WO2017155878A1 - Alternative device and methods for application of 1-methylcyclopropene to fruit - Google Patents
Alternative device and methods for application of 1-methylcyclopropene to fruit Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017155878A1 WO2017155878A1 PCT/US2017/020937 US2017020937W WO2017155878A1 WO 2017155878 A1 WO2017155878 A1 WO 2017155878A1 US 2017020937 W US2017020937 W US 2017020937W WO 2017155878 A1 WO2017155878 A1 WO 2017155878A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fruit
- treatment
- mcp
- plants
- bin
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N27/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing hydrocarbons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
- B05B1/14—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening
- B05B1/20—Arrangements of several outlets along elongated bodies, e.g. perforated pipes or troughs, e.g. spray booms; Outlet elements therefor
- B05B1/205—Arrangements of several outlets along elongated bodies, e.g. perforated pipes or troughs, e.g. spray booms; Outlet elements therefor characterised by the longitudinal shape of the elongated body
- B05B1/207—Arrangements of several outlets along elongated bodies, e.g. perforated pipes or troughs, e.g. spray booms; Outlet elements therefor characterised by the longitudinal shape of the elongated body the elongated body being a closed loop
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B9/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour
- B05B9/01—Spray pistols, discharge devices
Definitions
- the present application relates to a device and methods for administering 1- methylcyclopropene compound to control or inhibit the ripening of fruit crops.
- Cyclopropene is an organic compound that is known to have inhibitory effects on the ripening process of plants and crops, such as fruit crops.
- the cyclopropene derivative, 1 -Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is used commercially by the food industry to slow the ripening of fruits and vegetables due to exposure to ethylene.
- Ethylene is a gas that is known to stimulate or regulate plants processes, including the ripening of fruits.
- 1-MCP binds to the ethylene receptor and blocks ethylene from initiating and/or speeding the ripening process in fruits, and thus delays or prevents the natural ripening process.
- Fruit treatments of 1-MCP have been reported to be in many forms, such as a gas or liquid composition that may be applied to fruits by various applications techniques, including spraying, dipping, drenching, vaporizing, and/or misting.
- a recycled 1-MCP treatment may promote the spread of any inoculum that has infected the treatment formulation.
- a 1-MCP dipping, drenching, or spraying treatment infected with a disease inoculum may spread the infection to all fruit treated with the same 1-MCP treatment formulation.
- a disease inoculum e.g., Botrytis or Pencillium spp.
- fruit application times for typical ripening inhibitor treatment may range from several hours to a couple of days (e.g., from about 2 hours to about 24 hours).
- a minimum volume of fruit is required at the beginning and end of harvest in order to cost effectively apply a ripening inhibitor treatment, such as 1-MCP.
- a ripening inhibitor treatment such as 1-MCP.
- 1-MCP treatment applications might be delayed until the amount of post-harvest fruit reaches critical mass in order to efficiently and economically treat fruits.
- the present disclosure describes a device and methods of treating small quantities of horticultural plants and crops with compositions of 1-MCP. More specifically, the present disclosure provides a device and methods for treating post-harvest fruit crops with a liquid composition of 1-MCP in order to protect them from premature ripening prior to storage or transport.
- the present disclosure demonstrates that a quick post-harvest liquid treatment application of a ripening inhibitor, such as 1-MCP, overcomes the time delay of treatment that typically occurs between harvest and treatment, the spread of infection to fruit, and also reduces the number or amount of fruit that is required to make application of the 1-MCP treatment economically feasible.
- the present disclosure is directed to a device and methods that do not require a confined space to treat the plant or fruit crops with a ripening inhibitor agent.
- the device and methods described herein provide new treatment options and application systems for small growers and producers to preserve the freshness of post-harvest plants and crops by delaying premature ripening. Furthermore, the device and methods of the present disclosure advantageously protect plants and crops that are not conducive to being treated in the field pre-harvest, waiting for the time required to transport fruit from the field to a confined space, and/or being stored in confined spaces.
- the present disclosure provides a method of treating plants or plant parts with a ripening inhibitor agent.
- the method comprises placing the plants or plant parts in a bin, and
- the method provides for delaying the ripening of plants or plant parts.
- the plants or plant parts may comprise fruit.
- fruit of the present method may comprise apples or pears.
- the 1-MCP compound treatment of the present method may be administered to the bin of plants or plant parts as a liquid or using a wand device.
- the wand device of the present disclosure comprises a sprayer, a shaft, and a hose.
- the shape of the sprayer of the wand device may be circular or straight.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic of a wand device of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an image of an operator using the wand device of the present disclosure to treat apples.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the firmness of pears treated with a 1-MCP composition of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the ethylene content of pears treated with a 1-MCP composition of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the color of pears treated with a 1-MCP composition of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the firmness of apples treated with a 1-MCP composition of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the ethylene content of apples treated with a 1-MCP composition of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 8 is an image of an operator using a C0 2 backpack to treat apples.
- FIG. 9 is an image of an operator using a BinBong device to treat apples.
- FIG. 10 is an image of an operator using a sprayer to treat apples.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the firmness of melons treated with a 1-MCP composition of the present disclosure and stored for 15 days or more.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the firmness of melons treated with a 1-MCP composition of the present disclosure and stored for 9 days or more.
- ripening inhibitor treatment comprising:
- a ripening inhibitor treatment comprising a
- compound is 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) or an analog or derivative thereof.
- the carrier comprises a liquid, a gas, an oil, a solution, a solvent, a solid, a diluent, an encapsulating material, or a chemical.
- treatment further comprises a component selected from the group consisting of an adjuvant, a surfactant, an excipient, a dispersant, and an emulsifier.
- surfactant is about 0.001 g/bin in a gas ripening inhibitor treatment.
- the adjuvant, the surfactant, the excipient, the dispersant, and the emulsifier is about 2 g/bin in a liquid ripening inhibitor treatment.
- material selected from the group consisting of plastic, glass, and wood.
- a wagon from the group consisting of a wagon, a transport truck cargo area, a cold-storage room, a marine container, an air container, a train car, a local vehicle, a transport truck, a trailer, a box, a pallet-wrap, a greenhouse, and a grain silo.
- compound comprises about 25 g to about 50 g of AFxRD-038.
- the ripening inhibitor treatment is administered at a rate of about 100 gal/acres to about 500 gal/acre of plants or plant parts.
- between harvest of the plant and plant parts to treatment of the plant and plant parts comprises transport of the plant or plant parts from a field to a confined space.
- ripening inhibitor treatment does not require a confined space.
- administering the ripening inhibitor treatment to the bin of plants or plant parts comprises release of the cyclopropene compound from a sachet, a synthetic film, a natural film, a liner, a gas-releasing generator, a compressed cylinder, a non-compressed gas cylinder, or a droplet inside a box.
- one or more sprayers located at the proximal end of the wand device
- one or more hoses located at the distal end of the wand device
- a shaft that connects the one or more sprayers to the one or more hoses, and the ripening inhibitor treatment.
- the sprayer has a length between about 2 feet to about 10 feet.
- the wand devi f l 54 h i the components of the ripening inhibitor treatment flow from the one or more tanks through the one or more hoses and into the shaft.
- components of the ripening inhibitor treatment are combined in the shaft to form the ripening inhibitor treatment.
- the one or more tanks comprising the pressurized water source further comprise a pump.
- plants or plant parts is placed under or through the wand device for treatment.
- the bin has a temperature and an atmosphere to which plants and plant parts are exposed during the treatment time period
- a ripening inhibitor treatment comprising 1-MCP to the plants or plant parts in the bin during the treatment time period.
- a time period selected from the group consisting of a first time period, a second time period, a third time period, a fourth time period, a fifth time period, or any combination thereof.
- parts are dried in the bin, in a confined space, or outside.
- plants and plant parts are d d ri h fif h riod. 86. The method of any one of clauses 66 or clauses 82 to 85, wherein the plants and plant parts are assessed after expiration of the fifth period.
- the bin is a controlled atmosphere.
- the bin is a regular atmosphere.
- regular atmosphere of the bin comprises a temperature of 4°C.
- the bin comprises about 20% 0 2 , about 78% N 2 , and about 1% C0 2 .
- plant(s) and “plant parts” include, but not limited to, whole plants, plant cells, and plant tissues, such as leaves, calli, stems, pods, roots, fruits, flowers, pollen, and seeds.
- a class of plants that may be used in the present invention is generally as broad as the class of higher and lower plants including, but not limited to, dicotyledonous plants,
- Agronomic crops include, but are not limited to, horticultural crops.
- Horiticultural crops include, but are not limited to, vegetable crops, fruit crops, edible nuts, flowers and ornamental crops, nursery crops, aromatic crops, and medicinal crops.
- horticultural crops of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, fruit selected from, but not limited to, almond, apple, avocado, banana, berries (including strawberry, blueberry, raspberry, blackberry, currents and other types of berries), carambola, cherry, citrus (including orange, lemon, lime, mandarin, grapefruit, and other citrus), coconut, fig, grape, guava, kiwifruit, mango, nectarine, melons (including cantaloupe, muskmelon, watermelon, honeydew, and other melons), olive, papaya, passionfruit, peach, pear, persimmon, pineapple, plum, and pomegranate.
- fruit selected from, but not limited to, almond, apple, avocado, banana, berries (including strawberry, blueberry, raspberry, blackberry, currents and other types of berries), carambola, cherry, citrus (including orange, lemon, lime, mandarin, grapefruit, and other citrus), coconut, fig, grape, guava, kiwifruit,
- fruits e.g., grapes, apples, pears, persimmons, and bananas
- berries e.g., strawberries, blackberries, blueberries, and raspberries
- any variety or cultivar of berries or fruits may be used in the present invention
- plant material or “plant part” include, but are not limited to, leaves, calli, stems, roots, flowers or flower parts, fruits, pollen, egg cells, zygotes, seeds, cuttings, cell or tissue cultures, or any other part or product of a plant.
- plant material or plant part includes cotyledon and leaf.
- plant material or plant part includes root tissues and other plant tissues located underground. COMPOUNDS AND COMPONENTS OF THE PRESENT METHODS
- the methods of the present disclosure are directed to using cyclopropene compounds to treat horticultural plants and crops, such as fruit crops.
- the methods of the present disclosure to treat plant or plant parts comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1- MCP) compounds.
- Exemplary embodiments of the compounds of the present disclosure comprise 1- Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), which may encompass diastereomers and enantiomers of the illustrative compounds.
- Enantiomers are defined as one of a pair of molecular entities which are mirror images of each other and non-superimposable.
- Diastereomers or diastereoisomers are defined as stereoisomers other than enantiomers.
- Diastereomers or diastereoisomers are stereoisomers not related as mirror images. Diastereoisomers are characterized by differences in physical properties.
- One exemplary embodiment of a 1-MCP com ound of the present method is:
- 1-MCP may be used individually or as a mixture or combination with another compound or carrier.
- the 1-MCP compound may also be used in combination with a carrier to form a 1- MCP treatment.
- the 1-MCP active ingredient in the treatment of the present disclosure comprises, consists of, or consists essentially of about 0.5% to about 50% active ingredient in the product.
- the 1-MCP treatment provides protection to plants or crops from premature ripening when the treatment is administered, applied, or exposed to the plant or crops.
- 1-MCP may be used in any form, including, but not limited to, a liquid, a solid (e.g., a powder), or a gaseous composition.
- the present method provides application of a 1-MCP compound as a spray, a mist, a gel, a thermal and non-thermal fog, a dip or a drench, or via sublimation, a vapor, or a gas.
- a C0 2 backpack may be used to spray the 1-MCP treatment onto the plants or fruit crops.
- 1- MCP treatment administration include, but are not limited to, release from a sachet, a synthetic or natural film, a liner or other packaging materials, a gas-releasing generator, compressed or non-compressed gas cylinder, a droplet inside a box, or other similar methods.
- Carriers of the present disclosure are materials or compositions involved in carrying or transporting an active ingredient, compound, analog, or derivative from one location to another location. Carriers may be combined with active 1-MCP compounds to form a 1-MCP treatment.
- Treatment carriers of the present disclosure may comprise liquids, gases, oils, solutions, solvents, solids, diluents, encapsulating materials, or chemicals.
- a liquid carrier of the present disclosure may comprise water, buffer, saline solution, a solvent, etc.
- other components may be comprised in the treatment of the present disclosure including, but not limited to adjuvants, surfactants, excipients, dispersants, emulsifiers, etc. Such other components may be comprised in the 1-MCP treatment in the range of about 0.001 grams/bin of SmartFresh post-harvest gas treatment to about 2.0 grams/bin of Harvista pre-harvest liquid treatment.
- the active 1-MCP compounds of the present disclosure may be applied to plants or crops, such as fruit crops in a volume of a chamber or bin.
- a chamber or bin of the present disclosure may be any container and may be sealable or non-sealable.
- the chamber or bin of the present disclosure may be made of any material to hold fruit.
- a chamber or bin may be made of plastic, wood, glass, or any other semipermeable or impermeable material.
- An exemplary bin or chamber of the present disclosure includes, but is not limited to, a wagon, a transport truck cargo area, a cold-storage room, a marine container, an air container, a train car or local vehicle, a transport truck or trailer, a box, a pallet-wrap, a greenhouse, a grain silo, or similar.
- the bin or chamber may be of any size that is large enough to hold plants or crops to be treated.
- an exemplary chamber or bin may have a volume or capacity of about 50 to about 2000 pounds (lbs.), from about 150 lbs. to about 1750 lbs., from about 300 lbs. to about 1500 lbs., from about 500 lbs. to about 1250 lbs., from about 750 lbs. to about 1100 lbs., from about 800 lbs. to about 1000 lbs., from about 850 lbs. to about 1000 lbs., and at about 900 lbs. or about 950 lbs.
- Liquid treatments may comprise commercially available 1-MCP products.
- an exemplary commercially available 1-MCP product is AFxRD-038, which has 3.8% active ingredient.
- exemplary liquid 1-MCP treatments about 25 grams (g) to about 50 g of
- AFxRD-038 may be used.
- Other 1-MCP products such as AFx701w or AFx701, may also be used in the present disclosure.
- two or more 1-MCP products may be combined to prepare yet a further embodiment of the 1-MCP treatment described herein.
- a 1- MCP treatment comprising a combination of AFxRD-038, AFx701w, and/or AFx701 may be used in the treatment of the present disclosure.
- Liquid treatment of the present disclosure may comprise from about 25 g to about 45 g, from about 25 g to about 42 g, from about 25 g to about 41 g, from about 26 g to about 40 g, from about 27 g to about 39 g, from about 28 g to about 38 g, from about 29 g to about 37 g, from about 30 g to about 36 f b t 31 t bout 36 g, and at about 30 g, 31 g, 32 g, 33 g, 34 g, 35 g, or 36 g of AFxRD-038 product.
- Liquid treatments of AFx701 may also range from 10 g to 80 g of formulation, which represents about 0.13 g to about 1.04 g of active 1- MCP ingredient per 0.85 m (cubic meters) of fruit.
- the liquid AFx701 treatment may comprise from about 10 g to about 75 g, from about 15 g to about 70 g, from about 20 g to about 65 g, from about 25 g to about 60 g, from about 30 g to about 55 g, from about 35 g to about 50 g, and from about 40 g to about 45 g, and at about 10 g, 15 g, 20 g, 30 g, 40 g, 50 g, 60 g, 70 g, and 80 g of AFx701 product.
- the liquid treatment formulation of the present disclosure may comprise about 0.10 g to about 1.05 g, from about 0.15 g to about 1.0 g, from about 0.20 g to about 0.95 g, from about 0.25 g to about .90 g, from about 0.30 to about 0.80 g, from about 0.35 g to about 0.75 g, from about 0.4 g to about 0.7 g, from about 0.45 g to about 0.65 g, from about 0.50 to about 0.60 g, and at about 0.10 g, 0.13 g, 0.15 g, 0.20 g, 0.25 g, 0.30 g, 0.35 g, 0.40 g, 0.45 g, 0.50 g, 0.55 g, 0.60 g, 0.65 g, 0.70 g, 0.75 g, 0.80 g, 0.85 g, 0.90 g, 0.95 g, 1.0 g, and 1.04 g, and 1.05 g of 1-MCP active ingredient.
- Liquid 1-MCP treatments may be applied to the plants or crops at a rate that is reported as the volume (gallons or gal) of active ingredient (i.e., 1-MCP compound) per chamber or bin.
- the rate that the 1-MCP treatment of the present disclosure may be effectively applied to plants or fruits may range from about 0.1 gal to about 10 gal per bin of fruit.
- the rate of the total volume of 1-MCP in a liquid treatment may range from about 0.1 gal to about 9 gal, from about 0.1 gal to about 8 gal, from about 0.1 gal to about 7 gal, from about 0.1 gal to about 6 gal, from about 0.1 gal to about 5 gal, from about 0.1 gal to about 4 gal, from about 0.1 gal to about 3 gal, from about 0.1 gal to about 2 gal, from about 0.1 gal to about 1 gal, from about 0.3 gal to about 8 gal, from about 0.1 gal to about 0.4 gal, from about 0.25 gal to about 10 gal, from about 0.25 gal to about 8 gal, from about 0.25 gal to about 6 gal, from about 0.25 gal to about 4 gal, from about 0.25 gal to about 3 gal, from about 0.5 gal to about 3 gal, from about 0.5 gal to about 2 gal, from about 0.5 gal to about 1 gal, from about 0.5 gal to about 4 gal, from about 0.5 gal to about 5 gal, and at about 0.5 gal, about 1 gal, about 2 gal, about 3 gal, about 4 gal, about 5
- bins of fruit about 10 L or less, about 8 L or less, about 6 L or less, about 5 L of less, about 4 L or less, about 3 L or less, about 2 L or less, and about 1 L or less of 1-MCP treatment per bin of fruit may be used.
- the AFx701 formulation of 1-MCP may be applied to fruit via an injection, which requires only a small volume of the treatment formulation.
- about 5 ml to about 75 mis of liquid AFx701 formulation may be diluted with about 1 liter to about 4 liters of water.
- More specifically b t 10 i t b t 70 mis, from about 15 mis to about 65 mis, from about 20 mis to about 60 mis, from about 25 mis to about 55 mis, from about 30 mis to about 50 mis, from about 35 mis to about 45 mis of AFx701 formulation may be mixed with about 1.5 liters to about 3.5 liters, from about 2 liters to about 3 liters and at about 2.5 liters of water to make the treatment formulation of the present disclosure.
- a rate of about 100 gal to about 500 gals of 1-MCP treatment may be applied per acre of fruit crops.
- about 100 gal to about 400 gal, from about 200 gal to about 350 gal, from about 250 gal to about 300 gal, from about 300 gal to about 400 gal, and at about 100 gal, 200 gal, 300 gal, 400 gal, and about 500 gal of 1-MCP treatment per acre of fruit crops may be used in the present disclosure.
- plants and plant parts such as agronomic crops or horticultural crops, may be treated using the present method.
- plants and agricultural crops in any production cycle may be used in the method of the present application. For example, plants and crops in greenhouse production, post-harvest during field packing, palletization, in-box, during storage, and throughout the distribution network.
- compositions and methods of the present disclosure provide no opportunity to spread infection from diseased and/or infected fruit to non-diseased and/or uninfected fruit via the treatment process.
- the compounds and methods of the present exposure are advantageous to prevent or reduce disease spread in fruit crops, which is particularly beneficial to small growers who cannot economically afford to lose crops due to disease infection.
- the present method is more economically feasible to small growers.
- the present disclosure provides methods for treating post-harvest fruit crops with a liquid composition of 1-MCP in order to protect the plants or fruit crops from premature ripening prior to storage or transport.
- the reduced amount of plants or crops to be treated makes the present method economically feasible to small farmers, growers, and producers.
- a quick post-harvest liquid treatment application of a ripening inhibitor such as 1-MCP
- a ripening inhibitor such as 1-MCP
- timing of the ripening inhibitor treatment via the present method overcomes any degradation or detriment to the plant or fruit crops that occurs in the time period between harvest and treatment of the plant or fruit crops where the plant or fruit crops are not treated with a ripening inhibitor treatment.
- plant or fruit crops that are treated ith th i i i hibit treatment of the present method experience inhibited ripening, minimal detriment, and have reduced degradation as compared to plants or fruit crops that are not treated with the pending method.
- the present disclosure is directed to a wand device (14) for inhibiting the ripening process of plants and crops, particularly fruit crops.
- 1-MCP treatments may be administered to fruit crops using a wand device (14) to aid uniform application of a ripening inhibitor treatment or formulation, such as Harvista AFxRD038 or AFx701, to the fruit.
- the wand device (14) specifically controls how uniformly the ripening inhibitor treatment formulation is applied to fruit.
- the wand device (14) may be manually held by an operator to apply the ripening inhibitor treatment to fruit located in a bin or chamber (12).
- the wand device (14) may be connected to a backpack comprising a ripening inhibitor treatment formulation to allow for mobile application of the treatment to fruits in the field or outside.
- the wand device (14) may be held by a piece of stationary equipment or an instrument under which fruit (12) is passed in order to apply the ripening inhibitor treatment to fruit.
- the wand device (14) may be stationarily held by equipment in a warehouse or loading zone for treatment application to fruit (12).
- FIG. 1 demonstrates an illustrative stationary embodiment of the wand device, wherein a bin of fruit (12) is placed under the wand device (14) or a truck comprising fruit (12) may be driven under or through the wand device (14) for uniform ripening inhibitor treatment of the fruit (12).
- the wand device (14) of the present disclosure is comprised of, consists of, or consists essentially of multiple components, including, but not limited to a sprayer (2), a shaft (4), and a hose (6; see FIG. 1).
- the sprayer (2), the shaft (4), and the hose (6) each comprise an internal duct (or open tube; not shown) through which the treatment formulation flows.
- the duct may comprise a diameter ranging from approximately 1 mm to 6 mm, from about 2 mm to about 5 mm, from about 3 mm to about 4 mm, and often about 5mm.
- the sprayer (2) located at the proximal end of the wand device (14), is connected to the shaft (4), which connects to the hose (6) located at the distal end of the wand device (14; see FIG. 1).
- the wand device (14) there may be a plurality (i.e., one or more) of the sprayers (2), the shafts (4), or the hoses (6).
- the sprayer (2) of the wand device (14) may have a shape that is circular (see FIG. 1) or straight (see FIG. 2).
- l th i l er (2) may comprise a diameter that ranges from approximately 6 inches to about 4 feet in diameter, from about 6 inches to about 3 feet, from about 6 inches to about 2 feet, from about 1 foot to about 4 feet, from about 1 foot to about 3 feet, and from about 1 foot to about 2 feet, and at about 6 inches, 1 foot, 2 feet, and 3 feet in diameter.
- the straight sprayer (2) embodiment may have a length of approximately 2 feet to about 10 feet, and is often about 2 feet, about 3 feet, about 4 feet, about 5 feet, about 6 feet, about 7 feet, about 8 feet, about 9 feet, and about 10 feet in length.
- the sprayer (2) also comprises orifices (8) and/or nozzles (8) through which the treatment formulation exits the sprayer (2) and is applied to the fruit (see FIG. 1).
- the orifices (8) and/or nozzles (8) are located around the circumference of a single side of the sprayer (2).
- a sprayer (2) may comprise from about 4 to about 20, from about 6 to about 18, from about 8 to about 15, from about 10 to about 14, and right at about 6, 8, 10, 14, 15, 18, and or 20 orifices (8) or nozzles (8).
- Each orifice (8) or nozzle (8) on the sprayer (2) may range from about 1 cm to about 6 cm, and often ranges from about 1 cm to about 4 cm, from about 2 cm to about 3 cm, and at about 3 cm apart.
- Each orifice (8) or nozzle (8) of the sprayer (2) delivers a certain amount of treatment formulation to the fruit to enable uniform distribution of the treatment formulation to the fruit.
- the shaft (4) connects the sprayer (2) to the hose (6). More specifically, the shaft (4) connects the distal end of the sprayer (2) to the proximal end of the hose (6).
- the shaft (4) may comprise a length ranging from approximately 2 feet, about 3 feet, about 4 feet, about 5 feet, and about 6 feet, in length.
- the hose (6) of the wand device (14) connects the shaft (4) of the wand device (14) to one or more containers (10) or tanks (10) that house the ripening inhibitor formulation or different components of the ripening inhibitor formulation.
- the proximal end of the hose (6) is connected to the distal end of the shaft (4) of the wand device (14) while the distal end of the hose (6) is connected to a single tank (10) comprising a ripening inhibitor treatment formulation, wherein the formulation comprises the active ingredient (i.e., 1-MCP), water, and all other components necessary to form the treatment formulation.
- the distal end of the shaft (4) may be connected to the proximal end of a plurality of hoses (6) wherein the distal end of each hose (6) penetrates one of several different tanks (10).
- Each tank (10) comprises a different component or combination of components of the ripening inhibitor treatment.
- Each treatment component or combination flows from its tank through its respective hose (6) into the shaft (4).
- the treatment components are combined in the shaft (4) f th d d i (14) to form the ripening inhibitor treatment which further flows into the sprayer (2) and is applied to the fruit through the orifices (8) of the sprayer (2).
- Exemplary embodiments of 1-MCP treatment of the present disclosure may be conducted using the hose (6) attached to a pressurized water source (not shown).
- the water may come from a pump attached to a tank (10) or reservoir (10) or from another pressurized water source (not shown).
- water may flow from a tank (10) pressurized with a carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) charge.
- the hose (6) from the water source (not shown) may be interrupted by a fitting or pump (not shown) that facilitates a proportional injection of liquid formulation of active ingredient into the stream of water traveling to the wand device (14). The concentration of formulation in the water stream will be adjusted to achieve the desired efficacy and need for wetting.
- the present disclosure is directed to methods of inhibiting the ripening process of plants and crops, particularly fruit crops.
- 1-MCP treatments may be applied to the plants or crops inside of a bin or a chamber.
- the chamber may be open or closed/sealed during application of the 1-MCP treatment.
- the plants or crops, such as fruit crops are manually or robotically placed in the chamber, and the chamber may optionally be sealed.
- the 1-MCP treatment is then applied to the chamber comprising the plants or crops, such as fruit crops.
- the chamber may comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of different environments or atmospheres in which the plants or fruit crops are exposed.
- a chamber may comprise refrigerated temperatures of about 4°C or lower (e.g., 0°C).
- a chamber may comprise a controlled atmosphere that is flooded with nitrogen (N 2 ) in order to reduce oxygen (0 2 ) levels in the chamber.
- N 2 nitrogen
- the fruit may be exposed to a regular atmosphere, wherein the environment is not controlled.
- a regular atmosphere typically comprises refrigerated temperatures of about 4°C, and an environment that has about 20% oxygen (0 2 ), about 78% nitrogen, and about 1% carbon dioxide (C0 2 ).
- fruit may be exposed to warm room days wherein the fruit are removed from the cool temperatures of the controlled and/or regular atmospheres and brought into spaces at room temperature where fruit may be assessed for quality and ripeness.
- the 1-MCP treatment is applied to the chamber within an an initial time period.
- the plants may be exposed to the 1-MCP treatment in the chamber within the initial time period ranging from about 1 minutes to about 5 days (120 hours), from about 2 minutes to about 4 days, from about 3 minutes to about 3 days, and from about 4 minutes to about 2 days, and from about 5 minute t b t 1 d
- the duration of application of the 1-MCP treatment onto the plants or crops may range from about 3 seconds to about 30 minutes.
- treatment application times range from about 3 seconds to about 1 minute, from about 4 seconds to about 55 seconds, from about 4 seconds to about 50 seconds, from about 4 seconds to about 45 seconds, from about 5 seconds to about 40 seconds, from about 4 seconds to about 35 seconds, from about 4 seconds to about 30 seconds, from about 4 seconds to about 25 seconds, from about 4 seconds to about 20 seconds, from about 4 seconds to about 16 seconds, from about 4 seconds to about 15 seconds, from about 4 seconds to about 10 seconds, from about 4 seconds to about 8 seconds, from about 4 seconds to about 5 seconds, less than 5 seconds, and at about 1 second, 2 seconds, 3 seconds, 4 seconds, 5 seconds, 8 seconds, 10 seconds, 16 seconds, and 50 seconds.
- the temperature of the chamber during the initial time period may remain at room temperature, which ranges from about 20°C to about 25°C. These temperatures may be as high as about 35°C, for example, if fruit is coming from the field.
- the fruit may be dried.
- the fruit may be air dried or dried at room temperature or warmer.
- the fruit may be dried inside the chamber, in a confined space, or outside.
- the fruit may then be stored for a secondary time period.
- the fruit may be stored for the secondary time period ranging from about 12 hours to about 5 days (120 hours), from about 1 day to about 4 days, and from about 2 days to about 3 days.
- the temperature of fruit storage during the secondary time period may be at room temperature or warmer.
- the treated fruit may be moved and/or stored for a third time period.
- the fruit may be stored for the third time period ranging from about 12 hours to about 90 days, from about 1 day to about 85 days, from about 2 days to about 75 days, from about 7 days to about 60 days, from about 10 days to about 45 days, from about 14 days to about 30 days, from about 21 days to about 30 days, and for about 30 days, 33 days, 45 days, 60 days, or 90 days.
- the cold air temperature of fruit storage during the third time period ranges from about 2°C to about 10°C, from about 2°C to about 8°C, from about 2°C to about 6°C, from about 2°C to about 4°C, and at about 4°C.
- the temperature of the chamber during the third time period may remain at room temperature.
- the treated fruit may be moved and/or stored for a fourth time period.
- the fruit may be stored for the fourth time period ranging from about 12 hours to about 15 days, from about 1 day to about 14 days, from about 2 days to about 13 days, from about 3 d t b t 12 d f om about 4 days to about 11 days, from about 5 days to about 10 days, from about 5 days to about 8 days, 6 days to about 9 days, and for about 5 days, 6 days or 7 days.
- the temperature of the fruit storage during the fourth time period may be at room temperature or warmer, depending on the temperatures associated with the storage operator capabilities.
- each chamber or bin of fruit may be uniformly sampled by removing about 100 to about 400 fruits, and preferably about 250 fruits, from the top of each bin, layer by layer. Each layer of fruits are then stored in a sampling container.
- the sampling containers may be made of plastic, or any other material.
- the fruits in the sampling containers may be stored for a fifth time period.
- the fruit may be stored for the fifth time period ranging from about 12 hours to about 20 days, from about 1 day to about 19 days, from about 2 days to about 18 days, from about 3 days to about 16 days, from about 4 days to about 15 days, from about 5 days to about 15 days, from about 6 days to about 14 days, from about 7 days to about 14 days, and for about 6 days, 7 days, 10 days, and/or 14 days.
- the temperature of the fruit storage during the fifth time period may be at room temperature or warmer.
- inhibition of plant ripening on the stored fruit may be assessed, evaluated, and compared to a control sample where no 1-MCP treatment was administered or different treatment conditions were applied.
- a subset of fruits from each layer of each storage bin may be analyzed for firmness, ethylene content, and/or fruit skin color.
- An illustrative method of the present disclosure comprises a quick liquid treatment of 1- MCP to treat fruit in a pre-harvest and post-harvest setting. Comparative data generated in the present disclosure indicate that the method of the present disclosure required significantly less active 1-MCP ingredient than conventional methods of pre-harvest fruit treatments, and comparable amounts of 1-MCP as used in conventional post-harvest fruit treatments. In fact, the presently disclosed method has been shown to require only 0.20 grams (g) of 1-MCP per bin of fruit as compared to 3.1 g of Harvista AFxRD038 and 0.92 g of Harvista AFx701 used for pre-harvest treatment of a fruit bin, and 0.003 g of SmartFresh 1-MCP treatment used for post- harvest treatment of a fruit bin. The present method may also be applied to small quantities of pre-harvest fruit (e.g., less than 900 lbs. of fruit per bin or less than 250 fruit per layer) in the field.
- pre-harvest fruit e.g., less than 900 lbs
- a CO 2 backpack sprayer was used to apply the different volumes of 1-MCP treatment within an initial time period of a few days (e.g., about 2-3 days).
- the formulation was applied to bins containing a total of approximately 900 lbs of pears.
- Each bin comprised 7-9 layers depending on the size of the pears, with layer 1 being the top layer and layers 7-9 being the bottom layer.
- a control bin having 9 layers of pears was not sprayed with 1-MCP treatment.
- the bins of pears were allowed to air dry outside, and were then stored in regular cold air (i.e., about 4°C) for a second time period of about two days.
- the fruit was then moved to a controlled atmosphere storage having a temperature of 31°F for a third time period of about 45 days.
- the fruit was then placed in a warm room having a temperature of about 68°F for a fourth time period of about six days.
- each individual bin of fruit was sampled in a uniform fashion. Uniform sampling was performed by removing about 250 pears from the top of each bin, layer-by-layer. Each layer of about 250 fruit was stored in plastic bins for further analysis during a fifth time period. Day 6 evaluation occurred on the same day the layers were removed from the bin. Four days later (Day 10), another series of fruit layers were analyzed. Four more days later (Day 14), the last set of fruit from the bins were analyzed.
- FIG. 3 demonstrates that fruit sprayed with 1-MCP in layers 1-9 showed significantly better firmness at warm days 6, 10, and 14 than the control fruit that were not sprayed.
- FIG. 4 demonstrates that fruit sprayed with 1- MCP in layers 1-9 showed significantly lower ethylene concentrations at warm days 6, 10, and 14 than the control fruit that were not sprayed. However, as the number of days increased, the number of significant differences between treated pears and control pears decreased.
- FIG. 5 demonstrates that fruit sprayed with 1-MCP in layers 1-9 on days 6 and
- FIGS. 3-5 and Tables 1-5 demonstrate that the present method using as little as 1 gal of a 1-MCP treatment is effective to control and/or inhibit fruit ripening in pears.
- the layers listed are layers that contained fruit that were not statistically significantly different from control.
- “All” in Table 1 indicates that fruit tested in all layers was statistically significantly different from control, while “none” indicates that no layers were identified that had statistical significance from control.
- Table 2 represents the statistical analysis of all fruit within a bin without taking any account for layers of fruit. Thus, a bin-to-bin comparison of treatment is shown in Table 2. Values within each layer and day of warm room treatment shown in Tables 2-5 are not statistically different from each other at the p ⁇ 0.05 level if followed by the same letter/color.
- Example 2 Liquid 1-MCP Drench Treatment on Apples
- FIGS. 6 and 7 The outcome of thi d hi i t i summarized in FIGS. 6 and 7 and the corresponding statistical data is shown in Tables 6-9. All three treatment concentrations (i.e., 0.5 gal, 1.0 gal, and 2.0 gal) showed differences from the control fruit with respect to firmness and ethylene content. However, FIG. 6 demonstrates that most apples sprayed with 1-MCP showed significantly better firmness at warm day 7 than the control apples that were not sprayed, except for apples in layers 5, 8, and 9. At day 14, most apples sprayed with 1-MCP showed significantly better firmness than the control apples that were not sprayed, except for apples in layers 2, 5, 8, and 10.
- FIG. 7 demonstrates that all apples sprayed with 1-MCP in layers 1-10 showed significantly lower ethylene concentrations at warm day 7 than the control apples that were not sprayed. However, only the 1 gal concentration of 1-MCP treatment had similar effects in all apple layers at day 14.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 and Tables 6-9 demonstrate that the present method using as little as 0.5 gal of a 1-MCP treatment is effective to control and/or inhibit fruit ripening in apples.
- Table 7 represents the statistical analysis of all fruit within a bin without taking any account for layers of fruit. Thus, a bin-to-bin comparison of treatment is shown in Table 7. Values within each layer and day of warm room treatment shown in Tables 7-9 are not statistically different from each other at the p ⁇ 0.05 level if followed by the same letter/color.
- Cantaloupe melons as compared to SmartFresh treatment. Bins containing 9 kilograms each of freshly harvested Cantaloupe melons were sprayed four times using a dual-liquid sprayer comprising the Harvista AFx701 formulation (see FIG. 10). Each spray of the AFx701 liquid 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) formulation comprised 83.5 mg of AFx701 and 608 mg of water. Thus, a total amount of 1.67 mg of 1-MCP active ingredient and 2.43 g of water was applied to each bin of melons, which equates to 0.185 mg of 1-MCP per kg of melons. The 1- MCP treatment formulations were prepared and applied to apples using a sprayer, and compared to apples that had been treated with SmartFresh or no 1-MCP at all (control).
- the bins of melons were allowed to air dry outside, and were then stored in regular cold air (i.e., about 36°F) for a second time period of about 15 days.
- the melons were then moved to a regular atmosphere storage having a temperature of about 70°F for a third time period of about 2, 4, or 6 more days.
- the fruit were then analyzed for firmness.
- Firmness of the melons was measured by cutting the melons in half, and measuring the middle pulp with an 8 mm tip.
- FIG. 11 The outcome of this spray experiment is summarized in FIG. 11 and the corresponding statistical data is shown in Table 10.
- the 1-MCP spray treatment concentrations showed significant differences from the control fruit with respect to firmness on all days.
- FIG. 11 demonstrates that the firmness of fruit sprayed with 1-MCP was relatively comparable to melons treated with SmartFresh on all days.
- FIG. 11 and Table 10 demonstrate that the present method using a 1-MCP spray treatment is effective to control and/or inhibit fruit ripening in melons.
- Table 10 represents the statistical analysis of a bin-to-bin comparison of 1-MCP treatment. Values shown in Table 10 are not statistically different from each other at the p ⁇ 0.05 level if followed by the same letter/color.
- FIG. 12 The outcome of this spray experiment is summarized in FIG. 12 and the corresponding data is shown in Table 11.
- the 1-MCP spray treatment concentrations showed significant differences from the control, but were statistically the same as SmartFresh treated fruit with respect to firmness on all days.
- FIG. 12 demonstrates that the firmness of melons sprayed with 1-MCP was even higher on Day 9+4 as compared to melons treated with SmartFresh.
- FIG. 12 and Table 11 demonstrate that the present method using a 1-MCP spray treatment is effective to control and/or inhibit fruit ripening in melons.
- Table 11 represents the statistical analysis of a bin-to-bin comparison of 1-MCP treatment. Values shown in Table 11 are not statistically different from each other at the p ⁇ 0.05 level if followed by the same letter/color.
- Apples were stored for 65 days in cold air at about 1°C temperature, prior to being stressed for 7 days at room temperature.
- Replicates of 25 fruit were sampled from each layer of each fruit bin to analyze fruit firmness (in pounds, lbs) and internal ethylene concentration (ppm). Data were analyzed on a whole bin basis using all replicates from each layer.
- Table 12 demonstrates that the present method using a wand device to apply a 1- MCP treatment is effective to control and/or inhibit fruit ripening in apples, particularly fruit firmness and ethylene concentration. Values within each layer shown in Table 12 are not statistically different from each other at the p ⁇ 0.05 level if followed by the same letter/color.
- Example 6 Comparative Analysis of 1-MCP Treatments of Apples and Pears
- the 1-MCP treatment formulation was applied to the fruit using: 1) a C02 backpack at 40 psi pressure, an 8006 flat fan nozzle, and an application time to the fruit of 50 seconds (see FIG. 8); 2) a BinBong method comprising a funnel and PVC piping, wherein the 1-MCP and water are mixed for 5 seconds, poured into the funnel, and applied to the fruit for 10 seconds (see FIG. 9); and 3) a straight wand device (comprising eight nozzles) connected to a Dema injection pump at 25 psi pressure, an 8010 flat fan nozzle, and an application time to the fruit ranging from 4-16 seconds (see FIG. 2).
- Tables 22-46 Additional statistical data for the comparison of fruit in bin layers of this comparative experiment of the method of application of 1-MCP treatments in apples and pear varieties is shown in Tables 22-46. Values within each layer shown in Table 18-46 are not statistically different from each other at the p ⁇ 0.05 level if followed by the same letter/color.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
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AU2017229097A AU2017229097B2 (en) | 2016-03-07 | 2017-03-06 | Alternative device and methods for application of 1-methylcyclopropene to fruit |
EP17763833.5A EP3426031A4 (en) | 2016-03-07 | 2017-03-06 | Alternative device and methods for application of 1-methylcyclopropene to fruit |
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US201662304651P | 2016-03-07 | 2016-03-07 | |
US62/304,651 | 2016-03-07 |
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PCT/US2017/020937 WO2017155878A1 (en) | 2016-03-07 | 2017-03-06 | Alternative device and methods for application of 1-methylcyclopropene to fruit |
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US (1) | US20170251662A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3426031A4 (en) |
AR (1) | AR107821A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2017229097B2 (en) |
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WO2023225459A2 (en) | 2022-05-14 | 2023-11-23 | Novozymes A/S | Compositions and methods for preventing, treating, supressing and/or eliminating phytopathogenic infestations and infections |
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US2249792A (en) * | 1938-08-05 | 1941-07-22 | Bronson C Skinner | Method and apparatus for treating fruit |
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US20070265167A1 (en) * | 2006-05-15 | 2007-11-15 | Todd Edgington | Treating horticultural crops |
EP2173691B1 (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2013-11-13 | North Carolina State University | Methods of inhibiting ethylene responses in plants using cyclopropene amine compounds |
JP2011246463A (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2011-12-08 | Rohm & Haas Co | Waxy coatings on plant part |
EP2392210A1 (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2011-12-07 | Syngenta Participations AG | Methods for increasing stress tolerance in plants |
CA2837081C (en) * | 2011-05-23 | 2019-06-25 | Washington State University Research Foundation | Use of photosynthetic pigment stabilizing agents to regulate ripening and quality in fruits and vegetables |
US20140080712A1 (en) * | 2012-09-17 | 2014-03-20 | Agrofresh Inc. | Compositions and methods for double encapsulation of a volatile compound |
AU2014281834B2 (en) * | 2013-06-18 | 2017-11-02 | Syngenta Participations Ag | Compositions and methods for post-harvest treatment |
CN104621247A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-05-20 | 国家农产品保鲜工程技术研究中心(天津) | Method for storing fruits and keeping fruits fresh through pyroligneous acid and 1-methylcyclopropene combination |
-
2017
- 2017-03-06 AU AU2017229097A patent/AU2017229097B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2017-03-06 TW TW106107224A patent/TW201804903A/en unknown
- 2017-03-06 WO PCT/US2017/020937 patent/WO2017155878A1/en active Application Filing
- 2017-03-06 EP EP17763833.5A patent/EP3426031A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-03-07 AR ARP170100563A patent/AR107821A1/en unknown
- 2017-03-07 US US15/452,506 patent/US20170251662A1/en not_active Abandoned
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AR107821A1 (en) | 2018-06-06 |
EP3426031A1 (en) | 2019-01-16 |
TW201804903A (en) | 2018-02-16 |
AU2017229097B2 (en) | 2021-04-08 |
US20170251662A1 (en) | 2017-09-07 |
EP3426031A4 (en) | 2019-08-14 |
AU2017229097A1 (en) | 2018-09-06 |
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