WO2017181677A1 - 一种自除臭堆肥化处理系统 - Google Patents

一种自除臭堆肥化处理系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017181677A1
WO2017181677A1 PCT/CN2016/107625 CN2016107625W WO2017181677A1 WO 2017181677 A1 WO2017181677 A1 WO 2017181677A1 CN 2016107625 W CN2016107625 W CN 2016107625W WO 2017181677 A1 WO2017181677 A1 WO 2017181677A1
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deodorizing
membrane
water
gas
layer
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PCT/CN2016/107625
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English (en)
French (fr)
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吕凡
何品晶
邵立明
章骅
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同济大学
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Priority to US15/639,920 priority Critical patent/US10730808B2/en
Publication of WO2017181677A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017181677A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a self-deodorizing composting treatment system, belonging to the field of environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of resources.
  • Composting is a biological treatment technology widely used to treat biomass waste such as kitchen waste, domestic garbage, sludge, manure, straw, etc. It refers to the use of aerobic microbial metabolism to stabilize the degradation of biomass waste, and is no longer perishable. Stinks and becomes a process of soil conditioner compatible with plant growth. Moisture control and odor control are two key technologies for composting.
  • negative pressure forced ventilation + exhaust gas deodorization or a closed space in the confined space or positive forced ventilation + space negative pressure collecting gas + exhaust gas deodorization means.
  • Deodorization of exhaust gases generally takes the form of physical, chemical or biological filtration. The amount of exhaust gas must be greater than the amount of ventilation to ensure efficient collection of ventilation gases, so the amount of exhaust gas treatment is quite large, requiring a large area of exhaust gas treatment facilities and high operating costs.
  • the pile can be covered with a flexible covering material that is not airtight and impervious to prevent odor emission and rainwater infiltration.
  • a flexible covering material that is not airtight and impervious to prevent odor emission and rainwater infiltration.
  • it is necessary to uncover the covering material, and a large amount of malodor generated during the period is difficult to control.
  • the water vapor in the pile cannot be discharged, and it will condense on the inside of the cover and drip back to the surface of the pile.
  • the cover can be changed to a gas permeable but water impermeable material so that rain outside the cover cannot penetrate, and the air and water vapor of the forced air vent can pass through the cover.
  • the cover can also partially block the odorous gases such as VOCs, bacteria, and aerosols by adsorption and filtration.
  • covering materials that have been used in composting systems include: 1) GORE-TEX three-layer fabrics supplied by WLGore & Associates, Inc. are waterproof, breathable and windproof. The core of the material is sandwiched between two woven polyester materials. Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), which has a pore diameter of several hundred nanometers, allows water vapor molecules with a molecular diameter of 0.324 nm to pass through, while water droplets with a diameter of 1 to 2 mm are impermeable.
  • ePTFE Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene
  • Applications such as [Slawomir Kasinski, Monika Slota, Michal Markowski, Anna Kaminska. Municipal waste stabilization in a reactor with an integrated active and passive aeration system. Waste Management, 2016, 50, 31-38].
  • Du Pont DuPont's patent [composting treatment system, CN1280240, US20020019045] laminating a breathable impervious fabric such as DuPont's Tyvek@1423A (a UV- and heat-stabilized flash-spun polyethylene) powder
  • a breathable impervious fabric such as DuPont's Tyvek@1423A (a UV- and heat-stabilized flash-spun polyethylene) powder
  • the polypropylene-based webbing as a reinforcing layer is thermally laminated to a high-density polyethylene grid (0.8 cm ⁇ 0.8 cm opening), and this composite laminate is then used as the outer wall of the composting chamber, which has the advantage of It avoids the contact layer directly contacting the stack, facilitating the ingress and egress of equipment and materials, and the condensate formed on the inside of the cover can slide along the grille to the wall without directly dripping on the stack.
  • the above methods all adopt a layer of covering material (including multi-layer material), and the synchronous control effect of moisture and odor is not ideal: the amount of water vapor emission during forced ventilation is large, but at the same time, the amount of odor emission is also large; High air permeability, that is, when the gas permeability is good, it means that the pore size of the pores is large, and it is easy to pass the malodorous gas molecules, even bacteria and aerosols; the inside of the covering material blocks the bacteria, aerosols and condensates and gradually forms.
  • the biofilm or fouling layer although beneficial to further remove malodorous gas molecules, the microporous pore size of the covering material will gradually shrink, resulting in reduced gas permeability and water vapor cannot be discharged; the covering directly covering the heap is easily stained. And grow bacteria.
  • a self-deodorizing composting treatment system comprising an outer membrane, an inner membrane, a gas rib type skeleton and a deodorizing base, wherein the deodorizing base is provided with two, and the outer membrane and the inner membrane are composed of air ribs
  • the skeleton is opened, and both ends of the outer membrane and the inner membrane are respectively fixed on the two deodorizing bases, thereby forming a closed space between the outer membrane and the inner membrane, and the outer membrane is located outside the air rib skeleton.
  • the outer membrane is made of a gas-impermeable and impervious fabric, and the inner membrane is located on the air-ribbed bone.
  • the inner membrane adopts a gas-permeable and impervious fabric, and the inner side of the inner membrane is used for placing the pile body, and the malodorous gas and water vapor generated by the pile enter the outer membrane and the inner membrane through the inner membrane to form a seal.
  • water vapor condenses into water in the confined space, and the malodorous gas molecules are absorbed and dissolved into the condensed water, thereby forming waste water, which slides along the inner side of the outer membrane and the outer side of the inner membrane to the deodorizing base at the bottom, The deodorizing base is discharged.
  • the outer film faces the outer space, and the air-tight and impervious fabric is used. Water vapor, malodorous gas and condensed water are not allowed to pass through, and rainwater does not penetrate. High toughness materials resistant to UV degradation and oxidation are preferred.
  • the inner membrane faces the stack and is made of a breathable impervious fabric.
  • the inner water vapor and malodorous gas can penetrate to the outside, and the condensed water does not flow back to the inside.
  • a material having a water vapor permeability higher than 3000 g/(m 2 ⁇ s) is preferred so that water vapor can quickly leave the stacking space, avoid condensation inside the inner membrane and fall back to the heap. on.
  • Antibacterial materials are preferred to avoid formation of biofilms, clogging of membrane pores, and reduced air permeability.
  • materials with air permeability greater than 15 L/(m 2 ⁇ s) (tested at 10 mbar according to ISO 9297) are preferred to allow the exhaust gas to be discharged in time.
  • the deodorizing base has the function of fixing and sealing the outer membrane of the outer membrane, collecting waste water and treating waste water.
  • the deodorizing base comprises a grooved frame, and the ends of the outer film and the inner film are fixed to the inner side of the channel frame by a fixture.
  • a packing layer is laid in the upper layer in the trough frame, and a diversion layer is laid in the lower layer.
  • the wastewater between the outer membrane and the inner membrane first flows into the filler layer, then flows into the fluid guiding layer and is discharged from the fluid guiding layer.
  • the filler layer is used for adsorbing, absorbing and degrading malodorous gas molecules dissolved in the condensed water. When the biofilm is formed on the surface of the filler in the filler layer, the filler layer is also used to degrade the malodorous gas molecules by biological action.
  • the drainage layer is used to collect and discharge wastewater.
  • the filler in the filler layer is selected from the group consisting of biochar particles or activated carbon particles, and the lower surface of the drainage layer has a certain slope, and the drainage layer is selected from a water permeable material (such as gravel, etc.) or a water permeable plate is directly disposed.
  • an oxygen sensor is placed on the packing layer to monitor the oxygen content in the space between the outer membrane and the inner membrane, and the oxygen sensor is transmitted to the oxygen controller through the oxygen detecting signal line, and the oxygen controller passes through the electronically controlled line and the blower II. Connection, when the oxygen content is lower than the set value, the oxygen controller drives the blower II through the electronic control line to supply oxygen to the landfill.
  • a preferred oxygen control level is 10% (v/v).
  • a water gas collecting pipe communicating with the gas guiding layer, the water gas collecting pipe directly discharging the collected waste water and exhaust gas, or, in order to improve the level of pollution control, the water Gas collection tube
  • the external water and gas control system uses the water and gas control system to further process and purify the collected wastewater and waste gas.
  • the water gas collecting pipe is provided with an electric control valve. When the electric control valve is opened, the water gas collecting pipe discharges the waste water and the exhaust gas in the diversion layer, and when the electric control valve is closed, the waste water and the gas are sealed. In this treatment system, the residence time of the malodorous gas molecules during the period is increased, so that the malodor removal efficiency can be improved.
  • the air rib type skeleton functions to support and separate the outer membrane and the inner membrane.
  • the air rib type skeleton is composed of a plurality of independent inflatable columns, and each of the inflatable columns is curved into an arc, each of which is inflated. The two ends of the column are respectively located above the two deodorizing bases.
  • Each inflatable column is provided with a separate inflation line and air pressure sensor, and an independent electronically controlled valve is arranged on the inflation pipeline, and all the inflation pipelines are connected with the blower I, and the air pressure sensor passes the air pressure detection signal line and The air pressure controller is connected, and the air pressure controller is respectively connected to each of the electronically controlled valves and the blower I through an electronic control line.
  • the air pressure controller drives the air blower I and the electric control valve. Supply it separately.
  • the inflatable column is connected to the outer membrane and the inner membrane through a fixing ring, which is easy to disassemble and assemble, and the outer membrane and the inner membrane can be separately disassembled and cleaned.
  • the resulting stacking space can be completely closed by the outer membrane before and after, and a transparent window and a large and small door hole can be arranged on the outer membrane to facilitate occasional access of equipment, materials and personnel.
  • the self-deodorizing composting treatment system of the present invention adopts a double-layer membrane structure, and can realize the following functions:
  • the inner membrane faces the stack, and the air-permeable and impervious fabric is used.
  • the inner water vapor and malodorous gas can pass to the outer side, and the condensed water does not flow back to the inner side;
  • the outer membrane faces the outer space, and is airtight and impervious.
  • Figure 1 is an elevational view of a combination of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of the pedestal detail of Figure 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of the air rib type skeleton of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the condensate collection process and air pressure control of FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the operation of the forward forced forced composting treatment by applying the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the operation of composting treatment for turning over the pile by applying the present invention.
  • the numbers in the figure are as follows: 1-outer film; 2-inner film; 3-air rib type skeleton; 4-deodorizing base; 5-fixing ring; 6-groove frame; 7-fixer; 8-flow Layer; 9-filler layer; 10-blower I; 11-pressure controller; 12-electric control valve; 13-pressure sensor; 14-air pressure detection signal line; 15--electric control line; 16-blower II; Gas control system; 18-oxygen controller; 19-oxygen sensor; 20-oxygen detection signal line; 21-combination device; 22-stack; 23-blower III; 24-ventilation tube; 25-turner; Water and gas collection pipe.
  • a self-deodorizing composting treatment system as shown in FIG. 1 , comprising an outer membrane 1, an inner membrane 2, a gas rib type skeleton 3 and a deodorizing base 4, and two deodorizing bases 4, an outer membrane 1
  • the inner membrane 2 is expanded by the air rib type skeleton 3, and both ends of the outer membrane 1 and the inner membrane 2 are respectively fixed on the two deodorizing bases 4, thereby forming a closed space between the outer membrane 1 and the inner membrane 2.
  • the outer membrane 1 is located outside the air rib type skeleton 3, the outer membrane 1 is made of a gas-impermeable and water-impermeable fabric, the inner membrane 2 is located inside the air rib type skeleton 3, the inner membrane 2 is made of a gas-permeable and impervious fabric, and the inner membrane 2 is used for placing the pile inside.
  • the body 22 the malodorous gas and the water vapor generated by the stack 22 enter the confined space formed between the outer membrane 1 and the inner membrane 2 through the inner membrane 2, the water vapor condenses into water in the closed space, and the malodorous gas molecules It is absorbed and dissolved in the condensed water, thereby forming waste water, which is discharged along the inner side of the outer film 1 and the outer side of the inner film 2 to the bottom deodorizing base 4, and is discharged by the deodorizing base 4.
  • the outer film 1 faces the outer space, and adopts an air-impermeable and water-impermeable fabric. Water vapor, malodorous gas and condensed water are not allowed to pass through, and rainwater does not penetrate. High toughness materials resistant to UV degradation and oxidation are preferred.
  • the inner membrane 2 faces the stack and is made of a permeable, water-impermeable fabric.
  • the inner water vapor and malodorous gas can pass through to the outside, and the condensed water does not flow back to the inside.
  • a material having a water vapor permeability higher than 3000 g/(m 2 ⁇ s) is preferred so that water vapor can quickly leave the stacking space, avoid condensation inside the inner membrane 2 and fall back to the heap. Physically. Antibacterial materials are preferred to avoid formation of biofilms, clogging of membrane pores, and reduced air permeability.
  • materials with air permeability greater than 15 L/(m 2 ⁇ s) (tested at 10 mbar according to ISO 9297) are preferred to allow the exhaust gas to be discharged in time.
  • the deodorizing base 4 has a function of fixing and closing the outer membrane of the outer membrane, collecting waste water, and treating waste water.
  • Deodorizing base 4 is detailed as shown in FIG. 2, and includes a grooved frame 6, and the ends of the outer film 1 and the inner film 2 are fixed to the inner side of the grooved frame 6 by the holder 7.
  • a packing layer 9 is laid in the upper layer in the trough frame 6, and a baffle 8 is laid in the lower layer.
  • the wastewater between the outer membrane 1 and the inner membrane 2 first flows into the filler layer 9, and then flows into the flow guiding layer 8 to be discharged from the flow guiding layer 8.
  • the filler layer 9 is used for adsorbing, absorbing and degrading malodorous gas molecules dissolved in the condensed water. When the surface of the filler in the filler layer 9 forms a biofilm, the filler layer 9 is also used to degrade the malodorous gas molecules by biological action.
  • the drainage layer 8 is used to collect and discharge wastewater.
  • the filler in the filler layer 9 is selected from the group consisting of biochar particles or activated carbon particles, the lower surface of the flow guiding layer 8 has a certain slope, the guiding layer 8 is selected as a water permeable material (such as gravel, etc.) or the water permeable plate is directly disposed.
  • the oxygen content in the head space of the filler layer 9 can be maintained at a high level to ensure that the microorganisms in the filler layer 9 are aerobic. status.
  • an oxygen sensor 19 is placed on the packing layer 9 to monitor the oxygen content of the space between the outer membrane 1 and the inner membrane 2, and the oxygen sensor 19 is sent to the oxygen controller 18 through the oxygen detecting signal line 20, and the oxygen controller 18 passes the electricity.
  • the control circuit 15 is connected to the blower II16. When the oxygen content is lower than the set value, the oxygen controller 18 drives the start blower II16 through the electronic control line 15 to supply oxygen to the landfill layer 9.
  • a preferred oxygen control level is 10% (v/v).
  • a water gas collecting pipe 26 communicating with the gas guiding layer 8 is also provided, and the water gas collecting pipe 26 directly discharges the collected waste water and exhaust gas, or, in order to improve the level of pollution control, water and gas collection
  • the tube 26 is externally connected to the water vapor control system 17, and the collected wastewater and exhaust gas are further treated and purified by the water vapor control system 17.
  • the water gas collecting pipe 26 is provided with an electric control valve 12, and when the electric control valve 12 is opened, the water gas collecting pipe 26 discharges the waste water and the exhaust gas in the guiding layer 8, and when the electronic control valve 12 is closed, the waste water and the gas are sealed. In this treatment system, the residence time of the malodorous gas molecules during the period is increased, so that the malodor removal efficiency can be improved.
  • the air rib type skeleton 3 functions to support and separate the outer film 1 and the inner film 2. As shown in Fig. 3, the air rib type skeleton 3 is composed of a plurality of independent inflatable columns, and each of the inflatable columns is curved. Two ends of each of the inflatable columns are respectively located above the two deodorizing bases 4.
  • Each of the inflatable columns is provided with a separate inflation line and air pressure sensor 13, and an independent electronically controlled valve 12 is provided on the inflation line. All of the inflation lines are connected to the blower I10, and the air pressure sensor 13 passes the air pressure detection signal line 14. Connected to the air pressure controller 11, the air pressure controller 11 is respectively connected to each of the electronically controlled valve 12 and the blower I10 through the electronic control circuit 15, and when the pressure of a certain air column is lowered, the air pressure controller 11 The blower fan I10 and the electronically controlled valve 12 are separately supplied with air.
  • the use of a separate inflatable column can avoid the damage of the overall structure caused by partial leakage, which is convenient for maintenance and overhaul, and saves the cost of blasting.
  • the inflation column is connected to the outer membrane 1 and the inner membrane 2 through the fixing ring 5, which is easy to disassemble and assemble, and the outer membrane 1 and the inner membrane 2 can be separately disassembled and cleaned.
  • the resulting stacking space can be completely closed by the outer membrane 1 before and after, or a transparent window and a size door hole can be arranged on the outer membrane 1 to facilitate occasional access of equipment, materials and personnel.
  • the combined device 21 of the present invention is applied to a single fermentation stage of a positive pressure forced draft composting process.
  • the stack 22 is in the combination device 21, the blower III 23 is placed outside, and the blower III 23 is ventilated to the inside of the combination device 21 through the vent pipe 24.
  • the water vapor generated by the stack 22, the malodorous gas, and the exhaust gas formed by the positive pressure blast passing through the stack 22 pass through the inner membrane 2, but can be completely blocked by the outer membrane 1, and the formed waste water and exhaust gas pass through the base 4. Being processed. Therefore, no odor is perceived on the outer side of the outer film 1.
  • the combination device 21 of the present invention is applied to the secondary fermentation stage of composting. Since the content of easily degradable organic matter in the biomass waste is lower in the secondary fermentation stage, the water content is lowered, so the oxygen demand is lowered, and the blower III 23 can be turned off.
  • the air blower II 16 in FIG. 4 is directly used for oxygen supply, and the oxygen content of the stacking space is maintained to be greater than 10% to accelerate the decomposing of the stack 22.
  • the combination device 21 of the present invention is applied to a composting process using a turn-over method.
  • the air blower II 16 of Fig. 4 is used for oxygen supply, and the oxygen content of the stacking space is maintained to be greater than 18%, which is convenient for the operator to breathe.
  • the oxygen content of the stacking space is maintained to be greater than 10%, which is convenient to reduce the level of malodor in the space.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种自除臭堆肥化处理系统，包括外膜、内膜、气肋式骨架与除臭基座，所述的除臭基座设有两个，所述的外膜与内膜由气肋式骨架撑开，且外膜与内膜的两端分别固定在两个除臭基座上，由此外膜和内膜之间形成密闭空间，所述的内膜内侧用于放置堆体，堆体产生的恶臭气体和水蒸汽通过内膜进入到外膜和内膜之间形成的密闭空间内，水蒸汽在该密闭空间中冷凝成水，而且恶臭气体分子会被吸收溶解至冷凝水中，由此形成废水，沿外膜内侧和内膜外侧滑落至底部的除臭基座中，由除臭基座排出。与现有技术相比，本发明系统结构简单，可拆卸，能够隔离并去除生物质废物堆肥化处理时产生的恶臭和水蒸汽。

Description

一种自除臭堆肥化处理系统 技术领域
本发明涉及一种自除臭堆肥化处理系统，属于环境保护和资源综合利用领域。
背景技术
堆肥化是一种生物处理技术，广泛用于处理餐厨垃圾、生活垃圾、污泥、粪便、秸秆等生物质废物，指的是利用好氧微生物代谢使生物质废物降解稳定，不再易腐发臭，成为相容于植物生长的土壤调理剂的过程。水分控制和臭气控制是堆肥化处理的两个技术关键。
堆体物料孔隙必须维持一定的空隙才能确保气流通畅、维持有氧状态、避免形成厌氧区域。因此，含水率高的生物质废物往往需要添加调理剂以降低进料含水率，同时在堆制的过程中需要高强度的通风或翻堆，以使水分能以水蒸汽的形式迅速散失。但在通风和翻堆时，恶臭气体会随着水蒸汽一起大量散发，这些恶臭气体主要是由挥发性有机化合物(Volatile Organic Compounds，VOCs)、氨气和硫化氢组成。
为了同时控制水分和臭气，可以采取负压强制通风+尾气除臭，或，密闭空间内翻堆或正向强制通风+空间负压收集气体+尾气除臭的方式。尾气除臭一般采取物理、化学或生物滤池方法。尾气量必须大于通风量以保证对通风气体的有效收集，因而尾气处理量相当巨大，需要大面积的尾气处理设施占地以及高昂的运营成本。
为了缓解室外堆体散发恶臭的问题，可以在堆体上覆盖不透气也不透水的柔性覆盖材料，以防止恶臭散发以及雨水渗入。但在通风或翻堆的时候，需要揭开覆盖材料，期间产生的大量恶臭难以控制。而且堆体中的水蒸汽无法排出，会在覆盖物内侧冷凝，滴落回堆体表面。
上述覆盖物可以改为透气但不透水的材料，使得覆盖物外部雨水无法渗入，而强制通风堆体的空气和水蒸汽都能够透过覆盖物。此外，该覆盖物还能通过吸附、过滤起到部分堵截VOCs等恶臭气体、细菌、气溶胶的作用。
已用于堆肥化处理系统的覆盖材料的例子包括：1)W.L.Gore&Associates,Inc公司供应的GORE-TEX三层面料具备防水、透气和防风功能，该材料的核心是夹在两织造聚酯材料间的发泡多孔聚四氟乙烯层(Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene， ePTFE)，该层微孔孔径数百纳米，可使分子直径为0.324nm的水蒸汽分子通过，而直径为1～2mm的水滴则不能透过。应用案例如【Slawomir Kasinski,Monika Slota,Michal Markowski,Anna Kaminska.Municipal waste stabilization in a reactor with an integrated active and passive aeration system.Waste Management,2016,50,31-38】。2)Ploucquet C F Gmbh公司的德国专利【Abdeckung aus Kunststoff für eine Kompostmiete(Plastic cover for a compost heap)，DE 4231414】，采用的覆盖材料是夹在两织造或非织造材料间的微孔聚氨酯(Polyurethane)或微孔聚乙烯(Polyethylene)，在10mbar压差时透风量可达1-15L/(m2·s)。3)Du Pont杜邦公司的专利【堆肥化处理系统，CN1280240，US20020019045】将透气不透水面料(如杜邦的Tyvek@1423A(一种经紫外线和热稳定化处理的闪纺聚乙烯)粉末层压到作为加固层的聚丙烯基织带)热层合到高密度聚乙烯格栅(0.8cm×0.8cm开孔)上，然后将这种复合层合物作为堆肥化处理箱室的外壁，其优点是避免了覆盖层直接与堆体接触、方便设备和物料进出、覆盖物内侧形成的冷凝液能沿着格栅滑至墙边而不会直接滴落在堆体上。
上述方法均采用一层覆盖材料(内含多层材质)，水分和臭气的同步控制效果不很理想：强制通风期间水蒸汽散发量大，但同时臭气的散发量也大；覆盖材料的空气渗透性高，即透气效果好时，则意味着微孔孔径较大，此时容易透过恶臭气体分子，甚至细菌和气溶胶；覆盖材料内侧堵截了细菌、气溶胶、冷凝液后会逐渐形成生物膜或结垢层，虽然有利于进一步去除恶臭气体分子，但覆盖材料的微孔孔径会逐渐缩小，导致透气性能降低，水蒸汽无法排出；直接上覆于堆体的覆盖物容易被沾污和滋长细菌。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种自除臭堆肥化处理系统。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现：
一种自除臭堆肥化处理系统，包括外膜、内膜、气肋式骨架与除臭基座，所述的除臭基座设有两个，所述的外膜与内膜由气肋式骨架撑开，且外膜与内膜的两端分别固定在两个除臭基座上，由此外膜和内膜之间形成密闭空间，所述的外膜位于气肋式骨架外侧，所述的外膜采用不透气也不透水面料，所述的内膜位于气肋式骨 架内侧，所述的内膜采用透气不透水面料，所述的内膜内侧用于放置堆体，堆体产生的恶臭气体和水蒸汽通过内膜进入到外膜和内膜之间形成的密闭空间内，水蒸汽在该密闭空间中冷凝成水，而且恶臭气体分子会被吸收溶解至冷凝水中，由此形成废水，沿外膜内侧和内膜外侧滑落至底部的除臭基座中，由除臭基座排出。
外膜朝向外部空间，采用不透气也不透水面料，水蒸汽、恶臭气体和冷凝水均无法透出，雨水也不会渗入。优选高韧度、能抵抗紫外线降解和氧化的材料。
内膜朝向堆体，采用透气不透水面料，内侧的水蒸汽和恶臭气体能够透过至外侧，而冷凝水不会回流至内侧。优选水蒸汽渗透性高于3000g/(m2·s)的材料(按照ASTM E3983在23℃下测量)，以使得水蒸汽能迅速离开堆制空间，避免在内膜内侧冷凝而回落至堆体上。优选能抗菌的材料，以避免形成生物膜，堵塞膜微孔，而降低了空气渗透性。当堆肥化采用正向强制通风的供氧方式时，优选空气渗透性大于15L/(m2·s)的材料(按照ISO9297在10mbar下测试)，以使尾气能及时排泄。
除臭基座具备固定和封闭外膜内膜、收集废水和处理废水的功能。所述的除臭基座包括一槽型框架，所述的外膜和内膜的端部均通过固定器固定在槽型框架的内侧。在槽型框架内上层铺设填料层，下层铺设导流层。所述的外膜和内膜之间的废水先流入到填料层中，再流入到导流层中，从导流层排出。填料层用于吸附、吸收和降解溶解在冷凝水中的恶臭气体分子，当填料层内填料表面生成生物膜后，所述的填料层还用于通过生物作用降解恶臭气体分子。导流层用于收集和导排废水。
所述的填料层内填料选自生物炭颗粒或活性炭颗粒，所述的导流层下表面有一定的坡度，所述的导流层选择透水材料(比如砾石等)或直接设置透水板。
进一步地，为了强化填料层去除恶臭气体分子的好氧生物降解效率，可以通过维持填料层顶部空间的氧气处于较高含量来实现，以确保填料层中的微生物为好氧状态。具体地，在填料层上安放氧气传感器以监测外膜与内膜之间空间的氧气含量，氧气传感器通过氧气探测信号线传送至氧气控制器，所述的氧气控制器通过电控线路与鼓风机II连接，当氧气含量低于设定值时，氧气控制器通过电控线路促发启动鼓风机II，为填埋层供氧。由于内膜具有一定的空气渗透性，因此氧气会扩散至堆制空间，使得堆制空间(即堆体表层以上)也具有较高的氧气水平，这也有利于堆制空间的恶臭气体分子降解。优选的氧气控制含量是10％(v/v)。
对于除臭基座而言，还设置有与导流层连通的水气收集管，所述的水气收集管将收集的废水和废气直接排出，或者，为了提高污染控制水平，所述的水气收集管 外接水气控制系统，利用水气控制系统对收集的废水和废气进一步处理净化。所述的水气收集管上设有电控阀门，电控阀门打开时，所述的水气收集管将导流层内废水和废气排出，当电控阀门关闭时，将废水和气体封闭于此处理系统中，增加了恶臭气体分子在期间的停留时间，从而能提高恶臭去除效率。
所述的气肋式骨架起到支撑和隔开外膜与内膜的作用，所述的气肋式骨架由多个独立的充气柱构成，且每个充气柱弯成弧形，每个充气柱的两端分别位于两个除臭基座的上方。
每个充气柱都设有单独的充气管路与气压传感器，在充气管路上设有独立的电控阀门，所有的充气管路均与鼓风机I连接，所述的气压传感器通过气压探测信号线与气压控制器连接，所述的气压控制器通过电控线路分别与每个电控阀门及鼓风机I连接，当某个充气柱的压力降低时，即由气压控制器促发鼓风机I和电控阀门为其单独供气。采用独立充气柱可以避免局部泄露而产生的整体结构破坏，便于维护和检修，同时节省鼓风成本。
所述的充气柱与外膜和内膜通过固定环连接，便于拆卸组装，并且外膜和内膜可独立拆卸、清洗。由此形成的堆制空间前后可以用外膜完全封闭，也可以在外膜上设置透明视窗以及大小门孔，便于设备、物料和人员的偶尔进出。
与现有技术相比，本发明自除臭堆肥化处理系统采用双层膜结构，能够实现如下功能：
1)内膜朝向堆体，采用透气不透水面料，内侧的水蒸汽和恶臭气体能够透过至外侧，而冷凝水不会回流至内侧；2)外膜朝向外部空间，采用不透气也不透水面料，水蒸汽、恶臭气体和冷凝水均无法透出，雨水也不会渗入；3)水蒸汽在双层面料之间冷凝，并沿着内膜外侧和外膜内侧滑落，汇集至用于固定外膜和内膜的底部基座；4)恶臭气体分子随水蒸汽一起溶解至冷凝水中；5)恶臭气体分子随冷凝水流经废水处理构件时得以被去除；6)气肋式骨架形成活动式立体空间，便于拆装、设备和物料进出；7)双层面料可独立拆卸、清洗。
附图说明
图1为本发明的一个优选实施方案组合装置的立面图。
图2为图1的基座细部立面图。
图3为图1的气肋式骨架平面图。
图4为图1的冷凝液收集处理和气压控制示意图。
图5为应用本发明进行正向强制通风堆肥化处理的运行示意图。
图6为应用本发明进行翻堆的堆肥化处理运行示意图。
图中各标号如下：1-外膜；2-内膜；3-气肋式骨架；4-除臭基座；5-固定环；6-槽型框架；7-固定器；8-导流层；9-填料层；10-鼓风机I；11-气压控制器；12-电控阀门；13-气压传感器；14-气压探测信号线；15-电控线路；16-鼓风机II；17-水气控制系统；18-氧气控制器；19-氧气传感器；20-氧气探测信号线；21-组合装置；22-堆体；23-鼓风机III；24-通风管；25-翻堆机；26-水气收集管。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例1
一种自除臭堆肥化处理系统，如图1所示，包括外膜1、内膜2、气肋式骨架3与除臭基座4，除臭基座4设有两个，外膜1与内膜2由气肋式骨架3撑开，且外膜1与内膜2的两端分别固定在两个除臭基座4上，由此外膜1和内膜2之间形成密闭空间，外膜1位于气肋式骨架3外侧，外膜1采用不透气也不透水面料，内膜2位于气肋式骨架3内侧，内膜2采用透气不透水面料，内膜2内侧用于放置堆体22，堆体22产生的恶臭气体和水蒸汽通过内膜2进入到外膜1和内膜2之间形成的密闭空间内，水蒸汽在该密闭空间中冷凝成水，而且恶臭气体分子会被吸收溶解至冷凝水中，由此形成废水，沿外膜1内侧和内膜2外侧滑落至底部的除臭基座4中，由除臭基座4排出。
外膜1朝向外部空间，采用不透气也不透水面料，水蒸汽、恶臭气体和冷凝水均无法透出，雨水也不会渗入。优选高韧度、能抵抗紫外线降解和氧化的材料。
内膜2朝向堆体，采用透气不透水面料，内侧的水蒸汽和恶臭气体能够透过至外侧，而冷凝水不会回流至内侧。优选水蒸汽渗透性高于3000g/(m2·s)的材料(按照ASTM E3983在23℃下测量)，以使得水蒸汽能迅速离开堆制空间，避免在内膜2内侧冷凝而回落至堆体上。优选能抗菌的材料，以避免形成生物膜，堵塞膜微孔，而降低了空气渗透性。当堆肥化采用正向强制通风的供氧方式时，优选空气渗透性大于15L/(m2·s)的材料(按照ISO9297在10mbar下测试)，以使尾气能及时排泄。
除臭基座4具备固定和封闭外膜内膜、收集废水和处理废水的功能。除臭基座 4其详图如图2所示，包括一槽型框架6，外膜1和内膜2的端部均通过固定器7固定在槽型框架6的内侧。在槽型框架6内上层铺设填料层9，下层铺设导流层8。外膜1和内膜2之间的废水先流入到填料层9中，再流入到导流层8中，从导流层8排出。填料层9用于吸附、吸收和降解溶解在冷凝水中的恶臭气体分子，当填料层9内填料表面生成生物膜后，填料层9还用于通过生物作用降解恶臭气体分子。导流层8用于收集和导排废水。
填料层9内填料选自生物炭颗粒或活性炭颗粒，导流层8下表面有一定的坡度，导流层8选择透水材料(比如砾石等)或直接设置透水板。
如图4所示，为了强化填料层9去除恶臭气体分子的好氧生物降解效率，可以通过维持填料层9顶部空间的氧气处于较高含量来实现，以确保填料层9中的微生物为好氧状态。具体地，在填料层9上安放氧气传感器19以监测外膜1与内膜2之间空间的氧气含量，氧气传感器19通过氧气探测信号线20传送至氧气控制器18，氧气控制器18通过电控线路15与鼓风机II16连接，当氧气含量低于设定值时，氧气控制器18通过电控线路15促发启动鼓风机II16，为填埋层9供氧。由于内膜2具有一定的空气渗透性，因此氧气会扩散至堆制空间，使得堆制空间(即堆体表层以上)也具有较高的氧气水平，这也有利于堆制空间的恶臭气体分子降解。优选的氧气控制含量是10％(v/v)。
对于除臭基座4而言，还设置有与导流层8连通的水气收集管26，水气收集管26将收集的废水和废气直接排出，或者，为了提高污染控制水平，水气收集管26外接水气控制系统17，利用水气控制系统17对收集的废水和废气进一步处理净化。水气收集管26上设有电控阀门12，电控阀门12打开时，水气收集管26将导流层8内废水和废气排出，当电控阀门12关闭时，将废水和气体封闭于此处理系统中，增加了恶臭气体分子在期间的停留时间，从而能提高恶臭去除效率。
气肋式骨架3起到支撑和隔开外膜1与内膜2的作用，如图3所示，气肋式骨架3由多个独立的充气柱构成，且每个充气柱弯成弧形，每个充气柱的两端分别位于两个除臭基座4的上方。
每个充气柱都设有单独的充气管路与气压传感器13，在充气管路上设有独立的电控阀门12，所有的充气管路均与鼓风机I10连接，气压传感器13通过气压探测信号线14与气压控制器11连接，气压控制器11通过电控线路15分别与每个电控阀门12及鼓风机I10连接，当某个充气柱的压力降低时，即由气压控制器11促 发鼓风机I10和电控阀门12为其单独供气。采用独立充气柱可以避免局部泄露而产生的整体结构破坏，便于维护和检修，同时节省鼓风成本。
充气柱与外膜1和内膜2通过固定环5连接，便于拆卸组装，并且外膜1和内膜2可独立拆卸、清洗。由此形成的堆制空间前后可以用外膜1完全封闭，也可以在外膜1上设置透明视窗以及大小门孔，便于设备、物料和人员的偶尔进出。
实施例2
如图5所示，将本发明的组合装置21应用于正压强制通风堆肥化工艺的一次发酵阶段。堆体22至于组合装置21内，鼓风机III 23置于外部，鼓风机III 23通过通风管24向组合装置21内部通气。堆体22产生的水蒸汽、恶臭气体以及正压鼓风经过堆体22后形成的尾气均会透过内膜2，但能被外膜1完全堵截，形成的废水和废气经过基座4得以被处理。因此，外膜1外侧感知不到臭味。
实施例3
如图5所示，本发明的组合装置21应用于堆肥化的二次发酵阶段。由于二次发酵阶段生物质废物中易降解有机物含量已较低，含水率下降，因此需氧量降低，可以关闭鼓风机III 23。而直接采用图4中的鼓风机II 16供氧，维持堆制空间的氧气含量大于10％，加速堆体22的腐熟。
实施例4
如图6所示，本发明的组合装置21应用于采用翻堆方式的堆肥化工艺。在翻堆机25行车期间，采用图4中的鼓风机II 16供氧，维持堆制空间的氧气含量大于18％，便于操作人员呼吸。在静置期间，维持堆制空间的氧气含量大于10％，便于降低空间中的恶臭水平。
上述的对实施例的描述是为便于该技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和使用发明。熟悉本领域技术的人员显然可以容易地对这些实施例做出各种修改，并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此，本发明不限于上述实施例，本领域技术人员根据本发明的揭示，不脱离本发明范畴所做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种自除臭堆肥化处理系统，其特征在于，包括外膜(1)、内膜(2)、气肋式骨架(3)与除臭基座(4)，所述的除臭基座(4)设有两个，所述的外膜(1)与内膜(2)由气肋式骨架(3)撑开，且外膜(1)与内膜(2)的两端分别固定在两个除臭基座(4)上，所述的外膜(1)位于气肋式骨架(3)外侧，所述的外膜(1)采用不透气也不透水面料，所述的内膜(2)位于气肋式骨架(3)内侧，所述的内膜(2)采用透气不透水面料，所述的内膜(2)内侧用于放置堆体(22)，堆体(22)产生的恶臭气体和水蒸汽从外膜(1)与内膜(2)之间流到除臭基座(4)内，由除臭基座(4)排出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种自除臭堆肥化处理系统，其特征在于，所述的除臭基座(4)包括一槽型框架(6)，在槽型框架(6)内上层铺设填料层(9)，下层铺设导流层(8)，填料层(9)用于吸附、吸收和降解溶解在冷凝水中的恶臭气体分子，导流层(8)用于收集和导排废水。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种自除臭堆肥化处理系统，其特征在于，当填料层(9)内填料表面生成生物膜后，所述的填料层(9)还用于通过生物作用降解恶臭气体分子。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种自除臭堆肥化处理系统，其特征在于，所述的填料层(9)内填料选自生物炭颗粒或活性炭颗粒，所述的导流层(8)下表面有一定的坡度，所述的导流层(8)选择透水材料或直接设置透水板。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的一种自除臭堆肥化处理系统，其特征在于，在填料层(9)上安放氧气传感器(19)以监测外膜(1)与内膜(2)之间空间的氧气含量，氧气传感器(19)通过氧气探测信号线(20)传送至氧气控制器(18)，所述的氧气控制器(18)通过电控线路(15)与鼓风机II(16)连接，当氧气含量低于设定值时，氧气控制器(18)通过电控线路(15)促发启动鼓风机II(16)，为填埋层(9)供氧。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的一种自除臭堆肥化处理系统，其特征在于，还设置有与导流层(8)连通的水气收集管(26)，所述的水气收集管(26)将收集的废水和废气直接排出，或者，所述的水气收集管(26)外接水气控制系统(17)，利用水气控制系统(17)对收集的废水和废气进一步处理净化。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种自除臭堆肥化处理系统，其特征在于，所述的气肋式骨架(3)由多个独立的充气柱构成，且每个充气柱弯成弧形，每个充气柱的两端分别位于两个除臭基座(4)的上方。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种自除臭堆肥化处理系统，其特征在于，每个充气柱都设有单独的充气管路与气压传感器(13)，在充气管路上设有独立的电控阀门(12)，所有的充气管路均与鼓风机I(10)连接，所述的气压传感器(13)通过气压探测信号线(14)与气压控制器(11)连接，所述的气压控制器(11)通过电控线路(15)分别与每个电控阀门(12)及鼓风机I(10)连接，当某个充气柱的压力降低时，即由气压控制器(11)促发鼓风机I(10)和电控阀门(12)为其单独供气。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的一种自除臭堆肥化处理系统，其特征在于，所述的充气柱与外膜(1)和内膜(2)通过固定环(5)连接。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种自除臭堆肥化处理系统，其特征在于，所述的外膜(1)上设置透明视窗以及大小门孔。
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CN112047769A (zh) * 2020-09-21 2020-12-08 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 一种有机废弃物双重覆膜静态快速堆肥系统及堆肥方法
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