WO2017164029A1 - Electronic switch device and electronic switch system - Google Patents

Electronic switch device and electronic switch system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017164029A1
WO2017164029A1 PCT/JP2017/010338 JP2017010338W WO2017164029A1 WO 2017164029 A1 WO2017164029 A1 WO 2017164029A1 JP 2017010338 W JP2017010338 W JP 2017010338W WO 2017164029 A1 WO2017164029 A1 WO 2017164029A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
unit
power supply
switch
electronic switch
voltage
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PCT/JP2017/010338
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
賢吾 宮本
後藤　潔
智裕 三宅
Original Assignee
パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社
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Publication of WO2017164029A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017164029A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V8/00—Prospecting or detecting by optical means
    • G01V8/10—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers
    • G01V8/12—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers using one transmitter and one receiver
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F3/00—Non-retroactive systems for regulating electric variables by using an uncontrolled element, or an uncontrolled combination of elements, such element or such combination having self-regulating properties
    • G05F3/02—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F3/08—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is dc
    • G05F3/10—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is dc using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics
    • G05F3/16—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is dc using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics being semiconductor devices
    • G05F3/18—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is dc using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics being semiconductor devices using Zener diodes

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to an electronic switch device and an electronic switch system, and more particularly to an electronic switch device and an electronic switch system including a switch unit that is electrically connected between an AC power supply and a load.
  • an electronic switch device (automatic switch with a heat ray sensor) that detects a heat ray radiated from a human body and turns on / off a load is known (for example, see Patent Document 1).
  • the electronic switch device described in Patent Document 1 includes a load control circuit having a primary winding of a current transformer, a full-wave rectifier, and a bidirectional thyristor that controls on / off of power supply to a load between connection terminals. Are connected in series.
  • a power supply circuit is connected between the DC output terminals of the full-wave rectifier.
  • the power supply circuit supplies power to a constant voltage circuit that generates a control power supply (operation power supply) for a control IC (Integrated Circuit) when the load is not energized.
  • the auxiliary power supply circuit supplies power to the constant voltage circuit by the current flowing through the secondary winding of the current transformer.
  • Patent Document 1 has a problem that it is difficult to reduce the size because a current transformer is required to secure a control power supply when a load is energized.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above reasons, and an object thereof is to provide an electronic switch device and an electronic switch system that can be miniaturized.
  • An electronic switch device includes a switch unit, a power supply unit, a control unit, and a power feeding circuit.
  • the switch unit is electrically connected between an AC power source and a load, and switches between conduction and non-conduction between the AC power source and the load.
  • the power supply unit is electrically connected between both ends of the switch unit, and generates a control voltage by power supplied from the AC power supply.
  • the control unit operates by receiving the control voltage from the power supply unit, and controls the switch unit.
  • the power feeding circuit is electrically connected between both ends of the switch unit, and serves as a single path for the supplied power between the switch unit and the power supply unit.
  • the power supply circuit is configured to supply the supply power to the power supply unit when the magnitude of the voltage between the both ends of the switch unit exceeds a predetermined value.
  • An electronic switch system includes a plurality of the electronic switch devices, and the plurality of switch units included in the plurality of electronic switch devices are electrically connected in parallel between an AC power supply and a load. .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram showing a configuration of an electronic switch device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram showing the configuration of the electronic switch system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a power generation block of the above electronic switch device.
  • FIG. 4 is a timing chart showing the operation of the above electronic switch system.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram showing a configuration of an electronic switch system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram showing the configuration of the electronic switch device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the electronic switch devices 1 ⁇ / b> A and 1 ⁇ / b> B according to the first embodiment are electrically connected between an AC power supply 11 and a load 12, and are energized from the AC power supply 11 to the load 12. Is a wiring device for switching between.
  • the electronic switch devices 1A and 1B are attached to a wall of a house, for example.
  • the AC power supply 11 is, for example, a single-phase 100 [V], 60 [Hz] commercial power supply.
  • the load 12 is, for example, a lighting device including a light source having an LED (Light Emitting Diode) and a lighting circuit that turns on the light source. In the load 12, the light source is turned on when power is supplied from the AC power supply 11.
  • the electronic switch system 10 is configured by two electronic switch devices 1A and 1B. That is, the electronic switch system 10 includes a plurality (here, two) of electronic switch devices 1A and 1B.
  • the two electronic switch devices 1A and 1B adopt a common configuration.
  • each of the two electronic switch devices 1A and 1B is referred to as an “electronic switch device 1”.
  • the electronic switch device 1 includes a switch unit Q1 including a semiconductor switch such as a bidirectional thyristor and a transistor.
  • the electronic switch device 1 electronically switches between conduction and non-conduction between the AC power supply 11 and the load 12 by electronically controlling the switch unit Q1.
  • the electronic switch device 1 is a so-called three-way switch that can connect three wires.
  • the electronic switch device 1 includes three connection terminals 101, 102, and 103. Therefore, in the electronic switch system 10 in which the two electronic switch devices 1A and 1B are combined, it is possible to switch the energization state to the load 12 at, for example, two places, the upper floor portion and the lower floor portion of the stairs in the building. is there.
  • connection terminal 101 of the electronic switch device 1 ⁇ / b> A (hereinafter also referred to as “first electronic switch device 1 ⁇ / b> A”) is connected to the load 12.
  • a connection terminal 101 of the electronic switch device 1 ⁇ / b> B (hereinafter also referred to as “second electronic switch device 1 ⁇ / b> B”) is connected to the AC power supply 11.
  • the connection terminal 102 of the electronic switch device 1A is connected to the connection terminal 103 of the electronic switch device 1B.
  • the connection terminal 103 of the electronic switch device 1A is connected to the connection terminal 102 of the electronic switch device 1B.
  • the connection terminal 101 and the connection terminal 102 are connected inside the electronic switch device 1.
  • each electronic switch device 1 the switch part Q 1 is connected between the connection terminal 101 and the connection terminal 103. Therefore, in each electronic switch device 1, in a state where the switch portion Q1 is conductive (ON), the connection terminal 101, the connection terminal 102, and the connection terminal 103 are electrically connected via the switch portion Q1. Further, in each electronic switch device 1, the connection terminal 101, the connection terminal 102, and the connection terminal 103 are non-conductive when the switch portion Q ⁇ b> 1 is non-conductive (off).
  • the plurality of switch parts Q1 provided in each of the plurality (two in this case) of electronic switch devices 1A and 1B are electrically connected in parallel between the AC power supply 11 and the load 12. Therefore, in the electronic switch system 10, if one of the switch portions Q1 of the two electronic switch devices 1A and 1B is conductive, the AC power supply 11 and the load 12 are conductive, and the two electronic switch devices 1A, 1A, Power is supplied from the AC power supply 11 to the load 12 via 1B. Therefore, in the electronic switch system 10, it is possible to switch the energization state to the load 12 in both the switch unit Q1 of the electronic switch device 1A and the switch unit Q1 of the electronic switch device 1B.
  • the electronic switch device 1 includes a rectifier 2 and a circuit unit 3 in addition to the switch unit Q1 and the three connection terminals 101, 102, and 103, as shown in FIG.
  • the switch part Q1, the three connection terminals 101, 102, 103, the rectifier 2 and the circuit part 3 are housed in one housing, and the housing is fixed to a wall or the like, whereby the electronic switch device 1 Is attached to a wall or the like.
  • the switch unit Q1 is electrically connected between the AC power supply 11 and the load 12, and switches between conduction and non-conduction between the AC power supply 11 and the load 12.
  • the switch part Q1 is configured by a three-terminal bidirectional thyristor (triac).
  • the switch part Q ⁇ b> 1 is electrically connected between the connection terminal 101 and the connection terminal 103, and switches bidirectional current passage / cutoff between the connection terminal 101 and the connection terminal 103.
  • the control terminal of the switch unit Q1 (the gate terminal of the bidirectional thyristor) is electrically connected to the circuit unit 3. Thereby, the switch part Q1 is controlled by the control part 5 mentioned later.
  • the switch portion Q1 is represented by a circuit symbol similar to that of a mechanical switch having a contact.
  • connection terminal 101, 102, 103 is a component to which wiring is electrically and mechanically connected.
  • the switch portion Q1 is connected between the first connection terminal 101 and the third connection terminal 103.
  • the second connection terminal 102 is a feed terminal of the first connection terminal 101 and is electrically connected to the first connection terminal 101.
  • Rectifier 2 consists of a diode bridge.
  • the rectifier 2 performs full-wave rectification on the voltage applied between both ends of the switch unit Q ⁇ b> 1 (hereinafter also referred to as “inter-switch voltage Vsw”) and outputs the rectified voltage to the circuit unit 3. Therefore, the circuit unit 3 is connected between the DC output terminals of the rectifier 2.
  • the circuit unit 3 uses the electric power after full-wave rectification input from the rectifier 2 to generate a “control voltage” necessary for controlling the switch unit Q1 and driving the sensor unit 31, for example.
  • the switch part Q1 of the two electronic switch devices 1A and 1B is in a non-conductive state, and the AC voltage Vac is applied from the AC power supply 11 to the switch part Q1. That is, if both the two electronic switch devices 1A and 1B are in the OFF state, the inter-switch voltage Vsw is equal to the AC voltage Vac from the AC power supply 11.
  • the circuit unit 3 includes a power generation block 4, a control unit 5, a sensor unit 31, and a voltage monitoring unit 32.
  • the power supply generation block 4 includes a power supply circuit 41 and a power supply unit 42.
  • the power supply unit 42 is electrically connected between both ends of the switch unit Q1.
  • the power supply unit 42 is configured to generate a control voltage using power supplied from the AC power supply 11.
  • the power feeding circuit 41 is electrically connected between both ends of the switch unit Q1.
  • the power feeding circuit 41 serves as a single path of power supplied from the AC power supply 11 to the power supply unit 42 between the switch unit Q1 and the power supply unit 42.
  • “single” means that there is only one. That is, the power feeding circuit 41 forms a unique path as a path of power supplied to the power supply section 42 between the switch section Q1 and the power supply section 42. In other words, there is only one path of power supplied from the AC power supply 11 to the power supply unit 42 between the switch unit Q1 and the power supply unit 42. There is no supply power path.
  • the power feeding circuit 41 and the power supply unit 42 are electrically connected in series between the DC output terminals of the rectifier 2.
  • the power input terminal 401 corresponds to the input terminal of the power feeding circuit 41 and is electrically connected to the positive DC output terminal of the rectifier 2. Therefore, when the switch unit Q1 is in the off state, the full-wave rectified inter-switch voltage Vsw, that is, the pulsating voltage output from the rectifier 2 is between the power input terminal 401 and the ground (reference potential point). Will be applied.
  • the power supply output terminal 402 corresponds to the output terminal of the power supply unit 42 and is electrically connected to the control unit 5.
  • the power supply circuit 41 is configured to supply power to the power supply unit 42 when the magnitude (absolute value) of the inter-switch voltage Vsw becomes equal to or greater than a predetermined value.
  • the power feeding circuit 41 is, for example, a dropper circuit that steps down the input voltage (inter-switch voltage Vsw) and outputs it to the power supply unit 42.
  • the specific configuration of the power generation block 4 will be described in the section “(2.2) Configuration of the power generation block”.
  • the “terminal” such as “power input terminal” in the present embodiment may not be a component (terminal) for connecting an electric wire or the like, for example, a lead of an electronic component or a part of a conductor included in a circuit board. It may be.
  • the control unit 5 operates by receiving a control voltage from the power generation block 4.
  • the control unit 5 has a function of controlling the switch unit Q1. Specifically, the control unit 5 outputs a control signal to the control terminal of the switch unit Q1 (the gate terminal of the bidirectional thyristor) based on the detection result of the sensor unit 31, thereby making the switch unit Q1 conductive and non-conductive.
  • the switch unit Q1 is controlled to switch between conduction. Further, when the switch unit Q1 is turned on, the control unit 5 determines the timing for outputting the control signal based on the monitoring signal output from the voltage monitoring unit 32.
  • the control unit 5 includes a drive circuit for driving the switch unit Q1, and the control unit 5 directly controls the switch unit Q1.
  • the control unit 5 includes, for example, a microcomputer as a main configuration.
  • the microcomputer realizes a function as the control unit 5 by executing a program recorded in the memory of the microcomputer by a CPU (Central Processing Unit).
  • the program may be recorded in advance in a memory of a microcomputer, may be provided by being recorded on a recording medium such as a memory card, or may be provided through an electric communication line.
  • the program is a program for causing the microcomputer to function as the control unit 5.
  • the sensor unit 31 detects whether or not a person is present in the detection area.
  • the sensor unit 31 includes, for example, a pyroelectric element, and determines whether there is a person in the detection area by detecting infrared rays emitted from the human body.
  • the sensor unit 31 outputs to the control unit 5 an on control instruction for turning on the switch unit Q1.
  • the voltage monitoring unit 32 is configured to monitor (detect) the magnitude of the inter-switch voltage Vsw.
  • the voltage monitoring unit 32 is electrically connected between the DC output terminals of the rectifier 2 and monitors the magnitude of the inter-switch voltage Vsw after full-wave rectification.
  • the voltage monitoring unit 32 compares the magnitude (absolute value) of the inter-switch voltage Vsw with a reference value, and outputs a monitoring signal indicating the comparison result to the control unit 5.
  • the control unit 5 When receiving the ON control instruction from the sensor unit 31, the control unit 5 outputs a control signal to the switch unit Q1 based on the monitoring signal from the voltage monitoring unit 32. Specifically, based on the monitoring signal from the voltage monitoring unit 32, the control unit 5 causes the switch unit Q1 to conduct when the magnitude (absolute value) of the inter-switch voltage Vsw is greater than or equal to a reference value. Since the switch unit Q1 is composed of a bidirectional thyristor as described above, the switch unit Q1 becomes conductive when a control signal is input, and becomes non-conductive near the zero cross point (0 [V]) of the AC voltage Vac from the AC power supply 11.
  • the switch portion Q1 when the current flowing through the switch portion Q1 becomes 0 [A] after the switch portion Q1 is turned on, the switch portion Q1 becomes non-conductive. Therefore, depending on the type of the load 12, it is earlier than the zero cross point of the AC voltage Vac.
  • the switch part Q1 may become non-conductive at the timing. Therefore, the control unit 5 conducts the switch unit Q1 by outputting a control signal every half cycle of the AC voltage Vac. That is, the ON state of the switch part Q1 here includes not only the state in which the switch part Q1 is continuously conducted but also the state in which the switch part Q1 is intermittently conducted. Moreover, the control part 5 maintains the switch part Q1 non-conducting by not outputting a control signal to the switch part Q1, when making the switch part Q1 into an OFF state.
  • the power feeding circuit 41 includes a Zener diode ZD1, an active element Q10, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a diode D1, and a current limiting unit 43.
  • the power supply unit 42 includes a capacitor C ⁇ b> 1 and a regulator 44.
  • the power feeding circuit 41 is a dropper circuit that steps down the voltage input from the power input terminal 401 and outputs the voltage to the power supply unit 42.
  • a resistor R1, an active element Q10, a diode D1, and a capacitor C1 are electrically connected in series.
  • the series circuit of the resistor R1, the active element Q10, and the diode D1 constitutes a part of the path of power supplied to the power supply unit 42, that is, a part of the charging path 40 of the capacitor C1.
  • the third resistor R3 of the current limiting unit 43 is interposed between the active element Q10 and the diode D1, but here the current limiting unit 43 is omitted first (that is, the active element Q10 and the diode D1 are directly connected).
  • the active element Q10 is a voltage-driven active element that is provided on the charging path 40 of the capacitor C1 between both ends of the switch unit Q1 and is turned on when the magnitude of the inter-switch voltage Vsw is a predetermined value or more.
  • the active element Q10 is composed of, for example, an enhancement type n-channel MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor-Field-Effect-Transistor).
  • the drain terminal of the active element Q10 is electrically connected to the power input terminal 401 through the resistor R1.
  • a source terminal serving as an output terminal of the active element Q10 is electrically connected to an anode terminal of the diode D1.
  • the cathode terminal of the diode D1 is electrically connected to the ground via the capacitor C1.
  • the “output terminal of the active element Q10” means a terminal that outputs a constant voltage when the active element Q10 is used as a constant voltage circuit in combination with the Zener diode ZD1.
  • a transistor has a pair of main terminals (a drain terminal and a source terminal in the case of a MOSFET) and a control terminal (a gate terminal in the case of a MOSFET), so that one of the pair of main terminals is active. This corresponds to the output terminal of the element Q10.
  • the resistor R2 and the Zener diode ZD1 are electrically connected in series between the power input terminal 401 and the ground.
  • the cathode terminal of the Zener diode ZD1 is electrically connected to the power input terminal 401 via the resistor R2.
  • the anode terminal of the Zener diode ZD1 is electrically connected to the ground.
  • the gate terminal (control terminal) of the active element Q10 is electrically connected to the cathode terminal of the Zener diode ZD1.
  • the regulator 44 is a three-terminal regulator (series regulator).
  • the input terminal of the regulator 44 is electrically connected to the high potential side terminal of the capacitor C1, that is, the cathode terminal of the diode D1.
  • the output terminal of the regulator 44 is electrically connected to the power supply output terminal 402.
  • the power supply circuit 41 receives power supplied from the AC power supply 11 and charges the capacitor C1 with a constant voltage based on the Zener voltage (breakdown voltage) of the Zener diode ZD1. That is, when a gate voltage higher than the threshold voltage of the active element Q10 is applied between the gate terminal and the source terminal of the active element Q10 by a series circuit of the resistor R2 and the Zener diode ZD1, a constant voltage is generated from the source terminal of the active element Q10. Is output. At this time, the voltage between the gate terminal of the active element Q10 and the ground is clamped to the Zener voltage of the Zener diode ZD1. Therefore, a voltage obtained by subtracting the gate voltage of the active element Q10 and the forward voltage of the diode D1 from the Zener voltage is applied between both ends of the capacitor C1.
  • the active element Q10 when the voltage across the switch Q1, that is, the voltage applied between the power supply input terminal 401 and the ground exceeds a predetermined value, the active element Q10 is turned on and the power supplied to the power supply 42 is supplied. Supplied.
  • the predetermined value here is a voltage obtained by adding the Zener voltage of the Zener diode ZD1, the gate voltage of the active element Q10, and the forward voltage of the diode D1 to the voltage across the capacitor C1 (hereinafter referred to as “minimum charging voltage”).
  • minimum charging voltage a voltage obtained by adding the Zener voltage of the Zener diode ZD1, the gate voltage of the active element Q10, and the forward voltage of the diode D1 to the voltage across the capacitor C1 (hereinafter referred to as “minimum charging voltage”).
  • the active element Q10 of the power supply circuit 41 is turned on, so that the input impedance of the power supply circuit 41 is in a low impedance state. Therefore, supply power is supplied to the power supply unit 42, and a control voltage is generated in the power supply unit 42. However, when the capacitor C1 is in a fully charged state, no current flows from the power supply circuit 41 to the power supply unit 42, so the input impedance of the power supply circuit 41 is in a high impedance state.
  • the minimum charging voltage (predetermined value) here is a voltage value necessary for the power feeding circuit 41 to supply power to the power supply unit 42, and depends on, for example, a circuit constant such as a Zener voltage of the Zener diode ZD1. It can be set arbitrarily.
  • the active element Q10 of the power feeding circuit 41 is a MOSFET, the minimum charging voltage is suppressed lower than the configuration in which the active element Q10 is a bipolar transistor (hereinafter referred to as “comparative example”). It is possible. The reason will be briefly described below.
  • the current path passing through the resistor R2 is required to have a relatively high impedance in order to suppress the occurrence of leakage current.
  • the leakage current here is a relatively large current that flows through the power feeding circuit 41 when the switch portion Q1 is non-conductive, and is a current that can cause a malfunction of the load 12.
  • the load 12 is a lighting device
  • a leak current occurs, a so-called flash phenomenon may occur in which the light source of the load 12 is temporarily turned on.
  • the inter-switch voltage Vsw necessary for flowing the base current to the bipolar transistor is relatively large.
  • the active element Q10 is a MOSFET, the active element Q10 is not limited as long as a predetermined gate voltage is applied to the active element Q10 regardless of the impedance of the current path passing through the resistor R2.
  • the power is turned on to supply power to the power supply unit 42. Therefore, in the electronic switch device 1 of the present embodiment, the minimum charging voltage can be suppressed lower (about 10 [V] as an example) as compared with the comparative example.
  • the current limiting unit 43 is provided on the path of power supplied to the power supply unit 42 including the active element Q10, that is, on the charging path 40 of the capacitor C1.
  • the current limiting unit 43 stops the supply of supply power to the power source unit 42 when a current of a specified value or more flows from the AC power source 11 to the power source unit 42.
  • the current limiting unit 43 stops the supply of supply power to the power supply unit 42 by turning off the active element Q10 when a current of a specified value or more flows through the active element Q10 of the power feeding circuit 41.
  • the current limiting unit 43 includes a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, and a switch element Q11.
  • the resistor R3 is a shunt resistor that is electrically connected to the output terminal (source terminal) of the active element Q10 and functions as a detection resistor that detects a current flowing through the active element Q10.
  • the resistor R3 is electrically connected between the source terminal of the active element Q10 and the anode terminal of the diode D1 in the power feeding circuit 41.
  • the switch element Q11 is electrically connected between the output terminal (source terminal) and the control terminal (gate terminal) of the active element Q10.
  • the switch element Q11 is formed of an npn-type bipolar transistor.
  • the emitter terminal of the switch element Q11 is electrically connected to the source terminal of the active element Q10 via the resistor R3.
  • the collector terminal of the switch element Q11 is electrically connected to the gate terminal of the active element Q10.
  • the base terminal of the switch element Q11 is electrically connected to the source terminal of the active element Q10 via the resistor R4.
  • a series circuit of the resistor R3 and the resistor R4 is electrically connected between the base terminal and the emitter terminal of the switch element Q11.
  • the current limiting unit 43 turns on the switch element Q11 with the voltage across the resistor R3, thereby turning off the active element Q10. To. That is, when a current of a specified value or more flows through the active element Q10 through the resistor R3, the switch element Q11 is biased by the voltage generated in the resistor R3 due to this current, and the current flows into the base terminal of the switch element Q11 through the resistor R4. . At this time, when the switch element Q11 is turned on, the gate terminal and the source terminal of the active element Q10 are short-circuited, and the active element Q10 is turned off.
  • the charging path 40 of the capacitor C1 is cut off, and the generation of the control voltage in the power supply unit 42 is stopped.
  • the capacitor C ⁇ b> 1 is electrically disconnected from the power supply input terminal 401 by the current limiting unit 43, and the supply power to the power supply unit 42 is supplied. Stop.
  • the specified value here is a current value of the power feeding circuit 41 when the current limiting unit 43 is operated, and can be arbitrarily set by a circuit constant such as a resistance value of the resistor R3, for example.
  • a value obtained by adding a predetermined margin to the rated current value of the power feeding circuit 41 is set as the specified value.
  • FIG. 4 shows the AC voltage “Vac”, the inter-switch voltage “Vsw”, the monitoring signal “S1a” of the first electronic switching device 1A, the monitoring signal “S1b” of the second electronic switching device 1B, and the second electronic
  • the state (conduction / non-conduction) of the switch part Q1 of the switch apparatus 1B is shown.
  • Q1 representing the state of the switch part Q1
  • “ON” represents conduction and “OFF” represents non-conduction.
  • the signal levels of the monitoring signals S1a and S1b are L level (Low level) when the absolute value of the inter-switch voltage Vsw is greater than or equal to the reference value Vth1, and the absolute value of the inter-switch voltage Vsw is less than the reference value Vth1. Is at the H level (High level).
  • the inter-switch voltage Vsw is the same voltage as the AC voltage Vac.
  • FIG. 4 shows the voltage across the switch unit Q1 in the first electronic switch device 1A, but the voltage across the switch unit Q1 in the second electronic switch device 1B is also the voltage across the switch unit Q1 in the first electronic switch device 1A. Same as voltage.
  • the inter-switch voltage Vsw becomes sufficiently large in most of the period of one cycle of the AC voltage Vac. Therefore, in both of the two electronic switch devices 1A and 1B, the inter-switch voltage Vsw becomes equal to or higher than the minimum charging voltage during most of one cycle of the AC voltage Vac, and the power is supplied to the power source unit 42 to supply power.
  • the control voltage can be generated by the unit 42.
  • monitoring signals S1a and S1b are at the H level, but the magnitude (absolute value) of the inter-switch voltage Vsw is the reference value Vth1. If it becomes above, monitoring signal S1a, S1b will be L level. Therefore, in the example of FIG. 4, the monitoring signals S1a and S1b are at the H level during a period until the time point t3 when the magnitude (absolute value) of the inter-switch voltage Vsw reaches the reference value Vth1, and the monitoring signal S1a, S1b becomes L level.
  • the control unit 5 of the second electronic switch device 1B makes the switch unit Q1 conductive. Therefore, at time point t4 immediately after time point t3, the switch part Q1 of the second electronic switch device 1B becomes conductive, and the inter-switch voltage Vsw becomes substantially 0 [V]. Therefore, at time t4, the monitoring signals S1a and S1b become H level. While the switch part Q1 of the second electronic switch device 1B is in the ON state, the second electronic switch device 1B repeats the above-described operation, so that the inter-switch voltage Vsw is intermittent during the period from the time point t2 to the time point t4. Will occur.
  • the control voltage is generated by the power source unit 42 during the period from the time point t2 to the time point t4 in one cycle of the AC voltage Vac. Is possible. Also in the second electronic switch device 1B in which the switch unit Q1 is in the ON state, in the same manner as the first electronic switch device 1A, in the period from the time point t2 to the time point t4 in one cycle of the AC voltage Vac, The generation of the control voltage at 42 is possible.
  • the electronic switch device 1 if the inter-switch voltage Vsw is equal to or higher than the minimum charging voltage as described above, supply power is supplied from the power supply circuit 41 to the power supply unit 42, and a control voltage can be generated in the power supply unit 42. It is. Therefore, even when the inter-switch voltage Vsw is relatively low, the control voltage can be generated in the power supply unit 42 as long as the inter-switch voltage Vsw equal to or higher than the minimum charging voltage is generated.
  • the control voltage can be generated by the power supply unit. That is, if the reference value Vth1 is equal to or higher than the minimum charge voltage, the inter-switch voltage Vsw is always equal to or higher than the minimum charge voltage after the switch portion Q1 is turned off and before the switch portion Q1 is turned on again.
  • the control voltage can be generated by the power supply unit 42.
  • the electronic switch device 1 includes the switch unit Q1, the power supply unit 42, the control unit 5, and the power feeding circuit 41.
  • the switch unit Q1 is electrically connected between the AC power supply 11 and the load 12, and switches between conduction and non-conduction between the AC power supply 11 and the load 12.
  • the power supply unit 42 is electrically connected between both ends of the switch unit Q ⁇ b> 1 and generates a control voltage by power supplied from the AC power supply 11.
  • the control unit 5 operates by receiving the control voltage from the power supply unit 42, and controls the switch unit Q1.
  • the power feeding circuit 41 is electrically connected between both ends of the switch unit Q1, and serves as a single path for the supplied power between the switch unit Q1 and the power supply unit.
  • the power feeding circuit 41 is configured to supply the supplied power to the power source unit 42 when the voltage across the switch unit Q1 exceeds a predetermined value.
  • the supply power is supplied to the power supply unit 42 that generates the control voltage by the supply power from the AC power supply 11 through the single path including the power feeding circuit 41.
  • the power feeding circuit 41 supplies the power supply 42 to the power supply unit 42 when the magnitude of the voltage across the switch unit Q1 exceeds a predetermined value (minimum charging voltage). Therefore, the power feeding circuit 41 always has the same path to the power supply unit 42 regardless of whether the switch unit Q1 is in the on state or the off state without switching the power supply path to the power supply unit 42. Supply power is supplied.
  • the electronic switch device 1 does not require a current transformer to secure a control voltage when the load 12 is energized, and can be downsized. Furthermore, since the electronic switch device 1 does not require a configuration for switching the path of power supplied to the power supply unit 42 and complicated control for switching the path of power supplied to the power supply unit 42, the electronic switch device 1 can be further downsized. Is possible.
  • the power supply unit 42 includes the capacitor C1.
  • the power feeding circuit 41 preferably includes a voltage-driven active element Q10.
  • the active element Q10 is provided in the charging path 40 of the capacitor C1 between both ends of the switch unit Q1, and is turned on when the magnitude of the voltage between both ends of the switch unit Q1 is a predetermined value or more.
  • the capacitor C1 is charged and the control voltage is secured even when the voltage Vsw between the switches is lower than in the configuration in which the bipolar transistor is applied to the power supply circuit 41. Is possible.
  • this configuration is not an essential configuration for the electronic switch device 1.
  • the active element Q10 may not be a voltage-driven element.
  • the active element Q10 is preferably a field effect transistor (FET).
  • FET field effect transistor
  • the power feeding circuit 41 can be realized without using special parts.
  • the active element Q10 may be, for example, an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor).
  • the power supply circuit 41 causes the power supply section 42 to flow when a current of a specified value or more flows from the AC power supply 11 to the power supply section 42. It is preferable to have a current limiting unit 43 that stops the supply of power supplied to the. According to this configuration, since the current flowing through the power feeding circuit 41 is limited, the stress applied to the components of the power feeding circuit 41 can be reduced, and the current capacity required for the power feeding circuit 41 can be reduced. Furthermore, according to the current limiting unit 43, it is possible to suppress malfunction of the load 12 (for example, occurrence of a flash phenomenon) by suppressing an inrush current flowing through the power supply circuit 41 when the AC power supply 11 is turned on, for example.
  • this configuration is not an essential configuration for the electronic switch device 1. For example, by applying an element having a large current capacity to the active element Q10 or applying an element having a small capacitance to the capacitor C1, the current can be reduced.
  • the restriction unit 43 may be omitted.
  • the electronic switch device 1 further includes a sensor unit 31 in any one of the first to fourth aspects, and the control unit 5 controls the switch unit Q1 based on the output of the sensor unit 31. It is preferable that it is comprised. According to this configuration, the sensor unit 31 can be driven by the control voltage generated by the power supply unit 42, and the switch unit Q1 can be automatically controlled by the output of the sensor unit 31. However, this configuration is not essential for the electronic switch device 1, and the sensor unit 31 is omitted as appropriate.
  • the electronic switch system 10 includes a plurality of electronic switch devices 1 according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, and the plurality of switch units Q1 included in the plurality of electronic switch devices 1 includes an AC power supply 11 and a load 12. They are electrically connected in parallel.
  • the electronic switch system 10 includes a plurality of electronic switch devices 1, and each of the plurality of electronic switch devices 1 includes a switch unit Q1, a power supply unit 42, a control unit 5, and a power feeding circuit 41.
  • the switch unit Q1 is electrically connected between the AC power supply 11 and the load 12, and switches between conduction and non-conduction between the AC power supply 11 and the load 12.
  • the power supply unit 42 is electrically connected between both ends of the switch unit Q ⁇ b> 1 and generates a control voltage by power supplied from the AC power supply 11.
  • the control unit 5 operates by receiving the control voltage from the power supply unit 42, and controls the switch unit Q1.
  • the power feeding circuit 41 is electrically connected between both ends of the switch unit Q1, and serves as a single path for the supplied power between the switch unit Q1 and the power supply unit.
  • the power feeding circuit 41 is configured to supply the supplied power to the power source unit 42 when the voltage across the switch unit Q1 exceeds a predetermined value.
  • the plurality of switch portions Q1 included in each of the plurality of electronic switch devices 1 are electrically connected in parallel between the AC power supply 11 and the load 12.
  • each of the plurality of electronic switch devices 1 does not switch the supply power path to the power supply unit 42, regardless of whether the switch unit Q1 is in the on state or the off state.
  • the power supply unit 42 is always supplied with supplied power through the same path.
  • each electronic switch device 1 does not need a current transformer to secure a control voltage when the load 12 is energized, and can be downsized.
  • each electronic switch device 1 does not require a configuration for switching a path of power supplied to the power supply unit 42 and a complicated control for switching a path of power supplied to the power supply unit 42, so that the electronic switch device 1 is further downsized. Is possible.
  • both the electronic switch device 1A in which the switch unit Q1 is in the off state and the electronic switch device 1B in which the switch unit Q1 is in the on state can be secured.
  • the electronic switch device 1 according to the first embodiment is merely an example of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the first embodiment, and the present invention is not limited to the first embodiment.
  • Various modifications can be made in accordance with the design and the like as long as they do not depart from the technical idea of the above. Below, the modification of Embodiment 1 is enumerated.
  • the load 12 is not limited to the lighting device, and may be, for example, an electric device such as a ventilation fan and a security device. Further, the load 12 is not limited to one electrical device, and may be a plurality of electrical devices electrically connected in series or in parallel.
  • the switch unit Q1 is not limited to the bidirectional thyristor, but may be other semiconductor switches.
  • the switch part Q1 may be two MOSFETs electrically connected in series between the first connection terminal 101 and the third connection terminal 103, for example.
  • the two MOSFETs are switched between bidirectional current passing / cut-off by connecting the source terminals to each other, that is, by connecting them in a so-called reverse series.
  • the switch portion Q1 may be a semiconductor device having a double gate (dual gate) structure using a wide band gap semiconductor material such as GaN (gallium nitride).
  • a drive circuit for driving the switch unit Q1 may be provided separately from the control unit 5.
  • the control voltage is also used for the operation of the drive circuit.
  • the sensor unit 31 is not limited to a human sensor that detects whether or not a person is present, and may be a brightness sensor, for example. Or the sensor part 31 may have both a human sensor and a brightness sensor.
  • the electronic switch device 1 is not limited to the configuration in which the switch unit Q1 is controlled based on the detection result of the sensor unit 31, and is, for example, an electronic switch device with a remote operation function, a timer function, or a dimming function. Also good. For example, if it is the electronic switch apparatus 1 with a remote operation function, the control part 5 will control switch part Q1 based on the wireless signal from a remote controller.
  • the electronic switch device 1 may be configured such that the switch unit Q1 is controlled based on a human operation on an operation unit such as a push button switch or a touch switch.
  • the voltage monitoring unit 32 may be configured to monitor the magnitude of the inter-switch voltage Vsw before full-wave rectification, not the inter-switch voltage Vsw after full-wave rectification. In this case, the voltage monitoring unit 32 is electrically connected between the AC input terminals of the rectifier 2. Furthermore, the voltage monitoring unit 32 may also be used as a zero cross detection unit for detecting the zero cross point of the AC voltage Vac. The zero-cross detection unit detects the zero-cross point when the inter-switch voltage Vsw shifts from less than the reference value (absolute value) set near 0 [V] to more than the reference value.
  • the voltage monitoring unit 32 is not an essential component for the electronic switch device 1 and may be omitted.
  • the control unit 5 may control the switch unit Q1 based on the detection result of the voltage across the capacitor C1, for example. Specifically, the control unit 5 causes the switch unit Q1 to conduct when the voltage across the capacitor C1 reaches a predetermined threshold.
  • the threshold here is the voltage across the capacitor C1 when the capacitor C1 is charged to such an extent that the operation of the control unit 5 and the like until the next time when the active element Q10 is turned on can be secured.
  • the specific circuits of the power feeding circuit 41 and the power supply unit 42 are not limited to the circuit shown in FIG. 3 and can be changed as appropriate.
  • the power feeding circuit 41 may be a constant voltage circuit having an operational amplifier in addition to the Zener diode ZD1 and the active element Q10, or the active element Q10 may be omitted.
  • the switch element Q11 of the current limiting unit 43 is not limited to a bipolar transistor, and may be, for example, an enhancement type n-channel MOSFET.
  • the capacitor C1 may be connected to the output of the regulator 44, or a capacitor other than the capacitor C1 may be connected to the output of the regulator 44.
  • the regulator 44 in the power supply unit 42 is not essential for the electronic switch device 1, and the regulator 44 may be omitted.
  • “more than” is the case where the two values are equal and the case where one of the two values exceeds the other. Including both.
  • “more than” here may be synonymous with “greater than” including only when one of the binary values exceeds the other. That is, whether or not the case where the two values are equal can be arbitrarily changed depending on the setting of the reference value or the like, so there is no technical difference between “greater than” or “greater than”.
  • “less than” may be synonymous with “below”.
  • the electronic switch system 10A As shown in FIG. 5, the electronic switch system 10A according to the second embodiment includes a combination of three electronic switch devices 1A, 1B, and 1C.
  • the same configurations as those of the first embodiment are denoted by common reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted as appropriate.
  • the electronic switch devices 1A and 1B are so-called three-way switches as in the first embodiment.
  • the electronic switch device 1C is a so-called four-way switch that can connect four wires.
  • the electronic switch device 1C includes a fourth connection terminal 104 in addition to the three connection terminals 101, 102, 103 similar to the electronic switch devices 1A, 1B.
  • connection terminal 103 and the connection terminal 104 are connected inside the electronic switch device 1C.
  • the connection terminal 102 of the electronic switch device 1A is connected to the connection terminal 101 of the electronic switch device 1C.
  • the connection terminal 103 of the electronic switch device 1A is connected to the connection terminal 104 of the electronic switch device 1C.
  • the connection terminal 102 of the electronic switch device 1B is connected to the connection terminal 103 of the electronic switch device 1C.
  • the connection terminal 103 of the electronic switch device 1B is connected to the connection terminal 102 of the electronic switch device 1C.
  • the plurality of switch units Q1 included in each of the plurality (here, three) of electronic switch devices 1A, 1B, and 1C are electrically connected in parallel between the AC power supply 11 and the load 12. Is done. Therefore, if any one of the switch units Q1 of the three electronic switch devices 1A, 1B, and 1C is conductive, the AC power source 11 and the load 12 are conductive, and the three electronic switch devices 1A, 1B, and 1C are connected. The power is supplied from the AC power supply 11 to the load 12.
  • the energization state to the load 12 can be switched in all of the switch unit Q1 of the electronic switch device 1A, the switch unit Q1 of the electronic switch device 1B, and the switch unit Q1 of the electronic switch device 1C. It is. Therefore, in the electronic switch system 10A in which the three electronic switch devices 1A, 1B, and 1C are combined, the energization state to the load 12 can be switched at three locations.
  • a current transformer is not required to secure a control voltage when the load 12 is energized, and the electronic switch device 1 can be downsized. There is an advantage that there is.
  • the electronic switch system 10A may include two or more electronic switch devices 1C (so-called four-way switches), and may include a total of four or more electronic switch devices 1A, 1B, and 1C. Good.
  • the plurality of switch units Q1 included in each of the plurality of electronic switch devices 1A, 1B, and 1C are electrically connected in parallel between the AC power supply 11 and the load 12, so that the load 12 is energized. Can be switched at four or more locations.
  • the configuration of the second embodiment (including the modification) can be applied in combination with the configuration of the first embodiment (including the modification) as appropriate.
  • the electronic switch device 1D according to the third embodiment is a so-called one-sided switch that can connect two wires as shown in FIG.
  • the same configurations as those of the first embodiment are denoted by common reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted as appropriate.
  • the electronic switch device 1D includes two connection terminals 101 and 103.
  • the electronic switch device 1D has a configuration in which the connection terminal 102 of the three connection terminals 101, 102, 103 is omitted from the electronic switch device 1A of Embodiment 1 (see FIG. 2).
  • connection terminal 101 of the electronic switch device 1D is connected to the load 12, and the connection terminal 103 of the electronic switch device 1D is connected to the AC power source 11.
  • the switch unit Q1 of the electronic switch device 1D is electrically connected between the AC power supply 11 and the load 12. Therefore, if the switch part Q1 of the electronic switch device 1D is conductive, the AC power source 11 and the load 12 are conductive, and power is supplied from the AC power source 11 to the load 12 via the electronic switch device 1D.
  • Embodiment 3 can be applied in combination with the configuration of Embodiment 1 (including modifications) as appropriate.

Abstract

Provided are an electronic switch device and an electronic switch system that can be miniaturized. An electronic switch device (1) that comprises a switch part (Q1), a power source part (42), a control part (5), and a power supply circuit (41). The power source part (42) is electrically connected between the ends of the switch part (Q1) and generates a control voltage using supplied power from an alternating current power source. The control part (5) operates by receiving a supply of the control voltage from the power source part (42) and controls the switch part (Q1). The power supply circuit (41) is electrically connected between the ends of the switch part (Q1) and is the only route for the supplied power between the switch part (Q1) and the power source part (42). The power supply circuit (41) is configured to supply the supplied power to the power source part (42) when the voltage between the ends of the switch part (Q1) is at or above a prescribed value.

Description

電子スイッチ装置及び電子スイッチシステムElectronic switch device and electronic switch system
　本発明は、一般に電子スイッチ装置及び電子スイッチシステムに関し、より詳細には、交流電源と負荷との間に電気的に接続されるスイッチ部を備える電子スイッチ装置及び電子スイッチシステムに関する。 The present invention generally relates to an electronic switch device and an electronic switch system, and more particularly to an electronic switch device and an electronic switch system including a switch unit that is electrically connected between an AC power supply and a load.
　従来、人体から放射される熱線を検出して、負荷をオン／オフさせる電子スイッチ装置（熱線センサ付自動スイッチ）が知られている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。特許文献１に記載の電子スイッチ装置は、接続端子間に、カレントトランスの１次巻線と、全波整流器と、負荷への電源供給をオン／オフ制御する双方向サイリスタを有する負荷制御回路とが直列に接続されている。 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, an electronic switch device (automatic switch with a heat ray sensor) that detects a heat ray radiated from a human body and turns on / off a load is known (for example, see Patent Document 1). The electronic switch device described in Patent Document 1 includes a load control circuit having a primary winding of a current transformer, a full-wave rectifier, and a bidirectional thyristor that controls on / off of power supply to a load between connection terminals. Are connected in series.
　また、特許文献１に記載の電子スイッチ装置では、全波整流器の直流出力端子間には、電源回路が接続される。電源回路は、制御用ＩＣ（Integrated Circuit）用の制御電源（動作電源）を生成する定電圧回路に、負荷の非通電時に電源供給する。また、負荷の通電時には、カレントトランスの２次巻線に流れる電流により、補助電源回路が定電圧回路に電源供給する。 In the electronic switch device described in Patent Document 1, a power supply circuit is connected between the DC output terminals of the full-wave rectifier. The power supply circuit supplies power to a constant voltage circuit that generates a control power supply (operation power supply) for a control IC (Integrated Circuit) when the load is not energized. When the load is energized, the auxiliary power supply circuit supplies power to the constant voltage circuit by the current flowing through the secondary winding of the current transformer.
　特許文献１に記載の電子スイッチ装置は、負荷の通電時に制御電源を確保するためにカレントトランスが必要であるから、小型化が困難であるという問題がある。 The electronic switch device described in Patent Document 1 has a problem that it is difficult to reduce the size because a current transformer is required to secure a control power supply when a load is energized.
特開２０００－１３１４５６号公報JP 2000-131456 A
　本発明は上記事由に鑑みてなされており、小型化が可能な電子スイッチ装置及び電子スイッチシステムを提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above reasons, and an object thereof is to provide an electronic switch device and an electronic switch system that can be miniaturized.
　本発明の一態様に係る電子スイッチ装置は、スイッチ部と、電源部と、制御部と、給電回路と、を備えている。前記スイッチ部は、交流電源と負荷との間に電気的に接続され、前記交流電源と前記負荷との間の導通と非導通とを切り替える。前記電源部は、前記スイッチ部の両端間に電気的に接続され、前記交流電源からの供給電力により制御電圧を生成する。前記制御部は、前記電源部から前記制御電圧の供給を受けて動作し、前記スイッチ部を制御する。前記給電回路は、前記スイッチ部の両端間に電気的に接続され、前記スイッチ部と前記電源部との間における前記供給電力の単一の経路となる。前記給電回路は、前記スイッチ部の前記両端間の電圧の大きさが所定値以上になれば前記電源部に前記供給電力を供給するように構成されている。 An electronic switch device according to an aspect of the present invention includes a switch unit, a power supply unit, a control unit, and a power feeding circuit. The switch unit is electrically connected between an AC power source and a load, and switches between conduction and non-conduction between the AC power source and the load. The power supply unit is electrically connected between both ends of the switch unit, and generates a control voltage by power supplied from the AC power supply. The control unit operates by receiving the control voltage from the power supply unit, and controls the switch unit. The power feeding circuit is electrically connected between both ends of the switch unit, and serves as a single path for the supplied power between the switch unit and the power supply unit. The power supply circuit is configured to supply the supply power to the power supply unit when the magnitude of the voltage between the both ends of the switch unit exceeds a predetermined value.
　本発明の一態様に係る電子スイッチシステムは、前記電子スイッチ装置を複数備え、前記複数の電子スイッチ装置が備える複数のスイッチ部は、交流電源と負荷との間に電気的に並列に接続される。 An electronic switch system according to an aspect of the present invention includes a plurality of the electronic switch devices, and the plurality of switch units included in the plurality of electronic switch devices are electrically connected in parallel between an AC power supply and a load. .
図１は、本発明の実施形態１に係る電子スイッチ装置の構成を示す概略回路図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram showing a configuration of an electronic switch device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. 図２は、本発明の実施形態１に係る電子スイッチシステムの構成を示す概略回路図である。FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram showing the configuration of the electronic switch system according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 図３は、同上の電子スイッチ装置の電源生成ブロックの構成を示す回路図である。FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a power generation block of the above electronic switch device. 図４は、同上の電子スイッチシステムの動作を示すタイミングチャートである。FIG. 4 is a timing chart showing the operation of the above electronic switch system. 図５は、本発明の実施形態２に係る電子スイッチシステムの構成を示す概略回路図である。FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram showing a configuration of an electronic switch system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. 図６は、本発明の実施形態３に係る電子スイッチ装置の構成を示す概略回路図である。FIG. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram showing the configuration of the electronic switch device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
　（実施形態１）
　（１）概要
　実施形態１に係る電子スイッチ装置１Ａ，１Ｂは、図２に示すように、交流電源１１と負荷１２との間に電気的に接続され、交流電源１１から負荷１２への通電状態を切り替える配線器具である。電子スイッチ装置１Ａ，１Ｂは、例えば住宅の壁等に取り付けられる。交流電源１１は、例えば、単相１００〔Ｖ〕、６０〔Ｈｚ〕の商用電源である。負荷１２は、例えば、ＬＥＤ（Light Emitting Diode）を有する光源と、光源を点灯させる点灯回路とを備える照明装置である。この負荷１２では、交流電源１１からの電力供給時に光源が点灯する。 (Embodiment 1)
(1) Outline As shown in FIG. 2, the electronic switch devices 1 </ b> A and 1 </ b> B according to the first embodiment are electrically connected between an AC power supply 11 and a load 12, and are energized from the AC power supply 11 to the load 12. Is a wiring device for switching between. The electronic switch devices 1A and 1B are attached to a wall of a house, for example. The AC power supply 11 is, for example, a single-phase 100 [V], 60 [Hz] commercial power supply. The load 12 is, for example, a lighting device including a light source having an LED (Light Emitting Diode) and a lighting circuit that turns on the light source. In the load 12, the light source is turned on when power is supplied from the AC power supply 11.
　図２に示す例では、２つの電子スイッチ装置１Ａ，１Ｂにて、電子スイッチシステム１０が構成されている。つまり、電子スイッチシステム１０は、複数（ここでは２つ）の電子スイッチ装置１Ａ，１Ｂを備えている。２つの電子スイッチ装置１Ａ，１Ｂは、互いに共通の構成を採用している。以下、２つの電子スイッチ装置１Ａ，１Ｂをとくに区別しない場合には、２つの電子スイッチ装置１Ａ，１Ｂの各々を「電子スイッチ装置１」という。 In the example shown in FIG. 2, the electronic switch system 10 is configured by two electronic switch devices 1A and 1B. That is, the electronic switch system 10 includes a plurality (here, two) of electronic switch devices 1A and 1B. The two electronic switch devices 1A and 1B adopt a common configuration. Hereinafter, when the two electronic switch devices 1A and 1B are not particularly distinguished, each of the two electronic switch devices 1A and 1B is referred to as an “electronic switch device 1”.
　電子スイッチ装置１は、例えば、双方向サイリスタ及びトランジスタ等の半導体スイッチからなるスイッチ部Ｑ１を備えている。電子スイッチ装置１は、スイッチ部Ｑ１を電子的に制御することにより、交流電源１１と負荷１２との間の導通と非導通とを電子的に切り替える。 The electronic switch device 1 includes a switch unit Q1 including a semiconductor switch such as a bidirectional thyristor and a transistor. The electronic switch device 1 electronically switches between conduction and non-conduction between the AC power supply 11 and the load 12 by electronically controlling the switch unit Q1.
　本実施形態では、電子スイッチ装置１は、３本の配線を接続可能な、いわゆる三路スイッチである。電子スイッチ装置１は、３つの接続端子１０１，１０２，１０３を備えている。そのため、２つの電子スイッチ装置１Ａ，１Ｂを組み合わせた電子スイッチシステム１０では、負荷１２への通電状態を、例えば、建物における階段の上階部分と下階部分との２箇所で切り替えることが可能である。 In this embodiment, the electronic switch device 1 is a so-called three-way switch that can connect three wires. The electronic switch device 1 includes three connection terminals 101, 102, and 103. Therefore, in the electronic switch system 10 in which the two electronic switch devices 1A and 1B are combined, it is possible to switch the energization state to the load 12 at, for example, two places, the upper floor portion and the lower floor portion of the stairs in the building. is there.
　図２の例では、電子スイッチ装置１Ａ（以下、「第１電子スイッチ装置１Ａ」ともいう）の接続端子１０１は、負荷１２に接続されている。電子スイッチ装置１Ｂ（以下、「第２電子スイッチ装置１Ｂ」ともいう）の接続端子１０１は、交流電源１１に接続されている。また、電子スイッチ装置１Ａの接続端子１０２は、電子スイッチ装置１Ｂの接続端子１０３に接続されている。電子スイッチ装置１Ａの接続端子１０３は、電子スイッチ装置１Ｂの接続端子１０２に接続されている。各電子スイッチ装置１において、接続端子１０１と接続端子１０２とは電子スイッチ装置１の内部で接続されている。 In the example of FIG. 2, the connection terminal 101 of the electronic switch device 1 </ b> A (hereinafter also referred to as “first electronic switch device 1 </ b> A”) is connected to the load 12. A connection terminal 101 of the electronic switch device 1 </ b> B (hereinafter also referred to as “second electronic switch device 1 </ b> B”) is connected to the AC power supply 11. The connection terminal 102 of the electronic switch device 1A is connected to the connection terminal 103 of the electronic switch device 1B. The connection terminal 103 of the electronic switch device 1A is connected to the connection terminal 102 of the electronic switch device 1B. In each electronic switch device 1, the connection terminal 101 and the connection terminal 102 are connected inside the electronic switch device 1.
　さらに、各電子スイッチ装置１において、スイッチ部Ｑ１は、接続端子１０１と接続端子１０３との間に接続されている。したがって、各電子スイッチ装置１において、スイッチ部Ｑ１が導通（オン）した状態では、接続端子１０１及び接続端子１０２と、接続端子１０３との間がスイッチ部Ｑ１を介して導通する。また、各電子スイッチ装置１において、スイッチ部Ｑ１が非導通（オフ）の状態では、接続端子１０１及び接続端子１０２と、接続端子１０３との間が非導通となる。 Furthermore, in each electronic switch device 1, the switch part Q 1 is connected between the connection terminal 101 and the connection terminal 103. Therefore, in each electronic switch device 1, in a state where the switch portion Q1 is conductive (ON), the connection terminal 101, the connection terminal 102, and the connection terminal 103 are electrically connected via the switch portion Q1. Further, in each electronic switch device 1, the connection terminal 101, the connection terminal 102, and the connection terminal 103 are non-conductive when the switch portion Q <b> 1 is non-conductive (off).
　すなわち、複数（ここでは２つ）の電子スイッチ装置１Ａ，１Ｂがそれぞれ備える複数のスイッチ部Ｑ１は、交流電源１１と負荷１２との間に電気的に並列に接続される。そのため、電子スイッチシステム１０では、２つの電子スイッチ装置１Ａ，１Ｂのいずれかのスイッチ部Ｑ１が導通していれば、交流電源１１と負荷１２との間が導通し、２つの電子スイッチ装置１Ａ，１Ｂを介して、交流電源１１から負荷１２に電力供給される。したがって、電子スイッチシステム１０では、電子スイッチ装置１Ａのスイッチ部Ｑ１、及び電子スイッチ装置１Ｂのスイッチ部Ｑ１の両方において、負荷１２への通電状態を切り替えることが可能である。 That is, the plurality of switch parts Q1 provided in each of the plurality (two in this case) of electronic switch devices 1A and 1B are electrically connected in parallel between the AC power supply 11 and the load 12. Therefore, in the electronic switch system 10, if one of the switch portions Q1 of the two electronic switch devices 1A and 1B is conductive, the AC power supply 11 and the load 12 are conductive, and the two electronic switch devices 1A, 1A, Power is supplied from the AC power supply 11 to the load 12 via 1B. Therefore, in the electronic switch system 10, it is possible to switch the energization state to the load 12 in both the switch unit Q1 of the electronic switch device 1A and the switch unit Q1 of the electronic switch device 1B.
　（２）詳細
　（２．１）電子スイッチ装置の全体構成
　以下、本実施形態の電子スイッチ装置の構成について、図１及び図２を参照して説明する。 (2) Details (2.1) Overall Configuration of Electronic Switch Device Hereinafter, the configuration of the electronic switch device of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
　電子スイッチ装置１は、図２に示すように、スイッチ部Ｑ１及び３つの接続端子１０１，１０２，１０３に加えて、整流器２及び回路部３を備えている。これらのスイッチ部Ｑ１、３つの接続端子１０１，１０２，１０３、整流器２及び回路部３は、１つの筐体に収納されており、筐体が壁等に固定されることで、電子スイッチ装置１は壁等に取り付けられる。 The electronic switch device 1 includes a rectifier 2 and a circuit unit 3 in addition to the switch unit Q1 and the three connection terminals 101, 102, and 103, as shown in FIG. The switch part Q1, the three connection terminals 101, 102, 103, the rectifier 2 and the circuit part 3 are housed in one housing, and the housing is fixed to a wall or the like, whereby the electronic switch device 1 Is attached to a wall or the like.
　スイッチ部Ｑ１は、交流電源１１と負荷１２との間に電気的に接続され、交流電源１１と負荷１２との間の導通と非導通とを切り替える。本実施形態では、スイッチ部Ｑ１は、３端子の双方向サイリスタ（トライアック）にて構成されている。スイッチ部Ｑ１は、接続端子１０１と接続端子１０３との間に電気的に接続されており、接続端子１０１と接続端子１０３との間における双方向の電流の通過／遮断を切り替える。スイッチ部Ｑ１の制御端子（双方向サイリスタのゲート端子）は、回路部３に電気的に接続されている。これにより、スイッチ部Ｑ１は、後述する制御部５にて制御される。図１及び図２等では、スイッチ部Ｑ１を、接点を有するメカニカルスイッチと同様の回路記号で表記している。 The switch unit Q1 is electrically connected between the AC power supply 11 and the load 12, and switches between conduction and non-conduction between the AC power supply 11 and the load 12. In the present embodiment, the switch part Q1 is configured by a three-terminal bidirectional thyristor (triac). The switch part Q <b> 1 is electrically connected between the connection terminal 101 and the connection terminal 103, and switches bidirectional current passage / cutoff between the connection terminal 101 and the connection terminal 103. The control terminal of the switch unit Q1 (the gate terminal of the bidirectional thyristor) is electrically connected to the circuit unit 3. Thereby, the switch part Q1 is controlled by the control part 5 mentioned later. In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, etc., the switch portion Q1 is represented by a circuit symbol similar to that of a mechanical switch having a contact.
　３つの接続端子１０１，１０２，１０３の各々は、配線が電気的かつ機械的に接続される部品である。第１の接続端子１０１と第３の接続端子１０３との間には、上述したようにスイッチ部Ｑ１が接続されている。第２の接続端子１０２は、第１の接続端子１０１の送り端子であり、第１の接続端子１０１と電気的に接続されている。 Each of the three connection terminals 101, 102, 103 is a component to which wiring is electrically and mechanically connected. As described above, the switch portion Q1 is connected between the first connection terminal 101 and the third connection terminal 103. The second connection terminal 102 is a feed terminal of the first connection terminal 101 and is electrically connected to the first connection terminal 101.
　整流器２は、ダイオードブリッジからなる。整流器２は、スイッチ部Ｑ１の両端間に印加される電圧（以下、「スイッチ間電圧Ｖｓｗ」ともいう）を、全波整流して、回路部３に出力する。そのため、回路部３は、整流器２の直流出力端子間に接続されている。回路部３は、整流器２から入力される、全波整流後の電力を用いて、例えばスイッチ部Ｑ１の制御及びセンサ部３１の駆動等に必要な「制御電圧」を生成する。 Rectifier 2 consists of a diode bridge. The rectifier 2 performs full-wave rectification on the voltage applied between both ends of the switch unit Q <b> 1 (hereinafter also referred to as “inter-switch voltage Vsw”) and outputs the rectified voltage to the circuit unit 3. Therefore, the circuit unit 3 is connected between the DC output terminals of the rectifier 2. The circuit unit 3 uses the electric power after full-wave rectification input from the rectifier 2 to generate a “control voltage” necessary for controlling the switch unit Q1 and driving the sensor unit 31, for example.
　以下では、２つの電子スイッチ装置１Ａ，１Ｂのいずれのスイッチ部Ｑ１も非導通の状態で、スイッチ部Ｑ１には交流電源１１から交流電圧Ｖａｃが印加されることと仮定する。つまり、２つの電子スイッチ装置１Ａ，１Ｂがいずれもオフ状態であれば、スイッチ間電圧Ｖｓｗは交流電源１１からの交流電圧Ｖａｃと等しくなる。 Hereinafter, it is assumed that the switch part Q1 of the two electronic switch devices 1A and 1B is in a non-conductive state, and the AC voltage Vac is applied from the AC power supply 11 to the switch part Q1. That is, if both the two electronic switch devices 1A and 1B are in the OFF state, the inter-switch voltage Vsw is equal to the AC voltage Vac from the AC power supply 11.
　次に、回路部３の詳細について、図１を参照して説明する。回路部３は、電源生成ブロック４と、制御部５と、センサ部３１と、電圧監視部３２とを備えている。 Next, details of the circuit unit 3 will be described with reference to FIG. The circuit unit 3 includes a power generation block 4, a control unit 5, a sensor unit 31, and a voltage monitoring unit 32.
　電源生成ブロック４は、給電回路４１と、電源部４２とを有している。電源部４２は、スイッチ部Ｑ１の両端間に電気的に接続されている。電源部４２は、交流電源１１からの供給電力により制御電圧を生成するように構成されている。給電回路４１は、スイッチ部Ｑ１の両端間に電気的に接続されている。給電回路４１は、スイッチ部Ｑ１と電源部４２との間における、交流電源１１から電源部４２への供給電力の単一の経路となる。ここでいう「単一」とは、ただ一つであることを意味する。つまり、給電回路４１は、スイッチ部Ｑ１と電源部４２との間に、電源部４２への供給電力の経路として、唯一の経路を形成する。言い換えれば、交流電源１１から電源部４２への供給電力の経路は、スイッチ部Ｑ１と電源部４２との間に一つだけ存在するのであって、給電回路４１以外には、電源部４２への供給電力の経路は存在しない。 The power supply generation block 4 includes a power supply circuit 41 and a power supply unit 42. The power supply unit 42 is electrically connected between both ends of the switch unit Q1. The power supply unit 42 is configured to generate a control voltage using power supplied from the AC power supply 11. The power feeding circuit 41 is electrically connected between both ends of the switch unit Q1. The power feeding circuit 41 serves as a single path of power supplied from the AC power supply 11 to the power supply unit 42 between the switch unit Q1 and the power supply unit 42. Here, “single” means that there is only one. That is, the power feeding circuit 41 forms a unique path as a path of power supplied to the power supply section 42 between the switch section Q1 and the power supply section 42. In other words, there is only one path of power supplied from the AC power supply 11 to the power supply unit 42 between the switch unit Q1 and the power supply unit 42. There is no supply power path.
　すなわち、給電回路４１と電源部４２とは、整流器２の直流出力端子間において、電気的に直列に接続されている。電源入力端子４０１は、給電回路４１の入力端子に相当し、整流器２の正極の直流出力端子に電気的に接続される。そのため、スイッチ部Ｑ１がオフ状態にある場合、電源入力端子４０１とグランド（基準電位点）との間には、全波整流されたスイッチ間電圧Ｖｓｗ、つまり整流器２から出力される脈流電圧が印加されることになる。電源出力端子４０２は、電源部４２の出力端子に相当し、制御部５に電気的に接続される。これにより、電源部４２が制御電圧を生成するときには、電源部４２への供給電力は、必ず給電回路４１を介して電源部４２に供給されることになる。給電回路４１は、スイッチ間電圧Ｖｓｗの大きさ（絶対値）が所定値以上になれば電源部４２に供給電力を供給するように構成されている。給電回路４１は、例えば、入力電圧（スイッチ間電圧Ｖｓｗ）を降圧して電源部４２に出力するドロッパ回路である。電源生成ブロック４の具体的な構成については、「（２．２）電源生成ブロックの構成」の欄で説明する。 That is, the power feeding circuit 41 and the power supply unit 42 are electrically connected in series between the DC output terminals of the rectifier 2. The power input terminal 401 corresponds to the input terminal of the power feeding circuit 41 and is electrically connected to the positive DC output terminal of the rectifier 2. Therefore, when the switch unit Q1 is in the off state, the full-wave rectified inter-switch voltage Vsw, that is, the pulsating voltage output from the rectifier 2 is between the power input terminal 401 and the ground (reference potential point). Will be applied. The power supply output terminal 402 corresponds to the output terminal of the power supply unit 42 and is electrically connected to the control unit 5. Thus, when the power supply unit 42 generates the control voltage, the power supplied to the power supply unit 42 is always supplied to the power supply unit 42 via the power feeding circuit 41. The power supply circuit 41 is configured to supply power to the power supply unit 42 when the magnitude (absolute value) of the inter-switch voltage Vsw becomes equal to or greater than a predetermined value. The power feeding circuit 41 is, for example, a dropper circuit that steps down the input voltage (inter-switch voltage Vsw) and outputs it to the power supply unit 42. The specific configuration of the power generation block 4 will be described in the section “(2.2) Configuration of the power generation block”.
　本実施形態における「電源入力端子」等の「端子」は、電線等を接続するための部品（端子）でなくてもよく、例えば、電子部品のリード、又は回路基板に含まれる導体の一部であってもよい。 The “terminal” such as “power input terminal” in the present embodiment may not be a component (terminal) for connecting an electric wire or the like, for example, a lead of an electronic component or a part of a conductor included in a circuit board. It may be.
　制御部５は、電源生成ブロック４から、制御電圧の供給を受けて動作する。制御部５は、スイッチ部Ｑ１を制御する機能を備えている。具体的には、制御部５は、センサ部３１の検知結果に基づいて、スイッチ部Ｑ１の制御端子（双方向サイリスタのゲート端子）に制御信号を出力することにより、スイッチ部Ｑ１の導通と非導通とを切り替えるように、スイッチ部Ｑ１を制御する。さらに、制御部５は、スイッチ部Ｑ１をオン状態とする場合には、電圧監視部３２から出力される監視信号に基づいて、制御信号を出力するタイミングを決定する。制御部５にはスイッチ部Ｑ１を駆動するための駆動回路が含まれており、制御部５は直接的にスイッチ部Ｑ１を制御する。 The control unit 5 operates by receiving a control voltage from the power generation block 4. The control unit 5 has a function of controlling the switch unit Q1. Specifically, the control unit 5 outputs a control signal to the control terminal of the switch unit Q1 (the gate terminal of the bidirectional thyristor) based on the detection result of the sensor unit 31, thereby making the switch unit Q1 conductive and non-conductive. The switch unit Q1 is controlled to switch between conduction. Further, when the switch unit Q1 is turned on, the control unit 5 determines the timing for outputting the control signal based on the monitoring signal output from the voltage monitoring unit 32. The control unit 5 includes a drive circuit for driving the switch unit Q1, and the control unit 5 directly controls the switch unit Q1.
　制御部５は、例えば、マイクロコンピュータを主構成として備えている。マイクロコンピュータは、マイクロコンピュータのメモリに記録されているプログラムをＣＰＵ（Central Processing Unit）で実行することにより、制御部５としての機能を実現する。プログラムは、予めマイコンのメモリに記録されていてもよいし、メモリカードのような記録媒体に記録されて提供されたり、電気通信回線を通して提供されたりしてもよい。言い換えれば、上記プログラムは、マイクロコンピュータを、制御部５として機能させるためのプログラムである。 The control unit 5 includes, for example, a microcomputer as a main configuration. The microcomputer realizes a function as the control unit 5 by executing a program recorded in the memory of the microcomputer by a CPU (Central Processing Unit). The program may be recorded in advance in a memory of a microcomputer, may be provided by being recorded on a recording medium such as a memory card, or may be provided through an electric communication line. In other words, the program is a program for causing the microcomputer to function as the control unit 5.
　センサ部３１は、検知エリアに人が存在するか否かを検知する。センサ部３１は、例えば、焦電素子を含んでおり、人体から放出される赤外線を検出することによって、検知エリアに人が存在するか否かを判断する。センサ部３１は、検知エリアに人が存在することを検知すると、スイッチ部Ｑ１をオン状態とするためのオン制御指示を、制御部５に出力する。 The sensor unit 31 detects whether or not a person is present in the detection area. The sensor unit 31 includes, for example, a pyroelectric element, and determines whether there is a person in the detection area by detecting infrared rays emitted from the human body. When the sensor unit 31 detects that a person is present in the detection area, the sensor unit 31 outputs to the control unit 5 an on control instruction for turning on the switch unit Q1.
　電圧監視部３２は、スイッチ間電圧Ｖｓｗの大きさを監視（検出）するように構成されている。本実施形態では、電圧監視部３２は、整流器２の直流出力端子間に電気的に接続されており、全波整流後のスイッチ間電圧Ｖｓｗの大きさを監視する。電圧監視部３２は、スイッチ間電圧Ｖｓｗの大きさ（絶対値）と基準値とを比較し、比較結果を表す監視信号を制御部５に出力する。 The voltage monitoring unit 32 is configured to monitor (detect) the magnitude of the inter-switch voltage Vsw. In the present embodiment, the voltage monitoring unit 32 is electrically connected between the DC output terminals of the rectifier 2 and monitors the magnitude of the inter-switch voltage Vsw after full-wave rectification. The voltage monitoring unit 32 compares the magnitude (absolute value) of the inter-switch voltage Vsw with a reference value, and outputs a monitoring signal indicating the comparison result to the control unit 5.
　制御部５は、センサ部３１からオン制御指示を受けると、電圧監視部３２からの監視信号に基づいて、スイッチ部Ｑ１に制御信号を出力する。具体的には、制御部５は、電圧監視部３２からの監視信号に基づいて、スイッチ間電圧Ｖｓｗの大きさ（絶対値）が基準値以上になった際に、スイッチ部Ｑ１を導通させる。スイッチ部Ｑ１は、上述したように双方向サイリスタからなるので、制御信号が入力されると導通し、交流電源１１からの交流電圧Ｖａｃのゼロクロス点（０〔Ｖ〕）付近で非導通となる。厳密には、スイッチ部Ｑ１が導通後、スイッチ部Ｑ１を流れる電流が０〔Ａ〕になるとスイッチ部Ｑ１が非導通となるので、負荷１２の種類によっては、交流電圧Ｖａｃのゼロクロス点よりも早いタイミングでスイッチ部Ｑ１が非導通となることもある。そこで、制御部５は、交流電圧Ｖａｃの半周期ごとに制御信号を出力することにより、スイッチ部Ｑ１を導通する。つまり、ここでいうスイッチ部Ｑ１のオン状態とは、スイッチ部Ｑ１が連続的に導通している状態だけではなく、スイッチ部Ｑ１が間欠的に導通している状態を含む。また、制御部５は、スイッチ部Ｑ１をオフ状態とする場合、スイッチ部Ｑ１に制御信号を出力しないことにより、スイッチ部Ｑ１を非導通に維持する。 When receiving the ON control instruction from the sensor unit 31, the control unit 5 outputs a control signal to the switch unit Q1 based on the monitoring signal from the voltage monitoring unit 32. Specifically, based on the monitoring signal from the voltage monitoring unit 32, the control unit 5 causes the switch unit Q1 to conduct when the magnitude (absolute value) of the inter-switch voltage Vsw is greater than or equal to a reference value. Since the switch unit Q1 is composed of a bidirectional thyristor as described above, the switch unit Q1 becomes conductive when a control signal is input, and becomes non-conductive near the zero cross point (0 [V]) of the AC voltage Vac from the AC power supply 11. Strictly speaking, when the current flowing through the switch portion Q1 becomes 0 [A] after the switch portion Q1 is turned on, the switch portion Q1 becomes non-conductive. Therefore, depending on the type of the load 12, it is earlier than the zero cross point of the AC voltage Vac. The switch part Q1 may become non-conductive at the timing. Therefore, the control unit 5 conducts the switch unit Q1 by outputting a control signal every half cycle of the AC voltage Vac. That is, the ON state of the switch part Q1 here includes not only the state in which the switch part Q1 is continuously conducted but also the state in which the switch part Q1 is intermittently conducted. Moreover, the control part 5 maintains the switch part Q1 non-conducting by not outputting a control signal to the switch part Q1, when making the switch part Q1 into an OFF state.
　（２．２）電源生成ブロック
　次に、電源生成ブロック４の詳細について、図３を参照して説明する。 (2.2) Power Generation Block Next, details of the power generation block 4 will be described with reference to FIG.
　給電回路４１は、ツェナダイオードＺＤ１と、能動素子Ｑ１０と、第１の抵抗Ｒ１と、第２の抵抗Ｒ２と、ダイオードＤ１と、電流制限部４３とを有している。電源部４２は、コンデンサＣ１と、レギュレータ４４とを有している。給電回路４１は、電源入力端子４０１から入力される電圧を降圧して電源部４２に出力するドロッパ回路である。 The power feeding circuit 41 includes a Zener diode ZD1, an active element Q10, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a diode D1, and a current limiting unit 43. The power supply unit 42 includes a capacitor C <b> 1 and a regulator 44. The power feeding circuit 41 is a dropper circuit that steps down the voltage input from the power input terminal 401 and outputs the voltage to the power supply unit 42.
　電源入力端子４０１とグランドとの間においては、抵抗Ｒ１、能動素子Ｑ１０、ダイオードＤ１及びコンデンサＣ１が、電気的に直列に接続されている。これにより、抵抗Ｒ１、能動素子Ｑ１０及びダイオードＤ１の直列回路は、電源部４２への供給電力の経路の一部、つまりコンデンサＣ１の充電経路４０の一部を構成する。能動素子Ｑ１０とダイオードＤ１との間には電流制限部４３の第３の抵抗Ｒ３が介在するが、ここではまず電流制限部４３が省略（つまり能動素子Ｑ１０とダイオードＤ１とが直接接続）されていることとして、給電回路４１の構成を説明する。 Between the power input terminal 401 and the ground, a resistor R1, an active element Q10, a diode D1, and a capacitor C1 are electrically connected in series. As a result, the series circuit of the resistor R1, the active element Q10, and the diode D1 constitutes a part of the path of power supplied to the power supply unit 42, that is, a part of the charging path 40 of the capacitor C1. The third resistor R3 of the current limiting unit 43 is interposed between the active element Q10 and the diode D1, but here the current limiting unit 43 is omitted first (that is, the active element Q10 and the diode D1 are directly connected). The structure of the power feeding circuit 41 will be described.
　能動素子Ｑ１０は、スイッチ部Ｑ１の両端間における、コンデンサＣ１の充電経路４０上に設けられ、スイッチ間電圧Ｖｓｗの大きさが所定値以上のときにオンする電圧駆動型の能動素子である。能動素子Ｑ１０は、一例として、エンハンスメント形のｎチャネルＭＯＳＦＥＴ（Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor）からなる。 The active element Q10 is a voltage-driven active element that is provided on the charging path 40 of the capacitor C1 between both ends of the switch unit Q1 and is turned on when the magnitude of the inter-switch voltage Vsw is a predetermined value or more. The active element Q10 is composed of, for example, an enhancement type n-channel MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor-Field-Effect-Transistor).
　能動素子Ｑ１０のドレイン端子は、抵抗Ｒ１を介して電源入力端子４０１に電気的に接続されている。能動素子Ｑ１０の出力端子となるソース端子は、ダイオードＤ１のアノード端子に電気的に接続されている。ダイオードＤ１のカソード端子は、コンデンサＣ１を介してグランドに電気的に接続されている。「能動素子Ｑ１０の出力端子」は、能動素子Ｑ１０をツェナダイオードＺＤ１との組み合わせで定電圧回路として用いた場合に、定電圧を出力する端子を意味している。一般的にトランジスタは一対の主端子（ＭＯＳＦＥＴであればドレイン端子及びソース端子）と制御端子（ＭＯＳＦＥＴであればゲート端子）とを有しているので、一対の主端子のうちの一方が、能動素子Ｑ１０の出力端子に相当する。 The drain terminal of the active element Q10 is electrically connected to the power input terminal 401 through the resistor R1. A source terminal serving as an output terminal of the active element Q10 is electrically connected to an anode terminal of the diode D1. The cathode terminal of the diode D1 is electrically connected to the ground via the capacitor C1. The “output terminal of the active element Q10” means a terminal that outputs a constant voltage when the active element Q10 is used as a constant voltage circuit in combination with the Zener diode ZD1. Generally, a transistor has a pair of main terminals (a drain terminal and a source terminal in the case of a MOSFET) and a control terminal (a gate terminal in the case of a MOSFET), so that one of the pair of main terminals is active. This corresponds to the output terminal of the element Q10.
　抵抗Ｒ２及びツェナダイオードＺＤ１は、電源入力端子４０１とグランドとの間において電気的に直列に接続されている。ツェナダイオードＺＤ１のカソード端子は、抵抗Ｒ２を介して電源入力端子４０１に電気的に接続されている。ツェナダイオードＺＤ１のアノード端子はグランドに電気的に接続されている。能動素子Ｑ１０のゲート端子（制御端子）は、ツェナダイオードＺＤ１のカソード端子に電気的に接続されている。 The resistor R2 and the Zener diode ZD1 are electrically connected in series between the power input terminal 401 and the ground. The cathode terminal of the Zener diode ZD1 is electrically connected to the power input terminal 401 via the resistor R2. The anode terminal of the Zener diode ZD1 is electrically connected to the ground. The gate terminal (control terminal) of the active element Q10 is electrically connected to the cathode terminal of the Zener diode ZD1.
　レギュレータ４４は、三端子レギュレータ（シリーズレギュレータ）である。レギュレータ４４の入力端子は、コンデンサＣ１の高電位側の端子、つまりダイオードＤ１のカソード端子に電気的に接続されている。レギュレータ４４の出力端子は、電源出力端子４０２に電気的に接続されている。 The regulator 44 is a three-terminal regulator (series regulator). The input terminal of the regulator 44 is electrically connected to the high potential side terminal of the capacitor C1, that is, the cathode terminal of the diode D1. The output terminal of the regulator 44 is electrically connected to the power supply output terminal 402.
　上記構成により、給電回路４１は、交流電源１１からの電力供給を受けて、ツェナダイオードＺＤ１のツェナ電圧（降伏電圧）に基づく定電圧にて、コンデンサＣ１を充電する。すなわち、抵抗Ｒ２及びツェナダイオードＺＤ１の直列回路により、能動素子Ｑ１０の閾値電圧以上のゲート電圧が能動素子Ｑ１０のゲート端子－ソース端子間に印加されると、能動素子Ｑ１０のソース端子から定電圧が出力される。このとき、能動素子Ｑ１０のゲート端子とグランドとの間の電圧は、ツェナダイオードＺＤ１のツェナ電圧にクランプされる。そのため、コンデンサＣ１の両端間には、ツェナ電圧から、能動素子Ｑ１０のゲート電圧及びダイオードＤ１の順方向電圧を差し引いた電圧が、印加されることになる。 With the above configuration, the power supply circuit 41 receives power supplied from the AC power supply 11 and charges the capacitor C1 with a constant voltage based on the Zener voltage (breakdown voltage) of the Zener diode ZD1. That is, when a gate voltage higher than the threshold voltage of the active element Q10 is applied between the gate terminal and the source terminal of the active element Q10 by a series circuit of the resistor R2 and the Zener diode ZD1, a constant voltage is generated from the source terminal of the active element Q10. Is output. At this time, the voltage between the gate terminal of the active element Q10 and the ground is clamped to the Zener voltage of the Zener diode ZD1. Therefore, a voltage obtained by subtracting the gate voltage of the active element Q10 and the forward voltage of the diode D1 from the Zener voltage is applied between both ends of the capacitor C1.
　言い換えれば、スイッチ部Ｑ１の両端間の電圧、つまり電源入力端子４０１及びグランド間に印加される電圧の大きさが、所定値以上になると、能動素子Ｑ１０がオンして電源部４２に供給電力が供給される。ここでいう所定値は、コンデンサＣ１の両端電圧に、ツェナダイオードＺＤ１のツェナ電圧と、能動素子Ｑ１０のゲート電圧と、ダイオードＤ１の順方向電圧とを加算した電圧（以下、「最低充電電圧」ともいう）である。これにより、スイッチ部Ｑ１の両端間の電圧が最低充電電圧以上であるときに、コンデンサＣ１は定電圧にて充電される。コンデンサＣ１の両端電圧は、レギュレータ４４にて降圧され、電源出力端子４０２から出力される。このようにして、電源部４２は、電源出力端子４０２から定電圧の制御電圧を出力する。 In other words, when the voltage across the switch Q1, that is, the voltage applied between the power supply input terminal 401 and the ground exceeds a predetermined value, the active element Q10 is turned on and the power supplied to the power supply 42 is supplied. Supplied. The predetermined value here is a voltage obtained by adding the Zener voltage of the Zener diode ZD1, the gate voltage of the active element Q10, and the forward voltage of the diode D1 to the voltage across the capacitor C1 (hereinafter referred to as “minimum charging voltage”). Say). Thereby, when the voltage between both ends of the switch part Q1 is more than the minimum charging voltage, the capacitor C1 is charged with a constant voltage. The voltage across the capacitor C1 is stepped down by the regulator 44 and output from the power output terminal 402. In this way, the power supply unit 42 outputs a constant control voltage from the power supply output terminal 402.
　要するに、スイッチ間電圧Ｖｓｗが最低充電電圧以上であれば、給電回路４１の能動素子Ｑ１０がオンするため、給電回路４１の入力インピーダンスは低インピーダンス状態になる。したがって、電源部４２に供給電力が供給されて、電源部４２にて制御電圧が生成される。ただし、コンデンサＣ１が満充電状態になれば、給電回路４１から電源部４２に電流が流れなくなるので、給電回路４１の入力インピーダンスは、高インピーダンス状態になる。 In short, if the inter-switch voltage Vsw is equal to or higher than the minimum charging voltage, the active element Q10 of the power supply circuit 41 is turned on, so that the input impedance of the power supply circuit 41 is in a low impedance state. Therefore, supply power is supplied to the power supply unit 42, and a control voltage is generated in the power supply unit 42. However, when the capacitor C1 is in a fully charged state, no current flows from the power supply circuit 41 to the power supply unit 42, so the input impedance of the power supply circuit 41 is in a high impedance state.
　ところで、ここでいう最低充電電圧（所定値）は、給電回路４１が電源部４２に供給電力を供給するために必要な電圧値であって、例えば、ツェナダイオードＺＤ１のツェナ電圧などの回路定数により任意に設定可能である。 By the way, the minimum charging voltage (predetermined value) here is a voltage value necessary for the power feeding circuit 41 to supply power to the power supply unit 42, and depends on, for example, a circuit constant such as a Zener voltage of the Zener diode ZD1. It can be set arbitrarily.
　ここで、本実施形態では、給電回路４１の能動素子Ｑ１０がＭＯＳＦＥＴであることで、能動素子Ｑ１０がバイポーラトランジスタである構成（以下、「比較例」という）に比べて、最低充電電圧を低く抑えることが可能である。その理由について、以下に簡単に説明する。 Here, in the present embodiment, since the active element Q10 of the power feeding circuit 41 is a MOSFET, the minimum charging voltage is suppressed lower than the configuration in which the active element Q10 is a bipolar transistor (hereinafter referred to as “comparative example”). It is possible. The reason will be briefly described below.
　抵抗Ｒ２を通る電流経路は、リーク電流の発生を抑制するために、比較的、高インピーダンスを持つことが要求される。ここでいうリーク電流は、スイッチ部Ｑ１が非導通であるときに、給電回路４１を通して流れる比較的大きな電流であって、負荷１２の誤動作の原因となり得る電流である。例えば、負荷１２が照明装置である場合、リーク電流が発生すると、負荷１２の光源が一時的に点灯する、いわゆるフラッシュ現象が発生する可能性がある。 The current path passing through the resistor R2 is required to have a relatively high impedance in order to suppress the occurrence of leakage current. The leakage current here is a relatively large current that flows through the power feeding circuit 41 when the switch portion Q1 is non-conductive, and is a current that can cause a malfunction of the load 12. For example, when the load 12 is a lighting device, when a leak current occurs, a so-called flash phenomenon may occur in which the light source of the load 12 is temporarily turned on.
　抵抗Ｒ２を通る電流経路が高インピーダンスであると、能動素子Ｑ１０がバイポーラトランジスタである比較例では、バイポーラトランジスタにベース電流を流すために必要なスイッチ間電圧Ｖｓｗは比較的大きくなる。これに対して、本実施形態では、能動素子Ｑ１０がＭＯＳＦＥＴであるので、抵抗Ｒ２を通る電流経路のインピーダンスに関わらず、能動素子Ｑ１０に所定のゲート電圧が印加されさえすれば、能動素子Ｑ１０がオンして電源部４２に供給電力が供給される。したがって、本実施形態の電子スイッチ装置１では、比較例に比べて、最低充電電圧を低く（一例として１０〔Ｖ〕程度）抑えることができる。 When the current path passing through the resistor R2 has a high impedance, in the comparative example in which the active element Q10 is a bipolar transistor, the inter-switch voltage Vsw necessary for flowing the base current to the bipolar transistor is relatively large. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, since the active element Q10 is a MOSFET, the active element Q10 is not limited as long as a predetermined gate voltage is applied to the active element Q10 regardless of the impedance of the current path passing through the resistor R2. The power is turned on to supply power to the power supply unit 42. Therefore, in the electronic switch device 1 of the present embodiment, the minimum charging voltage can be suppressed lower (about 10 [V] as an example) as compared with the comparative example.
　次に、電流制限部４３の構成について説明する。本実施形態では、電流制限部４３は、能動素子Ｑ１０を含む電源部４２への供給電力の経路、つまりコンデンサＣ１の充電経路４０上に設けられている。電流制限部４３は、交流電源１１から電源部４２に規定値以上の電流が流れると、電源部４２への供給電力の供給を停止させる。本実施形態では、電流制限部４３は、給電回路４１の能動素子Ｑ１０に規定値以上の電流が流れると、能動素子Ｑ１０をオフすることで、電源部４２への供給電力の供給を停止させる。 Next, the configuration of the current limiting unit 43 will be described. In the present embodiment, the current limiting unit 43 is provided on the path of power supplied to the power supply unit 42 including the active element Q10, that is, on the charging path 40 of the capacitor C1. The current limiting unit 43 stops the supply of supply power to the power source unit 42 when a current of a specified value or more flows from the AC power source 11 to the power source unit 42. In the present embodiment, the current limiting unit 43 stops the supply of supply power to the power supply unit 42 by turning off the active element Q10 when a current of a specified value or more flows through the active element Q10 of the power feeding circuit 41.
　具体的には、電流制限部４３は、第３の抵抗Ｒ３と、第４の抵抗Ｒ４と、スイッチ素子Ｑ１１とを有している。抵抗Ｒ３は、能動素子Ｑ１０の出力端子（ソース端子）に電気的に接続され、能動素子Ｑ１０に流れる電流を検出する検出抵抗として機能する、シャント抵抗である。ここでは、抵抗Ｒ３は、給電回路４１における能動素子Ｑ１０のソース端子とダイオードＤ１のアノード端子との間に、電気的に接続されている。 Specifically, the current limiting unit 43 includes a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, and a switch element Q11. The resistor R3 is a shunt resistor that is electrically connected to the output terminal (source terminal) of the active element Q10 and functions as a detection resistor that detects a current flowing through the active element Q10. Here, the resistor R3 is electrically connected between the source terminal of the active element Q10 and the anode terminal of the diode D1 in the power feeding circuit 41.
　スイッチ素子Ｑ１１は、能動素子Ｑ１０の出力端子（ソース端子）と制御端子（ゲート端子）との間に電気的に接続されている。スイッチ素子Ｑ１１は、一例として、ｎｐｎ形のバイポーラトランジスタからなる。スイッチ素子Ｑ１１のエミッタ端子は、抵抗Ｒ３を介して能動素子Ｑ１０のソース端子に電気的に接続されている。スイッチ素子Ｑ１１のコレクタ端子は、能動素子Ｑ１０のゲート端子に電気的に接続されている。スイッチ素子Ｑ１１のベース端子は、抵抗Ｒ４を介して能動素子Ｑ１０のソース端子に電気的に接続されている。言い換えれば、スイッチ素子Ｑ１１のベース端子－エミッタ端子間には、抵抗Ｒ３及び抵抗Ｒ４の直列回路が電気的に接続されている。 The switch element Q11 is electrically connected between the output terminal (source terminal) and the control terminal (gate terminal) of the active element Q10. For example, the switch element Q11 is formed of an npn-type bipolar transistor. The emitter terminal of the switch element Q11 is electrically connected to the source terminal of the active element Q10 via the resistor R3. The collector terminal of the switch element Q11 is electrically connected to the gate terminal of the active element Q10. The base terminal of the switch element Q11 is electrically connected to the source terminal of the active element Q10 via the resistor R4. In other words, a series circuit of the resistor R3 and the resistor R4 is electrically connected between the base terminal and the emitter terminal of the switch element Q11.
　上記構成によれば、電流制限部４３は、能動素子Ｑ１０を流れる電流（ドレイン電流）が規定値以上になると、抵抗Ｒ３の両端電圧にてスイッチ素子Ｑ１１がオンし、これにより能動素子Ｑ１０をオフにする。すなわち、能動素子Ｑ１０を通して抵抗Ｒ３に規定値以上の電流が流れると、この電流により抵抗Ｒ３に発生する電圧にてスイッチ素子Ｑ１１にバイアスがかかり、抵抗Ｒ４を通してスイッチ素子Ｑ１１のベース端子に電流が流れ込む。このとき、スイッチ素子Ｑ１１がオンすることで能動素子Ｑ１０のゲート端子－ソース端子間が短絡し、能動素子Ｑ１０がオフする。これにより、コンデンサＣ１の充電経路４０が遮断され、電源部４２での制御電圧の生成が停止する。言い換えれば、交流電源１１から電源部４２に規定値以上の電流が流れると、電流制限部４３にて電源入力端子４０１からコンデンサＣ１が電気的に切り離され、電源部４２への供給電力の供給が停止する。 According to the above configuration, when the current (drain current) flowing through the active element Q10 exceeds the specified value, the current limiting unit 43 turns on the switch element Q11 with the voltage across the resistor R3, thereby turning off the active element Q10. To. That is, when a current of a specified value or more flows through the active element Q10 through the resistor R3, the switch element Q11 is biased by the voltage generated in the resistor R3 due to this current, and the current flows into the base terminal of the switch element Q11 through the resistor R4. . At this time, when the switch element Q11 is turned on, the gate terminal and the source terminal of the active element Q10 are short-circuited, and the active element Q10 is turned off. Thereby, the charging path 40 of the capacitor C1 is cut off, and the generation of the control voltage in the power supply unit 42 is stopped. In other words, when a current of a specified value or more flows from the AC power supply 11 to the power supply unit 42, the capacitor C <b> 1 is electrically disconnected from the power supply input terminal 401 by the current limiting unit 43, and the supply power to the power supply unit 42 is supplied. Stop.
　ところで、ここでいう規定値は、電流制限部４３を作動させるときの給電回路４１の電流値であって、例えば、抵抗Ｒ３の抵抗値などの回路定数により任意に設定可能である。本実施形態では、一例として、給電回路４１の定格電流値に所定のマージンを加えた値を規定値とする。 Incidentally, the specified value here is a current value of the power feeding circuit 41 when the current limiting unit 43 is operated, and can be arbitrarily set by a circuit constant such as a resistance value of the resistor R3, for example. In the present embodiment, as an example, a value obtained by adding a predetermined margin to the rated current value of the power feeding circuit 41 is set as the specified value.
　（２．３）動作
　次に、電子スイッチ装置１及び電子スイッチシステム１０の動作について、図４を参照して説明する。 (2.3) Operation Next, operations of the electronic switch device 1 and the electronic switch system 10 will be described with reference to FIG.
　図４では、第１電子スイッチ装置１Ａ及び第２電子スイッチ装置１Ｂの両方のスイッチ部Ｑ１がオフ状態にある状態から、時点ｔ１にて、第２電子スイッチ装置１Ｂのスイッチ部Ｑ１がオン状態に移行する場合の動作を例示する。図４は、上段から順に、交流電圧「Ｖａｃ」、スイッチ間電圧「Ｖｓｗ」、第１電子スイッチ装置１Ａの監視信号「Ｓ１ａ」、第２電子スイッチ装置１Ｂの監視信号「Ｓ１ｂ」、第２電子スイッチ装置１Ｂのスイッチ部Ｑ１の状態（導通／非導通）を示している。スイッチ部Ｑ１の状態を表す「Ｑ１」については、「ＯＮ」が導通を表し、「ＯＦＦ」が非導通を表す。図４の例では、監視信号Ｓ１ａ，Ｓ１ｂの信号レベルは、スイッチ間電圧Ｖｓｗの絶対値が基準値Ｖｔｈ１以上のときにＬレベル（Low level）、スイッチ間電圧Ｖｓｗの絶対値が基準値Ｖｔｈ１未満のときにＨレベル（High level）である。 In FIG. 4, the switch part Q1 of the second electronic switch device 1B is turned on at the time point t1 from the state where both the switch parts Q1 of the first electronic switch device 1A and the second electronic switch device 1B are turned off. The operation | movement in the case of transfer is illustrated. FIG. 4 shows the AC voltage “Vac”, the inter-switch voltage “Vsw”, the monitoring signal “S1a” of the first electronic switching device 1A, the monitoring signal “S1b” of the second electronic switching device 1B, and the second electronic The state (conduction / non-conduction) of the switch part Q1 of the switch apparatus 1B is shown. As for “Q1” representing the state of the switch part Q1, “ON” represents conduction and “OFF” represents non-conduction. In the example of FIG. 4, the signal levels of the monitoring signals S1a and S1b are L level (Low level) when the absolute value of the inter-switch voltage Vsw is greater than or equal to the reference value Vth1, and the absolute value of the inter-switch voltage Vsw is less than the reference value Vth1. Is at the H level (High level).
　まず、第１電子スイッチ装置１Ａ及び第２電子スイッチ装置１Ｂの両方のスイッチ部Ｑ１がオフ状態であるときの動作について説明する。 First, the operation when both the switch parts Q1 of the first electronic switch device 1A and the second electronic switch device 1B are in the off state will be described.
　この状態では、第１電子スイッチ装置１Ａ及び第２電子スイッチ装置１Ｂの両方のスイッチ部Ｑ１がオフ状態であるので、スイッチ間電圧Ｖｓｗは、交流電圧Ｖａｃと同電圧となる。図４では、第１電子スイッチ装置１Ａにおけるスイッチ部Ｑ１の両端電圧を示しているが、第２電子スイッチ装置１Ｂにおけるスイッチ部Ｑ１の両端電圧も、第１電子スイッチ装置１Ａにおけるスイッチ部Ｑ１の両端電圧と同じである。 In this state, since both the switch portions Q1 of the first electronic switch device 1A and the second electronic switch device 1B are in the OFF state, the inter-switch voltage Vsw is the same voltage as the AC voltage Vac. FIG. 4 shows the voltage across the switch unit Q1 in the first electronic switch device 1A, but the voltage across the switch unit Q1 in the second electronic switch device 1B is also the voltage across the switch unit Q1 in the first electronic switch device 1A. Same as voltage.
　この状態においては、２つの電子スイッチ装置１Ａ，１Ｂのいずれでも、交流電圧Ｖａｃの１周期のうちの殆どの期間において、スイッチ間電圧Ｖｓｗが十分に大きくなる。そのため、２つの電子スイッチ装置１Ａ，１Ｂのいずれでも、交流電圧Ｖａｃの１周期のうちの殆どの期間において、スイッチ間電圧Ｖｓｗが最低充電電圧以上となり、電源部４２に供給電力が供給されて電源部４２での制御電圧の生成が可能となる。 In this state, in both of the two electronic switch devices 1A and 1B, the inter-switch voltage Vsw becomes sufficiently large in most of the period of one cycle of the AC voltage Vac. Therefore, in both of the two electronic switch devices 1A and 1B, the inter-switch voltage Vsw becomes equal to or higher than the minimum charging voltage during most of one cycle of the AC voltage Vac, and the power is supplied to the power source unit 42 to supply power. The control voltage can be generated by the unit 42.
　次に、第２電子スイッチ装置１Ｂのスイッチ部Ｑ１がオン状態であるときの動作について説明する。第１電子スイッチ装置１Ａのスイッチ部Ｑ１はオフ状態を維持している。 Next, the operation when the switch part Q1 of the second electronic switch device 1B is in the on state will be described. The switch part Q1 of the first electronic switch device 1A is maintained in the off state.
　時点ｔ１にて、第２電子スイッチ装置１Ｂのスイッチ部Ｑ１がオン状態に移行すると、第２電子スイッチ装置１Ｂのスイッチ部Ｑ１が導通している間は、スイッチ部Ｑ１の両端間が短絡されるのでスイッチ間電圧Ｖｓｗが略０〔Ｖ〕となる。第２電子スイッチ装置１Ｂのスイッチ部Ｑ１は、交流電圧Ｖａｃのゼロクロス点（０〔Ｖ〕）付近、つまり時点ｔ２で非導通となる。その後、スイッチ間電圧Ｖｓｗの大きさ（絶対値）が基準値Ｖｔｈ１未満である間は、監視信号Ｓ１ａ，Ｓ１ｂはＨレベルであるが、スイッチ間電圧Ｖｓｗの大きさ（絶対値）が基準値Ｖｔｈ１以上になると、監視信号Ｓ１ａ，Ｓ１ｂはＬレベルになる。そのため、図４の例では、スイッチ間電圧Ｖｓｗの大きさ（絶対値）が基準値Ｖｔｈ１に達する時点ｔ３までの期間は監視信号Ｓ１ａ，Ｓ１ｂはＨレベルであって、時点ｔ３で監視信号Ｓ１ａ，Ｓ１ｂはＬレベルになる。 When the switch part Q1 of the second electronic switch device 1B shifts to the ON state at the time point t1, both ends of the switch part Q1 are short-circuited while the switch part Q1 of the second electronic switch device 1B is conductive. Therefore, the inter-switch voltage Vsw becomes approximately 0 [V]. The switch part Q1 of the second electronic switch device 1B becomes non-conductive near the zero cross point (0 [V]) of the AC voltage Vac, that is, at the time point t2. Thereafter, while the magnitude (absolute value) of the inter-switch voltage Vsw is less than the reference value Vth1, the monitoring signals S1a and S1b are at the H level, but the magnitude (absolute value) of the inter-switch voltage Vsw is the reference value Vth1. If it becomes above, monitoring signal S1a, S1b will be L level. Therefore, in the example of FIG. 4, the monitoring signals S1a and S1b are at the H level during a period until the time point t3 when the magnitude (absolute value) of the inter-switch voltage Vsw reaches the reference value Vth1, and the monitoring signal S1a, S1b becomes L level.
　監視信号Ｓ１ｂがＬレベルになると、第２電子スイッチ装置１Ｂの制御部５は、スイッチ部Ｑ１を導通させる。そのため、時点ｔ３の直後の時点ｔ４においては、第２電子スイッチ装置１Ｂのスイッチ部Ｑ１は導通し、スイッチ間電圧Ｖｓｗが略０〔Ｖ〕となる。よって、時点ｔ４にて、監視信号Ｓ１ａ，Ｓ１ｂはＨレベルになる。第２電子スイッチ装置１Ｂのスイッチ部Ｑ１がオン状態である間は、第２電子スイッチ装置１Ｂは上述の動作を繰り返すことにより、スイッチ間電圧Ｖｓｗは、時点ｔ２から時点ｔ４までの期間に、間欠的に発生する。 When the monitoring signal S1b becomes L level, the control unit 5 of the second electronic switch device 1B makes the switch unit Q1 conductive. Therefore, at time point t4 immediately after time point t3, the switch part Q1 of the second electronic switch device 1B becomes conductive, and the inter-switch voltage Vsw becomes substantially 0 [V]. Therefore, at time t4, the monitoring signals S1a and S1b become H level. While the switch part Q1 of the second electronic switch device 1B is in the ON state, the second electronic switch device 1B repeats the above-described operation, so that the inter-switch voltage Vsw is intermittent during the period from the time point t2 to the time point t4. Will occur.
　この状態においては、スイッチ部Ｑ１がオフ状態にある第１電子スイッチ装置１Ａでは、交流電圧Ｖａｃの１周期のうちの時点ｔ２から時点ｔ４までの期間に、電源部４２での制御電圧の生成が可能である。また、スイッチ部Ｑ１がオン状態にある第２電子スイッチ装置１Ｂにおいても、第１電子スイッチ装置１Ａと同様に、交流電圧Ｖａｃの１周期のうちの時点ｔ２から時点ｔ４までの期間に、電源部４２での制御電圧の生成が可能である。つまり、電子スイッチ装置１では、上述したようにスイッチ間電圧Ｖｓｗが最低充電電圧以上であれば、給電回路４１から電源部４２に供給電力が供給され、電源部４２での制御電圧の生成が可能である。したがって、スイッチ間電圧Ｖｓｗが比較的低い場合でも、最低充電電圧以上のスイッチ間電圧Ｖｓｗが生じてさえいれば、電源部４２での制御電圧の生成が可能である。 In this state, in the first electronic switch device 1A in which the switch unit Q1 is in the OFF state, the control voltage is generated by the power source unit 42 during the period from the time point t2 to the time point t4 in one cycle of the AC voltage Vac. Is possible. Also in the second electronic switch device 1B in which the switch unit Q1 is in the ON state, in the same manner as the first electronic switch device 1A, in the period from the time point t2 to the time point t4 in one cycle of the AC voltage Vac, The generation of the control voltage at 42 is possible. That is, in the electronic switch device 1, if the inter-switch voltage Vsw is equal to or higher than the minimum charging voltage as described above, supply power is supplied from the power supply circuit 41 to the power supply unit 42, and a control voltage can be generated in the power supply unit 42. It is. Therefore, even when the inter-switch voltage Vsw is relatively low, the control voltage can be generated in the power supply unit 42 as long as the inter-switch voltage Vsw equal to or higher than the minimum charging voltage is generated.
　一例として、電圧監視部３２にてスイッチ間電圧Ｖｓｗの大きさ（絶対値）と比較される基準値Ｖｔｈ１が、最低充電電圧以上であれば、交流電圧Ｖａｃの１周期のうちの時点ｔ２から時点ｔ４までの期間に、電源部４２での制御電圧の生成が可能となる。つまり、基準値Ｖｔｈ１が最低充電電圧以上であれば、スイッチ部Ｑ１が非導通になった後、スイッチ部Ｑ１が再び導通するまでの間に、スイッチ間電圧Ｖｓｗは必ず最低充電電圧以上となるので、電源部４２での制御電圧の生成が可能である。 As an example, if the reference value Vth1 compared with the magnitude (absolute value) of the inter-switch voltage Vsw in the voltage monitoring unit 32 is equal to or higher than the minimum charging voltage, the time point from the time point t2 in one cycle of the AC voltage Vac. During the period up to t4, the control voltage can be generated by the power supply unit. That is, if the reference value Vth1 is equal to or higher than the minimum charge voltage, the inter-switch voltage Vsw is always equal to or higher than the minimum charge voltage after the switch portion Q1 is turned off and before the switch portion Q1 is turned on again. The control voltage can be generated by the power supply unit 42.
　（３）利点
　以上説明したように、第１の態様に係る電子スイッチ装置１は、スイッチ部Ｑ１と、電源部４２と、制御部５と、給電回路４１と、を備えている。スイッチ部Ｑ１は、交流電源１１と負荷１２との間に電気的に接続され、交流電源１１と負荷１２との間の導通と非導通とを切り替える。電源部４２は、スイッチ部Ｑ１の両端間に電気的に接続され、交流電源１１からの供給電力により制御電圧を生成する。制御部５は、電源部４２から上記制御電圧の供給を受けて動作し、スイッチ部Ｑ１を制御する。給電回路４１は、スイッチ部Ｑ１の両端間に電気的に接続され、スイッチ部Ｑ１と電源部４２との間における上記供給電力の単一の経路となる。給電回路４１は、スイッチ部Ｑ１の両端間の電圧の大きさが所定値以上になれば電源部４２に上記供給電力を供給するように構成されている。 (3) Advantages As described above, the electronic switch device 1 according to the first aspect includes the switch unit Q1, the power supply unit 42, the control unit 5, and the power feeding circuit 41. The switch unit Q1 is electrically connected between the AC power supply 11 and the load 12, and switches between conduction and non-conduction between the AC power supply 11 and the load 12. The power supply unit 42 is electrically connected between both ends of the switch unit Q <b> 1 and generates a control voltage by power supplied from the AC power supply 11. The control unit 5 operates by receiving the control voltage from the power supply unit 42, and controls the switch unit Q1. The power feeding circuit 41 is electrically connected between both ends of the switch unit Q1, and serves as a single path for the supplied power between the switch unit Q1 and the power supply unit. The power feeding circuit 41 is configured to supply the supplied power to the power source unit 42 when the voltage across the switch unit Q1 exceeds a predetermined value.
　この構成によれば、交流電源１１からの供給電力により制御電圧を生成する電源部４２には、給電回路４１からなる単一の経路を通して、供給電力が供給される。すなわち、交流電源１１から電源部４２への供給電力の経路は、スイッチ部Ｑ１と電源部４２との間に一つだけ存在するのであって、給電回路４１以外には、電源部４２への供給電力の経路は存在しない。しかも、給電回路４１は、スイッチ部Ｑ１の両端間の電圧の大きさが所定値（最低充電電圧）以上になれば電源部４２に上記供給電力を供給する。よって、給電回路４１は、電源部４２への供給電力の経路を切り替えることなく、スイッチ部Ｑ１がオン状態及びオフ状態のいずれにあっても、電源部４２には、常に同一の経路にて、供給電力が供給される。結果的に、電子スイッチ装置１では、負荷１２の通電時に制御電圧を確保するためにカレントトランスが必要でなく、小型化が可能である。さらに、電子スイッチ装置１では、電源部４２への供給電力の経路を切り替えるための構成、及び電源部４２への供給電力の経路を切り替えるための複雑な制御も不要であるから、より小型化が可能である。 According to this configuration, the supply power is supplied to the power supply unit 42 that generates the control voltage by the supply power from the AC power supply 11 through the single path including the power feeding circuit 41. In other words, there is only one path of power supplied from the AC power supply 11 to the power supply unit 42 between the switch unit Q1 and the power supply unit 42. There is no power path. In addition, the power feeding circuit 41 supplies the power supply 42 to the power supply unit 42 when the magnitude of the voltage across the switch unit Q1 exceeds a predetermined value (minimum charging voltage). Therefore, the power feeding circuit 41 always has the same path to the power supply unit 42 regardless of whether the switch unit Q1 is in the on state or the off state without switching the power supply path to the power supply unit 42. Supply power is supplied. As a result, the electronic switch device 1 does not require a current transformer to secure a control voltage when the load 12 is energized, and can be downsized. Furthermore, since the electronic switch device 1 does not require a configuration for switching the path of power supplied to the power supply unit 42 and complicated control for switching the path of power supplied to the power supply unit 42, the electronic switch device 1 can be further downsized. Is possible.
　また、第２の態様に係る電子スイッチ装置１では、第１の態様において、電源部４２はコンデンサＣ１を有することが好ましい。この場合、給電回路４１は、電圧駆動型の能動素子Ｑ１０を有することが好ましい。能動素子Ｑ１０は、スイッチ部Ｑ１の両端間におけるコンデンサＣ１の充電経路４０に設けられ、スイッチ部Ｑ１の両端間の電圧の大きさが所定値以上のときにオンする。この構成によれば、上述した比較例のように、給電回路４１にバイポーラトランジスタを適用した構成に比べて、スイッチ間電圧Ｖｓｗがより低い電圧でも、コンデンサＣ１を充電して制御電圧を確保することが可能である。ただし、この構成は電子スイッチ装置１に必須の構成ではなく、例えば、能動素子Ｑ１０は電圧駆動型の素子でなくてもよい。 Further, in the electronic switch device 1 according to the second aspect, in the first aspect, it is preferable that the power supply unit 42 includes the capacitor C1. In this case, the power feeding circuit 41 preferably includes a voltage-driven active element Q10. The active element Q10 is provided in the charging path 40 of the capacitor C1 between both ends of the switch unit Q1, and is turned on when the magnitude of the voltage between both ends of the switch unit Q1 is a predetermined value or more. According to this configuration, as in the comparative example described above, the capacitor C1 is charged and the control voltage is secured even when the voltage Vsw between the switches is lower than in the configuration in which the bipolar transistor is applied to the power supply circuit 41. Is possible. However, this configuration is not an essential configuration for the electronic switch device 1. For example, the active element Q10 may not be a voltage-driven element.
　また、第３の態様に係る電子スイッチ装置１では、第２の態様において、能動素子Ｑ１０は電界効果トランジスタ（ＦＥＴ）であることが好ましい。この構成によれば、特殊な部品を用いることなく、給電回路４１を実現することが可能である。ただし、この構成は電子スイッチ装置１に必須の構成ではなく、能動素子Ｑ１０は例えばＩＧＢＴ（Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor）などであってもよい。 In the electronic switch device 1 according to the third aspect, in the second aspect, the active element Q10 is preferably a field effect transistor (FET). According to this configuration, the power feeding circuit 41 can be realized without using special parts. However, this configuration is not essential for the electronic switch device 1, and the active element Q10 may be, for example, an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor).
　また、第４の態様に係る電子スイッチ装置１では、第１～３のいずれかの態様において、給電回路４１は、交流電源１１から電源部４２に規定値以上の電流が流れると、電源部４２への供給電力の供給を停止させる電流制限部４３を有することが好ましい。この構成によれば、給電回路４１に流れる電流が制限されることにより、給電回路４１の構成部品に掛かるストレスを低減でき、給電回路４１に要求される電流容量を小さくできる。さらに、電流制限部４３によれば、例えば交流電源１１の投入時などに給電回路４１に流れる突入電流を抑制することにより、負荷１２が誤動作（例えばフラッシュ現象の発生など）することも抑制可能である。ただし、この構成は電子スイッチ装置１に必須の構成ではなく、例えば、能動素子Ｑ１０に電流容量の大きな素子を適用したり、コンデンサＣ１に静電容量の小さな素子を適用したりすることで、電流制限部４３は省略されていてもよい。 In the electronic switch device 1 according to the fourth aspect, in any one of the first to third aspects, the power supply circuit 41 causes the power supply section 42 to flow when a current of a specified value or more flows from the AC power supply 11 to the power supply section 42. It is preferable to have a current limiting unit 43 that stops the supply of power supplied to the. According to this configuration, since the current flowing through the power feeding circuit 41 is limited, the stress applied to the components of the power feeding circuit 41 can be reduced, and the current capacity required for the power feeding circuit 41 can be reduced. Furthermore, according to the current limiting unit 43, it is possible to suppress malfunction of the load 12 (for example, occurrence of a flash phenomenon) by suppressing an inrush current flowing through the power supply circuit 41 when the AC power supply 11 is turned on, for example. is there. However, this configuration is not an essential configuration for the electronic switch device 1. For example, by applying an element having a large current capacity to the active element Q10 or applying an element having a small capacitance to the capacitor C1, the current can be reduced. The restriction unit 43 may be omitted.
　また、第５の態様に係る電子スイッチ装置１は、第１～４のいずれかの態様において、センサ部３１を更に備え、制御部５は、センサ部３１の出力に基づいてスイッチ部Ｑ１を制御するように構成されていることが好ましい。この構成によれば、電源部４２で生成される制御電圧にてセンサ部３１を駆動でき、センサ部３１の出力によってスイッチ部Ｑ１を自動的に制御することが可能である。ただし、この構成は電子スイッチ装置１に必須の構成ではなく、センサ部３１は適宜省略される。 The electronic switch device 1 according to the fifth aspect further includes a sensor unit 31 in any one of the first to fourth aspects, and the control unit 5 controls the switch unit Q1 based on the output of the sensor unit 31. It is preferable that it is comprised. According to this configuration, the sensor unit 31 can be driven by the control voltage generated by the power supply unit 42, and the switch unit Q1 can be automatically controlled by the output of the sensor unit 31. However, this configuration is not essential for the electronic switch device 1, and the sensor unit 31 is omitted as appropriate.
　また、電子スイッチシステム１０は、第１～５のいずれかの態様に係る電子スイッチ装置１を複数備え、複数の電子スイッチ装置１が備える複数のスイッチ部Ｑ１は、交流電源１１と負荷１２との間に電気的に並列に接続される。 The electronic switch system 10 includes a plurality of electronic switch devices 1 according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, and the plurality of switch units Q1 included in the plurality of electronic switch devices 1 includes an AC power supply 11 and a load 12. They are electrically connected in parallel.
　言い換えれば、電子スイッチシステム１０は、複数の電子スイッチ装置１を備え、これら複数の電子スイッチ装置１の各々は、スイッチ部Ｑ１と、電源部４２と、制御部５と、給電回路４１と、を備えている。スイッチ部Ｑ１は、交流電源１１と負荷１２との間に電気的に接続され、交流電源１１と負荷１２との間の導通と非導通とを切り替える。電源部４２は、スイッチ部Ｑ１の両端間に電気的に接続され、交流電源１１からの供給電力により制御電圧を生成する。制御部５は、電源部４２から上記制御電圧の供給を受けて動作し、スイッチ部Ｑ１を制御する。給電回路４１は、スイッチ部Ｑ１の両端間に電気的に接続され、スイッチ部Ｑ１と電源部４２との間における上記供給電力の単一の経路となる。給電回路４１は、スイッチ部Ｑ１の両端間の電圧の大きさが所定値以上になれば電源部４２に上記供給電力を供給するように構成されている。複数の電子スイッチ装置１がそれぞれ備える複数のスイッチ部Ｑ１は、交流電源１１と負荷１２との間に電気的に並列に接続される。 In other words, the electronic switch system 10 includes a plurality of electronic switch devices 1, and each of the plurality of electronic switch devices 1 includes a switch unit Q1, a power supply unit 42, a control unit 5, and a power feeding circuit 41. I have. The switch unit Q1 is electrically connected between the AC power supply 11 and the load 12, and switches between conduction and non-conduction between the AC power supply 11 and the load 12. The power supply unit 42 is electrically connected between both ends of the switch unit Q <b> 1 and generates a control voltage by power supplied from the AC power supply 11. The control unit 5 operates by receiving the control voltage from the power supply unit 42, and controls the switch unit Q1. The power feeding circuit 41 is electrically connected between both ends of the switch unit Q1, and serves as a single path for the supplied power between the switch unit Q1 and the power supply unit. The power feeding circuit 41 is configured to supply the supplied power to the power source unit 42 when the voltage across the switch unit Q1 exceeds a predetermined value. The plurality of switch portions Q1 included in each of the plurality of electronic switch devices 1 are electrically connected in parallel between the AC power supply 11 and the load 12.
　この構成によれば、複数の電子スイッチ装置１の各々において、給電回路４１は、電源部４２への供給電力の経路を切り替えることなく、スイッチ部Ｑ１がオン状態及びオフ状態のいずれにあっても、電源部４２には、常に同一の経路にて、供給電力が供給される。結果的に、各電子スイッチ装置１では、負荷１２の通電時に制御電圧を確保するためにカレントトランスが必要でなく、小型化が可能である。さらに、各電子スイッチ装置１では、電源部４２への供給電力の経路を切り替えるための構成、及び電源部４２への供給電力の経路を切り替えるための複雑な制御も不要であるから、より小型化が可能である。とくに、三路スイッチからなる電子スイッチ装置１を２つ組み合わせた電子スイッチシステム１０では、スイッチ部Ｑ１がオフ状態の電子スイッチ装置１Ａと、スイッチ部Ｑ１がオン状態の電子スイッチ装置１Ｂとのいずれでも、制御電圧を確保可能である。 According to this configuration, in each of the plurality of electronic switch devices 1, the power feeding circuit 41 does not switch the supply power path to the power supply unit 42, regardless of whether the switch unit Q1 is in the on state or the off state. The power supply unit 42 is always supplied with supplied power through the same path. As a result, each electronic switch device 1 does not need a current transformer to secure a control voltage when the load 12 is energized, and can be downsized. Further, each electronic switch device 1 does not require a configuration for switching a path of power supplied to the power supply unit 42 and a complicated control for switching a path of power supplied to the power supply unit 42, so that the electronic switch device 1 is further downsized. Is possible. In particular, in an electronic switch system 10 in which two electronic switch devices 1 each including a three-way switch are combined, both the electronic switch device 1A in which the switch unit Q1 is in the off state and the electronic switch device 1B in which the switch unit Q1 is in the on state. The control voltage can be secured.
　（４）変形例
　実施形態１に係る電子スイッチ装置１は、本発明の一例に過ぎず、本発明は、実施形態１に限定されることはなく、実施形態１以外であっても、本発明に係る技術的思想を逸脱しない範囲であれば、設計等に応じて種々の変更が可能である。以下に、実施形態１の変形例を列挙する。 (4) Modification The electronic switch device 1 according to the first embodiment is merely an example of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the first embodiment, and the present invention is not limited to the first embodiment. Various modifications can be made in accordance with the design and the like as long as they do not depart from the technical idea of the above. Below, the modification of Embodiment 1 is enumerated.
　負荷１２は照明装置に限らず、例えば、換気扇及び防犯機器等の電気機器であってもよい。また、負荷１２は、１台の電気機器に限らず、電気的に直列又は並列に接続された複数台の電気機器であってもよい。 The load 12 is not limited to the lighting device, and may be, for example, an electric device such as a ventilation fan and a security device. Further, the load 12 is not limited to one electrical device, and may be a plurality of electrical devices electrically connected in series or in parallel.
　また、スイッチ部Ｑ１は双方向サイリスタに限らず、その他の半導体スイッチであってもよい。スイッチ部Ｑ１は、例えば、第１の接続端子１０１と第３の接続端子１０３との間に電気的に直列に接続された、２つのＭＯＳＦＥＴであってもよい。２つのＭＯＳＦＥＴは、ソース端子同士が互いに接続される、つまり、いわゆる逆直列に接続されることにより、双方向の電流の通過／遮断を切り替える。さらにまた、スイッチ部Ｑ１は、例えば、ＧａＮ（窒化ガリウム）などのワイドバンドギャップの半導体材料を用いたダブルゲート（デュアルゲート）構造の半導体素子であってもよい。 Further, the switch unit Q1 is not limited to the bidirectional thyristor, but may be other semiconductor switches. The switch part Q1 may be two MOSFETs electrically connected in series between the first connection terminal 101 and the third connection terminal 103, for example. The two MOSFETs are switched between bidirectional current passing / cut-off by connecting the source terminals to each other, that is, by connecting them in a so-called reverse series. Furthermore, the switch portion Q1 may be a semiconductor device having a double gate (dual gate) structure using a wide band gap semiconductor material such as GaN (gallium nitride).
　また、スイッチ部Ｑ１を駆動するための駆動回路が、制御部５とは別に設けられていてもよい。この場合、制御電圧は、駆動回路の動作にも使用される。 Further, a drive circuit for driving the switch unit Q1 may be provided separately from the control unit 5. In this case, the control voltage is also used for the operation of the drive circuit.
　また、センサ部３１は、人が存在するか否かを検知する人感センサに限らず、例えば、明るさセンサであってもよい。又は、センサ部３１は、人感センサと明るさセンサとの両方を有していてもよい。さらに、電子スイッチ装置１は、センサ部３１の検知結果に基づいてスイッチ部Ｑ１が制御される構成に限らず、例えば、遠隔操作機能、タイマ機能、又は調光機能付きの電子スイッチ装置であってもよい。例えば遠隔操作機能付きの電子スイッチ装置１であれば、制御部５は、リモートコントローラからのワイヤレス信号に基づいて、スイッチ部Ｑ１を制御する。さらにまた、電子スイッチ装置１は、例えば、押ボタンスイッチ又はタッチスイッチ等の操作部に対する人の操作に基づいて、スイッチ部Ｑ１が制御される構成であってもよい。 The sensor unit 31 is not limited to a human sensor that detects whether or not a person is present, and may be a brightness sensor, for example. Or the sensor part 31 may have both a human sensor and a brightness sensor. Furthermore, the electronic switch device 1 is not limited to the configuration in which the switch unit Q1 is controlled based on the detection result of the sensor unit 31, and is, for example, an electronic switch device with a remote operation function, a timer function, or a dimming function. Also good. For example, if it is the electronic switch apparatus 1 with a remote operation function, the control part 5 will control switch part Q1 based on the wireless signal from a remote controller. Furthermore, the electronic switch device 1 may be configured such that the switch unit Q1 is controlled based on a human operation on an operation unit such as a push button switch or a touch switch.
　また、電圧監視部３２は、全波整流後のスイッチ間電圧Ｖｓｗではなく、全波整流前のスイッチ間電圧Ｖｓｗの大きさを監視する構成であってもよい。この場合、電圧監視部３２は、整流器２の交流入力端子間に電気的に接続される。さらに、電圧監視部３２は、交流電圧Ｖａｃのゼロクロス点を検出するためのゼロクロス検出部と兼用されていてもよい。ゼロクロス検出部は、スイッチ間電圧Ｖｓｗが、０〔Ｖ〕付近に設定された基準値（絶対値）未満から基準値以上に移行したことをもって、ゼロクロス点を検出する。 The voltage monitoring unit 32 may be configured to monitor the magnitude of the inter-switch voltage Vsw before full-wave rectification, not the inter-switch voltage Vsw after full-wave rectification. In this case, the voltage monitoring unit 32 is electrically connected between the AC input terminals of the rectifier 2. Furthermore, the voltage monitoring unit 32 may also be used as a zero cross detection unit for detecting the zero cross point of the AC voltage Vac. The zero-cross detection unit detects the zero-cross point when the inter-switch voltage Vsw shifts from less than the reference value (absolute value) set near 0 [V] to more than the reference value.
　また、電圧監視部３２は、電子スイッチ装置１に必須の構成ではなく、省略されていてもよい。この場合、制御部５は、例えば、コンデンサＣ１の両端電圧の検出結果に基づいて、スイッチ部Ｑ１を制御してもよい。具体的には、制御部５は、コンデンサＣ１の両端電圧が所定の閾値に達した際に、スイッチ部Ｑ１を導通させる。ここでいう閾値は、少なくとも次に能動素子Ｑ１０がオンする時点までの制御部５等の動作を確保できる程度に、コンデンサＣ１が充電されたときのコンデンサＣ１の両端電圧である。 Further, the voltage monitoring unit 32 is not an essential component for the electronic switch device 1 and may be omitted. In this case, the control unit 5 may control the switch unit Q1 based on the detection result of the voltage across the capacitor C1, for example. Specifically, the control unit 5 causes the switch unit Q1 to conduct when the voltage across the capacitor C1 reaches a predetermined threshold. The threshold here is the voltage across the capacitor C1 when the capacitor C1 is charged to such an extent that the operation of the control unit 5 and the like until the next time when the active element Q10 is turned on can be secured.
　また、給電回路４１及び電源部４２の具体回路は、図３に示す回路に限らず、適宜変更が可能である。例えば、給電回路４１は、ツェナダイオードＺＤ１及び能動素子Ｑ１０に加え、オペアンプを有する定電圧回路であってもよいし、能動素子Ｑ１０が省略されていてもよい。電流制限部４３のスイッチ素子Ｑ１１は、バイポーラトランジスタに限らず、例えばエンハンスメント形のｎチャネルＭＯＳＦＥＴなどであってもよい。電源部４２については、例えば、コンデンサＣ１はレギュレータ４４の出力に接続されていてもよいし、コンデンサＣ１とは別のコンデンサがレギュレータ４４の出力に接続されていてもよい。さらに、電源部４２におけるレギュレータ４４は電子スイッチ装置１に必須の構成ではなく、レギュレータ４４は省略されてもよい。 Further, the specific circuits of the power feeding circuit 41 and the power supply unit 42 are not limited to the circuit shown in FIG. 3 and can be changed as appropriate. For example, the power feeding circuit 41 may be a constant voltage circuit having an operational amplifier in addition to the Zener diode ZD1 and the active element Q10, or the active element Q10 may be omitted. The switch element Q11 of the current limiting unit 43 is not limited to a bipolar transistor, and may be, for example, an enhancement type n-channel MOSFET. For the power supply unit 42, for example, the capacitor C1 may be connected to the output of the regulator 44, or a capacitor other than the capacitor C1 may be connected to the output of the regulator 44. Furthermore, the regulator 44 in the power supply unit 42 is not essential for the electronic switch device 1, and the regulator 44 may be omitted.
　また、実施形態１にて、スイッチ間電圧及び基準値等の２値間の比較において、「以上」としているところは、２値が等しい場合、及び２値の一方が他方を超えている場合との両方を含む。ただし、これに限らず、ここでいう「以上」は、２値の一方が他方を超えている場合のみを含む「より大きい」と同義であってもよい。つまり、２値が等しい場合を含むか否かは、基準値等の設定次第で任意に変更できるので、「以上」か「より大きい」かに技術上の差異はない。同様に、「未満」においても「以下」と同義であってもよい。 In the first embodiment, in the comparison between the two values such as the voltage between the switches and the reference value, “more than” is the case where the two values are equal and the case where one of the two values exceeds the other. Including both. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and “more than” here may be synonymous with “greater than” including only when one of the binary values exceeds the other. That is, whether or not the case where the two values are equal can be arbitrarily changed depending on the setting of the reference value or the like, so there is no technical difference between “greater than” or “greater than”. Similarly, “less than” may be synonymous with “below”.
　（実施形態２）
　実施形態２に係る電子スイッチシステム１０Ａは、図５に示すように、３つの電子スイッチ装置１Ａ，１Ｂ，１Ｃの組み合わせからなる。以下、実施形態１と同様の構成については、共通の符号を付して適宜説明を省略する。 (Embodiment 2)
As shown in FIG. 5, the electronic switch system 10A according to the second embodiment includes a combination of three electronic switch devices 1A, 1B, and 1C. Hereinafter, the same configurations as those of the first embodiment are denoted by common reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted as appropriate.
　電子スイッチ装置１Ａ，１Ｂは、実施形態１と同様、いわゆる三路スイッチである。一方、電子スイッチ装置１Ｃは、４本の配線を接続可能な、いわゆる四路スイッチである。電子スイッチ装置１Ｃは、電子スイッチ装置１Ａ，１Ｂと同様の３つの接続端子１０１，１０２，１０３に加えて、第４の接続端子１０４を備えている。 The electronic switch devices 1A and 1B are so-called three-way switches as in the first embodiment. On the other hand, the electronic switch device 1C is a so-called four-way switch that can connect four wires. The electronic switch device 1C includes a fourth connection terminal 104 in addition to the three connection terminals 101, 102, 103 similar to the electronic switch devices 1A, 1B.
　電子スイッチ装置１Ｃにおいて、接続端子１０３と接続端子１０４とは電子スイッチ装置１Ｃの内部で接続されている。電子スイッチ装置１Ａの接続端子１０２は、電子スイッチ装置１Ｃの接続端子１０１に接続されている。電子スイッチ装置１Ａの接続端子１０３は、電子スイッチ装置１Ｃの接続端子１０４に接続されている。電子スイッチ装置１Ｂの接続端子１０２は、電子スイッチ装置１Ｃの接続端子１０３に接続されている。電子スイッチ装置１Ｂの接続端子１０３は、電子スイッチ装置１Ｃの接続端子１０２に接続されている。 In the electronic switch device 1C, the connection terminal 103 and the connection terminal 104 are connected inside the electronic switch device 1C. The connection terminal 102 of the electronic switch device 1A is connected to the connection terminal 101 of the electronic switch device 1C. The connection terminal 103 of the electronic switch device 1A is connected to the connection terminal 104 of the electronic switch device 1C. The connection terminal 102 of the electronic switch device 1B is connected to the connection terminal 103 of the electronic switch device 1C. The connection terminal 103 of the electronic switch device 1B is connected to the connection terminal 102 of the electronic switch device 1C.
　上述の接続関係によれば、複数（ここでは３つ）の電子スイッチ装置１Ａ，１Ｂ，１Ｃがそれぞれ備える複数のスイッチ部Ｑ１は、交流電源１１と負荷１２との間に電気的に並列に接続される。そのため、３つの電子スイッチ装置１Ａ，１Ｂ，１Ｃのいずれかのスイッチ部Ｑ１が導通していれば、交流電源１１と負荷１２との間が導通し、３つの電子スイッチ装置１Ａ，１Ｂ，１Ｃを介して、交流電源１１から負荷１２に電力供給される。したがって、電子スイッチシステム１０Ａでは、電子スイッチ装置１Ａのスイッチ部Ｑ１、電子スイッチ装置１Ｂのスイッチ部Ｑ１、及び電子スイッチ装置１Ｃのスイッチ部Ｑ１の全てにおいて、負荷１２への通電状態を切り替えることが可能である。よって、３つの電子スイッチ装置１Ａ，１Ｂ，１Ｃを組み合わせた電子スイッチシステム１０Ａでは、負荷１２への通電状態を、３箇所で切り替えることが可能である。 According to the connection relation described above, the plurality of switch units Q1 included in each of the plurality (here, three) of electronic switch devices 1A, 1B, and 1C are electrically connected in parallel between the AC power supply 11 and the load 12. Is done. Therefore, if any one of the switch units Q1 of the three electronic switch devices 1A, 1B, and 1C is conductive, the AC power source 11 and the load 12 are conductive, and the three electronic switch devices 1A, 1B, and 1C are connected. The power is supplied from the AC power supply 11 to the load 12. Therefore, in the electronic switch system 10A, the energization state to the load 12 can be switched in all of the switch unit Q1 of the electronic switch device 1A, the switch unit Q1 of the electronic switch device 1B, and the switch unit Q1 of the electronic switch device 1C. It is. Therefore, in the electronic switch system 10A in which the three electronic switch devices 1A, 1B, and 1C are combined, the energization state to the load 12 can be switched at three locations.
　以上説明した本実施形態の電子スイッチシステム１０Ａにおいても、実施形態１と同様に、負荷１２の通電時に制御電圧を確保するためにカレントトランスが必要でなく、電子スイッチ装置１の小型化が可能である、という利点がある。 Also in the electronic switch system 10A of the present embodiment described above, as in the first embodiment, a current transformer is not required to secure a control voltage when the load 12 is energized, and the electronic switch device 1 can be downsized. There is an advantage that there is.
　また、実施形態２の変形例として、電子スイッチシステム１０Ａは、電子スイッチ装置１Ｃ（いわゆる四路スイッチ）を２つ以上備え、計４つ以上の電子スイッチ装置１Ａ，１Ｂ，１Ｃを備えていてもよい。この場合、複数の電子スイッチ装置１Ａ，１Ｂ，１Ｃがそれぞれ備える複数のスイッチ部Ｑ１が、交流電源１１と負荷１２との間に電気的に並列に接続されることで、負荷１２への通電状態を、４箇所以上で切り替えることが可能である。 As a modification of the second embodiment, the electronic switch system 10A may include two or more electronic switch devices 1C (so-called four-way switches), and may include a total of four or more electronic switch devices 1A, 1B, and 1C. Good. In this case, the plurality of switch units Q1 included in each of the plurality of electronic switch devices 1A, 1B, and 1C are electrically connected in parallel between the AC power supply 11 and the load 12, so that the load 12 is energized. Can be switched at four or more locations.
　実施形態２の構成（変形例を含む）は、実施形態１の構成（変形例を含む）と適宜組み合わせて適用可能である。 The configuration of the second embodiment (including the modification) can be applied in combination with the configuration of the first embodiment (including the modification) as appropriate.
　（実施形態３）
　実施形態３に係る電子スイッチ装置１Ｄは、図６に示すように、２本の配線を接続可能な、いわゆる片切スイッチである。以下、実施形態１と同様の構成については、共通の符号を付して適宜説明を省略する。 (Embodiment 3)
The electronic switch device 1D according to the third embodiment is a so-called one-sided switch that can connect two wires as shown in FIG. Hereinafter, the same configurations as those of the first embodiment are denoted by common reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted as appropriate.
　電子スイッチ装置１Ｄは、２つの接続端子１０１，１０３を備えている。言い換えれば、電子スイッチ装置１Ｄは、実施形態１の電子スイッチ装置１Ａ（図２参照）から、３つの接続端子１０１，１０２，１０３のうちの接続端子１０２が省略された構成である。 The electronic switch device 1D includes two connection terminals 101 and 103. In other words, the electronic switch device 1D has a configuration in which the connection terminal 102 of the three connection terminals 101, 102, 103 is omitted from the electronic switch device 1A of Embodiment 1 (see FIG. 2).
　図６の例では、電子スイッチ装置１Ｄの接続端子１０１は負荷１２に接続され、電子スイッチ装置１Ｄの接続端子１０３は交流電源１１に接続されている。この接続関係によれば、電子スイッチ装置１Ｄのスイッチ部Ｑ１は、交流電源１１と負荷１２との間に電気的に接続される。そのため、電子スイッチ装置１Ｄのスイッチ部Ｑ１が導通していれば、交流電源１１と負荷１２との間が導通し、電子スイッチ装置１Ｄを介して、交流電源１１から負荷１２に電力供給される。 6, the connection terminal 101 of the electronic switch device 1D is connected to the load 12, and the connection terminal 103 of the electronic switch device 1D is connected to the AC power source 11. According to this connection relationship, the switch unit Q1 of the electronic switch device 1D is electrically connected between the AC power supply 11 and the load 12. Therefore, if the switch part Q1 of the electronic switch device 1D is conductive, the AC power source 11 and the load 12 are conductive, and power is supplied from the AC power source 11 to the load 12 via the electronic switch device 1D.
　以上説明した本実施形態の電子スイッチ装置１Ｄにおいても、実施形態１と同様に、負荷１２の通電時に制御電圧を確保するためにカレントトランスが必要でなく、小型化が可能である、という利点がある。 Also in the electronic switch device 1D of the present embodiment described above, as in the first embodiment, there is an advantage that a current transformer is not required to secure a control voltage when the load 12 is energized, and the size can be reduced. is there.
　実施形態３の構成は、実施形態１の構成（変形例を含む）と適宜組み合わせて適用可能である。 The configuration of Embodiment 3 can be applied in combination with the configuration of Embodiment 1 (including modifications) as appropriate.
　１，１Ａ，１Ｂ，１Ｃ，１Ｄ　電子スイッチ装置
　５　制御部
　１０，１０Ａ　電子スイッチシステム
　１１　交流電源
　１２　負荷
　３１　センサ部
　４０　充電経路
　４１　給電回路
　４２　電源部
　４３　電流制限部
　Ｃ１　コンデンサ
　Ｑ１　スイッチ部
　Ｑ１０　能動素子 1, 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D Electronic switch device 5 Control unit 10, 10A Electronic switch system 11 AC power supply 12 Load 31 Sensor unit 40 Charging path 41 Power supply circuit 42 Power supply unit 43 Current limiting unit C1 Capacitor Q1 Switch unit Q10 Active element

Claims (6)

  1. 　交流電源と負荷との間に電気的に接続され、前記交流電源と前記負荷との間の導通と非導通とを切り替えるスイッチ部と、
    　前記スイッチ部の両端間に電気的に接続され、前記交流電源からの供給電力により制御電圧を生成する電源部と、
    　前記電源部から前記制御電圧の供給を受けて動作し、前記スイッチ部を制御する制御部と、
    　前記スイッチ部の両端間に電気的に接続され、前記スイッチ部と前記電源部との間における前記供給電力の単一の経路となる給電回路と、を備え、
    　前記給電回路は、前記スイッチ部の前記両端間の電圧の大きさが所定値以上になれば前記電源部に前記供給電力を供給するように構成されている
    　電子スイッチ装置。     A switch unit that is electrically connected between an AC power source and a load, and switches between conduction and non-conduction between the AC power source and the load;
    A power supply unit that is electrically connected between both ends of the switch unit and generates a control voltage by power supplied from the AC power supply;
    A control unit that operates by receiving the supply of the control voltage from the power supply unit, and controls the switch unit;
    A power supply circuit that is electrically connected between both ends of the switch unit and serves as a single path of the supplied power between the switch unit and the power supply unit,
    The power supply circuit is configured to supply the supply power to the power supply unit when the voltage across the switch unit reaches a predetermined value or more.
  2. 　前記電源部はコンデンサを有し、
    　前記給電回路は、前記スイッチ部の前記両端間における前記コンデンサの充電経路に設けられ、前記スイッチ部の前記両端間の電圧の大きさが前記所定値以上のときにオンする電圧駆動型の能動素子を有する
    　請求項１に記載の電子スイッチ装置。     The power supply unit has a capacitor,
    The power supply circuit is provided in a charging path of the capacitor between the both ends of the switch unit, and is turned on when a voltage magnitude between the both ends of the switch unit is equal to or greater than the predetermined value. The electronic switch device according to claim 1.
  3. 　前記能動素子は電界効果トランジスタである
    　請求項２に記載の電子スイッチ装置。     The electronic switch device according to claim 2, wherein the active element is a field effect transistor.
  4. 　前記給電回路は、前記交流電源から前記電源部に規定値以上の電流が流れると、前記電源部への前記供給電力の供給を停止させる電流制限部を有する
    　請求項１～請求項３のいずれか１項に記載の電子スイッチ装置。     The power supply circuit includes a current limiting unit that stops supply of the supplied power to the power supply unit when a current of a specified value or more flows from the AC power supply to the power supply unit. The electronic switch device according to item 1.
  5. 　センサ部を更に備え、
    　前記制御部は、前記センサ部の出力に基づいて前記スイッチ部を制御するように構成されている
    　請求項１～請求項４のいずれか１項に記載の電子スイッチ装置。     A sensor unit;
    The electronic switch device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the control unit is configured to control the switch unit based on an output of the sensor unit.
  6. 　請求項１～請求項５のいずれか１項に記載の電子スイッチ装置を複数備え、
    　前記複数の電子スイッチ装置が備える複数のスイッチ部は、交流電源と負荷との間に電気的に並列に接続される
    　電子スイッチシステム。     A plurality of electronic switch devices according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
    The plurality of switch units included in the plurality of electronic switch devices are electrically connected in parallel between an AC power source and a load.
PCT/JP2017/010338 2016-03-25 2017-03-15 Electronic switch device and electronic switch system WO2017164029A1 (en)

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