WO2017156702A1 - 复合显示装置 - Google Patents

复合显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017156702A1
WO2017156702A1 PCT/CN2016/076354 CN2016076354W WO2017156702A1 WO 2017156702 A1 WO2017156702 A1 WO 2017156702A1 CN 2016076354 W CN2016076354 W CN 2016076354W WO 2017156702 A1 WO2017156702 A1 WO 2017156702A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
photosensitive
display
pixel array
pixels
display device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/076354
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡笑平
Original Assignee
博立多媒体控股有限公司
胡笑平
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 博立多媒体控股有限公司, 胡笑平 filed Critical 博立多媒体控股有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2016/076354 priority Critical patent/WO2017156702A1/zh
Publication of WO2017156702A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017156702A1/zh

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/042—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by opto-electronic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a display device, and in particular to a display device having a composite function.
  • a composite display device comprising a display pixel array, a photosensitive pixel array and a peripheral circuit.
  • the display pixel array is composed of a plurality of display pixels
  • the photosensitive pixel array is composed of a plurality of photosensitive pixels.
  • the peripheral circuit includes a display control circuit for driving display pixel illumination, and a photosensitive control circuit for reading the charge or voltage induced by the photosensitive pixel.
  • at least part of the display pixels and the photosensitive pixels are arranged one above another in a direction perpendicular to the display surface of the display device, or are arranged alternately with each other, left and right, left and right; and the area covered by the display pixel illumination is covered by the photosensitive pixels The areas that at least partially coincide.
  • a composite display device integrates two basic functions of light emission and light sensitivity by overlapping or staggering display pixels for emitting light and photosensitive pixels for sensing light. Based on the photosensitive pixels, the display device according to the present invention can be used to implement various functions such as charging, imaging, and input of light energy, thereby opening up a new development direction of the composite display device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a photosensitive pixel array used for an input function in the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a display device of the present invention superimposed with a touch panel
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic overall structural view of a display device of Embodiment 3.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an interleaved structure of two types of pixels of the display device of Embodiment 3;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of (a) an active pixel reading circuit of a general photosensitive device, (b) a schematic diagram of a passive pixel reading circuit of a general photosensitive device, and (c) writing of a display device using an active matrix.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a control circuit shared by the display device and the photosensitive device obtained in conjunction with FIGS. 7(b) and (c) in the present invention. [0017] FIG.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing a honeycomb arrangement manner of display pixels in the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a generalized Bayesian arrangement of display pixels in the present invention.
  • the composite display device combines two basic functions of illuminating and sensitizing, the basic structure of which includes a display pixel array, a photosensitive pixel array and peripheral circuits.
  • the display pixel array is composed of a plurality of display pixels, is formed as a display surface of the display device, and realizes a display function of the display device by light emission.
  • Implementations of display pixel arrays can employ a variety of possible array illumination techniques, such as light emitting diode (LED) arrays, organic light emitting diode (OLED) arrays, and the like.
  • Active matrix organic light emitting diodes (AMOLEDs) in OLEDs are an excellent choice.
  • the photosensitive pixel array is composed of a plurality of photosensitive pixels.
  • the so-called photosensitive pixels can be formed by various types of photosensitive devices, the state of which corresponds to the intensity of the incident external light, as long as a certain detectable state can produce a corresponding change according to different incident light intensities.
  • a photosensitive (or photovoltaic) diode, a photoresistor, or the like can be selected.
  • the manner in which the state changes may vary depending on the characteristics of the photosensitive device, and may be, for example, a change in resistance value or a change in voltage value.
  • the peripheral circuit includes a display control circuit and a photosensitive control circuit.
  • the display control circuit is used to drive the display pixels to emit light
  • the photosensitive control circuit is used to read the charge or voltage induced by the photosensitive pixels.
  • the two control circuits can be designed according to the specific type of pixel array being matched, can be independent of each other, or share some of the lines or components according to the similarity of functions and structures.
  • Each of the photosensitive pixels is formed as a photovoltaic element, and the charge or voltage induced by the photosensitive pixel read by the photosensitive control circuit is used for storage or use as electrical energy.
  • the photosensitive pixel can be used as a photovoltaic device, such as a silicon solar panel or a thin film solar cell.
  • the power supply function through the photosensitive pixels helps to increase the life of the electronic products.
  • Each of the photosensitive pixels is formed as an imaging element, and a charge or voltage induced by the photosensitive pixel read by the photosensitive control circuit is used for imaging.
  • the photosensitive pixels can be obtained by using a common photosensitive device.
  • the so-called imaging function for example, can be used to input fingerprints, palm prints or irises of the eyes, which is beneficial to enriching the functions of electronic products and improving the safety of their use.
  • the display pixel array is preferably controlled accordingly, for example, as a solid color of appropriate brightness.
  • one or more photosensitive pixels are formed as an input component, and the photosensitive control circuit is further configured to reset the photosensitive pixels corresponding to the respective input components, and are sensed according to the photosensitive pixels corresponding to the respective input components read after the resetting A charge or voltage that outputs a key signal that indicates that the corresponding input element is occluded or unoccluded.
  • This input method obtains input information by sensing the change of light intensity, instead of the traditional pressure input, on the one hand, the response speed is faster, on the other hand, no finger pressure is applied, which not only reduces the working strength of the finger, but also only needs Move to the shaded position to reduce the need for finger flexibility.
  • the structure for realizing the input function includes a plurality of key positions A10 and a photosensitive control circuit A20.
  • Each of the keys A10 is provided with a light transmission window Al1 and an input member A12.
  • the occlusion A32 that the user uses to perform the input may be, for example, a finger, a stylus, or the like.
  • the light transmission window A1 is for incidence of external light (as indicated by the dashed arrow in the figure), which may have any shape and arrangement.
  • the light transmission windows of different key positions may be separated from each other or may be a single unit.
  • the top of the entire photosensitive pixel array can be completely transparent, and the light-transmissive area corresponding to each key position can be regarded as the light transmission window of the key position.
  • the light transmissive window can be a cornice or a through hole in the opaque barrier A31.
  • the light transmission window may also be a window made of a transparent material, embedded in On the transparent compartment.
  • the light transmissive window may include a concentrating lens to allow incident external light to be better concentrated on the input member.
  • the input element A12 is disposed on the optical path behind the light transmission window, the state of which corresponds to the intensity of the incident external light.
  • Each of the input elements A12 can be acted upon by one photosensitive pixel, in which case the photosensitive pixels can have a larger size, such as a millimeter size.
  • An input element can also consist of multiple photosensitive pixels.
  • the photosensitive control circuit needs to reset the photosensitive pixels constituting the input element before reading the key state to eliminate the influence of the accumulated light.
  • the so-called reset refers to returning the photosensitive pixels to a state where they are not illuminated, for example, by clearing or resetting.
  • the specific method of clearing or resetting may be different for different types of photosensitive pixels, for example, by applying a zero voltage or a reverse voltage to the read end of the signal.
  • the specific clearing or resetting method can be determined according to the characteristics of the photosensitive pixels used.
  • the reading method of the photosensitive control circuit can refer to a scanning and reading method of an existing keyboard or a touch panel, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • a periodic reading method or a trigger reading method may be employed; each reading unit may read each input element one by one according to a predetermined inter-turn interval, or may read all the inputs simultaneously. element.
  • the logic used by the photosensitive control circuit for determining the state of the input element can be designed according to the actual application.
  • a parameter threshold can be set.
  • a parameter of the input component that changes with light intensity such as the resistance value of the photoresistor, the voltage value of the photodiode, etc.
  • the key is considered The bit is occluded, resulting in an input.
  • a threshold of the magnitude of the change may be set. When the magnitude of the change of the measured parameter of the input component is greater than the set threshold, the key is considered to be occluded, thereby generating an input.
  • the magnitude of the change as the basis for the judgment may be the absolute value of the change (for example, the difference from the parameter value obtained in the previous scan), or may be the ratio of the change (for example, the ratio of the change in the parameter value in the case of unoccluded,
  • the parameter values in the case of unoccluded conditions can be continuously updated). In some applications, the latter is preferred in order to accurately determine the state in which the key is occluded when the external light intensity changes.
  • the judgment logic may be further adopted, that is, only the key position state is changed from no occlusion to occlusion, and is regarded as one input, and the key state remains occlusion ⁇ , or the occlusion changes to no occlusion ⁇ For input. In this way, the occlusion of a key between long squats is only produced. Once the input is made, the occlusion is moved and then occluded to produce a second input.
  • each key position represents a physical key. Similar to a traditional keyboard, a physical key can also be a composite key of multiple virtual keys, and can be set by a preset input rule (for example, a combination of multiple keys). To distinguish, no longer repeat them.
  • the input element is designed to be a button size of a conventional keyboard, arranged in accordance with a set rule, such that the photosensitive pixel array (or a portion thereof) is formed as a keyboard.
  • input elements of a size of millimeters or less may be designed, the plurality of input elements being arranged in a dense two-dimensional array such that the photosensitive pixel array (or a portion thereof) is formed as a sliding input plate.
  • different input element arrangements can also be grouped together, for example, as a keyboard with a sliding input pad.
  • a pattern for indicating the physical boundary of the input element such as a frame of a key, or a boundary of a sliding input board, etc.
  • a pattern representing the identity of the input element such as letters, numbers, symbols, etc., may be further displayed. Therefore, the operating state of the display pixel array can be controlled according to the needs of the input function.
  • the top portion can adopt an integrally formed porous plate, which is hollowed out at the light transmission window or closed with a transparent member.
  • the bottom part can be integrated with a printed circuit board (PCB) or a flexible circuit board (FPC) to integrate the input components and the photosensitive control circuit.
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • FPC flexible circuit board
  • the photosensitive pixel array can also be designed for more than two functions.
  • the light-sensing pixels used for power supply can also be switched to provide an input function, and vice versa, requiring only the light-sensing control circuit to change the way the charge or voltage being read is used.
  • the photosensitive pixel array can be used both for the user to realize the input and to convert and utilize the light energy in the idle state, thereby further enriching the functions of the composite display device.
  • photovoltaic panels commonly used for power supply and photosensitive devices commonly used for electronic imaging are significantly different in technology.
  • photovoltaic panels represent various possible photoelectric conversion devices for power supply, including but not limited to, polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic panels, monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panels, amorphous silicon photovoltaic panels, III-V semiconductor photovoltaic panels. , copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) photovoltaic panels, calcium titanium photovoltaic panels, photovoltaic films, etc., will not be described below.
  • CGS copper indium gallium selenide
  • Photovoltaic panels can be considered “monochrome”, although the spectral range of their operation can be very wide, but does not distinguish between color signals. While the photosensitive device is also monochromatic, in the mainstream, it is generally colored.
  • the photovoltaic panel does not need a single component with a small size, so it can be considered that the "pixel" of the photovoltaic panel is very large, its size can be centimeters or even decimeters, and the corresponding peripheral circuits are few.
  • the photosensitive device is mainly used for imaging, so the pixels are many and small, and the size is in the order of millimeters or even micrometers, and the corresponding peripheral circuits are more complicated.
  • the photovoltaic panel is mainly considered for the energy efficiency of photoelectric conversion, and does not need to consider electronic noise.
  • Photosensitive devices mainly consider signal-to-noise ratio, and need to consider photoelectric conversion efficiency and electronic noise.
  • the photovoltaic panel does not require a signal amplifying circuit and a signal reading circuit for charge-to-voltage.
  • the photosensitive device requires a signal amplifying circuit and a signal reading circuit.
  • the photovoltaic panel is an energizing component in the circuit.
  • the photosensitive device is used as a load in the circuit.
  • the photosensitive devices are all formed in the form of a pixel array, and thus both have a photoelectric conversion function and a determinant address reading function.
  • the photosensitive pixels When used as a light-sensitive input port, the photosensitive pixels only need to work in "monochrome"; the size of the photosensitive pixels can be made larger, for example, on the order of millimeters; as an input, the reading frequency is higher than that of a conventional photosensitive device.
  • the need for the photosensitive pixel array to operate in the photosensitive mode does not substantially conflict with the need to operate in the photovoltaic panel mode.
  • sensitized control The circuit resets the photosensitive pixels, and directly outputs the voltage value on the photosensitive pixels according to a preset scanning and reading mode.
  • the photosensitive control circuit can connect the photosensitive pixels according to a preset series or parallel mode, or directly transfer the charges in the photosensitive pixels to an output capacitor.
  • the photosensitive pixel array according to the present invention can be used only as a photovoltaic panel or a photosensitive input device, or both.
  • the display pixel array and the photosensitive pixel array may be arranged in an overlapping or staggered manner. Specifically, at least part of the display pixels and the photosensitive pixels are arranged one above another in a direction perpendicular to the display surface of the display device, or are arranged alternately with each other, left and right, left and right; and the area covered by the display pixel and the photosensitive pixel The covered areas, at least partially coincide.
  • the display pixel array and the photosensitive pixel array can be separately fabricated and then superimposed together; when interleaved, the two pixel arrays can be formed simultaneously.
  • the preferred arrangement of the display pixel array and the photosensitive pixel array can be determined according to the desired composite function, as well as the structure and material type of the various pixels selected.
  • the display pixel array and the photosensitive pixel array may be arranged overlapping, and the photosensitive pixel array is positioned below the display pixel array.
  • the display pixel array is selected as an OLED or an AMOLED
  • the display pixel array and the photosensitive pixel array are preferably independently fabricated and overlapped, or the photosensitive pixel array may be formed on the same semiconductor base layer as the display control circuit of the display pixel array. .
  • the display device may further include a touch panel A40 that is transparent and covers the surface of the display device A00 for responding to the user's The touch operation produces an input signal.
  • the photosensitive pixel array is formed as a plurality of input elements A12, and the display pixel array displays the physical boundary A50 of the key bits corresponding to each input element.
  • the superimposed touchpad can enrich the function of the display device on the one hand, and on the other hand, especially when the photosensitive pixel array is used to provide an input function, the superimposed touchpad enables a key to provide "occluded" and "occluded and touched""Two input states that double the ability to express a key.
  • each key in Figure 2 can be used to enter two symbols (such as the case of the same letter).
  • the finger When the finger only gently blocks the key, it means that one of the symbols is input.
  • the finger presses the key slightly the input is indicated.
  • Another symbol Another example, in the photosensitive pixel array
  • the column-formed input elements behave as the aforementioned sliding input pad ⁇ , which can be responded to by the input element when the finger is only opaque, and can be responded to by the touch screen when the finger touches the screen, thereby producing two different inputs at one key position. Due to its richer input and expression capabilities, this combined input structure can be used with one button. Therefore, it is possible to increase the size of a single physical key by reusing the keys in a limited space. It is more convenient and also improves the efficiency of the input.
  • the display device according to the present invention can be integrated or separated from other external devices (such as speakers and microphones) of electronic products or electronic products, so that various additional functional modules can be configured for the display device according to actual application needs, for example. , may include one or more selected from the following modules:
  • power supply module used to supply power to other power modules; may be energy storage type power modules, such as rechargeable or non-rechargeable batteries, super capacitors, etc.; may also be power converters for external power supply circuits It can also be a photovoltaic panel (either the photovoltaic panel as described above by the photosensitive pixel array or an additional photovoltaic panel).
  • communication module used for communication with electronic products, transmission key signals, etc.; may be wired or wireless communication modules, such as infrared communication module, public radio band communication module, Bluetooth module, WiFi module, WiMax module, 2G/3G /4G/5G communication module, etc. It is worth mentioning that communication modules for long-distance wireless communication, such as 3G/4G, may not be necessary in applications like computer keyboards, but for handheld cash registers, terminals for mobile customer service platforms, etc. Remote distributed devices are preferred.
  • Additional input module A module for collecting input information by other means, such as an image acquisition module for inputting a fingerprint or a palm print, a voice recognition module for inputting a sound signal, and the like.
  • the input information of these modules may be alternated or used in conjunction with the input information of the photosensitive pixel array, for example, selecting one of a plurality of key values corresponding to a single key signal according to the input sound signal, or selecting a plurality of currently possible input results.
  • One which can greatly improve the convenience of input.
  • a storage module configured to record the input historical data, and generate an input prompt for subsequent input according to the historical data, and the prompts can be displayed through the display pixel array.
  • Interface module used to connect various external devices, and may include a serial interface, a parallel interface, a USB interface, a memory card (such as an SD card, a TFT card) interface, an external speaker and a microphone interface, a network cable interface, and the like.
  • FIG. 3 One embodiment of a display device in accordance with the present invention may refer to FIG. 3, including display pixel array 110, photo sensitive pixel array 120, and peripheral circuitry.
  • the peripheral circuit is referred to as a display control circuit 131 and a photosensitive control circuit 132.
  • the display pixel array 110 is formed as an organic light emitting material layer of an OLED display screen (for example, an AMOLED display panel) of 100 ⁇ .
  • the display control circuit 131 employs a thin film driving circuit.
  • the OLED display also includes a light transmissive protective layer (cathode) 140.
  • the OLED display may be a top light or a bottom light.
  • the top light is taken as an example in FIG. 3 , wherein the solid arrow indicates the direction of the light, that is, the direction of the display surface with the outside. Relative direction. If the bottom LED 0 LED display is used, the viewing direction is opposite to that of the embodiment, and will not be described again.
  • the photosensitive pixel array 120 may employ a photovoltaic panel or a photosensitive chip having pixels of a large size.
  • the sensitization control circuit 132 can be designed to meet the needs of the function (power supply, imaging or sensitization input, etc.).
  • the OLED display panel (display pixel array) and the photosensitive pixel array are arranged one above another. And viewing the direction of the display surface along the outside, the photosensitive pixel array is disposed under the display pixel array, and the display pixel array is at least partially transparent, so that the photosensitive pixels located below can sense the light from the outside, as shown in FIG. The dotted arrows are shown. Since the photosensitive pixel is located below the display pixel, in the embodiment, the area covered by the photosensitive pixel is covered by the area covered by the display pixel.
  • the photosensitive pixel array may be unidirectionally sensitized or bidirectionally sensitized (as indicated by the dotted arrow below in FIG. 3).
  • the display pixel array preferably has a certain light transmissivity regardless of whether the photosensitive pixel array is disposed above or below the display pixel array, so as to fully utilize the two-way photographic capability of the photosensitive pixel array.
  • the display pixel array may also be disposed under the photosensitive pixel array in a direction in which the display surface is viewed externally, in which case the photosensitive pixel array is at least partially transparent. Since the photosensitive pixels are partially transparent, the photosensitivity thereof is weakened, and therefore, it is more preferable to arrange the photosensitive pixels below the display pixels.
  • the OLED display panel and the photosensitive device (including the photosensitive pixel array and the photosensitive control)
  • the circuits are separately fabricated and stacked together in accordance with the design, based on a mature existing process, which is a fast and convenient method of implementing the composite display device of the present invention.
  • the display control circuit of the display pixel array may be formed on a semiconductor layer that is at least partially transparent, and the photosensitive pixel array is also formed on the same semiconductor base layer.
  • a display control circuit can be formed on the top and bottom surfaces of the semiconductor substrate, respectively, with the photosensitive pixel array.
  • the display control circuit can be formed at least partially on the same side of the semiconductor substrate as the photosensitive pixel array. In this way, a more integrated composite display device can be realized.
  • FIG. 4 Another embodiment of the display device according to the present invention can be referred to FIG. 4, including a display pixel array 210, a photosensitive pixel array 220, and peripheral circuits (not shown).
  • the pixel array is represented in a single pixel in Figure 4.
  • Embodiment 1 This embodiment is similar to Embodiment 1 in that the display pixel array is arranged in the same manner as the photosensitive pixel array, but the difference is that the two pixel arrays are integrated in the same semiconductor base layer. Specifically, the display pixel array is formed on an at least partially transparent semiconductor substrate, and the photosensitive pixel array is also formed on the semiconductor substrate. In this case, the display pixel array typically employs an array of LEDs.
  • the type of semiconductor base layer used can be selected according to the needs of the design, for example, it can be either P-type or N-type.
  • the display pixel array 210 and the photosensitive pixel array 220 may be respectively formed on the top surface and the bottom surface of the semiconductor base layer.
  • the display pixel array 210 and the photosensitive pixel array 220 may be formed at different depths of the semiconductor base layer, respectively.
  • the display pixel 210 is formed on the top surface of the semiconductor base layer, and some of the photosensitive pixels 220' are also formed on the top surface of the semiconductor base layer.
  • the display pixel is at a different depth, and a portion of the photosensitive pixel 220" is formed on the bottom surface of the semiconductor substrate.
  • FIG. 4 shows a case where LED pixels and photosensitive pixels are formed by being cumbersome in the base layer, but it is well known to those skilled in the art that the LED pixels can also be stacked by stacking metal electrodes on the base layer. To achieve this, in this case, the LED pixels are highlighted above the base layer instead of being formed within the base layer, but the relative positional relationship between the two pixels can still be represented by FIG. 4. For example, 210 can be regarded as Set the position of the metal electrode. Therefore, the drawings herein are only schematic diagrams, and the arrangement relationship between the pixels is only used to indicate the relative positional relationship between the pixels, and is not limited to the manner in which the pixels are formed, and will not be described below.
  • FIG. 5 Another embodiment of a display device in accordance with the present invention can be seen in FIG. 5, including a display pixel array 310, a photosensitive pixel array 320, and peripheral circuitry (not shown).
  • a light transmissive protective layer 34 0 is also disposed on the top of the display device.
  • Embodiment 2 This embodiment is similar to Embodiment 2 in that the display pixel array and the photosensitive pixel array are integrated on the same semiconductor base layer, but the difference is that the display pixels and the photosensitive pixels are alternately formed on the same side of the semiconductor base layer.
  • the display pixel array can generally employ an LED array.
  • the solid arrow indicates the direction in which the LED array emits light
  • the dotted arrow indicates the direction in which the photosensitive pixel array is photosensitive.
  • the photosensitive pixel array may be unidirectionally photosensitive (as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 5). It can also be bidirectionally sensitized as indicated by the arrows (as indicated by the two dashed arrows in Figure 5).
  • the pixel array is represented by only a single pixel in FIG. 6.
  • the display pixel array 310 and the photosensitive pixel array 320 may be staggered only on the same side of the semiconductor base layer.
  • the pixel arrangement of Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 3 can also be used in combination.
  • the display pixel 310 and the partial photosensitive pixel 3 20' are alternately formed in the semiconductor.
  • the top surface of the base layer, and a portion of the photosensitive pixels 320" are formed on the bottom surface of the semiconductor base layer to overlap the display pixels 310.
  • 310 can be regarded as a position where metal electrodes are disposed.
  • the characteristics of the pixels in the display pixel array and the photosensitive pixel array may each be independently set. Specifically, whether the two arrays are separately fabricated or integrated, whether the pixels in the two arrays are vertically overlapped, left-right staggered, or mixed,
  • the arrays may have the same or different pixel sizes, may have the same or different pixel arrangement rules, and may also operate in the same or partially identical or completely different spectral ranges.
  • the preferred characteristics of the pixels in the two arrays can be determined based on the intended usage scenario, structural design, functional requirements, and the like.
  • the pixels in the display pixel array can be performed according to the display function required by the display device. Designs, usually with smaller dimensions (eg micron size), operate in the visible spectrum and display only one color per pixel (eg one of red, green, blue).
  • the photosensitive pixel array may be used for power supply or input, it may have a larger pixel size (for example, a size above a millimeter). If used for imaging, it may have a smaller pixel size, and generally does not need to distinguish colors, even if For input fingerprints, palm prints, etc., monochrome imaging is sufficient.
  • the photosensitive pixel array can also be designed to be colored in a special use design.
  • the photosensitive pixel when the photosensitive pixel is arranged to overlap with the display pixel, the photosensitive pixel can operate in a spectral range different or completely different (orthogonal) from the display pixel portion.
  • the display pixels located on the top surface of the base layer when the photosensitive pixels are overlapped and disposed under the display pixels, the display pixels located on the top surface of the base layer may operate in the visible light range, and the photosensitive pixels located on the top surface of the base layer may be It also works in the visible range, while the photosensitive pixels on the bottom of the base layer can work in the infrared range. Due to the deep penetration depth of the infrared light, this design can make full use of the light energy. This also allows the photosensitive pixels to supply power even when the room is weak.
  • the display control circuitry and the photosensitive control circuitry can at least partially share electronic circuitry, such as shareable address selection and control circuitry.
  • FIG. 7(a) is an active pixel reading circuit of a conventional photosensitive device (Active Pixel Reading)
  • FIG. 7(b) is a schematic diagram of a passive Pixel Reading Circuit of a conventional photosensitive device
  • FIG. 7(c) is a typical display device using an active matrix (for example, an OLED). /AMOLED, or LED) write control circuit (pixel level) schematic
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an implementation in which FIG. 7(b) is combined with FIG. 7(c).
  • the display pixel 410 may be a light emitting diode (LED); the photosensitive pixel 420 may be a photodiode or a photosensitive gate; the row selection signal line 451 is shared by two pixels; the input signal line 452 / the output signal line 453 are also shared, when used The display is used as the input signal line, when used for the photosensitive signal as the output signal line; the control line 454 is also shared, when used to display the control line of the light-emitting diode of the light-emitting diode, when used for the photosensitive light is the reset of the photodiode Control line; the cathode voltage supply line 455 of the photodiode is typically grounded or in series with other anodes of the photodiode (to facilitate charging); the signal amplifier 456 can be omitted or retained, thus shown in dashed boxes
  • the display control circuit and the photosensitive control circuit adopt a sharing mode such as that shown in FIG. 8, the photosensitive pixels and the display pixels operate differently, in other words, the display function and the photosensitive function cannot be used at the same time.
  • the display pixel 410 is driven, a voltage is input to the input signal line 452; and when the photosensitive pixel 420 is read, the output signal line 453 outputs the induced signal.
  • FIG. 8 is only a schematic explanation of the shared control circuit between the display device and the photosensitive device. Under different application conditions, depending on different display devices and different photosensitive devices, there may be a variety of different control circuit sharing implementation methods, but basically, it is generally a row selection line, a column selection line, and some components and The distribution of the control lines is shared.
  • pixels in an array display device are generally arranged horizontally or in a triangular arrangement, such as the GIR/B arrangement used by Samsung ⁇ in its Super AMOLED display, where R/B indicates that R is above B.
  • FIGS. 9(a) and (b) respectively show two honeycomb pattern arrangements of R, G, and B pixels.
  • the ratio of the three colors is the same.
  • a generalized bay blade pattern refers to a matrix arrangement pattern in which the number of primary colors is the sum of the numbers of the other two primary colors.
  • This arrangement has been used for the pixel arrangement of the photosensitive device, and also for the arrangement of the Bayesian pattern for the display pixels, and the color balance is achieved by a non-uniform pixel area.
  • the current practice is to reduce the area of the G pixel to R or B. Half the area of the pixel.
  • the present invention achieves color balance by adjusting the intensity of different colors.
  • the number of G pixels is the sum of R and B pixels, and two G pixels are on one diagonal, R and B.
  • the pixel is on the other diagonal.
  • the intensity of the doubled pixel needs to be reduced by half, so it is shown as G/2 in Fig. 10(a).
  • FIG. 10(b) shows another possible arrangement in which the number of R pixels is the sum of G and B pixels, but unlike FIG. 10(a), the intensity of the R pixel is not Reduce it to half of the original, but increase the intensity of the G and B pixels by a factor of two.
  • FIG. 10(c) shows another more general case, in which the number of B pixels is the sum of R and G pixels, and the intensity of B pixels is changed by the original k times, and the IjR and G pixels are The intensity changes accordingly to 2k times the original, where k is any positive real number.
  • FIG. 10 is only a small example of the generalized bayein pattern, and according to the principle, more other arrangement patterns can be produced, and will not be described again.

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Abstract

一种复合显示装置，包括显示像素阵列(110,210)，感光像素阵列(120,220)和周边电路。显示像素阵列(110,210)由多个显示像素(210)组成，感光像素阵列(120,220)由多个感光像素(220)组成。周边电路包括显示控制电路(131)和感光控制电路(132)，分别用于驱动显示像素(210)发光，和用于读取感光像素(220)感应的电荷或电压。其中，沿垂直于显示装置的显示面的方向，至少部分显示像素(210)和感光像素(220)彼此上下重叠地布置，或者，彼此左右交错地布置。所述复合显示装置将发光和感光两种基础功能融为一体。基于感光像素(220)，所述显示装置能够用于实现光能充电、成像、输入等多种功能。

Description

发明名称：复合显示装置
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及显示装置， 具体涉及一种具有复合功能的显示装置。
[0002] 背景技术
[0003] 随着便携式电子产品 （例如手机、 平板电脑等） 的功能日益强大， 人们花费越 来越多的吋间在这些产品上。 为提高使用的便利性， 这些电子产品的显示装置 逐渐发展为具有复合的多种功能。 例如， 常见地， 将显示屏与触摸屏重叠在一 起， 以兼具显示和输入的功能。
[0004] 以新的技术思路来发展具有复合功能的显示装置仍是值得研究的。
[0005] 发明内容
[0006] 依据本发明提供一种复合显示装置， 包括显示像素阵列， 感光像素阵列和周边 电路。 显示像素阵列由多个显示像素组成， 感光像素阵列由多个感光像素组成 。 周边电路包括显示控制电路和感光控制电路， 显示控制电路用于驱动显示像 素发光， 感光控制电路用于读取感光像素感应的电荷或电压。 其中， 沿垂直于 显示装置的显示面的方向， 至少部分显示像素和感光像素彼此上下重叠地布置 ， 或者， 彼此前后、 左右交错地布置； 且显示像素发光所覆盖的区域与感光像 素感光所覆盖的区域， 至少部分地重合。
[0007] 依据本发明的复合显示装置通过重叠或交错布置用来发光的显示像素和用来感 光的感光像素， 将发光和感光两种基础功能融为一体。 基于感光像素， 依据本 发明的显示装置能够用于实现光能充电、 成像、 输入等多种功能， 幵辟出复合 显示装置的新发展方向。
[0008] 以下结合附图， 对依据本发明的具体示例进行详细说明。
[0009] 附图说明
[0010] 图 1是本发明中将感光像素阵列用于输入功能的结构原理示意图；
[0011] 图 2是本发明的显示装置叠加有触摸板的结构示意图；
[0012] 图 3是实施例 1的显示装置的重叠结构示意图； [0013] 图 4是实施例 2的显示装置的两种像素的重叠结构示意图；
[0014] 图 5是实施例 3的显示装置的整体结构示意图；
[0015] 图 6是实施例 3的显示装置的两种像素的交错结构示意图；
[0016] 图 7是， （a)通常的感光器件的主动像素读取电路示意图， （b)通常的感光器件的 被动像素读取电路示意图， （c)通常的采用主动矩阵的显示器件的写控制电路 （ 像素层级） 示意图；
[0017] 图 8是本发明中结合了图 7(b)和 (c)获得的由显示器件和感光器件共享的控制电 路的示意图；
[0018] 图 9是本发明中显示像素的蜂窝排列方式示意图；
[0019] 图 10是本发明中显示像素的广义贝叶排列方式示意图。
[0020] 具体实施方式
[0021] 依据本发明的复合显示装置融合了发光和感光两种基本功能， 其基本结构包括 显示像素阵列， 感光像素阵列和周边电路。
[0022] 显示像素阵列由多个显示像素组成， 形成为显示装置的显示面， 通过发光实现 显示装置的显示功能。 显示像素阵列的实现可采用各种可行的阵列发光技术， 例如发光二极管 （LED) 阵列， 有机发光二极管 （OLED) 阵列等。 OLED中的 有源矩阵有机发光二极管 （AMOLED) 是一种优秀的选择。
[0023] 感光像素阵列由多个感光像素组成。 所称感光像素可由各种类型的感光器件形 成， 其状态与入射的外部光线的光强相对应， 只要其某种可检测的状态能够根 据不同的入射光强产生相应的变化即可。 例如可选择感光 （或光伏） 二极管、 感光电阻等。 根据感光器件的不同特性， 其状态变化的方式也可以不同， 例如 可以是电阻值的变化， 也可以是电压值的变化等。
[0024] 周边电路包括显示控制电路和感光控制电路。 显示控制电路用于驱动显示像素 发光， 感光控制电路用于读取感光像素感应的电荷或电压。 这两个控制电路可 以根据所匹配的像素阵列的具体类型进行设计， 可以是彼此独立的， 也可以根 据功能和结构的相似性， 共享部分线路或元件。
[0025] 根据所选择的感光像素的具体特性的差异， 其可以用于实现各种不同的功能。
包括但不限于： [0026] 功能一， 用于供电。
[0027] 每个感光像素形成为光伏元件， 感光控制电路读取的感光像素感应的电荷或电 压用于作为电能储存或使用。 在这种情况下， 感光像素可采用光伏器件来充当 ， 例如硅太阳能板或薄膜太阳能电池等。 通过感光像素实现的供电功能有利于 增加电子产品的续航吋间。
[0028] 功能二， 用于成像。
[0029] 每个感光像素形成为成像元件， 感光控制电路读取的感光像素感应的电荷或电 压用于成像。 这种情况下， 感光像素可采用常见的感光器件制作方式来获得。 所称成像的功能， 例如， 可用于输入指纹、 掌纹或眼睛虹膜等， 有利于丰富电 子产品的功能并提高其使用的安全性。 当然， 在显示装置用作成像输入吋， 显 示像素阵列最好进行相应的控制， 例如显示为亮度适当的纯色。
[0030] 功能三， 用于输入。
[0031] 一个或多个感光像素形成为一个输入元件， 感光控制电路还用于重置各个输入 元件所对应的感光像素， 根据重置后读取的与各个输入元件所对应的感光像素 感应的电荷或电压， 输出表示相应的输入元件被遮挡或不被遮挡的键信号 （key signal) 。 这种输入方式通过感应光强的变化来获得输入信息， 以此代替传统的 压力输入， 一方面响应速度更快， 另一方面无需手指施压， 不仅减轻了手指的 工作强度， 还由于只需移动到遮光位置即可， 降低了对手指灵活性的要求。
[0032] 以上三种功能可以分别实现也可以同吋实现。
[0033] 以下参考图 1， 对感光像素用于输入的情况进行示意性说明。 图 1中， 实现输入 功能的结构包括若干个键位 （key position) A10以及感光控制电路 A20。 每个键 位 A10上设置有一透光窗 Al l和一输入元件 A12。 用户用于执行输入的遮挡物 A32 可以是例如手指、 输入笔等。
[0034] 透光窗 Al l用于外部光线的入射 （如图中虚线箭头所示） ， 其可具有任意的形 状和布置方式。 不同键位的透光窗可以彼此分隔也可以是一个整体。 例如， 整 个感光像素阵列的顶部可以全部透光， 每个键位所对应的透光区域即可视为该 键位的透光窗。 在一些实施方式中， 透光窗可以是不透明隔层 A31上的幵口或通 孔。 在另一些实施方式中， 透光窗也可以是以透明材料制成的窗户， 嵌置在不 透明隔层上。 作为一种优选的实施方式， 透光窗可包括一聚光透镜， 使得入射 的外部光线能更好地集中到输入元件上。
[0035] 输入元件 A12设置在透光窗之后的光路上， 其状态与入射的外部光线的光强相 对应。 每个输入元件 A12可以由一个感光像素来充当， 这种情况下， 感光像素可 以具有较大的尺寸， 例如毫米级的尺寸。 一个输入元件也可以由多个感光像素 组成。
[0036] 为了能准确识别输入元件被遮挡的状态， 感光控制电路在读取键位状态之前需 要先重置组成输入元件的感光像素， 以消除已经积累的光照的影响。 所称重置 指将感光像素恢复到未经光线照射的状态， 可采用例如清零或复位的方式。 对 于不同类型的感光像素， 清零或复位的具体方法可能各有不同， 例如， 通常可 通过在信号的读取端施加一个零电压或反向电压来实现。 具体的清零或复位方 式， 可根据所使用的感光像素自身的特性来确定。
[0037] 感光控制电路的读取方式可参照现有的键盘或触摸屏等的扫描和读取方式， 本 发明对此不予限定。 例如， 可采用周期性读取的方式， 也可采用触发式读取的 方式； 每次读取吋， 可按照预定的吋间间隔逐个读取每一输入元件， 也可同吋 读取全部输入元件。
[0038] 感光控制电路所采用的用于判断输入元件状态的逻辑可根据实际应用的情况来 设计。 例如， 可设置一参数阈值， 当输入元件的某个随光强变化的参数 （例如 感光电阻的电阻值、 感光二极管的电压值等） 小于 （或大于） 所设置的阈值吋 ， 即认为该键位被遮挡， 从而产生一次输入。 又如， 可设置一变化幅度的阈值 ， 当输入元件的被测参数的变化幅度大于所设置的阈值吋， 即认为该键位被遮 挡， 从而产生一次输入。 作为判断依据的变化幅度可以是变化的绝对值 （例如 相对于上一次扫描获得的参数值的差值） ， 也可以是变化的比例 （例如相对于 未受遮挡情况下的参数值变化的比例， 其中未受遮挡情况下的参数值可持续更 新） 。 在某些应用情况下， 后者是优选的， 以便于在外界光强发生变化吋仍能 准确判断键位被遮挡的状态。 此外， 还可进一步采用这样的判断逻辑， 即仅在 键位状态由无遮挡变化为遮挡吋视为一次输入， 而在键位状态保持为遮挡吋， 或者由遮挡变化为无遮挡吋则不视为输入。 这样， 长吋间的遮挡某一键位仅产 生一次输入， 需要将遮挡物移幵后再行遮挡才会产生第二次输入。
[0039] 感光控制电路所采用的输出键信号的方式可根据实际应用的需要来设计。 例如 ， 可仅输出判断为透光窗被遮挡或不被遮挡的键位的键值 （key value) ， 也可采 用位图 （bitmap) 的形式输出表示全部键位的状态的信号。 需要说明的是， 每个 键位代表的是一个物理键， 与传统键盘类似， 一个物理键也可以是多个虚拟键 的复合键， 可通过预先设置的输入规则 （例如多个键的组合） 来进行区分， 不 再赘述。
[0040] 通过设计输入元件的大小、 排布方式以及整体结构， 可以实现各种不同的输入 功能。 在一种实施方式中， 将输入元件设计为普通键盘的按键大小， 按照设定 的规则进行排布， 即可使得感光像素阵列 （或者其中的一部分） 形成为键盘。 在另一实施方式中， 可设计尺寸为毫米级或者更小的输入元件， 多个输入元件 排布为密集的二维阵列， 使得感光像素阵列 （或者其中的一部分） 形成为滑动 输入板。 当然， 不同的输入元件布置方式也可集合在一起， 例如， 形成为带有 滑动输入板的键盘。 为便于标识， 可以由显示像素阵列显示出用于表示出输入 元件的物理边界的图案， 例如键位的框线， 或者滑动输入板的边界等。 当然， 还可进一步显示出表示输入元件的标识的图案， 例如字母、 数字、 符号等。 因 此， 可根据对输入功能的需要， 控制显示像素阵列的工作状态。
[0041] 由于无需被按下， 由感光像素阵列实现的全部键位可形成为一个整体， 例如图 1所示， 顶部可采用一体成型的多孔板， 在透光窗处镂空或以透明元件封闭， 底 部可采用整体的印刷线路板 （PCB) 或柔性线路板 （FPC) 等， 从而将输入元件 以及感光控制电路集成在一起。 这种结构能够容易地与显示像素阵列集成在一 起， 并且能够容易地具有超薄且防水、 防尘的优越特性。
[0042] 当然， 感光像素阵列也可以被设计为用于两个以上的功能。 例如， 用于供电的 感光像素也可以切换为用于提供输入功能， 反之亦然， 只需要感光控制电路改 变对所读取的电荷或电压的使用方式即可。 这样， 感光像素阵列既能够在用户 需要吋用于实现输入， 还能够在空闲吋进行光能的转换和利用， 进一步丰富复 合显示装置的功能。
[0043] 需要说明的是， 以上提出可以利用感光像素阵列来实现诸如供电和感光 （输入 ) 等不同的功能。 然而， 在传统的技术领域中， 通常用于供电的光伏板和通常 用于电子成像的感光器件是具有显著的技术差异的。 简明起见， 本文中以"光伏 板"代表各种可能的用于供电的光电转换器件， 包括但不限于， 多晶硅光伏板、 单晶硅光伏板、 非晶硅光伏板、 III-V半导体光伏板、 铜铟镓硒 （CIGS) 光伏板 、 钙钛光伏板、 光伏薄膜等， 以下不再赘述。
[0044] 在传统认识中， 光伏板与感光器件的差别主要在于：
[0045] 一、 光伏板可以被认为是 "单色 "的， 尽管其工作的光谱范围可以非常宽， 但并 不区分颜色信号。 而感光器件虽然也有单色的， 但主流而言， 一般是彩色的。
[0046] 二、 光伏板并不需要尺寸很小的单个元件， 因此可以认为光伏板的"像素"是很 大的， 其尺寸可以是厘米甚至分米级的， 相应的周边电路也很少。 而感光器件 主要用于成像， 因此像素很多且很小， 其尺寸是毫米甚至微米级的， 相应的周 边电路也更多更复杂。
[0047] 三、 光伏板主要考虑的是光电转换的能量效率， 不需要考虑电子噪声。 而感光 器件则主要考虑信噪比， 需要同吋考虑光电转换效率和电子噪声。
[0048] 四、 光伏板不需要信号放大电路以及电荷转电压的信号读取电路。 而感光器件 则需要信号放大电路和信号读取电路。
[0049] 五、 光伏板在电路中是供能部件。 而感光器件在电路中则是作为负载。
[0050] 然而， 在基于本发明的感光像素阵列中， 能够充分利用这些不同的功能之间的 实质上的近似性， 使得上述差别均不再构成实质性差异， 使得两种明显不同的 传统功能得以被统一地实现并能够按需要进行转换。
[0051] 依据本发明， 无论是充当光伏板还是感光器件 （用于感光输入） ， 感光器件均 形成为像素阵列的形式， 因而均具备光电转换功能和行列式的寻址读取功能。 在用作感光输入吋， 感光像素仅需要工作于"单色"； 感光像素的尺寸可以做得较 大， 例如达到毫米量级； 作为输入的需要， 其读取频率与传统感光器件相比要 低得多， 因此可以采用被动读取方式 （即直接输出感光像素上的电压值） 来读 取， 使得传统感光器件所需要的信号放大电路和信号读取电路均可省去 （当然 也可保留） 。 综上可以看出， 感光像素阵列工作于感光模式的需求与工作于光 伏板模式的需求没有实质性地冲突。 当作为感光输入装置工作吋， 感光控制电 路复位感光像素， 并按照预设扫描和读取方式直接输出感光像素上的电压值。 当作为光伏板工作吋， 感光控制电路可按照预设的串联或并联模式进行感光像 素之间的连接， 或者， 直接将感光像素中的电荷， 全部转移到一个输出电容上 去。 总而言之， 依据本发明的感光像素阵列可仅用作光伏板或感光输入装置， 也可以同吋兼具二者的功能。
[0052] 在依据本发明的显示装置中， 显示像素阵列与感光像素阵列可采用重叠或交错 的方式进行布置。 具体地， 沿垂直于显示装置的显示面的方向， 至少部分显示 像素和感光像素彼此上下重叠地布置， 或者， 彼此前后、 左右交错地布置； 且 显示像素发光所覆盖的区域与感光像素感光所覆盖的区域， 至少部分地重合。
[0053] 当采用重叠的布置方式吋， 显示像素阵列与感光像素阵列可以分别单独地制作 ， 然后叠加在一起； 当采用交错地布置方式吋， 两种像素阵列可以同吋制作形 成。
[0054] 显示像素阵列与感光像素阵列的优选布置方式可根据所期望实现的复合功能， 以及所选择的各种像素的结构和材料类型来确定。 例如， 在感光像素阵列用作 感光 （成像或输入） 功能吋， 显示像素阵列与感光像素阵列可以重叠地布置， 且感光像素阵列位于显示像素阵列的下方。 又如， 若显示像素阵列选择为 OLED 或 AMOLED吋， 显示像素阵列与感光像素阵列最好各自独立地制作并重叠地布 置， 或者感光像素阵列可以与显示像素阵列的显示控制电路形成于同一半导体 基层。 后续将以具体实施例对几种优选的布置方式进行说明。
[0055] 作为一种优选的实施方式， 参考图 2， 依据本发明的显示装置还可进一步包括 触摸板 A40， 该触摸板是透明的， 覆盖于显示装置 A00的表面， 用于响应于用户 的触摸操作产生输入信号。 图 2中， 感光像素阵列形成为若干输入元件 A12， 显 示像素阵列则显示出每个输入元件所对应的键位的物理边界 A50。 叠加触摸板一 方面能够丰富显示装置的功能， 另一方面， 尤其是在感光像素阵列用于提供输 入功能吋， 叠加触摸板使得一个键位就可提供 "被遮挡"以及"被遮挡且被触摸"两 种输入状态， 使得键位的表达能力倍增。 例如， 图 2中的每个键位可用于输入两 个符号 （例如同一字母的大小写） ， 当手指仅轻轻遮挡键位吋表示输入其中一 个符号， 当手指稍用力按压键位吋表示输入另一个符号。 又如， 在感光像素阵 列形成的输入元件表现为前述的滑动输入板吋， 当手指仅遮光吋可由输入元件 响应， 当手指触摸屏幕吋则可由触摸屏响应， 从而在一个键位产生两种不同的 输入。 这种组合式的输入结构由于具有更丰富的输入表达能力， 可以一键双用 ， 因此能够在空间有限的情况下， 通过键位的重复利用， 增大单个物理键位的 尺寸， 既使得使用更加方便， 也提高了输入的效率。
[0056] 依据本发明的显示装置可以与电子产品或者电子产品的其他外部设备 （例如扬 声器和麦克风） 集成为一体或者相分离， 因此可根据实际应用需要为显示装置 配置各种附加功能模块， 例如， 可包括选自如下模块中的一种或多种：
[0057] 电源供应模块： 用于为其他用电模块供电； 可以是储能式的电源模块， 例如可 充电或不可充电的电池、 超级电容等； 也可以是用于外接供电电路的电源转换 器； 还可以是光伏板 （既可以是上述由感光像素阵列充当的光伏板， 也可以是 额外配置的光伏板） 。
[0058] 通信模块： 用于与电子产品进行通信， 传输键信号等； 可以是有线或无线通信 模块， 例如红外通信模块、 公用无线电频段通信模块、 蓝牙模块、 WiFi模块、 WiMax模块、 2G/3G/4G/5G通信模块等。 值得一提的是， 用于远距离无线通信的 通信模块， 例如 3G/4G等， 在类似于电脑键盘这样的应用中可能没有必要， 但对 于手持式收银终端、 移动式客户服务平台的终端等远程分布式设备， 是优选采 用的。
[0059] 附加输入模块： 用于通过其他方式采集输入信息的模块， 例如用于输入指纹或 掌纹的影像采集模块， 用于输入声音信号的语音识别模块等。 这些模块的输入 信息可以与感光像素阵列的输入信息交替或配合使用， 例如根据输入的声音信 号来选择与单个键信号对应的多个键值中的一个， 或者选择当前可能的多个输 入结果中的一个， 能够大大提高输入的便利程度。
[0060] 存储模块： 用于记录输入的历史数据， 并根据历史数据生成对后续输入的输入 提示， 这些提示可通过显示像素阵列显示出来。
[0061] 接口模块： 用于连接各种外部设备， 可包括串联接口、 并联接口、 USB接口、 存储卡 （例如 SD卡、 TFT卡） 接口， 外部扬声器和麦克风接口、 网线接口等。
[0062] 以下对依据本发明的显示装置的具体应用形式进行举例说明。 以上各种说明和 解释， 如无冲突， 均适用于依据本发明的各种实施方式。
[0063] 实施例 1
[0064] 依据本发明的显示装置的一种实施方式可参考图 3， 包括显示像素阵列 110， 感 光像素阵列 120和周边电路。 所称周边电路包括显示控制电路 131和感光控制电 路 132。
[0065] 本实施例中， 显示像素阵列 110形成为 OLED显示屏 （例如 AMOLED显示屏） 1 00的有机发光材料层。 显示控制电路 131采用薄膜驱动电路。 该 OLED显示屏还 包括透光保护层 （阴极） 140。 需要说明的是， OLED显示屏可以是顶部发光， 也可以是底部发光， 简明起见， 图 3中以顶部发光为例进行绘制， 其中实线箭头 表示发光的方向， 即与外部观看显示面的方向相对的方向。 若采用底部发光的 0 LED显示屏， 则观看方向与本实施例相反， 不再赘述。
[0066] 感光像素阵列 120可采用光伏板或具有大尺寸的像素的感光芯片。 感光控制电 路 132可按照功能的需要 （供电， 成像或感光输入等） 进行设计。
[0067] 本实施例中， OLED显示屏 （显示像素阵列） 与感光像素阵列彼此上下重叠地 布置。 且沿外部观看显示面的方向， 感光像素阵列布置于显示像素阵列的下方 ， 显示像素阵列至少部分地透光， 使得位于下方的感光像素能够感应到来自外 部的光线， 如图 3中位于上方的虚线箭头所示。 由于感光像素位于显示像素的下 方， 本实施例中， 感光像素感光所覆盖的区域是包含了显示像素发光所覆盖的 区域的。
[0068] 需要说明的是， 感光像素阵列可以是单向感光的， 也可以是双向感光的 （如图 3中位于下方的虚线箭头所示） 。 在双向感光的情况下， 不论感光像素阵列布置 于显示像素阵列的上方还是下方， 显示像素阵列最好都具有一定的透光性， 以 充分发挥感光像素阵列的双向感光能力。
[0069] 在其他实施例中， 沿外部观看显示面的方向， 显示像素阵列也可以布置于感光 像素阵列的下方， 这种情况下， 感光像素阵列至少部分地透光。 由于感光像素 部分透明吋会减弱其感光能力， 因此通常而言， 将感光像素设置在显示像素的 下方是更为优选的。
[0070] 本实施例中， OLED显示屏可以与感光器件 （包括感光像素阵列以及感光控制 电路） 分别独立制作， 并在组装吋按照设计重叠在一起， 基于成熟的现有工艺 ， 这是一种实现本发明复合显示装置的快速而便捷的方法。
[0071] 优选地， 在其他实施方式中， 可以将显示像素阵列的显示控制电路形成于一至 少部分地透光的半导体基层， 而将感光像素阵列也形成于同一半导体基层。 例 如， 显示控制电路可以与感光像素阵列分别形成于该半导体基层的顶面和底面 。 又如， 显示控制电路可以与感光像素阵列至少部分地形成于该半导体基层的 同一面。 以此， 可实现更加集成化的复合显示装置。
[0072] 实施例 2
[0073] 依据本发明的显示装置的另一种实施方式可参考图 4， 包括显示像素阵列 210， 感光像素阵列 220和周边电路 （未图示） 。 简明起见， 图 4中仅以单个像素来代 表像素阵列。
[0074] 本实施例与实施例 1类似的是， 显示像素阵列与感光像素阵列同样以上下重叠 的方式进行布置， 但区别之处在于， 两种像素阵列集成于同一半导体基层。 具 体而言， 显示像素阵列形成于一至少部分地透光的半导体基层， 而感光像素阵 列也形成于该半导体基层。 这种情况下， 显示像素阵列通常可采用 LED阵列。 可 根据设计的需要选择所使用的半导体基层的类型， 例如， 可以是 P型的， 也可以 是 N型的。
[0075] 如图 4(a)所示， 显示像素阵列 210与感光像素阵列 220可分别形成于半导体基层 的顶面和底面。
[0076] 或者， 如图 4(b)所示， 显示像素阵列 210与感光像素阵列 220可分别形成于半导 体基层的不同深度。
[0077] 当然， 以上两种布置方式也可结合起来使用， 如图 4(c)所示， 显示像素 210形成 于半导体基层的顶面， 部分感光像素 220'也形成于半导体基层的顶面但与显示像 素位于不同的深度， 而部分感光像素 220"则形成于半导体基层的底面。
[0078] 需要说明的是， 图 4中示出的是通过在基层中惨杂来形成 LED像素以及感光像 素的情形， 然而本领域技术人员熟知， LED像素还可通过在基层上叠置金属电极 来实现， 这种情况下， LED像素是突出在基层之上而不是形成于基层之内的， 不 过两种像素之间的相对位置关系仍然可以由图 4来表示， 例如， 可以将 210看作 设置金属电极的位置。 因此， 本文附图仅为示意图， 所画出的像素之间的布置 关系仅用于表示像素之间的相对位置关系， 而并不是对像素形成方式的限定， 以下不再赘述。
[0079] 实施例 3
[0080] 依据本发明的显示装置的另一种实施方式可参考图 5， 包括显示像素阵列 310， 感光像素阵列 320和周边电路 （未图示） 。 显示装置顶部还设置有透光保护层 34 0。
[0081] 本实施例与实施例 2类似的是， 显示像素阵列与感光像素阵列集成于同一半导 体基层， 但区别之处在于， 显示像素与感光像素彼此交错地共同形成于半导体 基层的同一面。 本实施例中， 显示像素阵列通常可采用 LED阵列。 图 5中， 实线 箭头表示 LED阵列发光的方向， 虚线箭头表示感光像素阵列感光的方向， 与实施 例 1中的描述类似地， 感光像素阵列可以是单向感光的 （如图 5上方的虚线箭头 所示） ， 也可以是双向感光的 （如图 5中的两个虚线箭头所示） 。
[0082] 两种像素的交错分布方式具体可参考图 6， 简明起见， 图 6中仅以单个像素来代 表像素阵列。 如图 6(a)所示， 显示像素阵列 310与感光像素阵列 320可以仅在半导 体基层的同一面交错分布。 作为另一种可选的实施方式， 实施例 2与实施例 3的 像素布置方式也可结合起来使用， 如图 6(b)所示， 显示像素 310与部分感光像素 3 20'交错形成于半导体基层的顶面， 而部分感光像素 320"则形成于半导体基层的 底面， 从而与显示像素 310重叠。 对于采用金属电极的 LED, 可以将 310看作设置 金属电极的位置。
[0083] 在依据本发明的各种实施例中， 显示像素阵列与感光像素阵列中的像素的特性 ， 包括大小、 排列规则、 工作光谱范围等， 均可分别独立设置。 具体而言， 无 论两种阵列是分别独立制作的， 还是集成为一体的； 也无论两种阵列中的像素 是上下重叠布置的， 还是左右交错布置的， 或者是采用混合方式布置的， 这两 种阵列可具有相同或不同的像素大小， 也可具有相同或不同的像素排列规则， 还可工作于相同或部分相同或完全不同的光谱范围。
[0084] 可以根据预期的使用场景、 结构设计、 功能需求等确定两种阵列中的像素的优 选特性。 例如， 显示像素阵列中的像素可按照显示装置所需要的显示功能进行 设计， 通常具有较小的尺寸 （例如微米级的大小） ， 工作于可见光光谱范围， 且每个像素只显示一种色彩 （例如红、 绿、 蓝之一） 。 又如， 感光像素阵列若 用于供电或输入， 可具有较大的像素尺寸 （例如毫米级以上的大小） ， 若用于 成像， 可具有较小的像素尺寸， 一般不需要区分色彩， 即便用于输入指纹、 掌 纹等， 单色成像已可满足需要。 当然， 在特殊的用途设计中， 也可将感光像素 阵列设计为彩色的。
[0085] 作为一种优选的实施方式， 当感光像素与显示像素重叠布置吋， 感光像素可工 作于与显示像素部分不同或完全不同 （正交） 的光谱范围。 例如， 在图 4(a)-(c) 所示的情况下， 当感光像素重叠布置于显示像素下方吋， 位于基层顶面的显示 像素可工作于可见光范围， 位于基层顶面的感光像素可同样工作于可见光范围 ， 而位于基层底面的感光像素则可工作于红外光范围， 由于红外光的穿透深度 比较深， 这样的设计方式能够充分地利用光能。 这也使得感光像素即使在室内 光线较弱的情况下也能提供电能。
[0086] 此外， 在显示像素阵列与感光像素阵列集成在一起的情况下， 例如， 实施例 2 和实施例 3所描述的情况， 由于两种阵列布置于同一半导体基层， 且两个阵列的 行寻址、 列寻址的读写方法是基本类似的， 因此显示控制电路和感光控制电路 可以至少部分地共享电子线路， 例如可共享地址选择和控制电路等。
[0087] 参见图 7， 其中， 图 7(a)是通常的感光器件的主动像素读取电路 （Active Pixel Reading
Circuit) 示意图， 图 7(b)是通常的感光器件的被动像素读取电路 （Passive Pixel Reading Circuit) 示意图， 图 7(c)是通常的采用主动矩阵 （Active Matrix) 的显示 器件 （例如， OLED/AMOLED , 或者 LED) 的写控制电路 （像素层级） 示意图
。 简明起见， 图 7中仅示出了行选择线路 RowS而省略了列选择线路。 可以看出， 对于感光器件而言， 主动和被动的差别主要在于是否采用了像素级别的信号放 大电路。 根据之前的分析可知， 对于本发明而言， 用于感光像素阵列的信号放 大电路是可以省去的。 而从寻址方式上看， 显示器件的写寻址方式与感光器件 的读寻址方式是非常相似的， 因此可以将之融合， 以使得显示控制电路和感光 控制电路可以至少部分地共享电子线路。 [0088] 图 8示出了图 7(b)与图 7(c)结合在一起的一种实现方式。 其中， 显示像素 410可 以是发光二极管 （LED) ； 感光像素 420可以是感光二极管或感光门； 行选择信 号线 451被两种像素共享； 输入信号线 452/输出信号线 453也被共享， 当用于显示 吋为输入信号线， 当用于感光吋为输出信号线； 控制线 454也被共享， 当用于显 示吋是发光二极管的驱动电容的控制线， 当用于感光吋是感光二极管的复位控 制线； 感光二极管的阴极电压供应线 455通常接地或与其它感光二极管的阳极串 联 （以便于充电） ； 信号放大器 456既可以省略也可以保留， 因此以虚线框示出
[0089] 当显示控制电路和感光控制电路采用例如图 8所示的共享方式吋， 感光像素和 显示像素是异吋工作的， 换言之， 显示功能与感光功能不能同吋使用。 当对显 示像素 410进行驱动吋， 输入信号线 452上输入电压； 而当感光像素 420被读取吋 ， 输出信号线 453上输出其感应的信号。
[0090] 需要说明的是， 图 8只是对显示器件与感光器件共享控制电路的一种原理性说 明。 在不同的应用情况下， 根据不同的显示器件、 不同的感光器件， 可以有各 种不同的控制电路的共享实现方法， 不过基本而言， 一般是对行选择线路、 列 选择线路以及部分元件和控制线的分吋共用。
[0091] 此外， 本发明还提供几种新的显示像素的排列规则。 通常， 阵列式显示器件中 的像素一般采用水平排列的方式或三角排列的方式， 例如三星©在其 Super AMOLED显示屏中使用的 GIR/B排列， 其中 R/B表示 R位于 B的上方。
[0092] 本发明中提出以下新的排列方式：
[0093] 一、 蜂窝图案
[0094] 参考图 9， 其中图 9(a)和 (b)分别示出了 R、 G、 B像素的两种蜂窝图案排列方式
。 在蜂窝排列中， 三种颜色的比例是相同的。
[0095] 二、 广义贝叶 （Bayer) 图案
[0096] 参考图 10， 广义贝叶图案是指一种基色的数量是另外两种基色的数量之和的矩 阵式排列图案。 这种排列方式曾用于感光器件的像素排列， 也有将贝叶图案用 于显示像素的排列， 并通过非均匀的像素面积来实现色彩的平衡。 例如， 对于 类似于图 10(a)的色彩排列方式， 目前采用的做法是将 G像素的面积减小为 R或 B 像素的面积的一半。 而本发明则是通过调整不同色彩的强度来实现色彩的平衡
[0097] 参考图 10(a), 是一种类似于经典的贝叶图案的排列方式， G像素的数量是 R与 B 像素之和， 两个 G像素在一个对角线上， R和 B像素在另一个对角线上。 与感光 器件中的排列不同的是， 数量加倍的像素的强度需要降低为原来的一半， 因此 图 10(a)中显示为 G/2。
[0098] 图 10(b)则示出了另一种可能的排列情况， 其中 R像素的数量是 G和 B像素之和， 不过与图 10(a)不同的是， R像素的强度并未降低为原来的一半， 而是将 G和 B像 素的强度提高为原来的两倍。
[0099] 图 10(c)则示出另一种更一般的情况， 其中 B像素的数量是 R和 G像素之和， 且 B 像素的强度变化为原来的 k倍， 贝 IjR和 G像素的强度相应变化为原来的 2k倍， 其中 k为任意正实数。
[0100] 图 10只是对广义贝叶图案进行了少量举例， 依据其原理， 还可产生出更多的其 他排列图案， 不再赘述。
[0101]
[0102] 以上应用具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述， 应该理解， 以上实 施方式只是用于帮助理解本发明， 而不应理解为对本发明的限制。 对于本领域 的一般技术人员， 依据本发明的思想， 可以对上述具体实施方式进行变化。 技术问题
问题的解决方案
发明的有益效果

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种复合显示装置， 其特征在于， 包括，
显示像素阵列， 由多个显示像素组成，
感光像素阵列， 由多个感光像素组成，
周边电路， 包括显示控制电路和感光控制电路， 显示控制电路用于驱 动所述显示像素发光， 感光控制电路用于读取所述感光像素感应的电 荷或电压，
其中， 沿垂直于所述显示装置的显示面的方向， 至少部分显示像素和 感光像素彼此上下重叠地布置， 或者， 彼此左右交错地布置； 且所述 显示像素发光所覆盖的区域与所述感光像素感光所覆盖的区域， 至少 部分地重合。
[权利要求 2] 如权利要求 1所述的显示装置， 其特征在于，
所述显示像素阵列与所述感光像素阵列彼此上下重叠地布置； 沿外部观看所述显示面的方向， 所述感光像素阵列布置于所述显示像 素阵列的下方， 所述显示像素阵列至少部分地透光， 或者， 沿外部观看所述显示面的方向， 所述显示像素阵列布置于所述感光像 素阵列的下方， 所述感光像素阵列至少部分地透光。
[权利要求 3] 如权利要求 2所述的显示装置， 其特征在于，
所述显示控制电路形成于一至少部分地透光的半导体基层； 所述感光像素阵列也形成于所述半导体基层；
所述显示控制电路与所述感光像素阵列分别形成于所述半导体基层的 顶面和底面； 或者，
所述显示控制电路与所述感光像素阵列至少部分地形成于所述半导体 基层的同一面。
[权利要求 4] 如权利要求 1所述的显示装置， 其特征在于，
所述显示像素阵列形成于一至少部分地透光的半导体基层； 所述感光像素阵列也形成于所述半导体基层；
所述显示像素阵列与所述感光像素阵列分别形成于所述半导体基层的 顶面和底面； 或者，
所述显示像素阵列与所述感光像素阵列至少部分地分别形成于所述半 导体基层的不同深度； 或者，
所述显示像素与所述感光像素彼此交错地共同形成于所述半导体基层 的同一面。
如权利要求 4所述的显示装置， 其特征在于，
所述显示控制电路和感光控制电路至少部分地共享电子线路。
如权利要求 1至 5任意一项所述的显示装置， 其特征在于，
每个所述感光像素形成为光伏元件， 所述感光控制电路读取的所述感 光像素感应的电荷或电压用于作为电能储存或使用； 或者， 每个所述感光像素形成为成像元件， 所述感光控制电路读取的所述感 光像素感应的电荷或电压用于成像； 或者，
一个或多个所述感光像素形成为一个输入元件， 所述感光控制电路还 用于重置各个输入元件所对应的感光像素， 根据重置后读取的与各个 输入元件所对应的感光像素感应的电荷或电压， 输出表示相应的输入 元件被遮挡或不被遮挡的键信号。
如权利要求 6所述的显示装置， 其特征在于，
所述输入元件有多个，
至少部分输入元件按照设定的规则进行排布， 以形成为键盘， 或者， 至少部分输入元件排布为密集的二维阵列， 以形成为滑动输入板。 如权利要求 7所述的显示装置， 其特征在于，
用于表示出所述输入元件的物理边界的图案由所述显示像素阵列进行 显示。
如权利要求 1至 8任意一项所述的显示装置， 其特征在于，
还包括触摸板， 所述触摸板是透明的， 覆盖于所述显示装置的表面， 用于响应于用户的触摸操作产生输入信号。
如权利要求 1至 8任意一项所述的显示装置， 其特征在于， 包括如下特 征中的至少一种： 所述显示像素阵列与所述感光像素阵列具有相同或不同的像素大小； 所述显示像素阵列与所述感光像素阵列具有相同或不同的像素排列规 贝 1J ;
所述显示像素阵列与所述感光像素阵列工作于相同或部分相同或完全 不同的光谱范围。
[权利要求 11] 如权利要求 1至 8任意一项所述的显示装置， 其特征在于，
所述显示像素阵列所采用的像素排列规则为蜂窝排列或者广义贝叶图 案排列； 当采用广义贝叶图案排列吋， 数量加倍的那种颜色的像素的 强度为原本值的 k倍， 其他两种颜色的像素的强度为原本值的 2k倍， 所称原本值是指与需要显示的显示信号对应的强度值， 其中 k为任意 正实数。
PCT/CN2016/076354 2016-03-15 2016-03-15 复合显示装置 WO2017156702A1 (zh)

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Citations (6)

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CN101751188A (zh) * 2010-01-27 2010-06-23 汕头超声显示器（二厂）有限公司 内置感应的显示装置
US20110156996A1 (en) * 2008-09-05 2011-06-30 Konica Minolta Holdings, Inc. Image input/output device
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CN101471034A (zh) * 2001-10-31 2009-07-01 剑桥显示技术公司 光图形检测器及其操作方法、以及触摸检测显示器
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