Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
  • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
  • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
  • C10L5/442—Wood or forestry waste
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
  • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
  • C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F26—DRYING
  • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
  • F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
  • F26B5/14—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by applying pressure, e.g. wringing; by brushing; by wiping
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/08—Drying or removing water
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/24—Mixing, stirring of fuel components
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/28—Cutting, disintegrating, shredding or grinding
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/30—Pressing, compressing or compacting
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

• This invention concerns a procedure for the manufacture of pellets and briquettes and other products intended to be combusted, particularly such as are made from wood mass, making use of a disintegrator and utilising the waste heat.
• Pellets and briquettes and other products intended to be combusted are mainly made from sawdust obtained by sawing timber. Prior to pelleting it, the raw material (sawdust) must be modified to the required parameters for feeding to the pelleting/briquetting press in which the core of the manufacture of the pellets, briquettes or other products intended to serve as feedstock for combustion proceeds.
• the sawdust must be freed from unwanted admixtures, such as pieces of wood, stones and sand; pieces of metal from the saw mill, ferromagnetic and/or non-ferrous, may also be present.
• the raw material largely sawdust, dried solely by using external heat, produced by firing fossil fuels or biomass.
• the dry raw material is fed to the pelleting or briquetting press for pressing into the required shape.
• the drawbacks of this process include high energy use, particularly for drying the incoming material.
• the technological procedure - production line - includes a branch with a disintegrator, with one disintegrator as a minimum serving to crush a fraction of the material into tiny, dust particles - the crushed component, which is dried directly in the disintegrator to the required moisture content by using the waste heat generated during the crushing process, the water vapour generated being exhausted off the facility.
• the crushed fraction coming from the disintegrator possesses a moisture content and particle size different from those of the sawdust coming from the conventional line branch.
• the two fractions are mixed at a specific ratio to form a mixture whose properties are appropriate for subsequent pressing on a pelleting/briquetting press.
• the moisture contents of the sawdust and of the crushed component as well as the particle size of the constituents are monitored continuously and the proportions of the components are modified to achieve correct mixing.
• the precise proportioning and input parameter monitoring enable a high-quality product to be obtained.
• This sawdust/crushed component mixture not only exhibits better bonding properties: it also ensures a lower moisture content of the final product owing to the presence of the crushed component, prior subjected to the drying procedure. In other respects the procedure is no different from the established procedures.
• the share of the crushed component (coming from the disintegrator) in the final mix lies within the range from 25 vol.% to 98 vol.%.
• the ratio of the fractions is controlled based on the water content of the incoming material (sawdust), which may be different depending on the season of the year and on the starting type of timber.
• the main benefit of and reason for using the disintegrator is major energy savings during the manufacture of the pellets, briquettes or other products serving as feedstock for combustion. Owing to the drying of the crushed fraction in the disintegrator by using the heat generated in the system, the dependence of the drying heat is lowered appreciably, so that the amount of heat required to dry the sawdust can be reduced to 20% compared to the background status.
• the conventional drum dryer or belt dryer for drying the sawdust which requires heat from an external source, is completed with a system enabling the wood mass to be dried by mechanical energy of the disintegrator.
• the system breaks down the solid particles, thereby generating a certain amount of heat.
• the fraction being crushed in the disintegrator chamber collides / impacts on the rotating parts of the system.
• the heat generated together with the energy of the motion is able to heat the material very efficiently, whereby water is released as vapour and exhausted off the system. 4.
• the drying process in the disintegrator is very fast and efficient.
• the drying process in the disintegrator can be monitored very precisely by using appropriately selected sensors.
• the crushed fraction-to-sawdust ratio can be varied to control the raw material moisture content throughout the manufacturing process, thereby improving the material passability through the press. So refined, the manufacturing process reduces the energy used by the press and improves the pressing efficiency.
• the proposed technical solution is used for the manufacture of pellets and briquettes and is applicable to the manufacture of other feedstock for combustion as well.
• the pellet quality can be improved by adding a fraction of the dried uncrushed sawdust to the crushed component.
• Fig. 1 showing the layout of the production line for the manufacture of pellets and briquettes and, as the case may be, other feedstock for combustion.
• the transporting and proportioning conveyor 1_ conveys the sawdust to a belt dryer 2 and a fraction of the semi-finished product to a disintegrator 3.
• the semi-finished product is crushed in the disintegrator 3 to tiny wood dust particles - the crushed component, and heat is generated by the crushing process and is transferred to the crushed material directly in the disintegrator. Owing to this the crushed material is heated and dried.
• the moisture released, i.e. water vapour, is exhausted off the disintegrator 3.
• the semi-finished product from the belt dryer and from the disintegrator is fed into a mixing bin 4, where the dry sawdust and the crushed fraction are mixed in a predetermined ratio into the feedstock for the press to obtain pellets, briquettes or other fuel products.
• the proportioning conveyor sends then the mix to the pelleting press 5 and the pellet conveyor conveys the product for packaging.
• the procedure is applicable to the production of pellets, briquettes and other wood products primarily intended for combustion.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Forests & Forestry (AREA)
• Ecology (AREA)
• Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

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Citations (3)

Family Cites Families (7)

• 2016
  • 2016-04-14 CZ CZ2016-218A patent/CZ307833B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2017
  • 2017-04-13 WO PCT/CZ2017/000025 patent/WO2017177989A1/en active Application Filing

Patent Citations (3)

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