the file does not exist or the file is damaged, the content management module on the server 1 returns a failure, otherwise the return is successful. In the case that the returning is successful, the content distribution module finds and reads the local file according to the local identification information of the content, and starts to send the content to the specified multicast address according to the specified format.
  • File sending adopts the method of file segmentation recognition + file segmentation description + file segmentation + file segmentation recognition. File segmentation If file segmentation is not performed, the file segment is described as the file name or label of the complete file to which the file segment belongs, and the offset of the relative complete file and the size of the segment.
  • the file segmentation is described as the file name or label of the file segment and the size of this segment.
  • the file segmentation identification may be a fixed-length byte string, and the file segmentation content needs to be encoded according to the selected fixed-length byte string, so as to avoid the content of the transmission segment and the content of the file segmentation recognition being duplicated, and the decoding cannot be performed, and at the same time, the file
  • the format used for sending can also be Adopt the method specified by the current FLUTE protocol or ALC protocol.
  • the content management module on the server 1 notifies the node to be received according to the identification information of the content, the confirmed multicast address information, and the node to be distributed, and the node to be received corresponds to the content receiving module of the server 3.
  • the content receiving module on the server 3 determines whether the file already exists locally, and if so, returns directly. Otherwise, according to the multicast address, join the multicast group, and write the content to the file handle of the local file system corresponding to the specified file identification information according to the specified format.
  • the content receiving module of the server 3 initiates a content distribution compensation request to the content distribution module on the server 2, carrying the missing file specific information (segment name) Or the original file identification information, the starting offset and the length corresponding to the missing file range, or the file identifier).
  • the content distribution module on the server 2 locates the file fragment or subfile based on the missing file specific information, and then responds to the content receiving module on the server 3 using the located file.
  • the content receiving module on the server 3 locates the local storage location according to the file description information and writes the file.
  • the content receiving module on the server 3 periodically checks whether the portion requested before being completed has been completed, and if not, retry the request. If the number of retries is exceeded, the retry is stopped, and at the same time, the full file or the reserved file can be deleted.
  • the content used by the content receiving module of the server 3 and the content distribution module of the server 2 may be a plurality of peer-to-peer protocols such as HTTP, RTSP, RTP, RTCP, RTSP, UDP, P2P, etc.;
  • the server can carry multiple multicast addresses and compensation addresses to the server 3.
  • the content receiving module on the server 3 can switch to another multicast address without receiving data for a certain period of time.
  • the content receiving module can switch to another compensation address to compensate if the compensation fails.
  • the server can carry the start time of the task.
  • the server 2 starts transmitting content at a specified time
  • the server 3 starts receiving content at a specified time.
  • the content management module determines whether it is necessary to notify the content distribution module to resend the missing portion according to the node feedback ratio, when the content receiving module After receiving the missing content through multicast, the content distribution module is notified to stop the unicast request.
  • the specific processing flow is shown in Figure 8.
  • the content management module is deployed on one server (server 1), the content distribution module is deployed on two servers (server 2 and server 3), and the content receiving module is deployed on one server (server 4). .
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart of the content distribution process provided by the fifth embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 9, the process includes the following processing:
  • the content management module on the server 1 delivers the content to the content distribution module and the server 3 on the server 2 according to the identification information of the content and the confirmed multicast address information and the distribution time (that is, the multicast start time). Content distribution module.
  • the content distribution module on the server 2 confirms whether the file exists locally according to the identification information of the content to be distributed. If the file does not exist or the file is damaged, the process returns a failure, otherwise the return is successful. In the case where the return is successful, the content distribution module on the server 2 finds and reads the local file according to the local identification information of the content, and transmits the content to the specified multicast address at the multicast start time according to the specified format.
  • the content distribution multicast receiving module of the server 4 receives the multicast stream at the fixed multicast address, and parses out the currently sent file information from the information received by the multicast stream, where the fragment of the currently sent file arrives, and the local file according to the file information. The file is written to the system.
  • the reception is started when the data received by the content receiving module of the server 4 may be lost or not transmitted from the multicast source.
  • the content receiving module initiates a content distribution compensation request to the content distribution module corresponding to the unicast compensation address, and carries the missing file specific information (for example, the segment name or the original file identification information, the starting offset and the length corresponding to the missing file).
  • the content distribution module corresponding to the unicast compensation address locates the file fragment or subfile according to the specific information of the missing file, and then responds to the content receiving module on the server 4.
  • the content receiving module on the server 4 locates the local storage location according to the file description information and writes the file.
  • the content receiving module on the server 4 periodically checks whether the portion requested before being completed has been completed, and if not, retry the request. The number of retries is exceeded and the retry is stopped. This can delete a full file or a reserved file.
  • the node to which the content is to be distributed can receive a plurality of contents using the fixed multicast address, and the content distribution management module can arrange the content distribution plan (the content can be distributed on a plurality of nodes for distribution).
  • the node to which the content is to be distributed may use multiple multicast addresses, and simultaneously receive the multicast streams from multiple paths, and save the files separately.
  • the effect of batch distributing content can also be achieved by the method in the foregoing embodiment 2.
  • the node receiving the content needs to receive the notification of the content distribution management module multiple times, and the efficiency is low.
  • the content management module is deployed on a server (server 1)
  • the content distribution module is deployed on a server (server 2)
  • the content receiving module is deployed on a server (server 3).
  • FIG. 10 is a content distribution according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • the flow chart of the process is shown in Figure 10. The process includes the following steps:
  • the content management module on the server 1 will need to distribute a list of content, and the list includes: the content identification information and the address of the corresponding content distribution module are sent to the fixed multicast address in a multicast manner.
  • the content receiving module on the server 3 After receiving the distribution content list sent by the server 1, the content receiving module on the server 3 checks whether there is a file in the list locally. If it exists, skips and processes the next one. If not, the content distribution module corresponding to the content
  • the address request content distribution module here assumed to be the content distribution module of the server 2.
  • the content distribution module on the server 2 checks whether the corresponding content is currently being distributed at a specific multicast address, and if so, notifies the content receiving module on the server 3 to multicast the received content. Otherwise, checking whether the server that currently requests the content by unicast exceeds a threshold (where the server requesting the content does not include the request for issuing the compensation), and if so, notifying each content receiving module to switch to the multicast receiving content, otherwise the unicast response The content receiving module requests.
  • the disclosed method and apparatus may be implemented in other manners.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the modules is only a logical function division.
  • there may be another division manner for example, multiple modules or components may be combined, or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
  • the communication connections between the various components shown or discussed may be indirect coupling or communication connections through some interfaces, devices or modules, and may be electrical, mechanical or otherwise.
  • the modules described above as separate components may or may not be physically separated.
  • the components displayed as modules may or may not be physical modules, that is, may be located in one place or distributed to multiple network modules; Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
  • each functional module in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing module, or each module may be separately used as one module, or two or more modules may be integrated into one module;
  • the module can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of hardware plus software function modules.
  • the foregoing program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and when executed, the program includes The foregoing steps of the method embodiment; and the foregoing storage medium includes: a removable storage device, a read-only memory (ROM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and the like, which can store program codes.
  • ROM read-only memory
  • the above-described integrated module of the embodiment of the present invention may be stored in a computer readable storage medium if it is implemented in the form of a software function module and sold or used as a stand-alone product.
  • the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product in essence or in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, including a plurality of instructions.
  • a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) is caused to perform all or part of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes various media that can store program codes, such as a mobile storage device, a ROM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.
  • the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention is to notify the distribution device and the receiving device of the delivery of the content and the receiving of the content, so that the receiving device can join the multicast group to receive the content in time, and if the receiving device receives or saves the file is incomplete. And requesting the distribution device to compensate for the missing part of the content, so that the receiving device receives the file abnormally or joins the multicast group later than the multicast sending time, the file can be completely distributed.

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Abstract

本发明实施例公开了一种分发方法、补偿方法、系统、设备及计算机存储介质，所述分发方法包括：管理设备告知分发设备以组播方式分发待分发内容，以使所述分发设备根据指示以组播的方式向接收设备分发所述待分发内容；告知接收设备以组播方式接收待接收内容。

Description

一种分发方法、补偿方法、系统、设备及计算机存储介质
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为201610272594.0、申请日为2016年04月28日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及通讯领域，特别是涉及一种分发方法、补偿方法、系统、设备及计算机存储介质。
背景技术
随着时代的发展，人们对视频服务的需求越来越高，传统单台服务器已无法满足实际应用的需求，实际应用中服务器横向、纵向发展，整个网络逐渐演变为环形结构或层级结构。在这种环形结构或层级结构中进行内容分发时，目前常用的方法是点对点获取，这种情形下，若一个内容需要全网分发，可能会消耗较多的网络流量，另外，使用单播的方式进行内容分发时，由于内容源需存在一台服务器上，若服务器宕机，则内容分发过程中断，且针对在不同服务器上两个内容，需要触发两次分发。
使用组播方式进行分发可以解决单播效率低的问题。这种场景下组播源发送一次信息，组播路由器借助组播路由协议为组播数据包建立树形路由，被传递的信息在尽可能远的分叉路口才开始复制和分发。这种方式一般用在直播服务中，因为用户接入时间不定，只有像直播这种业务时钟和直播源保持一致才比较适合使用组播。因此，使用组播进行内容分发存在以下问题：接收同步问题，内容一旦开始进行组播，内容会向前发送，如 果接收端未及时加入组播组，则收到的内容有缺失。无反馈机制，组播实际上是一个单向的协议，如果传输过程中出现丢包需要补偿，使用组播无法进行反馈。
发明内容
本发明实施例期望提供一种分发方法、补偿方法、系统、设备及计算机存储介质，以解决目前通过单播方式进行内容分发效率较低的问题。
本发明实施例提供了一种分发方法，应用于内容分发网络，包括：管理设备告知分发设备以组播方式分发待分发内容，以使所述分发设备根据指示以组播的方式向接收设备分发所述待分发内容；
告知接收设备以组播方式接收待接收内容。
在一实施例中，所述管理设备告知分发设备以组播方式分发待分发内容，包括：所述管理设备通过向分发设备发送分发任务的方式告知分发设备待分发内容，分发任务包括：任务标号、分发内容的标识信息、组播地址信息、组播发布的起始时间以及单播补偿的地址；所述告知接收设备以组播方式接收待接收内容，包括：所述管理设备通过向接收设备发送接收任务的方式告知接收设备待接收内容，接收任务包括：任务标号、接收内容的标识信息、组播地址信息、组播发布的起始时间以及单播补偿的地址。
在一实施例中，所述管理设备、分发设备以及所述接收设备均加入同一组播组，所述管理设备发送的内容包括：报文分割起始识别、报文类型、报文具体内容以及报文分割结束识别，其中所述报文类型包括，任务以及媒体流；当所述报文类型为任务时，所述报文承载的内容包括：任务标号、分发内容的标识信息、组播地址信息以及组播发布的起始时间、单播补偿的地址；当所述报文的类型为媒体流时，所述报文承载的内容包括：报文分割起始识别、文件分段描述、文件分段以及报文分割结束识别。
本发明实施例还提供了一种分发系统，应用于内容分发网络，包括： 管理设备，配置为告知分发设备以组播方式分发待分发内容，以及告知接收设备以组播方式接收待接收内容；分发设备，配置为根据管理设备的指示以组播的方式向接收设备分发待分发内容。
在一实施例中，所述管理设备配置为：通过向分发设备发送分发任务的方式告知分发设备待分发内容，分发任务包括：任务标号、分发内容的标识信息、组播地址信息、组播发布的起始时间以及单播补偿的地址；通过向接收设备发送接收任务的方式告知接收设备待接收内容，接收任务包括：任务标号、接收内容的标识信息、组播地址信息、组播发布的起始时间以及单播补偿的地址。
本发明实施例还提供了一种管理设备，所述管理设备包括第一发送单元和第二发送单元；
所述第一发送单元，配置为告知分发设备以组播方式分发待分发内容，以使所述分发设备根据指示以组播的方式向接收设备分发所述待分发内容；
所述第二发送单元，配置为告知接收设备以组播方式接收待接收内容。
本发明实施例还提供了一种补偿方法，包括：接收设备在接收到的通过组播方式下发的第一内容存在缺失的情况下，通过单播方式向保存有缺失内容的分发设备发送补偿请求，补偿请求用于请求获取缺失内容。
在一实施例中，所述补偿方法还包括：在接收到通过组播方式下发的第一内容之前，接收来自管理设备的内容补偿地址；通过单播方式向保存有缺失内容的分发设备发送补偿请求，包括：向内容补偿地址对应的内容分发设备发送补偿请求。
在一实施例中，所述通过单播方式向保存有缺失内容的分发设备发送补偿请求，包括：向分发第一内容的分发设备发送补偿请求。
在一实施例中，所述补偿请求中至少包括以下一种信息或一种信息组 合：分片名称、缺失分段所属文件的名称/标识、缺失起始偏移量以及长度的组合。
本发明实施例还提供了一种补偿系统，包括：接收设备和分发设备；所述接收设备，配置为在接收到的通过组播方式下发的第一内容存在缺失的情况下，通过单播方式向保存有缺失内容的所述分发设备发送补偿请求，所述补偿请求用于请求获取缺失内容。
在一实施例中，所述系统还包括管理设备；所述接收设备配置为，在接收到通过组播方式下发的第一内容之前，接收来自所述管理设备的内容补偿地址；还配置为在接收到的通过组播方式下发的内容下载不完整或保存不完整时，向内容补偿地址对应的内容分发设备发送补偿请求。
在一实施例中，所述接收设备配置为，在接收到的通过组播方式下发的第一内容存在缺失时，向分发第一内容的分发设备发送补偿请求。
本发明实施例还提供了一种接收设备，所述接收设备包括：第一接收单元和第三发送单元；
所述第一接收单元，配置为接收到的通过组播方式下发的第一内容存在缺失
所述第三发送单元，配置为通过单播方式向保存有缺失内容的分发设备发送补偿请求，所述补偿请求用于请求获取所述缺失内容。
本发明实施例还提供了一种补偿方法，包括：管理设备告知分发设备以组播方式分发待分发内容，以及告知接收设备以组播方式接收待接收内容；所述分发设备根据管理设备的指示以组播方式向接收设备分发待分发内容；所述分发设备在接收到接收设备通过单播方式发送的补偿请求后，根据所述补偿请求查找接收设备缺失的内容，将查找到内容发送至接收设备。
在一实施例中，所述管理设备告知分发设备以组播方式分发待分发内 容，以及告知接收设备以组播方式接收待接收内容，包括：所述管理设备定时将待分发内容的列表以组播的方式发送至组播地址，以使所述接收设备根据列表请求获取内容；所述分发设备根据管理设备的指示以组播方式向所述接收设备分发待分发内容，包括：所述分发设备在接收到所述接收设备的内容请求后，确定所述接收设备请求的第二内容是否正在第一组播地址以分发；当所述接收设备请求的第二内容正在第一组播地址以分发时，通知接收设备从第一组播地址处获取第二内容；当所述接收设备请求的第二内容未正在第一组播地址以分发时，查看目前向分发设备请求第二内容的所有接收设备的个数是否超过阈值，如果超过阈值，则在第二组播地址重新分发第二内容，并通知所有接收设备切换至第二组播地址接收第二内容，如果未超过阈值，则分发设备直接以单播的方式响应所有接收设备的内容请求。
在一实施例中，所述方法还包括：在所述管理设备收到接收设备反馈的第三内容接收存在缺失的情况的频率超过阈值时，通知分发设备重新以组播的方式分发缺失部分的第三内容。
本发明实施例还提供了一种补偿系统，包括：管理设备，配置为告知分发设备以组播方式分发待分发内容，以及告知接收设备以组播方式接收待接收内容；所述分发设备，配置为根据所述管理设备的指示以组播方式向所述接收设备分发待分发内容，在接收到所述接收设备通过单播方式发送的补偿请求后，根据所述补偿请求查找接收设备缺失的内容，将查找到内容发送至所述接收设备。
在一实施例中，所述管理设备配置为：定时将待分发内容的列表以组播的方式发送至组播地址，以使所述接收设备根据列表请求获取内容；所述分发设备配置为：在接收到所述接收设备的内容请求后，确定所述接收设备请求的第二内容是否正在第一组播地址以分发；当所述接收设备请求 的第二内容正在第一组播地址以分发时，通知所述接收设备从第一组播地址处获取第二内容；当所述接收设备请求的第二内容未正在第一组播地址以分发时，查看目前向分发设备请求第二内容的所有接收设备的个数是否超过阈值，如果超过阈值，则在第二组播地址重新分发第二内容，并通知所有接收设备切换至第二组播地址接收第二内容，如果未超过阈值，则分发设备直接以单播的方式响应所有接收设备的内容请求。
在一实施例中，所述管理设备还配置为，在所述管理设备收到所述接收设备反馈的第三内容接收存在缺失的情况的频率超过阈值时，通知所述分发设备重新以组播的方式分发缺失部分的第三内容。
本发明实施例还提供了一种计算机存储介质，所述计算机存储介质中存储有计算机可执行指令，所述计算机可执行指令用于本发明实施例所述的应用于内容分发网络的分发方法。
本发明实施例还提供了一种计算机存储介质，所述计算机存储介质中存储有计算机可执行指令，所述计算机可执行指令用于执行本发明实施例所述的补偿方法。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案，由管理设备通知分发设备和接收设备进行内容的下发以及内容的接收，使得接收设备能够及时加入组播组接收内容，在接收设备接收或保存文件不完整的情况下，向分发设备请求补偿缺失部分内容，使得接收设备接收文件出现异常或加入组播组的时间迟于组播发送的时间时，文件可以完整分发。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1提供的分发方法的流程图；
图2是本发明实施例1提供的分发系统的结构框图；
图3是本发明实施例2提供的单播补偿方法的流程图；
图4是本发明实施例3提供的内容补偿方法的流程图；
图5是本发明实施例3提供的内容补偿系统的结构框图；
图6是本发明实施例4中组播分发系统的结构框图；
图7是本发明实施例4提供的组播分发过程的流程图；
图8是本发明实施例4中内容补偿的处理流程图；
图9是本发明实例5提供的内容分发过程的流程图；
图10是本发明实施例6涉及的内容分发过程的流程图。
具体实施方式
为了解决现有技术中通过单播方式进行内容分发效率较低的问题，本发明实施例提供了一种分发方法和补偿方法，具体为组播分发方法、单播补偿方法以及内容补偿方法，以下结合附图以及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不限定本发明。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种分发方法，该方法应用于内容分发网络，图1是该方法的流程图，如图1所示，该方法包括如下步骤：
步骤101：管理设备告知分发设备以组播方式分发待分发内容，以使所述分发设备根据指示以组播的方式向所述接收设备分发所述待分发内容；
步骤102：告知接收设备以组播方式接收待接收内容。
其中，管理设备向分发设备以及接收设备下发的任务可以通过消息进行承载，具体可以通过超文本传输协议(HTTP，HyperText Transfer Protocol)和JS对象标记(JSON，JavaScript Object Notation)，或HTTP和可扩展标记语言(XML，Extensible Markup Language)来实现，基于此，本实施例中，管理设备告知分发设备以组播方式分发待分发内容，具体可以包括：管理设备通过向分发设备发送分发任务的方式告知分发设备待分发内容，分发任务包括：任务标号、分发内容的标识信息、组播地址信息、组播发 布的起始时间以及单播补偿的地址；所述告知接收设备以组播方式接收待接收内容，包括：管理设备通过向接收设备发送接收任务的方式告知接收设备待接收内容，接收任务包括：任务标号、接收内容的标识信息、组播地址信息、组播发布的起始时间以及单播补偿的地址。
在本实施例中，作为一种实施方式，文件发送采用的格式也可采用目前FLUTE(File delivery over unidirectional transport)协议或异步分层编码(ALC，Asynchronous Layered Coding)协议规定的方式。
其中，在本实施例中，管理设备可以直接通过组播的方式下发任务，基于此，管理设备、分发设备以及接收设备均加入同一组播组，管理设备发送的内容具体可以包括：报文分割起始识别、报文类型、报文具体内容以及报文分割结束识别，其中报文类型包括，任务以及媒体流；当报文类型为任务时，报文承载的内容包括：任务标号、分发内容的标识信息、组播地址信息以及组播发布的起始时间、单播补偿的地址；当报文的类型为媒体流时，报文承载的内容包括：报文分割起始识别、文件分段描述、文件分段以及报文分割结束识别。
与上述组播分发对应，本实施例还提供了一种分发系统，该系统同样应用于内容分发网络，图2是该系统20的结构框图，如图2所示，该系统包括以下组成部分：
管理设备21，配置为告知分发设备以组播方式分发待分发内容，以及告知接收设备以组播方式接收待接收内容；
所述分发设备22，配置为根据所述管理设备的指示以组播的方式向接收设备分发待分发内容。
其中，所述管理设备21配置为：通过向分发设备发送分发任务的方式告知分发设备待分发内容，分发任务包括：任务标号、分发内容的标识信息、组播地址信息、组播发布的起始时间以及单播补偿的地址；通过向接 收设备发送接收任务的方式告知接收设备待接收内容，接收任务包括：任务标号、接收内容的标识信息、组播地址信息、组播发布的起始时间以及单播补偿的地址。
其中，所述管理设备21、分发设备22以及接收设备均加入同一组播组，管理设备发送的内容，包括：报文分割起始识别、报文类型、报文具体内容以及报文分割结束识别，其中报文类型包括，任务以及媒体流；当报文类型为任务时，报文承载的内容包括：任务标号、分发内容的标识信息、组播地址信息以及组播发布的起始时间、单播补偿的地址；当报文的类型为媒体流时，报文承载的内容包括：报文分割起始识别、文件分段描述、文件分段以及报文分割结束识别。
作为一种实施方式，所述管理设备21还配置为，确定分发内容的标识信息、组播地址信息以及组播的开始时间，将分发内容的标识信息、组播地址以及组播开始时间发送至分发设备以及接收设备；基于此，所述分发设备22可以配置为，根据分发内容的标识信息确定分发内容，在组播开始时间将分发内容发送至组播地址；以及，上述接收设备配置为，根据组播的开始时间以及组播地址信息加入组播组中，接收组播内容，根据接收到的组播内容的标识信息向对应的本地文件系统中写入内容。
作为一种实施方式，本实施例提供的组播分发系统在组播分发后还可以支持单播补偿，基于此，所述分发设备22还可以配置为：接收上述接收设备的内容补偿请求；根据内容补偿请求中的缺失文件信息定位指定文件的子文件或文件片段；其中，此处的缺失文件信息至少包括以下一种信息或一种信息组合：分段名称、原文件标识信息、文件标识符，或起始偏移量与缺失文件范围对应的长度的组合，将指定文件的子文件或文件片段发送给接收设备。
所述接收设备还可以配置为：在检测到有文件下载不完整或保存不完 整时，通知内容管理设备；内容管理设备还用于，根据下载不完整或保存不完整的文件的被反馈的频率确定是否通知分发设备重新发送缺失部分的文件。
本实施例提供的组播分发系统至少包括一个分发设备以及一个接收设备，同时，组播地址也可以包括多个，分发设备同时向该多个组播地址发送组播流。
作为一种实施方式，所述管理设备21还配置为：定时将待分发的内容的列表以组播的方式发送至组播地址；基于此，所述接收设备还配置为，在接收到列表后，依次查看本地是否存在列表中的文件，如果不存在，则向与文件对应的分发设备请求文件；基于此，分发设备22还配置为，在接收到接收设备的请求后，确定接收设备请求的文件是否正在以组播方式分发；当接收设备请求的文件正在以组播方式分发时，通知接收设备从对应的组播地址处获取文件，当接收设备请求的文件未正在以组播方式分发时，则查看目前进行请求该文件的所有接收设备的个数是否超过阈值，如果超过阈值，则通过组播方式发送文件，并通知所有接收设备从对应的组播地址处接收文件，如果未超过阈值，则分发设备直接响应所有接收设备的请求。
本实施例还提供了一种管理设备，所述管理设备包括第一发送单元和第二发送单元；
所述第一发送单元，配置为告知分发设备以组播方式分发待分发内容，以使所述分发设备根据指示以组播的方式向接收设备分发所述待分发内容；
所述第二发送单元，配置为告知接收设备以组播方式接收待接收内容。
具体的，所述第一发送单元，配置为通过向所述分发设备发送分发任务的方式告知所述分发设备所述待分发内容，所述分发任务包括：任务标 号、分发内容的标识信息、组播地址信息、组播发布的起始时间以及单播补偿的地址；
所述第二发送单元，配置为通过向所述接收设备发送接收任务的方式告知所述接收设备所述待接收内容，所述接收任务包括：任务标号、接收内容的标识信息、组播地址信息、组播发布的起始时间以及单播补偿的地址。
当所述管理设备、分发设备以及所述接收设备均加入同一组播组时，所述第一发送单元和所述第二发送单元发送的内容包括：报文分割起始识别、报文类型、报文具体内容以及报文分割结束识别，其中所述报文类型包括，任务以及媒体流；
当所述报文类型为任务时，所述报文承载的内容包括：任务标号、分发内容的标识信息、组播地址信息以及组播发布的起始时间、单播补偿的地址；
当所述报文的类型为媒体流时，所述报文承载的内容包括：报文分割起始识别、文件分段描述、文件分段以及报文分割结束识别。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种补偿方法，所述补偿方法应用于接收设备中，如图3所示，该方法包括如下步骤：
步骤301：接收设备检测到接收到的通过组播方式下发的第一内容存在缺失；
步骤302：通过单播方式向保存有缺失内容的分发设备发送补偿请求，所述补偿请求用于请求获取缺失内容。
作为一种实施方式，上述方法还可以包括：在接收到通过组播方式下发的第一内容之前，接收来自管理设备的内容补偿地址；通过单播方式向保存有缺失内容的分发设备发送补偿请求，包括：向内容补偿地址对应的 内容分发设备发送补偿请求。
其中，通过单播方式向保存有缺失内容的分发设备发送补偿请求，具体可以包括：向分发第一内容的分发设备发送补偿请求。
其中，上述补偿请求中至少包括以下一种信息或一种信息组合：分片名称、缺失分段所属文件的名称/标识、缺失起始偏移量以及长度的组合。
与上述单播补偿方法对应，本实施例还提供了一种补偿系统，所述补偿系统包括，接收设备和分发设备；所述接收设备，配置为在接收到的通过组播方式下发的第一内容存在缺失的情况下，通过单播方式向保存有缺失内容的所述分发设备发送补偿请求，补偿请求用于请求获取缺失内容。
作为一种实施方式，所述系统还包括管理设备；本实施例中的接收设备配置为，在接收到通过组播方式下发的第一内容之前，接收来自所述管理设备的内容补偿地址；还配置为在接收到的通过组播方式下发的内容下载不完整或保存不完整时，向内容补偿地址对应的内容分发设备发送补偿请求。
作为一种实施方式，本实施例中的接收设备配置为：在接收到的通过组播方式下发的第一内容存在缺失时，向分发第一内容的分发设备发送补偿请求。
其中，上述补偿请求中至少包括以下一种信息或一种信息组合：分片名称、缺失分段所属文件的名称/标识、缺失起始偏移量以及长度的组合。
本发明实施例还提供了一种接收设备。所述接收设备包括：第一接收单元和第三发送单元；
所述第一接收单元，配置为接收到的通过组播方式下发的第一内容存在缺失
所述第三发送单元，配置为通过单播方式向保存有缺失内容的分发设备发送补偿请求，所述补偿请求用于请求获取所述缺失内容。
作为一种实施方式，所述第一接收单元，还配置为在接收到通过组播方式下发的所述第一内容之前，接收来自管理设备的内容补偿地址；
所述第三发送单元，配置为向所述内容补偿地址对应的内容分发设备发送补偿请求。
作为一种实施方式，所述第三发送单元，配置为向分发所述第一内容的分发设备发送补偿请求。
本实施例中，所述补偿请求中至少包括以下一种信息或一种信息组合：分片名称、缺失分段所属文件的名称/标识、缺失起始偏移量以及长度的组合。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种补偿方法，该方法由管理设备以及分发设备来实现，如图4所示，该方法包括如下步骤：
步骤401：管理设备告知分发设备以组播方式分发待分发内容，以及告知接收设备以组播方式接收待接收内容；
步骤402：分发设备根据管理设备的指示以组播方式向接收设备分发待分发内容；
步骤403：分发设备在接收到接收设备通过单播方式发送的补偿请求后，根据补偿请求查找接收设备缺失的内容，将查找到内容发送至接收设备。
本实施例中，管理设备告知分发设备以组播方式分发待分发内容，以及告知接收设备以组播方式接收待接收内容具体可以包括：
管理设备定时将待分发内容的列表以组播的方式发送至组播地址，以使接收设备根据列表请求获取内容；分发设备根据管理设备的指示以组播方式向接收设备分发待分发内容，包括：分发设备在接收到接收设备的内容请求后，确定接收设备请求的第二内容是否正在第一组播地址以分发； 当所述接收设备请求的第二内容正在第一组播地址以分发时，通知接收设备从第一组播地址处获取第二内容；当所述接收设备请求的第二内容未正在第一组播地址以分发时，则查看目前向分发设备请求第二内容的所有接收设备的个数是否超过阈值，如果超过阈值，则在第二组播地址重新分发第二内容，并通知所有接收设备切换至第二组播地址接收第二内容，如果未超过阈值，则分发设备直接以单播的方式响应所有接收设备的内容请求。
作为一种实施方式，本实施例中的补偿方法还可以包括：在管理设备收到接收设备反馈的第三内容接收存在缺失的情况的频率超过阈值时，通知分发设备重新以组播的方式分发缺失部分的第三内容。
与本实施例中的补偿方法对应，本实施例还提供了一种补偿系统，如图5所示，该系统50包括：
管理设备51，配置为告知分发设备以组播方式分发待分发内容，以及告知接收设备以组播方式接收待接收内容；
分发设备52，配置为根据管理设备的指示以组播方式向接收设备分发待分发内容，在接收到接收设备通过单播方式发送的补偿请求后，根据补偿请求查找接收设备缺失的内容，将查找到内容发送至接收设备。
其中，本实施例中的管理设备51配置为：定时将待分发内容的列表以组播的方式发送至组播地址，以使接收设备根据列表请求获取内容；分发设备52具体用于：在接收到接收设备的内容请求后，确定接收设备请求的第二内容是否正在第一组播地址以分发；当所述接收设备请求的第二内容正在第一组播地址以分发时，通知接收设备从第一组播地址处获取第二内容；当所述接收设备请求的第二内容未正在第一组播地址以分发时，查看目前向分发设备请求第二内容的所有接收设备的个数是否超过阈值，如果超过阈值，则在第二组播地址重新分发第二内容，并通知所有接收设备切换至第二组播地址接收第二内容，如果未超过阈值，则分发设备直接以单 播的方式响应所有接收设备的内容请求。
其中，本实施例中的管理设备51还配置为，在管理设备51收到接收设备反馈的第三内容接收存在缺失的情况的频率超过阈值时，通知分发设备52重新以组播的方式分发缺失部分的第三内容。
实施例4
本实施例将内容管理模块(即上述管理设备)部署在一台服务器(服务器1)上，将内容分发模块(即上述分发设备)部署在一台服务器(服务器2)上，将内容接收模块(即上述接收设备)部署在一台服务器(服务器3)上，本实施例涉及的系统结构图如图6所示。
本实施例主要进行单个内容分发，图7是本发明实施例4提供的组播分发过程的流程图，如图7所示该过程包括如下处理：
服务器1上的内容管理模块根据需要分发内容的标识信息以及确认好的组播地址信息下发给服务器2上的内容分发模块。
服务器2上的内容分发模块根据需要分发内容的标识信息确认本地是否存在该文件，如果不存在该文件或文件损坏则向服务器1上的内容管理模块返回失败，否则返回成功。在返回成功的情况下，内容分发模块根据内容的本地标识信息找到并读取本地文件，按照指定格式开始向指定的组播地址发送内容，需要说明的是，本发明中，指定格式具体可以包括：文件发送采用文件分割识别+文件分段描述+文件分段+文件分割识别的方式，。文件分段如果未进行文件分段处理，则文件分段描述为文件分段所属的完整文件的文件名或标号，和相对完整文件的偏移亮和本分段的大小。如果进行文件分段处理，则文件分段描述为该文件分段的文件名或标号和本分段的大小。文件分割识别可以是固定长度字节串，文件分段内容需要根据选定的固定长度字节串进行编码处理，避免传输片段内容出现和文件分割识别的内容重复，无法解码的情况，同时，文件发送采用的格式也可 采用目前FLUTE协议或ALC协议规定的方式。
服务器1上的内容管理模块根据需要分发内容的标识信息、确认好的组播地址信息以及需要分发的节点，通知待接收的节点，此处待接收的节点对应为服务器3的内容接收模块。
服务器3上的内容接收模块判断本地是否已存在该文件，如果存在，直接返回成功。否则根据组播地址，加入组播组，按照指定格式向指定文件标识信息对应的本地文件系统的文件句柄中写入内容。
由于接收到的数据可能有丢失或者不是从组播源发送时就开始接收，服务器3的内容接收模块会向服务器2上的内容分发模块发起内容分发补偿请求，携带缺失文件具体信息(分段名称或原文件标识信息，起始偏移量和缺失文件范围对应的长度，或文件标识符)。
服务器2上的内容分发模块根据缺失文件具体信息，定位文件片段或子文件，然后使用定位到的文件响应服务器3上的内容接收模块。
服务器3上的内容接收模块收到响应后，根据文件描述信息定位本地存放位置，写入文件。
服务器3上的内容接收模块定时检查之前请求补齐的部分是否已经完成，如果没有完成，重试请求。超过重试次数，停止重试，同时，这种情况可以删除完整文件或保留文件。
在本实施例中，服务器3的内容接收模块和服务器2的内容分发模块在补偿时使用的协议可以是多种点对点协议，如HTTP、RTSP、RTP、RTCP、RTSP、UDP、P2P等等；服务器1下发内容接收任务时，可以携带多个组播地址和补偿地址给服务器3，服务器3上的内容接收模块可以在一定时间无数据接收的情况下切换到另一个组播地址。内容接收模块在尝试补偿失败的情况下，可以切换到另一个补偿地址进行补偿。
服务器1下发内容分发和内容接收任务时，可以携带任务的起始时间， 服务器2在指定时间才开始发送内容，服务器3在指定时间才开始接收内容。
实施例进行单个内容的内容分发时，通过补充组播的方式进行补偿：
在实施例的基础上，当内容接收模块检测到内容下载或保存有缺失，同时通知内容管理模块，内容管理模块根据节点反馈比例来判断是否需要通知内容分发模块重新发送缺失部分，当内容接收模块重新通过组播收到缺失内容后，通知内容分发模块停止单播请求，具体处理流程详见图8。
实施例5
本实施例将内容管理模块部署在一台服务器(服务器1)上，将内容分发模块部署在两台服务器(服务器2和服务器3)上，将内容接收模块部署在一台服务器(服务器4)上。
本实施例主要针对进行批量内容的分发，图9是本发明实例5提供的内容分发过程的流程图，如图9所示，该过程包括如下处理：
服务器1上的内容管理模块根据需要分发内容的标识信息以及确认好的组播地址信息和分发时间(即上述组播开始时间)，分别下发内容给服务器2上的内容分发模块和服务器3上的内容分发模块。
服务器2上的内容分发模块根据需要分发内容的标识信息确认本地是否存在该文件，如果不存在该文件或文件损坏则返回失败，否则返回成功。在返回成功的情况下，服务器2上的内容分发模块根据内容的本地标识信息找到并读取本地文件，按照指定格式在组播开始时间向指定的组播地址发送内容。
服务器3上同样进行上述服务器2的步骤。
服务器4的内容分发组播接收模块在固定组播地址接收组播流，从组播流收到的信息后解析出目前发送的文件信息，目前发送文件的片段到了哪里，根据文件信息在本地文件系统中写入文件。
由于服务器4的内容接收模块接收到的数据可能有丢失或者不是从组播源发送时就开始接收。内容接收模块会向单播补偿地址对应的内容分发模块发起内容分发补偿请求，携带缺失文件具体信息(例如，分段名称或原文件标识信息，起始偏移量和缺失文件对应的长度)。
单播补偿地址对应的内容分发模块根据缺失文件的具体信息，定位文件片段或子文件，然后响应服务器4上的内容接收模块。
服务器4上的内容接收模块收到响应后，根据文件描述信息定位本地存放位置，写入文件。
服务器4上的内容接收模块定时检查之前请求补齐的部分是否已经完成，如果没有完成，重试请求。超过重试次数，停止重试。这种情况可以删除完整文件或保留文件。
在以上实施例中，内容待分发的节点使用固定组播地址即可接收多个内容，内容分发管理模块安排内容分发计划即可(内容可以分布在多个节点上进行分发)。
在以上实施例中，内容待分发的节点使用的组播地址可以有多个，同时接收多个通路过来的组播流，分别保存文件。
实际应用过程中，也可以通过上述实施例2中的方法来达到批量分发内容的效果，但本实施例，内容接收的节点需要多次接收内容分发管理模块的通知，效率较低。
实施例6
本实施例将内容管理模块部署在一台服务器(服务器1)上，将内容分发模块部署在一台服务器(服务器2)上，将内容接收模块部署在一台服务器(服务器3)上。
本实施例主要针对进行单个或多个内容分发时，通过组播的方式定时下发任务列表的方式进行描述，图10是本发明实施例6涉及的内容分发过 程的流程图，如图10所示，该过程包括如下步骤：
服务器1上的内容管理模块定时将需要分发内容的列表，该列表包括：内容标识信息和对应内容分发模块所在的地址以组播的方式发到固定组播地址。
服务器3上的内容接收模块在收到服务器1发送的分发内容列表后，查看本地是否存在列表中的文件，若存在，跳过，处理下一个，若不存在，则根据内容对应的内容分发模块的地址请求内容分发模块，此处假设是服务器2的内容分发模块。
服务器2上的内容分发模块查看对应内容是否目前正在特定组播地址分发，如存在，则通知服务器3上内容接收模块组播接收内容。否则，查看目前单播请求该内容的服务器是否超过阈值(其中，请求该内容的服务器不包括发出补偿请求的)，如果超过，则通知各内容接收模块切换到组播接收内容，否则单播响应内容接收模块请求。
对于组播接收的内容存在缺失的，采用同上面实施3相同的补偿流程。
在本发明所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的方法及装置，可以通过其他的方式实现。以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述模块的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，如：多个模块或组件可以结合，或可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另外，所显示或讨论的各组成部分相互之间的通信连接可以是通过一些接口，设备或模块的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性的、机械的或其他形式的。
上述作为分离部件说明的模块可以是、或也可以不是物理上分开的，作为模块显示的部件可以是、或也可以不是物理模块，即可以位于一个地方，也可以分布到多个网络模块上；可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或全部模块来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本发明各实施例中的各功能模块可以全部集成在一个处理模块中，也可以是各模块分别单独作为一个模块，也可以两个或两个以上模块集成在一个模块中；上述集成的模块既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用硬件加软件功能模块的形式实现。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解：实现上述方法实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过程序指令相关的硬件来完成，前述的程序可以存储于计算机可读取存储介质中，该程序在执行时，执行包括上述方法实施例的步骤；而前述的存储介质包括：移动存储设备、只读存储器(ROM，Read-Only Memory)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
或者，本发明实施例上述集成的模块如果以软件功能模块的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，也可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本发明实施例的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机、服务器、或者网络设备等)执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分。而前述的存储介质包括：移动存储设备、ROM、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
本发明实施例中记载的存储器切换方法、装置只以上述实施例为例，但不仅限于此，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。
工业实用性
本发明实施例的技术方案由管理设备通知分发设备和接收设备进行内容的下发以及内容的接收，使得接收设备能够及时加入组播组接收内容，在接收设备接收或保存文件不完整的情况下，向分发设备请求补偿缺失部分内容，使得接收设备接收文件出现异常或加入组播组的时间迟于组播发送的时间时，文件可以完整分发。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种分发方法，应用于内容分发网络，包括：
    管理设备告知分发设备以组播方式分发待分发内容，以使所述分发设备根据指示以组播的方式向接收设备分发所述待分发内容；
    告知接收设备以组播方式接收待接收内容。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述管理设备告知分发设备以组播方式分发待分发内容，包括：
    所述管理设备通过向所述分发设备发送分发任务的方式告知所述分发设备所述待分发内容，所述分发任务包括：任务标号、分发内容的标识信息、组播地址信息、组播发布的起始时间以及单播补偿的地址；
    所述告知接收设备以组播方式接收待接收内容，包括：所述管理设备通过向所述接收设备发送接收任务的方式告知所述接收设备所述待接收内容，所述接收任务包括：任务标号、接收内容的标识信息、组播地址信息、组播发布的起始时间以及单播补偿的地址。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述管理设备、分发设备以及所述接收设备均加入同一组播组，所述管理设备发送的内容包括：
    报文分割起始识别、报文类型、报文具体内容以及报文分割结束识别，其中所述报文类型包括，任务以及媒体流；
    当所述报文类型为任务时，所述报文承载的内容包括：任务标号、分发内容的标识信息、组播地址信息以及组播发布的起始时间、单播补偿的地址；
    当所述报文的类型为媒体流时，所述报文承载的内容包括：报文分割起始识别、文件分段描述、文件分段以及报文分割结束识别。
  4. 一种分发系统，应用于内容分发网络，包括：
    管理设备，配置为告知分发设备以组播方式分发待分发内容，以及告 知接收设备以组播方式接收待接收内容；
    所述分发设备，配置为根据所述管理设备的指示以组播的方式向所述接收设备分发所述待分发内容。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的系统，其中，所述管理设备配置为：
    通过向所述分发设备发送分发任务的方式告知所述分发设备所述待分发内容，所述分发任务包括：任务标号、分发内容的标识信息、组播地址信息、组播发布的起始时间以及单播补偿的地址；
    通过向所述接收设备发送接收任务的方式告知所述接收设备所述待接收内容，所述接收任务包括：任务标号、接收内容的标识信息、组播地址信息、组播发布的起始时间以及单播补偿的地址。
  6. 一种管理设备，所述管理设备包括第一发送单元和第二发送单元；
    所述第一发送单元，配置为告知分发设备以组播方式分发待分发内容，以使所述分发设备根据指示以组播的方式向接收设备分发所述待分发内容；
    所述第二发送单元，配置为告知接收设备以组播方式接收待接收内容。
  7. 一种补偿方法，包括：
    接收设备在接收到的通过组播方式下发的第一内容存在缺失的情况下，通过单播方式向保存有缺失内容的分发设备发送补偿请求，所述补偿请求用于请求获取所述缺失内容。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括：
    在接收到通过组播方式下发的所述第一内容之前，接收来自管理设备的内容补偿地址；
    所述通过单播方式向保存有缺失内容的分发设备发送补偿请求，包括：
    向所述内容补偿地址对应的内容分发设备发送补偿请求。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述通过单播方式向保存有缺 失内容的分发设备发送补偿请求，包括：
    向分发所述第一内容的分发设备发送补偿请求。
  10. 根据权利要求7至9任意一项所述的方法，其中，所述补偿请求中至少包括以下一种信息或一种信息组合：
    分片名称、缺失分段所属文件的名称/标识、缺失起始偏移量以及长度的组合。
  11. 一种补偿系统，包括：接收设备和分发设备；
    所述接收设备，配置为在接收到的通过组播方式下发的第一内容存在缺失的情况下，通过单播方式向保存有缺失内容的所述分发设备发送补偿请求，所述补偿请求用于请求获取所述缺失内容。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的系统，其中，所述系统还包括管理设备；所述接收设备配置为，在接收到通过组播方式下发的所述第一内容之前，接收来自管理设备的内容补偿地址；还配置为在接收到的通过组播方式下发的内容下载不完整或保存不完整时，向所述内容补偿地址对应的内容分发设备发送补偿请求。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的系统，其中，所述接收设备配置为，
    在接收到的通过组播方式下发的所述第一内容存在缺失时，向分发所述第一内容的分发设备发送补偿请求。
  14. 一种接收设备，所述接收设备包括：第一接收单元和第三发送单元；
    所述第一接收单元，配置为接收到的通过组播方式下发的第一内容存在缺失
    所述第三发送单元，配置为通过单播方式向保存有缺失内容的分发设备发送补偿请求，所述补偿请求用于请求获取所述缺失内容。
  15. 一种补偿方法，包括：
    管理设备告知分发设备以组播方式分发待分发内容，以及告知接收设备以组播方式接收待接收内容；
    所述分发设备根据所述管理设备的指示以组播方式向所述接收设备分发所述待分发内容；
    所述分发设备在接收到所述接收设备通过单播方式发送的补偿请求后，根据所述补偿请求查找所述接收设备缺失的内容，将查找到内容发送至所述接收设备。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中，所述管理设备告知分发设备以组播方式分发待分发内容，以及告知接收设备以组播方式接收待接收内容，包括：
    所述管理设备定时将待分发内容的列表以组播的方式发送至组播地址，以使所述接收设备根据所述列表请求获取内容；
    所述分发设备根据所述管理设备的指示以组播方式向所述接收设备分发所述待分发内容，包括：
    所述分发设备在接收到所述接收设备的内容请求后，确定所述接收设备请求的第二内容是否正在第一组播地址以分发；当所述接收设备请求的第二内容正在第一组播地址以分发时，通知所述接收设备从所述第一组播地址处获取所述第二内容；当所述接收设备请求的第二内容未正在第一组播地址以分发时，查看目前向所述分发设备请求所述第二内容的所有接收设备的个数是否超过阈值，如果超过阈值，则在第二组播地址重新分发所述第二内容，并通知所述所有接收设备切换至第二组播地址接收所述第二内容，如果未超过阈值，则所述分发设备直接以单播的方式响应所述所有接收设备的内容请求。
  17. 根据权利要求15或16所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括：
    在所述管理设备收到所述接收设备反馈的第三内容接收存在缺失的情 况的频率超过阈值时，通知所述分发设备重新以组播的方式分发缺失部分的第三内容。
  18. 一种补偿系统，包括：
    管理设备，配置为告知分发设备以组播方式分发待分发内容，以及告知接收设备以组播方式接收待接收内容；
    所述分发设备，配置为根据所述管理设备的指示以组播方式向所述接收设备分发所述待分发内容，在接收到所述接收设备通过单播方式发送的补偿请求后，根据所述补偿请求查找所述接收设备缺失的内容，将查找到内容发送至所述接收设备。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的系统，其中，所述管理设备配置为：定时将待分发内容的列表以组播的方式发送至组播地址，以使所述接收设备根据所述列表请求获取内容；
    所述分发设备配置为：在接收到所述接收设备的内容请求后，确定所述接收设备请求的第二内容是否正在第一组播地址以分发；当所述接收设备请求的第二内容正在第一组播地址以分发时，通知所述接收设备从所述第一组播地址处获取所述第二内容；当所述接收设备请求的第二内容未正在第一组播地址以分发时，查看目前向所述分发设备请求所述第二内容的所有接收设备的个数是否超过阈值，如果超过阈值，则在第二组播地址重新分发所述第二内容，并通知所述所有接收设备切换至第二组播地址接收所述第二内容，如果未超过阈值，则所述分发设备直接以单播的方式响应所述所有接收设备的内容请求。
  20. 根据权利要求18或19所述的系统，其中，所述管理设备还配置为，在所述管理设备收到所述接收设备反馈的第三内容接收存在缺失的情况的频率超过阈值时，通知所述分发设备重新以组播的方式分发缺失部分的第三内容。
  21. 一种计算机存储介质，所述计算机存储介质中存储有计算机可执行指令，所述计算机可执行指令用于执行权利要求1至3任一项所述的分发方法。
  22. 一种计算机存储介质，所述计算机存储介质中存储有计算机可执行指令，所述计算机可执行指令用于执行权利要求7至10任一项所述的补偿方法。
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