WO2017166307A1 - 天线、通信组件及无人飞行器 - Google Patents

天线、通信组件及无人飞行器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017166307A1
WO2017166307A1 PCT/CN2016/078362 CN2016078362W WO2017166307A1 WO 2017166307 A1 WO2017166307 A1 WO 2017166307A1 CN 2016078362 W CN2016078362 W CN 2016078362W WO 2017166307 A1 WO2017166307 A1 WO 2017166307A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
metal
head
disposed
communication component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2016/078362
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王典
胡孟
魏建平
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SZ DJI Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
SZ DJI Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SZ DJI Technology Co Ltd filed Critical SZ DJI Technology Co Ltd
Priority to PCT/CN2016/078362 priority Critical patent/WO2017166307A1/zh
Priority to CN201680012057.0A priority patent/CN107278341A/zh
Publication of WO2017166307A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017166307A1/zh
Priority to US16/145,412 priority patent/US11205838B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
    • B64C1/36—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like adapted to receive antennas or radomes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/378—Combination of fed elements with parasitic elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/06—Details
    • H01Q9/065—Microstrip dipole antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U2101/00—UAVs specially adapted for particular uses or applications
    • B64U2101/20—UAVs specially adapted for particular uses or applications for use as communications relays, e.g. high-altitude platforms

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to an antenna, a communication component, and an unmanned aerial vehicle.
  • antennas are communication components used to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves, and are widely used in these devices.
  • the limitations of these devices are not only required for the size of the antenna, but also special.
  • the application environment also has special requirements for the radiation direction of the antenna.
  • unmanned aerial vehicles it is desirable that the radiation of the antenna be uniformly covered in all directions.
  • the antenna in the prior art cannot achieve miniaturization of the antenna by changing the structure of the antenna. Or only for mobile terminals, not for robots, unmanned aerial vehicles and other equipment.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna, including: a substrate, a dipole antenna disposed on an upper surface of the substrate;
  • the dipole antenna includes two metal structures disposed symmetrically; the metal structure is an axisymmetric structure;
  • the metal structure includes a head adjacent the other metal structure and a tail portion remote from the other metal structure; the width of the metal structure varies between the head and the tail.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a communication component, including: a metal parasitic unit and an antenna;
  • the antenna includes: a substrate; a dipole antenna disposed on an upper surface of the substrate;
  • the metal parasitic unit is disposed within a predetermined distance from the antenna and is substantially the same as an extending direction of the antenna.
  • the present invention provides an unmanned aerial vehicle comprising: a fuselage, a metal component disposed on the fuselage, and a communication component as described above;
  • the metal component is located on a portion of the body adjacent to the communication component.
  • the antenna comprises: a substrate, a dipole antenna disposed on an upper surface of the substrate; the dipole antenna includes two metal structures symmetrically disposed; the metal structure is an axisymmetric structure; the metal structure includes a head adjacent to the other metal structure and away from the other The tail of a metal structure; the width of the metal structure varies between the head and the tail, so that the effective path of the current is increased, thereby reducing the size of the antenna and achieving miniaturization of the antenna.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of bandwidth of an antenna according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a radiation direction of an antenna according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an upper surface of a substrate of an antenna according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a lower surface of a substrate of an antenna according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication component according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a radiation direction of an antenna according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention after being affected by a metal component;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a radiation direction of an antenna in a communication component according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a partial structural schematic view of an unmanned aerial vehicle according to Embodiment 16 of the present invention.
  • a component when referred to as being "fixed” to another component, it can be directly on the other component or the component can be present. When a component is considered to "connect” another component, it can be directly connected to another component or possibly a central component.
  • Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides an antenna.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • the antenna structure provided by the first embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the structure shown in FIG. 1.
  • Figure 1 is only a schematic view of one of the structures.
  • the antenna 1 in this embodiment includes a substrate 11 and a dipole antenna provided on the upper surface of the substrate 11.
  • the dipole antenna comprises two metal structures 12 arranged symmetrically.
  • the metal structure 12 is an axisymmetric structure.
  • the metal structure 12 includes a head 121 proximate to another metal structure and a tail 122 remote from the other metal structure.
  • the width of the metal structure 12 varies between the head 121 and the tail 122, such as variable width, narrowing, and the like. Specifically, at least a section of the width between the head 121 and the tail 122 is less than or greater than the width of the head 121 and/or the tail 122.
  • at least one recessed portion 123 is disposed on at least one side between the head portion 121 and the tail portion 123.
  • wavy, toothed or other specially shaped depressions or projections may also be formed between the head 121 and the tail 122.
  • the substrate 11 in this embodiment is a printed circuit board (PCB) substrate, and the dipole antenna can be disposed on the upper surface of the substrate 11 by printing. Dipole antennas are used to transmit and receive signals at fixed frequencies.
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • the symmetrical arrangement of the two metal structures 12 included in the dipole antenna may be disposed with a preset distance, that is, the heads 121 of the two metal structures 12 are disposed with a preset distance.
  • the recessed portion 123 may be disposed on the upper side between the head portion 121 and the tail portion 122, or may be disposed on the lower side between the head portion 121 and the tail portion 122, or between the head portion 121 and the tail portion 122.
  • the upper side and the lower side are each provided with a recessed portion 123.
  • the number of the recesses 123 provided on at least one side is at least one, such as two, three, or the like.
  • the depressed portion 123 in each of the metal structures 12 is disposed on the lower side between the head portion 121 and the tail portion 122, and the number of the recessed portions 123 is one.
  • the angle formed between the bottom edge and the two side edges of the recessed portion 123 is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the bottom edge of the recessed portion 123 forms the same angle between the two sides, and is an acute angle, an obtuse angle or a right angle.
  • the angle formed between the bottom edge and the two sides of the recessed portion 123 is different.
  • the bottom edge of the recessed portion 123 may form a right angle with one side, and the angle formed by the other side is Obtuse angle.
  • the bottom edge of the recessed portion 123 may be close to the central axis of the metal structure 12 or may be away from the central axis of the metal structure 12, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the length and depth of the depressed portion 123 are not limited in this embodiment.
  • the bottom edge of the recess 123 is adjacent to the central axis of the metal structure 12.
  • the head 121 of the metal structure 12 may have an arrow shape, and the shape of the tail portion 122 of the metal structure 12 is an axisymmetric shape, such as a rectangular shape, an isosceles trapezoid, or the like.
  • the shape of the head 121 is an arrow shape. It can be understood that the two sides of the arrow may also be curved.
  • the head portion 121 of the metal structure 12 has a solid structure, and other portions except the head portion 121 may be solid structures or may be hollow structures, which are not limited in this embodiment.
  • the entire structure of the metal structure 12 can be a hollow structure.
  • the material used for the metal structure 12 may be a metal material such as copper or aluminum, or may be another metal capable of conducting electricity.
  • the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention is fixed on the upper surface of the substrate 11 and electrically connected to the substrate 11 and then connected to the external circuit.
  • a current flows through the two metal structures 12 of the antenna.
  • the current flowing through the two metal structures 12 is in the same direction, and most of the current flows along the edges of the metal structure 12. There is no current flowing through the metal structure 12 or only a weak current flows.
  • At least one recessed portion 123 is disposed on at least one side between the head portion 121 and the tail portion 122, so that the effective path of the current is increased, thereby reducing the size of the antenna and miniaturizing the antenna.
  • the antenna provided in this embodiment includes: a substrate 11 and a dipole antenna disposed on an upper surface of the substrate 11; the dipole antenna includes two metal structures 12 symmetrically disposed; and the metal structure 12 is a shaft pair
  • the metal structure 12 includes a head portion 121 adjacent to the other metal structure 12 and a tail portion 122 remote from the other metal structure 12; at least one recess portion 123 is disposed on at least one side between the head portion 121 and the tail portion 122.
  • Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides an antenna.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • the antenna structure provided by the second embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the structure shown in FIG. 2.
  • Figure 2 is only a schematic view of one of the structures. As shown in FIG. 2, this embodiment is based on the technical solution provided in Embodiment 1, and further includes the following features.
  • the recessed portion 123 in the antenna 1 is symmetrically disposed along both sides between the head portion 121 and the tail portion 122 of the metal structure 12, and at least one protrusion 124 is disposed on each side.
  • the protrusion 124 in the antenna is symmetrically disposed along both sides between the head 121 and the tail 122 of the metal structure 12, that is, between the head 121 and the tail 122 of the metal structure 12.
  • the upper side and the lower side are each provided with a projection 124, and the projections 124 provided on the upper side and the lower side are axially symmetrical, and the number of the projections 124 provided on each side is at least one. Since the two metal structures 12 of the dipole antenna are symmetrically disposed, and each of the metal structures 12 is also an axisymmetric structure, the antenna provided by the present embodiment is a completely symmetrical structure.
  • the protrusion 124 is symmetrically disposed along two sides between the head 121 and the tail portion 122 of the metal structure 12, and at least one is disposed on each side.
  • the convex symmetry on both sides not only further increases the effective path of the current, reduces the size of the antenna, but also makes the antenna completely symmetrical, and can maintain a better omnidirectional radiation effect.
  • the shape of the head 121 is an arrow shape. It can be understood that the two sides of the arrow may also be curved.
  • the antenna can achieve a better radiation effect by adjusting the length and height of the protrusions 124.
  • Embodiment 3 of the present invention provides an antenna.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, this embodiment is a technical solution provided in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2. Based on the further refinement of the antenna structure.
  • the antenna provided in this embodiment further includes the following features.
  • the bottom side of the recessed portion 123 is perpendicular to the two side edges.
  • the tail portion 122 has a rectangular shape, and the sides of the rectangle are perpendicular to the bottom edge of the recess portion 123.
  • the bottom edge of the recessed portion 123 is perpendicular to the two sides, and the angle formed by the bottom edge and the two sides of the recessed portion 123 is an obtuse angle, thereby further increasing the metal structure 12
  • the length of the edge is such that the bottom portion of the recess portion 123 is perpendicular to the two sides, and the tail portion 122 can be disposed in a rectangular shape so that the side of the rectangle is perpendicular to the bottom edge of the recess portion 123, thereby increasing the effective current flow.
  • the path further reduces the size of the antenna.
  • the tail portion 122 has a trapezoidal shape, and the upper bottom edge of the trapezoid is perpendicular to the bottom edge of the recess portion 123.
  • the tail portion 122 is disposed in a trapezoidal shape. Since the metal structure 12 is an axisymmetric mechanism, the tail portion 122 is an isosceles trapezoid, which is rectangular compared to the tail portion 122, further increasing the edge of the tail portion 122 of the metal structure 12. The length of the antenna further increases the effective path through which the current flows, further reducing the size of the antenna.
  • the bottom edge of the recessed portion 123 is close to the central axis of the metal structure 12.
  • the bottom edge of the recessed portion 123 is close to the central axis of the metal structure 12.
  • the head 121 of the metal structure 12 is made closer to the central axis than the bottom edge of the recessed portion 123.
  • the edge of the tail portion 122 is closer to the edge of the substrate 11, thereby lengthening the edge length of the head portion 121 and the tail portion 122, thereby increasing the effective path through which the current flows, and further reducing the size of the antenna.
  • Embodiment 4 of the present invention provides an antenna.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4, this embodiment is based on the technical solution provided in the second embodiment or the third embodiment, and further refines the antenna structure.
  • the antenna provided in this embodiment further includes the following features.
  • the head 121 has an arrow shape.
  • the line connecting the end point of the bottom side of the head 121 and the vertex of the head 121 is straight or curved.
  • the connecting line is recessed toward the center of the head 121, or the connecting line protrudes toward the outside of the head 121.
  • the head 121 is arranged in an arrow shape, and the end point of the bottom edge of the head 121 and the vertex of the head 121 are The connection is straight or curved, the connecting line is recessed toward the center of the head 121, or the connecting line protrudes toward the outside of the head 121, so as to control the inclination of the chamfer between the bottom and the side of the head 121, due to the adjustment of the chamfer
  • the tilt can adjust the matching of the antenna, and the matching of the antenna is closely related to the radiation effect.
  • the antenna matching is adjusted by controlling the inclination of the chamfer angle between the bottom side and the side of the head 121, so that the antenna is very Good matching, so that the radiation of the antenna can be evenly covered in the omnidirectional direction to achieve the best radiation effect.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of bandwidth of an antenna according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of radiation directions of an antenna according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • the bottom and sides of the head 121 are controlled.
  • the degree of tilt between the cut angles adjusts the matching of the antennas, so that the antenna can achieve a very good match, so that the radiation of the antenna can be uniformly covered in an omnidirectional manner to achieve the best radiation effect.
  • Embodiment 5 of the present invention provides an antenna. This embodiment is based on the technical solutions provided in any of the first embodiment to the fourth embodiment, and further refines the antenna structure.
  • the antenna provided in this embodiment further includes the following features.
  • the metal structure 12 is a hollow structure, and current flows along the edge of the metal structure 12.
  • the metal structure 12 since the current mainly flows along the edge of the metal structure 12, the metal structure 12 is disposed as a hollow structure, so that current flows along the edge of the metal structure 12, and the dipole printed on the substrate 11 can be saved.
  • the material of the sub-antenna reduces manufacturing costs and reduces the weight of the antenna.
  • Embodiment 6 of the present invention provides an antenna.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an upper surface of a substrate of an antenna according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a lower surface of a substrate of an antenna according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • this embodiment is a further refinement of the antenna structure based on the technical solutions provided in any of the first embodiment to the fifth embodiment.
  • the antenna provided in this embodiment further includes the following structure.
  • the antenna provided in this embodiment further includes a metal via 13 and a solder joint 14.
  • the metal via 13 is disposed under the head 121 and penetrates the substrate 11 to be connected to the solder joint 14 on the lower surface of the substrate 11.
  • the metal via 13 is disposed under the head 121 and penetrates the substrate 11.
  • the solder joint 14 is disposed at a position corresponding to the metal via 13 on the lower surface of the substrate 11, and the metal via 13 and the solder are provided.
  • the point 14 is electrically connected, and the dipole antenna is electrically connected to the solder joint 14 to electrically connect the antenna to the external circuit through the coaxial line.
  • the antenna provided in this embodiment further includes: a metal via 13 and a solder joint 14; the metal via 13 is disposed under the head 121 and penetrates the substrate 11, and the lower surface of the substrate 11 Solder joint 14 is connected.
  • the electrical connection between the antenna and the external circuit is simpler and easier, saving manufacturing costs.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication component according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
  • the communication component provided in this embodiment includes: a metal parasitic unit 2 and an antenna 1.
  • the antenna 1 includes a substrate 11 and a dipole antenna provided on the upper surface of the substrate 11.
  • the metal parasitic unit 2 is disposed within a predetermined distance from the antenna and is substantially the same as the extending direction of the antenna.
  • the substrate 11 is a printed circuit board substrate, and the dipole antenna can be disposed on the upper surface of the substrate 11 by printing. Dipole antennas are used to transmit and receive signals at fixed frequencies.
  • FIG. 10 is the present invention.
  • the radiation direction of the antenna provided by the sixth embodiment is affected by the metal component.
  • the antenna tongue pattern of the antenna of FIG. 10 has a large change compared with FIG. 6 due to the interference of the metal component. Its radiation direction is biased to the side of 180 degrees, and this side is also It is the side of the metal part.
  • the metal parasitic unit 2 is disposed within a predetermined distance from the antenna and is substantially the same as the extending direction of the antenna to adjust the influence of the metal component 3 around the antenna on the radiation direction of the antenna, so that the antenna obtains a better omnidirectional radiation effect. .
  • the metal parasitic unit 2 and the antenna 1 extend substantially in the same direction, that is, the metal parasitic unit 2 can be at an angle of a predetermined range with respect to the extending direction of the antenna or the metal parasitic unit 2 is parallel to the extending direction of the antenna.
  • the angle of the preset range may be within 10 degrees, within 15 degrees, or the like, or other suitable values, which are not limited in this embodiment.
  • the shape and size of the metal parasitic unit 2 are not limited, and the shape of the dipole antenna is not limited.
  • the radiation direction of the antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the distance of the metal parasitic element 2 from the antenna and the angle of the metal parasitic element 2 to the direction in which the antenna extends.
  • the adjusted distance is within a preset distance
  • the metal parasitic unit 2 and the extending direction of the antenna are adjusted when adjusting the angle of the metal parasitic unit 2 and the extending direction of the antenna. Roughly the same.
  • the communication component provided in this embodiment includes: a metal parasitic unit 2 and an antenna 1; the antenna 1 includes: a substrate 11; a dipole antenna disposed on an upper surface of the substrate 11; and the metal parasitic unit 2 is disposed at a distance
  • the antenna is within a predetermined distance and is substantially the same as the extending direction of the antenna.
  • the arrangement of the metal parasitic unit 2 can adjust the influence of the metal component 3 around the antenna on the radiation direction of the antenna, so that the antenna is better. Radiation effect.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a radiation direction of an antenna in a communication component according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, by setting a metal parasitic unit 2 within a preset distance from the antenna, and The antennas extend in substantially the same direction, enabling the antenna to achieve omnidirectional radiation.
  • the direction of the radiation is not very uniform, a better omnidirectional radiation effect can be obtained.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a communication component.
  • the communication component provided in this embodiment is a further refinement of the antenna structure in the communication component based on the technical solution provided in the seventh embodiment.
  • the communication component provided by this embodiment further includes the following features.
  • the dipole antenna includes two metal structures 12 symmetrically disposed; the metal structure 12 is an axisymmetric structure; and the metal structure 12 includes a head near the other metal structure 12. 121 and a tail 122 remote from the other metal structure 12; The width of the metal structure 12 varies between the head 121 and the tail 122.
  • at least one recessed portion 123 may be disposed on at least one side between the head portion 121 and the tail portion 123.
  • the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be seen in FIG. 1 .
  • the specific principles and implementations are similar to the first embodiment, and are not described here.
  • the dipole antenna includes two metal structures 12 symmetrically disposed; the metal structure 12 is an axisymmetric structure; and the metal structure 12 includes a metal structure close to another metal structure. a head 121 of 12 and a tail 122 remote from the other metal structure 12; the width of the metal structure 12 varies between the head 121 and the tail 122, such as at least one side between the head 121 and the tail 123 At least one recess 123 is provided.
  • the antenna is in operation, not only can the better omnidirectional radiation effect be achieved, but also the effective path of the current flowing through the antenna is increased, thereby reducing the size of the antenna and realizing the miniaturization of the antenna.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a communication component.
  • the communication component provided in this embodiment is a further refinement of the antenna structure in the communication component based on the technical solution provided in the seventh embodiment or the eighth embodiment.
  • the communication component provided by this embodiment further includes the following features.
  • the recessed portion 123 is symmetrically disposed along both sides between the head portion 121 and the tail portion 122 of the metal structure 12, and at least one recessed portion 123 is disposed on each side.
  • the antenna structure of the embodiment of the present invention can be seen in FIG. 2 .
  • the specific principles and implementations are similar to the second embodiment, and are not described here.
  • the communication component provided in this embodiment is based on the seventh embodiment or the eighth embodiment.
  • the protrusion 124 is symmetrically disposed along two sides between the head 121 and the tail portion 122 of the metal structure 12, and at least one side is disposed on each side.
  • a protrusion 124 makes the antenna of the communication component provided by the present embodiment a completely symmetrical structure, which further improves the omnidirectional radiation effect of the antenna.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a communication component.
  • the communication component provided in this embodiment is a further refinement of the antenna structure in the communication component based on the technical solution provided in the seventh embodiment or the eighth embodiment or the ninth embodiment.
  • the communication component provided by this embodiment further includes the following features.
  • the bottom side of the recessed portion 123 of the antenna is perpendicular to both side edges.
  • the tail portion 122 has a rectangular shape, and the sides of the rectangle are perpendicular to the bottom edge of the recess portion 123.
  • the tail portion 122 of the antenna has a trapezoidal shape, and the upper bottom edge of the trapezoid is perpendicular to the bottom edge of the recess portion 123.
  • the bottom edge of the recessed portion 123 of the antenna is close to the central axis of the metal structure 12.
  • the antenna structure of the communication component provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be seen in FIG. 3.
  • the specific principles and implementations are similar to the third embodiment, and are not described here.
  • the bottom edge of the recessed portion 123 is perpendicular to the two sides, and the tail portion 122 is rectangular, and the side of the rectangle is The bottom edge of the recessed portion 123 is vertical.
  • the tail portion 122 of the antenna is disposed in a trapezoidal shape, and the upper bottom edge of the trapezoid is perpendicular to the bottom edge of the recess portion 123.
  • the bottom edge of the recess 123 of the antenna is adjacent to the central axis of the metal structure 12.
  • the edge length of the metal structure 12 is further increased, thereby increasing the effective path through which the current flows, further reducing the size of the antenna, thereby reducing the size of the communication component and making the structure more compact.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a communication component.
  • the communication component provided in this embodiment is a further refinement of the antenna structure in the communication component based on the technical solutions provided in any of the eighth embodiment to the tenth embodiment.
  • the communication component provided by this embodiment further includes the following features.
  • the head 121 has an arrow shape.
  • the line connecting the end point of the bottom side of the head 121 and the vertex of the head 121 is straight or curved.
  • the connecting line is recessed toward the center of the head 121, or the connecting line protrudes toward the outside of the head 121.
  • the antenna structure of the communication component provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be seen in FIG. 4.
  • the specific principles and implementations are similar to the fourth embodiment, and are not described here.
  • the head 121 of the antenna is arranged in an arrow shape, and the connection between the end point of the bottom side of the head 121 and the vertex of the head 121 is straight or curved, and the connecting line is recessed toward the center of the head 121. Or the connecting line protrudes toward the outside of the head 121 by controlling the bottom and side of the head 121
  • the degree of tilt of the chamfer between the edges adjusts the matching of the antenna to optimize the radiation effect of the antenna.
  • the position of the metal parasitic unit 2 can be adjusted to offset the surrounding metal parts to the antenna 1
  • the effects of the radiation restore the antenna's radiation effect to its optimum state.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a communication component.
  • the communication component provided in this embodiment is a further refinement of the antenna structure in the communication component based on the technical solutions provided in any of the seventh embodiment to the eleventh embodiment.
  • the communication component provided by this embodiment further includes the following features.
  • the other part of the metal structure 12 of the antenna except the head 121 is a hollow structure, and current flows along the edge of the metal structure 12.
  • the communication component provided in this embodiment is based on any of the seventh embodiment to the eleventh embodiment, and other parts of the metal structure 12 of the antenna except the head 121 are used to increase the effective path through which the current flows, and The current mainly flows along the edge of the metal structure 12, so that other portions except the head portion 121 are provided as hollow structures, so that current flows along the edge of the metal structure 12, and the material of the dipole antenna printed on the substrate 11 can be saved. Reduce manufacturing costs and reduce the weight of the antenna.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a communication component.
  • the communication component provided in this embodiment is a further refinement of the antenna structure in the communication component based on the technical solutions provided in any of the seventh embodiment to the twelfth embodiment.
  • the communication component provided by this embodiment further includes the following features.
  • the antenna of the communication component provided in this embodiment further includes a metal via 13 and a solder joint.
  • the metal via 13 is disposed under the head 121 and penetrates the substrate 11 to be connected to the solder joint 14 on the lower surface of the substrate 11.
  • the metal via 13 of the antenna structure of the communication component provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be seen in FIG. 7.
  • the solder joint 14 of the antenna structure of the communication component provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be seen in FIG. 8.
  • the specific principles and implementation manners are similar to those in Embodiment 6, and are not described here.
  • the communication component provided in this embodiment further includes: a metal via 13 and a solder joint on the basis of any of the seventh embodiment to the twelfth embodiment; the metal via 13 is disposed under the head 121 And penetrating the substrate 11 to be connected to the solder joint 14 on the lower surface of the substrate 11. Make the antenna and the outside The electrical connection of the structure is simpler and easier, saving manufacturing costs.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a communication component.
  • the communication component provided in this embodiment is a further configuration of the metal parasitic element 2 in the communication component based on the technical solutions provided in any of the seventh embodiment to the thirteenth embodiment. Refined.
  • the communication component provided by this embodiment further includes the following features.
  • the placement direction of the metal parasitic unit 2 is parallel to the antenna.
  • the vertical distance between the metal parasitic unit 2 and the antenna is one tenth of the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the antenna.
  • the shape of the metal parasitic unit 2 is an elongated shape.
  • the effective length of the metal parasitic unit 2 is less than half the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the antenna.
  • the shape of the metal parasitic unit 2 is defined as an elongated shape, and the shape of the edge of the metal parasitic unit 2 is not limited.
  • the placement direction of the metal parasitic unit 2 is parallel to the antenna, and the vertical distance between the metal parasitic unit 2 and the antenna is one tenth of the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the antenna, and the metal can be avoided.
  • the parasitic element 2 forms a reflector that reduces the radiation of the antenna in the direction of the metal parasitic element 2.
  • the structure of the communication component can also be made more compact and simple.
  • adjusting the effective length and the effective width of the metal parasitic unit 2 so that the effective length of the metal parasitic unit 2 is smaller than the operating frequency of the antenna.
  • the width is adjusted according to the actual radiation effect of the antenna.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a communication component.
  • the communication component provided in this embodiment is further refined in the communication component based on the technical solutions provided in any of the seventh embodiment to the fourteenth embodiment.
  • the communication component provided by this embodiment further includes the following features.
  • the metal parasitic unit 2 is fixed by a support structure, and preferably, the support structure is a plastic support frame.
  • the metal parasitic unit 2 is fixed by the support structure, and the fixing manner is not limited.
  • the metal parasitic unit 2 and the supporting structure can be fixed by screwing or snapping.
  • the support structure is a plastic support frame, which can prevent the influence of the support structure on the radiation effect of the antenna.
  • FIG. 12 is a partial structural diagram of an unmanned aerial vehicle according to Embodiment 16 of the present invention.
  • the unmanned aerial vehicle provided in this embodiment includes: a fuselage, and a setting The metal component 3 on the body and the communication component as described in any of the seventh to fifth embodiments.
  • the metal part 3 is located on a portion of the body close to the communication component.
  • the metal component 3 is disposed in a portion close to the communication component. Specifically, the antenna of the communication component or the metal parasitic unit 2 is closer to the metal component 3, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the fuselage includes a body and/or a load carried by the body.
  • the metal component 3 is located on the body near the communication component, that is, the metal component 3 is the metal component 3 that affects the radiation effect of the antenna in the communication component, and the metal parasitic unit is adjusted. Adjusting the orientation of the antenna and/or the distance from the antenna, or after fixing the orientation of the metal parasitic unit 2 or the distance from the antenna, adjusting the effective length or effective width of the metal parasitic unit 2 to adjust the radiation effect of the antenna to make the antenna
  • the radiation effect is omnidirectional radiation and is optimal.
  • the unmanned aerial vehicle provided in this embodiment includes: a fuselage, a metal component 3 disposed on the fuselage, and the communication component according to any one of Embodiments 7 to 15 above.
  • the metal part 3 is located on a portion of the body close to the communication component.
  • the unmanned aerial vehicle provided in this embodiment includes an arm and a tripod connected to the arm at an angle, and the metal component 3 and the communication component are disposed on the tripod, and the other is disposed on the On the arm.
  • the metal part 3 is disposed on the arm, and the antenna of the communication component is disposed on the stand Adjacent to the side of the metal member 3, the metal parasitic unit 2 of the communication unit is disposed on a side of the stand away from the metal member 3.
  • the metal component 3 can be disposed on the tripod, and the communication component is disposed on the arm.
  • the metal component 3 can be disposed on the arm, and the communication component is disposed on the tripod, which can fix the distance and orientation of the metal component 3 and the communication component, and is convenient after the distance and orientation of the metal component 3 and the communication component are fixed.
  • the adjustment of the metal parasitic unit 2 makes it easier for the antenna to achieve the best radiation effect. Due to the influence of the metal member 3 on the radiation direction of the antenna, the radiation direction is biased toward one side of the metal member 3, so the metal member 3 is placed on the arm, and the antenna of the communication assembly is disposed on the stand near the metal member 3. On the side, the metal parasitic unit 2 of the communication component is disposed on a side of the tripod away from the metal component 3, which can effectively reduce the adjustment range of the metal parasitic unit 2, and more easily achieve an optimal radiation effect of the antenna.

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Abstract

一种天线。该天线包括：基板（11）、设置在所述基板（11）上表面的偶极子天线；所述偶极子天线包括对称设置的两金属结构（12）；所述金属结构（12）为轴对称结构；所述金属结构（12）包括靠近另一金属结构（12）的头部（121）以及远离所述另一金属结构的尾部（122）；所述金属结构（12）的宽度在头部（121）和尾部（122）之间有变化。金属结构（12）的宽度在头部（121）和尾部（122）之间的变化，使得电流的有效路径得以加大，从而缩小了天线的尺寸，实现了天线的小型化。

Description

天线、通信组件及无人飞行器 技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种天线、通信组件及无人飞行器。
背景技术
近年来，随着机器人、无人飞行器的崛起，天线是用来发射或接收电磁波的通信元件，被广泛应用在这些设备中，但这些设备空间的局限不仅对天线的尺寸有所要求，其特殊的应用环境也对天线的辐射方向有着较为特殊的要求。对于无人飞行器而言，希望天线的辐射能够全向均匀覆盖。
现有技术中的天线，并不能通过改变天线的结构的方式实现天线的小型化。或者只适用于移动终端，并不适用于机器人、无人飞行器等设备。
发明内容
第一方面，本发明实施例提供一种天线，包括：基板、设置在所述基板上表面的偶极子天线；
所述偶极子天线包括对称设置的两金属结构；所述金属结构为轴对称结构；
所述金属结构包括靠近另一金属结构的头部以及远离所述另一金属结构的尾部；所述金属结构的宽度在头部和尾部之间有变化。
第二方面，本发明实施例提供一种通信组件，包括：金属寄生单元及天线；
所述天线包括：基板、设置在所述基板上表面的偶极子天线；
所述金属寄生单元设置在距所述天线预设距离内，并和所述天线的延伸方向大致相同。
第三方面，本发明提供一种无人飞行器，包括：机身，设置于所述机身上的金属部件及如上所述的通信组件；
所述金属部件位于所述机身上靠近所述通信组件的部位。
本发明实施例提供的天线、通信组件及其无人飞行器。该天线包括：基板、设置在基板上表面的偶极子天线；偶极子天线包括对称设置的两金属结构；金属结构为轴对称结构；金属结构包括靠近另一金属结构的头部以及远离另一金属结构的尾部；金属结构的宽度在在头部和尾部之间有变化，使得电流的有效路径得以加大，从而缩小了天线的尺寸，实现了天线的小型化。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例一提供的天线的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例二提供的天线的结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例三提供的天线的结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例四提供的天线的结构示意图；
图5为本发明实施例五提供的天线的带宽示意图；
图6为本发明实施例五提供的天线的辐射方向示意图；
图7为本发明实施例六提供的天线的基板上表面的结构示意图；
图8为本发明实施例六提供的天线的基板下表面的结构示意图；
图9为本发明实施例七提供的通信组件的结构示意图；
图10为本发明实施例六提供的天线受金属部件影响后的辐射方向示意图；
图11为本发明实施例七提供的通信组件中的天线的辐射方向示意图；
图12为本发明实施例十六提供的无人飞行器的部分结构示意图；
附图标记：
1-天线 11-基板 12-金属结构 121-头部 122-尾部 123-凹陷部 124-凸起 13-金属过孔 14-焊点 2-金属寄生单元 3-金属部件
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是，当组件被称为“固定于”另一个组件，它可以直接在另一个组件上或者也可以存在居中的组件。当一个组件被认为是“连接”另一个组件，它可以是直接连接到另一个组件或者可能同时存在居中组件。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
下面结合附图，对本发明的一些实施方式作详细说明。在不冲突的情况下，下述的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
实施例一
本发明实施例一提供一种天线。图1为本发明实施例一提供的天线的结构示意图。本发明实施例一提供的天线结构并不限定于图1中所示的结构。图1只是其中一种结构的示意图。如图1所示，本实施例中的天线1包括：基板11、设置在所述基板11上表面的偶极子天线。
其中，偶极子天线包括对称设置的两金属结构12。所述金属结构12为轴对称结构。所述金属结构12包括靠近另一金属结构的头部121以及远离所述另一金属结构的尾部122。所述金属结构12的宽度在头部121和尾部122之间有变化，例如可变宽、变窄等。具体地，在所述头部121和尾部122之间至少有一段的宽度小于或大于所述头部121和/或尾部122的宽度。本实施例中，所述头部121和尾部123之间至少一侧设置有至少一个凹陷部123。
可以理解，也可在所述头部121和尾部122之间形成波浪形、齿状或其他特殊形状的凹陷或凸起。
具体地，本实施例中的基板11为印刷电路板(Printed circuit board，简称PCB)基板，偶极子天线可通过印刷的方式设置在基板11上表面。偶极子天线用来发射和接收固定频率的信号。
本实施例中，偶极子天线包括的对称设置的两金属结构12之间可以设置有预设距离，即两个金属结构12的头部121设置有预设距离。
本实施例中，凹陷部123可设置在头部121和尾部122之间的上侧，也可设置在头部121和尾部122之间的下侧，或在头部121和尾部122之间的 上侧和下侧均设置有凹陷部123。在至少一侧设置的凹陷部123数量至少一个，如可以为两个，三个等。如图1中，每个金属结构12中的凹陷部123设置在头部121和尾部122之间的下侧，凹陷部123的数量为一个。
其中，凹陷部123的底边与两侧边之间形成的角度本实施例中不做限定。如凹陷部123的底边与两侧边之间形成的角度相同，均为锐角、钝角或直角。或者凹陷部123的底边与两侧边之间形成的角度不同，如在图1中，凹陷部123的底边可以与一侧边形成的角度为直角，与另一侧边形成的角度为钝角。
本实施例中，凹陷部123的底边可以靠近金属结构12的中轴线，也可以远离金属结构12的中轴线，本实施例中对此不做限定。凹陷部123的长度和深度本实施例中也不做限定。如在图1中，凹陷部123的底边靠近金属结构12的中轴线。
本实施例中，金属结构12的头部121可以呈箭头状，金属结构12的尾部122的形状为轴对称的形状，如可以为矩形，等腰梯形等。
本实施例中，所述头部121的形状为箭头状，可以理解，所述箭头的两边也可以为曲线。
本实施例中，金属结构12的头部121为实心结构，除头部121外的其他部位可以为实心结构或者可以为镂空结构，本实施例中不做限定。
可以理解，该金属结构12的整个结构都可以为镂空结构。
本实施例中，金属结构12所用的材料可以为铜、铝等金属材料，也可以为其他能够导电的金属。
在实际应用中，本发明实施例提供的天线固定在基板11上表面并与基板11电连接后连接到外部电路中。天线1接收电磁波信号并转换为电信号传递到外部电路的过程中，或者将外部电路中的电信号转换为电磁波信号发送出去的过程中，在天线的两个金属结构12上有电流流过。流过两个金属结构12的电流方向一致，并且绝大部分电流沿金属结构12的边缘流动。金属结构12中间无电流流过或仅仅有较弱电流流过。由于本实施例提供的天线，在头部121和尾部122之间至少一侧设置有至少一个凹陷部123，使得电流的有效路径得以加大，从而缩小了天线的尺寸，实现了天线的小型化。
所以本实施例提供的天线，包括：基板11、设置在基板11上表面的偶极子天线；偶极子天线包括对称设置的两金属结构12；金属结构12为轴对 称结构；金属结构12包括靠近另一金属结构12的头部121以及远离另一金属结构12的尾部122；在头部121和尾部122之间至少一侧设置有至少一个凹陷部123。使天线在工作时，流过天线的电流的有效路径增大，从而缩小了天线的尺寸，实现了天线的小型化。
实施例二
本发明实施例二提供一种天线。图2为本发明实施例二提供的天线的结构示意图。本发明实施例二提供的天线结构并不限定于图2中所示的结构。图2只是其中一种结构的示意图。如图2所示，本实施例是在实施例一提供的技术方案的基础上，还包括以下特征。
进一步地，本实施例中，天线1中的凹陷部123沿所述金属结构12的头部121和尾部122之间的两侧对称设置，且每侧设置有至少一个凸起124。
具体地，在本实施例中，天线中的凸起124沿所述金属结构12的头部121和尾部122之间的两侧对称设置，即在金属结构12的头部121和尾部122之间的上侧和下侧均设置有凸起124，且上侧和下侧设置的凸起124沿轴对称，而且在每侧设置的凸起124数量至少为一个。由于偶极子天线的两个金属结构12对称设置，每个金属结构12也为轴对称结构，所以本实施提供的天线为一个完全对称结构。
由于天线是否对称对天线的辐射效果有较大影响，天线的结构越对称，越能达到全向均匀的辐射效果。本实施例提供的天线，凸起124沿所述金属结构12的头部121和尾部122之间的两侧对称设置，且每侧设置有至少一个。两侧凸起对称设置不仅进一步增加了电流的有效路径，减小了天线的尺寸，而且使天线完全对称，能够保持较佳的全向辐射效果。
本实施例中，所述头部121的形状为箭头状，可以理解，所述箭头的两边也可以为曲线。
本实施例中，可通过调节凸起124的长度和高度，使天线达到更好的辐射效果。
实施例三
本发明实施例三提供一种天线。图3为本发明实施例三提供的天线的结构示意图。如图3所示，本实施例是在实施例一或实施例二提供的技术方案 的基础上，对天线结构的进一步细化。则本实施例提供的天线，还包括以下特征。
进一步地，本实施例中，凹陷部123的底边与两侧边分别垂直。尾部122呈矩形，所述矩形的侧边与所述凹陷部123的底边垂直。
具体地，本实施例中，设置凹陷部123的底边与两侧边分别垂直，相较于凹陷部123的底边与两侧边形成的角度为钝角情况，进一步加大了金属结构12的边缘长度，对于凹陷部123的底边与两侧边分别垂直的情况，可将尾部122设置为矩形，使矩形的侧边与凹陷部123的底边垂直，从而加大了电流流过的有效路径，使天线的尺寸进一步减小。
优选地，本实施例中，尾部122呈梯形，所述梯形的上底边与所述凹陷部123的底边垂直。
具体地，本实施例中，将尾部122设置为梯形，由于金属结构12为轴对称机构，所以该尾部122呈等腰梯形，相较于尾部122呈矩形，进一步增加了金属结构12尾部122边缘的长度，所以进一步加大了电流流过的有效路径，使天线的尺寸进一步减小。
进一步地，本实施例中，凹陷部123的底边靠近所述金属结构12的中轴线。
本实施例中，凹陷部123的底边靠近金属结构12的中轴线，当基板11的大小相同时，相较于凹陷部123的底边远离中轴线的情况，使金属结构12的头部121和尾部122的边缘更能靠近基板11边缘，从而加长了头部121和尾部122的边缘长度，进而加大了电流流过的有效路径，使天线的尺寸进一步减小。
本发明实施例四提供一种天线。图4为本发明实施例四提供的天线的结构示意图。如图4所示，本实施例是在实施例二或实施例三提供的技术方案的基础上，对天线结构的进一步细化。则本实施例提供的天线，还包括以下特征。
进一步地，本实施例提供的天线，头部121呈箭头状。头部121的底边的端点与所述头部121的顶点之间的连接线呈直线或曲线。
可选地，连接线朝向所述头部121中心凹陷，或者连接线朝向所述头部121外侧凸出。
具体地，由于实施例二或实施例三提供的天线具有对称性，能够达到较好的辐射效果。本实施例在实施例二或实施例三的基础上，为了使天线的辐射效果达到最佳，将头部121设置为箭头状，头部121的底边的端点与头部121顶点之间的连接呈直线或曲线，连接线朝向头部121中心凹陷，或者连接线朝向头部121外侧凸出，便于控制头部121底边与侧边之间的切角的倾斜度，由于调整切角的倾斜度能够调整天线的匹配，天线的匹配与辐射效果密切相关。
所以，本实施例中，在天线的金属结构的其他部位的尺寸和形状确定后，通过控制头部121底边和侧边之间的切角的倾斜程度来调整天线的匹配，使天线达到非常良好的匹配，进而使天线的辐射能够全向均匀覆盖，达到最佳的辐射效果。
图5为本发明实施例五提供的天线的带宽示意图，图6为本发明实施例五提供的天线的辐射方向示意图，如图5和图6所示，通过控制头部121底边和侧边之间的切角的倾斜程度来调整天线的匹配，使天线的能够达到非常良好的匹配，使天线的辐射能够全向均匀覆盖，达到最佳的辐射效果。
实施例五
本发明实施例五提供一种天线。本实施例是在实施例一至实施例四任意实施例提供的技术方案的基础上，对天线结构的进一步细化。则本实施例提供的天线，还包括以下特征。
进一步地，本实施例中，金属结构12为镂空结构，电流沿所述金属结构12的边缘流动。
具体地，本实施例中，由于电流主要沿金属结构12的边缘流动，所以将该金属结构12设置为镂空结构，使电流沿金属结构12的边缘流动，可节省印刷在基板11上的偶极子天线的材料，减少了制造成本以及减小了天线的重量。
实施例六
本发明实施例六提供一种天线。图7为本发明实施例六提供的天线的基板上表面的结构示意图。图8为本发明实施例六提供的天线的基板下表面的结构示意图。如图7和图8所示，本实施例是在实施例一至实施例五任意实施例提供的技术方案的基础上，对天线结构的进一步细化。则本实施例提供的天线，还包括以下结构。
进一步地，本实施例中提供的天线，还包括金属过孔13及焊点14。
所述金属过孔13设置在所述头部121下方并穿透所述基板11，与所述基板11下表面的焊点14连接。
具体地，本实施例中，将金属过孔13设置在头部121下方并穿透基板11，在基板11下表面与金属过孔13对应的位置设置焊点14，将金属过孔13和焊点14进行电连接，进而将偶极子天线与焊点14进行电连接，以将天线通过同轴线与外部电路进行电连接。
本实施例中提供的天线，还包括：金属过孔13及焊点14；所述金属过孔13设置在所述头部121下方并穿透所述基板11，与所述基板11下表面的焊点14连接。使天线与外部电路的电连接更简单易行，节省制造成本。
实施例七
本发明实施例提供一种通信组件，图9为本发明实施例七提供的通信组件的结构示意图，如图9所示，本实施例提供的通信组件包括：金属寄生单元2及天线1。
其中，天线1包括：基板11、设置在所述基板11上表面的偶极子天线。金属寄生单元2设置在距所述天线预设距离内，并和所述天线的延伸方向大致相同。
本实施例中，基板11为印刷电路板基板，偶极子天线可通过印刷的方式设置在基板11上表面。偶极子天线用来发射和接收固定频率的信号。
由于在实际应用中，天线会设置在机器人、无人飞行器等设备中，在这些设备中不可避免的包括金属部件，使天线的辐射方向图会受到不同程度的干扰和影响，图10为本发明实施例六提供的天线受金属部件影响后的辐射方向示意图，如图6和10所示，由于金属部件的干扰，图10中的天线的鼓舌方向图相较于图6有较大变化，其辐射方向偏向180度的一侧，而这一侧也 即为金属部件的一侧。所以将金属寄生单元2设置在距天线预设距离内，并和天线的延伸方向大致相同，来调整天线周围的金属部件3对天线的辐射方向的影响，使天线获得较佳的全向辐射效果。
本实施例中，金属寄生单元2和所述天线1的延伸方向大致相同即金属寄生单元2可与天线的延伸方向呈预设范围的角度或金属寄生单元2与天线的延伸方向平行。其中，预设范围的角度可以为10度以内，15度以内等，或者为其他适宜的数值，对此本实施例中不做限定。
本实施例中，对金属寄生单元2的形状和尺寸不做限定，对偶极子天线的形状也不做限定。可通过调整金属寄生单元2距所述天线的距离，以及金属寄生单元2与天线的延伸方向的角度来调整天线的辐射方向。在调整金属寄生单元2距所述天线1的距离时，使调整的距离在预设距离内，在调整金属寄生单元2与天线的延伸方向的角度时，使金属寄生单元2与天线的延伸方向大致相同。
本实施例提供的通信组件，包括：金属寄生单元2及天线1；所述天线1包括：基板11、设置在所述基板11上表面的偶极子天线；所述金属寄生单元2设置在距所述天线预设距离内，并和所述天线的延伸方向大致相同，通过金属寄生单元2的设置，可调整天线周围的金属部件3对天线的辐射方向的影响，使天线获得较佳的全向辐射效果。
图11为本发明实施例七提供的通信组件中的天线的辐射方向示意图，如图10和图11所示，通过将金属寄生单元2设置在距所述天线预设距离内，并和所述天线的延伸方向大致相同，使天线能够达到全向辐射，虽然辐射的方向不是很均匀，但也能获得较佳的全向辐射效果。
实施例八
本发明实施例提供一种通信组件，本实施例提供的通信组件是在实施例七提供的技术方案的基础上，对通信组件中的天线结构的进一步细化。则本实施例提供的通信组件，还包括以下特征。
进一步地，本实施例提供的通信组件中，偶极子天线包括对称设置的两金属结构12；所述金属结构12为轴对称结构；所述金属结构12包括靠近另一金属结构12的头部121以及远离所述另一金属结构12的尾部122；所述 金属结构12的宽度在头部121和尾部122之间有变化。例如，可在所述头部121和尾部123之间至少一侧设置有至少一个凹陷部123。
本发明实施例提供的天线结构可以参见图1。其具体原理和实现方式均与实施例一类似，此处不再赘述。
本实施例提供的通信组件，在实施例七的基础上，偶极子天线包括对称设置的两金属结构12；所述金属结构12为轴对称结构；所述金属结构12包括靠近另一金属结构12的头部121以及远离所述另一金属结构12的尾部122；所述金属结构12的宽度在头部121和尾部122之间有变化，如在头部121和尾部123之间至少一侧设置有至少一个凹陷部123。使天线在工作时，不仅能够达到较佳的全向辐射效果，而且加大了流过天线的电流的有效路径，从而缩小了天线的尺寸，实现了天线的小型化。
实施例九
本发明实施例提供一种通信组件，本实施例提供的通信组件是在实施例七或实施例八提供的技术方案的基础上，对通信组件中的天线结构的进一步细化。则本实施例提供的通信组件，还包括以下特征。
进一步地，本实施例提供的通信组件的天线中，凹陷部123沿所述金属结构12的头部121和尾部122之间的两侧对称设置，且每侧设置有至少一个凹陷部123。
本发明实施例提供天线结构可以参见图2。其具体原理和实现方式均与实施例二类似，此处不再赘述。
本实施例提供的通信组件，在实施例七或实施例八的基础上，凸起124沿所述金属结构12的头部121和尾部122之间的两侧对称设置，且每侧设置有至少一个凸起124，使本实施提供的通信组件的天线为一个完全对称结构，进一步改善了天线的全向辐射效果。
实施例十
本发明实施例提供一种通信组件，本实施例提供的通信组件是在实施例七或实施例八或实施例九提供的技术方案的基础上，对通信组件中的天线结构的进一步细化。则本实施例提供的通信组件，还包括以下特征。
本实施例可参考图3，进一步地，本实施例提供的通信组件的天线中， 天线的凹陷部123的底边与两侧边分别垂直。尾部122呈矩形，所述矩形的侧边与所述凹陷部123的底边垂直。
优选地，本实施例中，天线的尾部122呈梯形，所述梯形的上底边与所述凹陷部123的底边垂直。
进一步地，本实施例中，天线的凹陷部123的底边靠近所述金属结构12的中轴线。
本发明实施例提供的通信组件的天线结构可以参见图3。其具体原理和实现方式均与实施例三类似，此处不再赘述。
本实施例提供的通信组件，在实施例七或实施例八或实施例九的基础上，设置凹陷部123的底边与两侧边分别垂直，尾部122呈矩形，所述矩形的侧边与所述凹陷部123的底边垂直。优选地，设置天线的尾部122呈梯形，所述梯形的上底边与所述凹陷部123的底边垂直。天线的凹陷部123的底边靠近所述金属结构12的中轴线。进一步加大了金属结构12的边缘长度，从而加大了电流流过的有效路径，使天线的尺寸进一步减小，进而使通信组件的尺寸减小，结构更加紧凑。
实施例十一
本发明实施例提供一种通信组件，本实施例提供的通信组件是在实施例八至实施例十任意实施例提供的技术方案的基础上，对通信组件中的天线结构的进一步细化。则本实施例提供的通信组件，还包括以下特征。
进一步地，本实施例提供的通信组件中的天线，头部121呈箭头状。头部121的底边的端点与所述头部121的顶点之间的连接线呈直线或曲线。
可选地，连接线朝向所述头部121中心凹陷，或者连接线朝向所述头部121外侧凸出。
本发明实施例提供的通信组件的天线结构可以参见图4。其具体原理和实现方式均与实施例四类似，此处不再赘述。
本实施例提供的通信组件，将天线的头部121设置为箭头状，头部121的底边的端点与头部121顶点之间的连接呈直线或曲线，连接线朝向头部121中心凹陷，或者连接线朝向头部121外侧凸出，通过控制头部121底边和侧 边之间的切角的倾斜程度来调整天线的匹配，使天线的辐射效果达到最佳，在天线周围有其他金属部件时，通过调整金属寄生单元2的位置，可抵消周围金属部件对天线1的辐射的影响，使天线的辐射效果恢复到最佳状态。
实施例十二
本发明实施例提供一种通信组件，本实施例提供的通信组件是在实施例七至实施例十一任意实施例提供的技术方案的基础上，对通信组件中的天线结构的进一步细化。则本实施例提供的通信组件，还包括以下特征。
进一步地，本实施例提供的通信组件中，天线的金属结构12中除头部121外的其他部位为镂空结构，电流沿所述金属结构12的边缘流动。
本实施例提供的通信组件，在实施例七至实施例十一任意实施例的基础上，天线的金属结构12中除头部121外的其他部位用于增加电流流过的有效路径，又由于电流主要沿金属结构12的边缘流动，所以将除头部121外的其他部位设置为镂空结构，使电流沿金属结构12的边缘流动，可节省印刷在基板11上的偶极子天线的材料，减少了制造成本并减小了天线的重量。
实施例十三
本发明实施例提供一种通信组件，本实施例提供的通信组件是在实施例七至实施例十二任意实施例提供的技术方案的基础上，对通信组件中的天线结构的进一步细化。则本实施例提供的通信组件，还包括以下特征。
进一步地，本实施例中提供的通信组件的天线，还包括金属过孔13及焊点。
其中，所述金属过孔13设置在所述头部121下方并穿透所述基板11，与所述基板11下表面的焊点14连接。
本发明实施例提供的通信组件的天线结构的金属过孔13可以参见图7，本发明实施例提供的通信组件的天线结构的焊点14可以参见图8。其具体原理和实现方式均与实施例六类似，此处不再赘述。
本实施例中提供的通信组件，在实施例七至实施例十二任意实施例的基础上，还包括：金属过孔13及焊点；所述金属过孔13设置在所述头部121下方并穿透所述基板11，与所述基板11下表面的焊点14连接。使天线与外 部结构的电连接更简单易行，节省制造成本。
实施例十四
本发明实施例提供一种通信组件，本实施例提供的通信组件是在实施例七至实施例十三任意实施例提供的技术方案的基础上，对通信组件中的金属寄生单元2结构的进一步细化。则本实施例提供的通信组件，还包括以下特征。
进一步地，本实施例提供的通信组件中，金属寄生单元2的放置方向与所述天线平行。金属寄生单元2与所述天线的垂直距离为所述天线的工作频率对应波长的十分之一。
优选地，金属寄生单元2的形状为长条形。金属寄生单元2的有效长度小于所述天线的工作频率对应的波长的一半。
本实施例中，仅限定金属寄生单元2的形状为长条形，对金属寄生单元2的边缘形状不做限定。
具体地，本实施例中，金属寄生单元2的放置方向与所述天线平行，金属寄生单元2与所述天线的垂直距离为所述天线的工作频率对应波长的十分之一，可避免金属寄生单元2形成一个反射器，降低天线在金属寄生单元2方向的辐射。也可使该通信组件的结构更加紧凑简单。在实际应用中，确定金属寄生单元2的放置的方位和与天线的距离后，调整金属寄生单元2的有效长度和有效宽度，使金属寄生单元2的有效长度小于所述天线的工作频率对应的波长的一半，宽度根据天线的实际辐射效果进行调整，通过对金属寄生单元2的有效长度和宽度的调整，抵消天线周围的金属部件3对天线辐射的影响，使天线的辐射效果达到最佳。
实施例十五
本发明实施例提供一种通信组件，本实施例提供的通信组件是在实施例七至实施例十四任意实施例提供的技术方案的基础上，对通信组件中的进一步细化。则本实施例提供的通信组件，还包括以下特征。
进一步地，本实施例的通信组件中，金属寄生单元2通过支撑结构进行固定，优选地，支撑结构为塑料支撑架。
具体地，本实施例中，金属寄生单元2通过支撑结构进行固定，固定方式不做限定，如可通过螺接、卡接等方式将金属寄生单元2与支撑结构进行固定。该支撑结构为塑料支撑架，可防止该支撑结构对天线辐射效果的影响。
实施例十六
本发明实施例提供一种无人飞行器，图12为本发明实施例十六提供的无人飞行器的部分结构示意图，如图12所示，本实施例提供的无人飞行器包括：机身，设置于所述机身上的金属部件3及如上实施例七至实施例十五任一所述的通信组件。
其中，金属部件3位于所述机身上靠近所述通信组件的部位。
本实施例中，金属部件3设置在靠近通信组件的部位，具体是通信组件的天线还是金属寄生单元2更靠近金属部件3，本实施例中不做限定。
本实施例中，机身包括机体和/或由机体承载的负载。
具体地，本实施例中，金属部件3位于机身上靠近通信组件的部位，即该金属部件3即为对通信组件中的天线的辐射效果造成影响的金属部件3，则通过调整金属寄生单元2的设置方位和/或与天线的距离，或在金属寄生单元2的设置方位或与天线的距离固定后，调整金属寄生单元2的有效长度或有效宽度，来调整天线的辐射效果，使天线的辐射效果为全向辐射并达到最佳。
本实施例中，本发明实施例提供的无人飞行器的通信组件的具体原理和实现方式均与实施例七至实施例十五中的任意一个类似，此处不再赘述。
本实施例提供的无人飞行器，包括：机身，设置于所述机身上的金属部件3及如上实施例七至实施例十五任一所述的通信组件。其中，金属部件3位于所述机身上靠近所述通信组件的部位。通过对通信组件中金属寄生单元2的调整，能够使天线达到全向辐射，并使辐射的效果达到最佳。
进一步地，本实施例提供的无人飞行器，包括机臂及和所述机臂呈一定角度连接的脚架，所述金属部件3和所述通信组件一个设置在脚架上，另一个设置在机臂上。
优选地，金属部件3设置在机臂上，所述通信组件的天线设置在脚架上 靠近所述金属部件3的一侧，所述通信组件的金属寄生单元2设置于脚架上远离所述金属部件3的一侧。
具体地，本实施例中，利用无人飞行器的连接结构，可将金属部件3设置在脚架上，将通信组件设置在机臂上。或者可将金属部件3设置在机臂上，将通信组件设置在脚架上，能够使金属部件3和通信组件的距离和方位固定，在金属部件3和通信组件的距离和方位固定后，便于对金属寄生单元2的调整，使天线更容易达到最佳的辐射效果。由于金属部件3对天线辐射方向的影响，使辐射方向偏向金属部件3的一侧，所以将金属部件3设置在机臂上，通信组件的天线设置在脚架上靠近所述金属部件3的一侧，所述通信组件的金属寄生单元2设置于脚架上远离所述金属部件3的一侧后，能够有效减少金属寄生单元2的调整范围，更易使天线达到最佳的辐射效果。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (26)

  1. 一种天线，其特征在于，包括：基板、设置在所述基板上表面的偶极子天线；
    所述偶极子天线包括对称设置的两金属结构；所述金属结构为轴对称结构；
    所述金属结构包括靠近另一金属结构的头部以及远离所述另一金属结构的尾部；所述金属结构的宽度在头部和尾部之间有变化。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其特征在于，所述金属结构的头部和尾部之间至少有一段的宽度小于或大于所述头部和/或尾部的宽度。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的天线，其特征在于，所述金属结构的头部和尾部之间至少一侧设置有至少一个凹陷部。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的天线，其特征在于，所述凹陷部沿所述金属结构的头部和尾部之间的两侧对称设置，且每侧设置有至少一个凹陷部。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的天线，其特征在于，所述凹陷部的底边与两侧边分别垂直。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的天线，其特征在于，所述凹陷部的底边靠近所述金属结构的中轴线。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的天线，其特征在于，所述头部呈箭头状。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的天线，其特征在于，所述头部的底边的端点与所述头部的顶点之间的连接线呈直线或曲线。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的天线，其特征在于，所述连接线朝向所述头部中心凹陷。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的天线，其特征在于，所述连接线朝向所述头部外侧凸出。
  11. 根据权利要求6-10任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述尾部呈矩形，所述矩形的侧边与所述凹陷部的底边垂直。
  12. 根据权利要求6-10任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述尾部呈梯形，所述梯形的上底边与所述凹陷部的底边垂直。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的天线，其特征在于，所述金属结构为镂空结构，电流沿所述金属结构的边缘流动。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的天线，其特征在于，还包括：金属过孔及焊点；
    所述金属过孔设置在所述头部下方并穿透所述基板，与所述基板下表面的焊点连接。
  15. 一种通信组件，其特征在于，包括：金属寄生单元及天线；
    所述天线包括：基板、设置在所述基板上表面的偶极子天线；
    所述金属寄生单元设置在距所述天线预设距离内，并和所述天线的延伸方向大致相同。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的通信组件，其特征在于，
    所述天线的结构如权利要求1-14任一项所述。
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的通信组件，其特征在于，所述金属寄生单元的放置方向与所述天线平行。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的通信组件，其特征在于，所述金属寄生单元与所述天线的垂直距离为所述天线的工作频率对应波长的十分之一。
  19. 根据权利要求17或18所述的通信组件，其特征在于，所述金属寄生单元的形状为长条形。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的通信组件，其特征在于，所述金属寄生单元的有效长度小于所述天线的工作频率对应的波长的一半。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的通信组件，其特征在于，所述金属寄生单元通过支撑结构进行固定。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的通信组件，其特征在于，所述支撑结构为塑料支撑架。
  23. 一种无人飞行器，其特征在于，包括：机身，设置于所述机身上的金属部件及如权利要求15-22任一项所述的通信组件；
    所述金属部件位于所述机身上靠近所述通信组件的部位。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的飞行器，其特征在于，所述飞行器包括机臂及和所述机臂呈一定角度连接的脚架，所述金属部件和所述通信组件一个设置在脚架上，另一个设置在机臂上。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的无人飞行器，其特征在于，所述金属部件设置在机臂上，所述通信组件的天线设置在脚架上靠近所述金属部件的一侧，所述通信组件的金属寄生单元设置于脚架上远离所述金属部件的一侧。
  26. 根据权利要求23所述的飞行器，其特征在于，所述机身包括机体和/或由所述机体承载的负载。
PCT/CN2016/078362 2016-04-01 2016-04-01 天线、通信组件及无人飞行器 Ceased WO2017166307A1 (zh)

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