WO2017167964A1 - Procédé de soudage par friction-malaxage, tige et dispositif d'usinage pour l'assemblage de pièces composées de matériaux différents, ainsi que joint soudé afférent - Google Patents

Procédé de soudage par friction-malaxage, tige et dispositif d'usinage pour l'assemblage de pièces composées de matériaux différents, ainsi que joint soudé afférent Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017167964A1
WO2017167964A1 PCT/EP2017/057694 EP2017057694W WO2017167964A1 WO 2017167964 A1 WO2017167964 A1 WO 2017167964A1 EP 2017057694 W EP2017057694 W EP 2017057694W WO 2017167964 A1 WO2017167964 A1 WO 2017167964A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
component
welding
friction
fsw tool
friction stir
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2017/057694
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bernd Richter
Stefan HABERSETZER
Stefan FRÖHLKE
Original Assignee
Kuka Industries Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102016119062.4A external-priority patent/DE102016119062A1/de
Application filed by Kuka Industries Gmbh filed Critical Kuka Industries Gmbh
Publication of WO2017167964A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017167964A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
    • B23K20/1255—Tools therefor, e.g. characterised by the shape of the probe
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
    • B23K20/126—Workpiece support, i.e. backing or clamping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/129—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding specially adapted for particular articles or workpieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
    • B23K20/227—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded with ferrous layer
    • B23K20/2275—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded with ferrous layer the other layer being aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L8/00—Electric propulsion with power supply from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
    • B60L8/006—Converting flow of air into electric energy, e.g. by using wind turbines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
    • B23K2101/185—Tailored blanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
    • B23K2103/20—Ferrous alloys and aluminium or alloys thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a technology for connecting components by friction stir welding, wherein the components may consist of the same or different materials.
  • the presently disclosed technology includes at least one welding method, a component connection or weld joint produced by the welding method, a friction stir welding tool with an associated one
  • FSW Friction Stir Welding
  • a FSW tool that has a rotating
  • Welding pin and a likewise rotating shoulder is guided with the welding pin to the surface of both components in the area of the butt joint.
  • the frictional contact of the FSW tool with the surface causes the material of the components to be close to the surface
  • Welding pin is in the known methods, the plasticized material of both components to the
  • a first aspect of the present disclosure is the joining of components from different ones
  • Aluminum alloys In addition, isolated components of the same base metal material or from
  • the disclosure according to the first aspect follows the aim of demonstrating an improved FSW technology, which has a wider applicability of friction stir welding for
  • a second aspect of the present invention relates to the manufacture of welded joints by
  • Combination can be used.
  • the disclosed features can contribute to the solution of the problem in both aspects and can therefore be combined as desired.
  • the friction stir welding method according to the first aspect of the present disclosure is for connecting two
  • the first component made of a material having a first low melting temperature and the second component made of a material having a second and significantly higher melting temperature.
  • the material of the first component can be plasticized in a temperature range below the
  • Component could be plasticized, already the melting point of the material of the first component would be exceeded.
  • the first component may for example consist of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
  • the second component may consist of a steel material.
  • other material combinations are possible.
  • the friction stir welding method according to the first aspect of the present disclosure includes at least the
  • the first and second components are positioned to form a butt joint between a first abutment edge of the first component and a second abutment edge of the second component.
  • the positioning can be done in any way, for example, by a suitable component holder with a clamping device.
  • the first component is contacted by a friction stir welding tool (FSW tool), preferably in a surface area adjacent to the butt joint.
  • FSW tool friction stir welding tool
  • the material of the first component is plasticized and the welding pin of the FSW tool is immersed in the material of the first component, in particular until the shoulder of the FSW tool rests against the outer surface of the first component.
  • the welding pin of the FSW tool is moved substantially perpendicular to the second abutting edge of the second component and pressed against this. At the same time, the welding pin and the shoulder of the FSW tool are in
  • the FSW tool and in particular the welding pin are guided along the second abutting edge of the second component, wherein the course of the abutting edge
  • Welding direction or welding path defined.
  • the friction stir welding method according to the first aspect of the present disclosure may be preferably carried out completely without plasticizing the material of the second member. As will be explained in detail below, in a welded joint formed by the present method, good
  • Strength properties are generated, which are based on proportion or predominantly on the formation of a positive connection between the weld and the second component and possibly on diffusion processes.
  • a welded joint according to the first aspect of the present disclosure is disposed between a first one
  • Substantially consists of plasticized and re-solidified material of the first component.
  • a shock edge which by positive locking embedded in the weld.
  • a plasticized and re-solidified material of a filler material which differs from the material of the second component and in particular has a melting temperature which corresponds to or is close to the melting temperature of the material of the first component, may be contained in the weld seam.
  • a friction stir welding method includes at least the
  • a first and a second component are in contact with a component receiving and forming a butt joint between a first abutting edge of the first
  • the courses of the recess and the butt joint can be identical.
  • the component holder has at least in the area next to the butt joint in the
  • Retracted contact surface It can be groove-shaped
  • the recess may be formed and have different cross-sectional shapes, which are explained below.
  • the recess may be open on the side away from the FSW tool or from the components, so that any excess of plasticized material can escape to the outside.
  • the shape of the recess is in relation to the expected size of the
  • Weld in particular, is a profile depth of the recess in a ratio to the wall thickness of
  • Components and a profile width of the recess is in proportion to the expected seam root width of the weld.
  • the first and the second component may preferably consist of a metal or plastic.
  • the basic shape of the first and the second component in the region of the butt joint is preferably plate-shaped or sheet-shaped.
  • connecting material sections can be, for example, plate-shaped or sheet-like webs of profiles. Alternatively, any other component shapes are possible, between which a butt joint can be formed, is present under the sufficient free space.
  • An FSW weld is made between the first and second components using a FSW tool, guiding the FSW tool along the course of the butt joint (and thus along the path of the recess). In other words, he is right
  • At least the material of one of the components is plasticized by the FSW tool, without melting the materials.
  • a part of the plasticized material is conveyed into the recess in the component holder and formed there.
  • the formation of the plasticized material is preferably carried out under adjacent contact of the material with a contour of the recess.
  • the shaping takes place in particular for the formation of a profiled
  • the profiled seam exaggeration is essentially formed as a negative mold of the recess.
  • the extent of contact between the plasticized material and the recess can be largely controlled by the shape of the recess, which will be discussed below
  • the seam protuberance formed in the recess has a cross-sectional shape, which is predetermined by the cross-sectional profile of the recess in a defined manner. It is thus a profiled seam superelevation, in which in particular at least one projection width or a supernatant height or a shoulder region of the
  • Seam overshoot is shaped according to the shape of the recess.
  • the profiled seam superelevation can be attached to the
  • the supernatant height and / or protrusion width can in particular be selected such that a subsequent removal of the seam exaggeration with only one subsequent work step is possible, for example by a milling tool. Furthermore, the supernatant height can be selected such that any occurring
  • Missing mixing zones in the edge region of the weld do not reach into the area of the direct overlap between the abutting edges of the components.
  • Abrasion achieves various benefits.
  • an FSW weld with a particularly high surface quality can be achieved, in particular a completely flat seam surface, which adjoins flush to the adjacent surface areas of the components. Recesses in the seam surface opposite the
  • Such a seam surface is visually appealing and can be used for the visible sides of workpieces.
  • Applying filler can be dispensed with. After separation of the seam superimposition is in particular a direct coating or other coating of the
  • FSW-welded workpieces can be made usable for applications that were previously open only to other joining methods, for example for the production of display panels for passenger trains.
  • Seam imperfection may in particular be a so-called kissing bond - an edge zone extending in the longitudinal direction of the butt joint with incomplete mixing of the plasticized materials.
  • the above-mentioned expenses can in particular allow the guidance of the FSW tool at higher speeds, so that shorter production times can be achieved.
  • Welding pin of the FSW tool is greater than or equal to the wall thickness or material thickness of the components in the butt joint is selected.
  • the welding pin can be the contour line of the adjacent (from the FSW tool
  • an accumulation of material may be formed in the region of the butt joint, which plasticizes and at least with the material one of the components is mixed.
  • the accumulation of material can be formed in any way, in particular by a filler material or a local
  • An accumulation of material can also be formed by inserting an additional material into the recess. The result of the accumulation of material
  • Increased amount of plasticized material can serve various purposes. On the one hand, a sufficient amount of additional material may be provided to the recess or an intended part of the
  • the amount of material provided by accumulation of material can be adapted in order to influence the degree of filling of the recess and thus the seam pattern.
  • Friction friction welding method is provided that the entire recess is filled with plasticized material. This can be achieved by the FSW tool with a certain contact pressure in
  • the recess has a base portion and an overflow portion, wherein at least the
  • Base section is to be completely filled with plasticized material. Whether the overflow section with plasticized material
  • plasticized material is present.
  • the at least complete filling of the base portion can be achieved by a force-guided plunging movement.
  • at least as much additional material may be present that due to different widths of the butt seam caused additional or reduced demands on plasticized material can be compensated.
  • volume fraction of the plasticized material can be conveyed into the overflow section of the recess and form an overhang, which is eventually separated in a subsequent processing step. In this way, a homogeneous seam pattern can be achieved on both sides of the weld. Furthermore, a minimum thickness or a uniform thickness of the weld can be achieved.
  • an excess of plasticized material is formed, i. at least slightly more plasticized material is required than to fill the direct overlap area between the abutting edges (volume of the weld seam) and a shoulder region of the profiled seam superimposition (profiled strand), the excess being able to escape via or into the overflow section.
  • the present disclosure further includes
  • Friction Stir Welding Tool optimized for use in the welding method of the first or second aspect, and one
  • Processing device for carrying out the
  • Figures 1 to 3 the disclosure according to
  • Figures 4 and 5 two embodiments of a
  • FIGS. 6A to 8B are enlarged sectional views of a first embodiment of the welding method of FIG. 1;
  • FIGS. 7A to 7C are enlarged sectional views of a further embodiment variant of the welding method of FIG. 1 and a component receptacle according to the second aspect of the disclosure;
  • FIGS. 8A to 8C exemplary embodiments of a FSW tool
  • Figure 9 an enlarged sectional view of a
  • Figure 10 a schematic representation of a
  • FIG. 1 shows an oblique view of two components
  • Friction friction welding method according to the first aspect
  • the two components (20, 30) are shown in Figure 1 in a sectional view.
  • Figure 2 shows a longitudinal sectional view according to the arrow II in Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view according to arrow III in Figure 1.
  • the first component (20) consists of a material having a first low melting temperature. It has a first abutment edge (21).
  • the second component (30) exists made of a material having a second and significantly higher melting temperature and has a second abutting edge (31).
  • the first component (20) below the butt joint extends even further in the direction of the second component (30).
  • this additional extension in the welding process can be advantageously used to form a macro-positive fit.
  • the first component (20) without such an extension may be formed below the butt joint.
  • the first component (20) has an accumulation of material (24) in a region adjacent to the butt joint, which is defined here by a protrusion of the first component (20) via the outer surface (32) of the second component (30) located on the side of the FSW tool ) is formed.
  • Material accumulation (24) may alternatively be formed in other ways.
  • the first component (20) is replaced by a
  • Friction friction welding tool (FSW tool) (10) contacted in a region of the outer surface (22) of the first component (20) adjacent to the butt joint.
  • the FSW tool (10) and in particular, the welding pin (11) arranged thereon and a shoulder (12) are rotated separately or together.
  • the material of the first component (20) is locally plasticized, first progressing in the region of material accumulation (24) and then progressing inwards.
  • Figure 6A is an illustrative cross-sectional view of the butt joint between the components (20, 30) and attachment of the FSW tool in an area adjacent the butt joint.
  • the welding pin (11) of the FSW tool (10) is immersed in the plasticized material (40) of the first component (20) or the accumulation of material (24), wherein gradually further inward material of the first component (20) is plasticized.
  • the immersion movement is shown in transition from FIG. 6A to FIG. 6B and in FIG. 1 with the reference number (ZI).
  • the immersion movement can take place substantially perpendicular to the outer surface (22) of the first component (20) or the accumulation of material (24).
  • the FSW tool (10) may already have an inclination during fitting or dipping in accordance with at least one of the angles of inclination (AI, A2) described below (see FIG. 1).
  • the immersion movement is preferably carried out at least so far that the at the dorsal end of the welding pin (11) adjacent and outwardly extending shoulder (12) of the FSW tool (10) on the surface (22) of the first component (20) and the accumulation of material (24) comes to rest.
  • Welding pin can be greater than the wall thickness of the second component (30). Due to the further rotation of the welding pin (11) and the shoulder (12) and in particular the frictional contact between the shoulder (12) and the surface of the first component (20) or
  • Material accumulation (24) is further plasticized material of the first component (20) and the material cluster (24).
  • the welding pin (11) is pressed substantially perpendicularly against the second abutting edge (31) of the second component (30).
  • any material of the first component (20) located between the welding pin (11) and the abutting edge (31) of the second component (30) is likewise plasticized and displaced.
  • Impact edge (21) is dissolved, while the shape of the second abutment edge (31) is substantially retained.
  • the pressing movement is shown in the transition from Figure 6B to Figure 6C and in Figure 1 by the reference numeral (Z2).
  • the pressing (Z2) on the second abutting edge (31) is preferably carried out without plasticizing the material of the second component (30). In particular, it is preferably further avoided that the material of the first component (20) is heated beyond the plasticization or melts.
  • the pressing (Z2) of the welding pin (11) on the second abutting edge (31) is preferably carried out under a predetermined contact force (FN) in the normal direction or perpendicular to the abutting edge (31) of the second component (30).
  • the FSW tool (10) is guided along the second abutting edge (31) of the second component (30), wherein the welding pin (11) preferably permanently contacts the abutment edge (31).
  • the course of the second abutting edge (31) thus predetermines the welding direction (SR) or welding path.
  • Bumper (31) is indicated in Figure 1 by the reference numeral (Z3).
  • the vertical contact pressure (FN) is applied to the second abutting edge (31) during the movement of the FSW tool (10) in the welding direction (SR).
  • the welding pin (11) is pressed against the abutting edge (31) of the second component during the entire movement along the welding direction (SR), without, however, plasticizing the abutment edge (31) or the material of the second component (30).
  • the plasticized material (40) is shaped such that the second abutment edge (31) is received in the weld (41) by positive engagement (42, 42a, 42b).
  • the positive locking can be used as a macro- Positive fit (42b) and / or as a micro-positive connection (42a) are generated.
  • Various aspects are explained below, which individually or together or in any combination can make a contribution to the formation of the plasticized material (40) or to the formation of a positive connection (42, 42a, 42b).
  • the abutting edge (31) may further assist in locally heating the material of the second member (30) and increase the pressure with which the plasticized material (40) is conveyed onto the abutting edge (31). Heating and pressure can cause diffusion
  • diffusion zones (43) in the contact area between the Weld (41) and the second component (30) lead.
  • diffusion zones (43) in addition to the positive connection (42, 42a, 42b), a proportionate material bond can be generated.
  • a slight plasticization of the second component (30) may occur, although the shape of the second abutment edge (31) is not or only insignificantly changed.
  • plasticized material (40) by a movement of the FSW tool (10), in particular a rotation and
  • Roughening or elevation (36) can on the one hand be the roughenings or elevations produced by the welding pin (11). Alternatively or additionally, it may be the roughening or elevations (36) or otherwise suitable surface structures on the second component (30), which have been produced, for example, by a previous machining of the abutment edge (31) and / or on another outer contour of the second component (FIG. 30), in particular on an outer surface (32, 35) of the second component (30) or in the region of a transition between an outer surface (32, 35) and the abutting edge (31).
  • FIG. 9 shows an enlarged sectional view of a welded joint according to the present disclosure and various
  • the roughening or elevation (36) increases the size of the surface between the plasticized material (40) and the second component
  • the embedding can take place on the outer surface (32) facing the FSW tool and / or on the outer surface (35) facing away from the FSW tool (10).
  • portions of the weld (41) extend over both outer surfaces (32, 35) by way of example.
  • an additional roughening or groove (37) is produced in the region of the outer surface (32) facing away from the FSW tool, into which likewise plasticized material (40) of the weld seam
  • the plasticized material (40) is preferably shaped so that the weld (41) formed therefrom seals the abutting edge (31) in the
  • Cross-section surrounds at least two, preferably on three sides.
  • the inclination can be present during the entire welding process.
  • the inclination between the immersion (ZI) and the pressing (Z2) can be brought about. It can possibly be adapted to an inclination profile of the second abutting edge (31).
  • the (first) angle of inclination about the axis (K1) is indicated in FIG. 3 by reference number (AI).
  • the inclination (AI) is preferably selected such that the plasticized material (40) is formed through the shoulder (12) of the FSW tool (10) towards the abutting edge (31) of the second component (30).
  • the (first) inclination angle (AI) and by the rotation of the shoulder (12) causes the plasticized Material (40) tends to be displaced or conveyed to the side of the second component (30), which supports the above-mentioned shaping of the plasticized material (40) for producing a positive connection (42, 42a, 42b).
  • the FSW tool (10) can alternatively or additionally be inclined away from the welding direction (SR) about an axis (K2) running normal to the abutting edge (31) of the second component (30).
  • the associated (second) angle of inclination about the axis (K2) is indicated in Figure 2 by reference numeral (A2).
  • Welding direction (SR) leading part of the shoulder (12) has a greater distance from the outer surface (32) of the second component (30) than the welding direction (SR) trailing part.
  • the trailing part of the shoulder (12) on the second component (30) abut.
  • the angle of inclination (A2) can in particular be selected so that the leading part of the shoulder (12) just projects beyond the outer surface (22) of the first component (20) or a material accumulation (24) arranged there.
  • plasticized material (40) in the direction of the side facing away from the FSW tool (10) side of the weld (41) is promoted.
  • a welding method according to the second aspect of the disclosure is effective to convey plasticized material into the recess.
  • the material accumulation (24) can be formed according to the example in Figures 1 to 3 and 6A to 6C by a projection of the first component (20) via the FSW tool (10) directed outer surface (32) of the second component (30).
  • Material accumulation (24) by a arranged next to or above the butt joint strip of an additional material (25) may be formed (see Figures 7A to 7C).
  • plasticized material (40) which in particular comes from the accumulation of material (24) next to or above the butt joint, on the side of the FSW tool (10) located outer surface (32) of the first component (30) promoted or be shaped.
  • the abutting edge (31) of the first component (30) is guided into the weld seam (41) by a macro-positive connection (42b) on the outer surface (32) facing the FSW tool (10) and / or in the transition region between the abutting edge (). 31) and the outer surface (32) embedded.
  • the weld (41) protrudes outward beyond the abutting edge (31).
  • the height and width of the projection of the weld (41) over the outer surface (32) can be determined by the shape of the shoulder (12), the degree of angle (AI, A2), the amount of material accumulation (24) and the rotation of the shoulder (12).
  • FIGS. 6C and 7C show relatively thick protrusions on the outer surface (32) facing the FSW tool (10), in the example of FIG. 5 a relatively narrow projection of the weld seam (41) is shown.
  • a weld joint (50) without a projection of the weld (41) over the FSW tool facing outer surface (32). This shape of the weld (41) can be generated when the FSW tool is delivered so far that it at least selectively the second edge (31) and / or the
  • the first component (20) has a significantly greater wall thickness than the second component (30). It extends in particular still at least a little way below the butt joint in the direction of the second component (30).
  • the welding pin (11) is designed and guided such that it covers at least the entire abutting edge (31) in cross section during the welding movement.
  • Immersion depth of the welding pin (11) is thus greater than the wall thickness of the second component.
  • the welding pin (11) may possibly a piece in both
  • first component (20) and the second component (30) in the region of the abutting edges (21, 31) have substantially matching wall thicknesses.
  • the components (20, 30) are arranged on or in a component receptacle (61) and optionally tensioned.
  • component receptacle (61) is further in the area below the butt joint a recess (65)
  • WulstformausANS 65
  • the WulstformausANS (65) also forms a variant for the recess (165) for forming a seam superelevation according to the second aspect of the
  • a portion of the plasticized material (40) by the movement of the FSW tool (10) can be promoted in the bead recess (65), which by further delivery of the FSW tool and / or the employment of the FSW tool the second
  • Tilt angle (A2) can be increased.
  • the plasticized material (40) can during the
  • FIGS. 8A to 8C show preferred embodiments of a friction stir welding tool (10) (FSW tool) according to the present disclosure.
  • the welding pin (11) of the FSW tool (10) preferably has a conical basic shape, wherein the opening angle substantially to the first
  • Inclination angle (AI) corresponds.
  • the shoulder (12) of the FSW tool (10) preferably has a concave shape. Between the shoulder (12) and the lateral surface (17) of the welding pin (11) may preferably be provided an angle of 90 degrees or less. Due to these shapes, the o.g. Promotional effects on the plasticized material (40) generated or amplified.
  • the welding pin (11) is preferably made of a material having such a strength and resilience that it withstand market normal service life of a processing of the second abutting edge (31). For this is
  • tungsten-rhenium alloy suitable for example, a tungsten-rhenium alloy suitable.
  • the welding pin (11) can by different
  • Formation features contribute to forming rugosities or elevations (36) in the abutting edge (31) and / or the conveying effect on the plasticized material and
  • the welding pin (11) can have friction or cutting surfaces (15) disposed annularly or spirally at least on the lateral surface (17). Furthermore, the welding pin (11) may have one, two or more longitudinal grooves (16) in the lateral surface (17). The longitudinal grooves (16) may have an inclination to the direction of rotation, so that a proportionate
  • the concave outer contour (13) may have at least one edge portion which during the
  • Outer surface (32) and the abutting edge surface (33) are deformed such that the macro-positive connection (42 b) is reinforced at this transition region (see.
  • rugosities or cracks (36) can be further assisted in the welding process by maintaining the contact force (FN) of the welding pin (11) against the second abutting edge (31) or
  • the (currently applied or effective) contact pressure (FN) against the second abutting edge (31) are detected, for example by a force or torque sensor on the
  • Welding pin (11) against the second abutting edge (31) are controlled to a desired force.
  • the desired force can be specified locally differently depending on the contour of the components (20, 21).
  • Contacting sensor (63) may be arranged on the second component (30) or brought into contact therewith (see Figures 1 and 9) in order to detect parameters resulting from contact with the welding pin (11).
  • Parameters may include, in particular, vibrations whose frequency and / or amplitude can be measured. Accordingly, a contacting sensor can be designed as a vibration sensor (63). Alternatively, any others
  • FIG. 8C shows a further embodiment of the invention
  • At the distal end of the welding pin (11) is a radially extending and beyond the lateral surface (17) of the welding pin (11) protruding friction or
  • this friction or cutting contour (18) can be brought into contact with the outer surface (35) of the second component (30) facing away from the FSW tool (10) during the welding process in order to provide additional roughening there as well to create an additional elevation (37). Due to the above-mentioned conveying effect on the plasticized
  • Material (40) can also be this additional roughening or the additional elevation (37) to form a macro-form closure (42b) are filled (see.
  • FIG. 10 shows a processing device for
  • the processing device Performing a friction stir welding process according to the present disclosure.
  • (61) may in particular have a bead-shaped recess (65).
  • the processing device (60) further comprises a manipulator (62), which is preferably designed as a 6- or 7-axis industrial robot.
  • a manipulator 62
  • the Manipulator (62) performs a FSW tool (10), which is preferably formed according to one of the above variants.
  • the component receptacle (61) is designed to receive and position the first component (20) and the second component (30).
  • the component receptacle (61) can be made in one or more parts.
  • the processing device (60) comprises a controller (64), in particular a manipulator control, which is designed to carry out a friction stir welding process according to the present disclosure.
  • Processing device (60) may preferably comprise the above-mentioned contacting sensor (63), which
  • controller is preferably connected to the controller (64). Further, instructions may be included in the controller (64) to control the strength of the contact and / or the amount of contact force (FN) in response to the measurement result of the contactor (63).
  • At least one force or moment sensor (66) may be provided on the processing device (60) and / or on the manipulator (62) in order to detect the contact force (FN) of the welding pin against the second abutting edge (31).
  • the controller (64) instructions for controlling the welding process and in particular the contact pressure (FN) depending on the measurement result of at least one force or
  • the processing device (60) or the manipulator (62) and its control can alternatively or
  • the processing device (60) may include a release means with which a seam overhang (144) may be partially or completely severed after making a weld joint (150).
  • the release agent may, for example, a milling or grinding device or one of a
  • Manipulator be guided milling or grinding tool.
  • the component holder (61, 161) can be a separate
  • Components (20, 30, 120, 130) are used.
  • the section with the recess (65, 165) can after the production of the
  • Weld (141) are removed to allow access to the side facing away from the FSW tool side (25, 35, 125, 135) and to bring the aforementioned release agent into engagement with the seam exaggeration.
  • components (120, 130) may be connected to the same or different materials. This includes those defined in the first aspect of the disclosure and other combinations of materials. In particular, materials with the same or
  • the material accumulation can be formed, in particular in analogy to the above statements.
  • Material accumulation be formed. Again alternatively or additionally, a material accumulation by a
  • Figures IIA to HC show two components (120, 130) and a component receptacle (161) in cross section.
  • Each of the components (120, 130) has a butt edge (121, 131) and the components are positioned relative to each other to form a butt joint. Between the abutting edges (121, 131) a butt joint is formed.
  • Component receptacle (161) is in cross section next to
  • the recess can also be referred to as a recess. She creates one
  • the component receptacle (161) is disposed on the side or outer surface (125,135) of the components, which faces away from the FSW tool (110). These sides or outer surfaces may later represent the visible side.
  • the sides or outer surfaces (122, 132) facing the FSW tool (110) are also referred to as the machining side.
  • any FSW Tool (110) can be used.
  • it may be the FSW tool described above according to the first aspect of the disclosure.
  • the welding pin (111) is set in a rotational movement and with the outer surface (122, 132) at least one of the components (120,130) in
  • the welding pin (111) is delivered substantially centrally to the butt joint, so that it contacts the surfaces (122, 132) of both components (120, 130). By the rotation of the welding pin (111) is
  • Component (120, 130) is plasticized.
  • the immersion movement of the welding pin (111) or of the FSW tool (110) can at least take place so far that one adjacent to the welding pin (111) arranged
  • Welding shoulder (112) comes into contact with at least one outer surface (122, 132) of one of the components (120, 130). Particularly preferred may be the weld shoulder
  • the welding shoulder (112) can be formed in one or more parts. It may be partially or completely offset in a rotational movement, in particular with the rotational movement of the welding pin (111).
  • the FSW tool (110) is moved along the butt joint, i. along the course of the
  • Butt-kick moves.
  • further material of the at least one component (120, 130) is plasticized and conveyed around the welding pin (111) so that a weld seam (141) formed from the plasticized material (140) forms behind the movement path of the welding tool (110).
  • a portion of the plasticized material (140) is further conveyed into the recess (165) and formed there to form a seam bump (144).
  • the conveying effect on the plasticized material in the direction of the recess (165) can be influenced or reinforced by various factors, in particular by a structure of the Welding pin (111), a contact pressure of
  • the shaping of the seam superelevation is based essentially on an abutting contact between the plasticized material (140) and a surface area of the surface
  • Recess (165) partially or completely defined to be reached form of seam exaggeration (144).
  • the recess (165) can in particular as
  • the insertion depth of the welding pin (111) can be selected to be so great that its tip reaches or exceeds a contour line (HO) of the surfaces (125, 135) of the components (120, 130) on the visible side.
  • the immersion depth is preferably such that the welding pin (111) does not contact the bottom of the recess (165) to damage the FSW tool (110) and the component holder (165)
  • FIG. 15 shows an oblique view of the visible side (125, 135) of the components (120, 130) after the manufacture of the FSW welded connection (150). In the upper left-hand area, a state of the welded connection (150) is shown in which the seam superelevation (144) is shown as
  • Profile protrusion on the components (120,130) remains.
  • the seam superelevation can have a uniform profile over the course of the weld. Alternatively you can
  • Production of the weld (141) has been separated.
  • the separation can be done in any way
  • the supernatant height (h) is particularly preferably, the supernatant height (h)
  • FIG. HC shows a sectional view of the weld seam (141) before or without severing the seam protuberance (144). In the enlarged section of the
  • a mixing defect is exemplified in the form of a so-called kissing bond (145).
  • the plasticized materials of the components (120, 130) and any additional material have not or not completely stirred, for example, because a solidification on the surface of the plasticized material (140) has occurred too early.
  • Such mixing defects can have a tear effect and the mechanical strength of the
  • a heating and / or cooling device (167) can be provided on or in the component receptacle (161). This may serve to regulate heat input or heat removal to or from the plasticized material (140).
  • the surface of the recess (165) can be heated or cooled to prevent the solidification of the
  • solidification of the plasticized material may be delayed, at least in the region of the instantaneous position of the FSW tool 110 or the welding pin 111, so that there is more time for the plasticized material to stir and a homogeneous one Blending is favored.
  • a cooling in particular a local cooling of the recess (165) is provided, a rapid or complete solidification of the plasticized material and thus a solidification of the weld can be promoted.
  • a heating device and / or a cooling device may possibly act in coordination with the guiding movement of the FSW tool (110) on the component receptacle (161). In particular, a heater in the flow to the movement of the FSW tool act and a
  • Cooling device may act in the wake of the movement of the FSW tool (110). According to a preferred embodiment
  • Execution can be a combined heating and
  • Cooling device on the component receiving (161) are moved along so that always heated an area in the flow to the welding pin (111) and a region in the wake of the welding pin (111) is cooled.
  • Cooling device to be moved along the component holder.
  • a local actuation of a heating and / or cooling device which extends along the recess (165), take place, in particular in coordination with the guidance of the FSW tool (110).
  • Figures 12 to 14 show alternative embodiments of a component receptacle (161) with differently shaped recesses (165 x , 165 xx , 165 xxx ) and thus can be generated cross-sectional shapes of a seam superelevation (144,146).
  • a profile width (B) of the recess (165 ⁇ ) is provided, which is smaller than or equal to the expected seam root width (N) of the weld seam (141).
  • N expected seam root width
  • b projection width of the seam superelevation (144) is predetermined by the recess (165 ⁇ ).
  • the tread depth (H) is shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 12 is not fixed or chosen so large that the recess (165 x ) does not
  • Base portion which is to be filled completely by plasticized material (140) to form a projection (148) of the seam overhang (144) with a uniform cross-sectional profile, and an adjacent overflow section (170), not or only partially with plastic material is filled, especially if an excess of
  • plasticized material (141) is present.
  • an overflow section (170) is the first overflow section
  • FIG. 13 shows a
  • FIG. 14 shows another alternative cross-sectional shape of the recess (165 ,, ⁇ ), which is essentially a
  • the recess (165,, >'> ) further has a profile constriction (168), in which the width of the seam exaggeration (144) is further limited.
  • the profile constriction (168) is also the limit
  • Profile constriction (168) can be a profile widening
  • the plasticized material conveyed into the recess (165 ,, ''> ) during the welding process is formed into a profile strand (146) with a longitudinal constriction (147).
  • the Lekseinschnürung (147) may be chosen so small in width that a predetermined breaking point
  • the connected components (120, 130) can be released from the component receptacle (161), with one still above the
  • a separating device (169) can be arranged on or in the component receptacle (161). be provided, which acts in the region of Lijnseinschnürung (147), which is illustrated by the dividing line (T) in Figure 14.
  • one of the abovementioned separating means can effect the separation of the part of the seam superelevation (141) or of the profiled strand (146) which extends beyond the longitudinal constriction (147).
  • FIG. 15 illustrates, different cross-sectional profiles for the seam superelevation (144) can be provided in the course of the weld seam (141),
  • Uniform or in the course of different cross-sectional profiles can be used for example as design elements or design structures on the visible side. It may further be provided that mixing defects such as a kissing bond (145) are avoided in at least parts of the weld (141) and allowed or generated in the other parts. In this way, for example, preferential breaking points on the weld seam (141) can be created in order to influence the crash behavior of a workpiece.
  • Welding method are used according to the first aspect of the disclosure, but also the material of the second component (30, 130) is plasticized. However, the proportion of the plasticized material of the second component in the weld (141) or the
  • Blending zone be significantly lower than the proportion of the material of the first component and / or an additional material.
  • the cross-sectional shapes of the recess (165, 165 165 ⁇ 165) proposed according to the second aspect of the disclosure may also serve to provide a
  • the materials of the two components (20, 30) may also be non-metals, such as plastics (in particular the first component) or ceramics (especially the second component).
  • the manipulator (62) may be a machine tool. Instead of
  • Guide the FSW tool (10) relative to the fixedly positioned components (20, 30) may be any other kinematics.
  • the component holder (61) or the components (20, 30) move to the immersion movement (ZI), to cause the pressing movement (Z2) and the welding movement (Z3).
  • the FSW tool (10) can during the welding process in total with a uniform
  • Rotation speed to be rotated may be provided.
  • different rotational speeds and optionally different rotational directions for the welding pin (11) and the shoulder (12) may be provided.
  • the direction of rotation of the shoulder (12) is preferably oriented counter to the movement of the FSW tool (10) along the second abutment edge (31) (see Figure 1), i. against a direction of rotation when rolling the
  • Connecting at least two components (120, 130) comprising the following steps:
  • Component (120, 130) in contact with a component receptacle (161) to form a butt joint between a first abutment edge (121) of the first component (120) and a second abutment edge (131) of the second component (130), wherein the course of the butt joint with the course of a recess (165) in the component receptacle (161) overlaps;
  • Recess (165) in the component receiving (161) promoted and formed there to a profiled seam exaggeration (144).
  • the configuration of the recess (65) may correspond to each of the examples of FIGS. 7A to 7C as well as IIA to HC, 12, 13 and 14, and the respective ones
  • a further independent feature of the present disclosure is a component receptacle (161) for supporting at least two components (120, 130) for a FSW welding process, wherein the components (120, 130) are formed between a first abutment edge (120). 121) of the first component (120) and a second abutment edge (131) of the second component (130) are positionable and fixable in or on the component receptacle (161), and wherein the component receptacle (161) has a recess running along the stump abutment (161).
  • plasticized material (140) into which plasticized material (140) can be conveyed during an FSW welding operation, and wherein the recess (165, 165, 165 , x , 165,, >'> ) is designed to be the introduced plasticized material Material (140) to a seam exaggeration (144) with
  • Recess may further be adapted to the plasticized material (140) to a profile strand (146) with a Leksseinschnürung (147) to form.
  • the component receptacle (161) may have a heating and / or cooling device (167), which is designed to regulate a heat supply and / or heat dissipation in the region of the recess (165).
  • the component receptacle (161) can have a separating device (169), which can be used for this purpose

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une technologie permettant d'assembler par soudage par friction-malaxage (FSW) au moins deux pièces (120, 130) composées de matériaux différents. La première pièce (120) est composée d'un matériau présentant une première température de fusion peu élevée, en particulier d'aluminium, et la seconde pièce (130) est composée d'un matériau présentant une température de fusion nettement plus élevée, en particulier d'acier. L'invention concerne également un procédé de soudage par friction-malaxage, une tige de soudage (111), un outil FSW (110), un logement de pièce (161) qui peut être utilisé pour le procédé de soudage par friction-malaxage, et par ailleurs un joint soudé ainsi qu'un poste d'usinage. Une première et une seconde pièce (120, 130) sont positionnées en contact avec le logement de pièce (161), ce qui produit un joint bout à bout entre un premier bord de contact (121) de la première pièce (120) et un second bord de contact (131) de la seconde pièce (130). Le tracé du joint bout à bout chevauche le tracé de l'évidement (165) ménagé dans le logement de pièce (161). Un joint soudé FSW est produit entre la première et la seconde pièce (120, 130) par guidage de l'outil FSW (110) le long du tracé du joint bout à bout, le matériau plastifié étant refoulé dans l'évidement (165) ménagé dans le logement de pièce (161).
PCT/EP2017/057694 2016-03-31 2017-03-31 Procédé de soudage par friction-malaxage, tige et dispositif d'usinage pour l'assemblage de pièces composées de matériaux différents, ainsi que joint soudé afférent WO2017167964A1 (fr)

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DE102016105927.7 2016-03-31
DE102016105927.7A DE102016105927A1 (de) 2016-03-31 2016-03-31 Rührreibschweißtechnologie zum Verbinden von Bauteilen aus unterschiedlichen Materialien
DE102016119062.4A DE102016119062A1 (de) 2016-03-31 2016-10-07 Rührreibschweißtechnologie zum Verbinden von Bauteilen aus unterschiedlichen Materialien
DE102016119062.4 2016-10-07

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CN116441699A (zh) * 2019-08-08 2023-07-18 日本轻金属株式会社 自动接合系统
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CN113523535A (zh) * 2021-07-27 2021-10-22 江苏科技大学 带辅热的搅拌摩擦焊t型接头夹具
CN113523535B (zh) * 2021-07-27 2023-06-20 江苏科技大学 带辅热的搅拌摩擦焊t型接头夹具
WO2023020888A1 (fr) 2021-08-17 2023-02-23 Kuka Deutschland Gmbh Dispositif de soudage et procédé de soudage
DE102021121367A1 (de) 2021-08-17 2023-02-23 Kuka Deutschland Gmbh Schweisseinrichtung und Schweissverfahren

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