WO2017152759A1 - 一种低温热能回收利用机组及方法 - Google Patents

一种低温热能回收利用机组及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017152759A1
WO2017152759A1 PCT/CN2017/074451 CN2017074451W WO2017152759A1 WO 2017152759 A1 WO2017152759 A1 WO 2017152759A1 CN 2017074451 W CN2017074451 W CN 2017074451W WO 2017152759 A1 WO2017152759 A1 WO 2017152759A1
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Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
liquid
medium
solenoid valve
organic low
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PCT/CN2017/074451
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English (en)
French (fr)
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钟学斌
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钟学斌
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Publication of WO2017152759A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017152759A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
    • F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat energy recycling unit and method, in particular to a low temperature heat energy recycling unit and method.
  • low-temperature heat energy recycling uses low-boiling organic working fluids with low-boiling physical properties, absorbs waste heat (waste heat) source heat energy through heat exchangers, and liquid working fluid absorbs heat to produce high-pressure steam, drives gas turbines, drives generators to generate electricity or The mechanical energy is directly output, and the steam after the work is condensed into a liquid state through a cooling device (cooling tower or domestic hot water heat exchanger + cooling tower), and then sent to the evaporator through the solution pump, circulating and evaporating, continuously generating steam, and pushing the gas turbine.
  • a cooling device cooling tower or domestic hot water heat exchanger + cooling tower
  • the heat source of the heat source is required to be scaled, and the small amount and trace amount of heat source cannot be recycled;
  • the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a low-temperature heat energy recovery with high heat energy recovery utilization rate, low heat source temperature requirement (down to room temperature), small equipment investment, and wide recovery of small amount and trace amount of heat source heat. Use units and methods.
  • the low-temperature heat energy recycling unit of the present invention comprises a gas storage device, a compressor, a liquid storage device, an evaporation heat exchanger I, a pneumatic machine, a solenoid valve I, a solenoid valve II, an electric valve I, a pressure switch I, a liquid leveler I, a check valve I and a control system, wherein the gas storage device is connected to an intake end of the compressor through a pipeline, and the exhaust end of the compressor is connected to a middle and a lower portion of the liquid storage device through a pipeline, The bottom of the accumulator is connected to the evaporating heat exchanger I through a pipeline provided with a solenoid valve I, and the evaporating heat exchanger I is connected to the suction end of the compressor through a pipeline provided with a solenoid valve II, respectively.
  • the pressure switch I and the liquid level device I are installed in the evaporating heat exchanger I, and the electric valve I is connected to the evaporating heat exchanger I (controlling the entry of the heat source, and turning off the heat source when the evaporating heat exchanger I does not evaporate)
  • the control system is respectively connected to the compressor, the liquid level device I, the liquid level switch, the electromagnetic valve I, the electromagnetic valve II, the electric valve I, and the pressure switch I.
  • the control system detects the liquid level of the accumulator and the evaporating heat exchanger I, opens the compressor, and compresses the organic low-boiling working medium in the system.
  • the liquid level of the accumulator reaches 0A and the liquid level of the evaporating heat exchanger I is 1C
  • the liquid level switch of the liquid storage device and the contact 1303 of the liquid level device I in the evaporation heat exchanger I are turned on (or disconnected)
  • the control system receives the signal
  • the control system outputs a control signal to open the electromagnetic valve II, and the evaporation heat exchanger I internal pressure drops rapidly.
  • the control system When the pressure drops to the trigger value of the pressure switch I, the pressure switch I is turned on (or disconnected), the control system receives the signal, and the control system outputs a control signal to close the solenoid valve II, open the solenoid valve I, and store The liquid organic low boiling point working medium in the medium temperature medium and medium pressure flows into the evaporating heat exchanger I through the electromagnetic valve I.
  • the contact 1301 of the liquid level device I When the inflowing liquid organic low boiling point working mass reaches the set value 1A, the contact 1301 of the liquid level device I is turned on.
  • the output control signal turns off the solenoid valve I, and opens the electric valve I; the liquid organic low-boiling working medium in the evaporating heat exchanger I absorbs and flows through the evaporating heat exchanger I (waste heat, waste heat) , low grade heat source)
  • the thermal energy of the medium is evaporated to maintain the rapid evaporation of the liquid organic low-boiling working medium in the evaporating heat exchanger I to form a high-temperature and high-pressure gas, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas obtained enters the intake end of the pneumatic machine through a pipe provided with the check valve I.
  • the pneumatic machine converts the steam energy into mechanical energy.
  • the organic low-boiling working medium after the work is a medium-temperature gas state, and is directly discharged into the gas storage device through the pipeline from the exhaust end of the pneumatic machine, and the organic low-boiling working medium in the gas storage device is
  • the compressor is sucked and compressed into a liquid state and stored in the liquid storage device, so that the organic low-boiling working medium performs a complete workflow from a gaseous state to a liquid state to a liquid state to a gaseous state;
  • the liquid organic low-boiling working medium in the evaporating heat exchanger I is evaporating, and the liquid working medium is continuously reduced.
  • the contact 1303 of the liquid leveler I is turned on (or disconnected), and the control system detects After the signal is output, the control signal is turned on to open the solenoid valve II, and the electric valve I is closed; the internal pressure of the evaporating heat exchanger I drops rapidly, and when the pressure drops to the trigger value of the pressure switch I, the pressure switch I contacts are turned on (or disconnected),
  • the output control signal closes the solenoid valve II, opens the solenoid valve I, and the liquid organic low-boiling working medium in the middle temperature and medium pressure in the liquid reservoir flows into the evaporating heat exchanger I through the electromagnetic valve I, when the liquid organic medium flows in.
  • the low boiling point working quality reaches the set value 1A, the contact 1301 of the liquid leveling device I is turned on (or disconnected), and the control system detects the signal and outputs a control signal to close the electromagnetic valve I, open the electric valve I; evaporating heat exchanger I
  • the liquid organic low-boiling working medium absorbs the heat energy of the medium flowing through the evaporative heat exchanger I (waste heat, waste heat, low-temperature grade heat source) to evaporate, so as to keep the liquid organic low-boiling working medium in the evaporating heat exchanger I continue to be fast.
  • Evaporation forms a high-temperature and high-pressure gas
  • the obtained high-temperature and high-pressure gas enters the intake end of the pneumatic machine through a pipe provided with a check valve I.
  • the pneumatic machine converts the steam energy into mechanical energy, and the organic low-boiling working medium after the work is a medium-temperature gas state, from the pneumatic machine.
  • the exhaust end is directly discharged into the accumulator through the pipeline, and the organic low-boiling working medium in the accumulator is sucked by the compressor, compressed into a liquid state and stored in the accumulator for circulation work;
  • the evaporative heat exchanger I does not output high pressure steam during the non-evaporation period, and the pneumatic machine stops working.
  • a low-temperature heat energy recovery unit including a gas storage device, a compressor, a liquid storage device, an evaporative heat exchanger I, an evaporative heat exchanger II, a pneumatic machine, a solenoid valve I, a solenoid valve II, a solenoid valve III , solenoid valve IV, electric valve I, electric valve II, pressure switch I, pressure switch II, liquid level device I, liquid level device II, check valve I, check valve II and control system, the gas storage device passes The pipeline is connected to the suction end of the compressor, and the exhaust end of the compressor is connected to the middle and lower portions of the accumulator through a pipeline, and the bottom of the accumulator is respectively passed through a pipeline provided with a solenoid valve I and evaporated
  • the heat exchanger I is connected to the evaporating heat exchanger II through a pipeline provided with a solenoid valve III, and the evaporating heat exchanger I is connected to the suction end of the compressor through a pipeline provided with a solenoid
  • a line provided with a one-way valve I is connected to an intake end of the pneumatic machine, and the evaporating heat exchanger II is connected to the suction end of the compressor through a line provided with a solenoid valve IV, respectively, through a check valve
  • the pipeline of II is connected to the intake end of the pneumatic machine, the row of the pneumatic machine The end is connected to the accumulator through a pipeline, the pressure switch I and the liquid level device I are installed in the evaporating heat exchanger I, the liquid accumulator is provided with a liquid level switch, the pressure switch II, the liquid level device II is installed in the evaporative heat exchanger II, the electric valve I is connected to the evaporating heat exchanger I (controls the entry of the heat source, and the heat source is turned off when the evaporating heat exchanger I does not evaporate), the electric valve II and the evaporating exchange The heat exchanger II is connected (controls the entry of the heat source, and the heat source is turned off when the evaporation heat exchanger
  • the control system detects the liquid level of the accumulator and the evaporative heat exchanger I, opens the compressor, and compresses the organic low-boiling working medium in the system.
  • the liquid level of the accumulator reaches 0A and the liquid level of the evaporating heat exchanger I is 1C
  • the liquid level switch in the liquid storage device and the contact 1303 of the liquid level device I in the evaporating heat exchanger I are turned on (or disconnected)
  • the control system receives the signal, the control system outputs a control signal to open the electromagnetic valve II, and evaporates The internal pressure of the heater I drops rapidly.
  • the control system When the pressure drops to the trigger value of the pressure switch I, the pressure switch I is turned on (or disconnected), the control system receives the signal, and the control system outputs a control signal to close the solenoid valve II and open the solenoid valve I.
  • the liquid organic low-boiling working medium at medium temperature and medium pressure in the liquid reservoir flows into the evaporating heat exchanger I through the electromagnetic valve I, and when the inflowing liquid organic low boiling point working quality reaches the set value 1A, the contact 1301 of the liquid level device I Turning on (or disconnecting), after the control system detects the signal, the output control signal turns off the solenoid valve I, opens the electric valve I, and the liquid organic low boiling point working fluid in the evaporating heat exchanger I absorbs and flows through the evaporating heat exchanger I (waste heat) , waste heat, low grade The heat energy of the source medium is evaporated to maintain the liquid organic low-boiling working medium in the evaporating heat exchanger I to rapidly evaporate to form
  • the pneumatic machine converts the steam energy into mechanical energy, and the organic low-boiling working fluid after the work is a medium-temperature gas state, which is directly discharged into the gas storage device through the pipeline from the exhaust end of the pneumatic machine, and the organic low-boiling point in the gas storage device
  • the mass is sucked into the compressor and compressed into a liquid state and stored in the liquid storage device, so that the organic low-boiling working medium performs a complete workflow from a gaseous state to a liquid state to a liquid state to a gaseous state;
  • the liquid organic low-boiling working medium in the evaporating heat exchanger I is evaporating, and the liquid working medium is continuously reduced.
  • the contact 1302 of the liquid leveler I is turned on (or disconnected), and the control system detects Output control signal after signal
  • the solenoid valve IV is opened, the internal pressure of the evaporating heat exchanger II drops rapidly.
  • the pressure switch II contact When the pressure drops to the trigger value of the pressure switch II, the pressure switch II contact is turned on (or opened), and the control system detects the signal and outputs a control signal to turn off the electromagnetic Valve IV, open solenoid valve III, the liquid organic low boiling point working medium in the middle temperature and medium pressure of the liquid reservoir flows into the evaporating heat exchanger II through the electromagnetic valve III, when the inflowing liquid organic low boiling point working quality reaches the set value 2A, the liquid The contact 1401 of the positioner II is turned on (or off), and after the control system detects the signal, the output control signal turns off the electromagnetic valve III, opens the electric valve II, and the liquid organic low boiling point working fluid in the evaporating heat exchanger II absorbs and flows through The heat energy of the medium of the evaporative heat exchanger II (waste heat, waste heat, low-temperature grade heat source) is evaporated to maintain the rapid evaporation of the liquid organic low-boiling working medium in the evaporating heat exchanger II to form
  • the pipe of the one-way valve II enters the intake end of the pneumatic machine, and the pneumatic machine converts the steam energy into mechanical energy.
  • the organic low-boiling working medium after the work is a medium-temperature gas state, from the exhaust end of the pneumatic machine. Directly into the gas through the piping, a low boiling point organic substance in the gas is sucked into the compressor, compressed into liquid stored in the liquid reservoir, circulating work;
  • the liquid working medium in the evaporating heat exchanger II is evaporating, the liquid working medium is continuously reduced.
  • the contact 1402 of the liquid leveler II is turned on (or disconnected), the control system After detecting the signal, the output control signal turns on the solenoid valve II, closes the electric valve I, and the internal pressure of the evaporating heat exchanger I drops rapidly.
  • the pressure switch I contacts are turned on (or disconnected).
  • the output control signal closes the solenoid valve II, opens the solenoid valve I, and the liquid organic low-boiling working medium in the middle temperature and medium pressure in the accumulator flows into the evaporating heat exchanger I through the electromagnetic valve I, when the inflowing liquid
  • the organic low boiling point working quality reaches the set value 1A, the contact 1301 of the liquid leveling device I is turned on (or disconnected), and the control system detects the signal and outputs a control signal to close the electromagnetic valve I, open the electric valve I, and evaporate the heat exchanger.
  • the liquid organic low boiling point working fluid in I absorbs the heat energy flowing through the medium of the evaporative heat exchanger I (waste heat, waste heat, low temperature grade heat source) to evaporate, so as to keep the liquid organic low boiling point working medium in the evaporating heat exchanger I fast. Hair pressure gas is formed, the resultant pressure gas provided via conduit check valve I enters the inlet end of the pneumatic machine, pneumatic machine vapor energy into mechanical energy;
  • the reservoir capacity is greater than the total working fluid volume of the unit
  • the evaporative heat exchanger I and the evaporative heat exchanger II stop entering the waste heat, waste heat, and low temperature grade heat source medium;
  • the liquid level of the evaporative heat exchanger is lowered from A to B, the time required for the liquid working medium to evaporate is T0> the liquid level of the evaporating heat exchanger is lowered from B to C, and the liquid working medium is evaporated.
  • Time T ⁇ evaporative heat exchanger liquid level from C to pressure drop pressure switch action the liquid medium of the liquid storage device enters the evaporative heat exchanger to reach the liquid level A time T1;
  • the evaporative heat exchanger I and the evaporative heat exchanger II alternately absorb heat and evaporate, providing a high-pressure gas source for the pneumatic machine, so that the pneumatic machine can run normally.
  • a low-temperature heat energy recovery unit including a gas storage device, a compressor, a liquid storage device, an evaporation heat exchanger I, a pneumatic machine, a solenoid valve I, a solenoid valve II, a solenoid valve III, an electric valve I, a pressure a switch I, a liquid leveler I, a one-way valve I and a control system, the gas storage device being connected to an intake end of the compressor through a pipeline, the exhaust end of the compressor Connected to the middle and lower part of the accumulator through a pipeline, the bottom of the accumulator is connected to the evaporating heat exchanger I through a pipeline provided with a solenoid valve I, and the top is passed through a pipeline provided with a solenoid valve III and a pneumatic machine
  • the intake end is connected, and the evaporating heat exchanger I is connected to the suction end of the compressor through a pipe provided with a solenoid valve II, and is connected to the intake end of the pneumatic
  • the exhaust end of the pneumatic machine is connected to the gas storage device through a pipeline, the liquid reservoir is provided with a liquid level switch, and the pressure switch I and the liquid level device I are installed in the evaporation heat exchanger I,
  • the electric valve I is connected to the evaporating heat exchanger I (controls the entry of the heat source, and the heat source is turned off when the evaporating heat exchanger I does not evaporate), and the control system is respectively connected with the compressor, the liquid level switch, the electromagnetic valve I, and the electromagnetic valve II.
  • the solenoid valve III, the electric valve I, the pressure switch I, and the liquid level device I are connected.
  • the control system detects the liquid level of the accumulator and the evaporative heat exchanger I, opens the compressor, and compresses the organic low-boiling working medium in the system.
  • the liquid level of the accumulator reaches 0A and the liquid level of the evaporating heat exchanger I is 1C
  • the liquid level switch of the liquid storage device and the contact 1303 of the liquid level device I in the evaporating heat exchanger I are turned on (or disconnected), the control system receives the signal, and the control system outputs a control signal to open the electromagnetic valve II, evaporating heat transfer.
  • the internal pressure of the device I drops rapidly.
  • the control system When the pressure drops to the trigger value of the pressure switch I, the pressure switch I is turned on, the control system receives the signal, the control system outputs a control signal to close the solenoid valve II, opens the solenoid valve I, and the medium temperature in the reservoir The medium-pressure liquid organic low boiling point working fluid flows into the evaporating heat exchanger I through the electromagnetic valve I. When the inflowing liquid organic low boiling point working mass reaches the set value 1A, the contact 1301 of the liquid leveler I is turned on (or disconnected).
  • the output control signal turns off the solenoid valve I, opens the electric valve I; the liquid organic low-boiling working medium in the evaporating heat exchanger I absorbs and flows through the evaporative heat exchanger I (waste heat, waste heat, low-grade heat source) )medium
  • the heat is evaporated to maintain the liquid organic low-boiling working medium in the evaporating heat exchanger I to rapidly evaporate to form a high-temperature and high-pressure gas, and the obtained high-temperature and high-pressure gas enters the intake end of the pneumatic machine through a pipe provided with the check valve I, and is pneumatically
  • the machine converts steam energy into mechanical energy.
  • the organic low boiling point of the working fluid is medium temperature gaseous state.
  • the liquid organic low-boiling working medium in the evaporating heat exchanger I is evaporating, and the liquid working medium is continuously reduced.
  • the contact 1303 of the liquid leveler I is turned on (or disconnected), and the control system detects After the signal is output, the control signal is turned on to open the solenoid valve II and the solenoid valve III.
  • the medium-temperature medium-pressure gaseous working medium at the top of the liquid reservoir enters the intake end of the pneumatic machine through the electromagnetic valve III and the straight pipe, and the pneumatic machine converts the steam energy into mechanical energy.
  • the internal pressure of the evaporative heat exchanger I drops rapidly.
  • the pressure switch I contacts are turned on (or opened), and the control system detects the signal and outputs a control signal to close the solenoid valve II.
  • Open the solenoid valve I the liquid organic low boiling point working medium in the middle temperature and medium pressure in the liquid reservoir flows into the evaporating heat exchanger I through the electromagnetic valve I, when the inflowing liquid organic low boiling point working quality reaches the set value 1A, the liquid level device I
  • the contact 1301 is turned on (or off), and after the control system detects the signal, the output control signal turns off the solenoid valve I and the solenoid valve III, opens the electric valve I, and evaporates the liquid organic low-boiling working medium in the heat exchanger I.
  • the thermal energy of the medium evaporates to keep the liquid organic low boiling point working medium in the evaporating heat exchanger I continuously evaporate to form high temperature and high pressure gas, and the obtained high temperature and high pressure gas is provided with the check valve I.
  • the pipeline enters the intake end of the pneumatic machine, and the pneumatic machine converts the steam energy into mechanical energy.
  • the organic low-boiling working medium after the work is a medium-temperature gas state, and is directly discharged into the gas storage device through the pipeline from the exhaust end of the pneumatic machine, and the gas storage device
  • the organic low boiling point working medium is sucked by the compressor, compressed into a liquid state and stored in the liquid storage device for circulation work;
  • the medium-temperature medium-pressure gas in the accumulator directly pushes the pneumatic machine to work.
  • the advantages of the invention are: high heat energy recovery rate, low heat source temperature requirement (down to room temperature), small equipment investment, small amount and trace amount of heat source can be recycled, and heat recovery application is not Limited.
  • Embodiment 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 2 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 3 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • the present embodiment includes a gas reservoir 1, a compressor 2, an accumulator 3, an evaporative heat exchanger I4, a pneumatic machine 6, an electric valve I (not shown), a solenoid valve I7, and a solenoid valve II8.
  • the gas storage device 1 is connected to the suction end of the compressor 2 through a pipeline, and the exhaust end of the compressor 2 is connected through a pipeline
  • the middle and lower portions of the accumulator 3 are connected, and the bottom of the accumulator 3 is connected to the evaporating heat exchanger I4 through a line provided with a solenoid valve I7, and the evaporating heat exchanger I4 passes through a tube provided with a solenoid valve II8, respectively.
  • the road is connected to the suction end of the compressor 2, and is connected to the intake end of the pneumatic machine 6 through a line provided with a check valve I15, and the exhaust end of the pneumatic machine 6 is connected to the accumulator 1 through a pipe.
  • a liquid level switch is disposed in the liquid storage device 3, and the pressure switch I11 and the liquid level device I13 are installed in the evaporation heat exchanger I4.
  • the electric valve I is connected to the evaporation heat exchanger I4 (controls the entry of the heat source, Evaporation
  • the heat exchanger I turns off the heat source when there is no evaporation.
  • the control system is connected to the compressor 2, the liquid level device I13, the liquid level switch, the electromagnetic valve I7, the electromagnetic valve II8, the electric valve I, and the pressure switch I11, respectively.
  • the control system detects the liquid level of the accumulator 3 and the evaporating heat exchanger I4, opens the compressor 2, and compresses the organic low-boiling working medium in the system.
  • the liquid level of the accumulator 3 reaches 0A
  • the liquid level of the evaporating heat exchanger I4 is At 1C
  • the liquid level switch of the accumulator 3 and the contact 1303 of the liquid level device I13 in the evaporating heat exchanger I4 are turned on, the control system receives the signal, the control system outputs a control signal to open the electromagnetic valve II8, and the evaporating heat exchanger I4
  • the internal pressure drops rapidly.
  • the pressure switch I11 When the pressure drops to the trigger value of the pressure switch I11, the pressure switch I11 is turned on, the control system receives the signal, and the control system outputs a control signal to close the solenoid valve II8, open the solenoid valve I7, and the medium temperature in the accumulator 3 The pressed liquid organic low boiling point working fluid flows into the evaporating heat exchanger I4 through the electromagnetic valve I7.
  • the contact 1301 of the liquid level device I13 is turned on, and the control system detects After the signal, the output control signal turns off the solenoid valve I7 to open the electric valve I; the liquid organic low-boiling working medium in the evaporating heat exchanger I4 absorbs and flows through the evaporative heat exchanger I4 (waste heat, waste heat, low-grade heat source) medium The heat energy is evaporated to maintain the liquid organic low-boiling working medium in the evaporating heat exchanger I4 to continuously evaporate rapidly to form a high-temperature and high-pressure gas, and the obtained high-temperature and high-pressure gas enters the intake end of the pneumatic machine 6 through a pipe provided with the check valve I15, and is pneumatically
  • the machine 6 converts the steam energy into mechanical energy, and the organic low-boiling working medium after the work is a medium-temperature gas state, and is directly discharged into the gas storage device 1 through the pipeline
  • the liquid organic low-boiling working medium in the evaporative heat exchanger I4 is evaporating, and the liquid working medium is continuously reduced.
  • the contact 1303 of the liquid leveler I13 is turned on, and the control system detects the signal and outputs the control.
  • the signal opens the solenoid valve II8, closes the electric valve I, and the internal pressure of the evaporating heat exchanger I4 drops rapidly.
  • the pressure switch I11 contacts are turned on, and the control system detects the signal and the output control signal is turned off.
  • the contact 1301 of the liquid level device I13 is turned on, and the control system detects the signal and outputs a control signal to close the electromagnetic valve I7, open the electric valve I, and the liquid organic low boiling point working medium in the evaporating heat exchanger I4 absorbs the evaporation heat transfer.
  • the heat energy of the medium I4 (waste heat, waste heat, low temperature grade heat source) is evaporated to maintain the rapid evaporation of the liquid organic low boiling point working medium in the evaporation heat exchanger I4.
  • High-temperature and high-pressure gas, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas obtained enters the intake end of the pneumatic machine 6 through the pipe with the check valve I15, and the pneumatic machine 6 converts the steam energy into mechanical energy, and the organic low-boiling working medium after the work is the medium-temperature gas state, from the pneumatic machine
  • the exhaust end of 6 is directly discharged into the accumulator 1 through the pipeline, and the organic low boiling point working fluid in the accumulator 1 is sucked by the compressor 2, compressed into a liquid state and stored in the accumulator 3, and is subjected to a circulating operation;
  • the evaporating heat exchanger I4 does not output high-pressure steam during the non-evaporation period, and the pneumatic machine 6 stops working.
  • the embodiment includes a gas storage device 1, a compressor 2, a liquid storage device 3, an evaporation heat exchanger I4, an evaporation heat exchanger II5, a pneumatic machine 6, a solenoid valve I7, a solenoid valve II8, a solenoid valve III9, Solenoid valve IV10, electric valve I (not shown), electric valve II (not shown), pressure switch I11, pressure switch II12, liquid level device I13, liquid level device II14, check valve I15, single To the valve II16 and the control system, the accumulator 1 is connected to the suction end of the compressor 2 through a pipeline, and the exhaust end of the compressor 2 is connected to the lower middle portion of the accumulator 3 through a pipeline, The bottom of the accumulator 3 is connected to the evaporating heat exchanger I4 through a line provided with a solenoid valve I7, and is connected to the evaporating heat exchanger II5 through a line provided with a solenoid valve III9, and the evaporating
  • the electric valve II is connected to the evaporating heat exchanger II5 (controls the entry of the heat source, and the heat source is turned off when the evaporating heat exchanger II does not evaporate), the control system and the compressor, respectively.
  • the liquid level switch, the electromagnetic valve I7, the electromagnetic valve II8, the electromagnetic valve III9, the electromagnetic valve IV10, the electric valve I, the electric valve II, the pressure switch I11, the pressure switch II12, the liquid level device I13, and the liquid level device II14 are connected.
  • the control system detects the liquid level of the accumulator 3 and the evaporating heat exchanger I4, opens the compressor 2, and compresses the organic low-boiling working medium in the system.
  • the liquid level of the accumulator 3 reaches 0A
  • the liquid level of the evaporating heat exchanger I4 When it is 1C, the liquid level switch in the liquid storage device 3 and the contact 1303 of the liquid level device I13 in the evaporation heat exchanger I4 are turned on, the control system receives the signal, the control system outputs a control signal to open the electromagnetic valve II8, and the evaporation heat exchange is performed.
  • the internal pressure of the device I4 drops rapidly.
  • the pressure switch I11 When the pressure drops to the trigger value of the pressure switch I11, the pressure switch I11 is turned on, the control system receives the signal, and the control system outputs a control signal to close the electromagnetic valve II8, open the electromagnetic valve I7, and the liquid storage device 3
  • the medium-temperature medium-pressure liquid organic low-boiling working medium flows into the evaporating heat exchanger I4 through the electromagnetic valve I7.
  • the contact 1301 of the liquid level device I13 is turned on, and the control system After detecting the signal, the output control signal turns off the solenoid valve I7, opens the electric valve I, and the liquid organic low-boiling working medium in the evaporating heat exchanger I4 absorbs and flows through the evaporating heat exchanger I4 (waste heat, waste heat, low-grade heat source) The thermal energy is evaporated to maintain the rapid evaporation of the liquid organic low-boiling working medium in the evaporating heat exchanger I4 to form a high-temperature and high-pressure gas, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas obtained enters the intake end of the pneumatic machine 6 through a pipe provided with the check valve I15.
  • the pneumatic machine 6 converts the steam energy into mechanical energy, and the organic low-boiling working medium after the work is a medium-temperature gas state, and is directly discharged into the gas storage device 1 through the pipeline from the exhaust end of the pneumatic machine 6, and the organic in the gas storage device 1
  • the low boiling point working fluid is sucked by the compressor 2 and compressed into a liquid state. It is stored in the liquid storage device 3 and recycled; thus, the organic low-boiling working medium performs a complete workflow from a gaseous state to a liquid state, a liquid state to a gaseous state;
  • the liquid organic low-boiling working medium in the evaporative heat exchanger I4 is evaporating, and the liquid working medium is continuously reduced.
  • the contact 1302 of the liquid level device I13 is turned on, and the control system detects the signal and outputs the control.
  • the signal opens the solenoid valve IV10, and the internal pressure of the evaporating heat exchanger II5 drops rapidly.
  • the pressure switch II12 contacts are turned on, and the control system detects the signal and outputs a control signal to close the solenoid valve IV10 and open.
  • Solenoid valve III9 the liquid organic low boiling point working medium in the middle temperature and medium pressure in the liquid storage device 3 flows into the evaporating heat exchanger II5 through the electromagnetic valve III9, when the inflowing liquid organic low boiling point working quality reaches the set value 2A, the liquid level device II14
  • the contact 1401 is turned on, and after the control system detects the signal, the output control signal turns off the electromagnetic valve III9, opens the electric valve II, and the liquid organic low-boiling working medium in the evaporating heat exchanger II5 absorbs and flows through the evaporating heat exchanger II5 (waste heat,
  • the heat energy of the residual heat and low temperature grade heat source is evaporated to maintain the rapid evaporation of the liquid organic low boiling point working medium in the evaporation heat exchanger II5 to form high temperature and high pressure gas.
  • the obtained high-temperature and high-pressure gas enters the intake end of the pneumatic machine 6 through the pipe with the check valve II16, and the pneumatic machine 6 outputs the mechanical energy; the organic low-boiling working medium after the work is the medium-temperature gas state, and the exhaust end of the pneumatic machine 6 passes through the pipeline.
  • the organic low boiling point working fluid in the gas storage device 1 is sucked by the compressor 2, compressed into a liquid state and stored in the liquid storage device 3, and is circulated;
  • the liquid working medium in the evaporating heat exchanger II5 is evaporating, the liquid working medium is continuously reduced.
  • the contact 1402 of the liquid leveler II14 is turned on, and the control system detects the signal and outputs it.
  • the control signal opens the solenoid valve II8, closes the electric valve I, and the internal pressure of the evaporating heat exchanger I4 drops rapidly.
  • the pressure switch I11 contacts are turned on, and the control system outputs a control signal after detecting the signal.
  • the heat energy of the medium of the heat exchanger I4 (waste heat, waste heat, low temperature grade heat source) is evaporated to keep the liquid organic low boiling point working medium in the evaporation heat exchanger I4 from evaporating rapidly.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is obtained, and the obtained high-temperature and high-pressure gas enters the intake end of the pneumatic machine 6 through a pipe provided with the check valve I15, and the pneumatic machine 6 converts the steam energy into mechanical energy;
  • the capacity of the liquid storage device 3 is greater than the liquid volume of the total working fluid of the unit
  • the evaporative heat exchanger I4 and the evaporative heat exchanger II5 stop entering the waste heat, waste heat, and low temperature grade heat source medium;
  • the liquid level of the evaporative heat exchanger is lowered from A to B, the time required for the liquid working medium to evaporate is T0> the liquid level of the evaporating heat exchanger is lowered from B to C, and the liquid working medium is evaporated.
  • Time T ⁇ evaporative heat exchanger liquid level from C to pressure drop pressure switch action the liquid medium of the accumulator 3 enters the evaporative heat exchanger to reach the liquid level A time T1;
  • the evaporative heat exchanger I4 and the evaporative heat exchanger II5 alternately absorb heat and evaporate, providing a high-pressure gas source for the pneumatic machine 6, so that The pneumatic machine 6 can operate normally and continuously.
  • the evaporative heat exchanger of this embodiment can also be composed of more than three quantities.
  • the embodiment includes a gas storage device 1, a compressor 2, a liquid storage device 3, an evaporation heat exchanger I4, a pneumatic machine 6, a solenoid valve I7, a solenoid valve II8, a solenoid valve III9, an electric valve I, and a pressure switch.
  • the gas storage device 1 is connected to the suction end of the compressor 2 through a pipeline, and the exhaust end of the compressor 2 passes through the pipeline and the accumulator
  • the middle and lower portions of the third tank are connected, the bottom of the accumulator 3 is connected to the evaporating heat exchanger I4 through a pipe provided with a solenoid valve I7, and the top is connected to the intake end of the pneumatic machine 6 through a pipe provided with a solenoid valve III9.
  • the evaporating heat exchanger I4 is connected to the suction end of the compressor 2 through a line provided with a solenoid valve II8, and is connected to the intake end of the pneumatic machine 6 through a line provided with a check valve I15.
  • the exhaust end of the pneumatic machine 6 is connected to the accumulator 1 through a pipeline.
  • the accumulator 3 is provided with a liquid level switch.
  • the pressure switch I11 and the liquid level device I13 are installed in the evaporative heat exchanger I4.
  • the electric valve I is connected to the evaporating heat exchanger I4 (controls the entry of the heat source, and the evaporation heat exchanger I does not evaporate)
  • the control system is respectively connected to the compressor 2, the liquid level switch, the electromagnetic valve I7, the electromagnetic valve II8, the electromagnetic valve III9, the electric valve I, the pressure switch I11, and the liquid level device I13.
  • the control system detects the liquid level of the accumulator 3 and the evaporating heat exchanger I4, opens the compressor 2, and compresses the organic low-boiling working medium in the system.
  • the liquid level of the accumulator 3 reaches 0A
  • the liquid level of the evaporating heat exchanger I4 When it is 1C, the liquid level switch of the accumulator 3 and the contact 1303 of the liquid leveler I13 in the evaporating heat exchanger I4 are turned on, the control system receives the signal, the control system outputs a control signal to open the electromagnetic valve II8, and the evaporating heat exchanger
  • the internal pressure of I4 drops rapidly.
  • the pressure switch I11 When the pressure drops to the trigger value of the pressure switch I11, the pressure switch I11 is turned on, the control system receives the signal, and the control system outputs a control signal to close the solenoid valve II8, open the solenoid valve I7, and the medium temperature in the reservoir 3.
  • the medium-pressure liquid organic low boiling point working fluid flows into the evaporating heat exchanger I4 through the electromagnetic valve I7.
  • the contact 1301 of the liquid level device I13 is turned on, and the control system detects After the signal is output, the control signal is turned off to close the electromagnetic valve I7, and the electric valve I is opened.
  • the liquid organic low-boiling working medium in the evaporating heat exchanger I4 is absorbed and passed through the evaporative heat exchanger I4 (waste heat, waste heat, low-grade heat source).
  • the heat energy is evaporated to keep the liquid organic low-boiling working medium in the evaporating heat exchanger I4 continuously evaporating rapidly to form a high-temperature and high-pressure gas, and the obtained high-temperature high-pressure gas enters the intake end of the pneumatic machine 6 through a pipe provided with the check valve I15.
  • the pneumatic machine 6 converts the steam energy into mechanical energy, and the organic low-boiling working medium after the work is a medium-temperature gas state, and is directly discharged into the gas storage device 1 through the pipeline from the exhaust end of the pneumatic machine 6, and the organic in the gas storage device 1
  • the low boiling point working fluid is sucked by the compressor 2, compressed into a liquid state and stored in the liquid storage device 3, and recycled; thus, the organic low boiling point working medium performs a complete workflow from a gaseous state to a liquid state, a liquid state to a gaseous state;
  • the liquid organic low-boiling working medium in the evaporative heat exchanger I4 is evaporating, and the liquid working medium is continuously reduced.
  • the contact 1303 of the liquid leveler I13 is turned on, and the control system detects the signal and outputs the control.
  • Signal open electromagnetic Valve II8 and solenoid valve III9 the medium temperature medium pressure gaseous working medium at the top of the liquid accumulator 3 enters the intake end of the pneumatic machine 6 through the electromagnetic valve III9 and the straight pipe, and the pneumatic machine 6 converts the steam energy into mechanical energy, and simultaneously evaporates the heat transfer.
  • the internal pressure of the device I4 drops rapidly.
  • the contact 1301 of the liquid level device I13 is turned on, and the control system After detecting the signal, the output control signal turns off the solenoid valve I7 and the solenoid valve III9, opens the electric valve I, and the liquid organic low boiling point working fluid in the evaporation heat exchanger I4 absorbs and flows through the evaporation heat exchanger I4 (waste heat, waste heat, low temperature grade heat source)
  • the thermal energy of the medium is evaporated to maintain the rapid evaporation of the liquid organic low-boiling working medium in the evaporating heat exchanger I4 to form a high-temperature and high-pressure gas, and the obtained high-temperature and high-pressure gas is passed through
  • the pipe with the check valve I15 enters the intake end of the pneumatic machine 6, and the pneumatic machine 6 converts the steam energy into mechanical energy.
  • the organic low-boiling working medium after the work is a medium-temperature gas state, directly from the exhaust end of the pneumatic machine 6 through the pipeline. Discharged into the gas storage device 1, the organic low boiling point working fluid in the gas storage device 1 is sucked by the compressor 2, compressed into a liquid state and stored in the liquid storage device 3, and is circulated;
  • the medium-temperature medium-pressure gas in the accumulator 3 directly pushes the pneumatic machine 6 to work.

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Abstract

一种低温热能回收利用机组，该机组包括储气器（1）、压缩机（2）、储液器（3）、蒸发换热器Ⅰ（4）、气动机器（6）、电磁阀Ⅰ（7）、电磁阀Ⅱ（8）、压力开关Ⅰ（11）、液位器Ⅰ（13）、单向阀Ⅰ（15）和控制系统，储气器（1）与压缩机（2）的吸气端相连，压缩机（2）的排气端与储液器（3）相连，储液器（3）的底部通过设有电磁阀Ⅰ（7）的管路与蒸发换热器Ⅰ（4）相连，蒸发换热器Ⅰ（4）通过设有电磁阀Ⅱ（8）的管路与压缩机（2）的吸气端相连、通过设有单向阀Ⅰ（15）的管路与气动机器（6）相连，气动机器（6）与储气器（1）相连，储液器（3）内设有液位开关，电动阀Ⅰ与蒸发换热器Ⅰ（4）相连，压力开关Ⅰ（11）、液位器Ⅰ（13）安装在蒸发换热器Ⅰ（4）内。该机组具有热能利用率高，回收热源范围广，设备投资小，小量、微量的热源能进行回收利用等特点。还公开一种低温热能回收利用方法。

Description

一种低温热能回收利用机组及方法
本申请要求于2016年03月10日提交中国专利局的申请号为CN201610135182.2、名称为“一种低温热能回收利用机组及方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种热能回收利用机组及方法，特别是涉及一种低温热能回收利用机组及方法。
背景技术
目前，低温热能回收利用都是用低沸点有机工质低沸点物理特性，通过换热器吸收废热(余热)源热能，液态工质吸热蒸发产生高压蒸气，推动气轮机，带动发电机组发电或直接输出机械能，做功后的蒸气通过冷却装置(冷却塔或生活热水换热器+冷却塔)冷凝成液态后，通过溶液泵输送到蒸发器内，循环蒸发，连续产生蒸气，推动气轮机。其存在以下不足：
1、热能利用率低(冷凝过程损失热量，冷凝设备自身耗能)；
2、对热源温度要求高(高于60摄氏度)；
3、设备投资大，无法小型、微型化；
4、对热源热量要求上规模，小量、微量的热源无法进行回收利用；
5、热回收应用受限严重。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，提供一种热能回收利用率高，对热源温度要求低(可低至室温)，设备投资小，可广泛回收小量、微量的热源热量进行利用的低温热能回收利用机组及方法。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
技术方案一：本发明之低温热能回收利用机组，包括储气器、压缩机、储液器、蒸发换热器Ⅰ、气动机器、电磁阀Ⅰ、电磁阀Ⅱ、电动阀Ⅰ、压力开关Ⅰ、液位器Ⅰ、单向阀Ⅰ和控制系统，所述储气器通过管路与压缩机的吸气端相连，所述压缩机的排气端通过管路与储液器的中下部相连，所述储液器的底部通过设有电磁阀Ⅰ的管路与蒸发换热器Ⅰ相连，所述蒸发换热器Ⅰ分别通过设有电磁阀Ⅱ的管路与压缩机的吸气端相连、通过设有单向阀Ⅰ的管路与气动机器的进气端相连，所述气动机器的排气端通过管路与储气器相连，所述储液器内设有液位开关，所述压力开关Ⅰ、液位器Ⅰ安装在蒸发换热器Ⅰ内，所述电动阀Ⅰ与蒸发换热器Ⅰ相连(控制热源的进入，蒸发换热器Ⅰ没有发生蒸发时关闭热源进 入)，所述控制系统分别与压缩机、液位器Ⅰ、液位开关、电磁阀Ⅰ、电磁阀Ⅱ、电动阀Ⅰ、压力开关Ⅰ相连。
利用上述机组进行低温热能回收利用的方法：
控制系统检测储液器、蒸发换热器Ⅰ的液位，开启压缩机，压缩系统内有机低沸点工质，当储液器液位达到0A，蒸发换热器Ⅰ的液位为1C时，储液器的液位开关和蒸发换热器Ⅰ内液位器Ⅰ的触点1303接通(或断开)，控制系统接收到信号，控制系统输出控制信号打开电磁阀Ⅱ，蒸发换热器Ⅰ内部压力快速下降，当压力下降到压力开关Ⅰ触发值时，压力开关Ⅰ接通(或断开)，控制系统接收到信号，控制系统输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅱ、打开电磁阀Ⅰ，储液器内中温中压的液态有机低沸点工质经电磁阀Ⅰ流入蒸发换热器Ⅰ内，当流入的液态有机低沸点工质量达到设定值1A，液位器Ⅰ的触点1301接通(或断开)，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅰ，打开电动阀Ⅰ；蒸发换热器Ⅰ内的液态有机低沸点工质吸收流经蒸发换热器Ⅰ(废热、余热、低品位热源)介质的热能进行蒸发，以保持蒸发换热器Ⅰ内的液态有机低沸点工质持续快速蒸发形成高温高压气体，所得高温高压气体通过设有单向阀Ⅰ的管道进入气动机器的进气端，气动机器将蒸气能转换为机械能，做功后的有机低沸点工质为中温气态，从气动机器的排气端通过管路直接排入储气器内，储气器中的有机低沸点工质被压缩机吸入，压缩成液态储存到储液器内，这样有机低沸点工质就进行了一次完整的由气态到液态、液态到气态的工作流程；
蒸发换热器Ⅰ内液态有机低沸点工质进行蒸发过程，液态工质不断减少，当减少到设定值1C时，液位器Ⅰ的触点1303接通(或断开)，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号打开电磁阀Ⅱ，关闭电动阀Ⅰ；蒸发换热器Ⅰ内部压力快速下降，当压力下降到压力开关Ⅰ触发值时，压力开关Ⅰ触点接通(或断开)，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅱ、打开电磁阀Ⅰ，储液器内中温中压的液态有机低沸点工质经电磁阀Ⅰ流入蒸发换热器Ⅰ内，当流入的液态有机低沸点工质量达到设定值1A，液位器Ⅰ的触点1301接通(或断开)，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅰ、打开电动阀Ⅰ；蒸发换热器Ⅰ内的液态有机低沸点工质吸收流经蒸发换热器Ⅰ(废热、余热、低温品位热源)介质的热能进行蒸发，以保持蒸发换热器Ⅰ内的液态有机低沸点工质持续快速蒸发形成高温高压气体，所得高温高压气体经设有单向阀Ⅰ的管道进入气动机器进气端，气动机器将蒸气能转换为机械能，做功后的有机低沸点工质为中温气态，从气动机器的排气端通过管路直接排入储气器内，储气器中的有机低沸点工质被压缩机吸入，压缩成液态储存到储液器内，进行循环工作；
蒸发换热器Ⅰ在非蒸发时段，废热、余热、低温品位热源介质停止进入；
蒸发换热器Ⅰ在非蒸发时段，不输出高压蒸气，气动机器停止工作。
技术方案二：一种低温热能回收利用机组，包括储气器、压缩机、储液器、蒸发换热器Ⅰ、蒸发换热器Ⅱ、气动机器、电磁阀Ⅰ、电磁阀Ⅱ、电磁阀Ⅲ、电磁阀Ⅳ、电动阀Ⅰ、电动阀Ⅱ、压力开关Ⅰ、压力开关Ⅱ、液位器Ⅰ、液位器Ⅱ、单向阀Ⅰ、单向阀Ⅱ和控制系统，所述储气器通过管路与压缩机的吸气端相连，所述压缩机的排气端通过管路与储液器的中下部相连，所述储液器的底部分别通过设有电磁阀Ⅰ的管路与蒸发换热器Ⅰ相连、通过设有电磁阀Ⅲ的管路与蒸发换热器Ⅱ相连，所述蒸发换热器Ⅰ分别通过设有电磁阀Ⅱ的管路与压缩机的吸气端相连、通过设有单向阀Ⅰ的管路与气动机器的进气端相连，所述蒸发换热器Ⅱ分别通过设有电磁阀Ⅳ的管路与压缩机的吸气端相连、通过设有单向阀Ⅱ的管路与气动机器的进气端相连，所述气动机器的排气端通过管路与储气器相连，所述压力开关Ⅰ、液位器Ⅰ安装在蒸发换热器Ⅰ内，所述储液器内设有液位开关，所述压力开关Ⅱ、液位器Ⅱ安装在蒸发换热器Ⅱ内，所述电动阀Ⅰ与蒸发换热器Ⅰ相连(控制热源的进入，蒸发换热器Ⅰ没有发生蒸发时关闭热源进入)，所述电动阀Ⅱ与蒸发换热器Ⅱ相连(控制热源的进入，蒸发换热器Ⅱ没有发生蒸发时关闭热源进入)，所述控制系统分别与压缩机、液位开关、电磁阀Ⅰ、电磁阀Ⅱ、电磁阀Ⅲ、电磁阀Ⅳ、电动阀Ⅰ、电动阀Ⅱ、压力开关Ⅰ、压力开关Ⅱ、液位器Ⅰ、液位器Ⅱ相连。
利用以上机组进行低温热能回收利用的方法：
控制系统检测储液器、蒸发换热器Ⅰ的液位，开启压缩机，压缩系统内有机低沸点工质，当储液器的液位达到0A，蒸发换热器Ⅰ的液位为1C时，储液器内的液位开关和蒸发换热器Ⅰ内液位器Ⅰ的触点1303接通(或断开)，控制系统接收到信号，控制系统输出控制信号打开电磁阀Ⅱ，蒸发换热器Ⅰ内部压力快速下降，当压力下降到压力开关Ⅰ触发值时，压力开关Ⅰ接通(或断开)，控制系统接收到信号，控制系统输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅱ、打开电磁阀Ⅰ，储液器内中温中压的液态有机低沸点工质经电磁阀Ⅰ流入蒸发换热器Ⅰ内，当流入的液态有机低沸点工质量达到设定值1A，液位器Ⅰ的触点1301接通(或断开)，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅰ，打开电动阀Ⅰ，蒸发换热器Ⅰ内的液态有机低沸点工质吸收流经蒸发换热器Ⅰ(废热、余热、低品位热源)介质的热能进行蒸发，以保持蒸发换热器Ⅰ内的液态有机低沸点工质持续快速蒸发形成高温高压气体，所得高温高压气体通过设有单向阀Ⅰ的管道进入气动机器的进气端，气动机器将蒸气能转换为机械能，做功后的有机低沸点工质为中温气态，从气动机器的排气端通过管路直接排入储气器内，储气器中的有机低沸点工质被压缩机吸入，压缩成液态储存到储液器内，这样有机低沸点工质就进行了一次完整的由气态到液态、液态到气态的工作流程；
蒸发换热器Ⅰ内液态有机低沸点工质进行蒸发过程，液态工质不断减少，当减少到设定值1B时，液位器Ⅰ的触点1302接通(或断开)，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号打 开电磁阀Ⅳ，蒸发换热器Ⅱ内部压力快速下降，当压力下降到压力开关Ⅱ触发值时，压力开关Ⅱ触点接通(或断开)，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅳ、打开电磁阀Ⅲ，储液器内中温中压的液态有机低沸点工质经电磁阀Ⅲ流入蒸发换热器Ⅱ内，当流入的液态有机低沸点工质量达到设定值2A，液位器Ⅱ的触点1401接通(或断开)，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅲ、打开电动阀Ⅱ，蒸发换热器Ⅱ内的液态有机低沸点工质吸收流经蒸发换热器Ⅱ(废热、余热、低温品位热源)介质的热能进行蒸发，以保持蒸发换热器Ⅱ内的液态有机低沸点工质持续快速蒸发形成高温高压气体，所得高温高压气体经设有单向阀Ⅱ的管道进入气动机器进气端，气动机器将蒸气能转换为机械能，做功后的有机低沸点工质为中温气态，从气动机器的排气端通过管路直接排入储气器内，储气器中的有机低沸点工质被压缩机吸入，压缩成液态储存到储液器内，进行循环工作；
当蒸发换热器Ⅱ内液态有机低沸点工质进行蒸发过程，液态工质不断减少，当减少到设定值2B时，液位器Ⅱ的触点1402接通(或断开)，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号打开电磁阀Ⅱ、关闭电动阀Ⅰ，蒸发换热器Ⅰ内部压力快速下降，当压力下降到压力开关Ⅰ触发值时，压力开关Ⅰ触点接通(或断开)，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅱ、打开电磁阀Ⅰ，储液器内中温中压的液态有机低沸点工质经电磁阀Ⅰ流入蒸发换热器Ⅰ内，当流入的液态有机低沸点工质量达到设定值1A，液位器Ⅰ的触点1301接通(或断开)，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅰ、打开电动阀Ⅰ，蒸发换热器Ⅰ内的液态有机低沸点工质吸收流经蒸发换热器Ⅰ(废热、余热、低温品位热源)介质的热能进行蒸发，以保持蒸发换热器Ⅰ内的液态有机低沸点工质快速蒸发形成高温高压气体，所得的高温高压气体经设有单向阀Ⅰ的管道进入气动机器进气端，气动机器将蒸气能转换为机械能；
储液器容量大于机组总工质液态体积；
蒸发换热器Ⅰ、蒸发换热器Ⅱ在非蒸发时段，废热、余热、低温品位热源介质停止进入；
蒸发换热器的液位由A降至B的位置，其内的液态工质蒸发所需时间T0＞蒸发换热器的液位由B降至C的位置，其内的液态工质蒸发所需时间T≥蒸发换热器液位由C至压力下降压力开关动作，储液器液态工质进入蒸发换热器达到液位A所需时间T1；
蒸发换热器Ⅰ和蒸发换热器Ⅱ轮流交替吸热蒸发，为气动机器提供高压气源，使气动机器能正常连续运转。
技术方案三：一种低温热能回收利用机组，包括储气器、压缩机、储液器、蒸发换热器Ⅰ、气动机器、电磁阀Ⅰ、电磁阀Ⅱ、电磁阀Ⅲ、电动阀Ⅰ、压力开关Ⅰ、液位器Ⅰ、单向阀Ⅰ和控制系统，所述储气器通过管路与压缩机的吸气端相连，所述压缩机的排气端 通过管路与储液器的中下部相连，所述储液器的底部通过设有电磁阀Ⅰ的管路与蒸发换热器Ⅰ相连、顶部通过设有电磁阀Ⅲ的管路与气动机器的进气端相连，所述蒸发换热器Ⅰ分别通过设有电磁阀Ⅱ的管路与压缩机的吸气端相连、通过设有单向阀Ⅰ的管路与气动机器的进气端相连，所述气动机器的排气端通过管路与储气器相连，所述储液器内设有液位开关，所述压力开关Ⅰ、液位器Ⅰ安装在蒸发换热器Ⅰ内，所述电动阀Ⅰ与蒸发换热器Ⅰ相连(控制热源的进入，蒸发换热器Ⅰ没有发生蒸发时关闭热源进入)，所述控制系统分别与压缩机、液位开关、电磁阀Ⅰ、电磁阀Ⅱ、电磁阀Ⅲ、电动阀Ⅰ、压力开关Ⅰ、液位器Ⅰ相连。
利用以上机组进行低温热能回收利用的方法：
控制系统检测储液器、蒸发换热器Ⅰ的液位，开启压缩机，压缩系统内有机低沸点工质，当储液器的液位达到0A，蒸发换热器Ⅰ的液位为1C时，储液器的液位开关和蒸发换热器Ⅰ内液位器Ⅰ的触点1303接通(或断开)，控制系统接收到信号，控制系统输出控制信号打开电磁阀Ⅱ，蒸发换热器Ⅰ内部压力快速下降，当压力下降到压力开关Ⅰ触发值时，压力开关Ⅰ接通，控制系统接收到信号，控制系统输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅱ、打开电磁阀Ⅰ，储液器内中温中压的液态有机低沸点工质经电磁阀Ⅰ流入蒸发换热器Ⅰ内，当流入的液态有机低沸点工质量达到设定值1A，液位器Ⅰ的触点1301接通(或断开)，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅰ、打开电动阀Ⅰ；蒸发换热器Ⅰ内的液态有机低沸点工质吸收流经蒸发换热器Ⅰ(废热、余热、低品位热源)介质的热能进行蒸发，以保持蒸发换热器Ⅰ内的液态有机低沸点工质持续快速蒸发形成高温高压气体，所得的高温高压气体通过设有单向阀Ⅰ的管道进入气动机器的进气端，气动机器将蒸气能转换为机械能，做功后的工质有机低沸点为中温气态，从气动机器的排气端通过管路直接排入储气器内，储气器中的有机低沸点工质被压缩机吸入，压缩成液态储存到储液器内，这样有机低沸点工质就进行了一次完整的由气态到液态、液态到气态的工作流程；
蒸发换热器Ⅰ内液态有机低沸点工质进行蒸发过程，液态工质不断减少，当减少到设定值1C时，液位器Ⅰ的触点1303接通(或断开)，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号打开电磁阀Ⅱ和电磁阀Ⅲ，储液器内顶部的中温中压气态工质通过电磁阀Ⅲ和直管进入气动机器的进气端，气动机器将蒸气能转换为机械能，同时蒸发换热器Ⅰ内部压力快速下降，当压力下降到压力开关Ⅰ触发值时，压力开关Ⅰ触点接通(或断开)，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅱ、打开电磁阀Ⅰ，储液器内中温中压的液态有机低沸点工质经电磁阀Ⅰ流入蒸发换热器Ⅰ内，当流入的液态有机低沸点工质量达到设定值1A，液位器Ⅰ的触点1301接通(或断开)，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅰ和电磁阀Ⅲ，打开电动阀Ⅰ，蒸发换热器Ⅰ内的液态有机低沸点工质吸收流经蒸发换热器Ⅰ(废 热、余热、低温品位热源)介质的热能进行蒸发，以保持蒸发换热器Ⅰ内的液态有机低沸点工质持续快速蒸发形成高温高压气体，所得的高温高压气体经设有单向阀Ⅰ的管道进入气动机器进气端，气动机器将蒸气能转换为机械能，做功后的有机低沸点工质为中温气态，从气动机器的排气端通过管路直接排入储气器内，储气器中的有机低沸点工质被压缩机吸入，压缩成液态储存到储液器内，进行循环工作；
蒸发换热器Ⅰ在非蒸发时段，废热、余热、低温品位热源介质停止进入；
蒸发换热器Ⅰ在非蒸发时段，储液器内的中温中压气体直接推动气动机器工作。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点是：热能回收利用率高，对热源温度要求低(可低至室温)，设备投资小，小量、微量的热源能进行回收利用，热回收应用不受限。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例2的结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例3的结构示意图；
图中：1-储气器，2-压缩机，3-储液器，4-蒸发换热器Ⅰ，5-蒸发换热器Ⅱ，6-气动机器，7-电磁阀Ⅰ，8-电磁阀Ⅱ，9-电磁阀Ⅲ，10-电磁阀Ⅳ，11-压力开关Ⅰ，12-压力开关Ⅱ，13-液位器Ⅰ，14-液位器Ⅱ，15-单向阀Ⅰ，16-单向阀Ⅱ。
具体实施方式
在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“设置”、“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
以下结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
参照图1，本实施例包括储气器1、压缩机2、储液器3、蒸发换热器Ⅰ4、气动机器6、电动阀Ⅰ(图中未示出)、电磁阀Ⅰ7、电磁阀Ⅱ8、压力开关Ⅰ11、液位器Ⅰ13、单向阀Ⅰ15和控制系统，所述储气器1通过管路与压缩机2的吸气端相连，所述压缩机2的排气端通过管路与储液器3的中下部相连，所述储液器3的底部通过设有电磁阀Ⅰ7的管路与蒸发换热器Ⅰ4相连，所述蒸发换热器Ⅰ4分别通过设有电磁阀Ⅱ8的管路与压缩机2的吸气端相连、通过设有单向阀Ⅰ15的管路与气动机器6的进气端相连，所述气动机器6的排气端通过管路与储气器1相连，所述储液器3内设有液位开关，所述压力开关Ⅰ11、液位器Ⅰ13安装在蒸发换热器Ⅰ4内，所述电动阀Ⅰ与蒸发换热器Ⅰ4相连(控制热源的进入，蒸发换 热器Ⅰ没有发生蒸发时关闭热源进入)，所述控制系统分别与压缩机2、液位器Ⅰ13、液位开关、电磁阀Ⅰ7、电磁阀Ⅱ8、电动阀Ⅰ、压力开关Ⅰ11相连。
利用上述机组进行低温热能回收利用的方法：
控制系统检测储液器3、蒸发换热器Ⅰ4的液位，开启压缩机2，压缩系统内有机低沸点工质，当储液器3液位达到0A，蒸发换热器Ⅰ4的液位为1C时，储液器3的液位开关和蒸发换热器Ⅰ4内液位器Ⅰ13的触点1303接通，控制系统接收到信号，控制系统输出控制信号打开电磁阀Ⅱ8，蒸发换热器Ⅰ4内部压力快速下降，当压力下降到压力开关Ⅰ11触发值时，压力开关Ⅰ11接通，控制系统接收到信号，控制系统输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅱ8、打开电磁阀Ⅰ7，储液器3内中温中压的液态有机低沸点工质经电磁阀Ⅰ7流入蒸发换热器Ⅰ4内，当流入的液态有机低沸点工质量达到设定值1A，液位器Ⅰ13的触点1301接通，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅰ7，打开电动阀Ⅰ；蒸发换热器Ⅰ4内的液态有机低沸点工质吸收流经蒸发换热器Ⅰ4(废热、余热、低品位热源)介质的热能进行蒸发，以保持蒸发换热器Ⅰ4内的液态有机低沸点工质持续快速蒸发形成高温高压气体，所得高温高压气体通过设有单向阀Ⅰ15的管道进入气动机器6的进气端，气动机器6将蒸气能转换为机械能，做功后的有机低沸点工质为中温气态，从气动机器6的排气端通过管路直接排入储气器1内，储气器1中的有机低沸点工质被压缩机2吸入，压缩成液态储存到储液器3内，循环使用；这样有机低沸点工质就进行了一次完整的由气态到液态、液态到气态的工作流程；
蒸发换热器Ⅰ4内液态有机低沸点工质进行蒸发过程，液态工质不断减少，当减少到设定值1C时，液位器Ⅰ13的触点1303接通，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号打开电磁阀Ⅱ8，关闭电动阀Ⅰ，蒸发换热器Ⅰ4内部压力快速下降，当压力下降到压力开关Ⅰ11触发值时，压力开关Ⅰ11触点接通，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅱ8、打开电磁阀Ⅰ7，储液器3内中温中压的液态有机低沸点工质经电磁阀Ⅰ7流入蒸发换热器Ⅰ4内，当流入的液态有机低沸点工质量达到设定值1A，液位器Ⅰ13的触点1301接通，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅰ7、打开电动阀Ⅰ，蒸发换热器Ⅰ4内的液态有机低沸点工质吸收流经蒸发换热器Ⅰ4(废热、余热、低温品位热源)介质的热能进行蒸发，以保持蒸发换热器Ⅰ4内的液态有机低沸点工质持续快速蒸发形成高温高压气体，所得高温高压气体经设有单向阀Ⅰ15的管道进入气动机器6进气端，气动机器6将蒸气能转换为机械能，做功后的有机低沸点工质为中温气态，从气动机器6的排气端通过管路直接排入储气器1内，储气器1中的有机低沸点工质被压缩机2吸入，压缩成液态储存到储液器3内，进行循环工作；
蒸发换热器Ⅰ4在非蒸发时段，废热、余热、低温品位热源介质停止进入；
蒸发换热器Ⅰ4在非蒸发时段，不输出高压蒸气，气动机器6停止工作。
实施例2
参照图2，本实施例包括储气器1、压缩机2、储液器3、蒸发换热器Ⅰ4、蒸发换热器Ⅱ5、气动机器6、电磁阀Ⅰ7、电磁阀Ⅱ8、电磁阀Ⅲ9、电磁阀Ⅳ10、电动阀Ⅰ(图中未示出)、电动阀Ⅱ(图中未示出)、压力开关Ⅰ11、压力开关Ⅱ12、液位器Ⅰ13、液位器Ⅱ14、单向阀Ⅰ15、单向阀Ⅱ16和控制系统，所述储气器1通过管路与压缩机2的吸气端相连，所述压缩机2的排气端通过管路与储液器3的中下部相连，所述储液器3的底部分别通过设有电磁阀Ⅰ7的管路与蒸发换热器Ⅰ4相连、通过设有电磁阀Ⅲ9的管路与蒸发换热器Ⅱ5相连，所述蒸发换热器Ⅰ4分别通过设有电磁阀Ⅱ8的管路与压缩机2的吸气端相连、通过设有单向阀Ⅰ15的管路与气动机器6的进气端相连，所述蒸发换热器Ⅱ5分别通过设有电磁阀Ⅳ10的管路与压缩机2的吸气端相连、通过设有单向阀Ⅱ16的管路与气动机器6的进气端相连，所述气动机器6的排气端通过管路与储气器1相连，所述压力开关Ⅰ11、液位器Ⅰ13安装在蒸发换热器Ⅰ4内，所述储液器3内设有液位开关，所述压力开关Ⅱ12、液位器Ⅱ14安装在蒸发换热器Ⅱ5内，所述电动阀Ⅰ与蒸发换热器Ⅰ4相连(控制热源的进入，蒸发换热器Ⅰ没有发生蒸发时关闭热源进入)，所述电动阀Ⅱ与蒸发换热器Ⅱ5相连(控制热源的进入，蒸发换热器Ⅱ没有发生蒸发时关闭热源进入)，所述控制系统分别与压缩机、液位开关、电磁阀Ⅰ7、电磁阀Ⅱ8、电磁阀Ⅲ9、电磁阀Ⅳ10、电动阀Ⅰ、电动阀Ⅱ、压力开关Ⅰ11、压力开关Ⅱ12、液位器Ⅰ13、液位器Ⅱ14相连。
利用以上机组进行低温热能回收利用的方法：
控制系统检测储液器3、蒸发换热器Ⅰ4的液位，开启压缩机2，压缩系统内有机低沸点工质，当储液器3的液位达到0A，蒸发换热器Ⅰ4的液位为1C时，储液器3内的液位开关和蒸发换热器Ⅰ4内液位器Ⅰ13的触点1303接通，控制系统接收到信号，控制系统输出控制信号打开电磁阀Ⅱ8，蒸发换热器Ⅰ4内部压力快速下降，当压力下降到压力开关Ⅰ11触发值时，压力开关Ⅰ11接通，控制系统接收到信号，控制系统输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅱ8、打开电磁阀Ⅰ7，储液器3内中温中压的液态有机低沸点工质经电磁阀Ⅰ7流入蒸发换热器Ⅰ4内，当流入的液态有机低沸点工质量达到设定值1A，液位器Ⅰ13的触点1301接通，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅰ7，打开电动阀Ⅰ，蒸发换热器Ⅰ4内的液态有机低沸点工质吸收流经蒸发换热器Ⅰ4(废热、余热、低品位热源)介质的热能进行蒸发，以保持蒸发换热器Ⅰ4内的液态有机低沸点工质持续快速蒸发形成高温高压气体，所得高温高压气体通过设有单向阀Ⅰ15的管道进入气动机器6的进气端，气动机器6将蒸气能转换为机械能，做功后的有机低沸点工质为中温气态，从气动机器6的排气端通过管路直接排入储气器1内，储气器1中的有机低沸点工质被压缩机2吸入，压缩成液态 储存到储液器3内，循环使用；这样有机低沸点工质就进行了一次完整的由气态到液态、液态到气态的工作流程；
蒸发换热器Ⅰ4内液态有机低沸点工质进行蒸发过程，液态工质不断减少，当减少到设定值1B时，液位器Ⅰ13的触点1302接通，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号打开电磁阀Ⅳ10，蒸发换热器Ⅱ5内部压力快速下降，当压力下降到压力开关Ⅱ12触发值时，压力开关Ⅱ12触点接通，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅳ10、打开电磁阀Ⅲ9，储液器3内中温中压的液态有机低沸点工质经电磁阀Ⅲ9流入蒸发换热器Ⅱ5内，当流入的液态有机低沸点工质量达到设定值2A，液位器Ⅱ14的触点1401接通，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅲ9、打开电动阀Ⅱ，蒸发换热器Ⅱ5内的液态有机低沸点工质吸收流经蒸发换热器Ⅱ5(废热、余热、低温品位热源)介质的热能进行蒸发，以保持蒸发换热器Ⅱ5内的液态有机低沸点工质持续快速蒸发形成高温高压气体，所得高温高压气体经设有单向阀Ⅱ16的管道进入气动机器6进气端，气动机器6输出机械能；做功后的有机低沸点工质为中温气态，从气动机器6的排气端通过管路直接排入储气器1内，储气器1中的有机低沸点工质被压缩机2吸入，压缩成液态储存到储液器3内，进行循环工作；
当蒸发换热器Ⅱ5内液态有机低沸点工质进行蒸发过程，液态工质不断减少，当减少到设定值2B时，液位器Ⅱ14的触点1402接通，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号打开电磁阀Ⅱ8、关闭电动阀Ⅰ，蒸发换热器Ⅰ4内部压力快速下降，当压力下降到压力开关Ⅰ11触发值时，压力开关Ⅰ11触点接通，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅱ8、打开电磁阀Ⅰ7，储液器3内中温中压的液态有机低沸点工质经电磁阀Ⅰ7流入蒸发换热器Ⅰ4内，当流入的液态有机低沸点工质量达到设定值1A，液位器Ⅰ13的触点1301接通，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅰ7、打开电动阀Ⅰ，蒸发换热器Ⅰ4内的液态有机低沸点工质吸收流经蒸发换热器Ⅰ4(废热、余热、低温品位热源)介质的热能进行蒸发，以保持蒸发换热器Ⅰ4内的液态有机低沸点工质快速蒸发形成高温高压气体，所得的高温高压气体经设有单向阀Ⅰ15的管道进入气动机器6进气端，气动机器6将蒸气能转换为机械能；
储液器3容量大于机组总工质液态体积；
蒸发换热器Ⅰ4、蒸发换热器Ⅱ5在非蒸发时段，废热、余热、低温品位热源介质停止进入；
蒸发换热器的液位由A降至B的位置，其内的液态工质蒸发所需时间T0＞蒸发换热器的液位由B降至C的位置，其内的液态工质蒸发所需时间T≥蒸发换热器液位由C至压力下降压力开关动作，储液器3液态工质进入蒸发换热器达到液位A所需时间T1；
蒸发换热器Ⅰ4和蒸发换热器Ⅱ5轮流交替吸热蒸发，为气动机器6提供高压气源，使 气动机器6能正常连续运转。
当然，本实施例蒸发换热器也可以由3个以上的数量组成.
实施例3
参照图3，本实施例包括储气器1、压缩机2、储液器3、蒸发换热器Ⅰ4、气动机器6、电磁阀Ⅰ7、电磁阀Ⅱ8、电磁阀Ⅲ9、电动阀Ⅰ、压力开关Ⅰ11、液位器Ⅰ13、单向阀Ⅰ15和控制系统，所述储气器1通过管路与压缩机2的吸气端相连，所述压缩机2的排气端通过管路与储液器3的中下部相连，所述储液器3的底部通过设有电磁阀Ⅰ7的管路与蒸发换热器Ⅰ4相连、顶部通过设有电磁阀Ⅲ9的管路与气动机器6的进气端相连，所述蒸发换热器Ⅰ4分别通过设有电磁阀Ⅱ8的管路与压缩机2的吸气端相连、通过设有单向阀Ⅰ15的管路与气动机器6的进气端相连，所述气动机器6的排气端通过管路与储气器1相连，所述储液器3内设有液位开关，所述压力开关Ⅰ11、液位器Ⅰ13安装在蒸发换热器Ⅰ4内，所述电动阀Ⅰ与蒸发换热器Ⅰ4相连(控制热源的进入，蒸发换热器Ⅰ没有发生蒸发时关闭热源进入)，所述控制系统分别与压缩机2、液位开关、电磁阀Ⅰ7、电磁阀Ⅱ8、电磁阀Ⅲ9、电动阀Ⅰ、压力开关Ⅰ11、液位器Ⅰ13相连。
利用以上机组进行低温热能回收利用的方法：
控制系统检测储液器3、蒸发换热器Ⅰ4的液位，开启压缩机2，压缩系统内有机低沸点工质，当储液器3的液位达到0A，蒸发换热器Ⅰ4的液位为1C时，储液器3的液位开关和蒸发换热器Ⅰ4内液位器Ⅰ13的触点1303接通，控制系统接收到信号，控制系统输出控制信号打开电磁阀Ⅱ8，蒸发换热器Ⅰ4内部压力快速下降，当压力下降到压力开关Ⅰ11触发值时，压力开关Ⅰ11接通，控制系统接收到信号，控制系统输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅱ8、打开电磁阀Ⅰ7，储液器3内中温中压的液态有机低沸点工质经电磁阀Ⅰ7流入蒸发换热器Ⅰ4内，当流入的液态有机低沸点工质量达到设定值1A，液位器Ⅰ13的触点1301接通，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅰ7、打开电动阀Ⅰ，蒸发换热器Ⅰ4内的液态有机低沸点工质吸收流经蒸发换热器Ⅰ4(废热、余热、低品位热源)介质的热能进行蒸发，以保持蒸发换热器Ⅰ4内的液态有机低沸点工质持续快速蒸发形成高温高压气体，所得的高温高压气体通过设有单向阀Ⅰ15的管道进入气动机器6的进气端，气动机器6将蒸气能转换为机械能，做功后的有机低沸点工质为中温气态，从气动机器6的排气端通过管路直接排入储气器1内，储气器1中的有机低沸点工质被压缩机2吸入，压缩成液态储存到储液器3内，循环使用；这样有机低沸点工质就进行了一次完整的由气态到液态、液态到气态的工作流程；
蒸发换热器Ⅰ4内液态有机低沸点工质进行蒸发过程，液态工质不断减少，当减少到设定值1C时，液位器Ⅰ13的触点1303接通，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号打开电磁 阀Ⅱ8和电磁阀Ⅲ9，储液器3内顶部的中温中压气态工质通过电磁阀Ⅲ9和直管进入气动机器6的进气端，气动机器6将蒸气能转换为机械能，同时蒸发换热器Ⅰ4内部压力快速下降，当压力下降到压力开关Ⅰ11触发值时，压力开关Ⅰ11触点接通，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅱ8、打开电磁阀Ⅰ7，储液器3内中温中压的液态有机低沸点工质经电磁阀Ⅰ7流入蒸发换热器Ⅰ4内，当流入的液态有机低沸点工质量达到设定值1A，液位器Ⅰ13的触点1301接通，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅰ7和电磁阀Ⅲ9，打开电动阀Ⅰ，蒸发换热器Ⅰ4内的液态有机低沸点工质吸收流经蒸发换热器Ⅰ4(废热、余热、低温品位热源)介质的热能进行蒸发，以保持蒸发换热器Ⅰ4内的液态有机低沸点工质持续快速蒸发形成高温高压气体，所得的高温高压气体经设有单向阀Ⅰ15的管道进入气动机器6进气端，气动机器6将蒸气能转换为机械能，做功后的有机低沸点工质为中温气态，从气动机器6的排气端通过管路直接排入储气器1内，储气器1中的有机低沸点工质被压缩机2吸入，压缩成液态储存到储液器3内，进行循环工作；
蒸发换热器Ⅰ4在非蒸发时段，废热、余热、低温品位热源介质停止进入；
蒸发换热器Ⅰ4在非蒸发时段，储液器3内的中温中压气体直接推动气动机器6工作。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种低温热能回收利用机组，其特征在于：包括储气器、压缩机、储液器、蒸发换热器Ⅰ、气动机器、电磁阀Ⅰ、电磁阀Ⅱ、电动阀Ⅰ、压力开关Ⅰ、液位器Ⅰ、单向阀Ⅰ和控制系统，所述储气器通过管路与压缩机的吸气端相连，所述压缩机的排气端通过管路与储液器的中下部相连，所述储液器的底部通过设有电磁阀Ⅰ的管路与蒸发换热器Ⅰ相连，所述蒸发换热器Ⅰ分别通过设有电磁阀Ⅱ的管路与压缩机的吸气端相连、通过设有单向阀Ⅰ的管路与气动机器的进气端相连，所述气动机器的排气端通过管路与储气器相连，所述储液器内设有液位开关，所述压力开关Ⅰ、液位器Ⅰ安装在蒸发换热器Ⅰ内，所述电动阀Ⅰ与蒸发换热器Ⅰ相连，所述控制系统分别与压缩机、液位器Ⅰ、液位开关、电磁阀Ⅰ、电磁阀Ⅱ、电动阀I、压力开关Ⅰ相连。
  2. 一种利用权利要求1所述机组进行低温热能回收利用的方法，其特征在于：
    控制系统检测储液器、蒸发换热器Ⅰ的液位，开启压缩机，压缩系统内有机低沸点工质，当储液器液位达到0A，蒸发换热器Ⅰ的液位为1C时，储液器的液位开关和蒸发换热器Ⅰ内液位器Ⅰ的触点1303接通或断开，控制系统接收到信号，控制系统输出控制信号打开电磁阀Ⅱ，蒸发换热器Ⅰ内部压力快速下降，当压力下降到压力开关Ⅰ触发值时，压力开关Ⅰ接通或断开，控制系统接收到信号，控制系统输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅱ、打开电磁阀Ⅰ，储液器内中温中压的液态有机低沸点工质经电磁阀Ⅰ流入蒸发换热器Ⅰ内，当流入的液态有机低沸点工质量达到设定值1A，液位器Ⅰ的触点1301接通或断开，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅰ，打开电动阀Ⅰ；蒸发换热器Ⅰ内的液态有机低沸点工质吸收流经蒸发换热器Ⅰ介质的热能进行蒸发，以保持蒸发换热器Ⅰ内的液态有机低沸点工质持续快速蒸发形成高温高压气体，所得高温高压气体通过设有单向阀Ⅰ的管道进入气动机器的进气端，气动机器将蒸气能转换为机械能，做功后的有机低沸点工质为中温气态，从气动机器的排气端通过管路直接排入储气器内，储气器中的有机低沸点工质被压缩机吸入，压缩成液态储存到储液器内，循环使用；这样有机低沸点工质就进行了一次完整的由气态到液态、液态到气态的工作流程；
    蒸发换热器Ⅰ内液态有机低沸点工质进行蒸发过程，液态工质不断减少，当减少到设定值1C时，液位器Ⅰ的触点1303接通或断开，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号打开电磁阀Ⅱ，关闭电动阀Ⅰ；蒸发换热器Ⅰ内部压力快速下降，当压力下降到压力开关Ⅰ触发值时，压力开关Ⅰ触点接通或断开，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅱ、打开电磁阀Ⅰ，储液器内中温中压的液态有机低沸点工质经电磁 阀Ⅰ流入蒸发换热器Ⅰ内，当流入的液态有机低沸点工质量达到设定值1A，液位器Ⅰ的触点1301接通或断开，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅰ、打开电动阀Ⅰ；蒸发换热器Ⅰ内的液态有机低沸点工质吸收流经蒸发换热器Ⅰ介质的热能进行蒸发，以保持蒸发换热器Ⅰ内的液态有机低沸点工质持续快速蒸发形成高温高压气体，所得高温高压气体经设有单向阀Ⅰ的管道进入气动机器进气端，气动机器将蒸气能转换为机械能，做功后的有机低沸点工质为中温气态，从气动机器的排气端通过管路直接排入储气器内，储气器中的有机低沸点工质被压缩机吸入，压缩成液态储存到储液器内，进行循环工作；
    蒸发换热器Ⅰ在非蒸发时段，废热、余热、低温品位热源介质停止进入；
    蒸发换热器Ⅰ在非蒸发时段，不输出高压蒸气，气动机器停止工作。
  3. 一种低温热能回收利用机组，其特征在于：包括储气器、压缩机、储液器、蒸发换热器Ⅰ、蒸发换热器Ⅱ、气动机器、电磁阀Ⅰ、电磁阀Ⅱ、电磁阀Ⅲ、电磁阀Ⅳ、电动阀Ⅰ、电动阀Ⅱ、压力开关Ⅰ、压力开关Ⅱ、液位器Ⅰ、液位器Ⅱ、单向阀Ⅰ、单向阀Ⅱ和控制系统，所述储气器通过管路与压缩机的吸气端相连，所述压缩机的排气端通过管路与储液器的中下部相连，所述储液器的底部分别通过设有电磁阀Ⅰ的管路与蒸发换热器Ⅰ相连、通过设有电磁阀Ⅲ的管路与蒸发换热器Ⅱ相连，所述蒸发换热器Ⅰ分别通过设有电磁阀Ⅱ的管路与压缩机的吸气端相连、通过设有单向阀Ⅰ的管路与气动机器的进气端相连，所述蒸发换热器Ⅱ分别通过设有电磁阀Ⅳ的管路与压缩机的吸气端相连、通过设有单向阀Ⅱ的管路与气动机器的进气端相连，所述气动机器的排气端通过管路与储气器相连，所述压力开关Ⅰ、液位器Ⅰ安装在蒸发换热器Ⅰ内，所述储液器内设有液位开关，所述压力开关Ⅱ、液位器Ⅱ安装在蒸发换热器Ⅱ内，所述电动阀Ⅰ与蒸发换热器Ⅰ相连，所述电动阀Ⅱ与蒸发换热器Ⅱ相连，所述控制系统分别与压缩机、液位开关、电磁阀Ⅰ、电磁阀Ⅱ、电磁阀Ⅲ、电磁阀Ⅳ、电动阀Ⅰ、电动阀Ⅱ、压力开关Ⅰ、压力开关Ⅱ、液位器Ⅰ、液位器Ⅱ相连。
  4. 一种利用权利要求3所述机组进行低温热能回收利用的方法，其特征在于：
    控制系统检测储液器、蒸发换热器Ⅰ的液位，开启压缩机，压缩系统内有机低沸点工质，当储液器的液位达到0A，蒸发换热器Ⅰ的液位为1C时，储液器内的液位开关和蒸发换热器Ⅰ内液位器Ⅰ的触点1303接通或断开，控制系统接收到信号，控制系统输出控制信号打开电磁阀Ⅱ，蒸发换热器Ⅰ内部压力快速下降，当压力下降到压力开关Ⅰ触发值时，压力开关Ⅰ接通或断开，控制系统接收到信号，控制系统输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅱ、打开电磁阀Ⅰ，储液器内中温中压的液态有机低沸点工质经电磁阀Ⅰ流入蒸发换热器Ⅰ内，当流入的液态有机低沸点工质量达到设定值1A，液位器Ⅰ 的触点1301接通或断开，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅰ，打开电动阀Ⅰ，蒸发换热器Ⅰ内的液态有机低沸点工质吸收流经蒸发换热器Ⅰ介质的热能进行蒸发，以保持蒸发换热器Ⅰ内的液态有机低沸点工质持续快速蒸发形成高温高压气体，所得高温高压气体通过设有单向阀Ⅰ的管道进入气动机器的进气端，气动机器将蒸气能转换为机械能，做功后的有机低沸点工质为中温气态，从气动机器的排气端通过管路直接排入储气器内，储气器中的有机低沸点工质被压缩机吸入，压缩成液态储存到储液器内，循环使用；这样有机低沸点工质就进行了一次完整的由气态到液态、液态到气态的工作流程；
    蒸发换热器Ⅰ内液态有机低沸点工质进行蒸发过程，液态工质不断减少，当减少到设定值1B时，液位器Ⅰ的触点1302接通或断开，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号打开电磁阀Ⅳ，蒸发换热器Ⅱ内部压力快速下降，当压力下降到压力开关Ⅱ触发值时，压力开关Ⅱ触点接通或断开，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅳ、打开电磁阀Ⅲ，储液器内中温中压的液态有机低沸点工质经电磁阀Ⅲ流入蒸发换热器Ⅱ内，当流入的液态有机低沸点工质量达到设定值2A，液位器Ⅱ的触点1401接通或断开，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅲ、打开电动阀Ⅱ，蒸发换热器Ⅱ内的液态有机低沸点工质吸收流经蒸发换热器Ⅱ介质的热能进行蒸发，以保持蒸发换热器Ⅱ内的液态有机低沸点工质持续快速蒸发形成高温高压气体，所得高温高压气体经设有单向阀Ⅱ的管道进入气动机器进气端，气动机器将蒸气能转换为机械能，做功后的有机低沸点工质为中温气态，从气动机器的排气端通过管路直接排入储气器内，储气器中的有机低沸点工质被压缩机吸入，压缩成液态储存到储液器内，进行循环工作；
    当蒸发换热器Ⅱ内液态有机低沸点工质进行蒸发过程，液态工质不断减少，当减少到设定值2B时，液位器Ⅱ的触点1402接通或断开，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号打开电磁阀Ⅱ、关闭电动阀Ⅰ，蒸发换热器Ⅰ内部压力快速下降，当压力下降到压力开关Ⅰ触发值时，压力开关Ⅰ触点接通或断开，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅱ、打开电磁阀Ⅰ，储液器内中温中压的液态有机低沸点工质经电磁阀Ⅰ流入蒸发换热器Ⅰ内，当流入的液态有机低沸点工质量达到设定值1A，液位器Ⅰ的触点1301接通或断开，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅰ、打开电动阀Ⅰ，蒸发换热器Ⅰ内的液态有机低沸点工质吸收流经蒸发换热器Ⅰ介质的热能进行蒸发，以保持蒸发换热器Ⅰ内的液态有机低沸点工质快速蒸发形成高温高压气体，所得的高温高压气体经设有单向阀Ⅰ的管道进入气动机器进气端，气动机器将蒸气能转换为机械能；
    储液器容量大于机组总工质液态体积；
    蒸发换热器Ⅰ、蒸发换热器Ⅱ在非蒸发时段，废热、余热、低温品位热源介质停止进入；
    蒸发换热器的液位由A降至B的位置，其内的液态工质蒸发所需时间T0＞蒸发换热器的液位由B降至C的位置，其内的液态工质蒸发所需时间T≥蒸发换热器液位由C至压力下降压力开关动作，储液器液态工质进入蒸发换热器达到液位A所需时间T1；
    蒸发换热器Ⅰ和蒸发换热器Ⅱ轮流交替吸热蒸发，为气动机器提供高压气源，使气动机器能正常连续运转。
  5. 一种低温热能回收利用机组，其特征在于：包括储气器、压缩机、储液器、蒸发换热器Ⅰ、气动机器、电磁阀Ⅰ、电磁阀Ⅱ、电磁阀Ⅲ、电动阀Ⅰ、压力开关Ⅰ、液位器Ⅰ、单向阀Ⅰ和控制系统，所述储气器通过管路与压缩机的吸气端相连，所述压缩机的排气端通过管路与储液器的中下部相连，所述储液器的底部通过设有电磁阀Ⅰ的管路与蒸发换热器Ⅰ相连、顶部通过设有电磁阀Ⅲ的管路与气动机器的进气端相连，所述蒸发换热器Ⅰ分别通过设有电磁阀Ⅱ的管路与压缩机的吸气端相连、通过设有单向阀Ⅰ的管路与气动机器的进气端相连，所述气动机器的排气端通过管路与储气器相连，所述储液器内设有液位开关，所述压力开关Ⅰ、液位器Ⅰ安装在蒸发换热器Ⅰ内，所述电动阀Ⅰ与蒸发换热器Ⅰ相连，所述控制系统分别与压缩机、液位开关、电磁阀Ⅰ、电磁阀Ⅱ、电磁阀Ⅲ、电动阀Ⅰ、压力开关Ⅰ、液位器Ⅰ相连。
  6. 一种利用权利要求5所述机组进行低温热能回收利用的方法，其特征在于：
    控制系统检测储液器、蒸发换热器Ⅰ的液位，开启压缩机，压缩系统内有机低沸点工质，当储液器的液位达到0A，蒸发换热器Ⅰ的液位为1C时，储液器的液位开关和蒸发换热器Ⅰ内液位器Ⅰ的触点1303接通或断开，控制系统接收到信号，控制系统输出控制信号打开电磁阀Ⅱ，蒸发换热器Ⅰ内部压力快速下降，当压力下降到压力开关Ⅰ触发值时，压力开关Ⅰ接通或断开，控制系统接收到信号，控制系统输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅱ、打开电磁阀Ⅰ，储液器内中温中压的液态有机低沸点工质经电磁阀Ⅰ流入蒸发换热器Ⅰ内，当流入的液态有机低沸点工质量达到设定值1A，液位器Ⅰ的触点1301接通或断开，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅰ、打开电动阀Ⅰ，蒸发换热器Ⅰ内的液态有机低沸点工质吸收流经蒸发换热器Ⅰ介质的热能进行蒸发，以保持蒸发换热器Ⅰ内的液态有机低沸点工质持续快速蒸发形成高温高压气体，所得的高温高压气体通过设有单向阀Ⅰ的管道进入气动机器的进气端，气动机器将蒸气能转换为机械能，做功后的工质有机低沸点为中温气态，从气动机器的排气端通过管路直接排入储气器内，储气器中的有机低沸点工质被压缩机吸入，压缩成液态储存 到储液器内，循环使用；这样有机低沸点工质就进行了一次完整的由气态到液态、液态到气态的工作流程；
    蒸发换热器Ⅰ内液态有机低沸点工质进行蒸发过程，液态工质不断减少，当减少到设定值1C时，液位器Ⅰ的触点1303接通或断开，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号打开电磁阀Ⅱ和电磁阀Ⅲ，储液器内顶部的中温中压气态工质通过电磁阀Ⅲ和直管进入气动机器的进气端，气动机器将蒸气能转换为机械能，同时蒸发换热器Ⅰ内部压力快速下降，当压力下降到压力开关Ⅰ触发值时，压力开关Ⅰ触点接通或断开，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅱ、打开电磁阀Ⅰ，储液器内中温中压的液态有机低沸点工质经电磁阀Ⅰ流入蒸发换热器Ⅰ内，当流入的液态有机低沸点工质量达到设定值1A，液位器Ⅰ的触点1301接通或断开，控制系统检测到信号后输出控制信号关闭电磁阀Ⅰ和电磁阀Ⅲ，打开电动阀Ⅰ，蒸发换热器Ⅰ内的液态有机低沸点工质吸收流经蒸发换热器Ⅰ介质的热能进行蒸发，以保持蒸发换热器Ⅰ内的液态有机低沸点工质持续快速蒸发形成高温高压气体，所得的高温高压气体经设有单向阀Ⅰ的管道进入气动机器进气端，气动机器将蒸气能转换为机械能，做功后的有机低沸点工质为中温气态，从气动机器的排气端通过管路直接排入储气器内，储气器中的有机低沸点工质被压缩机吸入，压缩成液态储存到储液器内，进行循环工作；
    蒸发换热器Ⅰ在非蒸发时段，废热、余热、低温品位热源介质停止进入；
    蒸发换热器Ⅰ在非蒸发时段，储液器内的中温中压气体直接推动气动机器工作。
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