WO2017157308A1 - 高纬度节能低温粮食储备库及粮食储备方法 - Google Patents

高纬度节能低温粮食储备库及粮食储备方法 Download PDF

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WO2017157308A1
WO2017157308A1 PCT/CN2017/076836 CN2017076836W WO2017157308A1 WO 2017157308 A1 WO2017157308 A1 WO 2017157308A1 CN 2017076836 W CN2017076836 W CN 2017076836W WO 2017157308 A1 WO2017157308 A1 WO 2017157308A1
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grain storage
temperature
ventilation
grain
energy
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PCT/CN2017/076836
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English (en)
French (fr)
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栾继连
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栾继连
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F25/00—Storing agricultural or horticultural produce; Hanging-up harvested fruit
    • A01F25/14—Containers specially adapted for storing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F25/00—Storing agricultural or horticultural produce; Hanging-up harvested fruit
    • A01F25/16—Arrangements in forage silos
    • A01F25/22—Ventilating arrangements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H7/00—Construction or assembling of bulk storage containers employing civil engineering techniques in situ or off the site
    • E04H7/22—Containers for fluent solids, e.g. silos, bunkers; Supports therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H7/00—Construction or assembling of bulk storage containers employing civil engineering techniques in situ or off the site
    • E04H7/22—Containers for fluent solids, e.g. silos, bunkers; Supports therefor
    • E04H2007/225—Silos with retaining wall type wall elements, e.g. trench silos
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/51—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for storing agricultural or horticultural products

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a grain storage bank and a grain storage method.
  • China has established a reserve grain system. Because biorespiration decomposes organic matter, and crops are alive, after a certain period of storage, the long-term respiration of crops will consume a large amount of organic matter, resulting in a lack of nutrients in crops and no further consumption. Therefore, the reserve grain is subject to an equilibrium rotation system.
  • the annual rotation is generally 20% to 30% of the total central grain storage, which means that the stored food is generally stored for 3 to 5 years.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a high-latitude energy-saving low-temperature grain storage pool and a grain storage method for the existing grain storage and storage methods, such as short grain storage time, large loss of consumption and high energy consumption.
  • the high-latitude energy-saving and low-temperature grain storage pool includes insulation wall, insulation roof, insulation doors and windows and cooling system;
  • the thermal insulation wall extends to the level of the floor of the grain storage reservoir
  • the cooling system includes a ventilation pipe, a gas permeable barrier sand fabric, a temperature sensor and a fan; wherein the ventilation pipe is further divided into a ventilation flower tube and a ground ventilation cage, and the ventilation flower tube is wrapped with a breathable barrier sand fabric; the ventilation flower tube is buried in the grain storage base. Under the ping, the ventilation cage is placed above the floor of the grain storage base. One end of the ventilation pipe is connected with the fan installed outside the grain storage, and the other end of the ventilation pipe is provided with an adjustable windshield through the atmosphere; the temperature sensor is divided into the ground. In the underground part, the underground temperature sensor is evenly distributed, located in the middle of the adjacent ventilation tube, and the distance from the adjacent ventilation tube is equal; the above ground temperature sensor is evenly distributed in the grain storage space.
  • the difference between the temperature and the temperature sensed by the underground temperature sensor is less than 1 °C and the temperature sensed by the above-ground temperature sensor is below -15 °C, and the fan operation is stopped.
  • the invention freezes the soil under the grain storage floor into a "frozen layer" for storing low temperature energy, and continuously and slowly releases low temperature energy in spring, summer and autumn; meanwhile, the grain in the grain storage is also frozen,
  • the grain itself stores a large amount of low-temperature energy, accumulates more low-temperature energy, and realizes long-term and low-temperature reserves of grain.
  • the high-latitude energy-saving low-temperature grain storage pool of the utility model is suitable for use in high latitude areas, and the fan with a power of 4000W or more is operated for about 48 hours under the temperature of -20 ° C, and the food reserve of 2000 tons is enough to maintain the low for more than 10 months.
  • the low-temperature energy in the state of 4 °C when the stored low-temperature energy is exhausted, has entered the cold winter, the temperature is lowered, and the wind turbine is restarted to make the warm energy supplemented again. Therefore, the high-latitude energy-saving low-temperature grain storage pool of the utility model can be renewed annually.
  • the grain in the grain storage warehouse is kept in a low-temperature frozen state below 4 °C, thus achieving winter energy storage, annual heat preservation, and uniform release of low-temperature energy.
  • the energy stored in the food storage pool of the utility model is low and can be neglected.
  • the continuous low temperature makes the basic metabolic rate of food itself weaken significantly, which reduces the respiration of food, ensuring that the physical and chemical indicators and taste comfort of the food itself do not occur or rarely change, greatly extending the reserve time limit of grain.
  • the main factor of grain degeneration, deterioration and mildew is the growth and reproduction of bacterial microorganisms in the grain.
  • the three elements of growth and reproduction of bacteria and other microorganisms are temperature, humidity, and nutrients.
  • the growth and reproduction of bacterial microorganisms in the environment below 12 ° C is obviously inhibited, and the growth and reproduction of bacterial microorganisms in the environment below 5 ° C basically stops.
  • the utility model can make the grain in a low-temperature frozen state below 4 ° C all the year round, so the grain denaturation, deterioration and mildew are avoided, and the loss rate of the grain is reduced.
  • the utility model adopts the high-latitude energy-saving and low-temperature grain storage pool of the utility model to store grain for 3 years, and the grain loss rate is less than 0.2%. Moreover, the use of chemical agents can be avoided, thereby avoiding food contamination and damage to the human body.
  • 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a high-latitude energy-saving and low-temperature grain storage warehouse of the present invention, wherein 7 is a ground plane.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the ventilation tube in a plan view.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the ventilation cage in a plan view.
  • the high-latitude energy-saving low-temperature grain storage pool of the present embodiment includes an insulation wall 1, an insulated roof, a heat insulating door and window, and a cooling system;
  • the thermal insulation wall 1 extends to the level of the food storage floor 2;
  • the cooling system comprises a ventilation tube, a gas permeable barrier sand fabric, a temperature sensor 4 and a fan 5; wherein the ventilation tube is further divided into a ventilation tube 3 and an aboveground ventilation cage 6, the ventilation tube 3 is wrapped with a breathable barrier sand fabric; the ventilation tube 3 Buried in the grain storage base 2, the ventilation cage 6 is placed above the grain storage base 2, one end of the ventilation pipe is connected with the fan 5 provided outside the grain storage, and the other end of the ventilation pipe is provided with the atmosphere.
  • the N ventilation tubes are connected with one fan, N ⁇ 2; the M ventilation cages are connected with one fan, M ⁇ 2.
  • the breathable barrier sand fabric is a bottom hole cloth, a geotextile or a gauze.
  • the temperature sensor 4 can also be disposed at the edge of the floor, at four corners, and on the wall and the space above the grain pile.
  • Embodiment 3 The difference between this embodiment and the specific embodiment one or two is that the ventilation pipe is laid parallel to the floor 2 . Others are the same as the first or second embodiment.
  • the double-layer structure of the ventilation tube 3 of the present embodiment can accelerate the soil freezing speed and increase the soil freezing thickness.
  • Embodiment 7 The difference between this embodiment and the specific embodiment 6 is that the first layer of ventilation tube 3 is located 0.5 to 1 m below the grain storage floor 2, and the second layer of ventilation tube 3 is located in the grain storage area. Ping 2 down 1.5 ⁇ 2m. Others are the same as in the sixth embodiment.
  • a part of the underground temperature sensor 4 is disposed between the first layer of the ventilating tube 3 and the second layer of the ventilating tube 3, and is equidistant from the first layer of the ventilating tube 3 and the second layer of the ventilating tube 3.
  • the ventilation tube is a PE pipe + a plastic pipe member, a PVC pipe material + a plastic pipe member, a metal pipe material + a metal pipe member or a concrete prefabricated pipe material.
  • Others are the same as one of the first to seventh embodiments.
  • the present embodiment uses the high-latitude energy-saving and low-temperature food storage library according to the first embodiment to put the grain into the storage warehouse and then process the following steps:
  • the fan 5 When the temperature is lower than -20 °C, the fan 5 is operated, and the difference between the temperature and the temperature sensed by the underground temperature sensor 4 is less than 1 ° C and the temperature sensed by the above-ground temperature sensor 4 is below -15 ° C, and the fan 5 is stopped.
  • the operation of the fan freezes the 0 ⁇ 4m soil under the grain storage base 2 into a “frozen layer”, and simultaneously reduces the grain temperature to below -15°C, and reserves a large amount of low-temperature energy, which is continuously in spring, summer and autumn. Slowly release low temperature energy and keep the food at a low temperature.
  • the high-latitude energy-saving and low-temperature grain storage pool includes insulation wall, insulation roof, insulation doors and windows and cooling system;
  • the thermal insulation wall extends to the level of the floor of the grain storage reservoir
  • the cooling system includes a ventilation pipe, a gas permeable barrier sand fabric, a temperature sensor and a fan; wherein the ventilation pipe is further divided into a ventilation flower tube and a ground ventilation cage, and the ventilation flower tube is wrapped with a breathable barrier sand fabric; the ventilation flower tube is buried in the grain storage base. Under the ping, the ventilation cage is placed above the floor of the grain storage base. One end of the ventilation pipe is connected with the fan installed outside the grain storage, and the other end of the ventilation pipe is provided with an adjustable windshield through the atmosphere; the temperature sensor is divided into the ground. In the underground part, the underground temperature sensor is evenly distributed, located in the middle of the adjacent ventilation tube, and the distance from the adjacent ventilation tube is equal; the above ground temperature sensor is evenly distributed in the grain storage space.
  • the thermal insulation wall extends to 3 m below the horizontal level of the grain storage reservoir; the ventilation pipe is laid parallel to the floor; the spacing between adjacent ventilation pipes of the same horizontal plane is 2 m; the ventilation flower tube is a double-layer structure; The porosity of the tube is 30%; the diameter of the ventilation tube is 160mm; the first layer of ventilation tube is located 0.5m below the floor of the grain storage, and the second layer of ventilation tube is located 1.5m below the floor of the grain storage.
  • a fan with a power of 4000W can be used to cool 2,000 tons of reserve grain.
  • the temperature is lower than -20 °C to run the fan, the difference between the temperature and the temperature sensed by the underground temperature sensor is less than 1 °C and the temperature sensed by the above-ground temperature sensor is below -15 °C, and the fan operation is stopped.
  • the steel storage bin double-layer insulation grain storage pool is used to store grain, and the natural wind ventilation is used to protect the grain.
  • Example 1 In the second year of January, the temperature was lower than -20 °C.
  • the grain storage operation fan of Example 1 was operated, and the fan was operated for 48 hours.
  • the average storage temperature of each grain in the two grain reserves is shown in Table 1.
  • test results show that the grain storage effect of the first embodiment is good, and the temperature of the grain pile is uniform.
  • the rice was stored in the grain storages of Examples 1 and 2 for 3 years, the grain mold variable in Example 1 was ⁇ 0.01%, and the grain mold variable in Example 2 was 3.4%.
  • the grain reserve in Example 1 was 6 years, the grain mold variable was ⁇ 0.1%, and the nutrient loss rate was ⁇ 5%.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

高纬度节能低温粮食储备库及粮食储备方法，解决了现有粮食储备库及储备方法粮食储存时间短，损耗量大，能耗高的问题。粮食储备库包括保温墙体(1)、保温屋顶、保温门窗和冷却系统，储备方法如下：气温低于-20℃运行风机(5)，至地下温度传感器(4)感测到的温度与气温之差均小于1℃且地上温度传感器(4)感测到的温度均达到-15℃以下，停止风机(5)运行，由此将粮食储备库内的粮食和地坪(2)下的土壤冷冻，用于储备低温能量，在春、夏、秋季不断、缓慢的释放低温能量，保持粮食始终处于低温状态，使储备粮食具有储存时间长，损耗量少，能耗低的优点。

Description

高纬度节能低温粮食储备库及粮食储备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种粮食储备库及粮食储备方法。
背景技术
中国耕地仅占世界10％，人口却占世界的22％，十几亿人的粮食安全问题始终是头等大事。为了解决和保证十三亿人吃饭问题，为了调节粮食供求总量，稳定粮食市场，以及应对重大自然灾害或者其他突发事件，我国建立了储备粮制度。由于生物呼吸作用分解有机物.而农作物是有生命的，储存到一定年限后，农作物长期的呼吸作用将消耗大量的有机物，导致农作物营养成分缺乏，不能再食用。所以，储备粮实行均衡轮换制度，每年轮换的数量一般为中央储备粮储存总量的20％～30％，也就是说储存的粮食一般要储存3～5年。
中国的粮食储备库以往沿用着土仓，砖混仓等传统的自然温度储粮方法，由于粮食长时间堆放发热、容易发生自燃。近几年从国外学习和引进了部分钢板仓双层保温技术，但仍沿用着自然风通风保粮的方法，储备效果差、粮食储存时间短、损耗量大。1999年11月12日国家粮食储备局制定了《谷物冷却低温储粮技术规程》(试用)，是目前国内综合指标最好的粮食储备方案，但主要以耗电为手段，增加储粮成本导致难以推广。
东北三省、内蒙、甘肃、青海、新疆等北部较寒冷地区省份耕地多、人口少，粮食总产高，商品率达70％以上。这些地区每年新增储备粮1亿多吨，而轮出的陈粮(按照规定粮食储存至少三年才允许解封)每年也为1亿吨。由于目前粮食储备技术的制约，不能削弱生物的呼吸作用，导致储备过程中粮食一年变味(新粮的清香味消失)，两年变黄(如水稻开始产生黄曲酶)，三年出现霉变(水稻大量黄曲酶等致癌、致病性毒素产生，玉米大量霉变)；加之结顶、烂底、鼠害、虫害等因素粮食的直接损失率在3％～5％(每年最少有300万吨粮食被废弃，相当于500万亩优质耕地的产量，经济损失约100亿)，远超出国储库不能超过1％的指标。所以实际执行过程中为了减少粮食的损失率并保证粮食的营养价值，只能要求粮食的储存期不得超过三年。但储存期的缩短直接影响到储备粮的总量，对我国粮食安全构成了严重的威胁。
现有粮食储备技术储存3年的粮食不可避免的出现变质，形成强致癌物黄曲酶毒素和其他毒素，对人类健康的危害极大；而且，为了提高储存效果大量使用化学制剂，粮食被严重污染。随着这些毒素在人体内蓄积性的积累，癌症和畸形的发生率将越来越高，而且 还会引发高血压、高血脂、糖尿病、肝损害、不孕不育、早产流产等疾病的发生。钟南山院士指出“中国的食品安全问题再不解决，五十年后中国人将丧失生育能力”。现有粮食储备技术的问题所产生的间接经济损失比直接损失更甚。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了现有粮食储备库及储备方法粮食储存时间短，损耗量大，能耗高的问题，而提供的一种高纬度节能低温粮食储备库及粮食储备方法。
高纬度节能低温粮食储备库包括保温墙体、保温屋顶、保温门窗和冷却系统；
保温墙体延伸至粮食储备库地坪水平面下；
冷却系统包括通风管、透气阻隔沙土织物、温度传感器和风机；其中，通风管又分为通风花管和地上通风笼，通风花管外包裹透气阻隔沙土织物；通风花管埋设于粮食储备库地坪之下，通风笼设置在粮食储备库地坪之上，通风管一端与粮食储备库外设置的风机相联通，通风管另一端与大气相通设置有可调式挡风板；温度传感器分地上和地下两部分，地下温度传感器均匀分布、位于相邻通风花管中间，与相邻通风花管距离相等；地上温度传感器在粮食储藏空间均匀分布。
利用上述高纬度节能低温粮食储备库将粮食放入其中后按以下步骤进行处理：
气温低于-20℃运行风机，至地下温度传感器感测到的温度与气温之差均小于1℃且地上温度传感器感测到的温度均达到-15℃以下，停止风机运行。
本发明将粮食储备库地坪下的土壤冷冻成“冻土层”用于储备低温能量，在春、夏、秋季不断、缓慢的释放低温能量；同时，粮食储备库内的粮食也被冷冻，粮食自身储存大量的低温能量，集聚了更多的低温能量，实现了粮食长时间、低温储备。
本实用新型高纬度节能低温粮食储备库适合高纬度地区使用，利用功率为4000W以上的风机在气温-20℃条件下累计运行约48h即可为2000吨粮食储备足够维持长达10个月以上低于4℃状态的低温能量，当所储存的低温能量耗殆尽，已进入寒冷的冬季，气温降低，再次启动风机使得温能量又得到补充，因此本实用新型高纬度节能低温粮食储备库能够年复一年的始终令粮食储备库内的粮食处于4℃以下的低温冻藏状态，从而实现冬季储能、全年保温、低温能量均匀释放。本实用新型粮食储备库消耗的能量低，几乎可以忽略不计。
持续低温使粮食自身生存的基础新陈代谢率明显减弱，降低了粮食的呼吸作用，保证了粮食自身的理化指标和口感舒适性不发生或极少发生变化，大大延长了粮食的储备时限。采用本实用新型高纬度节能低温粮食储备库储备粮食6年，仍可保留粮食94％营养成分不流失。
粮食变性、变质、霉烂的主要因素是粮仓内粮食中细菌微生物的生长繁殖。细菌等微生物生长繁殖的三要素是温度、湿度、养分，持续12℃以下环境细菌微生物的生长繁殖明显受到抑制，持续5℃以下环境细菌微生物的生长繁殖基本停止。本实用新型可使粮食常年处于4℃以下的低温冻藏状态，所以避免了粮食变性、变质、霉烂，减少了粮食的损耗率。采用本实用新型高纬度节能低温粮食储备库储备粮食3年，粮食损失率低于0.2％。而且还可以避免化学制剂的使用，进而避免了粮食污染及对人体的损害。
附图说明
图1是本实用新型高纬度节能低温粮食储备库结构示意图，其中7为地平面。
图2是通风花管俯视排列结构示意图。
图3是通风笼俯视排列结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明技术方案不局限于以下所列举具体实施方式，还包括各具体实施方式间的任意组合。
具体实施方式一：结合图1～3说明本实施方式，本实施方式高纬度节能低温粮食储备库包括保温墙体1、保温屋顶、保温门窗和冷却系统；
保温墙体1延伸至粮食储备库地坪2水平面下；
冷却系统包括通风管、透气阻隔沙土织物、温度传感器4和风机5；其中，通风管又分为通风花管3和地上通风笼6，通风花管3外包裹透气阻隔沙土织物；通风花管3埋设于粮食储备库地坪2之下，通风笼6设置在粮食储备库地坪2之上，通风管一端与粮食储备库外设置的风机5相联通，通风管另一端与大气相通设置有可调式挡风板；温度传感器4分地上和地下两部分，地下温度传感器4均匀分布、位于相邻通风花管3中间，与相邻通风花管3距离相等；地上温度传感器4在粮食储藏空间均匀分布。
本实施方式中N根通风花管与1台风机相联通，N≥2；M根通风笼与1台风机相联通，M≥2。本实施方式中透气阻隔沙土织物为井底布、土工布或纱网。
本实施方式还可以在地坪的边缘、四个角落及墙壁、粮堆上方空间设置温度传感器4。
具体实施方式二：本实施方式与具体实施方式一的不同点是：保温墙体1延伸至粮食储备库地坪2水平面下2～4m。其它与实施方式一相同。
具体实施方式三：本实施方式与具体实施方式一或二的不同点是：通风管平行于地坪2铺设。其它与实施方式一或二相同。
具体实施方式四：本实施方式与具体实施方式三的不同点是：同一水平面相邻通风管之间的间距为1.5～2.5m。其它与实施方式三相同。
具体实施方式五：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至四之一的不同点是：通风花管的孔隙率为25％～30％；通风花管的直径为160mm～200mm。其它与实施方式一至四之一相同。
具体实施方式六：结合图1～3说明本实施方式，本实施方式与具体实施方式一至五之一的不同点是：通风花管3为上下双层结构。其它与实施方式一至五之一相同。
本实施方式通风花管3为双层结构可以加快土壤冷冻速度，并增加土壤冷冻厚度。
具体实施方式七：本实施方式与具体实施方式六的不同点是：第一层通风花管3位于粮食储备库地坪2下0.5～1m处，第二层通风花管3位于粮食储备库地坪2下1.5～2m处。其它与实施方式六相同。
本实施方式有部分地下温度传感器4设置于第一层通风花管3与第二层通风花管3之间，与第一层通风花管3与第二层通风花管3等距。
具体实施方式八：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至七之一的不同点是：通风花管为PE管材+塑料管件、PVC管材+塑料管件、金属管材+金属管件或混凝土预制管材。其它与实施方式一至七之一相同。
具体实施方式九：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至八之一的不同点是：粮食储备库保温墙体1为外保温墙体。其它与实施方式一至八之一相同。
具体实施方式十：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至九之一的不同点是：通风花管外包裹透气阻隔沙土织物2～3层。其它与实施方式一至九之一相同。
具体实施方式十一：本实施方式利用具体实施方式一所述高纬度节能低温粮食储备库将粮食放入储备库后按以下步骤进行处理：
气温低于-20℃运行风机5，至地下温度传感器4感测到的温度与气温之差均小于1℃且地上温度传感器4感测到的温度均达到-15℃以下，停止风机5运行。
风机的运行将粮食储备库地坪2下0～4m的土壤冷冻成“冻土层”，并同时将粮食温度降低至-15℃以下，储备了大量的低温能量，在春、夏、秋季不断、缓慢的释放低温能量，保持粮食始终处于低温状态。
具体实施方式十二：本实施方式与具体实施方式十一的不同点是：风机5间歇性运行。其它步骤和参数与实施方式十一相同。
实施例1
采用高纬度节能低温粮食储备库储备粮食：
高纬度节能低温粮食储备库包括保温墙体、保温屋顶、保温门窗和冷却系统；
保温墙体延伸至粮食储备库地坪水平面下；
冷却系统包括通风管、透气阻隔沙土织物、温度传感器和风机；其中，通风管又分为通风花管和地上通风笼，通风花管外包裹透气阻隔沙土织物；通风花管埋设于粮食储备库地坪之下，通风笼设置在粮食储备库地坪之上，通风管一端与粮食储备库外设置的风机相联通，通风管另一端与大气相通设置有可调式挡风板；温度传感器分地上和地下两部分，地下温度传感器均匀分布、位于相邻通风花管中间，与相邻通风花管距离相等；地上温度传感器在粮食储藏空间均匀分布。
本实施例中保温墙体延伸至粮食储备库地坪水平面下3m；通风管平行于地坪铺设；同一水平面相邻通风管之间的间距为2m；通风花管为上下双层结构；通风花管的孔隙率为30％；通风花管的直径为160mm；第一层通风花管位于粮食储备库地坪下0.5m处，第二层通风花管位于粮食储备库地坪下1.5m处。
1台功率为4000W的风机可用于冷却2000吨储备粮食。
操作方法：气温低于-20℃运行风机，至地下温度传感器感测到的温度与气温之差均小于1℃且地上温度传感器感测到的温度均达到-15℃以下，停止风机运行。
实施例2
采用钢板仓双层保温粮食储备库储备粮食，采用自然风通风保粮。
2009年在黑龙江省友谊县新建2个10000吨的粮食储备库，一个选用实施例1的技术，一个选用实施例2的技术建造。秋季9月储备新粮(稻谷)各10000吨，当年9～12月不采取任何降温措施自然堆放。
第二年1月夜间气温低于-20℃实施例1粮食储备库运行风机，风机累计运行48h。2个粮食储备库内粮食各月份储存温度平均值如表1所示。
表1
Figure PCTCN2017076836-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2017076836-appb-000002
检测结果显示实施例1粮食储存效果好，且粮食堆温度均匀一致。
稻谷在实施例1和2粮食储备库中储存3年，实施例1中粮食霉变量≤0.01％，实施例2中粮食霉变量为3.4％。实施例1中粮食储备6年，粮食霉变量均≤0.1％，营养成分损失率≤5％。

Claims (10)

  1. 高纬度节能低温粮食储备库，其特征在于高纬度节能低温粮食储备库包括保温墙体(1)、保温屋顶、保温门窗和冷却系统；
    保温墙体(1)延伸至粮食储备库地坪(2)水平面下；
    冷却系统包括通风管、透气阻隔沙土织物、温度传感器(4)和风机(5)；其中，通风管又分为通风花管(3)和地上通风笼(6)，通风花管(3)外包裹透气阻隔沙土织物；通风花管(3)埋设于粮食储备库地坪(2)之下，通风笼(6)设置在粮食储备库地坪(2)之上，通风管一端与粮食储备库外设置的风机(5)相联通，通风管另一端与大气相通设置有可调式挡风板；温度传感器(4)分地上和地下两部分，地下温度传感器(4)均匀分布、位于相邻通风花管(3)中间，与相邻通风花管(3)距离相等；地上温度传感器(4)在粮食储藏空间均匀分布。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的高纬度节能低温粮食储备库，其特征在于保温墙体(1)延伸至粮食储备库地坪(2)水平面下2～4m。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的高纬度节能低温粮食储备库，其特征在于通风管平行于地坪(2)铺设；同一水平面相邻通风管之间的间距为1.5～2.5m。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的高纬度节能低温粮食储备库，其特征在于通风花管(3)的孔隙率为25％～30％；通风花管的直径为160mm～200mm；透气阻隔沙土织物为井底布、土工布或纱网；N根通风花管并联于1台风机(5)，N≥2。
  5. 根据权利要求1、2、3或4所述的高纬度节能低温粮食储备库，其特征在于通风花管(3)为上下双层结构。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的高纬度节能低温粮食储备库，其特征在于第一层通风花管(3)位于粮食储备库地坪(2)下0.5～1m处，第二层通风花管(3)位于粮食储备库地坪(2)下1.5～2m处。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的高纬度节能低温粮食储备库，其特征在于通风花管为PE管材+塑料管件、PVC管材+塑料管件、金属管材+金属管件或混凝土预制管材。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的高纬度节能低温粮食储备库，其特征在于粮食储备库保温墙体(1)为外保温墙体；M根通风笼与1台风机相联通，M≥2。
  9. 利用权利要求1所述高纬度节能低温粮食储备库储备粮食的方法，其特征在于粮食放入储备库后按以下步骤进行处理：
    气温低于-20℃运行风机(5)，至地下温度传感器(4)感测到的温度与气温之差均小 于1℃且地上温度传感器(4)感测到的温度均达到-15℃以下，停止风机(5)运行。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述高纬度节能低温粮食储备库储备粮食的方法，其特征在于风机(5)间歇性运行。
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