WO2017148230A1 - 光伏组件、光伏光热一体化组件及其制造方法 - Google Patents

光伏组件、光伏光热一体化组件及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017148230A1
WO2017148230A1 PCT/CN2017/072031 CN2017072031W WO2017148230A1 WO 2017148230 A1 WO2017148230 A1 WO 2017148230A1 CN 2017072031 W CN2017072031 W CN 2017072031W WO 2017148230 A1 WO2017148230 A1 WO 2017148230A1
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Prior art keywords
glass
photovoltaic
photovoltaic module
plate
layer
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PCT/CN2017/072031
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曹文兵
闫德霖
刘洪明
林家辉
王昊
Original Assignee
珠海格力电器股份有限公司
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Application filed by 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 filed Critical 珠海格力电器股份有限公司
Priority to AU2017228268A priority Critical patent/AU2017228268A1/en
Priority to US16/080,681 priority patent/US20190259894A1/en
Priority to ES17759081T priority patent/ES2945660T3/es
Priority to CA3016112A priority patent/CA3016112A1/en
Priority to EP17759081.7A priority patent/EP3425679B1/en
Publication of WO2017148230A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017148230A1/zh
Priority to AU2020202105A priority patent/AU2020202105A1/en
Priority to AU2021225259A priority patent/AU2021225259B2/en
Priority to US17/576,136 priority patent/US11817515B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H01L31/0488—Double glass encapsulation, e.g. photovoltaic cells arranged between front and rear glass sheets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H01L31/0481—Encapsulation of modules characterised by the composition of the encapsulation material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H01L31/049—Protective back sheets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/052—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S30/00—Structural details of PV modules other than those related to light conversion
    • H02S30/10—Frame structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of solar photovoltaic light and heat, in particular to a solar photovoltaic module having a hollow structure, a photovoltaic light-heat integrated component and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • Photovoltaic refers to the way in which light energy is directly converted into electrical energy by utilizing the photovoltaic effect of the semiconductor interface.
  • Photothermal refers to the way in which materials absorb light energy of different wavelengths in the solar radiation spectrum and convert it into heat energy.
  • the "photovoltaic” method generally uses less than 20% of solar energy, while most of the rest of the energy is converted into heat, part of which is emitted into the air, and the other part is stored in the battery to raise the temperature of the battery. Therefore, the photovoltaic photothermal integrated component is constructed, and the "photovoltaic” and “photothermal” modes are combined to effectively collect the above heat, thereby improving the comprehensive utilization efficiency of the solar energy.
  • the existing photovoltaic thermal integration technology is generally used to increase the heat collecting components on the back of the conventional semi-finished photovoltaic modules, and at the same time, the entire integrated components are insulated.
  • the method of heat preservation generally employs a front baffle glass and an air layer in front of the integrated component.
  • FIG. 1 it is a schematic cross-sectional structure of a conventional conventional semi-finished photovoltaic module.
  • the conventional semi-finished photovoltaic module includes, in order from top to bottom, a front plate glass 11, an EVA filling layer 12, and a TPT back plate 13, and the battery sheet 14 is interposed between the front plate glass 11 and the TPT back plate 13, and the EVA is filled.
  • the layer bonds the front panel glass 11, the cell sheet 14, and the TPT backsheet 13.
  • the structure of the photovoltaic thermal integrated component including the above-mentioned semi-finished photovoltaic module is as shown in FIG. 2, and is below the conventional semi-finished photovoltaic component shown in FIG. 1, that is, the lower side of the TPT backsheet 13.
  • the thermally conductive backsheet 17, in particular, the thermally conductive backsheet 17 and the TPT backsheet 13 are bonded together using EVA.
  • the heat conductive copper tube 18 is welded to the lower side of the heat transfer back plate 17, so that the heat on the heat transfer back plate 17 is transferred to the outside for storage.
  • a heat insulating material 19 is filled under the heat conductive copper tube 18 and on both sides of the above components.
  • an air layer 16 is reserved as an insulating layer above the front glass 11, and a front baffle glass 15 is disposed above the air layer 16.
  • the outer periphery of each of the above components is encapsulated with an aluminum frame K.
  • the air layer and a piece of front baffle glass 15 are added, thereby causing the light to reduce the transmittance when passing through the front baffle glass 15 and the air layer 16, which results in more light attenuation, thereby reducing photovoltaic Conversion efficiency.
  • the present invention is directed to the above problems existing in the prior art, and provides a photovoltaic module, a photovoltaic light-heat integrated component, and a manufacturing method thereof, thereby simplifying the heat preservation effect of the photovoltaic light-heat integrated component.
  • the structure and manufacturing process of photovoltaic thermal integrated components In particular, a preferred embodiment of the invention enables light to reduce refractive index changes in the propagation path of the assembly, increasing light transmission.
  • a photovoltaic module comprising: a front plate glass, a first backing plate, a glue layer between the front plate glass and the first backing plate, and a battery sheet in the rubber layer; wherein at least a hollow layer is further included between the front plate glass and the rubber layer.
  • the hollow layer is vacuum or filled with nitrogen.
  • the front plate glass and the glue layer further comprise a second glass, the second glass is in contact with the glue layer, and the two sides of the hollow layer are respectively the front plate glass and the Second glass.
  • the front panel glass and the second glass constitute a vacuum glass component.
  • a support structure is further included, the front panel glass being supported on the support structure such that the front panel glass is spaced apart from the glue layer by a determined distance to constitute the hollow layer.
  • the support structure is supported on the first backplane; or the photovoltaic module further includes a second backplane on a bottom side of the first backplane, and the support structure is supported on the second On the back panel.
  • a photovoltaic thermal integration component comprising:
  • a heat collecting assembly that encases the photovoltaic module at the bottom and sides.
  • the heat collecting assembly comprises: a heat collecting plate located on a bottom side of the photovoltaic module, a heat exchanger in contact with the heat collecting plate, and an insulating material that achieves coating at the bottom and the side; or
  • the second backing plate acts as a heat collecting plate
  • the heat collecting assembly includes: a heat exchanger in contact with the second backing plate, and is implemented at the bottom and the side Covering insulation material.
  • the method further includes: a frame covering the outer side of the heat insulating material.
  • the heat exchanger is fixed below the heat collecting plate, and/or the heat exchanger is a heat conducting copper tube.
  • a method of fabricating a photovoltaic module comprising:
  • the front plate glass is disposed above the glue layer such that at least a hollow layer is further included between the front plate glass and the glue layer.
  • the step of disposing the front panel glass above the glue layer comprises:
  • a support structure is disposed and the front panel glass is placed on the support structure such that the front panel glass is spaced apart from the glue layer by a determined distance to form the hollow layer.
  • the step of providing the support structure comprises:
  • a second backing plate with a supporting structure is disposed, and the first backing plate is disposed on the second backing plate.
  • a method of fabricating a photovoltaic thermal integrated component comprising:
  • a heat collecting component is formed at the bottom and sides of the photovoltaic module.
  • the step of forming the heat collecting component comprises:
  • a heat insulating material is coated under the heat exchanger and at a side of the photovoltaic module.
  • the method further includes: covering a frame on an outer side of the heat collecting component.
  • a method of fabricating a photovoltaic thermal integrated component comprising:
  • a heat insulating material is coated under the heat exchanger and at a side of the photovoltaic module.
  • Photovoltaic module, photovoltaic light-heat integrated component by applying a hollow layer to photovoltaic In the module and the photovoltaic light-heating component, the photovoltaic light-heating integrated component has a partial heat-insulation function, thereby eliminating the need to add a front baffle glass and a heat-insulating hollow layer directly in front of the light-receiving surface of the component, thereby simplifying the photovoltaic light-heat integration component. Structure and manufacturing process.
  • the first front baffle glass since the first front baffle glass is reduced, the refractive index change is reduced twice, the light transmittance is improved, thereby further improving the conversion efficiency and reducing the conversion efficiency. Production cost of the product.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of a conventional conventional semi-finished photovoltaic module.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of a photovoltaic thermal integrated component fabricated using the semi-finished photovoltaic module shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic module in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic thermal integration assembly including a photovoltaic assembly as shown in FIG. 3, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic module in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic thermal integration assembly including a photovoltaic module as shown in FIG. 5, in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic module in accordance with still another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • a hollow layer may be disposed between the EVA filling layer and the front plate glass, so that the photovoltaic module thus constructed has a heat insulating function, and is not required to be disposed in the photovoltaic light-heat integrated component formed by using the photovoltaic module.
  • the front baffle glass and hollow layer are used to achieve thermal insulation. At the same time, since the front bezel glass is reduced, the transmittance of light is ensured, thereby improving the conversion efficiency and reducing the production cost.
  • a photovoltaic module (i.e., a semi-finished photovoltaic module) in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention will first be described in conjunction with FIG.
  • the photovoltaic module comprises a front plate glass 1, a hollow layer 2, a glue layer 3, a first back plate 4, and a support structure 6.
  • the support structure 6 is used to support the front panel glass 1 such that a hollow layer 2 is formed between the glue layer 3 and the front panel glass 1.
  • the cell sheet 5 is bonded to the first back sheet 4 by the adhesive layer 3.
  • the support structure 6 is for supporting the front panel glass 1.
  • the support structure 6 is disposed at two end positions between the first back panel 4 and the front panel glass 1 or at the entire peripheral position Thereby, the hollow layer can be formed between the adhesive layer 3 and the front sheet glass 1.
  • the support structure is not limited thereto as long as it can form a necessary hollow layer between the front glass 1 and the adhesive layer 3.
  • the photovoltaic module may further include a second backing plate 7 (as a semi-finished product of a photovoltaic light-heating component, which may be used as a heat collecting plate or a heat-conducting plate in particular),
  • the support structure 6 may also be formed on the second backboard (ie, the heat collecting plate or the heat conducting plate), or a second backing plate with a supporting structure may be adopted (ie, the two are a whole structure or One-piece structure).
  • the heat collecting plate or referred to as a heat conducting plate
  • the adhesive layer 3 is a photovoltaic cell encapsulant layer, and an EVA material having good adhesion, durability, optical properties, and the like is preferably formed to form the adhesive layer 3.
  • the hollow layer 2 is preferably a vacuum layer or a gas layer filled with nitrogen or an inert gas or the like.
  • the backing plate 4 is preferably a TPT backing plate.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and the backboard 4 may also be a TPE backplane or an FPF backplane.
  • the support structure 6 may be made of a material having a strength capable of withstanding the front plate glass 1, such as an aluminum alloy, an engineering plastic having high mechanical strength (ABS plastic), or the like. Further, in order to improve the airtightness of the hollow layer, it is possible to seal the joint faces (such as between the front plate glass 1 and the support structure 6) by means of a sealing silica gel.
  • the photovoltaic thermal integration component includes, in addition to the above photovoltaic module, a heat collecting component that covers the photovoltaic component at the bottom and the side to collect heat energy and utilize the same.
  • the heat collecting component comprises: a heat collecting plate (also referred to as a heat conducting plate) 7 located on a bottom side of the photovoltaic module (for example, bonded under the first backing plate 4), and is in contact with the heat collecting plate 7
  • the heat exchanger 8 for example, disposed on the heat collecting plate 7
  • the heat insulating material 9 which performs coating at the bottom and the side (for example, disposed under the heat exchanger 8 and the outer periphery of each of the above elements).
  • the photovoltaic thermal integration assembly may further include a frame K wrapped around the thermal insulation material 9 for encapsulating the above components.
  • the adhesive for bonding the heat collecting plate 7 under the backing plate 4 is preferably EVA, and a bonding material such as PVB may also be used.
  • the heat collecting plate or the heat conducting plate 7 is made of a material having a good heat collecting or heat conducting function, and further preferably a ferrous metal is used to improve the heat collecting ability such as black cadmium or the like.
  • the heat exchanger 8 is preferably a thermally conductive copper tube fixedly attached to the lower surface of the heat collecting plate 7 by, for example, laser welding.
  • the heat exchanger 8 may be a serpentine copper tube and combines the combination of the main pipe and the capillary channel to increase the thermal contact area and improve the heat exchange capability.
  • the heat insulating material 9 is, for example, preferably a heat insulating foam material which can be filled between the slits of the pipes constituting the heat exchanger 8 and the circumferential position of the front plate glass 1, the support member 6, and the back sheet 4 and the heat collecting plate 7, In order to have a good insulation effect.
  • the frame K is preferably a metal frame, and further preferably aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The frame K is surrounded by the outer surface of the heat insulating material 9 and The outer edge position of the front panel glass 1 serves to protect the components in the photovoltaic thermal integration component.
  • FIG. 6 shows the structure of a photovoltaic thermal integration assembly comprising a photovoltaic module as shown in Figure 5 in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the photovoltaic thermal integrated component includes a heat collecting component in addition to the above photovoltaic component, and the heat collecting component also covers the photovoltaic component at the bottom and the side.
  • the photovoltaic component includes the second backing plate 7, when the photovoltaic component is used for the photovoltaic thermal integrated component, the second backing plate 7 can be made of a heat collecting or heat conducting material, thereby The second backing plate 7 can serve as a heat collecting plate or a heat conducting plate.
  • the heat collecting component does not need to further include a heat collecting plate, but may only include contact with the second backing plate (ie, the heat collecting plate or the heat conducting plate) 7 (for example, set in the set
  • the heat exchanger 8 on the hot plate 7 and the heat insulating material 9 at the bottom and the side are covered (for example, disposed below the heat exchanger 8 and the outer periphery of each of the above elements).
  • the photovoltaic thermal integration assembly may also include a bezel K that is wrapped around the thermal insulation material 9 for encapsulating the components.
  • a second glass 10 may be further included between the front glass 1 and the rubber layer 3.
  • the second glass 10 is in contact with the glue layer 3, and the two sides of the hollow layer 2 are the front plate glass 1 and the second glass 10, respectively.
  • the provision of a hollow layer between the two layers of glass is relatively easy in terms of support and sealing, and does not affect the setting of the adhesive layer and the battery sheets.
  • the front pane 1 and the second pane 10 may constitute a vacuum glass component in advance. That is, the existing vacuum glass assembly G can be utilized to replace the front panel glass 11 of the conventional semi-finished photovoltaic assembly as described in FIG. 1 in the prior art.
  • the structure of the photovoltaic module is the same as that of the conventional semi-finished component shown in Fig. 1 except that the vacuum glass assembly G is used instead of the front plate glass 11. That is, in addition to the vacuum glass assembly G, a glue layer 3 and a first back sheet 4 are sandwiched between the vacuum glass G and the first back sheet 4, and the glue layer 3 is a vacuum glass. G, the battery sheet 5 and the first back sheet 4 are bonded together.
  • the photovoltaic module of such a structure since it has a vacuum insulation layer, it has a good heat preservation effect. At the same time, compared with the photovoltaic modules in the prior art, the structure can be more stable and reliable. In addition, due to the relatively mature vacuum glass technology, the direct use of vacuum glass components also has the advantages of low cost and reliable quality.
  • the photovoltaic module having the above structure to the photovoltaic thermal integration component
  • FIG. 4 the heat collecting plate 7 bonded under the backing plate 4 with an adhesive, the heat exchanger 8 fixed on the heat collecting plate 7, and the heat exchange device
  • the heat insulating material 9 below the device 8 and the outer periphery of each of the above elements, and a frame K, are also wrapped around the heat insulating material 9 for encapsulating the above components. Since it is the same as the configuration of FIG. 4, it will not be illustrated and described herein.
  • the photovoltaic module according to the present invention and a method of fabricating the photovoltaic thermal integrated component including the photovoltaic assembly, are described below.
  • the manufacturing method of the foregoing photovoltaic module includes: disposing a first back plate; disposing a glue layer and a battery sheet on the first back plate; and placing a front plate glass over the glue layer, so that the front plate At least a hollow layer is further included between the glass and the glue layer.
  • the adhesive layer 3 is sequentially coated on the first back sheet 4, and the battery sheet 5 is bonded so that the battery sheet 5 is bonded to the first back sheet 4 by the adhesive layer.
  • the glue layer 3 preferably uses an EVA material, or a PVB material, as described above.
  • the first backplane 4 is preferably a TPT backplane, and may also be a TPE backplane or an FPF backplane.
  • the support structure 6 may be provided to support the front panel glass 1 to obtain the hollow layer 2.
  • the support structure 6 may be disposed at two end positions or the entire peripheral position between the first back plate 4 and the front plate glass 1, and seal the joint faces so as to be capable of being in the glue layer.
  • the hollow layer is formed between the 3 and the front plate glass 1.
  • the support structure is not limited thereto as long as it can form the necessary hollow layer 2 between the front plate glass 1 and the glue layer 3.
  • the support structure 6 may also be disposed at the position of both ends between the glue layer 3 and the front plate glass 1 or the entire peripheral position, at which time the height of the support structure 6 will be equal to the hollow layer 2 thickness of.
  • the photovoltaic assembly may further include a second backing plate, which may preferably serve as a heat collecting plate at the same time, in another embodiment, the supporting structure further It may be formed on the second back plate, or a heat collecting plate with a support structure may be employed.
  • the hollow layer 2 is a vacuum layer or a gas layer filled with a gas such as nitrogen.
  • Supporting knot The structure 6 may be made of a material having a strength capable of withstanding the front plate glass 1, such as an aluminum alloy or an engineering plastic (ABS plastic) having high mechanical strength.
  • ABS plastic engineering plastic
  • the sealing silica gel seals each joint surface (for example, between the front glass 1 and the support structure 6) around the hollow layer.
  • the step of placing the front glass 1 cannot be operated in the air, for example, in a vacuum or in a gas-filled environment (for example, a nitrogen atmosphere or an inert gas atmosphere), or in an extremely low humidity air. Operate in an environment to prevent moisture from corroding internal materials.
  • the manufacturing method of the aforementioned photovoltaic photothermal integrated component includes, for example, first forming the aforementioned photovoltaic module; then forming a heat collecting component at the bottom and sides of the photovoltaic component; and, further preferably, providing a frame.
  • forming the heat collecting component includes disposing a heat collecting plate at the bottom of the photovoltaic component (or directly using the second backing plate as a heat collecting plate), and providing a heat exchanger under the heat collecting plate and coating the heat insulating material on the outer side . The following will be explained one by one.
  • the step of forming the heat collecting component specifically includes:
  • the adhesive for bonding the heat collecting plate 7 under the first backing plate 4 is preferably EVA, and a bonding material such as PVB may also be used.
  • the heat collecting plate 7 is made of a material having a good heat collecting function, and further preferably a ferrous metal is used to improve the heat collecting ability such as black cadmium or the like.
  • a heat exchanger 8 is disposed on the heat collecting plate 7 formed on the lower side of the first backing plate 4.
  • the heat exchanger 8 is preferably a thermally conductive copper tube fixedly attached to the lower surface of the heat collecting plate 7 by, for example, laser welding.
  • the heat exchanger 8 may be a serpentine copper tube and combines the combination of the main pipe and the capillary channel to increase the thermal contact area and improve the heat exchange capability.
  • the heat insulating material 9 is, for example, preferably a heat insulating foam material which is sufficiently filled between the slits of the pipes constituting the heat exchanger 8 and the circumferential direction of the front plate glass 1, the support member 6, and the first backing plate 4 and the heat collecting plate 7. Position to maintain good insulation.
  • the photovoltaic light-heat integration component further preferably sets a frame.
  • the frame K is preferably a metal frame, and further preferably aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
  • the frame K is surrounded by the outer surface of the heat insulating material 9 and the outer edge of the front glass 1 for protecting the components in the photovoltaic light-heat integrated component. Subsequently, the seal between the frame and the front glass is prevented to prevent moisture and the like from entering.
  • the manufacturing method of the foregoing photovoltaic thermal integrated component may also be performed simultaneously with the manufacturing process of the photovoltaic component, for example, may include: providing a second backing plate with a supporting structure, the first backing plate, the adhesive layer and the battery piece Laminating on the second backing plate in sequence; after the lamination is completed, the front panel glass is placed on the supporting structure, and the front panel glass is spaced apart from the rubber layer by a certain distance to constitute a hollow layer to obtain a photovoltaic module with a hollow layer; a heat exchanger disposed on a lower side of the second backing plate; and a heat insulating material is coated under the heat exchanger and at a side of the photovoltaic module. And further preferably, a bezel is set.
  • the photovoltaic module, photovoltaic thermal integrated component and manufacturing method thereof of the present invention are described above with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • the photovoltaic light-heating integrated component has a partial heat preservation function, so that the front baffle glass and the heat preservation are not required directly in front of the light-receiving surface of the component.
  • the hollow layer simplifies the structure and manufacturing process of the photovoltaic thermal integration component.
  • the photovoltaic module includes only the front panel glass (ie, does not include the second glass)
  • the light is applied to the assembly due to the reduction of a layer of front bezel glass compared to the prior art photovoltaic thermal integration assembly.
  • the refractive index change is reduced in the path, and the transmittance of light is improved, thereby further improving the conversion efficiency and reducing the production cost of the product.

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Abstract

一种光伏组件、光伏光热一体化组件及其制造方法。光伏组件包括：前板玻璃（1）、第一背板（4）、位于前板玻璃与第一背板之间的胶层（3）、以及位于胶层中的电池片（5）；其中，前板玻璃与胶层之间至少还包括中空层（2）。该光伏组件、光伏光热组件，由于包括中空层，使光伏光热一体化组件自带局部保温功能，从而无需在组件受光面的正前方再加前挡板玻璃和保温的中空层，简化了光伏光热一体化组件的结构和制造过程。

Description

光伏组件、光伏光热一体化组件及其制造方法
本申请要求于2016年02月29日提交中国专利局、申请号为201610110791.2、发明名称为“光伏组件、光伏光热一体化组件及其制造方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能光伏光热领域，尤其涉及一种具有中空结构的太阳能光伏组件、光伏光热一体化组件及其制造方法。
背景技术
随着工业的不断发展，对能源的消耗日益加剧，促使人们开始致力于新能源的开发。太阳能作为一种绿色能源，无疑是地球上最具开发潜力的可再生能源。根据能量转换方式的不同，对太阳能的利用可分为光伏和光热两种。“光伏”是指利用半导体界面的光生伏特效应而将光能直接转变为电能的方式，“光热”是指利用材料吸收太阳辐射光谱中不同波长的光能并将其转化为热能的方式。
其中，“光伏”方式对太阳能的利用率普遍低于20％，而其余大部分能量均转换为热能，一部分散发到空气中，另外一部分则储存在电池中使电池的温度升高。因此，构造光伏光热一体化组件，将“光伏”和“光热”两种方式综合起来，从而有效的收集上述热量，则能提高太阳能的综合利用效率。
目前，现有光伏光热一体化技术普遍为，通过在常规半成品光伏组件的背部增加集热组件，同时将整个一体化组件做好保温。所述保温的方法一般采用在一体化组件前设置前档板玻璃和空气层。如图1所示，为现有的常规半成品光伏组件的剖面结构示意图。所述常规半成品光伏组件从上到下依次包括：前板玻璃11、EVA填充层12以及TPT背板13，电池片14夹置在所述前板玻璃11和TPT背板13之间，EVA填充层将前板玻璃11、电池片14以及TPT背板13粘结在一起。
典型地，包括上述半成品光伏组件的光伏光热一体化组件的结构如图2所示，在如图1所示的常规半成品光伏组件的下方，即TPT背板13的下侧加 导热背板17，具体地，利用EVA将导热背板17与TPT背板13粘结在一起。在导热背板17的下侧焊接导热铜管18，从而将导热背板17上的热量传到外面储存。在导热铜管18的下方以及上述各组件的两侧都填充保温材料19。进一步地，在如图1所示的所述常规半成品光伏组件的上方，即前板玻璃11的上方预留一个空气层16作为保温层，在空气层16的上方设置一块前挡板玻璃15。最后，在上述各部件外周用铝边框K封装。
对于上述如图2所示的光伏光热一体化组件结构中，光线从该一体化组件的上方透过前挡板玻璃15后穿过所述空气层16，然后才到达如图1所示的常规半成品光伏组件的前板玻璃11上，并进而照射到电池片14上。由此，按照上述方式构成的光伏光热一体化组件中，虽然能起到保温作用，以提高热效率，然而从图2所示的结构可以看出，由于在光伏组件的前板玻璃11之上又增加了空气层和一片前挡板玻璃15，因此导致光线在穿过所述前挡板玻璃15和所述空气层16时降低了透过率，即导致光衰减较多，从而降低光伏的转换效率。
另外，由于需要额外地设置前挡板玻璃15和空气层16，还使得光伏光热一体化组件的结构复杂，制造过程繁琐、低效。
发明内容
本发明是针对现有技术中存在的上述问题而提出的，即提供一种光伏组件、光伏光热一体化组件及其制造方法，从而能够在保证光伏光热一体化组件保温效果的同时，简化光伏光热一体化组件的结构和制造过程。特别地，本发明的优选方案能使光线在组件的传播途径上减少折射率变化，增加光透过率。
根据本发明的第一方面，提供了一种光伏组件，其包括：前板玻璃、第一背板、位于所述前板玻璃与所述第一背板之间的胶层、以及位于所述胶层中的电池片；其中，所述前板玻璃与所述胶层之间至少还包括中空层。
优选地，所述中空层内为真空或填充有氮气。
优选地，所述前板玻璃与所述胶层之间还包括第二玻璃，所述第二玻璃与所述胶层接触，所述中空层的两侧分别为所述前板玻璃和所述第二玻璃。
优选地，所述前板玻璃与所述第二玻璃构成真空玻璃组件。
优选地，还包括支撑结构，所述前板玻璃支撑在所述支撑结构上，使得所述前板玻璃与所述胶层间隔开确定的距离以构成所述中空层。
优选地，所述支撑结构支撑在所述第一背板上；或者，所述光伏组件还包括位于所述第一背板底部侧的第二背板，所述支撑结构支撑在所述第二背板上。
根据本发明的第二方面，提供了一种光伏光热一体化组件，其包括：
如前所述的光伏组件；以及
集热组件，所述集热组件在底部和侧部包覆所述光伏组件。
优选地，所述集热组件包括：位于所述光伏组件底部侧的集热板、与所述集热板相接触的换热器、以及在底部和侧部实现包覆作用的保温材料；或者
在存在第二背板的情况下，所述第二背板充当集热板，并且所述集热组件包括：与所述第二背板相接触的换热器、以及在底部和侧部实现包覆作用的保温材料。
优选地，还包括：边框，其包覆在所述保温材料的外侧。
优选地，所述换热器固定在集热板下方，和/或，所述换热器为导热铜管。
根据本发明的第三方面，提供了一种光伏组件的制造方法，其包括：
设置第一背板；
将胶层、电池片设置在第一背板上，并使所述电池片位于所述胶层中；以及
将前板玻璃设置在所述胶层的上方，使得所述前板玻璃与所述胶层之间至少还包括中空层。
优选地，将前板玻璃设置在所述胶层的上方的步骤包括：
采用真空玻璃组件敷设在所述胶层上，使得所述真空玻璃组件的外层玻璃构成所述前板玻璃；或者
设置支撑结构，并将所述前板玻璃放置在所述支撑结构上，使所述前板玻璃与所述胶层间隔开确定的距离以构成所述中空层。
优选地，设置支撑结构的步骤包括：
使所述支撑结构支撑在所述第一背板上；或者
使所述支撑结构支撑在第二背板上，其中，所述第二背板是在设置第一背板的步骤之前已设置好，并且所述第一背板设置在所述第二背板上；或者
在设置第一背板之前，先设置带有支撑结构的第二背板，并将所述第一背板设置在所述第二背板上。
根据本发明的第四方面，提供了一种光伏光热一体化组件的制造方法，其包括：
提供如前所述的光伏组件；
在所述光伏组件的底部和侧部形成集热组件。
优选地，形成集热组件的步骤包括：
在所述光伏组件的底部设置集热板，或者，在存在第二背板的情况下，使所述第二背板充当集热板；
在所述集热板下侧设置换热器；以及
在所述换热器的下方及所述光伏组件的侧部包覆保温材料。
优选地，还包括：在所述集热组件的外侧包覆边框。
根据本发明的第五方面，提供了一种光伏光热一体化组件的制造方法，其包括：
提供带有支撑结构的第二背板，将第一背板、胶层和电池片依次敷设在所述第二背板上进行层压；
将前板玻璃放置在所述支撑结构上，使所述前板玻璃与所述胶层间隔开确定的距离以构成中空层，得到带有中空层的光伏组件；
在所述第二背板下侧设置换热器；以及
在所述换热器的下方及所述光伏组件的侧部包覆保温材料。
根据本发明的光伏组件、光伏光热一体化组件，通过将中空层应用到光伏 组件及光伏光热组件中，使光伏光热一体化组件自带局部保温功能，从而无需在组件受光面的正前方再加前挡板玻璃和保温的中空层，简化了光伏光热一体化组件的结构和制造过程。同时，相比于现有技术的光伏光热组件，由于减少了一层前档板玻璃，减少了两次折射率变化，光的透过率得到提高，从而进一步提高了转化效率，并且降低了产品的生产成本。
以下结合附图及具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案做进一步详细的描述，本发明的有益效果将进一步明确。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，构成本发明的一部分，用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1为现有常规半成品光伏组件的剖面结构示意图。
图2为利用图1所示的半成品光伏组件制作的光伏光热一体化组件的剖面结构示意图。
图3为根据本发明一优选实施例的光伏组件的剖面结构示意图。
图4是根据本发明一优选实施例的包括如图3所示的光伏组件的光伏光热一体化组件的剖面示意图。
图5是根据本发明另一优选实施例的光伏组件的剖面结构示意图。
图6是根据本发明另一优选实施例的包括如图5所示的光伏组件的光伏光热一体化组件的剖面示意图
图7是根据本发明又另一优选实施例的光伏组件的剖面结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明具体实施例及相应的附图对本发明技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的 实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围
另外，需要说明的是，在本发明的上下文中，“上”、“下”等方位词语的使用，仅仅是为了描述方便，表示在按图示的布置方式进行说明时的相对位置关系，而不意味着绝对的位置关系。
根据本发明的技术构思，对如图1所示的常规半成品光伏组件的结构，考虑在其中增加一中空层，以实现保温功能。具体地，可以在所述EVA填充层和前板玻璃之间设置一中空层，使得如此构成的光伏组件自带保温功能，则无需在利用该光伏组件形成的光伏光热一体化组件中再设置前挡板玻璃和中空层来达到保温效果。而同时由于减少了一层前挡板玻璃，使得光的透射率得到保障，从而提高了转换效率，并且降低了生产成本。
首先结合图3描述根据本发明一优选实施例的光伏组件(即半成品光伏组件)。如图3所示，所述光伏组件包括前板玻璃1、中空层2、胶层3、第一背板4以及支撑结构6。其中，所述支撑结构6用于支撑所述前板玻璃1，使得在胶层3与前板玻璃1之间形成中空层2。并且，利用所述胶层3将电池片5粘结在第一背板4上。
所述前板玻璃1，例如选用钢化玻璃，具有良好的透光性，并具有一定强度，起到必要的保护作用。支撑结构6用于支撑所述前板玻璃1，在一个实施例中，所述支撑结构6设置在第一背板4和前板玻璃1之间的两个端部位置处或者整个周边位置处，从而能够在胶层3和前板玻璃1之间形成所述中空层。为此，在第一背板的选材方面，需要选择具有机械强度的材料，以实现对支撑结构6的支承。所述支撑结构也可不限于此，其只要能够在前板玻璃1和胶层3之间形成必要的中空层即可。在另一实施例中，其还可以设置在胶层3和所述前板玻璃1之间的两端部位置处或整个周边位置处，此时支撑结构6的高度等于中空层2的厚度。
特别地，如图5所示，该光伏组件还可包括第二背板7(作为光伏光热组件的半成品，该第二背板7特别地可同时用作集热板或导热板)，则在又一个 实施例中，所述支撑结构6还可形成在该第二背板(即集热板或导热板)上，或者，可以采用带有支撑结构的第二背板(即二者为整体结构或一体式结构)。关于该集热板(或称为导热板)，下文将进一步描述。
所述胶层3为光伏电池封装胶层，优选具有良好的粘着力、耐久性和光学特性等的EVA材料形成所述胶层3。当然，本发明不限于此，也可使用PVB形成所述胶层。所述中空层2优选为真空层，或为充有氮气或惰性气体等的气体层。所述背板4优选TPT背板。当然，本发明不局限于此，所述背板4也可以为TPE背板或FPF背板。所述支撑结构6采用具有能够承受所述前板玻璃1的强度的材料即可，例如铝合金、机械强度高的工程塑料(ABS塑料)等。此外，为了提高中空层的密闭性，可利用密封硅胶对各接合面处(如前板玻璃1与支撑结构6之间)进行密封。
以下结合图4描述根据本发明一优选实施例的包括如图3所示的光伏组件的光伏光热一体化组件的结构。如图4所示，所述光伏光热一体化组件除包括上述光伏组件外，还包括集热组件，所述集热组件在底部和侧部包覆所述光伏组件，以收集热能并加以利用。优选地，所述集热组件具体包括：位于光伏组件底部侧(例如粘结在第一背板4下方)的集热板(或称为导热板)7，与所述集热板7相接触(例如设置在集热板7上)的换热器8，以及在底部和侧部实现包覆作用(例如设置在换热器8的下方以及上述各元件的外周)的保温材料9。进一步优选地，所述光伏光热一体化组件还可以包括边框K，其包覆在所述保温材料9外侧，用于封装上述组件。
用于将集热板7粘结在所述背板4下方的粘结剂优选EVA，也可选用PVB等粘结材料。集热板或导热板7采用具有良好集热或导热功能的材料，并且进一步优选采用黑色金属，以提高集热能力，例如黑镉等。换热器8优选采用导热铜管，利用例如激光焊接的方式固定连接到所述集热板7的下表面。所述换热器8可以是蛇形铜管，并组合主管道和毛细管道相结合的方式，从而增加导热接触面积，提高换热能力。所述保温材料9例如优选保温发泡材料，其可以填充在构成换热器8的管道的缝隙之间以及前板玻璃1、支撑元件6以及背板4、集热板7的周向位置，以起到良好的保温效果。所述框架K优选金属边框，并进一步优选铝或铝合金。所述边框K包围在所述保温材料9的外表面以及 前板玻璃1的外边缘位置，用于保护所述光伏光热一体化组件中的各元件。
图6则示出了本发明另一优选实施例的包括如图5所示的光伏组件的光伏光热一体化组件的结构。如图6所示，所述光伏光热一体化组件除包括上述光伏组件外，也包括集热组件，并且所述集热组件也是在底部和侧部包覆所述光伏组件。本实施例中，由于光伏组件包括第二背板7，因此，当该光伏组件被用于光伏光热一体化组件时，可采用集热或导热材料制作该第二背板7，从而该第二背板7可充当集热板或导热板。在这种情况下，优选地，所述集热组件无需再包括集热板，而是可以仅包括与所述第二背板(即集热板或导热板)7相接触(例如设置在集热板7上)的换热器8，以及在底部和侧部实现包覆作用(例如设置在换热器8的下方以及上述各元件的外周)的保温材料9。同样地，所述光伏光热一体化组件也可以包括边框K，其包覆在所述保温材料9外侧，用于封装上述组件。
在另一实施例中，如图7所示，为了实现在所述光伏组件中获得所述中空层2，在所述前板玻璃1与所述胶层3之间还可以包括第二玻璃10，所述第二玻璃10与所述胶层3接触，所述中空层2的两侧分别为所述前板玻璃1和所述第二玻璃10。在两层玻璃之间设置中空层无论在支撑还是密封方面都相对容易，不会影响胶层和电池片等的设置。
特别地，所述前板玻璃1与所述第二玻璃10可以事先构成真空玻璃组件。也即，可以利用已有的真空玻璃组件G来代替现有技术中的如图1所述的常规半成品光伏组件中的所述前板玻璃11。该光伏组件的结构除利用真空玻璃组件G代替所述前板玻璃11之外，其余结构与图1所示的常规半成品组件的结构相同。即，除所述真空玻璃组件G之外，还包括胶层3以及第一背板4，电池片5夹置在所述真空玻璃G和第一背板4之间，胶层3将真空玻璃G、电池片5以及第一背板4粘结在一起。对于这样结构的光伏组件来说，由于具有真空保温层，从而起到很好的保温作用。同时，相比现有技术中的光伏组件来说，能够获得结构更加稳固、可靠的有益效果。另外，由于真空玻璃技术相对成熟，直接采用真空玻璃组件还具有成本低、质量可靠等优点。
进一步地，在将具有以上结构的光伏组件应用到光伏光热一体化组件中 时，则可参照如图4所示的构造，即，利用粘结剂粘结在背板4下方的集热板7，固定在集热板7上的换热器8，以及设置在换热器8的下方以及上述各元件的外周的保温材料9，以及还包括边框K，包覆在所述保温材料9外侧，用于封装上述各元件。由于与图4的构造相同，此处不再图示及赘述。
以下描述根据本发明所述光伏组件，以及包括该光伏组件的光伏光热一体化组件的制造方法。
一方面，前述光伏组件的制造方法包括：设置第一背板；将胶层、电池片设置在第一背板上；以及，将前板玻璃放置在所述胶层上方，使得所述前板玻璃与所述胶层之间至少还包括中空层。以下将逐一进行说明。
S1：将胶层3、电池片5设置在第一背板4上。
具体地，在第一背板4上顺次地涂覆所述胶层3，粘结电池片5，使得利用所述胶层将电池片5粘结在第一背板4上。胶层3如上文所述优选使用EVA材料，或者PVB材料。所述第一背板4优选TPT背板，也可以为TPE背板或FPF背板。
S2：将前板玻璃1放置在所述胶层上方，使得胶层3和前板玻璃1之间形成中空层2。
具体地，在一个实施例中，可以设置支撑结构6来支承前板玻璃1，以获得中空层2。例如，可以将所述支撑结构6设置在第一背板4和前板玻璃1之间的两个端部位置处或整个周边位置处，并对各接合面处进行密封，从而能够在胶层3和前板玻璃1之间形成所述中空层。所述支撑结构也可不限于此，其只要能够在前板玻璃1和胶层3之间形成必要的所述中空层2即可。在另一实施例中，支撑结构6还可以设置在胶层3和所述前板玻璃1之间的两端部位置处或整个周边位置处，此时支撑结构6的高度将等于中空层2的厚度。
特别地，作为光伏光热一体化组件的半成品，该光伏组件还可包括第二背板，该第二背板优选可同时充当集热板，则在另一个实施例中，所述支撑结构还可形成在该第二背板上，或者，可以采用带有支撑结构的集热板。
优选地，所述中空层2为真空层或充有氮气等气体的气体层。所述支撑结 构6采用具有能够承受所述前板玻璃1的强度的材料即可，例如铝合金、机械强度高的工程塑料(ABS塑料)等。此外，为了提高密闭性，利用，例如密封硅胶对中空层周边的各接合面(例如前板玻璃1与支撑结构6之间)进行密封。在这种情况下，放置前板玻璃1的步骤不能在空气中操作，例如可在真空或在对应填充气体的环境(例如氮气氛围或惰性气体氛围)中操作，也可以在湿度极低的空气环境中操作，以防止水汽腐蚀内部材料。
另一方面，前述光伏光热一体化组件的制造方法例如包括：首先形成前述的光伏组件；然后在所述光伏组件的底部和侧部形成集热组件；以及，进一步优选地设置边框。具体地，形成集热组件包括在所述光伏组件的底部设置集热板(或者直接利用第二背板充当集热板)，并在集热板下方设置换热器并在外侧包覆保温材料。以下将逐一进行说明。
S3：在光伏组件的底部和侧部形成集热组件。
在一优选实施例中，形成所述集热组件的步骤具体包括：
S31：在所述光伏组件的底部设置集热板7(例如，将二者粘结在一起)；或者，在存在第二背板的情况下，使所述第二背板充当集热板。也即，无论如何，集热板7都位于第一背板4的下方。
用于将集热板7粘结在所述第一背板4下方的粘结剂优选EVA，也可选用PVB等粘结材料。集热板7采用具有良好集热功能的材料，并且进一步优选采用黑色金属，以提高集热能力，例如黑镉等。
S32：在形成于所述第一背板4下侧的集热板7上设置换热器8。
换热器8优选采用导热铜管，利用，例如激光焊接的方式固定连接到所述集热板7的下表面。所述换热器8可以是蛇形铜管，并组合主管道和毛细管道相结合的方式，从而增加导热接触面积，提高换热能力。
S33：包覆所述保温材料9。
所述保温材料9例如优选保温发泡材料，其充分填充在构成换热器8的管道的缝隙之间以及前板玻璃1、支撑元件6以及第一背板4、集热板7的周向位置，以起到良好的保温效果。
S4：所述光伏光热一体化组件进一步优选地设置边框。所述框架K优选金属边框，并进一步优选铝或铝合金。所述边框K包围在所述保温材料9的外表面以及前板玻璃1的外边缘位置，用于保护所述光伏光热一体化组件中的各元件。随后，做好边框与前板玻璃之间的密封，防止水汽等进入。
此外，前述光伏光热一体化组件的制造方法也可以与光伏组件的制造过程同时进行，例如，可以包括：提供带有支撑结构的第二背板，将第一背板、胶层和电池片依次敷设在所述第二背板上进行层压；层压完成后，将前板玻璃放置在所述支撑结构上，使所述前板玻璃与所述胶层间隔开确定的距离以构成中空层，得到带有中空层的光伏组件；在所述第二背板下侧设置换热器；以及，在所述换热器的下方及所述光伏组件的侧部包覆保温材料。以及进一步优选地，设置边框。
以上结合附图对本发明的光伏组件、光伏光热一体化组件及其制造方法进行了描述。其中，通过将中空层应用到光伏组件及光伏光热一体化组件中，使光伏光热一体化组件自带局部保温功能，从而无需在组件受光面的正前方再加前挡板玻璃和保温的中空层，简化了光伏光热一体化组件的结构和制造过程。
特别地，当光伏组件仅包括前板玻璃(即，不包括第二玻璃)时，相比于现有技术的光伏光热一体化组件，由于减少了一层前挡板玻璃，光线到组件的途径上减少了折射率变化，光的透过率得到提高，从而进一步提高了转化效率，并且降低了产品的生产成本。
综上，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，在不冲突的前提下，上述各有利方式可以自由地组合、叠加。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的权利要求范围之内。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种光伏组件，其包括：前板玻璃、第一背板、位于所述前板玻璃与所述第一背板之间的胶层、以及位于所述胶层中的电池片；其特征在于，所述前板玻璃与所述胶层之间至少还包括中空层。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，所述中空层内为真空或填充有氮气。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，所述前板玻璃与所述胶层之间还包括第二玻璃，所述第二玻璃与所述胶层接触，所述中空层的两侧分别为所述前板玻璃和所述第二玻璃。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，所述前板玻璃与所述第二玻璃构成真空玻璃组件。
  5. 如权利要求1或2所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，还包括支撑结构，所述前板玻璃支撑在所述支撑结构上，使得所述前板玻璃与所述胶层间隔开确定的距离以构成所述中空层。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，
    所述支撑结构支撑在所述第一背板上，或者
    所述光伏组件还包括位于所述第一背板底部侧的第二背板，所述支撑结构支撑在所述第二背板上。
  7. 一种光伏光热一体化组件，其包括：
    如权利要求1-6任一项所述的光伏组件；以及
    集热组件，所述集热组件在底部和侧部包覆所述光伏组件。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的光伏光热一体化组件，其特征在于，所述集热组件包括：位于所述光伏组件底部侧的集热板、与所述集热板相接触的换热器、以及在底部和侧部实现包覆作用的保温材料；或者
    在存在第二背板的情况下，所述第二背板充当集热板，并且所述集热组件 包括：与所述第二背板相接触的换热器、以及在底部和侧部实现包覆作用的保温材料。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的光伏光热一体化组件，其特征在于，还包括：
    边框，其包覆在所述保温材料的外侧。
  10. 如权利要求8或9所述的光伏光热一体化组件，其特征在于，
    所述换热器固定在集热板下方，和/或
    所述换热器为导热铜管。
  11. 一种光伏组件的制造方法，其包括：
    设置第一背板；
    将胶层、电池片设置在第一背板上，并使所述电池片位于所述胶层中；以及
    将前板玻璃设置在所述胶层的上方，使得所述前板玻璃与所述胶层之间至少还包括中空层。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的制造方法，其特征在于，将前板玻璃设置在所述胶层的上方的步骤包括：
    采用真空玻璃组件敷设在所述胶层上，使得所述真空玻璃组件的外层玻璃构成所述前板玻璃；或者
    设置支撑结构，并将所述前板玻璃放置在所述支撑结构上，使所述前板玻璃与所述胶层间隔开确定的距离以构成所述中空层。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的制造方法，其特征在于，在设置有支撑结构的方案中，设置支撑结构的步骤包括：
    使所述支撑结构支撑在所述第一背板上；或者
    使所述支撑结构支撑在第二背板上，其中，所述第二背板是在设置第一背板的步骤之前已设置好，并且所述第一背板设置在所述第二背板上；或者
    在设置第一背板之前，先设置带有支撑结构的第二背板，并将所述第一背 板设置在所述第二背板上。
  14. 一种光伏光热一体化组件的制造方法，其包括：
    提供如权利要求1-6任一项所述的光伏组件；
    在所述光伏组件的底部和侧部形成集热组件。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，形成集热组件的步骤包括：
    在所述光伏组件的底部设置集热板，或者，在存在第二背板的情况下，使所述第二背板充当集热板；
    在所述集热板下侧设置换热器；以及
    在所述换热器的下方及所述光伏组件的侧部包覆保温材料。
  16. 如权利要求14或15所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    在所述集热组件的外侧包覆边框。
  17. 一种光伏光热一体化组件的制造方法，其包括：
    提供带有支撑结构的第二背板，将第一背板、胶层和电池片依次敷设在所述第二背板上进行层压；
    将前板玻璃放置在所述支撑结构上，使所述前板玻璃与所述胶层间隔开确定的距离以构成中空层，得到带有中空层的光伏组件；
    在所述第二背板下侧设置换热器；以及
    在所述换热器的下方及所述光伏组件的侧部包覆保温材料。
PCT/CN2017/072031 2016-02-29 2017-01-22 光伏组件、光伏光热一体化组件及其制造方法 WO2017148230A1 (zh)

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