WO2017152663A1 - 一种激光3d成形弯曲结构件的方法 - Google Patents
一种激光3d成形弯曲结构件的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017152663A1 WO2017152663A1 PCT/CN2016/107267 CN2016107267W WO2017152663A1 WO 2017152663 A1 WO2017152663 A1 WO 2017152663A1 CN 2016107267 W CN2016107267 W CN 2016107267W WO 2017152663 A1 WO2017152663 A1 WO 2017152663A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
- B22F5/106—Tube or ring forms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the field of laser cladding rapid prototyping technology, and in particular relates to a laser 3D forming method for bending a structural member.
- Laser cladding rapid prototyping technology is a new technology developed on the basis of laser cladding technology and rapid prototyping technology in the mid-to-late 1990s. It combines the advantages of laser cladding technology and rapid prototyping technology. It can directly manufacture various complex metal parts without tools and molds. It has complex forming parts, excellent microstructure, wide range of processing materials and high degree of flexibility. The unique advantages of lower cost have received wide attention from the industry.
- the shaped parts produced by the spatial real-time variable attitude method have the advantages of good surface quality, high forming efficiency, and unrestricted size of the formed parts. Therefore, when laser cladding of a molded article having a curved feature is performed, a method of spatially changing the posture in real time is preferentially selected.
- the spatial real-time variable attitude refers to the need to change the attitude of the optical head in real time when the laser rapidly shapes the curved surface, so that the axial direction of the optical head is always perpendicular to the tangential direction of the contour of the forming part.
- the structural member has a certain thickness in the direction of the bending radius, there is a certain difference in the required growth amount of the inner and outer walls of the structural member, and the difference and the bending curvature and bending of the curved structural member
- the thickness of the structural member is related.
- the difference can be compensated by the self-healing mechanism of laser rapid prototyping.
- the self-healing mechanism cannot be automatically compensated, and it is difficult to form the curved structural member.
- the present invention provides a laser 3D forming curved structural member method, which forms a unequal high melting channel by imparting different process parameters to each point of the melting channel, thereby forming a structural member having a curved characteristic to compensate for growth in the curved structural member.
- the difference between the quantities enables rapid forming of the curved structural members, improves the forming efficiency, and at the same time ensures the quality and accuracy of the formed parts.
- a laser 3D method for forming a curved structural member according to the object of the present invention for forming an unequal high melting channel the specific steps are as follows:
- step S5 starting the laser cladding according to the process parameters determined in step S4, after completing this step, returning to step S2 to re-determine the curvature K and the dimension L;
- the melting channel parameter includes a melting channel height, the first melting point height of the current cladding layer is h 1 , and the melting point height of the t-th point is h t , and the melting point height of the two points is to satisfy the relationship :
- K is the curvature
- S is the number of equal parts of the curved structural member
- L is the dimension of the curved structural member in the direction of the bending radius.
- the laser processing process parameters include a laser scanning speed a, a laser power b, and a powder feeding rate d
- the melting channel parameters include a melting point height h.
- the curved structural member is a curved wall, and the curvature K of the current curved wall and the wall thickness L of the curved wall are determined before forming the curved wall.
- the curved structural member is a curved tubular member, and the curvature K of the current curved tubular member and the diameter L of the curved tubular member are determined before forming the curved tubular member.
- the laser 3D forming adopts a real-time variable attitude laser cladding method.
- a curved tubular member formed by a laser 3D forming curved structural member A curved tubular member formed by a laser 3D forming curved structural member.
- the method of the laser 3D forming curved structural member disclosed in the present invention has the advantages of:
- the unequal high melting channel is formed by imparting different process parameters to each point of the melting channel, thereby forming a structural member having a curved characteristic, compensating for the difference between the growth amounts in the curved structural member, realizing rapid forming of the curved structural member, and improving forming efficiency, and simultaneously Guarantee the quality and accuracy of the formed parts. It lays the foundation for forming structural members with bending characteristics by real-time variable attitude laser cladding.
- Figure 1 is a schematic view of a laser cladding curved wall.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a laser cladding curved pipe.
- Figure 3 is a partial enlarged view of A.
- the structural member has a certain thickness in the direction of the bending radius, there is a certain difference in the required growth amount of the inner and outer walls of the structural member, and the difference and the bending curvature and bending of the curved structural member
- the thickness of the structural member is related.
- the difference can be compensated by the self-healing mechanism of laser rapid prototyping.
- the self-healing mechanism cannot be automatically compensated, and it is difficult to form the curved structural member.
- the present invention provides a method for forming a curved structural member by laser 3D in view of the deficiencies in the prior art, and forming a unequal high melting channel by imparting different process parameters to each point of the melting channel, thereby forming a structural member having a curved characteristic to compensate for the bending.
- the difference between the growth amounts in the structural members, to achieve a curved knot The rapid forming of the components improves the forming efficiency while ensuring the quality and precision of the formed parts.
- a laser 3D method for forming a curved structural member according to the object of the present invention for forming an unequal high melting channel the specific steps are as follows:
- step S5 starting the laser cladding according to the process parameters determined in step S4, after completing this step, returning to step S2 to re-determine the curvature K and the dimension L;
- the melting channel parameter includes a melting channel height, the first melting point height of the current cladding layer is h 1 , and the melting point height of the t-th point is h t , and the melting point height of the two points is to satisfy the relationship :
- K is the curvature
- S is the number of equal parts of the curved structural member
- L is the dimension of the curved structural member in the direction of the bending radius.
- the laser processing process parameters include a laser scanning speed a, a laser power b, and a powder feeding rate d
- the melting channel parameters include a melting point height h.
- the curved structural member is a curved wall, and the curvature K of the current curved wall and the wall thickness L of the curved wall are determined before forming the curved wall.
- the curved structural member is a curved tubular member, and the curvature K of the current curved tubular member and the diameter L of the curved tubular member are determined before forming the curved tubular member.
- the laser 3D forming adopts a real-time variable attitude laser cladding method.
- a curved tubular member formed by a laser 3D forming curved structural member A curved tubular member formed by a laser 3D forming curved structural member.
- a process for forming a curved wall includes the following specific steps:
- the laser processing parameters include laser scanning speed a, laser power b, and powder feeding rate d.
- the melting channel parameters mainly include the height h of the melting channel;
- the current cladding layer is equally divided into S parts, and the points on the cladding layer are respectively recorded as n 1 , n 2 ... n s+1 ;
- the current melting point height of the first point of the cladding layer is h 1
- the melting point height of the t-th point is h t
- the melting point height of the two points is to satisfy the relationship:
- the process parameters of the first and t-th points of the cladding layer are selected to ensure that the corresponding melt channel parameters satisfy the above relationship.
- step S5. Perform laser cladding according to the process parameters determined in step S4. After completing this step, return to step S2 to re-determine the curvature and the wall thickness.
- the essence of the invention is to solve the problem that the laser melting is not equal to the high melting channel, and the method of changing the processing parameters of the laser processing in real time to form the unequal high melting channel, so that the growth amount of each point on the melting channel satisfies a certain degree.
- the relational expression lays the foundation for the formation of the entire curved structural member.
- a process for forming a curved pipe member includes the following specific steps:
- the laser processing parameters include laser scanning speed a, laser power b, powder feeding rate d, and the melting channel parameters mainly include the height h of the melting channel;
- the current curved pipe member is equally divided into S portions in the direction of the bending radius, and the points on the curved pipe member are respectively recorded as 1, 2, 3...S, S+1.
- step S4 According to the relationship table obtained in step S1, respectively, the process parameters are assigned to each point on the current curved pipe member; the current melting point height of the first point of the cladding layer is h 1 , and the melting point height of the t-th point is h t , the melting point height of these two points should satisfy the relationship:
- the process parameters of the first and t-th points on the curved pipe are selected to ensure that the corresponding melt parameters satisfy the above relationship.
- step S5. Perform laser cladding according to the process parameters determined in step S4. After completing this step, return to step S2 to re-determine the curvature and the diameter of the elbow;
- the essence of the invention is to solve the problem that the laser melting is not equal to the high melting channel, and the unequal high melting channel is formed by changing the processing parameters of the laser processing in real time, so that the growth amount of each point on the melting channel satisfies a certain relationship expression, and the whole curved pipe structural member is The formation of the foundation laid the foundation.
- the method disclosed by the invention is a real-time variable attitude laser cladding method, and the method for forming a curved structural member by using a real-time variable attitude laser cladding method has the advantages of good surface quality, high forming efficiency, and formed parts, compared with the stratified dislocation and the auxiliary support.
- the size is not limited and so on.
- the invention establishes a laser processing process parameter and a melting channel parameter table, and according to certain criteria, assigns different process parameters to each point on the current melting channel, thereby forming an unequal high melting channel having a certain geometric shape, and laying a foundation for the final forming curved structural member. The foundation.
- melt heights h 1 and h t should be selected appropriately. If the selection is too small, the forming efficiency will be affected. If the selection is too large, the precision of the formed parts will be affected.
- the specific values are set as needed, and no limitation is imposed here.
- the invention discloses a method for forming a curved structural member by laser 3D, which forms a unequal high melting channel by giving different process parameters of each point of the melting channel, thereby forming a structural member having a curved characteristic, and compensating for the difference between the growth amounts in the curved structural member.
- the value realizes rapid forming of the curved structural member, improves the forming efficiency, and ensures the quality and precision of the formed part. It lays the foundation for forming structural members with bending characteristics by real-time variable attitude laser cladding.
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Abstract
一种激光3D成形弯曲结构件的方法，通过赋予熔道各点不同的工艺参数来形成不等高熔道，从而成形具有弯曲特征的结构件，弥补弯曲结构件中生长量间的差值，实现弯曲结构件的快速成形，提高成形效率，同时保证成形件的质量及其精度。为运用实时变姿态激光熔覆的方法成形具有弯曲特性的结构件奠定了基础。
Description
本申请要求于2016年03月09日提交中国专利局、申请号为201610133035.1、发明名称为“一种激光3D成形弯曲结构件的方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本发明属于激光熔覆快速成形技术领域，具体涉及一种激光3D成形弯曲结构件的方法。
激光熔覆快速成形技术是20世纪90年代中后期基于激光熔覆技术和快速原型技术的基础上发展起来的一种新技术。它综合了激光熔覆技术与快速成形技术的优点，无需借助刀具和模具就能直接制造出各种复杂的金属零件，具有成形零件复杂、组织性能优良、加工材料范围广泛、柔性化程度高、成本较低等独特优点，受到了业界的广泛关注。
针对悬臂以及空腔件等具有弯曲结构的成形件进行激光熔覆时，有分层错位、辅助支撑以及空间实时变姿态三种方法。其中，空间实时变姿态方法制作的成形件具有表面质量好、成形效率高、成形件尺寸不受限制等优点。因此，在进行具有弯曲特征的成形件的激光熔覆时，优先选取空间实时变姿态的方法。空间实时变姿态指的是在激光快速成形曲面时，需要实时改变光头的姿态，使得光头的轴线方向始终与成形件轮廓的切线方向相垂直。
在激光熔覆弯曲结构件时，因为结构件在弯曲半径方向上存在一定的厚度，所以结构件的内外壁所需生长量存在一定的差值，这个差值与弯曲结构件的弯曲曲率以及弯曲结构件的厚度有关。当厚度很小的时候，这个差值可以通过激光快速成形的自愈合机理进行补偿，然而当厚度达到一定值时，自愈合机理无法进行自动补偿，难以成形弯曲结构件。
因此，鉴于以上问题，有必要采取一定的工艺方法来弥补这个差值，实现弯曲结构件的快速成形，提高成形效率，同时保证成形件的质量及其精度。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种激光3D成形弯曲结构件的方法，通过赋予熔道各点不同的工艺参数来形成不等高熔道，从而成形具有弯曲特征的结构件，弥补弯曲结构件中生长量间的差值，实现弯曲结构件的快速成形，提高成形效率，同时保证成形件的质量及其精度。
根据本发明的目的提出的一种激光3D成形弯曲结构件的方法，用以成形不等高熔道，具体步骤如下：
S1、建立激光加工工艺参数与熔道参数的关系表格；
S2、确定当前弯曲结构件的曲率K以及弯曲结构件在弯曲半径方向上的尺寸L；
S3、在弯曲半径方向上将当前弯曲结构件等距的分成S个部分，弯曲结构件上的点分别记为1，2，3…S，S+1；
S4、根据步骤S1中获得的关系表格分别为当前弯曲结构件上的各个点赋予工艺参数；
S5、根据步骤S4确定的工艺参数开始进行激光熔覆，完成本步骤后回到步骤S2重新确定曲率K以及尺寸L；
所述熔道参数包括熔道高度，当前熔覆层第1个点的熔道高度为h1，第t个点的熔道高度为ht，这两个点的熔道高度要满足关系式：
上述关系式中，K为曲率，S为弯曲结构件等分数量，L为弯曲结构件在弯曲半径方向上的尺寸。
优选的，所述激光加工工艺参数包括激光扫描速度a、激光功率b与送粉速率d，所述熔道参数包括熔道高度h。
优选的，所述弯曲结构件为弯曲墙，成形弯曲墙前需确定当前弯曲墙的曲率K以及弯曲墙的壁厚L。
优选的，所述弯曲结构件为弯曲管件，成形弯曲管件前需确定当前弯曲管件的曲率K以及弯曲管件直径L。
优选的，激光3D成形采用实时变姿态激光熔覆方法。
一种弯曲墙，采用激光3D成形弯曲结构件的方法成形。
一种弯曲管件，采用激光3D成形弯曲结构件的方法成形。
与现有技术相比，本发明公开的激光3D成形弯曲结构件的方法的优点是：
通过赋予熔道各点不同的工艺参数来形成不等高熔道，从而成形具有弯曲特征的结构件，弥补弯曲结构件中生长量间的差值，实现弯曲结构件的快速成形，提高成形效率，同时保证成形件的质量及其精度。为运用实时变姿态激光熔覆的方法成形具有弯曲特性的结构件奠定了基础。
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为激光熔覆弯曲墙的示意图。
图2为激光熔覆弯曲管件的示意图。
图3为A处局部放大图。
在激光熔覆弯曲结构件时，因为结构件在弯曲半径方向上存在一定的厚度，所以结构件的内外壁所需生长量存在一定的差值，这个差值与弯曲结构件的弯曲曲率以及弯曲结构件的厚度有关。当厚度很小的时候，这个差值可以通过激光快速成形的自愈合机理进行补偿，然而当厚度达到一定值时，自愈合机理无法进行自动补偿，难以成形弯曲结构件。
本发明针对现有技术中的不足，提供了一种激光3D成形弯曲结构件的方法，通过赋予熔道各点不同的工艺参数来形成不等高熔道，从而成形具有弯曲特征的结构件，弥补弯曲结构件中生长量间的差值，实现弯曲结
构件的快速成形，提高成形效率，同时保证成形件的质量及其精度。
根据本发明的目的提出的一种激光3D成形弯曲结构件的方法，用以成形不等高熔道，具体步骤如下：
S1、建立激光加工工艺参数与熔道参数的关系表格；
S2、确定当前弯曲结构件的曲率K以及弯曲结构件在弯曲半径方向上的尺寸L；
S3、在弯曲半径方向上将当前弯曲结构件等距的分成S个部分，弯曲结构件上的点分别记为1，2，3…S，S+1；
S4、根据步骤S1中获得的关系表格分别为当前弯曲结构件上的各个点赋予工艺参数；
S5、根据步骤S4确定的工艺参数开始进行激光熔覆，完成本步骤后回到步骤S2重新确定曲率K以及尺寸L；
所述熔道参数包括熔道高度，当前熔覆层第1个点的熔道高度为h1，第t个点的熔道高度为ht，这两个点的熔道高度要满足关系式：
上述关系式中，K为曲率，S为弯曲结构件等分数量，L为弯曲结构件在弯曲半径方向上的尺寸。
优选的，所述激光加工工艺参数包括激光扫描速度a、激光功率b与送粉速率d，所述熔道参数包括熔道高度h。
激光加工工艺参数与熔道参数关系表1如下：
优选的，所述弯曲结构件为弯曲墙，成形弯曲墙前需确定当前弯曲墙的曲率K以及弯曲墙的壁厚L。
优选的，所述弯曲结构件为弯曲管件，成形弯曲管件前需确定当前弯曲管件的曲率K以及弯曲管件直径L。
优选的，激光3D成形采用实时变姿态激光熔覆方法。
一种弯曲墙，采用激光3D成形弯曲结构件的方法成形。
一种弯曲管件，采用激光3D成形弯曲结构件的方法成形。
下面将通过具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
请参见图1，如图所示，一种用于成形弯曲墙的工艺，包括下列具体步骤：
S1、建立激光加工工艺参数与熔道参数的关系表格；
如表1所示，激光加工工艺参数包括激光扫描速度a、激光功率b、送粉速率d。熔道参数主要包括熔道的高度h；
S2、确定当前弯曲墙的曲率K以及壁厚L；
S3、在半径方向上将当前熔覆层等距的分成S个部分，熔覆层上的点分别记为n1，n2...ns+1；
S4、根据步骤S1中获得的关系表格分别为当前熔覆层的各个点赋予工艺参数；
如图1所示，记当前熔覆层第1个点的熔道高度为h1，第t个点的熔道高度为ht，这两个点的熔道高度要满足关系式：
熔覆层第1与第t个点的工艺参数的选取要保证其对应的熔道参数满足上述关系式。
S5、根据步骤S4确定的工艺参数开始进行激光熔覆。完成本步骤后回到步骤S2重新确定曲率以及壁厚。
本发明的实质是解决激光融覆不等高熔道的问题，通过实时改变激光加工工艺参数的方法来成形不等高熔道，使熔道上各点的生长量满足一定
关系表达式，为整个弯曲结构件的成形奠定了成形基础。
实施例2
请一并参见图2与图3，如图所示，一种用于成形弯曲管件的工艺，包括下列具体步骤：
S1、建立激光加工工艺参数与熔道参数的关系表格；
如表1所示，激光加工工艺参数包括激光扫描速度a、激光功率b、送粉速率d，熔道参数主要包括熔道的高度h；
S2、确定当前弯曲管件的曲率K以及弯管直径L；
S3、在弯曲半径方向上将当前弯曲管件等距的分成S个部分，弯曲管件上的点分别记为1,2,3…S,S+1。
S4、根据步骤S1中获得的关系表格分别为当前弯曲管件上的各个点赋予工艺参数；记当前熔覆层第1个点的熔道高度为h1，第t个点的熔道高度为ht，这两个点的熔道高度要满足关系式：
弯曲管件上第1与第t个点的工艺参数的选取要保证其对应的熔道参数满足上述关系式。
S5、根据步骤S4确定的工艺参数开始进行激光熔覆。完成本步骤后回到步骤S2重新确定曲率以及弯管直径；
本发明的实质是解决激光融覆不等高熔道的问题，通过实时改变激光加工工艺参数的方法来成形不等高熔道，使熔道上各点的生长量满足一定关系表达式，为整个弯管结构件的成形奠定了成形基础。
本发明公开的方法为实时变姿态激光熔覆方法，相对于分层错位与辅助支撑两种方法，运用实时变姿态激光熔覆的方法成形弯曲结构件具有表面质量好、成形效率高、成形件尺寸不受限制等优点。本发明在建立激光加工工艺参数与熔道参数表格的基础上，按照一定准则，赋予当前熔道上各点不同的工艺参数，从而形成具有一定几何形状的不等高熔道，为最终成形弯曲结构件奠定了基础。
此外，熔道高度h1与ht要选择适当，选择过小会影响成形效率，选择过大会影响成形件得精度，具体数值根据需要设定，在此不做限制。
本发明公开了一种激光3D成形弯曲结构件的方法，通过赋予熔道各点不同的工艺参数来形成不等高熔道，从而成形具有弯曲特征的结构件，弥补弯曲结构件中生长量间的差值，实现弯曲结构件的快速成形，提高成形效率，同时保证成形件的质量及其精度。为运用实时变姿态激光熔覆的方法成形具有弯曲特性的结构件奠定了基础。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (7)
- 一种激光3D成形弯曲结构件的方法，其特征在于，用以成形不等高熔道，具体步骤如下：S1、建立激光加工工艺参数与熔道参数的关系表格；S2、确定当前弯曲结构件的曲率K以及弯曲结构件在弯曲半径方向上的尺寸L；S3、在弯曲半径方向上将当前弯曲结构件等距的分成S个部分，弯曲结构件上的点分别记为1，2，3…S，S+1；S4、根据步骤S1中获得的关系表格分别为当前弯曲结构件上的各个点赋予工艺参数；S5、根据步骤S4确定的工艺参数开始进行激光熔覆，完成本步骤后回到步骤S2重新确定曲率K以及尺寸L；所述熔道参数包括熔道高度，当前熔覆层第1个点的熔道高度为h1，第t个点的熔道高度为ht，这两个点的熔道高度要满足关系式：
上述关系式中，K为曲率，S为弯曲结构件等分数量，L为弯曲结构件在弯曲半径方向上的尺寸。 - 如权利要求1所述的激光3D成形弯曲结构件的方法，其特征在于，所述激光加工工艺参数包括激光扫描速度a、激光功率b与送粉速率d，所述熔道参数包括熔道高度h。
- 如权利要求1所述的激光3D成形弯曲结构件的方法，其特征在于，所述弯曲结构件为弯曲墙，成形弯曲墙前需确定当前弯曲墙的曲率K以及弯曲墙的壁厚L。
- 如权利要求1所述的激光3D成形弯曲结构件的方法，其特征在于，所述弯曲结构件为弯曲管件，成形弯曲管件前需确定当前弯曲管件的曲率K以及弯曲管件直径L。
- 如权利要求1所述的激光3D成形弯曲结构件的方法，其特征在于，激光3D成形采用实时变姿态激光熔覆方法。
- 一种弯曲墙，其特征在于，采用权利要求1-5任一项所述的方法成形。
- 一种弯曲管件，其特征在于，采用权利要求1-5任一项所述的方法成形。
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