WO2017177884A1 - 生活垃圾低温热解系统 - Google Patents
生活垃圾低温热解系统 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017177884A1 WO2017177884A1 PCT/CN2017/080012 CN2017080012W WO2017177884A1 WO 2017177884 A1 WO2017177884 A1 WO 2017177884A1 CN 2017080012 W CN2017080012 W CN 2017080012W WO 2017177884 A1 WO2017177884 A1 WO 2017177884A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- furnace
- pyrolysis
- exhaust gas
- layer
- disposed
- Prior art date
Links
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
Definitions
- Waste incineration has not been accepted by the general public, and its ills are highlighted by its latent pollution, expensive, complicated operation and waste of resources.
- the composition of hundreds of major pollutants emitted from the tail gas of incinerators is extremely complex.
- dioxins are recognized as primary carcinogens, and even in trace amounts can accumulate in the body for a long time.
- Dioxins in domestic waste incineration smoke are a common concern in countries around the world in recent years.
- the waste pyrolysis technology is generally favored by environmental experts in various countries, and it is considered to be a new way for garbage disposal to be harmless, reduced and resourced.
- Pyrolysis technology has a long history in industrial production. The dry distillation of wood and coal, the cracking of heavy oil to produce various fuel oils are all derived from the pyrolysis principle. The pyrolysis principle has been applied to solid waste treatment abroad.
- the typical foreign pyrolysis processes include moving bed, grate bed, rotary kiln, double-tower circulating fluid bed, external thermal fixed bed, etc.; domestic waste pyrolysis equipment It was restructured on the basis of coal-fired boilers in the past, mainly including fixed bed, fluidized bed, rotary kiln, ablation bed, molten bath and other major categories.
- the composition of domestic waste is very complicated.
- Some secondary pollutants must be produced during the pyrolysis process, including some exhaust gases such as SOx, NOx, CO, HCl, tar, and some trace or ultra-trace pollutants such as heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, etc.), dioxins (PCDD/Fs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). If such pollutants are discharged without high-efficiency purification, they will cause serious pollution to the atmosphere and pose a serious threat to air quality.
- Some secondary pollutants such as SOx, NOx, CO, HCl, tar, and some trace or ultra-trace pollutants such as heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, etc.), dioxins (PCDD/Fs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
- the conventional treatment methods include adsorption, combustion or biological methods.
- the catalytic combustion method has high purification efficiency, but the disadvantage is that the catalyst is easily affected by the tar and carbon black solid matter in the waste pyrolysis flue gas. Efficiency, equipment volume is large, one-time investment and equipment operation energy consumption is large, and there are potential safety hazards.
- the adsorption method and absorption method have an ideal purification effect, but the pollutants after adsorption/absorption still need to be disposed of, and the energy consumption for regeneration is large.
- the application range of the condensation method is limited, and the treatment effect on the medium and high concentration volatile organic gases is good.
- Biological law investment and operating costs are low, but the operation is complicated, the floor space is large, and there is the possibility of secondary pollution.
- low temperature plasma technology is one of the effective ways to achieve simultaneous removal of composite pollutants.
- Low-temperature plasma is obtained by high-voltage discharge, containing a large amount of high-energy electrons and high-energy electrons to generate active particles, which can oxidize harmful gas pollutants into other harmless substances or low-toxic substances such as CO 2 and H 2 O, and at the same time, the solid state in gas
- the liquid particles are charged by the high-energy electrons generated by the pulse discharge, and are collected on the surface of the dust collecting plate by the electric field force.
- the invention realizes the low-temperature pyrolysis of domestic garbage and applies the basic principle of electric tar catcher and the technology of purifying the domestic waste pyrolysis dust by corona plasma, and is a new pyrolysis dust purification technology, thereby achieving the heat of domestic garbage.
- the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a low-temperature pyrolysis system for domestic garbage, which realizes reduction, harmlessness, and resource utilization of domestic garbage treatment.
- the heat storage material stores heat energy, exchanges heat energy with domestic garbage, and promotes low-temperature pyrolysis of domestic waste organic matter.
- the pyrolysis temperature is controlled in the range of 150-280 °C. Under the premise of ensuring the pyrolysis efficiency, the pyrolysis process is in a reducing atmosphere lacking air, so that the amount of gas generated after the reaction is relatively small, and the formation of dioxin is inhibited. .
- a low-temperature pyrolysis system for domestic garbage characterized by comprising an exhaust gas comprehensive treatment device, an automatic control system, and a pyrolysis furnace.
- the domestic waste low temperature pyrolysis system further includes a flue gas passage, wherein the exhaust gas outlet of the pyrolysis furnace and the exhaust gas inlet of the exhaust gas integrated treatment device are connected by a flue gas passage.
- the domestic waste low temperature pyrolysis system has a plurality of pyrolysis furnaces, and respective exhaust gas outlets of the plurality of pyrolysis furnaces and exhaust gas inlets of the exhaust gas integrated treatment device are connected through a multi-pass flue gas passage.
- the domestic waste cryogenic pyrolysis system further includes a solar heat source system.
- the pyrolysis furnace comprises a base, a furnace wall and a furnace roof; wherein a furnace bottom door is arranged at a lower portion of the furnace wall, and an upper opening is arranged on the furnace roof, An upper portion is provided with an exhaust gas outlet, and a temperature transmitting device and a temperature adjusting device are disposed on the furnace wall and the furnace top, and a diversion system and a water collecting system are disposed in the furnace roof, and the furnace wall and the An insulating layer is disposed in the base and the top of the furnace.
- the interior of the furnace body includes a water gas layer (air chamber), an evaporation layer, a pyrolysis layer, a carbonization layer, and an ash layer from top to bottom, wherein the water gas layer is also called a gas chamber, that is, domestic garbage heat.
- the resulting water vapor, fly ash, and tar are mixed to form an aerosol space, which are interchangeably used in the art;
- a heat storage system is further disposed within the furnace body.
- the heat transfer hole has a diameter smaller than a diameter of the heat storage material.
- the temperature regulating device includes a water gas layer (air chamber) temperature regulating valve disposed on the top of the furnace, and an evaporation layer temperature regulating valve, a pyrolysis layer temperature regulating valve, and carbonization disposed on the furnace wall.
- a layer temperature regulating valve is located in the evaporation layer, the pyrolysis layer, and the carbonization layer, respectively.
- the pyrolysis furnace further includes a heat transfer tube insert and a connecting rod disposed in the bottom plate for controlling gas exchange between the hollow heat transfer tubes and the environment.
- the heat storage material is cordierite, dense high alumina, corundum mullite, quartz or a combination thereof.
- a corona pole holder is connected above the conductive support, and a corona pole positioning rod is connected to the lower end of the corona pole holder.
- a high pressure (insulated porcelain) tank is connected to the high pressure generator, which in turn is coupled to an automatic control system.
- the high voltage box body is externally equipped with a high voltage thyristor pulsed DC power source, and a DC high voltage line at one end of the DC power source is connected to the conductive support, and a control line at the other end is connected to the automatic control system.
- the corona pole diameter is from 2.0 to 2.5 cm.
- the lower part of the high pressure box is provided with an anti-dew fan.
- a rubber backing ring is secured to the electrically conductive support.
- the medium in the heat exchange coil absorbs heat in the pyrolysis furnace, and the medium such as water leaves the pyrolysis furnace through the heat exchange water outlet, and enters the exhaust gas comprehensive treatment device through the regulating water tank and the circulation pump to release heat, and then Passing through the return tank in the pyrolysis furnace and back The water pipe returns to the heat exchange coil to complete the heat energy transfer.
- Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 1-1 of Figure 1 of an embodiment of the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention.
- Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3-3 of Figure 1 or 3-3 of Figure 3 of one embodiment of the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention.
- Figure 11 is a front elevational view of another embodiment of the municipal solid waste pyrolysis system of the present invention.
- Fig. 12 is a front view, a right side view, and a plan view showing another embodiment of the exhaust gas integrated processing apparatus of the present invention in Fig. 11;
- Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 1-1 of Figure 11 of another embodiment of the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention.
- 23A-23C are a plan view, a front view, and a left side view, respectively, of the exhaust gas integrated treatment device of the present invention in Figs. 21 and 22.
- FIGS. 2, 7-10, 12 and 17-20 show an embodiment of the exhaust gas integrated treatment device of Fig. 1, wherein Figs. 2 and 12 show a front view, a right side view and a top view of the exhaust gas integrated treatment device, Fig. 7 -10 and 17-20 are cross-sectional views of different cross sections of the exhaust gas integrated treatment device.
- the lower end of the exhaust gas comprehensive treatment device is a gas distribution chamber 45, and the bottom end of the gas distribution chamber 45 is welded with the gas cylinder 51.
- the waste gas after the garbage treatment enters the air distribution chamber 45 through the air outlet cylinder, and the upper end of the air outlet cylinder 51 is connected with the flow guiding liquid umbrella 50, and the liquid guiding liquid umbrella A part of the gas can be condensed and flowed along the flow guiding liquid umbrella.
- the outer wall of the air outlet cylinder 51 and the inner wall of the air distribution chamber 45 form a condensate storage tank 28, and the condensate flows into the condensate storage tank for storage, and the bottom end of the air distribution chamber 45 is connected.
- There is a condensate drain valve 29 for discharging the stored condensate out of the air chamber at the appropriate time.
- the side wall of the air chamber 45 is provided with a manhole 49, which can be accessed by a person for inspection and maintenance of various components in the air chamber 45.
- an exhaust gas treatment chamber that includes a honeycomb precipitation pole 36 and a corona pole 42.
- the honeycomb precipitate electrode 36 is welded to the upper portion of the gas chamber 45.
- the number of honeycomb precipitates is 19, the shape of the honeycomb precipitate is a regular hexagon, and the area of a single regular hexagon is 0.0382 m 2 .
- a discharge plenum 38 is welded to the upper end of the honeycomb precipitation electrode 36, and a gas discharge port 41 is welded to the upper end of the discharge plenum 38, and the treated gas is discharged from the gas discharge port.
- the side wall of the gas discharge port 41 is welded with a sampling port 39 for sampling and detecting the composition of the exhaust gas.
- a gas drainage ring 40 is welded to the upper end of the side wall of the gas discharge port 41 to guide the discharge of the gas.
- the honeycomb precipitation pole 36 and the discharge gas chamber 38 are symmetrically welded to the high pressure (insulated porcelain) tank 31, high pressure (insulated porcelain).
- high pressure (insulated porcelain) tank 31 high pressure (insulated porcelain)
- the bottom of the tank 31 is provided with a high-pressure tank drain valve 30, a high-voltage insulated porcelain bottle 32 is placed in the high-pressure (insulating porcelain) tank 31, and a high-voltage insulating porcelain bottle 32 is connected to the conductive support 33, and the conductive support 33 passes through the high-pressure chamber.
- the power transmission port 34 is placed above the honeycomb precipitation pole 36, and the rubber liquid-repellent ring 35 is fixed to the conductive support 33.
- a corona pole holder 37 is welded on the conductive support 33, a corona pole positioning rod 43 is welded at the lower end of the corona pole holder 37, and a hook hook on the corona pole positioning rod 43 is connected to the corona pole (upper and lower).
- 46 is connected to the corona pole 42, the corona pole loop (lower) 46 is attached to the pendant 47, and the lower side is balanced by the pendant balance frame 47, and the corona pole is located at the center of the honeycomb sedimentation pole.
- a low pressure (insulated porcelain) tank 31 is provided with an anti-damp fan 56 at the lower portion.
- a high-voltage thyristor pulsed DC power supply 51 is disposed outside the high-voltage (insulating porcelain) tank 31 at one end, and the DC high-voltage line 52 at one end of the DC power source 51 is connected to the conductive support 33, and the control line at the other end is connected to the automatic control system IV.
- FIG. 23 and 24 show an embodiment of the exhaust gas integrated treatment device of Figs. 21 and 22, wherein Fig. 23 shows a plan view, a front view and a left side view of the exhaust gas integrated treatment device, and Fig. 24 shows different cross sections of the exhaust gas integrated treatment device. Sectional view.
- the lower end of the exhaust gas comprehensive treatment device is a bracket 1', the air chamber is located above the bracket, the exhaust gas inlet 42' is located at the side wall of the air chamber, and the exhaust gas after the garbage treatment enters the air chamber chamber 2' through the exhaust gas inlet.
- An air distribution plate 6' is provided in the air chamber, and the exhaust gas entering the exhaust gas comprehensive treatment device from the flue gas passage is secondarily distributed so that the amount of exhaust gas entering each honeycomb body (or inside the manifold) is equal.
- the side wall of the air chamber is provided with a maintenance manhole 37', and a person can enter and exit the manhole for inspection and maintenance of various components in the air distribution chamber.
- an exhaust gas treatment chamber that includes a honeycomb precipitation pole 30' and a corona pole 26'.
- the honeycomb precipitate electrode is welded to the upper portion of the gas chamber.
- the number of honeycomb precipitates is 19, the shape of the honeycomb precipitate is a regular hexagon, and the area of a single regular hexagon is 0.0382 m 2 .
- the tar component mainly includes three types of substances: one is an aliphatic compound such as a fatty acid; the other is an aromatic compound such as phenol, cresol, naphthalene, toluene, an alkyl derivative; and the third is a hydrocarbon oxygen-containing organic substance such as phenol. , aldehydes, ketones, esters, anhydrides, furans.
- the electric tar catcher and the corona plasma have the common point of using a highly inhomogeneous high-voltage direct current electric field to form a corona discharge, which generates a plasma containing a large amount of electrons and positive and negative ions under the action of an electric field gradient, and particulate pollutants in the air. Inelastic collision occurs, so that it adheres to these particles, making it become charged particles, which are moved by the electric field and collected by the dust collecting pole, so that the particulate pollutants in the air can be effectively removed.
- the exhaust gas outlet of the pyrolysis furnace is connected to the exhaust gas inlet of the exhaust gas integrated treatment device through a flue gas passage, and the exhaust gas generated by the waste treatment in the pyrolysis furnace enters through the exhaust gas outlet.
- the flue gas passage enters the air distribution chamber through the exhaust gas inlet of the exhaust gas integrated treatment device connected thereto, and then performs exhaust gas treatment in the exhaust gas integrated treatment device to be discharged into the environment harmlessly.
- the above connection method makes the waste liquid generated in the exhaust gas integrated treatment device, such as tar, no longer flow back to the pyrolysis furnace, which is advantageous for the reuse of the recyclable material and does not affect the normal operation of the pyrolysis furnace.
- the pyrolysis furnace and exhaust gas integrated treatment device of the present invention may be of any suitable shape or configuration, and the shape of both should be uniform without the use of a flue gas passage, so that the exhaust gas integrated treatment device can be installed above the pyrolysis furnace. Additionally, the interior of the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention may employ a configuration as shown in Figures 12-16, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that the number of compartments within the pyrolysis furnace may be any number that is suitable.
- the alarm prompts that the heat can be exchanged with the outside through the regulating valve to balance the temperature of the air chamber and ensure the working condition of the exhaust gas treatment system.
- Brake control is realized by PLC.
- Mass spectrometry conditions were as follows, color interface temperature: 300 ° C; ion source temperature: 300 ° C; ionization current: 500 ⁇ A; electron bombardment ion source: 38 eV; acceleration voltage: 10 kV; mass standard material: PFK; mass spectrometry resolution: > 10000.
- the country has not issued relevant domestic waste pyrolysis pollutant discharge standards, so the invention can be evaluated with reference to European and Chinese standards for domestic waste incineration.
- Table 2 Zhongyuan Shilian Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. Q/ZYSL ⁇ 0002-2016 "Standards for Low Temperature Pyrolysis Pollution of Domestic Waste” is far stricter than the existing European standard and national standard for domestic waste incineration, and the actual measurement of the present invention The value is more significantly smaller than the above limit. Therefore, the low-temperature pyrolysis system of the domestic garbage of the invention achieves the purpose of smokeless and odor-free discharge of the domestic garbage, thereby realizing the harmlessness, reduction and resource utilization of the garbage disposal.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (22)
- 一种热解炉,包括底座、炉壁和炉顶;其中在所述炉壁下部设置有炉底门,在所述炉顶上设置有上料口,在所述炉顶上部设置有废气出口,在所述炉壁和所述炉顶上设置有温度变送装置和温度调节装置,在所述炉顶内设置有导流系统和集水系统,并且在所述炉壁、所述底座和所述炉顶内设置有保温层;炉体内部自上而下包括水气层、蒸发层、热解层、碳化层和灰分层;其特征在于在所述炉体内还设置有蓄传热系统。
- 根据权利要求1所述的热解炉,其特征在于所述蓄传热系统包括:蓄热材料层,其敷设在所述保温层与炉内壁、和所述保温层与炉底板之间;蓄热台体,其设置在所述炉底板上;传热管,其设置在所述底座和/或所述蓄热台体中;和传热孔,其设置在所述炉内壁、所述炉底板、所述蓄热台体和所述传热管上,其中在所述蓄热台体和所述传热管内敷设蓄热材料。
- 根据权利要求2所述的热解炉,其特征在于所述传热孔的直径小于所述蓄热材料的直径。
- 根据权利要求2所述的热解炉,其特征在于所述炉壁内的所述蓄热材料层的高度不超过所述热解层,所述炉内壁上的所述传热孔的高度低于所述炉壁内的所述蓄热材料层的高度,并且所述传热管的高度不超过所述碳化层。
- 根据权利要求1所述的热解炉,其特征在于所述导流系统包括设置在所述炉顶中的导流圈和在所述导流圈下端吊装的导流伞。
- 根据权利要求1所述的热解炉,其特征在于所述集水系统包括集水环、所述集水环侧部连接的引水管、与所述引水管连接的储水槽、和与所述储水槽连接的排放阀,其中所述排放阀设置在所述炉壁上。
- 根据权利要求1所述的热解炉,其特征在于所述温度变送装置包括设置在所述炉顶上的水气层温度变送器;和设置在所述炉壁上的蒸发层温度变送器、热解层温度变送器和碳化层温度变送器,其分别位于所述蒸发层、所述热解层和所述碳化层。
- 根据权利要求1所述的热解炉,其特征在于所述温度调节装置包括设置在所述炉顶上的水气层温度调节阀,和设置在所述炉壁上的蒸发层温度调节阀、热解层温度调节阀和碳化层温度调节阀,其分别位于所述蒸发层、所述热解层和所述碳化层。
- 根据权利要求1所述的热解炉,其特征在于还包括超声物位传感器,其设置在所述炉 顶上。
- 根据权利要求1所述的热解炉,其特征在于所述保温层为轻质保温砖,厚度不小于65mm。
- 根据权利要求2所述的热解炉,其特征在于还包括传热管插板和连杆,其设置在所述炉底板中,用于控制中空的传热管与环境进行气体交换。
- 一种生活垃圾低温热解系统,其特征在于包括废气综合处理装置、自动控制系统、和根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的热解炉。
- 根据权利要求12所述的生活垃圾低温热解系统,其特征在于所述废气综合处理装置包括布气室、废气处理室、高压箱体和排放气室;其中所述废气处理室包括蜂窝沉淀极和电晕极;其中所述布气室布置在所述废气综合处理装置底部用于接收待处理的废气;所述废气入口位于所述布气室的底部;所述蜂窝沉淀极布置在所述布气室上方;所述电晕极位于各个蜂窝沉淀极的中心位置;所述排放气室布置在所述蜂窝沉淀极上方;所述高压箱体布置在所述蜂窝沉淀极的侧面。
- 根据权利要求12所述的生活垃圾低温热解系统,其特征在于进一步包括烟气通道,其中所述热解炉的废气出口和所述废气综合处理装置的废气入口通过烟气通道连接。
- 根据权利要求14所述的生活垃圾低温热解系统,其特征在于包括多个热解炉,所述多个热解炉的各自的废气出口和所述废气综合处理装置的废气入口通过多通烟气通道连接。
- 根据权利要求14或15所述的生活垃圾低温热解系统,其特征在于所述废气综合处理装置包括布气室、废气处理室、高压箱体和排放气室;其中所述废气处理室包括蜂窝沉淀极和电晕极;其中所述布气室布置在所述废气综合处理装置底部用于接收待处理的废气;所述废气入口位于所述布气室的侧壁;所述蜂窝沉淀极布置在所述布气室上方;所述电晕极位于各个蜂窝沉淀极的中心位置;所述排放气室布置在所述蜂窝沉淀极上方;所述高压箱体布置在所述蜂窝沉淀极的侧面。
- 根据权利要求16所述的生活垃圾低温热解系统,其特征在于所述废气综合处理装置还包括设置在所述布气室和废气处理室的壁上的加热装置和保温隔热结构。
- 根据权利要求17所述的生活垃圾低温热解系统,其特征在于所述加热装置包括PE-RT热管、蜂窝体加热器、伴热电带和焦油储槽加热器,并且所述保温隔热结构包括陶瓷 隔热板、布气室保温毯、蜂窝体蓄热球、蜂窝体保温毯、蜂窝体保温护板、布气室保温护板和焦油储槽蓄热球。
- 根据权利要求12-18所述的生活垃圾低温热解系统,其特征在于所述热解炉和所述废气综合处理装置之间设置有热能传输装置。
- 根据权利要求19所述的生活垃圾低温热解系统,其特征在于所述热能传输装置包括所述热解炉中的换热盘管、所述换热盘管中的传热介质、在所述热解炉和所述废气综合处理装置之间的调节水箱和循环泵、所述废气综合处理装置中的PE-RT热管、以及所述热解炉中的回水箱和回水管道。
- 根据权利要求12-20中任一项所述的生活垃圾低温热解系统,其特征在于还包括太阳能热源系统。
- 根据权利要求21所述的生活垃圾低温热解系统,其特征在于所述热解炉还包括传热盘管,其围绕所述炉体的轮廓设置在所述炉壁中的所述蓄热材料层内,并且所述传热盘管中填充有导热油。
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CN201720200544.1U CN207334738U (zh) | 2017-03-03 | 2017-03-03 | 生活垃圾低温热解系统 |
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CN109458617A (zh) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-03-12 | 四川世纪新亚环保科技有限公司 | 生活垃圾低温减量无害资源化处理装置 |
CN112664940A (zh) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-16 | 华中科技大学 | 一种气-温-热联动控制的梯度变温式垃圾处理方法 |
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