WO2017173940A1 - 一种糖料甘蔗绿色可持续高产种植方法 - Google Patents

一种糖料甘蔗绿色可持续高产种植方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017173940A1
WO2017173940A1 PCT/CN2017/078282 CN2017078282W WO2017173940A1 WO 2017173940 A1 WO2017173940 A1 WO 2017173940A1 CN 2017078282 W CN2017078282 W CN 2017078282W WO 2017173940 A1 WO2017173940 A1 WO 2017173940A1
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Prior art keywords
sugarcane
soil
fertilizer
ditch
planting
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PCT/CN2017/078282
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邓军
张跃彬
代光伟
白升伟
黄丕忠
樊仙
陈国伟
刀静梅
李如丹
武晋宇
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云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所
临沧南华糖业有限公司
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Publication of WO2017173940A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017173940A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/55—Sugar cane
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D91/00—Methods for harvesting agricultural products
    • A01D91/04—Products growing above the soil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
    • A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
    • A01G13/0275—Films
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a green sustainable high-yield planting method for sugar cane.
  • Sugar cane is an important sugar crop in China and a major source of sugar.
  • the green development of sugar cane and sustainable high-yield planting are important guarantees for national sugar safety.
  • Internationally, sugarcane high-yield and high-sugar planting technology is mainly used in two aspects. First, the production technology of sugarcane modern equipment, such as agricultural mechanization technology and irrigation technology; second, the high-yield, high-sugar and high-efficiency planting technology of sugar cane, such as No-till live broadcast technology, formula fertilization, etc.
  • sugarcane drip irrigation technology has not formed scale and large-scale application in dryland sugarcane areas in China.
  • sugarcane drip irrigation equipment is expensive, sugarcane economic benefits are low, and sugarcane drip irrigation technology is still in the research and demonstration stage.
  • China's sugarcane water-saving and drought-resistant cultivation techniques have been widely applied in the main producing areas, such as sugarcane deep sloping soil cultivation techniques, trough cultivation techniques, plastic film mulching cultivation techniques, autumn planting techniques, early winter planting.
  • Water-saving and drought-resistant cultivation techniques such as cultivation techniques. Yunnan is located in the low-latitude plateau sugarcane area, with sufficient sunshine and uneven distribution of rainfall. The drought in winter and spring is very prominent.
  • the sugarcane industry must change the industrial development mode, change the traditional application of sugar fertilizer, apply a large amount of chemical fertilizer, use non-degradable mulch or non-recovery mulch, and traditional sugarcane harvesting methods to improve the structure of sugarcane soil. Improve fertility, increase sugarcane yield and improve quality; at the same time, reduce the cost of sugar cane and increase industrial efficiency.
  • the invention aims at the problems of water shortage, large fertilizer application, high soil pollution, high planting cost and high sugarcane pile left after harvesting in the prior art of sugarcane planting, and realizes planting technology reform and industrial transformation and upgrading for sugarcane sugarcane.
  • the method of the invention combines the needs of the green development of the industry, and changes the traditional large-scale application of chemical fertilizer and the method of covering the ordinary white mulch when the sugar cane is planted, and the sugarcane special slow-release fertilizer and the biological organic fertilizer are reasonably matched, and the fertilizer is reduced.
  • the present invention achieves its objectives by the following technical solutions:
  • a green sustainable high-yield planting method for sugar cane comprising the following steps:
  • Step (1) select healthy sugarcane varieties: use healthy, pest-free sugarcane varieties as seedlings, and plant them in winter or spring;
  • Step (2) trenching in the soil preparation: Before the sugarcane planting, the sugarcane field is deep-plowed and deep-rooted, and the sugarcane ditch is excavated along the contour line.
  • the soil is required to be finely divided, the ditch depth is 30-40 cm, and the bottom of the ditch is Width 20 ⁇ 25cm, line spacing 90 ⁇ 110cm;
  • Step (3) scientific fertilization: applying organic fertilizer 100-120kg/mu in sugarcane ditch, sugar cane Special slow release fertilizer 50 ⁇ 70kg/mu; the organic matter content of the bio-organic fertilizer (on a dry basis) ⁇ 40%, effective viable count ⁇ 0.2 billion/g, moisture ⁇ 30%, pH 5.5-8.0;
  • Step (4) the next kind of covering soil: timely fertilization, the seed amount under the mu is 8000-10000 buds, and then the soil is covered with 7-9 cm;
  • Step (5) cover film covering soil: adopting complete biodegradation, the grass film is covered in the vertical direction of the sugarcane groove, and the sugarcane is covered completely, and at the same time, the plastic film is covered with a ditch covering the soil and a ditch, and the plastic film is directly above the sugarcane groove. Covering the soil along the direction of the sugarcane, the thickness of the covering soil is 3 ⁇ 4cm, and ensuring that the mulch is close to the soil of the sugarcane;
  • Step (6) sugarcane harvest: the new planting sugar cane is matured, and is cut into the soil, and the depth of the soil is 6-8 cm;
  • Step (7) perennial management: directly apply the fertilizer needed for sugarcane and perennial roots to the sugarcane pit left after slashing, and then small soil and cover the whole membrane; fertilization type and fertilization amount are both steps (3) The same; small soil requires complete coverage of the fertilizer; the full membrane method is the same as the method of step (5).
  • the sugarcane varieties described in the step (1) are Xintai Sugar No. 22, Xintai Sugar No. 25, Yuncane 0551, Funong No. 41, Yuetang 93-159, Guitang No. 32, Liucheng 05- 136 or Decane 03-83.
  • the poisonous Xin 5 kg/mu is uniformly mixed with the fertilizer, and the sugarcane ditch is applied once; if the sugarcane field has aphids And / or mites, the use of sharp 50ml / acre or Fogo 40g / acre with fertilizer, one-time application of sugarcane ditch.
  • the bio-organic fertilizer described in the step (3) is composed of sugar mill sludge, chimney ash, bagasse, cow dung and strains, and is purchased from Ma Nanhua Huayong Bio-organic Fertilizer Co., Ltd.
  • the N:P:K of the sugarcane-specific slow release fertilizer described in the step (3) is 23:13:18.
  • the specific manner of timely seeding as described in the step (4) is: the freshly excavated sugar cane ditch is wet, the cane groove with a row spacing of 90-100 cm, and the seed amount under the mu is 10000 bud; ⁇ 110cm cane groove, the amount of seed under the acres is 9000 buds.
  • the soil moisture content in the sugarcane groove is 20% to 30%, and timely
  • the cover film of step (5) is covered with soil.
  • the fully biodegradable grassland film thickness described in the step (5) is 0.012 ⁇ 0.002 mm and the width is 2.0 to 2.4 m.
  • the degradation time of the fully biodegradable grassland membrane described in the step (5) is from 3 to 6 months.
  • the mulch film described in the step (5) is required to cover the sugarcane groove in the vertical direction of the sugarcane groove, and at the same time, the fine soil on the sugarcane ridge at the joint of the mulch film is covered and compacted along the sugarcane groove, and the thickness of the soil cover is 3 to 4 cm.
  • the film lap width is 5 to 10 cm
  • the mulch joint on the cane ridge is also compacted with soil, and the thickness of the soil is not specifically required.
  • the invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the invention adopts the combination of the biological organic fertilizer and the special slow-release fertilizer of sugar cane, can effectively reduce the application amount of the chemical fertilizer and the soil of the fermented sugarcane, and plays an important role in promoting the ecological environment protection of the sugarcane area.
  • the invention can effectively reduce the sugarcane special slow release fertilizer dosage 10 ⁇ 70 kg/mu and ordinary three.
  • the amount of compound fertilizer is 50-110 kg, which is the purpose of reducing fertilizer application.
  • the bio-organic fertilizer of the invention is mainly used for extremely livestock manure, sugar mill sludge, chimney ash, bagasse and sugarcane leaves.
  • By-products have promoted the extension and recycling of the industrial chain, realizing the transformation of waste into treasure and green development, ecological and environmental protection.
  • the sugar cane can achieve the purpose of heat preservation and moisturization by covering the mulch film, and promote the increase of sugarcane yield.
  • the “white mulch pollution” of the sugarcane area is obvious year by year, and many covers.
  • the mulch of the sugarcane field was not uncovered and could not be degraded automatically due to cultivating, and it remained in the sugarcane field year by year, which affected the cultivation of the sugarcane field and the soil structure, which had an impact on the sustainable development of the industry.
  • the invention adopts the method of completely biodegrading and removing the grass film and the scientific film coating, and can effectively avoid the “white film pollution” of the sugarcane field and the process of removing the film from the middle management.
  • the invention not only can save the uncovering cost in the sugarcane production process, but also saves at least 1 to 2 workers/mu; , can save labor costs 80 ⁇ 240 yuan / mu.
  • the invention pays attention to the green sustainable development of the plant while paying attention to the green development of the planting technology.
  • the invention can significantly improve the yield and sucrose content of sugar cane sugar, and the field test results show that the invention can increase the agricultural yield of sugar cane sugar by 1.64-2.81 t/mu and sucrose content 0.3-0.7%.
  • the profit of sugarcane cane can be increased by 688.80 yuan/mu; in addition, the market price of grassland film for sugarcane is 17 Yuan/kg, complete biodegradation except grassland membrane market price of 35 yuan / kg and mu membrane volume of 10kg calculation, deducting the application of complete biodegradation of the grassland membrane to bring the cost of production materials increased by 180 yuan / mu, to achieve the net income of sugarcane farmers 508.80 yuan / mu; at the same time, it also brought greater ecological benefits to the sugarcane area and promoted the green development of the industry.
  • sugar enterprises to apply the invention can increase the enterprise efficiency of 1133.6 yuan per mu, coupled with the benefits of other by-products and the expanding application of invention technology, enterprises will achieve greater benefits.
  • the invention adopts the technique of deep-cutting into the soil, which not only increases the raw material yield of the sugarcane sugarcane, but also increases the yield of the sugarcane of the perennial sugarcane, and also leaves in the sugarcane cane.
  • the fertilizer required for the perennial sugarcane can be directly applied to the small pit at the sugarcane cane to be left after the deep cut, and then the small soil and the whole membrane are covered, which greatly simplifies the perisaccharide.
  • the sugarcane management process reduces the cost of management labor and reduces the production cost of sugarcane farmers.
  • the slashing into the soil greatly promoted the germination of the sugarcane status of the perennial sugarcane, and increased the rate of hair growth by 8.4-16.1%, which laid a good foundation for the sustained high yield of sugarcane.
  • the bio-organic fertilizer used in the embodiments of the present invention is purchased from the ⁇ Ma Nan Hua Yong-Yong bio-organic fertilizer. Limited company.
  • Sugarcane special slow release fertilizer was purchased from Tianmeng Agricultural Resources Chain Co., Ltd.
  • the fully biodegradable grass film was purchased from Guangzhou Shiweite Economic and Technological Development Company.
  • the organic matter content of the bio-organic fertilizer used in the embodiment of the invention is ⁇ 40% on a dry basis, the effective viable cell count is ⁇ 0.2 billion/g, the water content is ⁇ 30%, the pH is 5.5-8.0, and the sugar cane special slow release fertilizer N :P:K is 23:13:18; the complete biodegradation except for the grass film thickness is 0.012 ⁇ 0.002 m, the width is 2.0-2.4 m, and the degradation time is 3-6 months.
  • the invention relates to a sugar cane green sustainable high-yield planting method, which comprises the following steps:
  • Covering membrane covering soil Fully covering the grassland membrane with complete biodegradation of sugarcane, the film is required to cover the sugarcane groove along the vertical undulation direction (horizontal) of the sugarcane groove, and the fine soil on the sugarcane ridge of the mulch joint is compacted along the sugarcane groove. Covering soil thickness 4cm. When the mulch and the mulch are lapped, the width of the lap is required to be 8 cm, and the joint of the mulch on the cane ridge is also compacted with soil.
  • Perennial management directly apply the fertilizer needed for perennial sugarcane to the sugarcane ditch left after slashing, and then small soil and cover the whole membrane; the application amount and film mulching method and dosage are the same as the new planting sugarcane; The soil requires complete coverage of the fertilizer.
  • the invention relates to a sugar cane green sustainable high-yield planting method, which comprises the following steps:
  • Perennial management directly apply the fertilizer needed for perennial sugarcane to the sugarcane ditch left after slashing, and then small soil and cover the whole membrane; the application amount and film mulching method and dosage are the same as the new planting sugarcane; The soil requires complete coverage of the fertilizer.
  • the invention relates to a sugar cane green sustainable high-yield planting method, which comprises the following steps:
  • Cover film covering soil Fully covered with sugarcane, completely covered with grass film for full coverage, mulch It is required to cover the sugarcane groove along the vertical undulation direction (lateral direction) of the sugarcane groove, and the fine soil on the sugarcane ridge of the mulch joint is compacted along the sugarcane groove, and the thickness of the soil is 3 cm.
  • the width of the lap is required to be 10 cm, and the joint of the mulch on the cane ridge is also compacted with soil.
  • Perennial management directly apply the fertilizer needed for perennial sugarcane to the sugarcane ditch left after slashing, and then small soil and cover the whole membrane; the application amount and film mulching method and dosage are the same as the new planting sugarcane; The soil requires complete coverage of the fertilizer.
  • the invention relates to a sugar cane green sustainable high-yield planting method, which comprises the following steps:
  • Covering membrane covering soil Fully covering the grassland membrane with complete biodegradation of sugarcane, the film is required to cover the sugarcane groove along the vertical undulation direction (horizontal) of the sugarcane groove, and the fine soil on the sugarcane ridge of the mulch joint is compacted along the sugarcane groove. Covering soil thickness 3cm. When the mulch and the mulch are lapped, the width of the lap is required to be 6 cm, and the joint of the mulch on the cane ridge is also compacted with soil.
  • Perennial management directly apply the fertilizer needed for perennial sugarcane to the sugarcane ditch left after slashing, and then small soil and cover the whole membrane; the application amount and film mulching method and dosage are the same as the new planting sugarcane; The soil requires complete coverage of the fertilizer.
  • the invention relates to a sugar cane green sustainable high-yield planting method, which comprises the following steps:
  • Covering membrane covering soil Fully covering the grassland membrane with complete biodegradation of sugarcane, the film is required to cover the sugarcane groove along the vertical undulation direction (horizontal) of the sugarcane groove, and the fine soil on the sugarcane ridge of the mulch joint is compacted along the sugarcane groove. Covering soil thickness 3cm. When the mulch and the mulch are lapped, the width of the lap is required to be 8 cm, and the joint of the mulch on the cane ridge is also compacted with soil.
  • Perennial management directly apply the fertilizer needed for perennial sugarcane to the sugarcane ditch left after slashing, and then small soil and cover the whole membrane; the application amount and film mulching method and dosage are the same as the new planting sugarcane; The soil requires complete coverage of the fertilizer.
  • the invention relates to a sugar cane green sustainable high-yield planting method, which comprises the following steps:
  • Cover film covering soil Fully covered with sugarcane, completely covered with grass film for full coverage, mulch It is required to cover the sugarcane groove along the vertical undulation direction (lateral direction) of the sugarcane groove, and the fine soil on the sugarcane ridge of the mulch joint is compacted along the sugarcane groove, and the thickness of the soil is 4 cm.
  • the width of the lap is required to be 8 cm, and the joint of the mulch on the cane ridge is also compacted with soil.
  • Perennial management directly apply the fertilizer needed for perennial sugarcane to the sugarcane ditch left after slashing, and then small soil and cover the whole membrane; the application amount and film mulching method and dosage are the same as the new planting sugarcane; The soil requires complete coverage of the fertilizer.
  • the invention relates to a sugar cane green sustainable high-yield planting method, which comprises the following steps:
  • Covering membrane covering soil Fully covering the grassland membrane with complete biodegradation of sugarcane, the film is required to cover the sugarcane groove along the vertical undulation direction (horizontal) of the sugarcane groove, and the fine soil on the sugarcane ridge of the mulch joint is compacted along the sugarcane groove.
  • the thickness of the covering soil is 3.5 cm.
  • the width of the lap is required to be 5 cm, and the joint of the mulch on the cane ridge is also compacted with soil.
  • Perennial management directly apply the fertilizer needed for perennial sugarcane to the sugarcane ditch left after slashing, and then small soil and cover the whole membrane; the application amount and film mulching method and dosage are the same as the new planting sugarcane; The soil requires complete coverage of the fertilizer.
  • the invention relates to a sugar cane green sustainable high-yield planting method, which comprises the following steps:
  • Covering membrane covering soil Fully covering the grassland membrane with complete biodegradation of sugarcane, the film is required to cover the sugarcane groove along the vertical undulation direction (horizontal) of the sugarcane groove, and the fine soil on the sugarcane ridge of the mulch joint is compacted along the sugarcane groove. Covering soil thickness 3cm. When the mulch and the mulch are lapped, the width of the lap is required to be 10 cm, and the joint of the mulch on the cane ridge is also compacted with soil.
  • Perennial management directly apply the fertilizer needed for perennial sugarcane to the sugarcane ditch left after slashing, and then small soil and cover the whole membrane; the application amount and film mulching method and dosage are the same as the new planting sugarcane; The soil requires complete coverage of the fertilizer.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

一种糖料甘蔗绿色可持续高产种植方法，包括选用健康甘蔗良种、开挖蔗沟、科学施肥、下种覆土、盖膜覆土、甘蔗收获和宿根管理七大步骤，从糖料甘蔗种植和收获2个关键时期强化科学种植和收获，在甘蔗种植时期，从减少化肥用量，施用甘蔗专用缓释肥和增施生物有机肥，结合完全生物降解地膜全覆盖来促进甘蔗生长；在甘蔗收获时期，改革传统砍收方法，采用入土深砍，然后直接将宿根甘蔗所需的肥料施入蔗沟进行小培土和盖全膜，即可完成宿根甘蔗管理。该方法实现了糖料甘蔗的绿色生产，提高了产量和蔗糖分，减少化肥施入量，提高了土壤肥力和利用率，改善了蔗地生态环境，促进了甘蔗生长和蔗农增收，易于推广应用。

Description

一种糖料甘蔗绿色可持续高产种植方法 技术领域
本发明属于植物种植技术领域，具体涉及一种糖料甘蔗绿色可持续高产种植方法。
背景技术
甘蔗是我国重要的糖料作物，是食糖的主要来源，糖料甘蔗的绿色发展和可持续高产种植是国家食糖安全的重要保障。在国际上，甘蔗高产高糖种植技术主要在两个方面进行研究应用，一是甘蔗现代装备的生产技术，如农业机械化技术、灌溉技术；二是甘蔗的高产高糖高效的种植新技术，如免耕直播技术、配方施肥等。目前，美国、澳大利亚、巴西等发达国家广泛运用了甘蔗机械化技术，在甘蔗耕作、种植、管理和收获过程中实现了全程机械化，大大提高劳动生产效益，降低了甘蔗生产成本。澳大利亚进行甘蔗高产高糖可持续综合技术研究开发，广泛应用了蔗叶还田技术和N、P、K平衡配方施肥等为主的综合技术。虽然我国甘蔗种植技术与美国、澳大利亚等发达国家还有很大差距。但近20年来，我国在旱地甘蔗节本高效栽培研究方面取得了较大进展，获得一大批科研成果，如旱地甘蔗高产高糖栽培技术、甘蔗良种良法配套栽培技术、甘蔗“吨糖田”生产技术、甘蔗健康种苗生产技术等高产高糖栽培技术。“十二五”以来，蔗区加快了甘蔗除草地膜、专用配方复合肥、高效低毒农药等新型轻简生产物资的使用，对甘蔗生产起到一定的促进作用，提高了甘蔗单产。
随着世界水资源的日益紧缺，世界各国都在不断探索节水灌溉的方法。国外一些先进国家，如美国、以色列和加拿大等运用计算机控制、模糊控制和神经网络控制等方法进行智能化灌溉，精度控制和智能化程度越来越高，可靠性越来越好，操作也越来越简便。滴灌技术在水资源贫乏的以色列兴起，现在滴灌技术在美国、墨西哥、澳大利亚、日本等国家应用得十分广泛。目前，甘蔗滴灌技术已在国内外广泛应用。甘蔗地下灌溉技术是较为生态环保、节约水资源和开发前景较好的灌溉技术。我国1974年首次从墨西哥引进滴灌设备。2003年，在广西金光农场首 先建立了6.7hm2的甘蔗滴灌示范区。2004年，湛江农垦引进以色列地埋式滴灌技术，推广面积达到1100hm2，采用滴灌的蔗田单产达120t/hm2，远远高于世界平均水平70.5t/hm2。近年来广西把发展甘蔗节水灌溉作为广西农业的重点，推行百万亩高效节水工程。“十二五”期间，广西将发展甘蔗高效节水灌溉面积20万hm2。2014年，云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所开始开展甘蔗水肥一体化技术研究，示范展示2.3hm2。
十多年来，甘蔗滴灌技术在我国旱地蔗区没有形成规模和大面积推广应用，主要是原因是甘蔗滴灌设备昂贵，甘蔗经济效益低，甘蔗滴灌技术尚处于研究示范阶段。而相反的是，我国甘蔗节水抗旱栽培技术在主产区得到了广泛的推广应用，如甘蔗深沟板土栽培技术、槽植栽培技术、地膜覆盖栽培技术、秋植栽培技术、早冬植栽培技术等节水抗旱栽培技术。云南地处低纬高原蔗区，光照充足，降雨量分布不均，冬春干旱十分突出。因此，在我国旱地蔗区，特别是云南山地蔗区，需要结合旱地蔗区水源缺乏、水利设施建设严重滞后的实际，充分利用蔗区土壤中的水分和自然降雨，集成创新现有的甘蔗节水抗旱栽培技术和甘蔗地膜等产业新材料，研究甘蔗节水抗旱绿色种植技术是现代甘蔗产业发展的主要方向。
甘蔗栽培历史悠久，施肥技术随着栽培时间的延长而不断提高。近代，随着植物营养理论的建立，化肥工业的诞生以及化肥大面积的施用，以及环保意识的增强，配方施肥技术特别是缓释肥技术逐渐被农民接受并利用。世界缓释肥料的生产已有40多年的历史。近10年来，由于高施肥率国家日益重视施肥过多对环境的不良影响，且发达国家劳动力昂贵，为了节省人力，减少环境污染，缓释肥料逐渐发展起来，其发展速度已经远大于常规化肥。截至目前，澳大利亚、加拿大、中国等国家的一些研究所、大学、工业部门对缓释肥已经开展了大量的研究，而丹麦、捷克、埃及等国家均对它进行过调查，足见缓释肥料已引起世界各国的重视。20世纪70年代末，我国已开始最初接触和研究缓控释肥技术，曾研制过钙镁磷肥包裹碳酸氢铵和长效碳铵，将碳铵造粒并外被钙镁磷肥包裹，虽然只有个别单位进行中试生产。80年代后期，郑州大学工学院许秀成教授领导的课题小组开发了枸溶磷包裹复合肥料的无机包裹肥料。 该技术以原三门峡市复合肥厂为依托进行工业化中试，1987年中试成功。随后又在山东、四川、河南、云南等地及美国建立近10处包裹肥生产企业。2011年以来，云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所与个旧绿保复合肥有限公司合作，开展了甘蔗专用控缓释肥研究，取得了相应的技术成果。随着农村劳动力的转移、种植成本的上涨和国家对化肥施用量零增长的要求，甘蔗专用配方缓释肥产品的市场前景十分广阔，缓释肥配套高效施肥技术的研发将十分热门。
因此，甘蔗产业要实现产业转型升级，就必须转变产业发展方式，改变传统种植甘蔗时施用大量的化肥、使用不降解地膜或不回收地膜、以及甘蔗传统砍收方法，改善蔗地土壤的结构，提高肥力，增加糖料甘蔗产量和改善品质；同时，降低糖料甘蔗用工成本和增加产业效益。
发明内容
本发明针对上述糖料甘蔗种植现有技术中存在的缺水、施肥量大、土壤污染、种植成本高和砍收后留的蔗桩高等问题，为糖料甘蔗实现种植技术改革和产业转型升级，提供一种糖料甘蔗绿色可持续高产种植方法。本发明方法是结合产业绿色发展的需求，在糖料甘蔗种植时，改变传统的大量施化肥和覆盖普通白色地膜的方法，将甘蔗专用缓释肥和生物有机肥合理搭配，实施减量施化肥和增施有机肥，并采用完全生物降解除草地膜进行全覆盖，减少白色污染；在糖料甘蔗收获时，进行糖料甘蔗砍收技术的改革，实施入土深砍，增加糖料甘蔗产量和提高蔗糖分，以增加蔗农收益和提高企业效益。
为解决上述现有技术存在的问题，本发明通过以下技术方案实现其目标：
一种糖料甘蔗绿色可持续高产种植方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤(1)，选用健康甘蔗良种：选用健康的、无病虫害的甘蔗良种作为种苗后，在冬季或春季进行种植；
步骤(2)，整地开沟：在糖料甘蔗种植前，进行蔗地深耕深松和细耙，并沿等高线开挖植蔗沟，要求土块细碎，沟深30～40cm，沟底宽20～25cm，行距90～110cm；
步骤(3)，科学施肥：在蔗沟施生物有机肥100～120kg/亩，甘蔗 专用缓释肥50～70kg/亩；所述的生物有机肥的有机质含量(以干基计)≥40％，有效活菌数≥0.2亿/g，水分≤30％，pH为5.5～8.0；
步骤(4)，下种覆土：施肥后及时下种，亩下种量为8000-10000芽，之后在种苗上覆土7～9cm；
步骤(5)，盖膜覆土：采用完全生物降解除草地膜沿蔗沟垂直方向进行覆盖，至将蔗地全覆盖，同时，采用地膜覆盖一沟覆土一沟的方式，在蔗沟正上方的地膜上沿蔗沟方向覆土，覆土厚度为3～4cm，并保证地膜紧贴蔗沟土壤；
步骤(6)，甘蔗收获：新植糖料甘蔗成熟后，采用入土深砍，入土深度6～8cm；
步骤(7)，宿根管理：直接将甘蔗宿根所需的肥料一次性施入深砍后留下的蔗沟小坑中，再小培土和盖全膜；施肥种类和施肥量皆与步骤(3)相同；小培土要求将肥料完全覆盖即可；盖全膜方法与步骤(5)的方法相同。
进一步，优选的是，步骤(1)中所述的甘蔗良种为新台糖22号、新台糖25号、云蔗0551、福农41号、粤糖93-159、桂糖32号、柳城05-136或德蔗03-83。
进一步，优选的是，步骤(3)中所述的科学施肥的同时，如果蔗地有地下害虫，则采用毒辛5kg/亩与肥料拌均匀，一次性施于蔗沟；如果蔗地有蚜虫和/或螟虫，则采用度锐50ml/亩或福戈40g/亩与肥料拌均，一次性施于蔗沟。
进一步，优选的是，步骤(3)中所述的生物有机肥是由糖厂滤泥、烟囱灰、蔗渣、牛粪和菌种构成，购自于耿马南华勐永生物有机肥有限公司。
进一步，优选的是，步骤(3)中所述的甘蔗专用缓释肥的N:P:K为23:13:18。
进一步，优选的是，步骤(4)中所述的及时下种的具体方式为：趁新开挖的蔗沟潮湿，对行距90～100cm的蔗沟，亩下种量为10000芽；对100～110cm的蔗沟，亩下种量为9000芽。
进一步，优选的是，在蔗沟土壤含水量在20％～30％时，及时进行 步骤(5)的盖膜覆土。
进一步，优选的是，步骤(5)中所述的完全生物降解除草地膜厚度为0.012±0.002mm，宽度为2.0～2.4m。
进一步，优选的是，步骤(5)中所述的完全生物降解除草地膜的降解时间为3-6个月。
进一步，优选的是，步骤(5)中所述的地膜要求沿蔗沟垂直方向覆盖蔗沟，同时利用地膜连接处蔗垄上的细土沿蔗沟进行覆土并压实，覆土厚度3～4cm；地膜与地膜搭口时，膜搭口宽5～10cm，蔗垄上的地膜连接处也需用土压实，土的厚度没有具体要求。
本发明与现有技术相比，其有益效果为：
(1)培肥蔗地土壤，减少化肥用量；
本发明采用生物有机肥与甘蔗专用缓释肥配合施用，能有效地减少化肥施用量和培肥蔗地土壤，为蔗区生态环境保护有重要的促进作用。与现有的甘蔗专用缓释肥80～120公斤/亩和普通三元复合肥120～160公斤/亩相比，本发明可有效减少甘蔗专用缓释肥用量10～70公斤/亩和普通三元复合肥用量50～110公斤，达到化肥减量施用的目的；同时，本发明施用生物有机肥，有机肥的原料主要来自精致的畜禽粪便、糖厂滤泥、烟囱灰、蔗渣和蔗叶等副产物，促进了产业链的延伸和循环利用，实现了变废为宝和绿色发展，生态又环保。
(2)避免“白色污染”，节约用工成本；
目前，糖料甘蔗通过覆盖地膜，实现保温、保湿的目的，促进了糖料甘蔗产量的提高，但随着近年来糖料甘蔗地膜的推广应用，蔗区“白色地膜污染”逐年明显，很多覆盖在蔗地的地膜因中耕管理时没有进行揭膜和无法自动降解，逐年残留在蔗地中，影响了蔗地的耕作和土壤结构，给产业可持续发展带来了影响。本发明采用完全生物降解除草地膜和科学覆膜方法，可有效地避免蔗地“白色地膜污染”和免去中耕管理揭膜工序。本发明在实现保护蔗地土壤结构的同时，还减少糖料甘蔗生产过程中的揭膜成本，至少可节约1～2个工/亩；按目前的用工成本80～120元/工/天计算，可节约用工成本80～240元/亩。
(3)提高糖料甘蔗产量和蔗糖分，实现蔗农增收和企业增效；
本发明在注重种植技术绿色发展的同时，还兼顾了产业可持续高产的目的。本发明可显著提高糖料甘蔗的产量和蔗糖分，田间试验结果表明，本发明可提高糖料甘蔗的农业单产1.64～2.81t/亩、蔗糖分0.3～0.7％。在蔗农增收方面，按至少提高糖料甘蔗1.64t/亩、糖料甘蔗原料收购价420元/t计算，可实现蔗农种蔗收益增加688.80元/亩；另外，按甘蔗专用除草地膜市场价17元/kg、完全生物降解除草地膜市场价35元/kg和亩用膜量10kg计算，扣去应用完全生物降解除草地膜的带来的生产物资成本增加180元/亩，实现蔗农种蔗净收益508.80元/亩；同时，也给蔗区带来了更大的生态效益，促进了产业绿色发展。在企业增效方面，按至少提高蔗糖分0.3％、出糖率0.2％、糖价5200元/t和亩产6.50t糖料甘蔗、平均出糖率12.7％计算，实现产糖量增加0.218t/亩，制糖企业应用本发明每亩可增加企业效益1133.6元，加上其他副产物的效益和发明技术的不断扩大应用，企业将实现更大的效益。
(4)简化宿根管理程序，降低宿根甘蔗生产成本；
在新植糖料甘蔗收获时，本发明采用入土深砍技术，不仅增加了糖料甘蔗的原料产量和提高了宿根糖料甘蔗的发株率，而且还在蔗沟蔗蔸处中留下了一个6～8cm深的小坑，为宿根糖料甘蔗施肥提高了一个很好施肥坑，免去了宿根甘蔗破垄松蔸的重要用工程序，节约破垄松蔸管理用工成本100元/亩。在进行宿根甘蔗管理时，直接将宿根甘蔗所需的肥料一次性施入深砍后留下的蔗沟蔗蔸处的小坑中，再小培土和盖全膜，极大了简化了宿根糖料甘蔗管理的程序，减少了管理用工成本，降低了蔗农生产成本。另外，入土深砍极大地促进了宿根糖料甘蔗地位芽萌发，提高发株率8.4-16.1％，为宿根糖料甘蔗持续高产奠定了良好的基础。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的详细描述。
本领域技术人员将会理解，下列实施例仅用于说明本发明，而不应视为限定本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件者，按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过购买获得的常规产品。
本发明实施例所用的生物有机肥购自于耿马南华勐永生物有机肥有 限公司。
甘蔗专用缓释肥购自于天盟农资连锁有限责任公司。
完全生物降解除草地膜购自于广州市施威特经济技术开发公司。
本发明实施例所用的生物有机肥的有机质含量(以干基计)≥40％，有效活菌数≥0.2亿/g，水分≤30％，pH为5.5～8.0；甘蔗专用缓释肥的N:P:K为23:13:18；完全生物降解除草地膜厚度为0.012±0.002m m，宽度为2.0～2.4m，降解时间为3～6个月。
实施例1
一种糖料甘蔗绿色可持续高产种植方法，具体包括以下步骤：
(1)选用健康甘蔗良种：新台糖22号甘蔗种苗，选择在冬季进行种植。
(2)整地开沟：进行蔗地深耕深松和细耙，要求土块细碎，并沿等高线开挖植蔗沟，沟深35cm，沟底宽20cm，行距100cm。
(3)科学施肥：在蔗沟施用生物有机肥120kg/亩，甘蔗专用缓释肥50kg/亩；有蚜虫、螟虫的蔗地采用缓释低毒高效农药福戈40g/亩与肥料拌均，一次性施于蔗沟。
(4)下种覆土：趁新开挖的蔗沟潮湿，及时下种，亩下种量9000芽。下种后，在种苗上及时覆土7cm。
(5)盖膜覆土：采用甘蔗完全生物降解除草地膜进行全覆盖，地膜要求沿蔗沟垂直起伏方向(横向)覆盖蔗沟，利用地膜连接处蔗垄上的细土沿蔗沟进行压实，覆土厚度4cm。地膜与地膜搭口时，要求搭口宽8cm，蔗垄上的地膜连接处也用土压实。
(6)甘蔗收获：新植糖料甘蔗成熟后，采用入土深砍，入土深度6cm。
(7)宿根管理：直接将宿根甘蔗所需的肥料一次性施在深砍后留下的蔗沟中，再小培土和盖全膜；施肥量和地膜覆盖方法、用量同新植蔗；小培土要求将肥料完全覆盖即可。
实施例2
一种糖料甘蔗绿色可持续高产种植方法，具体包括以下步骤：
(1)选用健康甘蔗良种：新台糖25号甘蔗种苗，选择在春季进行 种植。
(2)整地开沟：进行蔗地深耕深松和细耙，要求土块细碎，并沿等高线开挖植蔗沟，沟深40cm，沟底宽25cm，行距110cm。
(3)科学施肥：在蔗沟施用生物有机肥120kg/亩，甘蔗专用缓释肥50kg/亩；有地下害虫的蔗地，采用缓释低毒高效农药毒辛5kg/亩与肥料拌均匀，一次性施于蔗沟；有蚜虫、螟虫的蔗地采用缓释低毒高效农药度锐50ml/亩与肥料拌均，一次性施于蔗沟。
(4)下种覆土：及时下种，亩下种量8000芽；下种后，在种苗上及时覆土9cm。
(5)盖膜覆土：在蔗沟灌水后，采用甘蔗完全生物降解除草地膜进行全覆盖，地膜要求沿蔗沟垂直起伏方向(横向)覆盖蔗沟，利用地膜连接处蔗垄上的细土沿蔗沟进行压实，覆土厚度3cm。地膜与地膜搭口时，要求搭口宽6cm，蔗垄上的地膜连接处也用土压实。
(6)甘蔗收获：新植糖料甘蔗成熟后，采用入土深砍，入土深度8cm。
(7)宿根管理：直接将宿根甘蔗所需的肥料一次性施在深砍后留下的蔗沟中，再小培土和盖全膜；施肥量和地膜覆盖方法、用量同新植蔗；小培土要求将肥料完全覆盖即可。
实施例3
一种糖料甘蔗绿色可持续高产种植方法，具体包括以下步骤：
(1)选用健康甘蔗良种：云蔗0551甘蔗种苗，选择春季进行种植。
(2)整地开沟：进行蔗地深耕深松和细耙，要求土块细碎，并沿等高线开挖植蔗沟，沟深30cm，沟底宽20cm，行距90cm。
(3)科学施肥：在蔗沟施用生物有机肥100kg/亩，甘蔗专用缓释肥70kg/亩；蔗地有地下害虫，采用缓释低毒高效农药毒辛5kg/亩与肥料拌均匀，一次性施于蔗沟；且蔗地有螟虫，采用缓释低毒高效农药福戈40g/亩与肥料拌均，一次性施于蔗沟。
(4)下种覆土：趁新开挖的蔗沟潮湿，及时下种，亩下种量10000芽。下种后，在种苗上及时覆土8cm。
(5)盖膜覆土：采用甘蔗完全生物降解除草地膜进行全覆盖，地膜 要求沿蔗沟垂直起伏方向(横向)覆盖蔗沟，利用地膜连接处蔗垄上的细土沿蔗沟进行压实，覆土厚度3cm。地膜与地膜搭口时，要求搭口宽10cm，蔗垄上的地膜连接处也用土压实。
(6)甘蔗收获：新植糖料甘蔗成熟后，采用入土深砍，入土深度7cm。
(7)宿根管理：直接将宿根甘蔗所需的肥料一次性施在深砍后留下的蔗沟中，再小培土和盖全膜；施肥量和地膜覆盖方法、用量同新植蔗；小培土要求将肥料完全覆盖即可。
实施例4
一种糖料甘蔗绿色可持续高产种植方法，具体包括以下步骤：
(1)选用健康甘蔗良种：福农41号甘蔗种苗，选择在春季进行种植。
(2)整地开沟：进行蔗地深耕深松和细耙，要求土块细碎，并沿等高线开挖植蔗沟，沟深35cm，沟底宽20cm，行距100cm。
(3)科学施肥：在蔗沟施用生物有机肥110kg/亩，甘蔗专用缓释肥60kg/亩；蔗地有蚜虫，采用缓释低毒高效农药福戈40g/亩与肥料拌均，一次性施于蔗沟。
(4)下种覆土：趁新开挖的蔗沟潮湿，及时下种，亩下种量10000芽；下种后，在种苗上及时覆土9cm；
(5)盖膜覆土：采用甘蔗完全生物降解除草地膜进行全覆盖，地膜要求沿蔗沟垂直起伏方向(横向)覆盖蔗沟，利用地膜连接处蔗垄上的细土沿蔗沟进行压实，覆土厚度3cm。地膜与地膜搭口时，要求搭口宽6cm，蔗垄上的地膜连接处也用土压实。
(6)甘蔗收获：新植糖料甘蔗成熟后，采用入土深砍，入土深度6cm。
(7)宿根管理：直接将宿根甘蔗所需的肥料一次性施在深砍后留下的蔗沟中，再小培土和盖全膜；施肥量和地膜覆盖方法、用量同新植蔗；小培土要求将肥料完全覆盖即可。
实施例5
一种糖料甘蔗绿色可持续高产种植方法，具体包括以下步骤：
(1)选用健康甘蔗良种：粤糖93-159甘蔗种苗，选择在冬季进行种植。
(2)整地开沟：进行蔗地深耕深松和细耙，要求土块细碎，并沿等高线开挖植蔗沟，沟深30cm，沟底宽20cm，行距98cm。
(3)科学施肥：在蔗沟施用生物有机肥120kg/亩，甘蔗专用缓释肥50kg/亩；蔗地有地下害虫，采用缓释低毒高效农药毒辛5kg/亩与肥料拌均匀，一次性施于蔗沟。
(4)下种覆土：趁新开挖的蔗沟潮湿，及时下种，亩下种量9200芽。下种后，在种苗上及时覆土7cm；
(5)盖膜覆土：采用甘蔗完全生物降解除草地膜进行全覆盖，地膜要求沿蔗沟垂直起伏方向(横向)覆盖蔗沟，利用地膜连接处蔗垄上的细土沿蔗沟进行压实，覆土厚度3cm。地膜与地膜搭口时，要求搭口宽8cm，蔗垄上的地膜连接处也用土压实。
(6)甘蔗收获：新植糖料甘蔗成熟后，采用入土深砍，入土深度6cm。
(7)宿根管理：直接将宿根甘蔗所需的肥料一次性施在深砍后留下的蔗沟中，再小培土和盖全膜；施肥量和地膜覆盖方法、用量同新植蔗；小培土要求将肥料完全覆盖即可。
实施例6
一种糖料甘蔗绿色可持续高产种植方法，具体包括以下步骤：
(1)选用健康甘蔗良种：桂糖32号甘蔗种苗，选择在春季进行种植。
(2)整地开沟：进行蔗地深耕深松和细耙，要求土块细碎，并沿等高线开挖植蔗沟，沟深40cm，沟底宽25cm，行距110cm。
(3)科学施肥：在蔗沟施用生物有机肥120kg/亩，甘蔗专用缓释肥50kg/亩；蔗地有地下害虫、蚜虫和螟虫，采用缓释低毒高效农药福戈40g/亩和毒辛5kg/亩与肥料拌均，一次性施于蔗沟。
(4)下种覆土：趁新开挖的蔗沟潮湿，及时下种，亩下种量8000芽。下种后，在种苗上及时覆土7cm；
(5)盖膜覆土：采用甘蔗完全生物降解除草地膜进行全覆盖，地膜 要求沿蔗沟垂直起伏方向(横向)覆盖蔗沟，利用地膜连接处蔗垄上的细土沿蔗沟进行压实，覆土厚度4cm。地膜与地膜搭口时，要求搭口宽8cm，蔗垄上的地膜连接处也用土压实。
(6)甘蔗收获：新植糖料甘蔗成熟后，采用入土深砍，入土深度6cm。
(7)宿根管理：直接将宿根甘蔗所需的肥料一次性施在深砍后留下的蔗沟中，再小培土和盖全膜；施肥量和地膜覆盖方法、用量同新植蔗；小培土要求将肥料完全覆盖即可。
实施例7
一种糖料甘蔗绿色可持续高产种植方法，具体包括以下步骤：
(1)选用健康甘蔗良种：柳城05-136甘蔗种苗，选择在春季进行种植。
(2)整地开沟：进行蔗地深耕深松和细耙，要求土块细碎，并沿等高线开挖植蔗沟，沟深35cm，沟底宽23cm，行距105cm。
(3)科学施肥：在蔗沟施用生物有机肥100kg/亩，甘蔗专用缓释肥70kg/亩；蔗地有地下害虫，采用缓释低毒高效农药福戈40g/亩与肥料拌均，一次性施于蔗沟。
(4)下种覆土：趁新开挖的蔗沟潮湿，及时下种，亩下种量9500芽。下种后，在种苗上及时覆土8cm；
(5)盖膜覆土：采用甘蔗完全生物降解除草地膜进行全覆盖，地膜要求沿蔗沟垂直起伏方向(横向)覆盖蔗沟，利用地膜连接处蔗垄上的细土沿蔗沟进行压实，覆土厚度3.5cm。地膜与地膜搭口时，要求搭口宽5cm，蔗垄上的地膜连接处也用土压实。
(6)甘蔗收获：新植糖料甘蔗成熟后，采用入土深砍，入土深度7cm。
(7)宿根管理：直接将宿根甘蔗所需的肥料一次性施在深砍后留下的蔗沟中，再小培土和盖全膜；施肥量和地膜覆盖方法、用量同新植蔗；小培土要求将肥料完全覆盖即可。
实施例8
一种糖料甘蔗绿色可持续高产种植方法，具体包括以下步骤：
(1)选用健康甘蔗良种：德蔗03-83甘蔗种苗，选择在春季进行种植。
(2)整地开沟：进行蔗地深耕深松和细耙，要求土块细碎，并沿等高线开挖植蔗沟，沟深30cm，沟底宽20cm，行距105cm。
(3)科学施肥：在蔗沟施用生物有机肥100kg/亩，甘蔗专用缓释肥70kg/亩。
(4)下种覆土：趁新开挖的蔗沟潮湿，及时下种，亩下种量9000芽。下种后，在种苗上及时覆土8cm；
(5)盖膜覆土：采用甘蔗完全生物降解除草地膜进行全覆盖，地膜要求沿蔗沟垂直起伏方向(横向)覆盖蔗沟，利用地膜连接处蔗垄上的细土沿蔗沟进行压实，覆土厚度3cm。地膜与地膜搭口时，要求搭口宽10cm，蔗垄上的地膜连接处也用土压实。
(6)甘蔗收获：新植糖料甘蔗成熟后，采用入土深砍，入土深度7cm。
(7)宿根管理：直接将宿根甘蔗所需的肥料一次性施在深砍后留下的蔗沟中，再小培土和盖全膜；施肥量和地膜覆盖方法、用量同新植蔗；小培土要求将肥料完全覆盖即可。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种糖料甘蔗绿色可持续高产种植方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    步骤(1)，选用健康甘蔗良种：选用健康的、无病虫害的甘蔗良种作为种苗后，在冬季或春季进行种植；
    步骤(2)，整地开沟：在糖料甘蔗种植前，进行蔗地深耕深松和细耙，并沿等高线开挖植蔗沟，要求土块细碎，沟深30～40cm，沟底宽20～25cm，行距90～110cm；
    步骤(3)，科学施肥：在蔗沟施生物有机肥100～120kg/亩，甘蔗专用缓释肥50～70kg/亩；所述的生物有机肥的有机质含量(以干基计)≥40％，有效活菌数≥0.2亿/g，水分≤30％，pH为5.5～8.0；
    步骤(4)，下种覆土：施肥后及时下种，亩下种量为8000-10000芽，之后在种苗上覆土7～9cm；
    步骤(5)，盖膜覆土：采用完全生物降解除草地膜沿蔗沟垂直方向进行覆盖，至将蔗地全覆盖，同时，采用地膜覆盖一沟覆土一沟的方式，在蔗沟正上方的地膜上沿蔗沟方向覆土，覆土厚度为3～4cm，并保证地膜紧贴蔗沟土壤；覆土采用地膜连接处蔗垄上的细土，地膜与地膜搭口时，膜搭口宽5～10cm，蔗垄上的地膜连接处也需用土压实；所述的完全生物降解除草地膜厚度为0.012±0.002mm，宽度为2.0～2.4m，降解时间为3-6个月；
    步骤(6)，甘蔗收获：新植糖料甘蔗成熟后，采用入土深砍，入土深度6～8cm；
    步骤(7)，宿根管理：直接将甘蔗宿根所需的肥料一次性施入深砍后留下的蔗沟小坑中，再小培土和盖全膜；施肥种类和施肥量皆与步骤(3)相同；小培土要求将肥料完全覆盖即可；盖全膜方法与步骤(5)的方法相同。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的糖料甘蔗绿色可持续高产种植方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)中所述的甘蔗良种为新台糖22号、新台糖25号、云蔗0551、福农41号、粤糖93-159、桂糖32号、柳城05-136或德蔗03-83。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的糖料甘蔗绿色可持续高产种植方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)中所述的科学施肥的同时，如果蔗地有地下害虫，则采用毒辛5kg/亩与肥料拌均匀，一次性施于蔗沟；如果蔗地有蚜虫和/或螟虫，则采用度锐50ml/亩或福戈40g/亩与肥料拌均，一次性施于蔗沟。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的糖料甘蔗绿色可持续高产种植方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)中所述的生物有机肥是由糖厂滤泥、烟囱灰、蔗渣、牛粪和菌种构成。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的糖料甘蔗绿色可持续高产种植方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)中所述的甘蔗专用缓释肥的N:P:K为23:13:18。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的糖料甘蔗绿色可持续高产种植方法，其特征在于：步骤(4)中所述的及时下种的具体方式为：趁新开挖的蔗沟潮湿，对行距90～100cm的蔗沟，亩下种量为10000芽；对100～110cm的蔗沟，亩下种量为9000芽。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的糖料甘蔗绿色可持续高产种植方法，其特征在于：在蔗沟土壤含水量在20％～30％时，及时进行步骤(5)的盖膜覆土。
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