WO2017148123A1 - 电池保护装置及电源组件 - Google Patents
电池保护装置及电源组件 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017148123A1 WO2017148123A1 PCT/CN2016/097966 CN2016097966W WO2017148123A1 WO 2017148123 A1 WO2017148123 A1 WO 2017148123A1 CN 2016097966 W CN2016097966 W CN 2016097966W WO 2017148123 A1 WO2017148123 A1 WO 2017148123A1
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- battery
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- switch component
- voltage
- battery pack
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
Definitions
- the present application relates to the field of batteries, and in particular to a battery protection device and a power supply assembly.
- Lithium-ion batteries are characterized by high energy density and light weight. Due to the product characteristics of the lithium ion battery, it is necessary to protect the battery by charging, discharging, etc., to ensure safety during use.
- three-terminal fuses are used to achieve overcharge protection for lithium ion batteries.
- the structure of the three-terminal fuse is relatively complicated, and the product price is high, which results in a complicated circuit of the battery protection device and a high cost.
- the present application provides a battery protection device for protecting a battery pack, the battery pack including N-cell batteries connected in series, wherein N ⁇ 1, the device includes: a positive output terminal and a negative output terminal for connecting to an external device, the positive output terminal is connected to a positive pole of the battery pack, the negative output terminal is connected to a negative pole of the battery pack; and M fuses are connected in series with the N-cell battery Wherein M ⁇ 1; the first switch assembly includes a controlled terminal, a first terminal, and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal passes through at least one of the M fuses and the positive electrode of the battery pack Connected, the second terminal is connected to a negative pole of the battery pack; a first control module is respectively connected to the controlled terminal of the first switch component and at least one battery in the battery pack, Detecting battery status information of the connected battery, and determining whether the battery status information satisfies a preset battery protection trigger condition, and when the battery status information satisfies the preset battery protection
- the present application also provides a power supply assembly including a battery pack including N-cell batteries connected in series, wherein N ⁇ 1; and the above-described battery protection device.
- the battery pack can be quickly and effectively protected by using a single-function fuse without setting a complicated three-terminal fuse, thereby simplifying the protection of the battery pack in all directions.
- the circuit design reduces the cost, is simple and reliable, and is easy to implement. It is suitable for digital products that require simplified structure and reliable performance.
- Fig. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a conventional battery protection device for a notebook computer.
- FIG. 2 shows a circuit diagram of a battery protection device in accordance with an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 3 shows a circuit diagram of a battery protection device in accordance with an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 4 shows a circuit diagram of a battery protection device in accordance with an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 5 shows a circuit diagram of a battery protection device in accordance with an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 6 shows a circuit diagram of a battery protection device in accordance with an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 7 shows a circuit diagram of a battery protection device in accordance with another embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 8 shows a circuit diagram of a battery protection device in accordance with another embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 9 shows a circuit diagram of a battery protection device in accordance with another embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 10 shows a circuit diagram of a battery protection device according to another embodiment of the present application.
- Fig. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a conventional battery protection device for a notebook computer.
- the existing battery protection device 10 may include a control module 101, a switch assembly 102, and a three-terminal fuse 103.
- the control module 101 is configured to collect voltages of the battery cells (ie, the battery B1, the battery B2, and the battery B3) in the battery pack, and when the collected voltage exceeds a preset voltage threshold (ie, the battery is in an overcharge state)
- the control switch assembly 102 is turned on to fuse the three-terminal fuse 103 to achieve overcharge protection. Since the structure of the three-terminal fuse 103 is relatively complicated and the product price is high, the circuit of the battery protection device 10 is complicated and the cost is high.
- the battery protection device can be applied to various digital products, such as notebook computers, tablet computers, smart phones, and the like.
- FIG. 2 shows a circuit diagram of a battery protection device 20 in accordance with an embodiment of the present application.
- the battery protection device 20 is used to protect the battery pack.
- the battery pack may include N-cell batteries connected in series, where N ⁇ 1.
- the battery pack includes three batteries connected in series, which are battery B1, battery B2, and battery B3, respectively. It should be understood that the battery pack may also include a smaller number or a greater number of batteries.
- the battery included in the battery pack may be a lithium battery.
- the exposed battery positive electrode can serve as the positive electrode of the entire battery pack
- the exposed battery negative electrode can serve as the negative electrode of the entire battery pack.
- the positive electrode of the battery B1 is exposed, and therefore, the positive electrode of the battery B1 serves as the positive electrode of the battery pack.
- the negative electrode of the battery B3 is exposed, and therefore, the negative electrode of the battery B3 serves as the negative electrode of the battery pack.
- the battery protection device 20 may include a positive output terminal 201 and a negative output terminal 202 for accessing an external device.
- the positive output terminal 201 is also used to connect the positive pole of the entire battery pack
- the negative output terminal 202 is also used to connect the negative pole of the entire battery pack.
- the external device may be, for example, a charging device for charging the battery pack, or may be, for example, any electronic device that is powered by the battery pack to make it work electrically, for example, in a notebook computer. Load circuit.
- the battery pack When the external device to which the positive output terminal 201 and the negative output terminal 202 are connected is a charging device, the battery pack is in the charging mode; when the external device connected to the positive output terminal 201 and the negative output terminal 202 supplies power to the battery pack The battery pack will be in discharge mode when the electronics are in use.
- the battery protection device 20 can include M fuses for use in series with the N-cell battery, where M >
- the battery protection device 20 is exemplarily shown in FIG. 2 to include a fuse F1.
- the fuse F1 can be a current fuse.
- the battery protection device 20 may further include a first switch assembly 203, which may include a controlled terminal 203a, a first terminal 203b, and a second terminal 203c.
- the first terminal 203b and the positive electrode of the battery pack may be connected via at least one of the M fuses.
- the first terminal 203b is connected to the positive electrode of the battery pack via the current fuse F1.
- the second terminal 203c is connected to the negative electrode of the battery pack.
- the battery protection device 20 may further include a first control module 204 connected to the controlled terminal 203a of the first switch component 203 and at least one battery connected to the battery pack for detecting the location.
- the battery status information of the connected battery is determined, and it is determined whether the battery status information satisfies a preset battery protection trigger condition.
- the first switch component 203 is controlled to be turned on.
- the first terminal 203b of the first switch component 203 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery pack via at least one of the M fuses,
- the second terminal 203c is connected to the negative electrode of the battery pack.
- the resistance value of the fuse is small in the case of normal operation of the battery pack, the partial pressure generated is negligible. Therefore, when the first switching component 203 is turned on, the positive voltage of the battery pack is substantially equal to the negative voltage of the battery pack, thereby causing the battery pack to be shorted. Since the battery pack is short-circuited, the instantaneous current in the circuit suddenly increases, thereby causing the current fuse F1 to be blown, thereby causing the battery pack to be disconnected, thereby realizing protection of the battery pack.
- the battery status information may include at least one of the following parameters: a voltage of the battery, a current of the battery, and a capacity of the battery.
- the battery protection trigger condition may include at least one of the following conditions: a voltage of a predetermined number of batteries in the connected battery exceeds a preset first voltage range (by a preset first voltage threshold and a second voltage) The threshold is defined, wherein the first voltage threshold is greater than the second voltage threshold); the capacity of the predetermined number of batteries in the connected battery exceeds a preset first capacity range (by the preset first capacity threshold and the second capacity) The threshold is defined, wherein the first capacity threshold is greater than the second capacity threshold); the batteries are not balanced.
- the predetermined number may be 1, or is the total number L of connected batteries, or any value between 1 and L, and L is a positive integer greater than 1.
- the first control module 204 can determine that the battery is in an over-discharge state at this time, and the battery needs to be over-discharged. Subsequently, the first control module 204 shorts the battery pack by controlling the first switch component 203 to be turned on, so that the current fuse F1 is blown, thereby causing the battery pack to be disconnected, thereby achieving over-discharge protection of the battery pack.
- the first control module 204 may determine between the battery cells in the battery pack at this time. Unbalanced, need to balance the protection of the battery. Subsequently, the first control module 204 shorts the battery pack by controlling the first switch component 203 to be turned on, so that the current fuse F1 is blown, thereby causing the battery pack to be disconnected, thereby achieving balanced protection of the battery pack.
- the first control module 204 can control the first switch component 203 to remain in an off state, such that the first switch component 203 does not Will affect the work of the battery pack.
- the battery status information of the battery is collected by the first control module, and the battery status information satisfies the preset.
- the first switch component is controlled to be turned on, and when the first switch component is turned on, the battery pack is shorted. Since the battery pack is short-circuited, the instantaneous current in the circuit suddenly increases, so that the fuse is blown, thereby causing the battery pack to be disconnected, thereby realizing protection of the battery pack.
- the battery pack can be quickly and effectively protected by using a single-function fuse without setting a complicated three-terminal fuse, thereby realizing comprehensive protection of the battery pack. At the same time, it simplifies the circuit design, reduces the cost, is simple and reliable, and is easy to implement. It is suitable for digital products that require simplified structure and reliable performance.
- the fuses used in the battery protection device 20 may all be current fuses, that is, the M fuses may include M current fuses.
- FIG. 2 shows an example in which a current fuse F1 is included in the current protection device 20
- FIG. 3 shows an example in which the current fuses 20 include two current fuses F1 and F2.
- the fuses employed in the battery protection device 20 may all be thermal fuses, ie, the M fuses may include M thermal fuses.
- FIG. 4 shows an example in which a current fuse F3 is included in the current protection device 20.
- the temperature switch TCO is usually connected in series at the battery. When the battery temperature rises, the temperature switch TCO close to the battery senses the elevated temperature. When this temperature reaches the trigger temperature of the temperature switch TCO, the temperature switch TCO is activated to open the battery pack to achieve temperature protection.
- the overcurrent protection of the battery pack cannot be achieved only by the temperature switch TCO. If overcurrent protection is desired, the corresponding components need to be placed in the circuit, which leads to an increase in cost and an increase in space occupation, resulting in a circuit. complex structure.
- the temperature fuse since the temperature fuse is used, on the one hand, it can be blown when the current in the circuit is too large, thereby breaking the battery pack and achieving overcurrent protection for the battery pack.
- the thermal fuse can monitor the temperature of the battery in real time. When the temperature of the battery is too large (for example, reaching a temperature threshold that can trigger the melting of the thermal fuse), the thermal fuse will also blow, thereby breaking the battery and achieving the battery. Group temperature protection. That is, the use of a thermal fuse can simultaneously achieve overcurrent protection and temperature protection of the battery pack, compared to the use of different components to achieve these two functions, this embodiment can simplify circuit design, reduce circuit complexity, reduce circuit cost and Space occupation.
- FIG. 5 shows an example in which the current protection device 20 includes a current fuse F1 and a temperature fuse F3.
- the current fuse and the thermal fuse can simultaneously function as an overcurrent protection.
- the temperature fuse also acts as a temperature protector.
- a thermal fuse is placed in series with the battery in the vicinity of the battery, and in at least one embodiment of the present application, a battery can correspond to a thermal fuse, such that the temperature of each battery can be fully monitored and once one If the temperature of the battery is too large, the corresponding temperature fuse will be blown, so that the entire battery pack is in an open state, thereby improving the timeliness and effectiveness of the temperature protection of the battery pack.
- the alternating series means that M3 temperature fuses and N-cell batteries are sequentially connected in the order of one temperature fuse and one battery in the current direction.
- 6 shows an example in which the current protection device 20 includes three temperature fuses, which are temperature fuses F3, F4, and F5, respectively, and in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the battery pack includes three batteries, respectively, a battery B1. , B2 and B3.
- the three thermal fuses are alternately connected in series with the three cells.
- the battery protection device may be in the form of a protection circuit board (eg, a PCBA (Printed Circuit Board Assembly) board).
- a protection circuit board eg, a PCBA (Printed Circuit Board Assembly) board.
- the first switch component 203 and the first control module 204 may be integrated on the protection circuit board.
- the M fuses they may all be integrated on the protection circuit board.
- the current fuse F1 is integrated with the first switch component 203 and the first control module 204 on the protection circuit board 205.
- the M fuses may not be integrated on the protection circuit board and are separated from the protection circuit board. For example, as shown in FIG.
- the temperature fuse F3 may be connected in series with the battery at a position adjacent to the battery, and is not It is integrated on the protection circuit board 205. Or alternatively, a part of the M fuses are integrated on the protection circuit board, and the remaining part is separated from the protection circuit board.
- the current fuse F1 is together with the first switch component 203 and the first control module 204.
- the current fuse F2 is not integrated on the protection circuit board 205; for example, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the current fuse is together with the first switch component 203 and the first control module 204. It is integrated on the protection circuit board 205, and the thermal fuse is connected in series with the battery at a position adjacent to the battery, and is not integrated on the protection circuit board 205.
- M1 current fuses of the M fuses may be integrated on the protection circuit board 205, and the M2 temperature fuses may be separated from the protection circuit board 205, so that the current protection device as a whole can be considered. Simple structure and high accuracy of temperature detection.
- the first control module 204 can detect the battery status information of the connected battery and determine the battery. Whether the status information satisfies the preset battery protection trigger condition, and when it is determined that the battery status information satisfies the battery protection trigger condition, the first switch component 203 is controlled to be turned on to short the battery pack.
- the first control module 204 may include a first control chip 206, wherein the first control chip 206 may include a first control terminal CO1 and one cell with N cells. Corresponding N first input terminals, for example, in the example shown in FIG.
- first input terminals corresponding to the three-cell batteries, respectively, a first input terminal I11, a first input terminal I12, and a first input terminal An input terminal I13, wherein each of the first input terminals is for connecting a positive electrode of a corresponding battery.
- the first input terminal I11 corresponds to the battery B1 and is connected to the positive electrode of the battery B1.
- the first input terminal I12 corresponds to the battery B2 and is connected to the positive electrode of the battery B2.
- the first input terminal I13 corresponds to the battery B3 and is connected to the positive electrode of the battery B3.
- the first control terminal CO1 is connected to the controlled terminal 203a of the first switch component 203, and the first control chip 206 can be configured to collect battery state information of each battery through the N first input terminals, and determine the battery state information. Whether the preset battery protection trigger condition is met, and when determining that the battery status information meets the battery protection trigger condition, transmitting a first control signal to the first switch component 203 via the first control terminal CO1, the first control signal may be used for control The first switch component 203 is turned on.
- the first input terminal I11 and the first input terminal I12 can be connected by a capacitor C1
- the first input terminal I12 and the first input terminal I13 can be connected by a capacitor C2
- the first input terminal I3 can be connected via a capacitor C3.
- the first control chip 206 may further include a first power supply terminal VDD1, which may be connected to the positive electrode of the battery pack to be powered from the battery pack and operate normally.
- the first control chip 206 may further include a first ground terminal VSS1 connected to the negative electrode (or ground) of the battery pack.
- the use of a dedicated control chip as the first control module is not only easy to operate, but also easy to produce, reducing the workload of the technician.
- the corresponding battery protection trigger conditions may be different depending on different battery requirements.
- the voltage thresholds may be different for different batteries. If a dedicated control chip is used, it may not be possible to customize the overcharge protection requirements for different batteries. Once the applicable control chip cannot be found, the battery's overcharge protection requirements may not be met. Therefore, in another embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. 8, the first control module 204 may include a voltage collecting circuit 207 and a voltage comparing circuit 208, wherein The voltage collection circuit 207 may include a first output terminal O1 and N second input terminals that correspond one-to-one with the N-cell battery. For example, in the example shown in FIG. 8, the first control module 204 includes three second input terminals.
- each of the second input terminals is used for connecting the positive pole of the corresponding battery.
- the second input terminal I21 corresponds to the battery B1, and connects the positive pole of the battery B1, the second input terminal I22 and the battery.
- the positive electrode of battery B2 is connected
- the second input terminal I23 corresponds to battery B3, and the positive electrode of battery B3 is connected.
- the voltage collecting circuit 207 can be configured to collect voltages of the respective battery cells via the N second input terminals, and output a voltage signal through the first output terminal O1;
- the voltage comparison circuit 208 includes a third input terminal I31 and a second output terminal O2, wherein The third input terminal I31 is connected to the first output terminal O1, the second output terminal O2 is connected to the controlled terminal 203a of the first switch component 203, and the voltage comparison circuit 208 is configured to receive the voltage signal received via the third input terminal I31. Comparing with a preset voltage range, and transmitting a second control signal to the first switch component 203 via the second output terminal O2 when the voltage signal exceeds the voltage range, the second control signal being used to control the first switch component 203 through.
- the voltage comparison circuit 208 can send a second control signal to the first switch component 203 via the second output terminal O2 when the voltage of the predetermined number of batteries in the battery connected to the voltage collection circuit 207 exceeds the voltage range, the predetermined number. It may be 1, or the total number L of batteries connected to the voltage collecting circuit 207, or any value between 1 and L.
- the battery state information of the battery can be used to judge.
- the voltage comparison circuit 208 can send the signal to the first switch component 203.
- the second control signal controls the first switch component 203 to be turned on to overcharge the battery pack.
- the voltage comparison circuit 208 can send the signal to the first switch component 203.
- the second control signal controls the first switch component 203 to be turned on to protect the battery pack from overdischarge.
- the voltage comparison circuit 208 can control the first switching component 203 to remain open.
- the technician can design a corresponding voltage collecting circuit and a voltage comparison circuit according to the actual protection requirements of the battery, thereby meeting the protection requirements of different batteries, realizing customized battery protection and more flexible circuit design.
- the first switch component 203 can be formed as any type of switching device.
- the first switch component 203 may include a MOS transistor, wherein the gate of the MOS transistor is connected to the controlled terminal 203a, and the source of the MOS transistor is connected to the second terminal 203c, MOS The drain of the tube is connected to the first terminal 203b.
- the first control module 204 can output a high level signal.
- the MOS tube is placed in a conducting state to short the battery pack to protect the battery pack.
- the first control module 204 can output a low level signal to keep the MOS tube in an off state. At this time, the battery pack is not affected. .
- the first switch component 203 may further include a diode whose anode is connected to the source of the MOS transistor, and the cathode of the diode is connected to the MOS transistor. Drain.
- FIG. 9 shows a circuit diagram of a battery protection device 20 in accordance with another embodiment of the present application.
- the battery protection device 20 may further include: a second switch component 209 and a third switch component 210.
- the second switch component 209 is connected in series between the positive output terminal 201 and the first terminal 203b of the first switch component 203
- the third switch component 210 is connected in series between the positive output terminal 201 and the first terminal 203b of the first switch component 203.
- the second switch assembly 209 in series with the second switch assembly 209.
- the battery protection device 20 may further include: a second control module 211 connected to the second switch component 209 and the third switch component 210 respectively, the second control module 211 may be configured to connect at least one battery in the battery pack, Detecting battery status information of the connected battery, and determining whether the battery status information satisfies a preset overcharge protection trigger condition and an over-discharge protection trigger condition, and controlling the second switch component when determining that the battery status information satisfies the overcharge protection trigger condition
- the 209 is turned off to open the battery pack, and when it is determined that the battery status information satisfies the over-discharge protection trigger condition, the third switch assembly 210 is controlled to be turned off to disconnect the battery pack.
- the overcharge protection trigger condition may include at least one of the following conditions: a voltage of a predetermined number of batteries in the connected battery is higher than a preset third voltage threshold, a predetermined number of connected batteries The capacity of the battery is higher than the preset third capacity threshold.
- the third voltage threshold may be less than the first voltage threshold and greater than the second voltage threshold, and the third capacity threshold may be less than the first capacity threshold and greater than the second capacity threshold.
- the over-discharge protection trigger condition may include at least one of the following conditions: a voltage of a predetermined number of batteries in the connected battery is lower than a preset fourth voltage threshold, and a predetermined number of batteries in the connected battery The capacity is below the preset fourth capacity threshold.
- the fourth voltage threshold may be greater than the second voltage threshold and less than the third voltage threshold, and the fourth capacity threshold may be greater than the second capacity threshold and less than the third capacity threshold.
- one overcharge protection and one overdischarge protection of the battery pack can be achieved.
- the circuit is abnormal, causing one protection to fail (for example, the voltage of the battery continues to rise, or the voltage of the battery continues to drop), the battery can still be realized by the first control module 204 and the first switch component 203.
- Secondary protection including secondary overcharge protection, secondary over discharge protection, etc.). Thereby, double protection of the battery pack can be achieved.
- the second control module 211 when in the charging mode, the third switch component 210 is in an on state, and if the battery state information is at a normal level (ie, the overcharge protection trigger condition is not satisfied), the second control module 211 may The second switch assembly 209 is controlled to remain conductive, thereby ensuring that charging continues. Once the overcharge protection is required, the second control The module 211 can control the second switch assembly 209 to open to disconnect the battery pack to achieve overcharge protection. When in the discharge mode, the second switch component 209 is in an on state, and if the battery state information is at a normal level (ie, the overdischarge protection trigger condition is not met), the second control module 211 can control the third switch component 210 to maintain the conduction. By this, it is ensured that the discharge continues. Once the over-discharge protection is required, the second control module 211 can control the third switch component 210 to be disconnected to disconnect the battery pack, thereby implementing over-discharge protection.
- the second control module 211 may also be connected to the controlled terminal 203a of the first switch component 203 for when the battery status information satisfies the battery protection trigger condition.
- the first switch component 203 is controlled to be turned on to short the battery pack. That is, after the second control module 211 controls the second switch component 209 or the third switch component 210 to perform one protection, it is still possible to determine whether secondary protection is required according to the battery state information monitored in real time, and if it is determined that Then, the first switch component 203 is controlled to be turned on to short the battery pack.
- the first control module 204 also monitors the battery status information in real time, and once the battery status information satisfies the battery protection trigger condition, controls the first switch assembly 203 to conduct to short the battery pack. As long as one of the control modules controls the first switch component 203 to be turned on, the first switch component 203 is turned on, and the battery pack is shorted, thereby achieving secondary protection.
- the second control module 211 may include a second control chip 212, which may include a second control terminal CO2, a third control terminal CO3, and an N-cell battery.
- the battery pack includes three batteries, which are batteries B1, B2, and B3, respectively, such that the second control chip 212 may include three fourth
- the input terminals are respectively the fourth input terminals I41, I42 and I43, wherein each of the fourth input terminals is used for connecting the positive pole of the corresponding battery.
- the fourth input terminal I41 corresponds to the battery B1, and the battery B1 is connected.
- the positive pole, the fourth input terminal I42 corresponds to the battery B2, is connected to the positive pole of the battery B2, and the fourth input terminal I43 corresponds to the battery B3, and is connected to the positive pole of the battery B3.
- the second control terminal CO2 can be connected to the second switch component 209
- the third control terminal CO3 can be connected to the third switch component 210
- the second control chip 211 can be used for collecting the battery cells via the N fourth input terminals.
- the second control chip 212 may further include a second power terminal VDD2, which may be connected to the fourth input terminal I41 to be electrically operated from the battery pack.
- the second control chip 212 may further include a second ground terminal VSS2 connected to the negative electrode (or ground) of the battery pack.
- the second control chip 212 may further include a fourth control terminal CO4, which may be connected to the controlled terminal 203a of the first switch component 203.
- the second control chip 212 can also be configured to send a fifth control signal to the first switch component 203 via the fourth control terminal CO4 when the battery state information meets the battery protection trigger condition, the fifth control signal is used to control the first switch component. 203 is turned on to short the battery pack.
- the present application also provides a power supply assembly, which may include: a battery pack including N-cell batteries connected in series, wherein N ⁇ 1; and a battery protection device that is battery protected according to the present application Device.
- the battery state information of the battery is collected by the first control module, and when the battery state information meets the preset battery protection trigger condition, the first switch component is controlled to be turned on, and the first switch component is turned on to make the battery pack Shorted. Since the battery pack is short-circuited, the instantaneous current in the circuit suddenly increases, so that the fuse is blown, thereby causing the battery pack to be disconnected, thereby realizing protection of the battery pack.
- the battery pack can be quickly and effectively protected by using a single-function fuse without setting a complicated three-terminal fuse, thereby realizing comprehensive protection of the battery pack. At the same time, it simplifies the circuit design, reduces the cost, is simple and reliable, and is easy to implement. It is suitable for digital products that require simplified structure and reliable performance.
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Abstract
一种电池保护装置(20)及电源组件,该电池保护装置(20)包括:正输出端子(201)和负输出端子(202),用于接入外部设备,正输出端子(201)接电池组的正极,负输出端子(202)接电池组的负极;M个保险丝,与N节电池串联;第一开关组件(203),包括受控端子(203a)、第一端子(203b)和第二端子(203c),第一端子(203b)通过M个保险丝中的至少一个保险丝(F1)与电池组正极之间连接,第二端子(203c)与电池组负极连接;第一控制模块(204),分别与第一开关组件(203)的受控端子(203a)和电池组中的至少一节电池连接,用于检测所连接的电池的电池状态信息,并判断电池状态信息是否满足预设的电池保护触发条件,以及当电池状态信息满足预设的电池保护触发条件时,控制第一开关组件(203)导通以使电池组短接。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求中国专利申请号201610113043.X、申请日为2016年2月29日,及中国专利申请号201620154710.4、申请日为2016年2月29日的优先权,该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
本申请涉及电池领域,具体地,涉及一种电池保护装置及电源组件。
数码产品(例如,笔记本电脑)通常使用锂离子电池作为电源。锂离子电池具有能量密度高、重量轻的特点。由于锂离子电池的产品特性,需要对电池进行充电、放电等保护,以确保使用过程中的安全性。
在现有的用于笔记本电脑的电池保护装置中,均采用三端保险丝来实现对锂离子电池的过充保护。然而,三端保险丝的结构较为复杂,产品价格高,这就导致电池保护装置的电路较为复杂,且成本较高。
发明内容
本申请的目的是提供一种电池保护装置及电源组件,来以低成本实现对数码产品中的电池的高可靠性的保护。
为了实现上述目的,本申请提供一种电池保护装置,用于对电池组进行保护,所述电池组包括串联在一起的N节电池,其中,N≥1,所述装置包括:正输出端子和负输出端子,用于接入外部设备,所述正输出端子连接所述电池组的正极,所述负输出端子连接所述电池组的负极;M个保险丝,用于与所述N节电池串联,其中,M≥1;第一开关组件,包括受控端子、第一端子和第二端子,其中,所述第一端子通过所述M个保险丝中的至少一个保险丝与所述电池组的正极连接,所述第二端子与所述电池组的负极连接;第一控制模块,分别与所述第一开关组件的所述受控端子和所述电池组中的至少一节电池连接,用于检测所连接的电池的电池状态信息,并判断所述电池状态信息是否满足预设的电池保护触发条件,以及当所述电池状态信息满足所述预设的电池保护触发条件时,控制所述第一开关组件导通以使所述电池组短接。
为了实现上述目的,本申请还提供一种电源组件,包括电池组,包括串联在一起的N节电池,其中,N≥1;以及上述的电池保护装置。
在上述技术方案中,采用功能单一的保险丝即可实现对电池组的快速、有效地保护,而无需设置结构复杂的三端保险丝,因此,在实现对电池组进行全方位的保护的同时,简化了电路设计,降低了成本,简单可靠,易于实施,适用于要求结构简化、性能可靠的数码产品中。
本申请的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
附图是用来提供对本申请的进一步理解,并且构成说明书的一部分,与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本申请,但并不构成对本申请的限制。在附图中:
图1示出了现有的用于笔记本电脑的电池保护装置的电路图。
图2示出了根据本申请的一个实施方式的电池保护装置的电路图。
图3示出了根据本申请的一个实施方式的电池保护装置的电路图。
图4示出了根据本申请的一个实施方式的电池保护装置的电路图。
图5示出了根据本申请的一个实施方式的电池保护装置的电路图。
图6示出了根据本申请的一个实施方式的电池保护装置的电路图。
图7示出了根据本申请的另一实施方式的电池保护装置的电路图。
图8示出了根据本申请的另一实施方式的电池保护装置的电路图。
图9示出了根据本申请的另一实施方式的电池保护装置的电路图。
图10示出了根据本申请的另一实施方式的电池保护装置的电路图。
以下结合附图对本申请的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本申请,并不用于限制本申请。
图1示出了现有的用于笔记本电脑的电池保护装置的电路图。如图1所示,现有的电池保护装置10中可以包括控制模块101、开关组件102和三端保险丝103。控制模块101用于采集电池组中的各节电池(即,电池B1、电池B2和电池B3)的电压,并在采集到的电压超过预设的电压阈值时(即,电池处于过充状态),控制开关组件102导通,从而熔断三端保险丝103,以实现过充保护。由于三端保险丝103的结构较为复杂,产品价格高,导致电池保护装置10的电路较为复杂,成本较高。
为了解决这一问题,本申请提供一种电池保护装置。该电池保护装置可以应用于各种数码产品中,例如,笔记本电脑、平板电脑、智能手机等等。
图2示出了根据本申请的一种实施方式的电池保护装置20的电路图。该电池保护装置20用于对电池组进行保护。该电池组可以包括串联在一起的N节电池,其中,N≥1。为了方便阐述,在图2中示例性地示出了电池组包括串联在一起的三节电池,分别为电池B1、电池B2和电池B3。应当理解的是,电池组也可以包括更少数量的或者更多数量的电池。在本申请至少一个实施方式中,电池组中包括的电池可以为锂电池。
当N节电池串联形成电池组时,位于电池组两端的电池中的一者会暴露自身的电池正极,另一者会暴露自身的电池负极。在本申请的实施方式中,该暴露的电池正极可以作为整个电池组的正极,该暴露的电池负极可以作为整个电池组的负极。例如,如图2所示,电池B1的正极被暴露,因此,电池B1的正极作为电池组的正极。同样,电池B3的负极被暴露,因此,电池B3的负极作为电池组的负极。
电池保护装置20可以包括正输出端子201和负输出端子202,用于接入外部设备。此外,正输出端子201还用于连接整个电池组的正极,负输出端子202还用于连接整个电池组的负极。
在本申请的实施方式中,外部设备可以例如是用于为电池组进行充电的充电设备,或者可以例如是由电池组向其供电以使其得电工作的任意电子设备,例如,笔记本电脑中的负载电路。当正输出端子201和负输出端子202所接入的外部设备为充电设备时,电池组会处于充电模式;当正输出端子201和负输出端子202所接入的外部设备为电池组向其供电的电子设备时,电池组会处于放电模式。
电池保护装置20可以包括M个保险丝,用于与N节电池串联,其中,M≥1。为了方便阐述,在图2中示例性地示出了电池保护装置20包括一个保险丝F1。该保险丝F1可以为电流保险丝。此外,如图2所示,该电池保护装置20还可以包括第一开关组件203,其可以包括受控端子203a、第一端子203b和第二端子203c。第一端子203b与电池组的正极之间可以经由M个保险丝中的至少一个保险丝连接,以图2为例,第一端子203b与电池组的正极之间经由电流保险丝F1连接。此外,第二端子203c与电池组的负极连接。
此外,如图2所示,电池保护装置20还可以包括第一控制模块204,分别与第一开关组件203的受控端子203a,和连接电池组中的至少一节电池连接,用于检测所连接的电池的电池状态信息,并判断该电池状态信息是否满足预设的电池保护触发条件,在确定该电池状态信息满足电池保护触发条件时,控制第一开关组件203导通。如上所述,第一开关组件203的第一端子203b与电池组的正极之间经由M个保险丝中的至少一个保险丝连接,
第二端子203c与电池组的负极连接。由于在电池组正常工作的情况下,保险丝的电阻值很小,其产生的分压可以忽略不计。因此,当第一开关组件203导通时,电池组的正极电压与电池组的负极电压基本上相等,从而造成电池组被短接。由于电池组被短接,导致电路中的瞬时电流突增,从而使得电流保险丝F1熔断,进而使得电池组断路,从而实现对电池组的保护。
在本申请的实施方式中,电池状态信息可以包括以下参数中的至少一者:电池的电压、电池的电流、电池的容量。相应地,电池保护触发条件可以包括以下条件中的至少一者:所连接的电池中的预定数量的电池的电压超出预设的第一电压范围(由预设的第一电压阈值和第二电压阈值所限定,其中,第一电压阈值大于第二电压阈值);所连接的电池中的预定数量的电池的容量超出预设的第一容量范围(由预设的第一容量阈值和第二容量阈值所限定,其中,第一容量阈值大于第二容量阈值);电池之间不均衡。其中,该预定数量可以为1,或者为所连接的电池的总数L,或者为1到L之间的任一数值,L为大于1的正整数。
在本申请至少一个实施方式中,在电池处于充电模式下,当第一控制模块204采集到的电池的电压高于第一电压范围的上限(即,第一电压阈值)时(或者电池的容量高于第一容量范围的上限(即,第一容量阈值)),则第一控制模块204可以确定此时电池处于过充状态,需要对电池进行过充保护。随后,第一控制模块204通过控制第一开关组件203导通来短接电池组,以使电流保险丝F1熔断,进而使得电池组断路,从而实现对电池组的过充保护。
在电池处于放电模式下,当第一控制模块204采集到的电池的电压低于第一电压范围的下限(即,第二电压阈值)时(或者电池的容量低于第一容量范围的下限(即,第二容量阈值)),则第一控制模块204可以确定此时电池处于过放状态,需要对电池进行过放保护。随后,第一控制模块204通过控制第一开关组件203导通来短接电池组,以使电流保险丝F1熔断,进而使得电池组断路,从而实现对电池组的过放保护。
当第一控制模块204采集到的各节电池的电压之间差异较大(例如,大于预设的压差阈值)时,第一控制模块204可以确定此时电池组中的各节电池之间不均衡,需要对电池进行均衡保护。随后,第一控制模块204通过控制第一开关组件203导通来短接电池组,以使电流保险丝F1熔断,进而使得电池组断路,从而实现对电池组的均衡保护。
而在电池正常工作时(即,所检测到的电池状态信息不满足电池保护触发条件时),第一控制模块204可以控制第一开关组件203保持断开状态,这样,第一开关组件203不会影响电池组的工作。
综上所述,通过第一控制模块采集电池的电池状态信息,并在电池状态信息满足预设
的电池保护触发条件时,控制第一开关组件导通,当第一开关组件导通时,电池组被短接。由于电池组被短接,导致电路中的瞬时电流突增,从而使得保险丝熔断,进而使得电池组断路,从而实现对电池组的保护。在本申请提供的电池保护装置中,采用功能单一的保险丝即可实现对电池组的快速、有效地保护,而无需设置结构复杂的三端保险丝,因此,在实现对电池组进行全方位的保护的同时,简化了电路设计,降低了成本,简单可靠,易于实施,适用于要求结构简化、性能可靠的数码产品中。
在本申请的一个实施方式中,电池保护装置20中所采用的保险丝可以全部为电流保险丝,即,M个保险丝可以包括M个电流保险丝。例如,图2示出了电流保护装置20中包括一个电流保险丝F1的示例,图3示出了电流保护装置20中包括两个电流保险丝F1和F2的示例。这样,当电路中的电流过大时可导致电流保险丝熔断,从而使电池组断路,实现对电池组的保护。并且,电流保险丝的产品成本低,因此,可以最大程度地降低电池保护装置20的成本。
或者,在另一个实施方式中,电池保护装置20中所采用的保险丝可以全部为温度保险丝,即,M个保险丝可以包括M个温度保险丝。例如,图4示出了电流保护装置20中包括一个温度保险丝F3的示例。
在相关技术中,如果想要实现对电池组的温度保护,通常会在电池处串联温度开关TCO,当电池温度升高时,紧贴电池的温度开关TCO会感应到升高后的温度,当这个温度达到温度开关TCO的触发温度时,温度开关TCO启动,将电池组断路,实现温度保护。然而,仅通过温度开关TCO无法实现对电池组的过流保护,如果想要进行过流保护,仍需在电路中设置相应元件,这样一来,导致成本增加,而且会增加空间占用,导致电路结构复杂。
然而在本申请的这一实施方式中,由于采用温度保险丝,一方面,可以在电路中的电流过大时熔断,从而使电池组断路,实现对电池组的过流保护。另一方面,温度保险丝可以实时监测电池的温度,当电池的温度过大(例如,达到能够触发温度保险丝熔断的温度阈值)时,该温度保险丝同样会熔断,从而使电池组断路,实现对电池组的温度保护。即,采用温度保险丝可以同时实现对电池组的过流保护和温度保护,相较于采用不同元件来实现这两种功能,此种实施方式可以简化电路设计,降低电路复杂性,降低电路成本及空间占用。
在又一个实施方式中,电池保护装置20中所采用的保险丝可以包括电流保险丝和温度保险丝这两者,即,所述M个保险丝包括M1个电流保险丝和M2个温度保险丝,其中,M1+M2=M。例如,图5示出了电流保护装置20中包括一个电流保险丝F1和一个温度保险丝F3的示例。在该实施方式,电流保险丝和温度保险丝可以同时起到过流保护的作用,
温度保险丝还可以起到温度保护的作用。
通常情况下,温度保险丝在电池附近与该电池串联,并且在本申请的至少一个实施方式中,一节电池可以对应一个温度保险丝,这样,可以全面监控每节电池的温度情况,并且一旦其中一节电池的温度过大就会导致相对应的温度保险丝熔断,从而使得整个电池组处于断路状态,由此可以提高对电池组的温度保护的及时性和有效性。
也就是说,在该在本申请的至少一个实施方式中,电池保护装置20中所采用的M个保险丝可以包括M3个温度保险丝,其中,M3=N,并且M3个温度保险丝与N节电池交替式串联。在本申请中,所谓交替式串联是指在电流方向上,按照一个温度保险丝、再一节电池的顺序依次将M3个温度保险丝和N节电池串联起来。图6示出了电流保护装置20中包括三个温度保险丝,分别是温度保险丝F3、F4和F5的示例,并且,在图6所示的实施方式中,电池组包括三节电池,分别是电池B1、B2和B3。从图6中可以看出,三个温度保险丝与三节电池之间为交替式串联。
通过这一实施方式,不仅可以实现对每节电池的温度情况的全面监控,还可以使得温度保险丝与电池紧密靠近,从而可以提高温度检测的准确性,进而提高对电池组的温度保护的及时性和可靠性。
在本申请的一个实施方式中,电池保护装置可以为保护电路板(例如,PCBA(Printed Circuit Board Assembly,印刷电路板组件)板)的形式。在这种情况下,至少第一开关组件203和第一控制模块204可以被集成在保护电路板上。至于M个保险丝,其可以全部被集成在保护电路板上,例如,如图2所示,电流保险丝F1同第一开关组件203以及第一控制模块204一起被集成在保护电路板205上。再或者,M个保险丝可以全部不被集成在保护电路板上,而与保护电路板相分离,例如,如图4所示,温度保险丝F3可以在邻近电池的位置处与电池串联,而并未被集成在保护电路板205上。又或者,M个保险丝中的一部分被集成在保护电路板上,其余部分与保护电路板相分离,例如,如图3所示,电流保险丝F1同第一开关组件203以及第一控制模块204一起被集成在保护电路板205上,而电流保险丝F2未被集成在保护电路板205上;再例如,如图5和图6所示,电流保险丝同第一开关组件203以及第一控制模块204一起被集成在保护电路板205上,而温度保险丝在邻近电池的位置处与电池串联,并未被集成在保护电路板205上。
在本申请的至少一个实施方式中,M个保险丝中的M1个电流保险丝可以被集成在保护电路板205上,而M2个温度保险丝可以与保护电路板205相分离,这样可以兼顾电流保护装置整体的简单结构、以及温度检测的高准确性。
如上所述,第一控制模块204可以检测所连接的电池的电池状态信息,并判断该电池
状态信息是否满足预设的电池保护触发条件,在确定该电池状态信息满足电池保护触发条件时,控制第一开关组件203导通,以使电池组短接。在本申请的一个实施方式中,如图7所示,第一控制模块204可以包括第一控制芯片206,其中,该第一控制芯片206可以包括第一控制端子CO1和与N节电池一一对应的N个第一输入端子,例如,在图7所示的示例中,包括与三节电池一一对应的三个第一输入端子,分别为第一输入端子I11、第一输入端子I12和第一输入端子I13,其中,每个第一输入端子用于连接相对应的电池的正极。例如,第一输入端子I11与电池B1相对应,连接该电池B1的正极。第一输入端子I12与电池B2相对应,连接该电池B2的正极。第一输入端子I13与电池B3相对应,连接该电池B3的正极。此外,第一控制端子CO1与第一开关组件203的受控端子203a连接,第一控制芯片206可以用于经由N个第一输入端子采集各节电池的电池状态信息,并判断该电池状态信息是否满足预设的电池保护触发条件,在确定该电池状态信息满足电池保护触发条件时,经由第一控制端子CO1向第一开关组件203发送第一控制信号,该第一控制信号可以用于控制第一开关组件203导通。
在本申请的至少一个实施例中,如图7所示,第一控制芯片206的每个第一输入端子可以经由一个电阻与各自对应的电池的正极连接,例如,图7中示出的电阻R1、R2和R3,并且示例地,R1=R2=R3=1KΩ。此外,第一输入端子I11与第一输入端子I12之间可以通过电容C1连接,第一输入端子I12与第一输入端子I13之间可以通过电容C2连接,第一输入端子I3可以经由电容C3与电池组的负极(或地)连接,并且示例地,C1=C2=C3=0.1μF。此外,如图7所示,第一控制芯片206还可以包括第一电源端子VDD1,该第一电源端子VDD1可以与电池组的正极连接,以从电池组得电并正常工作。在本申请的至少一个实施例中,第一电源端子VDD1与电池组的正极之间可以通过电阻R4连接,并且示例地,R4=100Ω。此外,第一电源端子VDD1与第一输入端子I11之间可以通过电容C4连接,并且示例地,C4=0.1μF。此外,如图7所示,第一控制芯片206还可以包括第一接地端子VSS1,该第一接地端子VSS1接电池组的负极(或地)。
采用专用的控制芯片作为第一控制模块,不仅操作方便,而且易于生产,减少技术人员的工作量。
在实际使用时,根据不同的电池需求,所对应的电池保护触发条件可能不同。例如,针对过充保护而言,对于不同的电池,其所对应的电压阈值可能不同,如果采用专用的控制芯片,可能无法实现针对不同的电池的过充保护需求进行定制。一旦无法找到适用的控制芯片,则可能无法满足电池的过充保护需求。因此,在本申请的另一个实施方式中,如图8所示,第一控制模块204可以包括电压采集电路207和电压比较电路208,其中,电
压采集电路207可以包括第一输出端子O1和与N节电池一一对应的N个第二输入端子,例如,在图8所示的示例中,第一控制模块204包括三个第二输入端子,分别为第二输入端子I21、I22和I23。其中,每个第二输入端子用于连接相对应的电池的正极,例如,如图8所示,第二输入端子I21与电池B1相对应,连接电池B1的正极,第二输入端子I22与电池B2相对应,连接电池B2的正极,第二输入端子I23与电池B3相对应,连接电池B3的正极。电压采集电路207可以用于经由N个第二输入端子采集各节电池的电压,并通过第一输出端子O1输出电压信号;电压比较电路208包括第三输入端子I31和第二输出端子O2,其中,第三输入端子I31与第一输出端子O1连接,第二输出端子O2与第一开关组件203的受控端子203a连接,电压比较电路208用于将经由第三输入端子I31接收到的电压信号与预设的电压范围进行比较,并在电压信号超出电压范围时,经由第二输出端子O2向第一开关组件203发送第二控制信号,该第二控制信号用于控制第一开关组件203导通。其中,电压比较电路208可以在电压采集电路207所连接的电池中的预定数量的电池的电压超出电压范围时,经由第二输出端子O2向第一开关组件203发送第二控制信号,该预定数量可以为1,或者为电压采集电路207所连接的电池的总数L,或者为1到L之间的任一数值。
在对电池组进行保护时,主要是针对过充和过放这两种情况,而针对过充和过放这两种情况,可以采用电池的电压这一电池状态信息来判断。当电压采集电路207所连接的电池中的预定数量的电池的电压高于预设的电压范围的上限值时,此时电池处于过充状态,电压比较电路208可以向第一开关组件203发送第二控制信号,以控制第一开关组件203导通,从而对电池组进行过充保护。当电压采集电路207所连接的电池中的预定数量的电池的电压低于预设的电压范围的下限值时,此时电池处于过放状态,电压比较电路208可以向第一开关组件203发送第二控制信号,以控制第一开关组件203导通,从而对电池组进行过放保护。当电池的电压处于正常水平时(即,处于该预设的电压范围内时),电压比较电路208可以控制第一开关组件203保持断开。
通过上述方式,技术人员可以根据电池实际的保护需求,设计相应的电压采集电路和电压比较电路,从而满足不同电池的保护需求,实现电池保护的定制化及更灵活的电路设计。
在本申请中,第一开关组件203可以形成为任一形式的开关器件。示例地,如图2至图8所示,第一开关组件203可以包括MOS管,其中,该MOS管的栅极与受控端子203a连接,MOS管的源极与第二端子203c连接,MOS管的漏极与第一端子203b连接。这样,当电池状态信息满足预设的电池保护触发条件时,第一控制模块204可以输出高电平信号,
以使MOS管处于导通的状态,从而短接电池组,以对电池组进行保护。而当电池状态信息为正常(即,不满足电池保护触发条件)时,第一控制模块204可以输出低电平信号,以使MOS管处于断开的状态,此时,不影响电池组的工作。
此外,在本申请的至少一个实施例中,如图2至图8所示,第一开关组件203还可以包括二极管,该二极管的正极连接MOS管的源极,该二极管的负极连接MOS管的漏极。
图9示出了根据本申请的另一种实施方式的电池保护装置20的电路图。如图9所示,该电池保护装置20还可以包括:第二开关组件209和第三开关组件210。第二开关组件209串联在正输出端子201与第一开关组件203的第一端子203b之间,第三开关组件210串联在正输出端子201与第一开关组件203的第一端子203b之间,并与第二开关组件209串联。此外,该电池保护装置20还可以包括:第二控制模块211,分别与第二开关组件209和第三开关组件210连接该第二控制模块211可以用于连接电池组中的至少一节电池,检测所连接的电池的电池状态信息,并判断电池状态信息是否满足预设的过充保护触发条件和过放保护触发条件,在确定电池状态信息满足过充保护触发条件时,控制第二开关组件209断开,以使电池组断路,以及在确定电池状态信息满足过放保护触发条件时,控制第三开关组件210断开,以使电池组断路。
在本申请中,过充保护触发条件可以包括以下条件中的至少一者:所连接的电池中的预定数量的电池的电压高于预设的第三电压阈值,所连接的电池中的预定数量的电池的容量高于预设的第三容量阈值。在本申请的至少一个实施例中,第三电压阈值可以小于第一电压阈值并大于第二电压阈值,第三容量阈值可以小于第一容量阈值并大于第二容量阈值。另外,过放保护触发条件可以包括以下条件中的至少一者:所连接的电池中的预定数量的电池的电压低于预设的第四电压阈值,所连接的电池中的预定数量的电池的容量低于预设的第四容量阈值。在本申请的至少一个实施例中,第四电压阈值可以大于第二电压阈值,并小于第三电压阈值,第四容量阈值可以大于第二容量阈值,并小于第三容量阈值。
这样,通过第二控制模块211、第二开关组件209和第三开关组件210,可以实现对电池组的一次过充保护和一次过放保护。当电路出现异常导致一次保护无法起作用(例如,电池的电压仍持续升高、或者电池的电压仍持续下降)时,通过第一控制模块204和第一开关组件203,仍可以实现对电池的二次保护(包括二次过充保护、二次过放保护等)。由此,可以实现对电池组的双重保护。
此外,如图9所示,当在充电模式下,第三开关组件210处于导通状态,如果电池状态信息处于正常水平(即,未满足过充保护触发条件),则第二控制模块211可以控制第二开关组件209保持导通,由此,确保充电的持续进行。一旦需要进行过充保护,则第二控
制模块211可以控制第二开关组件209断开,以使电池组断路,从而实现过充保护。当在放电模式下,第二开关组件209处于导通状态,如果电池状态信息处于正常水平(即,未满足过放保护触发条件),则第二控制模块211可以控制第三开关组件210保持导通,由此,确保放电的持续进行。一旦需要进行过放保护,则第二控制模块211可以控制第三开关组件210断开,以使电池组断路,从而实现过放保护。
另外,在本申请的另一实施方式中,如图9所示,第二控制模块211还可以与第一开关组件203的受控端子203a连接,用于在电池状态信息满足电池保护触发条件时,控制第一开关组件203导通,以使电池组短接。也就是说,当第二控制模块211控制第二开关组件209或第三开关组件210进行一次保护之后,仍可根据实时监测到的电池状态信息判断是否需要进行二次保护,并且如果确定需要,则控制第一开关组件203导通,以使电池组短接。与此同时,第一控制模块204也实时监测电池状态信息,并且一旦该电池状态信息满足电池保护触发条件,则控制第一开关组件203导通,以使电池组短接。只要其中一个控制模块控制第一开关组件203导通,该第一开关组件203即被导通,电池组即被短接,从而实现二次保护。
在一个示例实施方式中,如图10所示,第二控制模块211可以包括第二控制芯片212,该第二控制芯片212可以包括第二控制端子CO2、第三控制端子CO3和与N节电池一一对应的N个第四输入端子,例如,在图10所示的示例中,电池组包括三节电池,分别是电池B1、B2和B3,这样,第二控制芯片212可以包括三个第四输入端子,分别是第四输入端子I41、I42和I43,其中,每个第四输入端子用于连接相对应的电池的正极,例如,第四输入端子I41与电池B1相对应,连接该电池B1的正极,第四输入端子I42与电池B2相对应,连接该电池B2的正极,第四输入端子I43与电池B3相对应,连接该电池B3的正极。另外,第二控制端子CO2可以与第二开关组件209连接,第三控制端子CO3可以与第三开关组件210连接,第二控制芯片211可以用于经由N个第四输入端子采集各节电池的电池状态信息,并判断电池状态信息是否满足预设的过充保护触发条件和过放保护触发条件,在确定电池状态信息满足过充保护触发条件时,经由第二控制端子CO2向第二开关组件209发送第三控制信号,以控制第二开关组件209断开,以及在确定电池状态信息满足过放保护触发条件时,经由第三控制端子CO3向第三开关组件210发送第四控制信号,以控制第三开关组件210断开。
在本申请的至少一个实施例中,如图10所示,第二控制芯片212的每个第四输入端子可以经由一个电阻与各自对应的电池的正极连接,例如,图10中示出的电阻R5、R6和R7,并且示例地,R5=R6=R7=100Ω。此外,第四输入端子I41与第四输入端子I42之间可
以通过电容C5连接,第四输入端子I42与第四输入端子I43之间可以通过电容C6连接,第四输入端子I43可以经由电容C7与电池组的负极(或地)连接,并且示例地,C5=C6=C7=0.1μF。此外,如图10所示,第二控制芯片212还可以包括第二电源端子VDD2,该第二电源端子VDD2可以与第四输入端子I41连接,以从电池组得电工作。此外,如图10所示,第二控制芯片212还可以包括第二接地端子VSS2,该第二接地端子VSS2接电池组的负极(或地)。
在本申请的至少一个实施例中,如图10所示,第二控制芯片212还可以包括第四控制端子CO4,该第四控制端子CO4可以与第一开关组件203的受控端子203a连接,第二控制芯片212还可以用于在电池状态信息满足电池保护触发条件时,经由第四控制端子CO4向第一开关组件203发送第五控制信号,该第五控制信号用于控制第一开关组件203导通,以使电池组短接。
本申请还提供一种电源组件,该电源组件可以包括:电池组,包括串联在一起的N节电池,其中,N≥1;以及电池保护装置,该电池保护装置为根据本申请提供的电池保护装置。
综上所述,通过第一控制模块采集电池的电池状态信息,并在电池状态信息满足预设的电池保护触发条件时,控制第一开关组件导通,第一开关组件的导通使得电池组被短接。由于电池组被短接,导致电路中的瞬时电流突增,从而使得保险丝熔断,进而使得电池组断路,从而实现对电池组的保护。在本申请提供的电池保护装置中,采用功能单一的保险丝即可实现对电池组的快速、有效地保护,而无需设置结构复杂的三端保险丝,因此,在实现对电池组进行全方位的保护的同时,简化了电路设计,降低了成本,简单可靠,易于实施,适用于要求结构简化、性能可靠的数码产品中。
以上结合附图详细描述了本申请的至少一个实施方式,但是,本申请并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节,在本申请的技术构思范围内,可以对本申请的技术方案进行多种简单变型,这些简单变型均属于本申请的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是,在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征,在不矛盾的情况下,可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合。为了避免不必要的重复,本申请对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外,本申请的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合,只要其不违背本申请的思想,其同样应当视为本申请所公开的内容。
Claims (14)
- 一种电池保护装置,用于对电池组进行保护,所述电池组包括串联在一起的N节电池,其中,N≥1,其特征在于,所述装置包括:正输出端子和负输出端子,用于接入外部设备,所述正输出端子连接所述电池组的正极,所述负输出端子连接所述电池组的负极;M个保险丝,用于与所述N节电池串联,其中,M≥1;第一开关组件,包括受控端子、第一端子和第二端子,其中,所述第一端子通过所述M个保险丝中的至少一个保险丝与所述电池组的正极连接,所述第二端子与所述电池组的负极连接;第一控制模块,分别与所述第一开关组件的所述受控端子和所述电池组中的至少一节电池连接,用于检测所连接的电池的电池状态信息,并判断所述电池状态信息是否满足预设的电池保护触发条件,以及当所述电池状态信息满足所述预设的电池保护触发条件时,控制所述第一开关组件导通以使所述电池组短接。
- 根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述M个保险丝包括M个电流保险丝或者M个温度保险丝;或者所述M个保险丝包括M1个电流保险丝和M2个温度保险丝,其中,M1+M2=M。
- 根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述M个保险丝包括M3个温度保险丝,其中,M3=N,并且所述M3个温度保险丝与所述N节电池交替式串联。
- 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一控制模块包括第一控制芯片,所述第一控制芯片包括第一控制端子和与所述N节电池一一对应的N个第一输入端子,其中,每个所述第一输入端子用于连接相对应的电池的正极,所述第一控制端子与所述第一开关组件的所述受控端子连接,所述第一控制芯片用于经由所述N个第一输入端子采集各节电池的电池状态信息,并判断所述电池状态信息是否满足预设的电池保护触发条件,在确定所述电池状态信息满足所述电池保护触发条件时,通过所述第一控制端子向所述第一开关组件发送第一控制信号,所述第一控制信号用于控制所述第一开关组件导通。
- 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述电池状态信息包括电池 的电压;以及,所述第一控制模块包括电压采集电路和电压比较电路,其中:所述电压采集电路包括第一输出端子和与所述N节电池一一对应的N个第二输入端子,其中,每个所述第二输入端子用于连接相对应的电池的正极,所述电压采集电路用于经由所述N个第二输入端子采集各节电池的电压,并通过所述第一输出端子输出电压信号;所述电压比较电路包括第三输入端子和第二输出端子,其中,所述第三输入端子与所述第一输出端子连接,所述第二输出端子与所述第一开关组件的所述受控端子连接,所述电压比较电路用于将经由所述第三输入端子接收到的电压信号与预设的电压范围进行比较,并在所述电压信号超出所述电压范围时,经由所述第二输出端子向所述第一开关组件发送第二控制信号,所述第二控制信号用于控制所述第一开关组件导通。
- 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一开关组件包括MOS管,其中,所述MOS管的栅极与所述受控端子连接,所述MOS管的源极与所述第二端子连接,所述MOS管的漏极与所述第一端子连接。
- 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述电池组中的每节电池为锂离子电池。
- 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述电池状态信息包括以下参数中的至少一者:电池的电压、电池的电流、电池的容量,所述电池保护触发条件包括以下条件中的至少一者:所连接的电池中的预定数量的电池的电压超出预设的第一电压范围,所述第一电压范围由预设的第一电压阈值和第二电压阈值所限定,其中,所述第一电压阈值大于所述第二电压阈值;所连接的电池中的预定数量的电池的容量超出预设的第一容量范围,所述第一容量范围由预设的第一容量阈值和第二容量阈值所限定,其中,所述第一容量阈值大于所述第二容量阈值;电池之间不均衡,其中,所述预定数量可以为1,或者为所连接的电池的总数L,或者为1到L之间的任一数值,L为大于1的正整数。
- 根据权利要求8所述的装置,其特征在于,所述保护触发条件包括过充保护触发条件和过放保护触发条件,所述过充保护触发条件包括以下条件中的至少一者:所连接的电池中的预定数量的电池的电压高于预设的第三电压阈值,所连接的电池中的预定数量的电池的容量高于预设的 第三容量阈值,所述第三电压阈值小于所述第一电压阈值并大于所述第二电压阈值,所述第三容量阈值小于所述第一容量阈值并大于所述第二容量阈值;所述过放保护触发条件包括以下条件中的至少一者:所连接的电池中的预定数量的电池的电压低于预设的第四电压阈值,所连接的电池中的预定数量的电池的容量低于预设的第四容量阈值,所述第四电压阈值大于所述第二电压阈值,并小于所述第三电压阈值,所述第四容量阈值大于所述第二容量阈值,并小于所述第三容量阈值。
- 根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述装置还包括:第二开关组件,串联在所述正输出端子与所述第一开关组件的所述第一端子之间;第三开关组件,串联在所述正输出端子与所述第一开关组件的所述第一端子之间,并与所述第二开关组件串联;第二控制模块,分别与所述第二开关组件,所述第三开关组件和所述电池组中的至少一节电池连接,所述第二控制模块用于检测所连接的电池的电池状态信息,并判断所述电池状态信息是否满足预设的过充保护触发条件和过放保护触发条件,在确定所述电池状态信息满足所述过充保护触发条件时,控制所述第二开关组件断开以使所述电池组断路,以及在确定所述电池状态信息满足所述过放保护触发条件时,控制所述第三开关组件断开以使所述电池组断路。
- 根据权利要求10所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第二控制模块还与所述第一开关组件的所述受控端子连接,用于在所述电池状态信息满足所述电池保护触发条件时,控制所述第一开关组件导通以使所述电池组短接。
- 根据权利要求10所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第二控制模块包括第二控制芯片,所述第二控制芯片包括第二控制端子、第三控制端子和与所述N节电池一一对应的N个第四输入端子,其中,每个所述第四输入端子用于连接相对应的电池的正极,所述第二控制端子与所述第二开关组件连接,所述第三控制端子与所述第三开关组件连接,所述第二控制芯片用于经由所述N个第四输入端子采集各节电池的电池状态信息,并判断所述电池状态信息是否满足预设的过充保护触发条件和过放保护触发条件,在确定所述电池状态信息满足所述过充保护触发条件时,经由所述第二控制端子向所述第二开关组件发送第三控制信号,所述第三控制信号用于控制所述第二开关组件断开,以及在确定所述电池状态信息满足所述过放保护触发条件时,经由所述第三控制端子向所述第三开关组件发送第四控制信号,所述第四控制信号用于控制所述第三开关组件断开。
- 根据权利要求12所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第二控制芯片还包括第四控制端子,该第四控制端子与所述第一开关组件的所述受控端子连接,所述第二控制芯片还用于在所述电池状态信息满足所述电池保护触发条件时,经由所述第四控制端子向所述第一开关组件发送第五控制信号,所述第五控制信号用于控制所述第一开关组件导通以使所述电池组短接。
- 一种电源组件,其特征在于,包括:电池组,包括串联在一起的N节电池,其中,N≥1;以及电池保护装置,该电池保护装置为根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的电池保护装置。
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